WO2018120601A1 - 一种制备石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜的方法 - Google Patents

一种制备石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜的方法 Download PDF

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WO2018120601A1
WO2018120601A1 PCT/CN2017/085123 CN2017085123W WO2018120601A1 WO 2018120601 A1 WO2018120601 A1 WO 2018120601A1 CN 2017085123 W CN2017085123 W CN 2017085123W WO 2018120601 A1 WO2018120601 A1 WO 2018120601A1
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graphene
porous carbon
dimensional porous
enhanced
self
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French (fr)
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赵乃勤
朱杉
李家俊
何春年
师春生
刘恩佐
何芳
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天津大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/62218—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining ceramic films, e.g. by using temporary supports
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/04—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by dissolving-out added substances
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/42—Non metallic elements added as constituents or additives, e.g. sulfur, phosphor, selenium or tellurium
    • C04B2235/422—Carbon
    • C04B2235/425—Graphite
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    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/48—Organic compounds becoming part of a ceramic after heat treatment, e.g. carbonising phenol resins

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for preparing a graphene-enhanced three-dimensional porous carbon self-supporting film, and belongs to the technical field of preparation of nano materials.
  • Porous carbon materials have been widely used in various fields due to their large specific surface area and abundant pore structure. Especially in electrochemical energy storage applications, porous carbon can often be seen.
  • a single type of carbon material often fails to meet the various requirements of the energy storage device for the electrode.
  • the anode material of a lithium ion battery also needs to meet the requirements of a large number of active sites and good contact with the current collector.
  • Graphene has good electrical conductivity and high mechanical strength, but its existence is easy to stack, and high-quality samples are difficult to obtain, which greatly hampers its practical application. If the advantages of the two carbon materials can be maximized, the preparation of hybrid carbon materials will inevitably increase the application prospects of the two. However, the problem of how to combine graphene with porous carbon has not been well solved.
  • the carbon material prepared by the conventional method tends to be in the form of a powder.
  • a polymer binder such as polytetrafluoroethylene.
  • the presence of these binders invisibly increases the internal resistance of the electrode material, which is detrimental to the full play of the electrochemical properties of the carbon material. Therefore, the preparation of self-supporting structural carbon materials with no binder has become a hot research topic.
  • Prior art methods for preparing carbon self-supporting thin film materials are mainly chemical vapor deposition techniques.
  • a carbon material is prepared using a gaseous carbon source such as methane under the action of a catalyst.
  • the carbon film prepared by this technique is lower in surface area than the surface, and the porosity is not easy to control, and the cost is high, the yield is low, and the catalyst is difficult to remove.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for preparing a graphene-enhanced three-dimensional porous carbon self-supporting film with simple process, low cost and good controllability.
  • the invention utilizes a method for directly growing a solid carbon source on an electrolytic copper foil substrate to obtain a graphene-enhanced three-dimensional porous carbon self-supporting thin film material, and the obtained material exhibits a binary layered structure in which graphene and porous carbon are combined, and has a large specific surface area.
  • the pore structure is rich, the active site has many characteristics, and the material has a certain mechanical strength, which can realize self-support without binder.
  • a method for preparing a graphene-enhanced three-dimensional porous carbon self-supporting film comprising the following steps:
  • Sodium carbonate, urea, and glucose are formulated into an aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of sodium carbonate is 50 to 200 g ⁇ L -1 , the concentration of urea is 10 to 50 g ⁇ L -1 , and the concentration of glucose is 10 to 50 g ⁇ L -1 .
  • the obtained solution is uniformly coated on the surface of the electrolytic copper foil, and dried to obtain a precursor;
  • step 4 preparing a ferric chloride hydrochloric acid etching solution, and the calcined product obtained in the step 3 is statically placed in an etching solution at room temperature to remove the salt template and the copper foil to obtain a film-like sample, which is cleaned to remove the corrosive liquid component. Further drying treatment is performed to obtain a graphene-enhanced three-dimensional porous carbon self-supporting film.
  • a mixed solution of 1 mol ⁇ L -1 of ferric chloride and 6 mol ⁇ L -1 of hydrochloric acid was prepared as an etching solution in a volume ratio of (0.5 to 5):1.
