WO2018100465A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018100465A1 WO2018100465A1 PCT/IB2017/057268 IB2017057268W WO2018100465A1 WO 2018100465 A1 WO2018100465 A1 WO 2018100465A1 IB 2017057268 W IB2017057268 W IB 2017057268W WO 2018100465 A1 WO2018100465 A1 WO 2018100465A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- metal oxide
- region
- transistor
- film
- insulating film
- Prior art date
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- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 154
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Images
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- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78606—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device
- H01L29/78618—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film with supplementary region or layer in the thin film or in the insulated bulk substrate supporting it for controlling or increasing the safety of the device characterised by the drain or the source properties, e.g. the doping structure, the composition, the sectional shape or the contact structure
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- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/7869—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film having a semiconductor body comprising an oxide semiconductor material, e.g. zinc oxide, copper aluminium oxide, cadmium stannate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L29/00—Semiconductor devices specially adapted for rectifying, amplifying, oscillating or switching and having potential barriers; Capacitors or resistors having potential barriers, e.g. a PN-junction depletion layer or carrier concentration layer; Details of semiconductor bodies or of electrodes thereof ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/66—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor
- H01L29/68—Types of semiconductor device ; Multistep manufacturing processes therefor controllable by only the electric current supplied, or only the electric potential applied, to an electrode which does not carry the current to be rectified, amplified or switched
- H01L29/76—Unipolar devices, e.g. field effect transistors
- H01L29/772—Field effect transistors
- H01L29/78—Field effect transistors with field effect produced by an insulated gate
- H01L29/786—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film
- H01L29/78696—Thin film transistors, i.e. transistors with a channel being at least partly a thin film characterised by the structure of the channel, e.g. multichannel, transverse or longitudinal shape, length or width, doping structure, or the overlap or alignment between the channel and the gate, the source or the drain, or the contacting structure of the channel
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- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B33/00—Electroluminescent light sources
- H05B33/12—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces
- H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/1368—Active matrix addressed cells in which the switching element is a three-electrode device
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- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/40—OLEDs integrated with touch screens
Definitions
- One embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device including a metal oxide.
- one embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the above technical field.
- the technical field of one embodiment of the invention disclosed in this specification and the like relates to an object, a method, or a manufacturing method.
- one embodiment of the present invention relates to a process, a machine, a manufacture, or a composition (composition of matter).
- one embodiment of the present invention relates to a semiconductor device, a display device, a light-emitting device, a power storage device, a memory device, a driving method thereof, or a manufacturing method thereof.
- a semiconductor device refers to any device that can function by utilizing semiconductor characteristics.
- a semiconductor element such as a transistor, a semiconductor circuit, an arithmetic device, and a memory device are one embodiment of the semiconductor device.
- An imaging device, a display device, a liquid crystal display device, a light emitting device, an electro-optical device, a power generation device (including a thin film solar cell, an organic thin film solar cell, and the like) and an electronic device may include a semiconductor device.
- Oxides are attracting attention as semiconductor materials applicable to transistors.
- an In—Zn—Ga—O-based oxide, an In—Zn—Ga—Mg—O-based oxide, an In—Zn—O-based oxide, an In—Sn—O-based oxide, an In— A field-effect transistor including an amorphous oxide that is any one of an —O-based oxide, an In—Ga—O-based oxide, and a Sn—In—Zn—O-based oxide is disclosed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 a structure including a two-layer metal oxide of an In—Zn—O-based oxide and an In—Ga—Zn—O-based oxide as an active layer of a transistor is studied. Yes.
- Patent Document 2 a technique for manufacturing an integrated circuit of a memory device using a transistor including a metal oxide has been disclosed (see Patent Document 2).
- transistors including metal oxides In addition to memory devices, arithmetic devices and the like have been manufactured using transistors including metal oxides.
- an integrated circuit of a memory device, an arithmetic device, or a backplane of a high-definition display device is manufactured using a transistor, it is important that the transistor has high field-effect mobility.
- a transistor having a fine structure is required to have good electrical characteristics as designed.
- a metal oxide can be used for the semiconductor layer of the transistor.
- the metal oxide film is exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere and a reducing atmosphere in the process of forming a transistor.
- the oxidizing atmosphere is an atmosphere in which oxygen element easily diffuses into the metal oxide film.
- the metal oxide film is exposed to an oxidizing atmosphere, the effect on the transistor characteristics is small. However, if the metal oxide film is exposed to a reducing atmosphere, the resistance of the metal oxide film may be low (also referred to as N-type). is there.
- N-type is generated in any region of the metal oxide film, the N-type portion acts as a parasitic channel and causes an increase in variation in transistor characteristics. It can be a factor of fluctuation.
- the transistor has an N-type region, the normally-off switching characteristic may be normally-on, and thus attention should be paid more.
- the influence on the transistor characteristics is remarkable particularly in a fine island-shaped metal oxide film.
- an object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device including a metal oxide having transistor characteristics with little variation.
- Another object is to provide a semiconductor device using a metal oxide having excellent normally-off switching characteristics.
- Another object is to provide a semiconductor device with high field-effect mobility using a metal oxide.
- Another object is to provide a semiconductor device formed using a fine island-shaped pattern made of a metal oxide material.
- Another object is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device according to one of the above problems.
- Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to impart favorable electrical characteristics to a semiconductor device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a highly reliable semiconductor device. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a semiconductor device with a novel structure. Another object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device with a novel structure.
- an end portion When the metal oxide film has an island pattern, an end portion may have an element diffused from a layer in contact with the end portion or may have an unstable bond, which tends to have different characteristics as compared with an island-shaped central portion.
- N-type conversion is performed in a region (end region) at a certain distance from the end. , May have a higher conductivity ⁇ .
- a trap level that affects transistor characteristics may be formed in the vicinity of the end.
- the end region acts as a parasitic channel, and transistor characteristics are improved.
- the transistor characteristics may vary over a long period of use.
- the constant distance is the same, particularly in a fine island-shaped metal oxide, the area occupied by the end region becomes large, and the influence on the transistor characteristics becomes remarkable.
- the distance between the source electrode and the drain electrode in the end region is made longer than the distance between the source electrode and the drain electrode in the channel formation region.
- the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention includes a metal oxide.
- the semiconductor device includes a gate electrode, a first insulating film on the gate electrode, a metal oxide on the first insulating film, a pair of electrodes on the metal oxide, and a second insulation on the metal oxide. And a membrane.
- the metal oxide has a source region, a drain region, a first region, a second region, and a third region. The source region is in contact with one of the pair of electrodes, the drain region is in contact with the other of the pair of electrodes, and the first region, the second region, and the third region are all a source region and a drain. The region is sandwiched along the channel length direction.
- the second region is sandwiched between the first region and the third region along the channel width direction, and each of the first region and the third region includes an end portion of the metal oxide, In the length along the channel length direction, the length of the second region is smaller than the length of the first region or the length of the third region.
- the length of the second region in the length along the channel length direction, is greater than 0 ⁇ m and less than 4 ⁇ m, the length of the first region, or the length of the third region, Is greater than three times the length of the second region and preferably less than the length of the metal oxide.
- the shortest path from the source region to the drain region is preferably included in the second region.
- the metal oxide includes a first metal oxide and a second metal oxide in contact with the upper surface of the first metal oxide.
- the first metal oxide and the second metal oxide The metal oxides are In and element M (M is gallium, aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, respectively.
- Neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium and Zn, and the first metal oxide preferably has a region with lower crystallinity than the second metal oxide.
- each of the first metal oxide and the second metal oxide has a region where the In content is 40% or more and 50% or less with respect to the total number of atoms of In, M, and Zn. And a region where the M content is 5% or more and 30% or less.
- the first metal oxide and the second metal oxide each have an atomic ratio of M of 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less when the atomic ratio of In is 4, and
- the atomic ratio of Zn is preferably 2 or more and 4 or less.
- the first metal oxide and the second metal oxide each have an atomic ratio of M of 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less when the atomic ratio of In is 5, and
- the atomic ratio of Zn is preferably 5 or more and 7 or less.
- favorable electrical characteristics can be imparted to a semiconductor device.
- a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided.
- a semiconductor device with a novel structure can be provided.
- a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device with a novel structure can be provided.
- 8A and 8B are a top view and cross-sectional views illustrating a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a top view illustrating a semiconductor device.
- 8A and 8B are a top view and cross-sectional views illustrating a semiconductor device.
- 8A and 8B are a top view and cross-sectional views illustrating a semiconductor device.
- 8A and 8B are a top view and cross-sectional views illustrating a semiconductor device.
- 8A and 8B are a top view and cross-sectional views illustrating a semiconductor device.
- 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device.
- FIG. 14 is a top view illustrating one embodiment of a display device.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of a display device.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of a display device.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of a display device.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of a display device.
- FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view illustrating one embodiment of a display device.
- 4A and 4B are a top view and a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a pixel.
- 4A and 4B are a top view and a cross-sectional view illustrating an example of a pixel.
- the figure explaining a display module. 10A and 10B each illustrate an electronic device. 10A and 10B each illustrate an electronic device.
- a transistor is an element having at least three terminals including a gate, a drain, and a source.
- a channel formation region is provided between the drain (drain terminal, drain region or drain electrode) and the source (source terminal, source region or source electrode), and between the source and drain via the channel formation region. It is possible to pass a current through. Note that in this specification and the like, a channel formation region refers to a region through which a current mainly flows.
- the functions of the source and drain may be switched when transistors having different polarities are employed or when the direction of current changes during circuit operation. Therefore, in this specification and the like, the terms source and drain can be used interchangeably.
- “electrically connected” includes a case of being connected via “thing having some electric action”.
- the “thing having some electric action” is not particularly limited as long as it can exchange electric signals between connection targets.
- “thing having some electric action” includes electrodes, wiring, switching elements such as transistors, resistance elements, inductors, capacitors, and other elements having various functions.
- parallel means a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of ⁇ 10 ° to 10 °. Therefore, the case of ⁇ 5 ° to 5 ° is also included.
- Very refers to a state in which two straight lines are arranged at an angle of 80 ° to 100 °. Therefore, the case of 85 ° to 95 ° is also included.
- the terms “film” and “layer” can be interchanged with each other.
- the term “conductive layer” may be changed to the term “conductive film”.
- the term “insulating film” may be changed to the term “insulating layer” in some cases.
- off-state current refers to drain current when a transistor is off (also referred to as a non-conduction state or a cutoff state).
- the off state is a state where the voltage Vgs between the gate and the source is lower than the threshold voltage Vth in the n-channel transistor, and the voltage Vgs between the gate and the source in the p-channel transistor unless otherwise specified. Is higher than the threshold voltage Vth.
- the off-state current of an n-channel transistor sometimes refers to a drain current when the voltage Vgs between the gate and the source is lower than the threshold voltage Vth.
- the off-state current of the transistor may depend on Vgs. Therefore, the off-state current of the transistor being I or less sometimes means that there exists a value of Vgs at which the off-state current of the transistor is I or less.
- the off-state current of a transistor may refer to an off-state current in an off state at a predetermined Vgs, an off state in a Vgs within a predetermined range, or an off state in Vgs at which a sufficiently reduced off current is obtained.
- the drain current when Vgs is 0.5 V is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 A
- the drain current when Vgs is 0.1 V is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 13 A.
- the n-channel transistor has a drain current of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 19 A when Vgs is ⁇ 0.5 V and a drain current of 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 22 A when Vgs is ⁇ 0.8 V. Since the drain current of the transistor is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 19 A or less when Vgs is ⁇ 0.5 V or Vgs is in the range of ⁇ 0.5 V to ⁇ 0.8 V, the off-state current of the transistor is 1 It may be said that it is below x10 ⁇ -19> A. Since there is Vgs at which the drain current of the transistor is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 22 A or less, the off-state current of the transistor may be 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 22 A or less.
- the off-state current of a transistor having a channel width W may be represented by a current value flowing around the channel width W.
- the current value flows around a predetermined channel width (for example, 1 ⁇ m).
- the unit of off-current may be represented by a unit having a dimension of current / length (for example, A / ⁇ m).
- off-state current of a transistor may depend on temperature.
- off-state current may represent off-state current at room temperature, 60 ° C., 85 ° C., 95 ° C., or 125 ° C. unless otherwise specified.
- the off-state current of a transistor is I or less means that room temperature, 60 ° C., 85 ° C., 95 ° C., 125 ° C., a temperature at which the reliability of the semiconductor device including the transistor is guaranteed, or the transistor is included. There may be a case where there is a value of Vgs at which the off-state current of the transistor is equal to or lower than I at a temperature at which the semiconductor device or the like is used (for example, any one temperature of 5 ° C. to 35 ° C.).
- the off-state current of the transistor may depend on the voltage Vds between the drain and the source.
- the off-state current is Vds of 0.1V, 0.8V, 1V, 1.2V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 3V, 3.3V, 10V, 12V, 16V unless otherwise specified. Or an off-current at 20V.
- Vds in which reliability of a semiconductor device or the like including the transistor is guaranteed, or an off-current in Vds used in the semiconductor device or the like including the transistor may be represented.
- the off-state current of the transistor is equal to or less than I.
- Vds is 0.1V, 0.8V, 1V, 1.2V, 1.8V, 2.5V, 3V, 3.3V, 10V, 12V, 16V, 20V
- Vgs at which the off-state current of the transistor is less than or equal to Vds at which Vds guarantees the reliability of the semiconductor device including the transistor or Vds used in the semiconductor device or the like including the transistor. May be pointed to.
- the drain may be read as the source. That is, the off-state current sometimes refers to a current that flows through the source when the transistor is off.
- off-state current may refer to current that flows between a source and a drain when a transistor is off, for example.
- the threshold voltage of a transistor refers to a gate voltage (Vg) when a channel is formed in the transistor.
- the threshold voltage of a transistor is a maximum slope in a curve (Vg- ⁇ Id characteristic) in which the gate voltage (Vg) is plotted on the horizontal axis and the square root of the drain current (Id) is plotted on the vertical axis.
- Vg- ⁇ Id characteristic a curve in which the gate voltage (Vg) is plotted on the horizontal axis and the square root of the drain current (Id) is plotted on the vertical axis.
- a gate voltage (Vg) at the intersection of a straight line obtained by extrapolating a certain tangent and the square root of the drain current (Id) is 0 (Id is 0 A) may be indicated.
- the threshold voltage of the transistor is a gate in which the channel length is L, the channel width is W, and the value of Id [A] ⁇ L [ ⁇ m] / W [ ⁇ m] is 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 [A]. It may refer to voltage (Vg).
- the semiconductor device may have characteristics as an “insulator”. Further, the boundary between “semiconductor” and “insulator” is ambiguous, and there is a case where it cannot be strictly distinguished. Therefore, the “semiconductor” in this specification and the like can be called an “insulator” in some cases. Similarly, an “insulator” in this specification and the like can be called a “semiconductor” in some cases. Alternatively, the “insulator” in this specification and the like can be referred to as a “semi-insulator” in some cases.
- the semiconductor device may have characteristics as a “conductor”. Further, the boundary between the “semiconductor” and the “conductor” is ambiguous, and there are cases where it cannot be strictly distinguished. Therefore, a “semiconductor” in this specification and the like can be called a “conductor” in some cases. Similarly, a “conductor” in this specification and the like can be called a “semiconductor” in some cases.
- a metal oxide is a metal oxide in a broad expression.
- Metal oxides are classified into oxide insulators, oxide conductors (including transparent oxide conductors), oxide semiconductors (also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OS), and the like.
- oxide semiconductors also referred to as oxide semiconductors or simply OS
- the metal oxide may be referred to as an oxide semiconductor.
- OS FET it can be said to be a transistor including a metal oxide or an oxide semiconductor.
- metal oxides containing nitrogen may be collectively referred to as metal oxides.
- a metal oxide containing nitrogen may be referred to as a metal oxynitride.
- FIG. 1A is a top view of a transistor 100A which is a semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view taken along a dashed-dotted line X1-X2 in FIG. 1C corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a cross-sectional surface taken along the alternate long and short dash line Y1-Y2 illustrated in FIG.
- some components such as an insulating film functioning as a gate insulating film
- the direction of the alternate long and short dash line X1-X2 may be referred to as a channel length direction, and the direction of the alternate long and short dash line Y1-Y2 may be referred to as a channel width direction. Note that in the top view of the transistor, some components may be omitted in the following drawings as in FIG. 1A.
- the transistor 100A includes a conductive film 104 over the substrate 102, an insulating film 106 over the substrate 102 and the conductive film 104, a metal oxide 108 over the insulating film 106, a conductive film 112a over the metal oxide 108, and a metal oxide.
- a conductive film 112b over the object 108.
