WO2018098909A1 - 一种用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置 - Google Patents

一种用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018098909A1
WO2018098909A1 PCT/CN2017/074364 CN2017074364W WO2018098909A1 WO 2018098909 A1 WO2018098909 A1 WO 2018098909A1 CN 2017074364 W CN2017074364 W CN 2017074364W WO 2018098909 A1 WO2018098909 A1 WO 2018098909A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
semi
trailer
support frame
fixing device
clamping
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Application number
PCT/CN2017/074364
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
阮卜琴
肖招银
Original Assignee
浙江双友物流器械股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2018098909A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018098909A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
    • B61D3/16—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads
    • B61D3/18—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads for vehicles
    • B61D3/182—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads for vehicles specially adapted for heavy vehicles, e.g. public work vehicles, trucks, trailers
    • B61D3/184—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads for vehicles specially adapted for heavy vehicles, e.g. public work vehicles, trucks, trailers the heavy vehicles being of the trailer or semi-trailer type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D3/00—Wagons or vans
    • B61D3/16—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads
    • B61D3/18—Wagons or vans adapted for carrying special loads for vehicles
    • B61D3/187—Details, e.g. bridges for floor connections
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D45/00—Means or devices for securing or supporting the cargo, including protection against shocks
    • B61D45/001—Devices for fixing to walls or floors
    • B61D45/004—Fixing semi-trailers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D45/00—Means or devices for securing or supporting the cargo, including protection against shocks
    • B61D45/008—Shock absorbing devices

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of machinery and relates to a semi-trailer fixing device for railway transportation.
  • Flat cars are mainly used to transport bulky or heavy goods such as steel, wood, automobiles, machinery and equipment, and can also transport other goods by means of containers.
  • containers are generally placed in flat cars for transportation.
  • a Chinese patent application (Application No.: 201020622291.5) discloses a flat car undercarriage for a railway container, the underframe comprising a well-type concave bottom structure welded by side beams, large and small beams and a lock device;
  • the side girders are formed by bending side wall panels matched with the railway boundary, bearing profiled steel and built-in bending side columns, and mounting guide plates on the side beams; the large beams are placed in the container in the device
  • the bearing position is a box-shaped structure welded by the bottom plate and the top plate, the top plate is folded into an ingot shape, and is welded to the side column and the lower side beam of the side beam through a plurality of elliptical holes;
  • the lock head is The fixed lock head is disposed at the end of the device.
  • the flat car undercarriage has the following defects: 1. Due to the fixed size of the concave bottom structure, the flat car can only fix a container of a certain size and has poor versatility; 2. The container passes through a fixed lock and a keyhole. The fit is fixed, and the up and down direction cannot be fixed. Therefore, it is also necessary to fix by means of other binding parts. This fixing method is not only troublesome to operate, but also difficult to ensure stability; 3. The container is required to be lifted from the vehicle to the flat car. After a long time, the driver needs to wait for the loading and unloading process of the container after the goods are transported to the destination, wasting time.
  • the object of the present invention is to solve the above problems in the prior art, and to provide a semi-trailer fixing device for railway transportation.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is how to improve the stability and operation of the semi-trailer after fixing. Sex.
  • a semi-trailer fixing device for railway transportation comprising a flat car underframe, which is provided with a wheel for placing on the front and rear positions of the semi-trailer.
  • the support frame of the limit is characterized in that: the support frame is provided with a clamping member capable of holding the wheel, the clamping member comprises two oppositely disposed clamping arms, and the lower ends of the two clamping arms each have a different direction a support portion extending in the direction of the clamp arm, the upper ends of the two clamp arms each having a pressing portion extending toward the other clamp arm and capable of pressing the wheel, the clamp arm being slidably coupled to the support frame, the two clamp arms When the upward movement, the two clamp arms can be moved closer to each other and the pressing portion is pressed against the wheel, and a locking member capable of restricting the upward movement of the clamp arm is further disposed between the clamp arm and the support frame.