  • the method of the invention has the following advantages: (1) using sodium carbonate as a template, the specific surface can be prepared cheaply and efficiently (3) the presence of urea can be doped with a certain amount of nitrogen atoms in the carbon to increase the active sites in the structure; (3) the catalytic growth and growth of the copper foil High-quality graphene, the graphene layer acts as a reinforcing layer, which improves the mechanical stability and electrical conductivity of the three-dimensional porous carbon; (4) the material is thin and has the advantage of self-supporting; (5) the simple process of raw materials, raw materials Easy to obtain, industrialized and popularized applications.
  • 1 is an SEM image of a matte surface of an electrolytic copper foil used in the present invention in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 2 is a side view SEM image of a graphene-enhanced three-dimensional porous carbon self-supporting film prepared by the present invention in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is an SEM image of a top porous carbon of a graphene-enhanced three-dimensional porous carbon self-supporting film prepared by the present invention in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 5 is an optical image of a graphene-enhanced three-dimensional porous carbon self-supporting film prepared by the present invention in the first embodiment
  • FIG. 6 is a SEM image of a graphene-enhanced three-dimensional porous carbon self-supporting film prepared by the present invention in the second embodiment
  • FIG. 7 is a SEM image of a graphene-enhanced three-dimensional porous carbon self-supporting film prepared by the present invention in the third embodiment
  • Industrial electrolytic copper foil with a thickness of 10-50 ⁇ m is used, wiped with deionized water and absolute ethanol to remove surface impurities, and then dried at room temperature or 80 ° C for use.
  • Sodium carbonate, urea, and glucose are formulated into an aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of sodium carbonate is 50-200 g ⁇ L-1, the concentration of urea is 10-50 g ⁇ L-1, and the concentration of glucose is 10-50 g ⁇ L-1;
  • the resulting solution was uniformly applied to the matte side of the electrolytic copper foil, followed by drying at 60 to 100 ° C to obtain a precursor.
  • the precursor prepared in the step 2 was placed in a quartz boat, and the quartz boat was placed in the outer region of the furnace of the reaction tube, and argon gas was introduced. At this point, the furnace temperature is raised to 550-800 °C. When the temperature reaches the specified value, the quartz boat is quickly transferred to the constant temperature zone of the furnace for 0.5-5 min. Subsequently, the quartz boat was moved to the low temperature zone of the furnace, and the furnace lid was opened, and the sample was cooled to room temperature under argon gas protection.
  • a mixed solution of 1 mol ⁇ L-1 ferric chloride and 6 mol ⁇ L-1 hydrochloric acid was placed as an etching solution at a volume ratio of (0.5 to 5):1 at room temperature.
  • the calcined product obtained in the step 3 was allowed to stand in an etching solution at room temperature for 10 to 60 minutes, and the salt template and the copper foil were removed to obtain a film-like sample. Transfer it to a flat quartz or glass substrate and rinse with deionized water to remove the corrosive components of the residue. Subsequently, it was dried at 80 ° C for 5-12 h to obtain a graphene-enhanced three-dimensional porous carbon self-supporting film.
  • Industrial electrolytic copper foil with a thickness of 20 um was used, and wiped with deionized water and absolute ethanol to remove surface impurities, and then dried at room temperature or 80 ° C for use.
  • Sodium carbonate, urea, and glucose are formulated into an aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of sodium carbonate is 200 g ⁇ L -1 , the concentration of urea is 10 g ⁇ L -1 , and the concentration of glucose is 10 g ⁇ L -1 ;
  • the matte side of the copper foil was electrolyzed and subsequently dried at 80 ° C to obtain a precursor.
  • the precursor was placed in a quartz boat, and the quartz boat was placed in the outer region of the furnace of the reaction tube, and argon gas was introduced.
  • the furnace temperature was raised to 700 ° C, and the quartz boat was quickly transferred to the furnace constant temperature zone for 0.5 min. Subsequently, the quartz boat was moved to the low temperature zone of the furnace, and the furnace lid was opened, and the sample was cooled to room temperature under argon gas protection.