- An insulating film 115 is formed over the transistor 100A, specifically, over the metal oxide 108, the conductive film 112a, and the conductive film 112b.
- the transistor 100A is a so-called channel etch transistor.
- the insulating film 115 preferably includes silicon and one or both of nitrogen and oxygen.
- the insulating film 115 has excess oxygen and can supply oxygen to the metal oxide 108.
- the metal oxide 108 includes a metal oxide 108_1 over the insulating film 106 and a metal oxide 108_2 in contact with the top surface of the metal oxide 108_1.
- each of the metal oxide 108_1 and the metal oxide 108_2 includes In and an element M (M is gallium, aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, and germanium. , Zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium, tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium), and Zn.
- the element M is preferably gallium.
- the insulating film 106 functions as a gate insulating film of the transistor 100A, and the insulating film 115 serves as a protective insulating film of the transistor 100A. It has a function.
- the conductive film 104 functions as a gate electrode
- the conductive film 112a functions as a source electrode
- the conductive film 112b functions as a drain electrode.
- the insulating film 106 may be referred to as a first insulating film
- the insulating film 115 may be referred to as a second insulating film.
- FIG. 2A is a top view illustrating only the metal oxide 108, the conductive film 112a, and the conductive film 112b of the transistor 100A.
- the conductive film 112 a and the conductive film 112 b are disposed in front of the metal oxide 108.
- a region in contact with the conductive film 112a can be referred to as a source region
- a region in contact with the conductive film 112b can be referred to as a drain region. Note that the source region and the drain region may be determined interchangeably.
- the distance between the conductive film 112a and the conductive film 112b in the channel length direction is divided into two types, a distance 206 and a distance 207.
- a region where the metal oxide 108 is formed and is between the conductive film 112a and the conductive film 112b and the distance between the conductive film 112a and the conductive film 112b is a distance 206 is a channel formation region 201.
- the region having the interval 207 is the end region 202A or the end region 202B.
- the end region 202A or the end region 202B includes the end portion 204A and the end portion 204B of the metal oxide 108, respectively. Since the end portion 204A and the end portion 204B may diffuse elements from adjacent layers or have unstable bonds, the end region 202A or the end region 202B has a higher conductivity ⁇ than the channel formation region 201. May have. Alternatively, a trap level that affects transistor characteristics may be formed in the end region 202A or the end region 202B. Note that the end region 202A, the end region 202B, and the channel formation region 201 are sandwiched between the source region and the drain region along the channel length direction.
- the length of the channel formation region 201 in the channel width direction is the channel width 211, and the length of the end region 202A or the end region 202B in the channel width direction is the end width 212.
- the end width 212 is larger than 0 and smaller than half the length of the metal oxide 108 in the channel width direction.
- the end region 202 ⁇ / b> A or the end region 202 ⁇ / b> B includes an end portion of the metal oxide 108.
- the entire region of the metal oxide 108 having conductivity ⁇ higher than that of the channel formation region 201 is the end region 202A or the end region 202B. It is preferable that it is contained in. That is, it is preferable to select the end width 212 in which the end region 202A or the end region 202B contains all the metal oxide having a higher conductivity ⁇ than the channel formation region 201.
- the end width 212 that includes all of the metal oxide near the end where the trap level that affects the transistor characteristics is formed.
- a preferable size of the end width 212 varies depending on process conditions. For example, when the process upper limit temperature is high, the end width 212 is large.
- the transistor characteristics can be calculated by the channel width 211.
- the following interval 207 is set. That is, the interval 207 is larger than the interval 206 and smaller than the length of the metal oxide 108 in the channel length direction.
- the interval 207 is preferably larger than three times the interval 206 and smaller than the length of the metal oxide 108 in the channel length direction.
- the interval 207 By setting the interval 207 to be larger than the interval 206, the series resistance of the conductive film 112a, the end region 202A or the end region 202B, and the conductive film 112b is increased, and the metal oxide has less variation in transistor characteristics.
- a semiconductor device using can be provided.
- a semiconductor device using a metal oxide having excellent normally-off switching characteristics can be provided.
- the transistor of one embodiment of the present invention includes the regions 203A, 203B, 203C, and 203D which have the end portion of the metal oxide 108 and overlap with the conductive film 112a or the conductive film 112b.
- the contact resistance between the metal oxide 108 and the conductive film 112a or the conductive film 112b can be reduced. Further, when the transistor is used for a display device, stray light reaching the channel formation region 201 along a direction parallel to the film surface can be reduced by including the regions 203A, 203B, 203C, and 203D.
- the diffusion amount of hydrogen in the direction of the channel formation region 201 may be large.
- the conductive film 112a and the conductive film 112b have an effect of absorbing hydrogen in the channel formation region 201 and its surroundings, increase in the conductivity ⁇ of the transistor can be prevented.
- the transistor includes the regions 203A, 203B, 203C, and 203D.
- Examples of the material of the conductive film 112a and the conductive film 112b that have an effect of absorbing hydrogen in and around the channel formation region 201 include conductive oxides such as indium tin oxide and tungsten oxide.
- a zinc oxide film is formed, and aluminum, chromium, copper, silver, gold, platinum, tantalum, nickel, titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, manganese, magnesium, zirconium, beryllium, One or more metal elements selected from indium, etc.
- Materials comprising or, typified by polycrystalline silicon which contains an impurity element such as phosphorus, high electric conductivity semiconductor film may be formed a silicide such as nickel silicide.
- a silicide such as nickel silicide.
- the same function may be obtained even when titanium is used instead of the oxide.
- the channel formation region 201 is located between the region 203A and the region 203B along the channel length direction. Similarly, the channel formation region 201 is located between the region 203C and the region 203D along the channel length direction.
- the shortest distance between the conductive film 112a and the conductive film 112b is an interval 206 that is a channel length. In other words, the shortest path from the source region to the drain region is included in the channel formation region 201.
- the boundary between the end region 202A and the region 203A may not be parallel to the channel width direction.
- the distance between the conductive film 112a and the conductive film 112b may be reduced as the distance from the end portion of the metal oxide 108 increases (see FIG. 2B).
- the arrangement of this shape is effective when the influence of the end portion in the metal oxide is small and the end width 212 is desired to be as small as possible, but it is at the limit of miniaturization by exposure or etching.
- the substrate 102 There is no particular limitation on the material of the substrate 102, but it is necessary that the substrate 102 have at least heat resistance to withstand heat treatment performed later.
- a glass substrate, a ceramic substrate, a quartz substrate, a sapphire substrate, or the like may be used as the substrate 102.
- a single crystal semiconductor substrate made of silicon or silicon carbide, a polycrystalline semiconductor substrate, a compound semiconductor substrate such as silicon germanium, an SOI substrate, or the like can be applied, and a semiconductor element is provided over these substrates.
- a substrate may be used as the substrate 102.
- the sixth generation (1500 mm ⁇ 1850 mm), the seventh generation (1870 mm ⁇ 2200 mm), the eighth generation (2200 mm ⁇ 2400 mm), the ninth generation (2400 mm ⁇ 2800 mm), the tenth generation.
- a large area substrate such as a generation (2950 mm ⁇ 3400 mm)
- a large display device can be manufactured.
- a flexible substrate may be used as the substrate 102, and the transistor 100A may be formed directly over the flexible substrate.
- a separation layer may be provided between the substrate 102 and the transistor 100A. The separation layer can be used for separation from the substrate 102 and transfer to another substrate after the semiconductor device is partially or entirely completed thereon. At that time, the transistor 100A can be transferred to a substrate having poor heat resistance or a flexible substrate.
- Cr chromium
- Cu copper
- Al aluminum
- Au gold
- a selected metal element an alloy containing the above-described metal element as a component, an alloy combining the above-described metal elements, or the like.
- the conductive films 104, 112a, and 112b each include an oxide containing indium and tin (In—Sn oxide), an oxide containing indium and tungsten (In—W oxide), indium, tungsten, and zinc.
- An oxide conductor such as (-Zn oxide) or an oxide semiconductor can also be used.
- the oxide conductor will be described.
- the oxide conductor may be referred to as OC (Oxide Conductor).
- Oxide Conductor As an oxide conductor, for example, when an oxygen vacancy is formed in an oxide semiconductor and hydrogen is added to the oxygen vacancy, a donor level is formed in the vicinity of the conduction band. As a result, the oxide semiconductor becomes highly conductive and becomes a conductor.
- a conductive oxide semiconductor can be referred to as an oxide conductor.
- an oxide semiconductor has a large energy gap and thus has a light-transmitting property with respect to visible light.
- an oxide conductor is an oxide semiconductor having a donor level in the vicinity of the conduction band. Therefore, the oxide conductor is less influenced by absorption due to the donor level, and has a light-transmitting property similar to that of an oxide semiconductor with respect to visible light.
- a Cu—X alloy film (X is Mn, Ni, Cr, Fe, Co, Mo, Ta, or Ti) may be applied to the conductive films 104, 112a, and 112b.
- X is Mn, Ni, Cr, Fe, Co, Mo, Ta, or Ti
- a Cu-X alloy film it can be processed by a wet etching process, and thus manufacturing costs can be suppressed.
- the conductive films 112a and 112b preferably include any one or more selected from copper, titanium, tungsten, tantalum, and molybdenum among the above metal elements.
- a tantalum nitride film is preferably used as the conductive films 112a and 112b.
- the tantalum nitride film has conductivity and high barrier properties against copper or hydrogen. Further, since the tantalum nitride film emits less hydrogen from itself, it can be most suitably used as a conductive film in contact with the metal oxide 108 or a conductive film in the vicinity of the metal oxide 108.
- a copper film is preferably used as the conductive films 112a and 112b because the resistance of the conductive films 112a and 112b can be reduced.
- the conductive films 112a and 112b can be formed by an electroless plating method.
- a material that can be formed by the electroless plating method for example, any one or more selected from Cu, Ni, Al, Au, Sn, Co, Ag, and Pd can be used.
- the use of Cu or Ag is preferable because the resistance of the conductive film can be lowered.
- Insulating film functioning as a gate insulating film As the insulating film 106 which functions as the gate insulating film of the transistor 100A, a silicon oxide film, a silicon oxynitride film, a silicon nitride oxide film, or the like is formed by a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method, a sputtering method, or the like. Insulation including one or more of films, silicon nitride films, aluminum oxide films, hafnium oxide films, yttrium oxide films, zirconium oxide films, gallium oxide films, tantalum oxide films, magnesium oxide films, lanthanum oxide films, cerium oxide films, and neodymium oxide films Layers can be used. Note that the insulating film 106 may have a stacked structure or a stacked structure including three or more layers.
- PECVD plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition
- the insulating film 106 that is in contact with the metal oxide 108 that functions as a channel formation region of the transistor 100A is preferably an oxide insulating film, and includes a region containing excess oxygen than the stoichiometric composition (excess oxygen region). ) Is more preferable.
- the present invention is not limited to the above structure, and a nitride insulating film may be used as the insulating film in contact with the metal oxide 108.
- a structure in which a silicon nitride film is formed and the surface of the silicon nitride film is subjected to oxygen plasma treatment or the like to oxidize the surface of the silicon nitride film can be given.
- oxygen plasma treatment or the like is performed on the surface of the silicon nitride film, the surface of the silicon nitride film may be oxidized at an atomic level, so that oxygen is not detected even when the cross section of the transistor is observed.
- the cross section of the transistor it may be observed that the silicon nitride film and the metal oxide are in contact with each other.
- a silicon nitride film has a higher relative dielectric constant than a silicon oxide film and has a large film thickness necessary for obtaining a capacitance equivalent to that of a silicon oxide film. Therefore, silicon nitride is used as a gate insulating film of a transistor. By including the film, the insulating film can be thickened. Therefore, a decrease in the withstand voltage of the transistor can be suppressed, and further, the withstand voltage can be improved to suppress electrostatic breakdown of the transistor.
- Metal oxide As the metal oxide 108, any of the materials described above can be used.
- the metal oxide 108_1 and the metal oxide 108_2 each have a region where the In content is 40% to 50% and the M content is 5% or more with respect to the total number of atoms of In, M, and Zn. And an area of 30% or less.
- the carrier density can be increased.
- the vicinity of 4: 2: 3 means that when In is 4, M is 1.5 or more and 2.5 or less and Zn is 2 with respect to the total number of atoms of In, M, and Zn. It is 4 or less.
- In the vicinity of 5: 1: 6 when In is 5, M is 0.5 or more and 1.5 or less and Zn is 5 or more with respect to the total number of atoms of In, M, and Zn. 7 or less.
- the metal oxide 108_1 preferably includes a region with lower crystallinity than the metal oxide 108_2.
- the metal oxide 108_1 has a region with lower crystallinity than the metal oxide 108_2, a semiconductor device with high carrier density and high reliability can be provided.
- the metal oxide 108_2 functions as an etching stopper for the metal oxide 108_1 by increasing the crystallinity of the metal oxide 108_2 over the metal oxide 108_1.
- the contact resistance between the metal oxide 108_2 and the conductive films 112a and 112b can be reduced.
- the field-effect mobility of the transistor 100A can be increased. Specifically, the field-effect mobility of the transistor 100A exceeds 50 cm 2 / Vs, more preferably, the field-effect mobility of the transistor 100A can exceed 100 cm 2 / Vs.
- a display device with a narrow frame width (also referred to as a narrow frame) can be provided by using the above transistor with high field-effect mobility for a gate driver that generates a gate signal.
- the above transistor with high field-effect mobility is used for a source driver that supplies signals from a signal line included in a display device (particularly, a demultiplexer connected to an output terminal of a shift register included in the source driver).
- a display device with a small number of wirings connected to the display device can be provided.
- the metal oxide 108_1 and the metal oxide 108_2 may each have one or both of a single crystal structure and a non-single crystal structure.
- the non-single crystal structure includes, for example, a CAAC-OS (C Axis Crystalline Oxide Semiconductor) described later, a polycrystalline structure, a microcrystalline structure, and an amorphous structure.
- Examples of the crystal structure include a bixbyite crystal structure and a layered crystal structure.
- a mixed crystal structure including both a bixbyite crystal structure and a layered crystal structure may be employed.
- the metal oxide 108_2 preferably has a layered crystal structure, particularly a crystal structure having c-axis alignment.
- the metal oxide 108_2 is preferably a CAAC-OS.
- the metal oxide 108_1 preferably has a microcrystalline structure and the metal oxide 108_2 preferably has a crystal structure having c-axis alignment.
- the metal oxide 108_1 has a region with lower crystallinity than the metal oxide 108_2.
- the crystallinity of the metal oxide 108 may be analyzed using, for example, X-ray diffraction (XRD: X-Ray Diffraction), or analyzed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM: Transmission Electron Microscope). Can be analyzed.
- the metal oxide 108_1 has a region with low crystallinity, the following excellent effects are obtained.
- oxygen vacancies that can be formed in the metal oxide 108_1 are described.
- Oxygen deficiency formed in the metal oxide 108_1 is problematic because it affects transistor characteristics. For example, when oxygen vacancies are formed in the metal oxide 108_1, hydrogen is bonded to the oxygen vacancies to serve as a carrier supply source. When a carrier supply source is generated in the metal oxide 108_1, a change in electrical characteristics of the transistor 100A including the metal oxide 108_1, typically, a threshold voltage shift occurs. Therefore, it is preferable that the metal oxide 108_1 have fewer oxygen vacancies.
- the metal oxide 108_2 is formed over the metal oxide 108_1.
- the metal oxide 108_2 has a structure containing more oxygen than the metal oxide 108_1.
- oxygen or excess oxygen moves from the metal oxide 108_2 to the metal oxide 108_1, so that oxygen vacancies in the metal oxide 108_1 can be reduced. It becomes possible.
- the metal oxide 108_2 By increasing the crystallinity of the metal oxide 108_2, impurities that can be mixed into the metal oxide 108_1 can be suppressed. In particular, by increasing the crystallinity of the metal oxide 108_2, damage to the metal oxide 108_1 can be suppressed when the conductive films 112a and 112b are processed.
- the surface of the metal oxide 108 that is, the surface of the metal oxide 108_2 is exposed to an etchant or an etching gas when the conductive films 112a and 112b are processed.
- the metal oxide 108_2 since the metal oxide 108_2 has a region with high crystallinity, the metal oxide 108_2 has higher etching resistance than the metal oxide 108_1 with low crystallinity. Therefore, the metal oxide 108_2 functions as an etching stopper.
- the metal oxide 108 a metal oxide with low impurity concentration and low density of defect states is preferably used because a transistor having excellent electrical characteristics can be manufactured.
- low impurity concentration and low defect level density low oxygen deficiency
- high purity intrinsic or substantially high purity intrinsic typical examples of impurities in the metal oxide include water and hydrogen.