  • the support frame of the fixing device is mounted on the flat car frame, so that the container can be directly hoisted together with the semi-trailer to the flat car for transportation.
  • the two oppositely disposed clamp arms are kept open, the crane controls the semi-trailer to move down, and the wheels of the semi-trailer abut against the support portion, so that the two clamp arms are moved together with the semi-trailer Move down and close to each other, and then hold the wheel.
  • the pressing portion of the clamp arm is pressed against the hub of the wheel, and then the clamp arm and the support frame are locked by the locking member.
  • the support frame of the fixing device can be placed for the wheel of the semi-trailer and is limited in the front-rear direction, and the clamping arm is arranged on the support frame, and the corresponding two clamping arms are respectively located on both sides of the wheel, and the wheel can be hung tightly to realize the semi-trailer
  • the two clamp arms are locked upwards, so that the semi-trailer is well-retained in the front, rear, left and right, and up and down directions, and there is no offset during transportation, and the stability is good. Moreover, the downward movement of the clamp arm to close the wheel and the upward movement can be simultaneously completed during the lifting loading and unloading process, and the operation is relatively simple.
  • the support frame has a support base, and the support base includes two sliding plates arranged side by side, and the two sliding plates are respectively provided with a sliding groove, and the sliding groove includes a vertical groove and an inclined groove which are inclined outwardly from the vertical groove, the clamping arm is located between the two sliding plates, the clamping arm is provided with a connecting shaft, and both ends of the connecting shaft are respectively slidably connected through the clamping arm In the chute of the two sliding plates.
  • the sliding plate is provided with a sliding slot, and the clamping arm is slidably connected in the sliding slot.
  • the sliding slot comprises a vertical slot and an inclined slot.
  • the two clamping arms can be opened when moving upward, and the two clamping arms move downward.
  • the semi-trailer has a good limit in front, back, left and right, and up and down directions. There is no offset during transportation and the stability is good.
  • the clamping arm is connected in the sliding slot through the connecting shaft, and the clamping arm itself can swing around the connecting shaft, so that the clamping arm is more easily opened when moving upward, and when moving downward, the wheel is pressed on the supporting portion, and the pressure is made by the principle of the lever.
  • the tight portion can be pressed against the hub of the wheel for better stability after fixing.
  • the clamping arm moves down along the chute to hold the wheel and the upward movement is synchronously completed, and does not need to be driven by other driving members, and the operation is relatively simple.
  • the clamp arm and the support There is also a tension spring between the brackets for keeping the clamp arm always moving upward, the tension spring being connected at one end to the support frame and the other end being connected to the connecting shaft.
  • the clamp arm is in an open state, which makes the hoisting more convenient, the crane controls the semi-trailer to move down, and the wheel of the semi-trailer abuts on the support portion, so that the two clamp arms follow
  • the semi-trailers move down together and close each other and hold the wheels, so that the semi-trailer has a good limit in front, back, left and right, and up and down directions, and there is no offset during transportation, and the stability is good.
  • the tension spring is stretched under the gravity of the semi-trailer. When loading and unloading to the destination, the semi-trailer is lifted up by the crane, so that the clamp arm can be moved upward. Since the tension spring is in the stretched state, the tension spring also has an upward pulling force on the clamp arm, thereby Semi-trailer loading and unloading is more convenient and smooth.
  • the tension spring has two, and two tension springs are respectively located on two sides of the clamp arm, and two ends of the two tension springs are respectively connected to the support base and the connecting shaft. Both ends.
  • the connecting shaft has two, and the two connecting shafts are arranged in parallel.
  • a rectangular shape can be formed between the two connecting shafts and the sliding groove wall of the two sliding plates, and the clamping arm can only swing obliquely under the cooperation of the inclined groove and the vertical groove, so that the stability of the clamping arm after holding the wheel is more stable. Ok, it is not easy to shift.
  • two connecting shafts are disposed near the bottom end of the clamping arm, and the spacing between the two connecting shafts is smaller than the length of the vertical groove and the length of the inclined groove, the tension spring Attached to the connecting shaft that is closer to the upper end of the clamp arm.
