WO2018117105A1 - 蓄電素子の管理装置、蓄電装置、太陽光発電システム、劣化量の推定方法およびコンピュータプログラム - Google Patents
蓄電素子の管理装置、蓄電装置、太陽光発電システム、劣化量の推定方法およびコンピュータプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- temperature
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- storage element
- deterioration
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- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 203
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 title claims description 10
- 238000009529 body temperature measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 62
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 41
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 24
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 11
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000036962 time dependent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910013275 LiMPO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011149 active material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K lithium iron phosphate Chemical compound [Li+].[Fe+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O GELKBWJHTRAYNV-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012806 monitoring device Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/3644—Constructional arrangements
- G01R31/3648—Constructional arrangements comprising digital calculation means, e.g. for performing an algorithm
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/486—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/005—Detection of state of health [SOH]
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
- H02J7/00714—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current
- H02J7/00716—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters in response to battery charging or discharging current in response to integrated charge or discharge current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/32—Electrical components comprising DC/AC inverter means associated with the PV module itself, e.g. AC modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
- H02S40/30—Electrical components
- H02S40/38—Energy storage means, e.g. batteries, structurally associated with PV modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
- H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0047—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with monitoring or indicating devices or circuits
- H02J7/0048—Detection of remaining charge capacity or state of charge [SOC]
- H02J7/0049—Detection of fully charged condition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
- H02J7/35—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering with light sensitive cells
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the technology disclosed in this specification relates to a storage element management device, a storage device, a solar power generation system, a deterioration amount estimation method, and a computer program.
- Secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries have a full charge capacity that gradually decreases from the initial value over time.
- cycle deterioration due to repeated charging and discharging and deterioration with time due to the passage of time after manufacture are known.
- a method (formula model) for estimating the amount of deterioration that is the amount of decrease in the full charge capacity due to deterioration over time a root rule is known in which the actual use of the secondary battery decreases in proportion to the 1/2 power of the elapsed time. Therefore, the amount of deterioration of the secondary battery is estimated by this route rule.
- Patent Document 1 As a deterioration estimation apparatus using such a technique, one described in Japanese Patent No. 5382208 (Patent Document 1 below) is known.
- the device equipped with the above-described deterioration estimation device When the device equipped with the above-described deterioration estimation device is turned off in order to suppress the discharge of the secondary battery, when power is not supplied to the deterioration estimation device, in the deterioration estimation device, The amount of deterioration cannot be calculated, and the capacity estimation accuracy of the full charge capacity is lowered. In addition, when the power of the deterioration estimation device is forcibly turned off due to a trouble or the like, the amount of deterioration calculated up to then is lost, so that the capacity estimation accuracy of the full charge capacity is lowered.
- the technology disclosed in this specification is a storage element management device that estimates the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity of a storage element, and the storage element in a power supply state in which power is supplied to the management device
- a measuring unit that measures the temperature of the power supply, a time measuring unit that measures a time in which power is not supplied to the management device, and a control unit, and the control unit is configured to supply no power to the power storage element.
- Interpolation is performed based on the first temperature measured immediately before entering the state and the second temperature measured first after the power storage element returns to the power supply state, and the second temperature is measured from the time of the first temperature measurement.
- the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity is estimated based on the determined temperature.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart of a temporal deterioration estimation process in the first embodiment.
- Graph showing the degradation rate coefficient over time A graph showing the transition of battery temperature over time when the battery temperature in the unmeasured time is linearly complemented The flowchart figure of the OFF period deterioration estimation process in Embodiment 1.
- the graph which showed time transition of the battery temperature after electricity supply concerning Embodiment 2 The graph which showed the time transition of the battery temperature at the time of complementing the battery temperature in unmeasured time in Embodiment 2 with an exp function model The flowchart figure of the off period deterioration estimation process in Embodiment 2.
- the graph which showed the time transition of the full charge capacity of the assembled battery in Embodiment 1 The graph which showed the time transition of the full charge capacity of the assembled battery in Embodiment 2.
- the graph which showed the time transition of the full charge capacity of the assembled battery in Embodiment 3 The graph which showed time transition of the full charge capacity of an assembled battery in Embodiment 4
- the storage element management device that estimates the amount of degradation of the full charge capacity of the storage element includes a measurement unit that measures the temperature of the storage element when the power is supplied to the management device, and the management device A time-counting unit that counts the time during which no power is supplied to the power source, and a control unit.
- the control unit performs interpolation based on a first temperature measured immediately before the power storage element enters a power supply non-supply state and a second temperature measured first after the power storage element returns to the power supply state. And determining the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity based on the determined temperature by determining the temperature of the power storage element from the time of the first temperature measurement to the time of the second temperature measurement.
- Interpolation includes linear interpolation (linear interpolation), polynomial interpolation, curve interpolation such as higher order functions and trigonometric functions, and zero order function (step function) interpolation.
- the power storage device includes a power storage element and a management device for the power storage element.
- the photovoltaic power generation system includes a photovoltaic power generation device that converts light into electric power and outputs the power, a power conditioner that converts a direct current generated by the photovoltaic power generation device into an alternating current, and the power storage device.
- the estimation method of the deterioration amount for estimating the deterioration amount of the full charge capacity in the power storage element includes the first temperature measured immediately before the power storage element is in a power supply non-supply state, and the first time when the power storage element returns to the power supply state. And interpolating based on the measured second temperature, and determining the temperature of the storage element from the time of the first temperature measurement to the time of the second temperature measurement, thereby satisfying the determined temperature. Estimate the amount of charge capacity degradation.
- the computer program for estimating the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity in the power storage element is measured first when the power storage element returns to the power supply state and the first temperature measured immediately before the power storage element enters the power supply non-supply state.
- the computer is caused to execute a temperature determination step for determining the temperature of the element and an estimation step for estimating the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity based on the determined temperature.