- reducing or removing water and hydrogen from a metal oxide may be referred to as dehydration or dehydrogenation.
- adding oxygen to a metal oxide may be expressed as oxygenation, and a state in which oxygen is added and has oxygen in excess of the stoichiometric composition may be expressed as a peroxygenated state. .
- a metal oxide that is highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic has few carrier generation sources, so that the carrier density can be lowered. Therefore, a transistor in which a channel formation region is formed in the metal oxide rarely has electrical characteristics (also referred to as normally-on) in which the threshold voltage is negative.
- a metal oxide that is highly purified intrinsic or substantially highly purified intrinsic has a low defect level density, and thus may have a low trap level density.
- a metal oxide having high purity intrinsicity or substantially high purity intrinsicity has an extremely small off-current, a channel width of 1 ⁇ 10 6 ⁇ m, and a channel length L of 10 ⁇ m. When the voltage between the electrodes (drain voltage) is in the range of 1V to 10V, the off-state current can be less than the measurement limit of the semiconductor parameter analyzer, that is, 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 13 A or less.
- the metal oxide 108_1 has a region with lower crystallinity than the metal oxide 108_2, so that the carrier density may be increased.
- the Fermi level may be relatively higher than the conduction band of the metal oxide 108_1. Accordingly, the lower end of the conduction band of the metal oxide 108_1 is lowered, and the energy difference between the lower end of the conduction band of the metal oxide 108_1 and the trap level that can be formed in the gate insulating film (here, the insulating film 106) is reduced. May be larger.
- the energy difference is increased, the charge trapped in the gate insulating film is reduced, and the variation in the threshold voltage of the transistor may be reduced in some cases.
- the carrier density of the metal oxide 108_1 is increased, the field-effect mobility of the metal oxide 108 can be increased.
- the atomic ratio of the metal element of the sputtering target used for forming the In-M-Zn oxide is In> M It is preferable to satisfy.
- the atomic ratio of the metal oxide 108_1 and the metallic oxide 108_2 to be formed includes a variation of plus or minus 40% of the atomic ratio of the metal element contained in the sputtering target.
- the metal oxide 108_1 and the metal oxide 108_2 each have an energy gap of 2.5 eV or more, preferably 3.0 eV or more. In this manner, by using a metal oxide having a wide energy gap, the off-state current of the transistor 100A can be reduced.
- the insulating film 115 functions as a protective insulating film of the transistor 100A.
- the insulating film 115 has a function of supplying oxygen to the metal oxide 108.
- the insulating film 115 preferably includes silicon and one or both of nitrogen and oxygen.
- the insulating film 115 preferably includes a first layer containing silicon and oxygen, and a second layer containing silicon and nitrogen.
- the insulating film 115 is an insulating film having a low level density caused by nitrogen oxides (NO x , x being larger than 0 and 2 or less, preferably 1 or more and 2 or less, typically NO or NO 2 ). It is preferable to use it.
- Nitrogen oxide forms a level in the insulating film 115 and the like.
- the level is located in the energy gap of the metal oxide 108.
- the level density due to the nitrogen oxide is formed between the energy (Ev_os) at the upper end of the valence band of the metal oxide 108 and the energy (Ec_os) at the lower end of the conduction band of the metal oxide 108.
- Ev_os energy at the upper end of the valence band of the metal oxide 108
- Ec_os energy
- the insulating film 115 is an insulating film having a low level density due to nitrogen oxides, shift in threshold voltage of the transistor can be reduced and fluctuation in electrical characteristics of the transistor can be reduced. Can do.
- various films such as a conductive film, an insulating film, and a metal oxide described above can be formed by a sputtering method or a PECVD method, but other methods such as a thermal CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method are used. May be formed.
- thermal CVD Chemical Vapor Deposition
- examples of the thermal CVD method include MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) method or ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method.
- the thermal CVD method has an advantage that no defect is generated due to plasma damage because it is a film forming method that does not use plasma.
- a source gas is sent into a chamber, the inside of the chamber is under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure, and a film is deposited on the substrate.
- a source gas is sent into a chamber, the inside of the chamber is set to atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure, and a film is deposited on the substrate.
- FIG. 3A is a top view of a transistor 100B which is a semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line X1-X2 in FIG. 3C corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a cut surface taken along the alternate long and short dash line Y1-Y2 shown in FIG.
- the transistor 100B includes a conductive film 104 over the substrate 102, an insulating film 106 over the substrate 102 and the conductive film 104, a metal oxide 108 over the insulating film 106, a conductive film 112a over the metal oxide 108, and a metal oxide.
- a conductive film 112b over the material 108, an insulating film 115 over the metal oxide 108, the conductive film 112a, and the conductive film 112b, an insulating film 116 over the insulating film 115, and a conductive film 120a over the insulating film 116.
- a conductive film 120b over the film 116.
- the insulating film 106 has an opening 151, and a conductive film 112 c that is electrically connected to the conductive film 104 through the opening 151 is formed over the insulating film 106.
- the insulating film 115 and the insulating film 116 include an opening 152a reaching the conductive film 112b and an opening 152b reaching the conductive film 112c.
- the insulating film 106 functions as a first gate insulating film of the transistor 100B, and the insulating films 115 and 116 function as a second gate insulating film of the transistor 100B.
- the conductive film 104 functions as a first gate electrode
- the conductive film 112a functions as a source electrode
- the conductive film 112b functions as a drain electrode.
- the conductive film 120a functions as a second gate electrode
- the conductive film 120b functions as a pixel electrode of the display device.
- the conductive film 120a is electrically connected to the conductive film 104 through the openings 152b and 151. Therefore, the same potential is applied to the conductive film 104 and the conductive film 120a.
- the metal oxide 108 is positioned so as to face the conductive film 104 and the conductive film 120a and is sandwiched between conductive films functioning as two gate electrodes.
- the length of the conductive film 120a in the channel length direction and the length of the conductive film 120a in the channel width direction are longer than the length of the metal oxide 108 in the channel length direction and the length of the metal oxide 108 in the channel width direction, respectively.
- the entire metal oxide 108 is covered with the conductive film 120a with the insulating films 115 and 116 interposed therebetween.
- the conductive film 104 and the conductive film 120 a are connected in openings provided in the insulating films 106, 115, and 116 and have regions located outside the side end portions of the metal oxide 108.
- the metal oxide 108 included in the transistor 100B can be electrically surrounded by the electric fields of the conductive film 104 and the conductive film 120a.
- a device structure of a transistor that surrounds a metal oxide in which a channel formation region is formed by an electric field of a first gate electrode and a second gate electrode is a Surrounded Channel (S-Channel) structure. Can be called.
- S-Channel Surrounded Channel
- the transistor 100B Since the transistor 100B has an S-Channel structure, an electric field for inducing a channel can be effectively applied to the metal oxide 108 by the conductive film 104 functioning as the first gate electrode. The current driving capability is improved and high on-current characteristics can be obtained. Further, since the on-state current can be increased, the transistor 100B can be miniaturized. In addition, since the transistor 100B has a structure in which the metal oxide 108 is surrounded by the conductive film 104 functioning as the first gate electrode and the conductive film 120a functioning as the second gate electrode, the mechanical strength of the transistor 100B is increased. Can be increased.
- the insulating film 116 may be any insulating material, and one or both of an inorganic material and an organic material can be used.
- an inorganic material silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, silicon nitride oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum oxide, or the like can be used.
- an organic material a heat-resistant resin material such as a polyimide resin, an acrylic resin, a polyimide amide resin, a benzocyclobutene resin, a polyamide resin, or an epoxy resin can be used.
- an organic material such as an acrylic resin is preferably used because planarity can be increased and productivity is high.
- the conductive films 120a and 120b are the same materials as those listed for the conductive films 104, 112a, and 112b described above can be used.
- the conductive films 120a and 120b are preferably oxide conductive films (OC).
- OC oxide conductive films
- FIG. 4A is a top view of a transistor 100C which is a semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line X1-X2 in FIG. 4C corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a cross section taken along the dashed-dotted line Y1-Y2 in FIG.
- the transistor 100C has a structure in which the metal oxide 108 included in the above-described transistor 100B has a three-layer structure.
- the metal oxide 108 of the transistor 100C includes a metal oxide 108_3 over the insulating film 106, a metal oxide 108_1 over the metal oxide 108_3, and a metal oxide 108_2 over the metal oxide 108_1.
- FIG. 13A illustrates an example of a band structure in the film thickness direction of a stacked structure including the insulating film 106, the metal oxides 108_1, 108_2, and 108_3, and the insulating film 115.
- FIG. 13B illustrates an example of a band structure in the film thickness direction of a stacked structure including the insulating film 106, the metal oxides 108_1 and 108_2, and the insulating film 115.
- the band structure indicates the energy level (Ec) of the lower end of the conduction band of the insulating film 106, the metal oxides 108_1, 108_2, and 108_3, and the insulating film 115 for easy understanding.
- the energy level at the lower end of the conduction band changes gently.
- the energy level at the lower end of the conduction band changes gently. In other words, it can be said that it is continuously changed or continuously joined.
- defect states such as trap centers and recombination centers can be obtained. It is assumed that there is no impurity that forms a position.
- a multi-chamber type film formation apparatus including a load lock chamber is used to continuously form each film without exposure to the atmosphere. It is necessary to laminate.
- the metal oxide 108_1 becomes a well, and a channel formation region is formed in the metal oxide 108_1 in the transistor using the above stacked structure. .
- the metal oxide 108_1 has a structure in which a trap level is hardly formed.
- the trap level may be farther from the vacuum level than the energy level (Ec) at the lower end of the conduction band of the metal oxide 108_1 functioning as a channel formation region, and electrons are likely to accumulate in the trap level. . Accumulation of electrons at the trap level results in a negative fixed charge, and the threshold voltage of the transistor shifts in the positive direction. Therefore, a structure in which the trap level is closer to the vacuum level than the energy level (Ec) at the lower end of the conduction band of the metal oxide 108_1 is preferable. By doing so, electrons are unlikely to accumulate in the trap level, the on-state current of the transistor can be increased, and field effect mobility can be increased.
- the metal oxides 108_2 and 108_3 are closer to the vacuum level at the lower end of the conduction band than the metal oxide 108_1.
- the energy levels at the lower end of the conduction band of the metal oxide 108_1 and the metal oxide 108_1 is 0.15 eV or more, 0.5 eV or more, and 2 eV or less, or 1 eV or less.
- the difference between the electron affinity of the metal oxides 108_2 and 108_3 and the electron affinity of the metal oxide 108_1 is 0.15 eV or more, 0.5 eV or more, and 2 eV or less, or 1 eV or less.
- the metal oxide 108_1 becomes a main current path. That is, the metal oxide 108_1 functions as a channel formation region.
- the metal oxides 108_2 and 108_3 are preferably formed using a metal oxide including one or more metal elements included in the metal oxide 108_1 in which a channel formation region is formed.
- interface scattering hardly occurs at the interface between the metal oxide 108_1 and the metal oxide 108_2 or the interface between the metal oxide 108_1 and the metal oxide 108_3. Accordingly, the movement of carriers is not inhibited at the interface, so that the field effect mobility of the transistor is increased.
- the metal oxides 108_2 and 108_3 do not include a spinel crystal structure in the film.
- the constituent elements of the conductive films 120a and 120b are diffused into the metal oxide 108_1 at the interface between the spinel crystal structure and another region. May end up.
- the metal oxides 108_2 and 108_3 be a CAAC-OS because blocking properties of constituent elements of the conductive films 120a and 120b, for example, a copper element are increased.
- the metal oxides 108_2 and 108_3 are not limited to the above-described metal oxide target, and a metal oxide target having a composition equivalent to that of the metal oxide 108_1 may be used.
- FIG. 5A is a top view of a transistor 100D which is a semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along a dashed-dotted line X1-X2 in FIG. 5C corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a cross-sectional surface taken along the alternate long and short dash line Y1-Y2 illustrated in FIG.
- the transistor 100D has a structure in which the conductive films 112a and 112b included in the above-described transistor 100B have a three-layer structure.
- a conductive film 112a included in the transistor 100D includes a conductive film 112a_1, a conductive film 112a_2 over the conductive film 112a_1, and a conductive film 112a_3 over the conductive film 112a_2.
- the conductive film 112b included in the transistor 100D includes a conductive film 112b_1, a conductive film 112b_2 over the conductive film 112b_1, and a conductive film 112b_3 over the conductive film 112b_2.
- the conductive film 112a_1, the conductive film 112b_1, the conductive film 112a_3, and the conductive film 112b_3 include one or more selected from titanium, tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, indium, gallium, tin, and zinc. This is preferable.
- the conductive film 112a_2 and the conductive film 112b_2 preferably include one or more selected from copper, aluminum, and silver.
- titanium can be used for the conductive films 112a_1, 112b_1, 112a_3, and 112b_3, and copper can be used for the conductive films 112a_2 and 112b_2.
- the above structure is preferable because the wiring resistance of the conductive films 112a and 112b can be reduced and copper diffusion into the metal oxide 108 can be suppressed.
- the above structure is preferable because the contact resistance between the conductive film 112b and the conductive film 120b can be reduced. Note that the other structure of the transistor 100D is similar to that of the transistor 100B described above, and has the same effect.
- FIG. 6A is a top view of a transistor 100E which is a semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 6B is a cross-sectional view of a cross section along a dashed-dotted line X1-X2 in FIG. 6C corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a cross-sectional surface taken along the alternate long and short dash line Y1-Y2 illustrated in FIG.
- the transistor 100E has a structure in which the conductive films 112a and 112b included in the above-described transistor 100B have a three-layer structure. In the transistor 100E, the shapes of the conductive film 112a and the conductive film 112b included in the transistor 100D described above are different.
- a conductive film 112a included in the transistor 100E includes a conductive film 112a_1, a conductive film 112a_2 over the conductive film 112a_1, and a conductive film 112a_3 over the conductive film 112a_2.
- the conductive film 112b included in the transistor 100E includes a conductive film 112b_1, a conductive film 112b_2 over the conductive film 112b_1, and a conductive film 112b_3 over the conductive film 112b_2. Note that the above materials can be used for the conductive films 112a_1, 112a_2, 112a_3, 112b_1, 112b_2, and 112b_3.
- the end portion of the conductive film 112a_1 has a region located outside the end portion of the conductive film 112a_2, and the conductive film 112a_3 covers a top surface and side surfaces of the conductive film 112a_2 and is in contact with the conductive film 112a_1.
- the end portion of the conductive film 112b_1 includes a region located outside the end portion of the conductive film 112b_2.
- the conductive film 112b_3 covers a top surface and side surfaces of the conductive film 112b_2 and is in contact with the conductive film 112b_1.
- the above structure is preferable because the wiring resistance of the conductive films 112a and 112b can be reduced and copper diffusion into the metal oxide 108 can be suppressed.
- the structure shown in the transistor 100E can be more preferably suppressed than the transistor 100D shown above.
- the above structure is preferable because the contact resistance between the conductive film 112b and the conductive film 120b can be reduced.
- the other structure of the transistor 100E is similar to that of the transistor 100B described above, and has the same effect.
- FIG. 7A is a top view of the transistor 100F which is a semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional view taken along the dashed-dotted line X1-X2 in FIG.
- FIG. 7C corresponds to a cross-sectional view of a cut surface taken along the alternate long and short dash line Y1-Y2 illustrated in FIG. 7A.
- the transistor 100F is different from the above-described transistor 100B in that the structure of the conductive films 112a and 112b, the structure of the insulating film 115, and the insulating films 113a and 113b are included.
- a conductive film 112a included in the transistor 100F includes a conductive film 112a_1 and a conductive film 112a_2 over the conductive film 112a_1.
- the conductive film 112a_2 is covered with an insulating film 113a.
- a conductive film 112b included in the transistor 100F includes a conductive film 112b_1 and a conductive film 112b_2 over the conductive film 112b_1.
- the conductive film 112b_2 is covered with the insulating film 113b.
- the insulating films 113a and 113b can be formed using, for example, a PA ALD (Plasma Assisted Atomic Layer Deposition) method. Specifically, after the conductive films 112a_2 and 112b_2 are formed, a silane gas or the like is attached to the top and side surfaces of the conductive films 112a_2 and 112b_2 by a PA ALD method. Note that the insulating films 113a and 113b may include some of the constituent elements of the conductive film 112a_2 and the conductive film 112b_2. For example, in the case where the conductive film 112a_2 and the conductive film 112b_2 include copper, the insulating films 113a and 113b may be silicide including copper.
- the insulating film 115 included in the transistor 100F includes an insulating film 115_1, an insulating film 115_2 over the insulating film 115_1, and an insulating film 115_3 over the insulating film 115_2.