  • the two connecting shafts are arranged near the bottom end of the clamping arm, and when the clamping arm slides into the vertical slot from the inclined groove, since the wheel is pressed against the supporting portion, the pressing portion can be pressed against the wheel by the principle of the lever On the hub, the stability is better after fixing.
  • the distance between the two connecting shafts is smaller than the length of the vertical groove and the inclined groove, so that the two connecting shafts are at the clamp arm Both the tight state and the open state can be located in the same chute, further ensuring stability.
  • the connecting shaft has a connecting portion at both ends thereof, the connecting portion has a diameter smaller than a diameter of the connecting shaft, and the connecting portion is disposed in the sliding groove.
  • the diameter of the connecting shaft is larger than the width of the chute.
  • one of the clamp arms has a hinge groove on the support portion and the support portion is provided with an hinge shaft, and the other clamp arm has a mounting rib thereon, the mounting protrusion
  • the strip has a sliding groove extending through the two side walls of the mounting rib, and the mounting rib penetrates through the hinge groove and the hinge shaft passes through the sliding groove.
  • the support portions of the two oppositely disposed clamp arms are connected by the hinge shaft, so that the relative positions between the two clamp arms are not offset, and the stability of the semi-trailer after fixing is ensured.
  • the matching design of the sliding groove and the hinge shaft can ensure that the two clamping arms can open and close each other.
  • the locking member includes a locking tooth plate having a one-way tooth on the plate surface, and the locking tooth plate is hinged on the support frame by a rotating shaft.
  • One of the clamping arms has a one-way tooth groove, and the locking tooth plate is disposed opposite to the clamping arm and the one-way locking tooth can be caught in the one-way tooth groove.
  • the rotating shaft is sleeved with a torsion spring, and the torsion spring is connected at one end to the support frame, and the other end is connected to the locking tooth plate.
  • the torsion spring By setting the torsion spring, the locking tooth plate can always have the tendency to be stuck on the clamping arm. After the lifting is completed, the limiting effect on the clamping arm is better and the stability is better. And And since the locking direction is unidirectional, no manual operation is required during the lifting process.
  • the support frame further has a retaining groove, and the retaining groove is disposed corresponding to the clamping member, and the supporting portion of the clamping arm can be embedded in the corresponding Give way to the slot.
  • the support portion of the clamp arm can be embedded in the retaining groove, so that the support portion and the bottom surface of the support frame are at the same level, which further ensures the stability of the semi-trailer after fixing.
  • a buffer patch is further provided on the upper end of the clamp arm and the pressing portion. After the hoisting is completed, the two clamp arms hold the wheels of the semi-trailer, and the pressing portion is pressed against the hub of the wheel.
  • the buffer protection effect can be achieved.
  • the wheel hub of the wheel is prevented from being worn, and the friction is prevented from being abnormal, and the cushioning patch is made of a rubber material.
  • the support frame has a support base, and the support base includes two sliding rods arranged side by side, the sliding rod having a vertical section and a relatively vertical section outward An obliquely disposed inclined section, the clamping arm is located between the two sliding rods, the clamping arm is provided with a connecting shaft, the two ends of the connecting shaft pass through the clamping arm and the connecting shaft has a connecting hole at both ends thereof.
  • the two sliding rods respectively correspond to the connecting holes passing through the two ends of the connecting shaft, and the connecting shaft can slide up and down along the sliding rod.
  • the clamping arm can slide up and down along the sliding rod, and the sliding rod has a vertical section and a slanting section.
  • the two clamping arms can be opened when moving upward, and the two clamping arms can be close to each other and hold when moving downward. Tightening the wheel, so that the semi-trailer is fixed, the front and rear, the left and right, and the up and down direction are well limited, no offset during transportation, and good stability.