- the inventors have increased the estimation error of the full charge capacity in the power storage element due to the fact that the measurement unit cannot measure the temperature of the power storage element during the period when the power is not supplied to the management device. Focused on doing. Then, the inventors determine the temperature of the power storage element from the first temperature measurement to the second temperature measurement based on the first temperature and the second temperature in the measurement unit, and based on the determined temperature It was found that the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity was estimated. By interpolating the temperature of the electricity storage element from the time of the first temperature measurement to the time of the second temperature measurement, it is possible to estimate the full charge capacity without storing the environmental temperature in advance or acquiring temperature information from the outside. Can be suppressed.
- the controller determines a temperature for each predetermined sampling time in a time from the first temperature measurement to the second temperature measurement, and a deterioration amount for each predetermined sampling time based on the temperature for each predetermined sampling time
- the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity may be estimated by determining
- the estimation of the deterioration amount of the power storage element based on the temperature for each predetermined sampling time is calculated based on the deterioration amount of the power storage element based on the predetermined sampling time estimated immediately before the first temperature measurement.
- the controller may determine the temperature for each predetermined sampling time on the assumption that the temperature of the power storage element changes in a curve with respect to time from the time of the first temperature measurement to the time of the second temperature measurement.
- the present inventors have studied the change in the temperature of the storage element after energization of the storage element, and the storage element temperature changes in a curved line (other than when the power is not supplied to the management device). , Including the case of rising from the storage element and the surrounding situation).
- the control unit calculates an average temperature of the temperature at the time of the second temperature measurement and the temperature at the time of the first temperature measurement from the temperature of the power storage element in a time from the time of the first temperature measurement to the time of the second temperature measurement.
- the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity may be estimated.
- the control unit sets a higher temperature of the temperature at the second temperature measurement or the temperature at the first temperature measurement to a value of the power storage element in a time from the first temperature measurement to the second temperature measurement.
- the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity may be estimated as the temperature.
- the deterioration amount of the full charge capacity can be estimated by only one calculation while preventing the deterioration amount of the full charge capacity from being estimated less than the actual amount.
- FIG. 1 shows a solar power generation system PS that uses solar light as an electromotive force
- the solar power generation system PS includes a photovoltaic power generation device PV, a power conditioner PC, and a power storage device 10. ing.
- the photovoltaic device PV converts light into electric power by the photovoltaic effect and outputs it, and generates a direct current.
- the power conditioner PC converts the direct current generated by the photovoltaic power generator PV into an alternating current.
- a load E such as an electric appliance is connected to the photovoltaic power generation device PV via the power conditioner PC.
- the power storage device 10 includes an assembled battery 20, a battery management device (an example of “management device”, hereinafter referred to as “BMU”) 30, a current detection resistor 50, a current interruption device 51, And a temperature sensor (an example of a “measurement unit”) 52.
- BMU battery management device
- a current detection resistor 50 an example of “management device”
- a current interruption device 51 an example of a “measurement unit”
- the assembled battery 20, the current detection resistor 50, and the current interrupt device 51 are connected in series via the energization path L.
- the assembled battery 20 has a positive electrode side connected to the positive electrode terminal portion 12P via the current interrupt device 51, and a negative electrode side connected to the negative electrode terminal portion 12N via the current detection resistor 50.
- the assembled battery 20 includes a plurality of (four in this embodiment) power storage elements 21 connected in series using, for example, a graphite-based negative electrode active material and an iron phosphate-based positive electrode active material such as lithium iron phosphate.
- the positive electrode active material may be a two-phase coexistence type active material.
- the positive electrode active material is a material represented by the general formula LiMPO 4 , and M may be any one of Fe, Mn, Cr, Co, Ni, V, Mo, and Mg. It is not limited.
- the negative electrode active material is any one of graphite, graphitizable carbon, non-graphitizable carbon, and the like.
- the current detection resistor 50 is a resistor that detects the current of the current path L, and outputs the voltage across the current detection resistor 50 to the BMU 30.
- the current interrupt device 51 includes a semiconductor switch or a relay such as an N-channel FET. The current interrupt device 51 operates in response to a drive command from the BMU 30 and interrupts energization between the assembled battery 20 and the positive terminal portion 12P.
- the temperature sensor 52 is a contact type or non-contact type, and is connected to the BMU 30, measures the temperature [° C.] of the assembled battery 20, and outputs it to the BMU 30.
- the BMU 30 includes a voltage detection circuit 31, a central processing unit CPU (an example of a “control unit”) 33, a memory 34, a current detection circuit 35, and a timer 36.
- the BMU 30 is connected to the energization path L via a power line L2 connected between the positive terminal portion 12P and the current interrupt device 51 and a power line L3 connected between the assembled battery 20 and the current detection resistor 50. By being connected, power is supplied from the assembled battery 20.
- the current interrupt device 51 interrupts the energization between the assembled battery 20 and the positive electrode terminal portion 12P, no power is supplied to the BMU 30.
- the current interrupting device 51 passes through the BMU 30 in accordance with turning off the power of the solar power generation system PS. Turn off the power.
- the electric current interruption apparatus 51 is switched to an energized state through BMU30 with the electric power supplied from power conditioner PC.
- the voltage detection circuit 31 is connected to both ends of each power storage element 21 via a plurality (five in this embodiment) of cell voltage detection lines L1, and the cell voltage of each power storage element 21 and the battery pack 20 The battery voltage is output to the CPU 33.
- the memory 34 is a non-volatile memory such as a flash memory or an EEPROM.
- the memory 34 stores various programs for managing each storage element 21 or the assembled battery 20, data necessary for executing the various programs (for example, OCV-SOC correlation and initial actual capacity of the assembled battery 20), and the like. Yes.
- the current detection circuit 35 is configured to receive the voltage across the current detection resistor 50, and based on the voltage across the current detection resistor 50 and the resistance value of the current detection resistor 50, the current detection circuit 35 calculates the current flowing through the energization path L. Calculate and output to the CPU 33.
- the time measuring unit 36 measures time.
- the timer 36 measures the temperature measurement time by the temperature sensor 52 and the time difference between the temperature measurements and outputs them to the CPU 33.
- a backup power source (not shown) composed of a capacitor or the like is connected to the timer 36, and even when the current interrupting device 51 interrupts the energization between the assembled battery 20 and the positive terminal 12P, the time is continuously set. It can be timed.