- the insulating film 115_1 and the insulating film 115_2 can be a layer containing silicon and oxygen
- the insulating film 115_3 can be a layer containing silicon and nitrogen.
- the other structure of the transistor 100F is similar to that of the transistor 100B described above, and has the same effects.
- the transistor according to this embodiment can freely combine the transistors having the above structures.
- 8A to 12B are cross-sectional views illustrating a method for manufacturing a semiconductor device. 8 to 12, the left side is a cross-sectional view in the channel length direction, and the right side is a cross-sectional view in the channel width direction.
- a conductive film is formed over the substrate 102, and the conductive film is processed by a lithography process and an etching process, so that the conductive film 104 functioning as a first gate electrode is formed.
- an insulating film 106 functioning as a first gate insulating film is formed over the conductive film 104 (see FIG. 8A).
- a glass substrate is used as the substrate 102, and a titanium film with a thickness of 50 nm and a copper film with a thickness of 200 nm are formed by a sputtering method as the conductive film 104 functioning as the first gate electrode.
- a 400-nm-thick silicon nitride film is formed as the insulating film 106 by PECVD.
- PECVD PECVD
- the silicon nitride film has a three-layer structure including a first silicon nitride film, a second silicon nitride film, and a third silicon nitride film.
- the three-layer structure it can be formed as follows.
- the first silicon nitride film for example, silane having a flow rate of 200 sccm, nitrogen having a flow rate of 2000 sccm, and ammonia gas having a flow rate of 100 sccm are supplied as source gases to the reaction chamber of the PECVD apparatus, and the pressure in the reaction chamber is controlled to 100 Pa. What is necessary is just to form 2000 W electric power using a high frequency power supply of 27.12 MHz so that thickness may be set to 50 nm.
- silane having a flow rate of 200 sccm, nitrogen having a flow rate of 2000 sccm, and ammonia gas having a flow rate of 2000 sccm are supplied as source gases to the reaction chamber of the PECVD apparatus, and the pressure in the reaction chamber is controlled to 100 Pa;
- a thickness of 300 nm may be formed by supplying 2000 W of power using a 12 MHz high frequency power source.
- silane having a flow rate of 200 sccm and nitrogen having a flow rate of 5000 sccm are supplied as source gases to the reaction chamber of the PECVD apparatus, the pressure in the reaction chamber is controlled to 100 Pa, and a high frequency power source of 27.12 MHz is used. Then, the power may be formed so as to have a thickness of 50 nm by supplying power of 2000 W.
- the substrate temperature at the time of forming the first silicon nitride film, the second silicon nitride film, and the third silicon nitride film can be 350 ° C. or lower.
- the silicon nitride film has the above-described three-layer structure, for example, when a conductive film containing copper is used for the conductive film 104, the following effects can be obtained.
- the first silicon nitride film can suppress diffusion of copper element from the conductive film 104.
- the second silicon nitride film has a function of releasing hydrogen and can improve the withstand voltage of the insulating film functioning as a gate insulating film.
- the third silicon nitride film emits less hydrogen from the third silicon nitride film and can suppress diffusion of hydrogen released from the second silicon nitride film.
- a PA ALD method treatment is performed before and after the second silicon nitride film is formed, for example, a silane gas is supplied, and then the silane gas is exhausted to generate a nitrogen gas plasma.
- the step of forming the first silicon nitride film and the third silicon nitride film may be omitted.
- the above-described formation of the silicon oxynitride film having a thickness of 50 nm may be omitted.
- oxygen plasma treatment is performed on the silicon nitride film having a thickness of 400 nm.
- a metal oxide 108_1_0 is formed over the insulating film 106 (see FIG. 8B).
- FIG. 8B is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inside of the deposition apparatus when the metal oxide 108_1_0 is formed over the insulating film 106.
- a sputtering apparatus is used as the film formation apparatus, and a target 191 installed inside the sputtering apparatus and a plasma 192 formed below the target 191 are schematically shown.
- oxygen or excess oxygen added to the insulating film 106 is schematically represented by a dashed arrow.
- oxygen gas can be added to the insulating film 106.
- the thickness of the metal oxide 108_1_0 may be 1 nm to 50 nm, preferably 5 nm to 30 nm.
- the metal oxide 108_1_0 is formed using one or both of an inert gas (typically Ar gas) and an oxygen gas. Note that the ratio of oxygen gas to the entire deposition gas (hereinafter also referred to as oxygen flow ratio) in forming the metal oxide 108_1_0 is 0% or more and less than 30%, preferably 5% or more and 15% or less. .
- the crystallinity of the metal oxide 108_1_0 can be reduced.
- the substrate temperature at the time of forming the metal oxide 108_1_0 is set to room temperature, and argon gas with a flow rate of 180 sccm and oxygen gas with a flow rate of 20 sccm are used as a deposition gas (oxygen flow rate ratio 10%).
- the metal oxide 108_2_0 is formed over the metal oxide 108_1_0 (see FIG. 8C).
- FIG. 8C is a schematic cross-sectional view of the inside of the film formation apparatus when the metal oxide 108_2_0 is formed over the metal oxide 108_1_0.
- a sputtering apparatus is used as the film formation apparatus, and a target 193 installed inside the sputtering apparatus and a plasma 194 formed below the target 193 are schematically shown.
- oxygen or excess oxygen added to the metal oxide 108_1_0 is schematically represented by a dashed arrow.
- oxygen gas can be added to the metal oxide 108_1_0.
- the thickness of the metal oxide 108_2_0 may be greater than 10 nm and less than or equal to 100 nm, preferably greater than or equal to 20 nm and less than or equal to 50 nm. Further, when the metal oxide 108_2_0 is formed, plasma is preferably discharged in an atmosphere containing oxygen gas. When plasma is discharged in an atmosphere containing oxygen gas, oxygen is added to the metal oxide 108_1_0 which is a formation surface of the metal oxide 108_2_0. Note that the oxygen flow rate ratio in forming the metal oxide 108_2_0 is 30% to 100%, preferably 50% to 100%, and more preferably 70% to 100%.
- the crystallinity of the metal oxide 108_2_0 can be increased.
- the formation condition of the metal oxide 108_2_0 is preferably higher in oxygen flow ratio than the metal oxide 108_1_0.
- the metal oxide 108_1_0 is preferably formed with a lower oxygen partial pressure than the metal oxide 108_2_0.
- the substrate temperature at the time of forming the metal oxide 108_1_0 and the metal oxide 108_2_0 may be room temperature (25 ° C.) to 200 ° C., preferably room temperature to 130 ° C.
- room temperature includes a temperature at which heating is not performed intentionally.
- the substrate temperature when the metal oxide 108_2_0 is formed eg, 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., preferably 130 ° C.
- the metal oxide 108_1_0 and the metal oxide 108_2_0 be formed successively in a vacuum because impurities are not taken into each interface.
- oxygen gas or argon gas used as a sputtering gas is a gas having a dew point of ⁇ 40 ° C. or lower, preferably ⁇ 80 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 100 ° C. or lower, more preferably ⁇ 120 ° C. or lower.
- the chamber in the sputtering apparatus uses an adsorption-type vacuum exhaust pump such as a cryopump to remove water or the like that is an impurity for the metal oxide as much as possible. It is preferable to exhaust to a high vacuum (from about 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 7 Pa to about 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa).
- the metal oxide 108_1_0 and the metal oxide 108_2_0 are processed into desired shapes, whereby the island-shaped metal oxide 108_1 and the island-shaped metal oxide 108_2 are formed.
- the island-shaped metal oxide 108 is formed using the metal oxide 108_1 and the metal oxide 108_2 (see FIG. 9A).
- first heat treatment heat treatment
- hydrogen, water, and the like contained in the metal oxide 108 can be reduced.
- heat treatment for reducing hydrogen, water, and the like may be performed before the metal oxide 108 is processed into an island shape.
- the first heat treatment is one of highly purified metal oxides.
- the first heat treatment for example, 150 ° C. or higher and lower than the strain point of the substrate, preferably 200 ° C. or higher and 450 ° C. or lower, more preferably 250 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower.
- an electric furnace, an RTA (Rapid Thermal Annealing) apparatus, or the like can be used for the first heat treatment.
- the first heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, oxygen, ultra-dry air (air with a water content of 20 ppm or less, preferably 1 ppm or less, preferably 10 ppb or less), or a rare gas (such as argon or helium). Just do it.
- nitrogen, oxygen, ultra-dry air air with a water content of 20 ppm or less, preferably 1 ppm or less, preferably 10 ppb or less
- a rare gas such as argon or helium
- the heat treatment may be performed in an oxygen or ultra-dry air atmosphere.
- hydrogen, water, etc. contained in the metal oxide can be eliminated and oxygen can be supplied to the metal oxide.
- oxygen vacancies contained in the metal oxide can be reduced.
- an opening 151 is formed in the insulating film 106 (see FIG. 9B).
- the opening 151 can be formed by using one or both of a wet etching method and a dry etching method. Note that the opening 151 is formed so as to reach the conductive film 104.
- a conductive film 112 is formed over the conductive film 104, the insulating film 106, and the metal oxide 108 (see FIG. 9C).
- a titanium film with a thickness of 30 nm and a copper film with a thickness of 200 nm are sequentially formed by a sputtering method.
- the island-shaped conductive film 112a, the island-shaped conductive film 112b, and the island-shaped conductive film 112c are formed by processing the conductive film 112 into a desired shape (see FIG. 10A). ).
- the conductive film 112 is processed using a wet etching apparatus.
- the method for processing the conductive film 112 is not limited to this, and for example, a dry etching apparatus may be used.
- the surface (back channel side) of the metal oxide 108 may be cleaned.
- the cleaning method include cleaning using a chemical solution such as phosphoric acid.
- a chemical solution such as phosphoric acid
- impurities attached to the surface of the metal oxide 108_2 eg, elements included in the conductive films 112a, 112b, and 112c
- the cleaning is not necessarily performed, and in some cases, the cleaning may not be performed.
- the region exposed from the conductive films 112a and 112b of the metal oxide 108 may be thin.
- the regions exposed from the conductive films 112a and 112b, that is, the metal oxide 108_2 is a metal oxide with improved crystallinity.
- a metal oxide having high crystallinity has a structure in which impurities, particularly constituent elements used for the conductive films 112a and 112b, do not easily diffuse into the film. Therefore, a highly reliable semiconductor device can be provided.
- FIG. 10A illustrates the case where a depression is formed on the surface of the metal oxide 108 exposed from the conductive films 112a and 112b, that is, the surface of the metal oxide 108_2, the present invention is not limited thereto.
- the surface of the metal oxide 108 exposed from the films 112a and 112b may not have a recess.
- the insulating film 115 is formed over the metal oxide 108 and the conductive films 112a and 112b.
- the insulating film 115 preferably has a stacked structure of a layer containing silicon and oxygen in contact with the metal oxide 108 and a layer containing silicon and nitrogen.
- a method for manufacturing the insulating film 115 is described.
- an insulating film 115_2 which will be described later is formed as the insulating film 115 (see FIG. 10B).
- the insulating film 115_1, the insulating film 115_2, and the insulating film 115_3 are formed (see FIG. 10C).
- the insulating films 115_1 and 115_2 have one or both of a function as a protective insulating film of the transistor and a function of supplying oxygen to the metal oxide 108. That is, the insulating films 115_1 and 115_2 include oxygen.
- the insulating film 115_1 is an insulating film that can transmit oxygen. Note that the insulating film 115_1 also functions as a damage reducing film for the metal oxide 108 when the insulating film 115_2 to be formed later is formed.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or the like with a thickness of 5 nm to 150 nm, preferably 5 nm to 50 nm can be used.
- the insulating film 115_1 preferably has a small amount of defects.
- the insulating film 115_1 can be formed using an oxide insulating film whose level density due to nitrogen oxides is low. Note that the level density caused by the nitrogen oxide can be formed between the energy (Ev_os) at the upper end of the valence band of the metal oxide film and the energy (Ec_os) at the lower end of the conduction band of the metal oxide film. There is a case.
- the oxide insulating film a silicon oxynitride film with a low emission amount of nitrogen oxide, an aluminum oxynitride film with a low emission amount of nitrogen oxide, or the like can be used.
- a silicon oxynitride film with a small amount of released nitrogen oxide is a film having a larger amount of released ammonia than a released amount of nitrogen oxide in a thermal desorption gas analysis (TDS) method.
- the released amount of ammonia is 1 ⁇ 10 18 / cm 3 or more and 5 ⁇ 10 19 / cm 3 or less.
- the amount of ammonia released is the amount released by heat treatment at a film surface temperature of 50 ° C. to 650 ° C., preferably 50 ° C. to 550 ° C.
- Nitrogen oxide (NO x , x is larger than 0 and 2 or less, preferably 1 or more and 2 or less), typically NO 2 or NO forms a level in the insulating film 115_1 or the like.
- the level is located in the energy gap of the metal oxide 108. Therefore, when nitrogen oxide diffuses to the interface between the insulating film 115_1 and the metal oxide 108, the level may trap electrons on the insulating film 115_1 side. As a result, trapped electrons remain in the vicinity of the interface between the insulating film 115_1 and the metal oxide 108, so that the threshold voltage of the transistor is shifted in the positive direction.
- Nitrogen oxide reacts with ammonia and oxygen in heat treatment. Since nitrogen oxide contained in the insulating film 115_1 reacts with ammonia contained in the insulating film 115_2 in the heat treatment, nitrogen oxide contained in the insulating film 115_1 is reduced. Therefore, electrons are hardly trapped at the interface between the insulating film 115_1 and the metal oxide 108.
- the oxide insulating film has a nitrogen concentration measured by SIMS of 6 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 or less.
- oxide insulating film By forming the oxide insulating film using a PECVD method using silane and dinitrogen monoxide with a substrate temperature of 220 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower, a dense and high hardness film is formed. be able to.
- the insulating film 115_2 is an oxide insulating film containing more oxygen than oxygen that satisfies the stoichiometric composition.
- part of oxygen is released by heating.
- the above oxide insulating film has a region where the amount of released oxygen is 1.0 ⁇ 10 19 atoms / cm 3 or more, preferably 3.0 ⁇ 10 20 atoms / cm 3 or more.
- the amount of released oxygen is the total amount when the temperature of the heat treatment in TDS is 50 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower, or 50 ° C. or higher and 550 ° C. or lower.
- the amount of released oxygen is the total amount in terms of oxygen atoms in TDS.
- silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride, or the like with a thickness of 30 nm to 500 nm, preferably 50 nm to 400 nm can be used.
- the insulating film 115_2 preferably has a small amount of defects.
- the interface between the insulating film 115_1 and the insulating film 115_2 cannot be clearly identified in some cases. Therefore, in this embodiment, the interface between the insulating film 115_1 and the insulating film 115_2 is illustrated by a broken line.
- the insulating film 115_3 functions as a protective insulating film of the transistor.
- the insulating film 115_3 includes one or both of hydrogen and nitrogen. Alternatively, the insulating film 115_3 includes nitrogen and silicon.
- the insulating film 115_3 has a function of blocking oxygen, hydrogen, water, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or the like.
- a nitride insulating film can be used as the insulating film 115_3, for example.
- the nitride insulating film include silicon nitride, silicon nitride oxide, aluminum nitride, and aluminum nitride oxide.
- various films such as a conductive film, an insulating film, a metal oxide film, and a metal film described above can be formed by a sputtering method or a PECVD method, but other methods such as thermal CVD (Chemical You may form by the Vapor Deposition method.
- thermal CVD Chemical You may form by the Vapor Deposition method. Examples of the thermal CVD method include MOCVD (Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition) method or ALD (Atomic Layer Deposition) method.
- the thermal CVD method has an advantage that no defect is generated due to plasma damage because it is a film forming method that does not use plasma.
- a source gas is sent into a chamber, the inside of the chamber is under atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure, and a film is deposited on the substrate.
- a source gas is sent into a chamber, the inside of the chamber is set to atmospheric pressure or reduced pressure, and a film is deposited on the substrate.
- the insulating films 115_1, 115_2, and 115_3 are described as the insulating film 115; however, the present invention is not limited to this, and for example, a stacked structure including an insulating film with another composition or a deposition method It is good.
- the insulating film 116 is formed over the insulating film 115 (see FIG. 11A).
- a planarizing insulating film such as an acrylic resin may be formed using a spin coater, a slit coater, or the like.
- second heat treatment heat treatment
- part of oxygen contained in the insulating film 115 can be moved to the metal oxide 108, so that oxygen vacancies contained in the metal oxide 108 can be reduced.
- the temperature of the second heat treatment is typically less than 400 ° C., preferably less than 375 ° C., and more preferably 150 ° C. or more and 350 ° C. or less.