  • a mixed solution of 1 mol ⁇ L -1 of ferric chloride and 6 mol ⁇ L -1 of hydrochloric acid was placed as an etching solution at a volume ratio of 0.5:1 at room temperature.
  • the calcined product was allowed to stand in an etching solution at room temperature for 60 minutes, and the salt template and the copper foil were removed to obtain a film-like sample.
  • a 50 ⁇ m thick industrial electrolytic copper foil was used, and the surface impurities were removed by wiping with deionized water and absolute ethanol, followed by drying at room temperature or 80 ° C for use.
  • Sodium carbonate, urea, and glucose are formulated into an aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of sodium carbonate is 100 g ⁇ L -1 , the concentration of urea is 10 g ⁇ L -1 , and the concentration of glucose is 10 g ⁇ L -1 ;
  • the matte side of the copper foil was electrolyzed and subsequently dried at 80 ° C to obtain a precursor.
  • the precursor was placed in a quartz boat, and the quartz boat was placed in the outer region of the furnace of the reaction tube, and argon gas was introduced.
  • the temperature of the furnace was raised to 650 ° C, and the quartz boat was quickly transferred to the constant temperature zone of the furnace for 1 min. Subsequently, the quartz boat was moved to the low temperature zone of the furnace, and the furnace lid was opened, and the sample was cooled to room temperature under argon gas protection.
  • a mixed solution of 1 mol ⁇ L -1 of ferric chloride and 6 mol ⁇ L -1 of hydrochloric acid was placed as an etching solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 at room temperature.
  • the calcined product was allowed to stand in an etching solution at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the salt template and the copper foil were removed to obtain a film-like sample.
  • Industrial electrolytic copper foil with a thickness of 10 um was used, wiped with deionized water and absolute ethanol to remove surface impurities, and then dried at room temperature or 80 ° C for use.
  • Sodium carbonate, urea, and glucose are formulated into an aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of sodium carbonate is 100 g ⁇ L -1 , the concentration of urea is 10 g ⁇ L -1 , and the concentration of glucose is 10 g ⁇ L -1 ;
  • the matte side of the copper foil was electrolyzed and subsequently dried at 60 ° C to obtain a precursor.
  • the precursor was placed in a quartz boat, and the quartz boat was placed in the outer region of the furnace of the reaction tube, and argon gas was introduced.
  • the temperature of the furnace was raised to 650 ° C, and the quartz boat was quickly transferred to the constant temperature zone of the furnace for 1 min. Subsequently, the quartz boat was moved to the low temperature zone of the furnace, and the furnace lid was opened, and the sample was cooled to room temperature under argon gas protection.
  • room temperature according to 5: 1 volume ratio of a mixed solution 1mol ⁇ L -1 arranged ferric chloride and hydrochloric acid as an etching solution 6mol ⁇ L -1.
  • the calcined product was allowed to stand in an etching solution at room temperature for 30 minutes, and the salt template and the copper foil were removed to obtain a film-like sample.
  • a 50 ⁇ m thick industrial electrolytic copper foil was used, and the surface impurities were removed by wiping with deionized water and absolute ethanol, followed by drying at room temperature or 80 ° C for use.
  • Sodium carbonate, urea, and glucose are formulated into an aqueous solution, wherein the concentration of sodium carbonate is 150 g ⁇ L -1 , the concentration of urea is 20 g ⁇ L -1 , and the concentration of glucose is 20 g ⁇ L -1 ;
  • the matte side of the copper foil was electrolyzed and subsequently dried at 100 ° C to obtain a precursor.
  • the precursor was placed in a quartz boat, and the quartz boat was placed in the outer region of the furnace of the reaction tube, and argon gas was introduced.
  • the temperature of the furnace was raised to 550 ° C, and the quartz boat was quickly transferred to the constant temperature zone of the furnace for 5 minutes. Subsequently, the quartz boat was moved to the low temperature zone of the furnace, and the furnace lid was opened, and the sample was cooled to room temperature under argon gas protection.
  • a mixed solution of 1 mol ⁇ L -1 of ferric chloride and 6 mol ⁇ L -1 of hydrochloric acid was placed as an etching solution at a volume ratio of 1:1 at room temperature.