- the CPU 33 monitors and controls each unit based on the received various information and the program read from the memory 34.
- an assembled battery has a reduced full charge capacity due to cycle deterioration due to repeated charge and discharge and deterioration with time due to elapsed time after manufacture.
- the full charge capacity is a capacity that can be taken out from a state in which the assembled battery is fully charged.
- An example of the cause of deterioration with time is that the SEI (Solid-electrolyte-interface) film formed on the negative electrode of the lithium ion secondary battery grows and becomes thicker with the passage of time after manufacture.
- the root rule is a law in which the reduction amount (deterioration amount) Q of the full charge capacity is proportional to the route (for example, the square root) of the elapsed time Ti, which is the time elapsed by leaving the battery.
- FIG. 3 shows a temporal transition of the degradation amount Q of the full charge capacity when the battery pack is left after the power is turned off after the battery pack 20 is energized.
- FIG. 3 is a Q-Ti correlation graph in which the vertical axis indicates the amount of deterioration Q of the full charge capacity and the horizontal axis indicates the elapsed time Ti due to the battery being left.
- the capacity change curves R1 and R2 representing the time transition of the deterioration amount Q of the full charge capacity are route curves with respect to the elapsed time Ti.
- the solid line R1 in FIG. 3 is set to have a lower battery temperature than the broken line R2. As shown in FIG. 3, the deterioration amount Q increases as the battery temperature increases.
- the horizontal axis represents the route of the elapsed time Ti due to the battery being left.
- the deterioration amount Q of the full charge capacity is proportional to the elapsed time Ti due to the battery being left, and the transition of the full charge capacity of the assembled battery 20 is a linear capacity. It is expressed as a change line (deterioration rate coefficient) k.
- the deterioration rate coefficient k can be expressed as the following Arrhenius reaction rate equation (1), where Ea is the active energy, A is the frequency factor, R is the gas constant, and Te is the absolute temperature. it can.
- FIG. 5 is a k-SOC correlation graph in which the vertical axis represents the degradation rate coefficient k and the horizontal axis represents the SOC.
- a solid line k35 shows the relationship between the deterioration rate coefficient and the SOC when the battery temperature is 35 [° C.].
- the broken line k25 indicates the relationship between the deterioration rate coefficient and the SOC when the battery temperature is 25 [° C.]
- the alternate long and short dash line k10 indicates the relationship between the deterioration rate coefficient and the SOC when the battery temperature is 10 [° C.]. .
- the deterioration rate coefficient k is obtained from the battery temperature before the temperature change of the assembled battery 20 and the battery temperature after the temperature change.
- Ti is the elapsed time that the assembled battery 20 has been left since the previous measurement
- Qn is the amount of deterioration of the assembled battery 20 at the end point of the elapsed time Ti (current amount of deterioration of the assembled battery 20)
- Qn ⁇ 1 is The deterioration amount of the assembled battery 20 at the start point of the elapsed time Ti (the deterioration amount of the assembled battery 20 when estimated last time)
- FIG. 4 is a Q- ⁇ time correlation graph with the vertical axis representing the full charge capacity degradation amount Q and the horizontal axis representing the time root, where kn ⁇ 1 is the degradation rate coefficient during the previous measurement.
- the current deterioration amount Qn of the assembled battery 20 can be estimated by adding the deterioration amount at the current elapsed time Ti to the previous deterioration amount Qn ⁇ 1. Then, the full charge capacity of the assembled battery 20 at the present time can be calculated by dividing the amount of deterioration with time calculated by the expression (3) from the initial battery capacity and the separately determined cycle deterioration amount.
- the CPU 33 determines whether the battery pack 20 has deteriorated over time based on the temperature input from the temperature sensor 52 and the time measuring unit 36 constantly or periodically, the elapsed time from the previous battery temperature measurement, and the SOC.
- a temporal deterioration estimation process for estimating the total deterioration amount ⁇ Q is executed.
- the battery temperature of the assembled battery 20 and the elapsed time Ti from the previous battery temperature measurement are constantly or periodically input from the temperature sensor 52 and the time measuring unit 36 to the CPU 33, and the battery at the previous battery temperature measurement is obtained.
- the voltage and the battery voltage at the time of the current battery temperature measurement are input from the voltage detection circuit 31 to the CPU 33.
- the elapsed time Ti the start point temperature Ti1 at the start point (during the previous measurement) of the elapsed time Ti, the end point temperature Ti2 at the end point (during the current measurement), and the battery voltages V1, V2 at the start point and end point
- the process is executed based on the above.
- the CPU 33 calculates the starting point SOC and the ending point SOC from the starting point and ending point battery voltages V1, V2 based on the OCV-SOC correlation stored in the memory 34, and corresponds to each calculated SOC (2).
- Expression is selected (S11). It should be noted that the selection of the formula (2) corresponding to each SOC is performed by previously obtaining the formula (2) for each 10% SOC in the range of 0% to 100% of the SOC using FIG. When the start point SOC and the end point SOC are calculated, they are selected from the memory 34.
- start point deterioration rate coefficient k1 is calculated based on the formula (2) selected by the start point SOC and the start point temperature Ti1
- end point is calculated based on the formula (2) selected by the end point SOC and the end point temperature Ti2.
- a deterioration rate coefficient k2 is calculated (S12).
- the deterioration rate coefficient ku at the elapsed time Ti is calculated by the following equation (4) (S13).
- SOC1 is the start point SOC
- SOC2 is the end point SOC
- SOCu is the SOC during the elapsed time Ti.
- the assembled battery 20 is obtained by adding the deterioration amount at the current elapsed time Ti to the previous deterioration amount Qn ⁇ 1 according to the above equation (3). Is estimated (S14).
- the full charge capacity of the battery 20 can be calculated. Then, the full charge capacity of the assembled battery 20 can be estimated by periodically repeating this deterioration with time estimation process.