- the second heat treatment is performed in an atmosphere of nitrogen, oxygen, ultra-dry air (air with a water content of 20 ppm or less, preferably 1 ppm or less, preferably 10 ppb or less), or a rare gas (such as argon or helium). Just do it.
- an electric furnace, an RTA apparatus, or the like can be used for the heat treatment in which hydrogen, water, or the like is preferably not contained in the nitrogen, oxygen, ultra-dry air, or the rare gas.
- openings 152a and 152b are formed in desired regions of the insulating film 115 and the insulating film 116 (see FIG. 11B).
- the openings 152a and 152b can be formed by using one or both of a wet etching method and a dry etching method. Note that the opening 152a is formed to reach the conductive film 112b, and the opening 152b is formed to reach the conductive film 112c.
- the conductive film 120 is formed over the insulating film 116 so as to cover the openings 152a and 152b (see FIG. 12A).
- an oxide conductive film or the like may be formed by a sputtering method.
- an In—Sn oxide, an In—Sn—Si oxide, an In—Zn oxide, an In—Ga—Zn oxide, or the like can be used.
- the island-shaped conductive film 120a and the island-shaped conductive film 120b are formed by processing the conductive film 120 into a desired shape (see FIG. 12B).
- the conductive film 120 is processed using a wet etching apparatus.
- heat treatment equivalent to the first heat treatment and the second heat treatment described above (hereinafter referred to as third heat treatment) may be performed.
- oxygen included in the insulating film 115 moves into the metal oxide 108 and fills oxygen vacancies in the metal oxide 108.
- the transistor 100B illustrated in FIGS. 3A, 3B, and 3C can be manufactured. That is, a semiconductor device using a metal oxide having transistor characteristics with little variation can be provided. Alternatively, a semiconductor device using a metal oxide having excellent normally-off switching characteristics can be provided. Alternatively, a semiconductor device with high field effect mobility using a metal oxide can be provided. Alternatively, a semiconductor device formed using a fine island-shaped pattern made of a metal oxide material can be provided.
- An oxide semiconductor is classified into a single crystal oxide semiconductor and a non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor.
- the non-single-crystal oxide semiconductor for example, a CAC-OS (Cloud-Aligned Composite-Oxide Semiconductor), a CAAC-OS (C-axis Aligned Crystalline-Oxide Semiconductor), a polycrystalline oxide semiconductor, an nc-OS semiconductor, an quasi-amorphous oxide semiconductor (a-like OS), an amorphous oxide semiconductor, and the like.
- the amorphous structure has the highest density of defect states
- the CAAC-OS has the lowest density of defect states.
- CAAC represents an example of a crystal structure
- CAC represents an example of a function or a material structure.
- a CAC-OS or a CAC-metal oxide has a conductive function in part of a material and an insulating function in part of the material, and the whole material is a semiconductor. It has the function of.
- the conductive function is a function of flowing electrons (or holes) serving as carriers
- the insulating function is an electron serving as carriers. It is a function that does not flow.
- a function of switching (a function of turning on / off) can be imparted to CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide by causing the conductive function and the insulating function to act complementarily.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide by separating each function, both functions can be maximized.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide includes a conductive region and an insulating region.
- the conductive region has the above-described conductive function
- the insulating region has the above-described insulating function.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be separated at the nanoparticle level.
- the conductive region and the insulating region may be unevenly distributed in the material, respectively.
- the conductive region may be observed with the periphery blurred and connected in a cloud shape.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide is composed of components having different band gaps.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide includes a component having a wide gap caused by an insulating region and a component having a narrow gap caused by a conductive region.
- the carrier when the carrier flows, the carrier mainly flows in the component having the narrow gap.
- the component having a narrow gap acts in a complementary manner to the component having a wide gap, and the carrier flows through the component having the wide gap in conjunction with the component having the narrow gap. Therefore, when the CAC-OS or the CAC-metal oxide is used for a channel formation region of a transistor, high current driving force, that is, high on-state current and high field-effect mobility can be obtained in the on-state of the transistor.
- CAC-OS or CAC-metal oxide can also be called a matrix composite material (metal matrix composite) or a metal matrix composite material (metal matrix composite).
- FIGS. 14 and 15 are schematic cross-sectional views illustrating the concept of CAC-OS.
- the CAC-OS is formed by forming elements 001, 002, and 003 mainly composed of each element due to the uneven distribution of elements constituting the metal oxide.
- the CAC-OS is formed by forming elements 001, 002, and 003 mainly composed of each element due to the uneven distribution of elements constituting the metal oxide.
- the metal oxide is one structure of a material in which elements constituting the metal oxide are unevenly distributed in a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm to 2 nm, or the vicinity thereof.
- the region having the metal element has a size of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, preferably 1 nm to 2 nm, or the vicinity thereof.
- the state mixed with is also referred to as a mosaic or patch.
- the metal oxide preferably contains at least indium.
- element M is gallium, aluminum, silicon, boron, yttrium, tin, copper, vanadium, beryllium, titanium, iron, nickel, germanium, zirconium, molybdenum, lanthanum, cerium, neodymium, hafnium. Tantalum, tungsten, or magnesium).
- an In-M-Zn oxide having a CAC-OS structure is an indium oxide (hereinafter referred to as InO X1 (X1 is a real number greater than 0)) or indium zinc oxide (hereinafter referred to as In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 and (X2, Y2, and Z2 is larger real than 0) and.), oxides of the elements M (hereinafter, MO X3 (X3 is greater real than 0) and.), or
- the element M is a zinc oxide (hereinafter referred to as M X4 Zn Y4 O Z4 (X4, Y4, and Z4 are real numbers greater than 0)) and the like, and the mosaic becomes like a mosaic.
- InO X1 or In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 is distributed in the film (hereinafter also referred to as a cloud shape).
- the region 001 is a region containing MO X3 as a main component
- the region 002 is a region containing In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 as a main component
- the region 003 is a region containing at least Zn.
- the peripheral portion of the region where MO X3 is the main component, the region where In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is the main component, and the region containing at least Zn is unclear (blurred) Therefore, there are cases where clear boundaries cannot be observed.
- an In-M-Zn oxide having a CAC-OS structure includes a region in which MO X3 is a main component and a region in which In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is a main component.
- Metal oxide. Therefore, the metal oxide may be described as a composite metal oxide. Note that in this specification, for example, the region 002 is compared with the region 001 in that the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the region 002 is larger than the atomic ratio of In to the element M in the region 001. Assume that the concentration of In is high.
- a metal oxide having a CAC-OS structure does not include a stacked structure of two or more kinds of films having different compositions. For example, a two-layer structure of a film containing In as the main component and a film containing Ga as the main component is not included.
- CAC-OS in an In—Ga—Zn oxide (note that an In—Ga—Zn oxide among CAC-OSs may be specifically referred to as a CAC-IGZO) will be described.
- the CAC-OS in the In—Ga—Zn oxide is InO X1 or In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 and gallium oxide (hereinafter referred to as GaO X5 (X5 is a real number greater than 0)) or gallium zinc.
- Ga X6 Zn Y6 O Z6 (X6, Y6, and Z6 are real numbers greater than 0)) and the like are separated into a mosaic shape to form mosaic-like InO X1 , or In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 is a cloud-like metal oxide.
- the CAC-OS in the In—Ga—Zn oxide has a structure in which a region containing GaO X5 as a main component and a region containing In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 as a main component are mixed.
- a composite metal oxide is observed between the region where GaO X5 is the main component and the region where In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is the main component because the periphery is unclear (blurred). There are cases where it is not possible.
- the sizes of the areas 001 to 003 can be evaluated by EDX mapping.
- the region 001 may be observed when the diameter of the region 001 is 0.5 nm to 10 nm, or 1 nm to 2 nm in EDX mapping of a cross-sectional photograph.
- the density of the main component element gradually decreases from the center to the periphery of the region.
- the peripheral portion of the region is unclear (blurred) in the EDX mapping of the cross-sectional photograph. Observed in state.
- GaO X5 is a main component
- Ga atoms gradually decrease from the central portion to the peripheral portion, and instead, a region where Ga X6 Zn Y6 O Z6 is a main component by increasing Zn atoms. It changes step by step. Therefore, in EDX mapping, the periphery of the region where GaO X5 is the main component is observed in an unclear (blurred) state.
- IGZO is a common name and sometimes refers to one compound of In, Ga, Zn, and O.
- ZnO ZnO
- the crystalline compound has a single crystal structure, a polycrystalline structure, or a CAAC (c-axis aligned crystalline) structure.
- the CAAC structure is a layered crystal structure in which a plurality of IGZO nanocrystals have c-axis orientation and are connected without being oriented in the ab plane.
- CAC-IGZO means that a metal oxide containing In, Ga, Zn, and O includes a plurality of regions containing Ga as a main component and a plurality of regions containing In as a main component. Each can be defined as a metal oxide that is randomly dispersed in a mosaic pattern.
- the region 001 corresponds to a region containing Ga as a main component
- the region 002 corresponds to a region containing In as a main component
- the region 003 corresponds to a region containing zinc.
- the region containing Ga as a main component and the region containing In as a main component may be referred to as nanoparticles.
- the nanoparticles have a particle diameter of 0.5 nm to 10 nm, typically 1 nm to 2 nm.
- the said nanoparticle has an unclear peripheral part (it is blurred), a clear boundary may not be observable.
- FIG. 15 is a modification of the conceptual diagram shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 15, the region 001, the region 002, and the region 003 may have different shapes or densities depending on the formation conditions of the metal oxide.
- the crystallinity of the CAC-OS in the In—Ga—Zn oxide can be evaluated by electron diffraction. For example, in the electron diffraction pattern image, a region having a high luminance in a ring shape is observed. In addition, a plurality of spots may be observed in the ring-shaped region.
- the CAC-OS in the In—Ga—Zn oxide has a structure different from that of the IGZO compound in which the metal element is uniformly distributed, and has properties different from those of the IGZO compound. That is, the CAC-OS in the In—Ga—Zn oxide is separated into a region containing GaO X5 or the like as a main component and a region containing In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 as a main component. The region whose main component is an element has a mosaic structure.
- the CAC-OS includes a region observed in a part of a nanoparticle mainly including the metal element and a region observed in a part of a nanoparticle mainly including In. However, it means a configuration in which each is randomly distributed in a mosaic shape.
- the region containing In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 as a main component is a region having higher conductivity than a region containing GaO X5 or the like as a main component.
- a region having high conductivity is a region having a relatively high In ratio.
- a region having a relatively high In ratio may be referred to as an In-Rich region for convenience.
- conductivity is developed when carriers flow through a region mainly composed of In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 . Accordingly, a region where In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is a main component is distributed in a cloud shape in the metal oxide, so that high field-effect mobility ( ⁇ ) can be realized.
- areas such as GaO X3 is the main component, as compared to the In X2 Zn Y2 O Z2 or InO X1 is the main component area, it is highly regions insulating.
- a region having a high insulating property is a region having a relatively high Ga ratio.
- a region having a relatively high Ga ratio may be referred to as a Ga-Rich region for convenience. That is, since the region mainly composed of GaO X5 or the like is distributed in the metal oxide, the leakage current can be suppressed and a good switching operation can be realized.
- CAC-OS in an In—Ga—Zn oxide has high reliability. Therefore, the CAC-OS in the In—Ga—Zn oxide is optimal for various semiconductor devices including a display.
- FIG. 16 is a top view illustrating an example of the display device.
- a display device 700 illustrated in FIG. 16 includes a pixel portion 702 provided over a first substrate 701, a source driver circuit portion 704 and a gate driver circuit portion 706 provided over the first substrate 701, a pixel portion 702,
- the sealant 712 is disposed so as to surround the source driver circuit portion 704 and the gate driver circuit portion 706, and the second substrate 705 is provided so as to face the first substrate 701.
- the first substrate 701 and the second substrate 705 are sealed with a sealant 712. That is, the pixel portion 702, the source driver circuit portion 704, and the gate driver circuit portion 706 are sealed with the first substrate 701, the sealant 712, and the second substrate 705.
- a display element is provided between the first substrate 701 and the second substrate 705.
- the display device 700 includes a pixel portion 702, a source driver circuit portion 704, and a gate driver circuit portion 706 that are electrically connected to regions different from the region surrounded by the sealant 712 over the first substrate 701.
- FPC terminal portion 708 Flexible printed circuit
- an FPC 716 is connected to the FPC terminal portion 708, and various signals are supplied to the pixel portion 702, the source driver circuit portion 704, and the gate driver circuit portion 706 by the FPC 716.
- a signal line 710 is connected to each of the pixel portion 702, the source driver circuit portion 704, the gate driver circuit portion 706, and the FPC terminal portion 708.
- Various signals and the like supplied by the FPC 716 are supplied to the pixel portion 702, the source driver circuit portion 704, the gate driver circuit portion 706, and the FPC terminal portion 708 through the signal line 710.
- a plurality of gate driver circuit portions 706 may be provided in the display device 700.
- the display device 700 an example in which the source driver circuit portion 704 and the gate driver circuit portion 706 are formed over the same first substrate 701 as the pixel portion 702 is shown; however, the display device 700 is not limited to this structure.
- only the gate driver circuit portion 706 may be formed on the first substrate 701, or only the source driver circuit portion 704 may be formed on the first substrate 701.
- a substrate on which a source driver circuit, a gate driver circuit, or the like is formed eg, a driver circuit substrate formed of a single crystal semiconductor film or a polycrystalline semiconductor film
- a connection method of a separately formed drive circuit board is not particularly limited, and a COG (Chip On Glass) method, a wire bonding method, or the like can be used.
- the pixel portion 702, the source driver circuit portion 704, and the gate driver circuit portion 706 included in the display device 700 each include a plurality of transistors, and a transistor that is a semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can be used. .
- the display device 700 can include various elements.
- the element include, for example, an electroluminescence (EL) element (an EL element including an organic substance and an inorganic substance, an organic EL element, an inorganic EL element, an LED, and the like), a light-emitting transistor element (a transistor that emits light in response to current), an electron Emission element, liquid crystal element, electronic ink element, electrophoretic element, electrowetting element, plasma display panel (PDP), MEMS (micro electro mechanical system) display (for example, grating light valve (GLV), digital micromirror Devices (DMD), digital micro shutter (DMS) elements, interferometric modulation (IMOD) elements, etc.), piezoelectric ceramic displays, and the like.
- EL electroluminescence
- a light-emitting transistor element a transistor that emits light in response to current
- an electron Emission element for example, grating light valve (GLV), digital micromirror Devices (DMD), digital micro shutter (DMS) elements,
- An example of a display device using an EL element is an EL display.
- a display device using an electron-emitting device there is a field emission display (FED), a SED type flat display (SED: Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display), or the like.
- FED field emission display
- SED SED type flat display
- a display device using a liquid crystal element there is a liquid crystal display (a transmissive liquid crystal display, a transflective liquid crystal display, a reflective liquid crystal display, a direct view liquid crystal display, a projection liquid crystal display) and the like.
- An example of a display device using an electronic ink element or an electrophoretic element is electronic paper.
- part or all of the pixel electrode may have a function as a reflective electrode.
- part or all of the pixel electrode may have aluminum, silver, or the like.
- a memory circuit such as an SRAM can be provided under the reflective electrode. Thereby, power consumption can be further reduced.
- the color elements controlled by the pixels when performing color display are not limited to three colors of RGB (R represents red, G represents green, and B represents blue).
- RGB red
- G represents green
- B represents blue
- it may be composed of four pixels: an R pixel, a G pixel, a B pixel, and a W (white) pixel.
- one color element may be configured by two colors of RGB, and two different colors may be selected and configured depending on the color element.
- one or more colors such as yellow, cyan, and magenta may be added to RGB.
- the size of the display area may be different for each dot of the color element.
- the disclosed invention is not limited to a display device for color display, and can be applied to a display device for monochrome display.
- a colored layer (also referred to as a color filter) may be used in order to display white light (W) in a backlight (an organic EL element, an inorganic EL element, an LED, a fluorescent lamp, or the like) and display a full color display device.
- a backlight an organic EL element, an inorganic EL element, an LED, a fluorescent lamp, or the like
- red (R), green (G), blue (B), yellow (Y), and the like can be used in appropriate combination for the colored layer.
- the colored layer the color reproducibility can be increased as compared with the case where the colored layer is not used.
- white light in a region having no colored layer may be directly used for display by arranging a region having a colored layer and a region having no colored layer.
- a decrease in luminance due to the colored layer can be reduced during bright display, and power consumption can be reduced by about 20% to 30%.
- a self-luminous element such as an organic EL element or an inorganic EL element
- R, G, B, Y, and W may be emitted from elements having respective emission colors.