  • the calcined product was allowed to stand in an etching solution at room temperature for 60 minutes, and the salt template and the copper foil were removed to obtain a film-like sample.

Abstract

一种制备石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜的方法，包括：将碳酸钠，尿素，葡萄糖配制成水溶液；将所得溶液均匀涂覆于电解铜箔毛面，干燥后得到前驱体；在炉膛内通入保护气并使炉温升至550‑800℃，将制得的前驱体置于炉膛内，保温0.5‑5min；随后，将煅烧后的产物移至低温区，在氩气保护下使其降至室温；制备氯化铁盐酸腐蚀液，将制得的煅烧后的产物在室温下静置于腐蚀液中，去除盐模板与铜箔，得到薄膜状样品，对其清洗去除腐蚀液成分后再进行干燥处理，得到石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜。

Description

一种制备石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜的方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜的方法，属于纳米材料的制备技术领域。
背景技术
多孔碳材料因具有比表面积大，孔结构丰富等优点，在各个领域得到了广泛应用。特别是电化学储能应用中，时常能看到多孔碳的身影。然而，单一种类的碳材料往往无法同时满足储能器件对电极的各种要求。比如，锂离子电池的负极材料还需要满足活性位点多，与集流体良好接触等要求。石墨烯具有导电性好和力学强度高的特性，但其存在的容易堆叠，高质量样品难以获得等不足之处极大掣肘了其实际应用。如果能最大限度整合两种碳材料的优势，制备得到杂化碳材料，势必可以提升二者的应用前景。但是，如何将石墨烯与多孔碳相结合的问题一直以来都没有得到很好的解决。
另一方面，常规方法制备得到的碳材料往往呈现粉末状。为了使其应用于锂离子电池负极或超级电容器电极中，需要使用诸如聚四氟乙烯等高分子粘结剂对粉末进行粘合。这些粘结剂的存在无形中提高了电极材料的内阻，不利于碳材料电化学性能的充分发挥。因此，制备具有无粘结剂的自支撑结构碳材料成了当下的研究热点。现有技术制备碳自支撑薄膜材料的方法主要是化学气相沉积技术。在催化剂的作用下，使用甲烷等气态碳源制备碳材料。这一技术制备的碳薄膜比表面低，孔隙率不易控制，而且，成本高，产量低，又存在催化剂难以去除等问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明拟解决的技术问题是，提供一种过程简单、成本低廉、可控性好的制备石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜方法。本发明利用固态碳源在电解铜箔基体上直接生长的方法得到石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜材料，所得材料呈现石墨烯与多孔碳相结合的二元层状结构，具有比表面积大，孔结构丰富，活性位点多等特性，且材料整体具备一定的力学强度，可实现无粘结剂的自支撑。本发明的技术方案如下：
一种制备石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜的方法，包括下列步骤：
1)选取电解铜箔；
2)将碳酸钠，尿素，葡萄糖配制成水溶液，其中碳酸钠的浓度为50～200g·L-1，尿素的浓度为10～50g·L-1，葡萄糖的浓度为10～50g·L-1；将所得溶液均匀涂覆于电解铜箔毛面，干燥后得到前驱体；
3)在炉膛内通入保护气并使炉温升至550-800℃，将步骤2制得的前驱体置于炉膛内，保温0.5-5min；随后，将煅烧后的产物移至低温区，在氩气保护下使其降至室温；
4)制备氯化铁盐酸腐蚀液，将步骤3制得的煅烧后的产物在室温下静置于腐蚀液中，去除盐模板与铜箔，得到薄膜状样品，对其清洗去除腐蚀液成分后再进行干燥处理，得到得到石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜。