- the power source of the solar power generation system PS in order to suppress discharge of the assembled battery 20 in the power storage device 10, the power source of the solar power generation system PS is turned off, and accordingly, the power of the BMU 30 in the power storage device 10 is supplied. The power is not supplied. Then, the BMU 30 cannot perform the temporal deterioration estimation process during the period when the power is not supplied. That is, there is a concern that the capacity estimation accuracy of the full charge capacity may be lowered.
- the final temperature Tf (an example of “second temperature”) Tf at the final measurement immediately before the BMU 30 enters the power supply non-supply state, and the power supply of the BMU 30 returns to the power supply state first.
- a linear interpolation (an example of “interpolation”) is performed on the battery temperature at, and the battery temperature at a predetermined sampling time is estimated to estimate the amount of deterioration at each predetermined sampling time, and thus the total amount of deterioration ⁇ Q over time during the unmeasured time Tb.
- An off-period deterioration estimation process for estimating The acquisition of the initial temperature Ts and the final temperature Tf corresponds to the acquisition step, and the linear interpolation of the battery temperature at the unmeasured time Tb based on the unmeasured time Tb from the initial measurement to the final measurement corresponds to the interpolation step.
- the estimation of the battery temperature for each predetermined sampling time corresponds to the temperature determination step, and the estimation of the deterioration amount for each predetermined sampling time, and hence the total deterioration amount ⁇ Q for the deterioration over time during the unmeasured time Tb, corresponds to the estimation step.
- the off period deterioration estimation process will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the CPU 33 first interpolates the battery temperature during the unmeasured time Tb with a straight line, assuming that the battery temperature between the final temperature Tf and the initial temperature Ts during the unmeasured time Tb changes linearly. Then, the temperature change amount Tc per unit time in the unmeasured time Tb is calculated (S21).
- the CPU 33 divides the unmeasured time Tb every predetermined sampling time, and based on the temperature change amount Tc per unit time, it is the battery temperature for every predetermined sampling time (Tb1, Tb2,... Tbn).
- a division temperature (Tu1, Tu2,... Tun) is calculated (S22).
- Tb1 represents the first predetermined time obtained by dividing the predetermined time
- Tbn represents the nth predetermined time obtained by dividing the predetermined time.
- the CPU 33 calculates the SOC during the unmeasured time Tb based on the battery voltage at the time of measuring the initial temperature Ts and the OCV-SOC correlation stored in the memory 34, and the above-mentioned corresponding to the calculated SOC.
- An expression is selected (S23).
- the CPU 33 calculates a final coefficient kf which is a deterioration rate coefficient at the final time based on the selected expression (2) and the final temperature Tf, and at the final time in the selected expression (2) and the unmeasured time Tb.
- a first coefficient (deterioration rate coefficient at the division temperature Tu1) k1 is calculated based on the division temperature Tu1 of the predetermined time Tb1 closest to the measurement (S24).
- the CPU 33 calculates the deterioration rate coefficient kf1 in the unmeasured time Tb based on the final coefficient kf and the first coefficient k1 by the above equation (4) (S25). Note that f of the degradation rate coefficient kf1 represents f of the final coefficient kf, and 1 of kf1 represents 1 of the first coefficient k1.
- the amount of deterioration Q1 due to deterioration with time of the assembled battery 20 at the nearest divided temperature Tu1 at the time of the final measurement is calculated by the above equation (3). To do. Thereby, the first deterioration amount Q1 obtained by dividing the unmeasured time Tb at every predetermined sampling time can be obtained. Then, based on the degradation amount Q1, the degradation amount of the full charge capacity is updated to recalculate the SOC during the unmeasured time Tb, and the above equation (2) corresponding to the recalculated SOC is selected. (S26).
- a second coefficient (deterioration rate coefficient at the divided temperature Tu2) k2 is calculated based on the equation (2) selected in S26 and the divided temperature Tu2 at the predetermined time Tb2, and the first divided coefficient k1 is calculated.
- a deterioration rate coefficient k12 in the unmeasured time Tb is calculated.
- the deterioration amount Q2 is calculated.
- the deterioration amount of the full charge capacity is updated to recalculate the SOC during the unmeasured time Tb.
- the deterioration amount (Q1, Q2... Qn) for each predetermined sampling time (Tb1, Tb2,... Tbn) in the unmeasured time Tb is calculated sequentially and calculated as the previous deterioration amount.
- the total deterioration amount ⁇ Q in the deterioration with time of the assembled battery 20 in the unmeasured time Tb is estimated (S26).
- the battery pack including the deterioration over time during the unmeasured time Tb is satisfied.
- the charge capacity can be estimated.
- the full charge capacity of the assembled battery 20 is estimated by adding the deterioration amount during the unmeasured time Tb, which is the period when the power of the BMU 30 is turned off, for example, during the period when the power of the BMU is turned off. It is possible to suppress a decrease in the estimation accuracy of the full charge capacity of the assembled battery 20 as compared with the case where the deterioration amount is not estimated.
- the final temperature Tf at the time of the final measurement immediately before the power of the BMU 30 is turned off and the initial temperature Ts at the time of the first measurement that is first measured after the power is turned back on.
- the division temperature (Tu1, Tu2... Tun) for each predetermined sampling time (Tb1, Tb2... Tbn) in the unmeasured time Tb is determined by linear interpolation (interpolation).
- the division deterioration amount (Q1, Q2... Qn) for each predetermined sampling time is calculated based on the division temperature, and the total deterioration amount ⁇ Q of deterioration over time in the unmeasured time Tb is estimated.
- the temperature for each predetermined sampling time can be determined without previously storing the environmental temperature or acquiring temperature information from the outside.
- the total deterioration amount ⁇ Q in the deterioration with time of the assembled battery 20 is estimated, for example, unmeasured Compared with the case where the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity over the entire time is estimated collectively, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the estimation accuracy of the total amount of deterioration ⁇ Q of the assembled battery 20 during the unmeasured time Tb. As a result, the estimation accuracy of the full charge capacity of the assembled battery 20 can be improved.
- Embodiment 2 will be described with reference to FIGS.