- power consumption may be further reduced as compared with the case where a colored layer is used.
- colorization method in addition to a method (color filter method) in which part of the light emission from the white light emission described above is converted into red, green, and blue through a color filter, red, green, and blue light emission is performed.
- a method of using each (three-color method) or a method of converting a part of light emission from blue light emission into red or green (color conversion method, quantum dot method) may be applied.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional view taken along the alternate long and short dash line QR shown in FIG. 16 and includes an EL element as a display element.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view taken along one-dot chain line QR shown in FIG. 16 and has a configuration using a liquid crystal element as a display element.
- the display device 700 illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18 includes a lead wiring portion 711, a pixel portion 702, a source driver circuit portion 704, and an FPC terminal portion 708. Further, the lead wiring portion 711 includes a signal line 710. In addition, the pixel portion 702 includes a transistor 750 and a capacitor 790. In addition, the source driver circuit portion 704 includes a transistor 752.
- the transistors 750 and 752 have a structure similar to that of the transistor 100E described above. Note that as the structures of the transistor 750 and the transistor 752, other transistors described in the above embodiment may be used.
- the transistor used in this embodiment includes a metal oxide which is highly purified and suppresses formation of oxygen vacancies.
- the transistor can have low off-state current. Therefore, the holding time of an electric signal such as an image signal can be increased, and the writing interval can be set longer in the power-on state. Therefore, since the frequency of the refresh operation can be reduced, there is an effect of suppressing power consumption.
- the transistor used in this embodiment can have a relatively high field-effect mobility, and thus can be driven at high speed.
- the switching transistor in the pixel portion and the driver transistor used in the driver circuit portion can be formed over the same substrate. That is, since it is not necessary to use a semiconductor device formed of a silicon wafer or the like as a separate drive circuit, the number of parts of the semiconductor device can be reduced.
- a high-quality image can be provided by using a transistor that can be driven at high speed.
- the capacitor 790 includes a lower electrode formed through a step of processing the same conductive film as the conductive film that functions as the first gate electrode included in the transistor 750, and a conductive function that functions as a source electrode and a drain electrode included in the transistor 750. And an upper electrode formed through a process of processing the same conductive film as the film. Further, an insulating film formed through a step of forming the same insulating film as the insulating film functioning as the first gate insulating film included in the transistor 750 is provided between the lower electrode and the upper electrode. That is, the capacitor 790 has a stacked structure in which an insulating film functioning as a dielectric film is sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.
- a planarization insulating film 770 is provided over the transistor 750, the transistor 752, and the capacitor 790.
- planarization insulating film 770 an organic material having heat resistance such as polyimide resin, acrylic resin, polyimide amide resin, benzocyclobutene resin, polyamide resin, or epoxy resin can be used. Note that the planarization insulating film 770 may be formed by stacking a plurality of insulating films formed using these materials. Further, the planarization insulating film 770 may be omitted.
- the pixel portion 702 and the source driver circuit portion 704 may use different transistors. Specifically, a structure in which a staggered transistor is used for the pixel portion 702 and an inverted staggered transistor described in Embodiment 1 is used for the source driver circuit portion 704, or an inverted staggered structure described in Embodiment 1 is used for the pixel portion 702. For example, a configuration in which a staggered transistor is used for the source driver circuit portion 704 is used. Note that the source driver circuit portion 704 may be replaced with a gate driver circuit portion.
- the signal line 710 is formed through the same process as the conductive film functioning as the source and drain electrodes of the transistors 750 and 752. For example, when a material containing a copper element is used as the signal line 710, signal delay due to wiring resistance is small and display on a large screen is possible.
- the FPC terminal portion 708 includes a connection electrode 760, an anisotropic conductive film 780, and an FPC 716.
- the connection electrode 760 is formed through the same process as the conductive film functioning as the source and drain electrodes of the transistors 750 and 752.
- the connection electrode 760 is electrically connected to a terminal included in the FPC 716 through an anisotropic conductive film 780.
- first substrate 701 and the second substrate 705 for example, glass substrates can be used.
- a flexible substrate may be used as the first substrate 701 and the second substrate 705.
- the flexible substrate include a plastic substrate.
- a structure body 778 is provided between the first substrate 701 and the second substrate 705.
- the structure body 778 is a columnar spacer obtained by selectively etching an insulating film, and is provided to control the distance (cell gap) between the first substrate 701 and the second substrate 705. Note that a spherical spacer may be used as the structure body 778.
- a light-blocking film 738 functioning as a black matrix, a colored film 736 functioning as a color filter, and an insulating film 734 in contact with the light-blocking film 738 and the colored film 736 are provided.
- FIGS. 17 and 18 Configuration example of input / output device of display device>
- the display device 700 illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18 is provided with a touch panel 791 as an input / output device. Note that the display device 700 may not include the touch panel 791.
- a touch panel 791 illustrated in FIGS. 17 and 18 is a so-called in-cell type touch panel provided between the second substrate 705 and the coloring film 736.
- the touch panel 791 may be formed on the second substrate 705 side before the light shielding film 738 and the coloring film 736 are formed.
- the touch panel 791 includes a light-blocking film 738, an insulating film 792, an electrode 793, an electrode 794, an insulating film 795, an electrode 796, and an insulating film 797.
- a change in capacitance between the electrode 793 and the electrode 794 can be detected when a detection target such as a finger or a stylus approaches.
- the intersection of the electrode 793 and the electrode 794 is clearly shown.
- the electrode 796 is electrically connected to two electrodes 793 sandwiching the electrode 794 through an opening provided in the insulating film 795.
- 17 and 18 illustrate the structure in which the region where the electrode 796 is provided is provided in the pixel portion 702, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the region may be formed in the source driver circuit portion 704.
- the electrodes 793 and 794 are provided in a region overlapping with the light-blocking film 738.
- the electrode 793 is preferably provided so as not to overlap with the light-emitting element 782.
- the electrode 793 is preferably provided so as not to overlap with the liquid crystal element 775.
- the electrode 793 has an opening in a region overlapping with the light-emitting element 782 and the liquid crystal element 775. That is, the electrode 793 has a mesh shape.
- the electrode 793 can be configured not to block light emitted from the light-emitting element 782.
- the electrode 793 can have a structure that does not block light transmitted through the liquid crystal element 775. Therefore, since the reduction in luminance due to the arrangement of the touch panel 791 is extremely small, a display device with high visibility and low power consumption can be realized.
- the electrode 794 may have a similar structure.
- a metal material with low visible light transmittance can be used for the electrode 793 and the electrode 794.
- a metal material with low visible light transmittance can be used for the electrode 793 and the electrode 794.
- the resistance of the electrode 793 and the electrode 794 can be reduced as compared with an electrode using an oxide material with high visible light transmittance, and the sensor sensitivity of the touch panel can be improved.
- conductive nanowires may be used for the electrodes 793, 794, and 796.
- the nanowire may have an average diameter of 1 nm to 100 nm, preferably 5 nm to 50 nm, more preferably 5 nm to 25 nm.
- metal nanowires such as Ag nanowire, Cu nanowire, or Al nanowire, or a carbon nanotube etc. may be used.
- the light transmittance in visible light can be 89% or more
- the sheet resistance value can be 40 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 100 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a so-called on-cell touch panel formed over the display device 700 or a so-called out-cell touch panel used by being attached to the display device 700 may be used.
- the display device 700 of one embodiment of the present invention can be used in combination with various forms of touch panels.
- a display device 700 illustrated in FIG. 17 includes a light-emitting element 782.
- the light-emitting element 782 includes a conductive film 772, an EL layer 786, and a conductive film 788.
- the display device 700 illustrated in FIG. 17 can display an image when the EL layer 786 included in the light-emitting element 782 emits light.
- the EL layer 786 includes an organic compound or an inorganic compound such as a quantum dot.
- Examples of a material that can be used for the organic compound include a fluorescent material and a phosphorescent material.
- materials that can be used for the quantum dots include colloidal quantum dot materials, alloy type quantum dot materials, core / shell type quantum dot materials, and core type quantum dot materials.
- a material including an element group of Group 12 and Group 16, Group 13 and Group 15, or Group 14 and Group 16 may be used.
- a quantum dot material having an element such as aluminum (Al) may be used.
- the insulating film 730 is provided over the planarization insulating film 770 and the conductive film 772.
- the insulating film 730 covers part of the conductive film 772.
- the light-emitting element 782 has a top emission structure. Therefore, the conductive film 788 has a light-transmitting property and transmits light emitted from the EL layer 786.
- the top emission structure is illustrated, but is not limited thereto. For example, a bottom emission structure in which light is emitted to the conductive film 772 side or a dual emission structure in which light is emitted to both the conductive film 772 and the conductive film 788 can be used.
- a colored film 736 is provided at a position overlapping with the light emitting element 782, and a light shielding film 738 is provided at a position overlapping with the insulating film 730, the lead wiring portion 711, and the source driver circuit portion 704. Further, the coloring film 736 and the light shielding film 738 are covered with an insulating film 734. A space between the light emitting element 782 and the insulating film 734 is filled with a sealing film 732. Note that in the display device 700 illustrated in FIG. 17, the structure in which the coloring film 736 is provided is illustrated, but the present invention is not limited to this. For example, in the case where the EL layer 786 is formed by separate coating, the coloring film 736 may not be provided.
- a display device 700 illustrated in FIG. 18 includes a liquid crystal element 775.
- the liquid crystal element 775 includes a conductive film 772, an insulating film 773, a conductive film 774, and a liquid crystal layer 776.
- the conductive film 774 functions as a common electrode (also referred to as a common electrode), and the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 776 is controlled by an electric field generated between the conductive films 772 and 774 through the insulating film 773. can do.
- a display device 700 illustrated in FIG. 18 can display an image by controlling transmission and non-transmission of light by changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal layer 776 according to voltages applied to the conductive films 772 and 774.
- the conductive film 772 is electrically connected to a conductive film functioning as a source electrode or a drain electrode of the transistor 750.
- the conductive film 772 is formed over the planarization insulating film 770 and functions as a pixel electrode, that is, one electrode of a display element.
- a conductive film that transmits visible light or a conductive film that reflects visible light can be used.
- a material containing one kind selected from indium (In), zinc (Zn), and tin (Sn) may be used.
- a material containing aluminum or silver is preferably used.
- a conductive film that reflects visible light is used as the conductive film 772.
- FIG. 18 illustrates the structure in which the conductive film 772 is connected to the conductive film functioning as the drain electrode of the transistor 750
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a structure in which a conductive film functioning as a connection electrode is interposed between the conductive film functioning as the drain electrode of the transistor 750 may be employed.
- an alignment film may be provided in a position in contact with the liquid crystal layer 776.
- an optical member optical substrate
- a polarizing member such as a polarizing member, a retardation member, or an antireflection member
- circularly polarized light using a polarizing substrate and a retardation substrate may be used.
- a backlight, a sidelight, or the like may be used as the light source.
- thermotropic liquid crystal When a liquid crystal element is used as the display element, a thermotropic liquid crystal, a low molecular liquid crystal, a polymer liquid crystal, a polymer dispersed liquid crystal, a ferroelectric liquid crystal, an antiferroelectric liquid crystal, or the like can be used. These liquid crystal materials exhibit a cholesteric phase, a smectic phase, a cubic phase, a chiral nematic phase, an isotropic phase, and the like depending on conditions.
- a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase for which an alignment film is unnecessary may be used.
- the blue phase is one of the liquid crystal phases.
- a liquid crystal composition mixed with several percent by weight or more of a chiral agent is used for the liquid crystal layer in order to improve the temperature range.
- a liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal exhibiting a blue phase and a chiral agent has a short response speed and is optically isotropic, so that alignment treatment is unnecessary.
- a liquid crystal material exhibiting a blue phase has a small viewing angle dependency.
- a liquid crystal element when used as a display element, a TN (Twisted Nematic) mode, an IPS (In-Plane-Switching) mode, an FFS (Fringe Field Switching) mode, an ASM (Axially Symmetrical Aligned MicroOcell) mode.
- a Compensated Birefringence mode, an FLC (Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, an AFLC (Antiferroelectric Liquid Crystal) mode, and the like can be used.
- a normally black liquid crystal display device such as a transmissive liquid crystal display device employing a vertical alignment (VA) mode may be used.
- VA vertical alignment
- the vertical alignment mode There are several examples of the vertical alignment mode. For example, an MVA (Multi-Domain Vertical Alignment) mode, a PVA (Patterned Vertical Alignment) mode, an ASV mode, and the like can be used.
- Example of display panel configuration> By using a liquid crystal material that operates in the guest-host mode for the liquid crystal element 775, functional members such as a light diffusion layer and a polarizing plate can be omitted.
- a display device 700 illustrated in FIG. 19 has the same structure as that in FIG. 18, but uses a liquid crystal material that operates in a guest-host mode for the liquid crystal layer 776. At this time, there is no polarizing member such as a polarizing plate.
- a guest-host liquid crystal is a liquid crystal material containing a dichroic dye.
- a material having a large absorbance in the major axis direction of a molecule and a small absorbance in a minor axis direction orthogonal to the major axis direction can be used for the dichroic dye.
- a material having a dichroic ratio of 10 or more can be used for the dichroic dye, and more preferably, a material having a dichroic ratio of 20 or more can be used for the dichroic dye.
- azo dyes for example, azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, dioxazine dyes, and the like can be used as dichroic dyes.
- a structure in which two liquid crystal layers containing homogeneously aligned dichroic dyes are stacked so that the alignment directions are orthogonal to each other can be used for the layer containing the liquid crystal material.
- light can be easily absorbed in all directions.
- contrast can be increased.
- liquid crystal layer 776 a structure in which a phase transition type guest-host liquid crystal or a droplet containing a guest-host liquid crystal is dispersed in a polymer can be used for the liquid crystal layer 776.
- the structure of the display device 700 productivity of the display device can be increased. Further, by not providing a functional member such as a polarizing plate, the reflection luminance of the liquid crystal element 775 can be increased. Therefore, the visibility of the display device can be increased.
- FIG. 20A1 is a schematic top view when the pixel 900 is viewed from the display surface side.
- a pixel 900 illustrated in FIG. 20A1 includes three subpixels. Each subpixel is provided with a light-emitting element 930EL (not shown in FIGS. 20A1 and 20A2), a transistor 910, and a transistor 912.
- a light-emitting region (a light-emitting region 916R, a light-emitting region 916G, or a light-emitting region 916B) of the light-emitting element 930EL is illustrated.
- the light-emitting element 930 ⁇ / b> EL is a so-called bottom emission light-emitting element that emits light to the transistor 910 and the transistor 912 side.
- the pixel 900 includes a wiring 902, a wiring 904, a wiring 906, and the like.
- the wiring 902 functions as, for example, a scanning line.
- the wiring 904 functions as a signal line, for example.
- the wiring 906 functions as a power supply line for supplying a potential to the light emitting element, for example.
- the wiring 902 and the wiring 904 have portions that intersect each other.
- the wiring 902 and the wiring 906 have portions that cross each other. Note that although the structure in which the wiring 902 and the wiring 904 and the wiring 902 and the wiring 906 intersect with each other is illustrated here, the present invention is not limited to this, and a structure in which the wiring 904 and the wiring 906 intersect may be employed.
- the transistor 910 functions as a selection transistor.
- a gate of the transistor 910 is electrically connected to the wiring 902.
- One of a source and a drain of the transistor 910 is electrically connected to the wiring 904.
- the transistor 912 is a transistor that controls current flowing in the light-emitting element.
- a gate of the transistor 912 is electrically connected to the other of the source and the drain of the transistor 910.
- One of a source and a drain of the transistor 912 is electrically connected to the wiring 906, and the other is electrically connected to one of the pair of electrodes of the light-emitting element 930EL.
- the light-emitting region 916R, the light-emitting region 916G, and the light-emitting region 916B each have a long strip shape in the vertical direction and are arranged in stripes in the horizontal direction.
- the wiring 902, the wiring 904, and the wiring 906 have a light shielding property.
- a light-transmitting film for the other layers, that is, the layers constituting the transistor 910, the transistor 912, the wiring connected to the transistor, the contact, the capacitor, and the like.
- FIG. 20A2 illustrates an example in which the pixel 900 illustrated in FIG. 20A1 is divided into a transmission region 900t that transmits visible light and a light-blocking region 900s that blocks visible light.
- a portion other than a portion where each wiring is provided can be a transmission region 900t.
- the light-emitting region of the light-emitting element can be overlapped with a transistor, a wiring connected to the transistor, a contact, a capacitor, or the like, the aperture ratio of the pixel can be increased.