其中，按照(0.5～5):1的体积比配制1mol·L-1氯化铁与6mol·L-1盐酸的混合溶液作为腐蚀液。
与现有技术相比，本发明方法具有以下优势：(1)利用碳酸钠为模板，可以廉价高效地制备出比表面 积大、孔结构丰富的三维多孔碳；(2)尿素的存在可以在碳中掺杂进一定量的氮原子，从而增加结构中的活性位点；(3)利用铜箔的催化性，生长出高质量的石墨烯，该石墨烯层作为增强层，提高了三维多孔碳的力学稳定性和导电性；(4)材料整体很薄并具有自支撑的优势；(5)成体工艺简单，原料易于获得，可实现工业化推广应用。
附图说明
图1为实施例一中本发明所用电解铜箔毛面的SEM图像；
图2为实施例一中本发明所制备的石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜侧视图SEM图像；
图3为实施例一中本发明所制备的石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜顶部多孔碳SEM图像；
图4为实施例一中本发明所制备的石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜底部石墨烯SEM图像；
图5为实施例一中本发明所制备的石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜光学图像；
图6为实施例二中本发明所制备的石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜SEM图像；
图7为实施例三中本发明所制备的石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜SEM图像；
图8为实施例四中本发明所制备的石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜SEM图像；
具体实施方式
本发明的技术路线如下：
1)铜箔预处理
选用10-50um厚度的工业电解铜箔，使用去离子水和无水乙醇擦拭，去除表面杂质，之后在室温或者80℃的条件下干燥备用。
2)前驱体的制备
将碳酸钠，尿素，葡萄糖配制成水溶液，其中碳酸钠的浓度为50～200g·L-1，尿素的浓度为10～50g·L-1，葡萄糖的浓度为10～50g·L-1；将所得溶液均匀涂覆于电解铜箔毛面，随后进行在60～100℃干燥，得到前驱体。
3)碳源碳化与石墨烯生成
将步骤2制得的前驱体放入石英舟中，将石英舟置于反应管炉膛外部区域，通入氩气。此时将炉温升至550-800℃。待温度到达指定值时，迅速将石英舟转移至炉体恒温区，保温0.5-5min。随后，将石英舟移动至炉膛低温区，并将炉盖打开，在氩气保护下将样品降至室温。
4)盐模板与金属基体的移除
在室温下按照(0.5～5):1的体积比配置1mol·L-1氯化铁与6mol·L-1盐酸的混合溶液作为腐蚀液。将步骤3制得的煅烧后的产物在室温下静置于腐蚀液中10-60分钟，去除盐模板与铜箔，得到薄膜状样品。将其转移到平整石英或玻璃基体上，并用去离子水浸泡清洗，去除残料的腐蚀液成分。随后在80℃条件下干燥5-12h，得到得到石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜。
下面结合实施例对本发明进行说明。
实施例1
选用20um厚度的工业电解铜箔，使用去离子水和无水乙醇擦拭，去除表面杂质，之后在室温或者80℃的条件下干燥备用。将碳酸钠，尿素，葡萄糖配制成水溶液，其中碳酸钠的浓度为200g·L-1，尿素 的浓度为10g·L-1，葡萄糖的浓度为10g·L-1；将所得溶液均匀涂覆于电解铜箔毛面，随后进行在80℃干燥，得到前驱体。将前驱体放入石英舟中，将石英舟置于反应管炉膛外部区域，通入氩气。此时将炉温升至700℃，迅速将石英舟转移至炉体恒温区，保温0.5min。随后，将石英舟移动至炉膛低温区，并将炉盖打开，在氩气保护下将样品降至室温。在室温下按照0.5:1的体积比配置1mol·L-1氯化铁与6mol·L-1盐酸的混合溶液作为腐蚀液。将煅烧后的产物在室温下静置于腐蚀液中60分钟，去除盐模板与铜箔，得到薄膜状样品。将其转移到平整石英上，并用去离子水浸泡清洗，去除残料的腐蚀液成分。随后在80℃条件下干燥12h，得到得到石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜。
实施例2