- the steps of the off-period deterioration estimation process in the first embodiment are partially changed, and the configuration, operation, and effect common to the first embodiment are duplicated, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the same reference numerals are used for the same configurations as those in the first embodiment.
- the present inventors paid attention to the fact that the assembled battery 20 being energized is heated by electric power, the battery temperature rises higher than the environmental temperature, and the battery temperature falls to the environmental temperature when the power is turned off. Then, the present inventors have found that the battery temperature decrease immediately after power-off changes to a concave exp-function curve instead of a straight line, as shown in FIGS.
- the graph of FIG. 12 is a graph showing the correlation between the battery temperature after energization and the time transition with the battery temperature on the vertical axis and the time on the horizontal axis, and the solid line Texp is the battery temperature time interpolated by the exp function model.
- the broken line Torg indicates the temporal transition (true value) of the actual battery temperature.
- the final temperature Tf at the final measurement immediately before the power of the BMU 30 is turned off, and the initial temperature at the first measurement that is first measured in a state where the power of the BMU 30 is turned back on.
- Ts the temperature transition during the unmeasured time Tb is modeled by the exp function shown below, and the battery temperature at the unmeasured time Tb is complemented by a concave curve as shown in FIG.
- the CPU 33 first determines the battery temperature between the final temperature Tf and the initial temperature Ts in the unmeasured time Tb based on the final temperature Tf and the initial temperature Ts as shown in FIG. Then, an exp temperature model in which the temperature is reduced and changed in a concave shape is constructed (S31).
- the exp temperature model is a temperature model that represents a temperature change with respect to a time from when the power is turned off to when the power is turned on to return, where y is a temperature and x is a time. )
- the exp temperature model is obtained from the equation.
- the temperature and time when the power source is turned off are defined as temperature T1 and time t1
- the temperature and time when the power source is turned on and restored are defined as time t2 and temperature T2.
- the CPU 33 divides the unmeasured time Tb every predetermined sampling time, and the divided temperature (T1, T2... Tn), which is the battery temperature every predetermined sampling time (Tb1, Tb2... Tbn), It is calculated by the equation (5-1), which is an exp temperature model (S32).
- the CPU 33 executes S33 to S36 of FIG. 14 as in the first embodiment.
- the temperature transition during the unmeasured time Tb is expressed by the expression (5-1) of the exp function in which the battery temperature decrease immediately after power-off is not a straight line but a concave curve.
- the full charge capacity is estimated, for example, compared to the case of linearly interpolating the unit temperature for each predetermined sampling time during the unmeasured time. A decrease in accuracy can be further suppressed.
- a time change from the storage element or system ambient temperature, usage history, season, place, time information, etc. to the second temperature may be predicted, and an optimal fitting function may be selected and interpolated.
- Embodiment 3 will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 to 16.
- the steps of the off-period deterioration estimation process in the first embodiment are partly changed, and the configuration, operation, and effect common to the first embodiment are duplicated, and thus the description thereof is omitted.
- the same reference numerals are used for the same configurations as those in the first embodiment.
- the final temperature Tf at the time of final measurement just before the power of the BMU 30 is turned off and the state in which the power of the BMU 30 is turned back on are first measured.
- the average temperature Tm with the initial temperature Ts at the initial measurement is supplemented as the battery temperature of the assembled battery 20 in the unmeasured time Tb.
- an off-period deterioration estimation process is performed for estimating the battery temperature at every predetermined sampling time and thereby estimating the deterioration amount at every predetermined sampling time, and thus the total deterioration amount over time during the unmeasured time Tb.
- the CPU 33 first calculates an average temperature Tm between the final temperature Tf and the initial temperature Ts in the unmeasured time Tb (S41).
- the CPU 33 calculates the SOC during the unmeasured time Tb based on the battery voltage at the time of measuring the initial temperature Ts and the OCV-SOC correlation stored in the memory 34, and the above-mentioned corresponding to the calculated SOC.
- a formula is selected (S42). Then, an average coefficient km, which is a deterioration temperature coefficient of the average temperature Tm, is calculated based on the selected equation (2) and the average temperature Tm (S43).
- the deterioration amount Q of the deterioration of the assembled battery 20 over time during the unmeasured time Tb can be calculated by one calculation, for example, the power supply of the BMU is turned off.
- the final temperature and the initial temperature may be averaged (weighted average) in consideration of the weight.
- the weighting method may be determined from the ambient temperature of the storage element or system, usage history, season, location, time information, and the like.
- the measurement is first performed in the final temperature Tf at the time of the final measurement immediately before the power of the BMU 30 is turned off and in the state where the power of the BMU 30 is turned back on.
- the battery temperature that is higher than the initial temperature Ts at the time of the initial measurement is supplemented as the battery temperature of the assembled battery 20 at the unmeasured time Tb.
- an off-period deterioration estimation process is performed for estimating the battery temperature at every predetermined sampling time and thereby estimating the deterioration amount at every predetermined sampling time, and thus the total deterioration amount over time during the unmeasured time Tb.
- the CPU 33 first compares the final temperature Tf and the initial temperature Ts at the unmeasured time Tb, and sets the higher battery temperature as the unmeasured battery temperature Tu during the unmeasured time Tb (S51). ).
- the CPU 33 calculates the SOC during the unmeasured time Tb based on the battery voltage at the time of measuring the initial temperature Ts and the OCV-SOC correlation stored in the memory 34, and the above (2) corresponding to the calculated SOC ) Formula is selected (S52).
- the deterioration rate coefficient k is calculated based on the selected expression (2) and the unmeasured battery temperature Tu (S53), and the time-dependent deterioration of the assembled battery 20 in the unmeasured time Tb is calculated according to the above expression (3).
- a total deterioration amount ⁇ Q is calculated (S54).
- the deterioration amount Q of the deterioration of the assembled battery 20 over time during the unmeasured time Tb can be calculated by one calculation, for example, the power supply of the BMU 30 is turned off.
- the power supply of the BMU 30 is turned off.
- the final temperature Tf is compared with the initial temperature Ts, and the higher battery temperature is set as the unmeasured battery temperature Tu during the unmeasured time Tb, so the amount of decrease in the full charge capacity is less than actual. It can be prevented from being estimated.