- the ratio of the area of the transmissive region to the area of the pixel can be 1% to 95%, preferably 10% to 90%, more preferably 20% to 80%. In particular, it is preferably 40% or more or 50% or more, and more preferably 60% or more and 80% or less.
- 20B is a cross-sectional view corresponding to a cross-sectional surface taken along dashed-dotted line AB in FIG. 20A2.
- 20B also illustrates a cross section of the light-emitting element 930EL, the capacitor 913, the driver circuit portion 901, and the like which are not illustrated in the top view.
- the driver circuit portion 901 can be used as a scanning line driver circuit portion or a signal line driver circuit portion.
- the driver circuit portion 901 includes a transistor 911.
- the film and the like included in the capacitor 913 have a light-transmitting property. As the area of the light-transmitting region included in the capacitor 913 is larger, attenuation of light emitted from the light-emitting element 930EL can be suppressed.
- the transistor 911 may be light-blocking.
- the reliability and driving ability of the driver circuit portion can be improved. That is, it is preferable to use a light-shielding conductive film for the gate electrode, the source electrode, and the drain electrode included in the transistor 911. Similarly, it is preferable to use a light-shielding conductive film for the wiring connected thereto.
- FIGS. 21A1, 21A2, and 21B Next, an example of a pixel will be described with reference to FIGS. 21A1, 21A2, and 21B.
- FIG. 21A1 is a schematic top view of the pixel 900.
- FIG. A pixel 900 illustrated in FIG. 21A1 includes four subpixels.
- FIG. 21A1 illustrates an example in which two subpixels are arranged vertically and two horizontally in the pixel 900.
- Each subpixel is provided with a transmissive liquid crystal element 930LC (not shown in FIGS. 21A1 and 21A), a transistor 914, and the like.
- a pixel 900 is provided with two wirings 902 and two wirings 904, respectively.
- 21A1 illustrates a display region (a display region 918R, a display region 918G, a display region 918B, and a display region 918W) of the liquid crystal element.
- Light emitted from the backlight unit (BLU) enters the liquid crystal element 930LC through the transistor 914 and the like.
- the pixel 900 includes a wiring 902, a wiring 904, and the like.
- the wiring 902 functions as, for example, a scanning line.
- the wiring 904 functions as a signal line, for example.
- the wiring 902 and the wiring 904 have portions that cross each other.
- the transistor 914 functions as a selection transistor.
- a gate of the transistor 914 is electrically connected to the wiring 902.
- One of a source and a drain of the transistor 914 is electrically connected to the wiring 904, and the other is electrically connected to the liquid crystal element 930LC.
- FIG. 21A2 illustrates an example in which the pixel 900 illustrated in FIG. 21A1 is divided into a transmission region 900t that transmits visible light and a light-blocking region 900s that blocks visible light.
- a portion other than a portion where each wiring is provided can be a transmission region 900t. Since the transmission region of the liquid crystal element can overlap with a transistor, a wiring connected to the transistor, a contact, a capacitor, and the like, the aperture ratio of the pixel can be increased.
- the amount of transmitted light can be increased as the ratio of the area of the transmission region to the area of the pixel is higher.
- the ratio of the area of the transmissive region to the area of the pixel can be 1% to 95%, preferably 10% to 90%, more preferably 20% to 80%. In particular, it is preferably 40% or more or 50% or more, and more preferably 60% or more and 80% or less.
- FIG. 21B is a cross-sectional view corresponding to a cross-sectional surface taken along dashed-dotted line CD in FIG. Note that FIG. 21B also illustrates a cross section of the liquid crystal element 930LC, the coloring film 932CF, the light-shielding film 932BM, the capacitor element 915, the driver circuit portion 901, and the like which are not illustrated in the top view.
- the driver circuit portion 901 can be used as a scanning line driver circuit portion or a signal line driver circuit portion.
- the driver circuit portion 901 includes a transistor 911.
- the transistor 914 and the film included in the capacitor 915 also have a light-transmitting property. As the area of the light-transmitting region included in the transistor 914, the capacitor 915, and the like is larger, light from the backlight unit (BLU) can be used more efficiently.
- light from the backlight unit (BLU) may be extracted to the outside through the coloring film 932CF.
- the coloring film 932CF can be selected from red (R), green (G), blue (B), cyan (C), magenta (M), yellow (Y), and the like.
- a semiconductor film included in the transistor can be formed using a light-transmitting semiconductor material.
- a metal oxide, an oxide semiconductor, or the like can be given.
- the oxide semiconductor preferably contains at least indium. In particular, it is preferable to contain indium and zinc.
- One kind selected from the above or a plurality of kinds may be included.
- the conductive film included in the transistor can be formed using a light-transmitting conductive material.
- the light-transmitting conductive material preferably includes one or more selected from indium, zinc, and tin.
- In oxide, In—Sn oxide also referred to as ITO: Indium Tin Oxide
- ITO Indium Tin Oxide
- In—Zn oxide, In—W oxide, In—W—Zn oxide, In—Ti oxide, In-Sn-Ti oxide, In-Sn-Si oxide, Zn oxide, Ga-Zn oxide, and the like can be given.
- an oxide semiconductor whose resistance is reduced by adding an impurity element to the conductive film included in the transistor may be used.
- the low-resistance oxide semiconductor can be referred to as an oxide conductor (OC).
- an oxygen vacancy is formed in an oxide semiconductor, and hydrogen is added to the oxygen vacancy, whereby a donor level is formed in the vicinity of the conduction band.
- the donor level is formed in the oxide semiconductor, the oxide semiconductor has high conductivity and becomes a conductor.
- an oxide semiconductor has a large energy gap (e.g., an energy gap of 2.5 eV or more); thus, the oxide semiconductor has a light-transmitting property with respect to visible light.
- the oxide conductor is an oxide semiconductor having a donor level in the vicinity of the conduction band. Therefore, the oxide conductor is less influenced by absorption due to the donor level, and has a light-transmitting property similar to that of an oxide semiconductor with respect to visible light.
- the oxide conductor preferably includes one or more metal elements contained in a semiconductor film included in the transistor.
- a manufacturing apparatus eg, a film formation apparatus or a processing apparatus
- a manufacturing apparatus can be used in common for two or more steps. Since it becomes possible, manufacturing cost can be suppressed.
- Display module> In this embodiment, a display module that can be manufactured using one embodiment of the present invention will be described.
- a display module 6000 illustrated in FIG. 22A includes a display panel 6006 connected to an FPC 6005, a frame 6009, a printed board 6010, and a battery 6011 between an upper cover 6001 and a lower cover 6002.
- a display device manufactured using one embodiment of the present invention can be used for the display panel 6006.
- a display module can be manufactured with a high yield.
- the shapes and dimensions of the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 can be changed as appropriate in accordance with the size of the display panel 6006.
- a touch panel may be provided over the display panel 6006.
- a resistive film type or capacitive type touch panel can be used by being superimposed on the display panel 6006.
- the display panel 6006 can have a touch panel function.
- the frame 6009 has a function as an electromagnetic shield for blocking electromagnetic waves generated by the operation of the printed board 6010 in addition to a protective function of the display panel 6006.
- the frame 6009 may function as a heat sink.
- the printed board 6010 includes a power supply circuit, a signal processing circuit for outputting a video signal and a clock signal.
- the power source for supplying power to the power supply circuit may be an external commercial power source or a power source by a battery 6011 provided separately.
- the battery 6011 can be omitted when a commercial power source is used.
- the display module 6000 may be additionally provided with a member such as a polarizing plate, a retardation plate, or a prism sheet.
- FIG. 22B is a schematic cross-sectional view of a display module 6000 including an optical touch sensor.
- the display module 6000 includes a light emitting unit 6015 and a light receiving unit 6016 provided on the printed board 6010. Further, a region surrounded by the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 has a pair of light guide portions (light guide portion 6017a and light guide portion 6017b).
- the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 for example, plastic can be used. Further, the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 can each be thin (for example, 0.5 mm to 5 mm). Therefore, the display module 6000 can be made extremely light. Further, since the upper cover 6001 and the lower cover 6002 can be manufactured with a small amount of material, manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the display panel 6006 is provided to overlap the printed circuit board 6010 and the battery 6011 with a frame 6009 interposed therebetween.
- the display panel 6006 and the frame 6009 are fixed to the light guide unit 6017a and the light guide unit 6017b.
- Light 6018 emitted from the light emitting unit 6015 passes through the upper part of the display panel 6006 by the light guide unit 6017a and reaches the light receiving unit 6016 through the light guide unit 6017b.
- the touch operation can be detected by blocking the light 6018 by a detection target such as a finger or a stylus.
- a plurality of light emitting units 6015 are provided along two adjacent sides of the display panel 6006.
- a plurality of light receiving units 6016 are provided at positions facing the light emitting unit 6015. Thereby, the information on the position where the touch operation is performed can be acquired.
- a light source such as an LED element can be used.
- a light source that emits infrared rays that are not visually recognized by the user and harmless to the user as the light emitting unit 6015.
- the light receiving unit 6016 can be a photoelectric element that receives light emitted from the light emitting unit 6015 and converts the light into an electrical signal.
- a photodiode capable of receiving infrared light can be used.
- the light guide portion 6017a and the light guide portion 6017b As the light guide portion 6017a and the light guide portion 6017b, a member that transmits at least the light 6018 can be used.
- the light emitting unit 6015 and the light receiving unit 6016 can be arranged below the display panel 6006, and external light reaches the light receiving unit 6016 and the touch sensor malfunctions. Can be suppressed.
- FIG. 23A is a diagram illustrating the appearance of the camera 8000 with the viewfinder 8100 attached.
- a camera 8000 includes a housing 8001, a display portion 8002, operation buttons 8003, a shutter button 8004, and the like.
- the camera 8000 is attached with a detachable lens 8006.
- the camera 8000 is configured such that the lens 8006 can be removed from the housing 8001 and replaced, but the lens 8006 and the housing may be integrated.
- the camera 8000 can take an image by pressing a shutter button 8004.
- the display portion 8002 has a function as a touch panel and can capture an image by touching the display portion 8002.
- a housing 8001 of the camera 8000 includes a mount having an electrode, and a strobe device or the like can be connected in addition to the finder 8100.
- the viewfinder 8100 includes a housing 8101, a display portion 8102, a button 8103, and the like.
- the housing 8101 has a mount that engages with the mount of the camera 8000, and the finder 8100 can be attached to the camera 8000.
- the mount includes an electrode, and an image received from the camera 8000 via the electrode can be displayed on the display portion 8102.
- the button 8103 has a function as a power button.
- a button 8103 can be used to switch display on the display portion 8102 on and off.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8002 of the camera 8000 and the display portion 8102 of the viewfinder 8100.
- the camera 8000 and the viewfinder 8100 are separate electronic devices and can be attached to and detached from each other.
- a finder including a display device is incorporated in the housing 8001 of the camera 8000. Also good.
- FIG. 23B is a diagram illustrating an appearance of the head mounted display 8200.
- the head mounted display 8200 includes a mounting portion 8201, a lens 8202, a main body 8203, a display portion 8204, a cable 8205, and the like.
- a battery 8206 is built in the mounting portion 8201.
- a cable 8205 supplies power from the battery 8206 to the main body 8203.
- the main body 8203 includes a wireless receiver and the like, and can display video information such as received image data on the display portion 8204.
- the mounting portion 8201 may be provided with a plurality of electrodes at a position where the user touches the user.
- the main body 8203 may have a function of recognizing the user's viewpoint by detecting a current flowing through the electrode in accordance with the movement of the user's eyeball. Moreover, you may have a function which monitors a user's pulse by detecting the electric current which flows into the said electrode.
- the mounting portion 8201 may have various sensors such as a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, and an acceleration sensor, and may have a function of displaying the user's biological information on the display portion 8204. Further, the movement of the user's head or the like may be detected, and the video displayed on the display unit 8204 may be changed in accordance with the movement.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8204.
- FIG. 23C, 23D, and 23E are views showing the appearance of the head mounted display 8300.
- FIG. The head mounted display 8300 includes a housing 8301, a display portion 8302, a band-shaped fixture 8304, and a pair of lenses 8305.
- the user can view the display on the display portion 8302 through the lens 8305.
- the display portion 8302 is preferably arranged curved. By arranging the display portion 8302 to be curved, the user can feel a high sense of realism.
- a structure in which one display portion 8302 is provided is described in this embodiment mode, the present invention is not limited thereto, and for example, a structure in which two display portions 8302 are provided may be employed. In this case, if one display unit is arranged in one eye of the user, three-dimensional display using parallax or the like can be performed.
- the display device of one embodiment of the present invention can be applied to the display portion 8302. Since the display device including the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention has extremely high definition, the pixel is not visually recognized by the user even when the display device is enlarged using the lens 8305 as illustrated in FIG. More realistic video can be displayed.
- FIGS. 24A to 24G examples of electronic devices that are different from the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 23A to 23E are illustrated in FIGS. 24A to 24G.
- An electronic device illustrated in FIGS. 24A to 24G includes a housing 9000, a display portion 9001, a speaker 9003, operation keys 9005 (including a power switch or an operation switch), a connection terminal 9006, a sensor 9007 (force , Displacement, position, velocity, acceleration, angular velocity, rotation speed, distance, light, liquid, magnetism, temperature, chemical, voice, time, hardness, electric field, current, voltage, power, radiation, flow rate, humidity, gradient, vibration , Including a function of measuring odor or infrared light), a microphone 9008, and the like.
- the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 24A to 24G have various functions. For example, a function for displaying various information (still images, moving images, text images, etc.) on the display unit, a touch panel function, a function for displaying a calendar, date or time, a function for controlling processing by various software (programs), Wireless communication function, function for connecting to various computer networks using the wireless communication function, function for transmitting or receiving various data using the wireless communication function, and reading and displaying the program or data recorded on the recording medium It can have a function of displaying on the section. Note that the functions of the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 24A to 24G are not limited to these, and the electronic devices can have various functions. Although not illustrated in FIGS.
- the electronic device may have a plurality of display portions.
- the electronic device is equipped with a camera, etc., to capture still images, to capture moving images, to store captured images on a recording medium (externally or built into the camera), and to display captured images on the display unit And the like.
- FIGS. 24A to 24G Details of the electronic devices illustrated in FIGS. 24A to 24G are described below.
- FIG. 24A is a perspective view illustrating a television device 9100.
- the television device 9100 can incorporate a display portion 9001 having a large screen, for example, 50 inches or more, or 100 inches or more.
- FIG. 24B is a perspective view showing the portable information terminal 9101.
- the portable information terminal 9101 has one or a plurality of functions selected from, for example, a telephone, a notebook, an information browsing device, or the like. Specifically, it can be used as a smartphone.
- the portable information terminal 9101 may include a speaker, a connection terminal, a sensor, and the like.
- the portable information terminal 9101 can display characters and image information on the plurality of surfaces.
- three operation buttons 9050 also referred to as operation icons or simply icons
- information 9051 indicated by a broken-line rectangle can be displayed on another surface of the display portion 9001.
- a display for notifying an incoming call such as an e-mail, SNS (social networking service), a telephone call, a title such as an e-mail or SNS, a sender name such as an e-mail or SNS, a date and time, and a time , Battery level, antenna reception strength and so on.
- an operation button 9050 or the like may be displayed instead of the information 9051 at a position where the information 9051 is displayed.
- FIG. 24C is a perspective view showing the portable information terminal 9102.
- the portable information terminal 9102 has a function of displaying information on three or more surfaces of the display portion 9001.
- information 9052, information 9053, and information 9054 are displayed on different planes.
- the user of the portable information terminal 9102 can check the display (information 9053 here) in a state where the portable information terminal 9102 is stored in the chest pocket of clothes.
- the telephone number or name of the caller of the incoming call is displayed at a position where it can be observed from above portable information terminal 9102.
- the user can check the display and determine whether to receive a call without taking out the portable information terminal 9102 from the pocket.
- FIG. 24D is a perspective view showing a wristwatch-type portable information terminal 9200.
- the portable information terminal 9200 can execute various applications such as a mobile phone, electronic mail, text browsing and creation, music playback, Internet communication, and computer games.
- the display portion 9001 is provided with a curved display surface, and can perform display along the curved display surface.
- the portable information terminal 9200 can execute short-range wireless communication with a communication standard. For example, it is possible to talk hands-free by communicating with a headset capable of wireless communication.
- the portable information terminal 9200 includes a connection terminal 9006 and can directly exchange data with other information terminals via a connector. Charging can also be performed through the connection terminal 9006. Note that the charging operation may be performed by wireless power feeding without using the connection terminal 9006.
- FIG. 24E, 24F, and 24G are perspective views illustrating a foldable portable information terminal 9201.