选用50um厚度的工业电解铜箔，使用去离子水和无水乙醇擦拭，去除表面杂质，之后在室温或者80℃的条件下干燥备用。将碳酸钠，尿素，葡萄糖配制成水溶液，其中碳酸钠的浓度为100g·L-1，尿素的浓度为10g·L-1，葡萄糖的浓度为10g·L-1；将所得溶液均匀涂覆于电解铜箔毛面，随后进行在80℃干燥，得到前驱体。将前驱体放入石英舟中，将石英舟置于反应管炉膛外部区域，通入氩气。此时将炉温升至650℃，迅速将石英舟转移至炉体恒温区，保温1min。随后，将石英舟移动至炉膛低温区，并将炉盖打开，在氩气保护下将样品降至室温。在室温下按照1:1的体积比配置1mol·L-1氯化铁与6mol·L-1盐酸的混合溶液作为腐蚀液。将煅烧后的产物在室温下静置于腐蚀液中30分钟，去除盐模板与铜箔，得到薄膜状样品。将其转移到平整石英上，并用去离子水浸泡清洗，去除残料的腐蚀液成分。随后在80℃条件下干燥5h，得到得到石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜。
实施例3
选用10um厚度的工业电解铜箔，使用去离子水和无水乙醇擦拭，去除表面杂质，之后在室温或者80℃的条件下干燥备用。将碳酸钠，尿素，葡萄糖配制成水溶液，其中碳酸钠的浓度为100g·L-1，尿素的浓度为10g·L-1，葡萄糖的浓度为10g·L-1；将所得溶液均匀涂覆于电解铜箔毛面，随后进行在60℃干燥，得到前驱体。将前驱体放入石英舟中，将石英舟置于反应管炉膛外部区域，通入氩气。此时将炉温升至650℃，迅速将石英舟转移至炉体恒温区，保温1min。随后，将石英舟移动至炉膛低温区，并将炉盖打开，在氩气保护下将样品降至室温。在室温下按照5:1的体积比配置1mol·L-1氯化铁与6mol·L-1盐酸的混合溶液作为腐蚀液。将煅烧后的产物在室温下静置于腐蚀液中30分钟，去除盐模板与铜箔，得到薄膜状样品。将其转移到平整石英上，并用去离子水浸泡清洗，去除残料的腐蚀液成分。随后在80℃条件下干燥10h，得到得到石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜。
实施例4
选用50um厚度的工业电解铜箔，使用去离子水和无水乙醇擦拭，去除表面杂质，之后在室温或者80℃的条件下干燥备用。将碳酸钠，尿素，葡萄糖配制成水溶液，其中碳酸钠的浓度为150g·L-1，尿素的浓度为20g·L-1，葡萄糖的浓度为20g·L-1；将所得溶液均匀涂覆于电解铜箔毛面，随后进行在100℃干燥，得到前驱体。将前驱体放入石英舟中，将石英舟置于反应管炉膛外部区域，通入氩气。此时将炉温升至550℃，迅速将石英舟转移至炉体恒温区，保温5min。随后，将石英舟移动至炉膛低温区，并将炉盖打开，在氩气保护下将样品降至室温。在室温下按照1:1的体积比配置1mol·L-1氯化铁与6mol·L-1盐酸的混合溶液作为腐蚀液。将煅烧后的产物在室温下静置于腐蚀液中60分钟，去除盐模板与铜箔，得到薄膜状样品。将其转移到平整石英上，并用去离子水浸泡清洗，去除残料的腐蚀液成分。随后在80℃条件下干燥6h，得到得到石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜。

Claims (2)

  1. 一种制备石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜的方法，包括下列步骤：
    1)选取电解铜箔；
    2)将碳酸钠，尿素，葡萄糖配制成水溶液，其中碳酸钠的浓度为50～200g·L-1，尿素的浓度为10～50g·L-1，葡萄糖的浓度为10～50g·L-1；将所得溶液均匀涂覆于电解铜箔毛面，干燥后得到前驱体；
    3)在炉膛内通入保护气并使炉温升至550-800℃，将步骤2制得的前驱体置于炉膛内，保温0.5-5min；随后，将煅烧后的产物移至低温区，在氩气保护下使其降至室温；
    4)制备氯化铁盐酸腐蚀液，将步骤3制得的煅烧后的产物在室温下静置于腐蚀液中，去除盐模板与铜箔，得到薄膜状样品，对其清洗去除腐蚀液成分后再进行干燥处理，得到得到石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的制备石墨烯增强三维多孔碳自支撑薄膜的方法，其特征在于，按照(0.5～5):1的体积比配制1mol·L-1氯化铁与6mol·L-1盐酸的混合溶液作为腐蚀液。
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