- FIGS. This example is a graph showing the time transition of the battery capacity of the assembled battery 20 in the first to fourth embodiments.
- FIG. 19 shows the first embodiment
- FIG. 20 shows the second embodiment
- FIG. 21 shows the third embodiment.
- FIG. 22 shows a fourth embodiment.
- the vertical axis represents the battery capacity [Ah] of the assembled battery 20
- the horizontal axis represents time [day].
- the solid line A in each graph is the sum of the separately calculated deterioration amount due to cycle deterioration, the deterioration amount estimated by the temporal deterioration estimation process in the present embodiment, and the deterioration amount estimated by the off-period deterioration estimation process Is the time transition of the deterioration amount in the assembled battery 20
- the broken line B is the time transition of the true deterioration amount in the assembled battery 20
- the two-dot chain line C does not execute the off-period deterioration estimation process (of cycle deterioration)
- This is a temporal transition of the sum of the amount of deterioration and the amount of deterioration in the time-dependent deterioration estimation process.
- the solid line A has a smaller error from the two-dot chain line C than the broken line B in any of the embodiments. ing.
- the error between the estimated value of the full charge capacity and the true value can be calculated by the root mean square error (RMSE) of the following equation (6).
- Qexp (n) is an estimated value of the full charge capacity
- Qorg (n) is a true deterioration amount (true value) of the full charge capacity
- n is the number of samplings. Comparing the results of the respective embodiments, the RMSE when the off-period deterioration estimation process of the present embodiment is not executed is 0.24, but the RMSE when the off-period deterioration estimation process of the first embodiment is executed is 0.24. Is 0.01.
- the RMSE is 0.03, the RMSE of the third embodiment is 0.01, and the RMSE of the fourth embodiment is 0.01.
- the RMSE of the first, third, and fourth embodiments was smaller than that of the second embodiment, but the temperature of the assembled battery 20 gradually changed during the unmeasured time. Therefore, the error (RMSE) of the second embodiment tends to be small.
- the power storage device 10 is applied to the solar power generation system PS.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the power storage device is applied to other equipment and vehicles (automobiles, motorcycles, railway vehicles, industrial vehicles), industrial equipment (aviation, space, marine, harbor use), power supply equipment, etc. May be.
- the deterioration amount of the assembled battery 20 is estimated based on the battery temperature of the assembled battery 20.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a configuration may be adopted in which the element temperature for each power storage element constituting the assembled battery is measured, the amount of deterioration for each power storage element is calculated, and the total amount of deterioration of the assembled battery is calculated.
- the assembled battery 20 is configured by connecting four power storage elements 21 in series.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and three or less power storage elements or five or more power storage elements may be connected in series. Or the structure which made the electrical storage element parallel may be sufficient.
- the power storage device 10 that manages one assembled battery 20 by the battery management device 30 is used.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and a bank may be configured by connecting a plurality of power storage devices each including an assembled battery in which a plurality of power storage elements are connected in series and a battery management device. Another control device that controls the bank may be provided, and the battery management device of the power storage device and the upper control device may share the functions.
- the battery management device may be a simple battery management device (so-called cell monitoring device: CMU) that acquires sensor information and transmits data to a host control device.
- CMU cell monitoring device
- a plurality of banks may be connected in parallel to form a domain.
- Another control device that controls the domain may be provided.
- the BMU 30 is provided in the power storage device 10.
- an output unit may be provided in the power storage device, and the BMU may exist independently outside the power storage device, or the BMU may be incorporated in another control device, or software processing of the control device It may be incorporated in a part of
- the BMU function may not exist in the system.
- the BMU function may be provided to another server or cloud via the communication means from the output unit, and the calculation result or specific output from them.
- the configuration may be such that results (degradation estimation amount, estimated storage capacity, determination result, etc.) are returned to the storage device.
- the CPU 33 of the BMU 30 executes the temporal deterioration estimation process read from the memory 34.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the degradation method of the power storage element may be realized as a computer program and a storage medium storing the computer program.
- the computer program for estimating the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity in the power storage element is measured first when the power storage element returns to the power supply state and the first temperature measured immediately before the power storage element enters the power supply non-supply state. Acquiring the second temperature, interpolating based on the first temperature and the second temperature, and the temperature of the power storage element from the time of the first temperature measurement to the time of the second temperature measurement. And causing the computer to execute a step of estimating the amount of deterioration of the full charge capacity based on the determined temperature.
- a plurality of computers may share and execute the processing steps of the computer program.