- FIG. FIG. 24E is a perspective view of a state in which the portable information terminal 9201 is expanded
- FIG. 24F is a state in the middle of changing from one of the expanded state or the folded state of the portable information terminal 9201 to the other.
- FIG. 24G is a perspective view of the portable information terminal 9201 folded.
- the portable information terminal 9201 is excellent in portability in the folded state, and in the expanded state, the portable information terminal 9201 is excellent in display listability due to a seamless wide display area.
- a display portion 9001 included in the portable information terminal 9201 is supported by three housings 9000 connected by a hinge 9055.
- the portable information terminal 9201 By bending between the two housings 9000 via the hinge 9055, the portable information terminal 9201 can be reversibly deformed from the expanded state to the folded state.
- the portable information terminal 9201 can be bent with a curvature radius of 1 mm to 150 mm.
- the electronic device described in this embodiment includes a display portion for displaying some information. Note that the semiconductor device of one embodiment of the present invention can also be applied to an electronic device that does not include a display portion.
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Abstract
Description
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の半導体装置、及び当該半導体装置の作製方法について、図1乃至図13を参照して説明する。
図1(A)は、本発明の一態様の半導体装置であるトランジスタ100Aの上面図であり、図1(B)は、図1(A)に示す一点鎖線X1−X2間における切断面の断面図に相当し、図1(C)は、図1(A)に示す一点鎖線Y1−Y2間における切断面の断面図に相当する。なお、図1(A)において、煩雑になることを避けるため、トランジスタ100Aの構成要素の一部(ゲート絶縁膜として機能する絶縁膜等)を省略して図示している。また、一点鎖線X1−X2方向をチャネル長方向、一点鎖線Y1−Y2方向をチャネル幅方向と呼称する場合がある。なお、トランジスタの上面図においては、以降の図面においても図1(A)と同様に、構成要素の一部を省略して図示する場合がある。
次に、本実施の形態の半導体装置に含まれる構成要素について、詳細に説明する。
基板102の材質などに大きな制限はないが、少なくとも、後の熱処理に耐えうる程度の耐熱性を有している必要がある。例えば、ガラス基板、セラミック基板、石英基板、サファイア基板等を、基板102として用いてもよい。また、シリコンや炭化シリコンを材料とした単結晶半導体基板、多結晶半導体基板、シリコンゲルマニウム等の化合物半導体基板、SOI基板等を適用することも可能であり、これらの基板上に半導体素子が設けられたものを、基板102として用いてもよい。なお、基板102として、ガラス基板を用いる場合、第6世代(1500mm×1850mm)、第7世代(1870mm×2200mm)、第8世代(2200mm×2400mm)、第9世代(2400mm×2800mm)、第10世代(2950mm×3400mm)等の大面積基板を用いることで、大型の表示装置を作製することができる。
ゲート電極として機能する導電膜104、ソース電極として機能する導電膜112a、及びドレイン電極として機能する導電膜112bとしては、クロム(Cr)、銅(Cu)、アルミニウム(Al)、金(Au)、銀(Ag)、亜鉛(Zn)、モリブデン(Mo)、タンタル(Ta)、チタン(Ti)、タングステン(W)、マンガン(Mn)、ニッケル(Ni)、鉄(Fe)、コバルト(Co)から選ばれた金属元素、または上述した金属元素を成分とする合金か、上述した金属元素を組み合わせた合金等を用いてそれぞれ形成することができる。
トランジスタ100Aのゲート絶縁膜として機能する絶縁膜106としては、プラズマ化学気相堆積(PECVD:(Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition))法、スパッタリング法等により、酸化シリコン膜、酸化窒化シリコン膜、窒化酸化シリコン膜、窒化シリコン膜、酸化アルミニウム膜、酸化ハフニウム膜、酸化イットリウム膜、酸化ジルコニウム膜、酸化ガリウム膜、酸化タンタル膜、酸化マグネシウム膜、酸化ランタン膜、酸化セリウム膜および酸化ネオジム膜を一種以上含む絶縁層を用いることができる。なお、絶縁膜106を、積層構造、または3層以上の積層構造としてもよい。
金属酸化物108としては、先に示す材料を用いることができる。金属酸化物108_1及び金属酸化物108_2は、それぞれIn、M、及びZnの原子数の総和に対して、Inの含有量が40%以上50%以下の領域と、Mの含有量が5%以上30%以下の領域と、を有する。金属酸化物108_1及び金属酸化物108_2が、それぞれ上記の領域を有することで、キャリア密度を高めることができる。
絶縁膜115は、トランジスタ100Aの保護絶縁膜としての機能を有する。または、絶縁膜115は、金属酸化物108に酸素を供給する機能を有する。
次に、図1(A)(B)(C)に示すトランジスタ100Aの変形例について、図3を用いて説明する。
ここで、第2のゲート絶縁膜として機能する絶縁膜116に用いることのできる材料について説明する。絶縁膜116としては、絶縁性材料であればよく、無機材料または有機材料の一方または双方を用いることができる。無機材料としては、酸化シリコン、酸化窒化シリコン、窒化酸化シリコン、窒化シリコン、酸化アルミニウムなどを用いることができる。有機材料としては、ポリイミド樹脂、アクリル樹脂、ポリイミドアミド樹脂、ベンゾシクロブテン樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、エポキシ樹脂等の耐熱性を有する樹脂材料を用いることができる。絶縁膜116として、有機材料、例えばアクリル樹脂を用いると、平坦性を高くすることができ、且つ生産性が高いため好適である。
次に、図3(A)(B)(C)に示すトランジスタ100Bの変形例について、図4を用いて説明する。
ここで、金属酸化物108を積層構造とした場合のバンド構造について、図13を用いて説明する。
次に、図3(A)(B)(C)に示すトランジスタ100Bの変形例について、図5乃至図7を用いて説明する。
次に、本発明の一態様の半導体装置であるトランジスタ100Bの作製方法について、図8乃至図12を用いて説明する。
絶縁膜115_1、115_2は、トランジスタの保護絶縁膜としての機能、及び金属酸化物108に酸素を供給する機能のいずれか一方又は双方を有する。すなわち、絶縁膜115_1、115_2は、酸素を有する。また、絶縁膜115_1は、酸素を透過することのできる絶縁膜である。なお、絶縁膜115_1は、後に形成する絶縁膜115_2を形成する際の、金属酸化物108へのダメージ緩和膜としても機能する。
絶縁膜115_3は、トランジスタの保護絶縁膜として機能する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の半導体膜として用いることができる金属酸化物について説明する。
以下では、金属酸化物の中でも酸化物半導体について説明する。
CAC−OSとは、例えば、図14に示すように、金属酸化物を構成する元素が偏在することで、各元素を主成分とする領域001、領域002、および領域003を形成し、各領域が、混合し、モザイク状に形成される。つまり、金属酸化物を構成する元素が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上2nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで偏在した材料の一構成である。なお、以下では、金属酸化物において、一つあるいはそれ以上の金属元素が偏在し、該金属元素を有する領域が、0.5nm以上10nm以下、好ましくは、1nm以上2nm以下、またはその近傍のサイズで混合した状態をモザイク状、またはパッチ状ともいう。
本実施の形態においては、先の実施の形態で例示したトランジスタを有する表示装置の一例について、図16乃至図18を用いて以下説明を行う。
図17及び図18に示す表示装置700は、引き回し配線部711と、画素部702と、ソースドライバ回路部704と、FPC端子部708と、を有する。また、引き回し配線部711は、信号線710を有する。また、画素部702は、トランジスタ750及び容量素子790を有する。また、ソースドライバ回路部704は、トランジスタ752を有する。
また、図17及び図18に示す表示装置700には入出力装置として、タッチパネル791が設けられている。なお、表示装置700にタッチパネル791を設けない構成としてもよい。
図17に示す表示装置700は、発光素子782を有する。発光素子782は、導電膜772、EL層786、及び導電膜788を有する。図17に示す表示装置700は、発光素子782が有するEL層786が発光することによって、画像を表示することができる。なお、EL層786は、有機化合物、または量子ドットなどの無機化合物を有する。
図18に示す表示装置700は、液晶素子775を有する。液晶素子775は、導電膜772、絶縁膜773、導電膜774、及び液晶層776を有する。導電膜774は、共通電極(コモン電極ともいう)としての機能を有し、絶縁膜773を介して、導電膜772と導電膜774との間に生じる電界によって、液晶層776の配向状態を制御することができる。図18に示す表示装置700は、導電膜772と導電膜774に印加される電圧によって、液晶層776の配向状態が変わることによって光の透過、非透過が制御され画像を表示することができる。
液晶素子775に、ゲスト−ホストモードで動作する液晶材料を用いることにより、光拡散層や偏光板などの機能性部材を省略することができる。図19に示す表示装置700は、図18と同じ構造であるが、液晶層776に、ゲスト−ホストモードで動作する液晶材料を用いている。このとき偏光板などの偏光部材は有しない。
本実施の形態では、表示装置が有する画素の構成の一例について、図20及び図21を用いて説明を行う。
まず、画素について、図20(A1)(A2)(B)を用いて説明する。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様の半導体装置を有する表示モジュール及び電子機器について、図22乃至図24を用いて説明を行う。
本実施の形態では、本発明の一態様を用いて作製することができる表示モジュールについて説明する。
次に、図23(A)乃至図23(E)に電子機器の一例を示す。
次に、図23(A)乃至図23(E)に示す電子機器と、異なる電子機器の一例を図24(A)乃至図24(G)に示す。
002 領域
003 領域
100A トランジスタ
100B トランジスタ
100C トランジスタ
100D トランジスタ
100E トランジスタ
100F トランジスタ
102 基板
104 導電膜
106 絶縁膜
108 金属酸化物
108_1 金属酸化物
108_1_0 金属酸化物
108_2 金属酸化物
108_2_0 金属酸化物
108_3 金属酸化物
112 導電膜
112a 導電膜
112a_1 導電膜
112a_2 導電膜
112a_3 導電膜
112b 導電膜
112b_1 導電膜
112b_2 導電膜
112b_3 導電膜
112c 導電膜
113a 絶縁膜
113b 絶縁膜
115 絶縁膜
115_1 絶縁膜
115_2 絶縁膜
115_3 絶縁膜
116 絶縁膜
120 導電膜
120a 導電膜
120b 導電膜
151 開口部
152a 開口部
152b 開口部
191 ターゲット
192 プラズマ
193 ターゲット
194 プラズマ
201 チャネル形成領域
202A 端部領域
202B 端部領域
203A 領域
203B 領域
203C 領域
203D 領域
204A 端部
204B 端部
206 間隔
207 間隔
211 チャネル幅
212 端部幅
700 表示装置
701 基板
702 画素部
704 ソースドライバ回路部
705 基板
706 ゲートドライバ回路部
708 FPC端子部
710 信号線
711 配線部
712 シール材
716 FPC
730 絶縁膜
732 封止膜
734 絶縁膜
736 着色膜
738 遮光膜
750 トランジスタ
752 トランジスタ
760 接続電極
770 平坦化絶縁膜
772 導電膜
773 絶縁膜
774 導電膜
775 液晶素子
776 液晶層
778 構造体
780 異方性導電膜
782 発光素子
786 EL層
788 導電膜
790 容量素子
791 タッチパネル
792 絶縁膜
793 電極
794 電極
795 絶縁膜
796 電極
797 絶縁膜
900 画素
900s 遮光領域
900t 透過領域
901 駆動回路部
902 配線
904 配線
906 配線
910 トランジスタ
911 トランジスタ
912 トランジスタ
913 容量素子
914 トランジスタ
915 容量素子
916B 発光領域
916G 発光領域
916R 発光領域
918B 表示領域
918G 表示領域
918R 表示領域
918W 表示領域
930EL 発光素子
930LC 液晶素子
932CF 着色膜
932BM 遮光膜
6000 表示モジュール
6001 上部カバー
6002 下部カバー
6005 FPC
6006 表示パネル
6009 フレーム
6010 プリント基板
6011 バッテリ
6015 発光部
6016 受光部
6017a 導光部
6017b 導光部
6018 光
8000 カメラ
8001 筐体
8002 表示部
8003 操作ボタン
8004 シャッターボタン
8006 レンズ
8100 ファインダー
8101 筐体
8102 表示部
8103 ボタン
8200 ヘッドマウントディスプレイ
8201 装着部
8202 レンズ
8203 本体
8204 表示部
8205 ケーブル
8206 バッテリ
8300 ヘッドマウントディスプレイ
8301 筐体
8302 表示部
8304 固定具
8305 レンズ
9000 筐体
9001 表示部
9003 スピーカ
9005 操作キー
9006 接続端子
9007 センサ
9008 マイクロフォン
9050 操作ボタン
9051 情報
9052 情報
9053 情報
9054 情報
9055 ヒンジ
9100 テレビジョン装置
9101 携帯情報端末
9102 携帯情報端末
9200 携帯情報端末
9201 携帯情報端末
Claims (8)
- 金属酸化物を有する半導体装置であって、
前記半導体装置は、
ゲート電極と、
前記ゲート電極上の第1の絶縁膜と、
前記第1の絶縁膜上の前記金属酸化物と、
前記金属酸化物上の一対の電極と、
前記金属酸化物上の第2の絶縁膜と、を有し、
前記金属酸化物は、ソース領域と、ドレイン領域と、第1の領域と、第2の領域と、第3の領域と、を有し、
前記ソース領域は、前記一対の電極の一方と接し、
前記ドレイン領域は、前記一対の電極の他方と接し、
前記第1の領域と、前記第2の領域と、前記第3の領域と、はいずれも前記ソース領域と、前記ドレイン領域とにチャネル長方向に沿って挟まれ、
前記第2の領域は、チャネル幅方向に沿って、前記第1の領域と、前記第3の領域と、に挟まれ、
前記第1の領域及び前記第3の領域は、それぞれ前記金属酸化物の端部を含み、
チャネル長方向に沿った長さにおいて、前記第2の領域の長さは、前記第1の領域の長さ、または前記第3の領域の長さ、より小である半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
チャネル長方向に沿った長さにおいて、
前記第2の領域の長さは、0μmより大であり4μm未満であり、
前記第1の領域の長さ、または前記第3の領域の長さ、は、前記第2の領域の長さの3倍より大であり、金属酸化物の長さより小である半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記ソース領域から、前記ドレイン領域への最短経路は、前記第2の領域に含まれる半導体装置。 - 請求項1において、
前記金属酸化物は、第1の金属酸化物と、前記第1の金属酸化物の上面に接する第2の金属酸化物と、を有し、
前記第1の金属酸化物及び前記第2の金属酸化物は、
それぞれ、Inと、元素M(Mは、ガリウム、アルミニウム、シリコン、ホウ素、イットリウム、スズ、銅、バナジウム、ベリリウム、チタン、鉄、ニッケル、ゲルマニウム、ジルコニウム、モリブデン、ランタン、セリウム、ネオジム、ハフニウム、タンタル、タングステン、またはマグネシウム)と、Znと、を有し、
前記第1の金属酸化物は、前記第2の金属酸化物よりも結晶性が低い領域を有する半導体装置。 - 請求項4において、
前記第1の金属酸化物及び前記第2の金属酸化物は、
それぞれ、前記In、前記M、及び前記Znの原子数の総和に対して、
前記Inの含有量が40%以上50%以下の領域と、前記Mの含有量が5%以上30%以下の領域と、を有する、
ことを特徴とする半導体装置。 - 請求項4において、
前記第1の金属酸化物及び前記第2の金属酸化物は、
それぞれ、前記Inの原子数比が4の場合、前記Mの原子数比が1.5以上2.5以下であり、且つ前記Znの原子数比が2以上4以下である半導体装置。 - 請求項4において、
前記第1の金属酸化物及び前記第2の金属酸化物は、
それぞれ、前記Inの原子数比が5の場合、前記Mの原子数比が0.5以上1.5以下であり、且つ前記Znの原子数比が5以上7以下である半導体装置。 - 請求項4において、
前記金属酸化物をXRD分析により測定した場合に、
前記第1の金属酸化物は、2θ=31°近傍にピークが観察されず、
前記第2の金属酸化物は、2θ=31°近傍にピークが観察される半導体装置。
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CN201780071781.5A CN110024135B (zh) | 2016-12-02 | 2017-11-21 | 半导体装置 |
US16/348,290 US11075075B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2017-11-21 | Semiconductor device including metal oxide with multiple regions |
US17/381,700 US11688602B2 (en) | 2016-12-02 | 2021-07-21 | Semiconductor device with electrodes over oxide semiconductor |
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JP7085491B2 (ja) * | 2016-12-02 | 2022-06-16 | 株式会社半導体エネルギー研究所 | 半導体装置 |
US12058891B2 (en) * | 2018-09-18 | 2024-08-06 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Display device that alleviates limitations in materials |
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