- Power storage device 21 Power storage element 30: Battery management device (an example of “management device”) 33: CPU (an example of “control unit”) 36: Timekeeping unit 52: Temperature sensor (an example of “measurement unit”) PC: Power conditioner PV: Photovoltaic generator
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Abstract
Description
最初に測定された第2温度とに基づいて内挿を行い、前記第1温度測定時から前記第2温
度測定時までの前記蓄電素子の温度を決定することにより、決定された温度に基づいて満充電容量の劣化量を推定する。
初めに、本実施形態にて開示する蓄電素子の管理装置、蓄電装置、太陽光発電システム、劣化量の推定方法および劣化量を推定するコンピュータプログラムの概要について説明する。
太陽光発電システムは光を電力に変換して出力する光発電装置と、光発電装置によって発電した直流電流を交流電流に変換するパワーコンディショナと、前記蓄電装置とを備える。
蓄電素子における満充電容量の劣化量を推定させるコンピュータプログラムは、前記蓄電素子が電源非供給状態となる直前に測定された第1温度と、前記蓄電素子が電源供給状態に復帰し最初に測定された第2温度とを取得させる取得ステップと、前記第1温度および第2温度に基づいて内挿を行わせる内挿ステップと、前記第1温度測定時から前記第2温度測定時までの前記蓄電素子の温度を決定させる温度決定ステップと、決定された温度に基づいて満充電容量の劣化量を推定させる推定ステップと、をコンピュータに実行させる。
第1温度測定時から前記第2温度測定時までの蓄電素子の温度を平均温度として補間(内挿)することにより、満充電容量の劣化量を1回の演算だけで推定することができる。
実施形態1について図1から図11を参照して説明する。
図1は、太陽の光を起電力とする太陽光発電システムPSを示しており、太陽光発電システムPSは、光発電装置PVと、パワーコンディショナPCと、蓄電装置10とを備えて構成されている。
パワーコンディショナPCは、光発電装置PVによって発電した直流電流を交流電流に変換する。電化製品などの負荷Eは、パワーコンディショナPCを介して光発電装置PVと接続されている。
電流遮断装置51は、例えばNチャネルのFETなどの半導体スイッチやリレーからなる。電流遮断装置51は、BMU30からの駆動指令に応答して作動し、組電池20と正極端子部12Pとの間の通電を遮断する。
本実施形態の太陽光発電システムPSでは、蓄電装置10における組電池20の放電を抑制するために、太陽光発電システムPSの電源をオフ状態にすることに伴って、BMU30を通じて電流遮断装置51により通電を遮断する。そして、太陽光発電システムPSの電源をオン状態にする場合には、パワーコンディショナPCから供給される電力によりBMU30を通じて電流遮断装置51を通電状態に切り替える。
図3は、縦軸が満充電容量の劣化量Q、横軸が電池の放置による経過時間TiであるQ-Ti相関グラフである。満充電容量の劣化量Qの時間的推移を表す容量変化曲線R1およびR2は、経過時間Tiに対するルート曲線となっている。ここで、図3の実線R1は、破線R2よりも電池温度が低い設定となっている。図3に示すように、電池温度が高いほど劣化量Qが増加する。
ここで、劣化速度係数kは、Eaを活性エネルギー、Aを頻度因子、Rを気体定数、Teを絶対温度とした場合、以下に示すアレニウスの反応速度式である(1)式として表すことができる。
となる。そして、図5に示すように、アレニウスの反応速度式を直線式と見立てて、切片lnAと傾きEa/Rを実験的に求めることで、縦軸が劣化速度lnk、横軸が絶対温度Teであるlnk-Te相関グラフを以下の(2)式で表すことができる。
劣化速度係数kは、一般に、経過時間が同一の場合、図6に示すように、組電池のSOC(state of charge[%]:充電状態(満充電容量に対する残存容量の比率))が低いほどおおよそ小さくなる傾向にある。図6は、縦軸が劣化速度係数k、横軸がSOCであるk-SOC相関グラフである。実線k35は、電池温度が35[℃]の時の劣化速度係数とSOCの関係を示す。破線k25は、電池温度が25[℃]の時の劣化速度係数とSOCの関係を示し、一点鎖線k10は、電池温度が10[℃]の時の劣化速度係数とSOCの関係を示している。
蓄電装置10では、組電池20の電池温度および前回の電池温度測定からの経過時間Tiが、温度センサ52および計時部36からCPU33に常時または定期的に入力され、前回の電池温度測定時における電池電圧と今回の電池温度測定時における電池電圧とが電圧検出回路31からCPU33に入力されている。
そして、この経時劣化推定処理を定期的に繰り返すことで、組電池20の満充電容量を推定することができる。
オフ期間劣化推定処理では、CPU33は、まず、未測定時間Tbにおける最終温度Tfと初回温度Tsとの間の電池温度が直線的に変化したとして、未測定時間Tb中の電池温度を直線によって補間し、未測定時間Tbにおける単位時間あたりの温度変化量Tcを算出する(S21)。
(S25)。なお、劣化速度係数kf1のfは、最終係数kfのfを表し、kf1の1は第1係数k1の1を表している。
そして、劣化量Q1をもとに、満充電容量の劣化量を更新して未測定時間Tb中のSOCを算出し直し、算出し直されたSOCに対応する上記の(2)式を選択する(S26)。
次に、実施形態2について図12から図14を参照して説明する。
実施形態2は、実施形態1におけるオフ期間劣化推定処理のステップを一部変更したものであって、実施形態1と共通する構成、作用、および効果については重複するため、その説明を省略する。また、実施形態1と同じ構成については同一の符号を用いるものとする。
電源がオフになった時は、(y,x)=(t1,T1)であり、
となる。
したがって、
と求めることができる。
次に、実施形態3について図15から図16を参照して説明する。
実施形態3は、実施形態1におけるオフ期間劣化推定処理のステップを一部変更したものであって、実施形態1と共通する構成、作用、および効果については重複するため、その説明を省略する。また、実施形態1と同じ構成については同一の符号を用いるものとする。
オフ期間劣化推定処理では、CPU33は、まず、未測定時間Tbにおける最終温度Tfと初回温度Tsとの平均温度Tmを算出する(S41)。
そして、選択された(2)式と平均温度Tmとに基づいて平均温度Tmの劣化温度係数である平均係数kmを算出する(S43)。
次に、実施形態4について図17から図18を参照して説明する。
実施形態4は、実施形態1におけるオフ期間劣化推定処理のステップを一部変更したものであって、実施形態1と共通する構成、作用、および効果については重複するため、その説明を省略する。また、実施形態1と同じ構成については同一の符号を用いるものとする。
オフ期間劣化推定処理では、CPU33は、まず、未測定時間Tbにおける最終温度Tfと初回温度Tsとを比較し、いずれか高い電池温度を未測定時間Tb中の未測定電池温度Tuとする(S51)。
本発明の実施例について図19から図22を参照して説明する。
本実施例は、実施形態1から実施形態4における組電池20の電池容量の時間的推移を示したグラフであり、図19は実施形態1、図20は実施形態2、図21は実施形態3、図22は実施形態4を示している。
これらのグラフにおいて、縦軸は組電池20の電池容量[Ah]を表したものであり、横軸は時間[day]を表している。
各実施形態の結果を比較すると、本実施形態のオフ期間劣化推定処理を実行しなかった場合のRMSEは、0.24であるものの、実施形態1のオフ期間劣化推定処理を実行した場合のRMSEは、0.01となっている。
本実施例では、実施形態2に比べて、実施形態1、実施形態3および実施形態4のRMSEが小さいという結果であったが、未測定時間中に組電池20の温度が徐々に変化した場合には、実施形態2の誤差(RMSE)が小さくなる傾向である。
本明細書で開示される技術は上記記述および図面によって説明した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、例えば次のような種々の態様も含まれる。
(1)上記実施形態では、蓄電装置10を太陽光発電システムPSに適用した。しかしながら、これに限らず、蓄電装置を他の設備や車両(自動車、二輪車、鉄道車両、産業用車両)、産業用機器(航空用、宇宙用、海洋用、港湾用)、電源機器などに適用してもよい。これらの利点としては、制御装置に電源供給されない場合(例えば、運転終了後から、次の運転再開(再始動)まで)であっても、その間の劣化推定を行うことができ、実際の劣化状態に近い予測を行うことが可能となる。それにより実際に近い蓄電素子の容量予測から正確な運転可能時間の予測ができたり、蓄電素子の寿命予測ができたり、適切な蓄電素子の交換時期が予測できたりなど、使用時の不具合や使用途中で停止してしまうといった心配がなくなる。
(4)上記実施形態では、1つの組電池20を電池管理装置30によって管理する蓄電装置10とした。しかしながら、これに限らず、蓄電素子を複数直列に接続した組電池と電池管理装置とを備えた蓄電装置を、複数直列に接続してバンクを構成してもよい。バンクを統括する別の制御装置を設けて、蓄電装置の電池管理装置と上位の制御装置とで機能を分担してもよい。電池管理装置はセンサ情報を取得して上位の制御装置にデータを送信する簡易的な電池管理装置(いわゆるセル監視装置:CMU)であってもよい。バンクを複数並列に接続して、ドメインを構成してもよい。ドメインを統括する別の制御装置を設けてもよい。
(6)上記実施形態では、BMU30のCPU33がメモリ34から読み出した経時劣化推定処理を実行する構成とした。しかしながら、これに限らず、蓄電素子の劣化方法を、コンピュータプログラム、コンピュータプログラムを記憶した記憶媒体として実現してもよい。蓄電素子における満充電容量の劣化量を推定させるコンピュータプログラムは、前記蓄電素子が電源非供給状態となる直前に測定された第1温度と、前記蓄電素子が電源供給状態に復帰し最初に測定された第2温度とを取得させるステップと、前記第1温度および第2温度に基づいて内挿を行わせるステップと、前記第1温度測定時から前記第2温度測定時までの前記蓄電素子の温度を決定させるステップと、決定された温度に基づいて満充電容量の劣化量を推定させるステップと、を、コンピュータに実行させる。複数のコンピュータが、前記コンピュータプログラムの処理ステップを分担して実行してもよい。
21:蓄電素子
30:電池管理装置(「管理装置」の一例)
33:CPU(「制御部」の一例)
36:計時部
52:温度センサ(「測定部」の一例)
PC:パワーコンディショナ
PV:光発電装置
Claims (9)
- 蓄電素子における満充電容量の劣化量を推定する蓄電素子の管理装置であって、
前記管理装置に電源が供給されている電源供給状態の時の前記蓄電素子の温度を測定する測定部と、
前記管理装置に電源が供給されていない電源非供給状態の時間を計時する計時部と、
制御部とを備え、
前記制御部は、前記蓄電素子が電源非供給状態となる直前に測定された第1温度と、前記蓄電素子が電源供給状態に復帰し最初に測定された第2温度とに基づいて内挿を行い、前記第1温度測定時から前記第2温度測定時までの前記蓄電素子の温度を決定することにより、決定された温度に基づいて満充電容量の劣化量を推定する蓄電素子の管理装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記第1温度測定時から前記第2温度測定時までの時間における所定サンプリング時間毎の温度を決定し、前記所定サンプリング時間毎の温度に基づいて前記所定サンプリング時間毎の劣化量を決定することにより満充電容量の劣化量を推定する請求項1に記載の蓄電素子の管理装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記第1温度測定時から前記第2温度測定時まで、時間に対する前記蓄電素子の温度が曲線的に変化すると仮定して前記所定サンプリング時間毎の温度を決定する請求項2に記載の蓄電素子の管理装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記第2温度測定時の温度と、前記第1温度測定時の温度との平均温度を前記第1温度測定時から前記第2温度測定時までの時間における前記蓄電素子の温度として満充電容量の劣化量を推定する請求項1に記載の蓄電素子の管理装置。
- 前記制御部は、前記第2温度測定時の温度と前記第1温度測定時の温度とのいずれか高い温度を前記第1温度測定時から前記第2温度測定時までの時間における前記蓄電素子の温度として満充電容量の劣化量を推定する請求項1に記載の蓄電素子の管理装置。
- 蓄電素子と、
請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電素子の管理装置とを備えた蓄電装置。 - 太陽光を電力に変換して出力する光発電装置PVと、
光発電装置PVによって発電した直流電流を交流電流に変換するパワーコンディショナPCと、
請求項6に記載の蓄電装置とを備えた太陽光発電システム。 - 蓄電素子における満充電容量の劣化量を推定する劣化量の推定方法であって、
前記蓄電素子が電源非供給状態となる直前に測定された第1温度と、前記蓄電素子が電源供給状態に復帰し最初に測定された第2温度とに基づいて内挿を行い、前記第1温度測定時から前記第2温度測定時までの前記蓄電素子の温度を決定することにより、決定された温度に基づいて満充電容量の劣化量を推定する劣化量の推定方法。 - 蓄電素子における満充電容量の劣化量を推定させるコンピュータプログラムであって、
前記蓄電素子が電源非供給状態となる直前に測定された第1温度と、前記蓄電素子が電源供給状態に復帰し最初に測定された第2温度とを取得させる取得ステップと、
前記第1温度および第2温度に基づいて内挿を行わせる内挿ステップと、
前記第1温度測定時から前記第2温度測定時までの前記蓄電素子の温度を決定させる温度決定ステップと、
決定された温度に基づいて満充電容量の劣化量を推定させる推定ステップと、をコンピュータに実行させるコンピュータプログラム。
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