  • the clamp arm is connected by the connecting shaft, and the clamp arm itself can swing around the connecting shaft, so that the clamp arm is more easily opened when moving upward, and when the downward movement, the wheel is pressed on the support portion, and the pressing portion can be pressed by the principle of the lever. Tight to the wheel hub, the stability is better after fixing.
  • the locking member includes a locking bolt
  • the support frame has a threaded hole
  • the clamping arm has a positioning hole thereon.
  • the locking bolt is threaded into the threaded hole and the end portion can penetrate into the positioning hole.
  • the locking bolt is threaded on the support frame. After the lifting is completed, the locking bolt is tightened, so that the end of the locking bolt penetrates into the positioning hole on the clamping arm, so that the clamping arm is locked and cannot move up and down, so that the clamping The arm can hold the wheel very well.
  • the front and rear, left and right, and up and down directions are well limited. There is no offset during transportation and the stability is good. When unloading after transporting to the destination, simply loosen the lock nut and let the end exit the positioning hole of the clamp arm.
  • the pressing portion is formed by bending an upper end of the clamp arm toward the other clamp arm, and the support portion is bent from the lower end of the clamp arm toward the other clamp arm. Folded.
  • the pressing portion and the supporting portion are respectively formed by bending both ends of the clamping arm to facilitate processing.
  • the support frame is detachably coupled to the flat vehicle chassis by a fastener.
  • the support frame is detachable, which is convenient for replacement after damage, and the support frame is removed, and the flat car can be used for lifting and fixing the container, and the versatility is good.
  • the semi-trailer fixing device used for railway transportation has the following advantages:
  • the clamping arm can automatically achieve the closeness of each other by the principle of the lever, and the stability is good, and during the unloading process, the two clamp arms are acted upon by the crane. It can be moved up and opened together with the semi-trailer, and the operation is also convenient.
  • the support portions of the two oppositely disposed clamp arms are connected by the hinge shaft, so that the relative positions between the two clamp arms are not offset, and the semi-trailer is ensured to have better stability after being fixed, and at the same time, the sliding groove and The joint design of the hinged shaft ensures that the two clamp arms can open and close each other.
  • the buffer patch can play a buffer protection role, to prevent wheel hub wear, and can prevent friction from generating abnormal noise.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view showing the use of a semi-trailer fixing device for railway transportation in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of the semi-trailer fixing device for railway transportation in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view showing the structure of the two clamp arms when the wheel is huged in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the assembly of the support frame and the clamping member in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of A in Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is an enlarged view of B in Figure 4.
  • Figure 7 is a partial structural view of the support frame in the first embodiment.
  • Figure 8 is an enlarged view of a portion C in Figure 7.
  • Figure 9 is an exploded view of the clamp.
  • Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional structural view showing the two clamp arms in the first embodiment when the wheel is huged.
  • Figure 11 is a partial assembly view of the support frame and the clamping member in the second embodiment.
  • the semi-trailer fixing device for railway transportation includes a flat car underframe 1, and the flat car underframe 1 is provided with a wheel 2a for placing and can limit the front and rear positions of the semi-trailer 2.
  • the support frame 4 is provided with a clamp member 5 capable of holding the wheel 2a.
  • the support frame 4 has two and arranged side by side, and the support frame 4 is detachably connected to the flat car frame 1 by fasteners, which is convenient for replacement after damage.
  • the container 3 can be directly hoisted together with the semi-trailer 2 to the flat car frame 1 for transportation, and the support frame 4 can be removed, and the flat car frame 1 can be used for lifting and fixing the container 3, which has good versatility.
  • the two support frames 4 is also possible to use the two support frames 4 as a one-piece structure.
  • each of the support frames 4 is provided with two clamping members 5 corresponding to the two front and rear tires of the semi-trailer 2, respectively.
  • the support frame 4 has a support base 4a.
  • the support base 4a includes two sliding plates 4a1 arranged side by side.
  • the two sliding plates 4a1 are respectively provided with a sliding slot 4a2.
  • the sliding slot 4a2 includes a vertical slot 4a2a and
  • the inclined groove 4a2b is disposed obliquely outward with respect to the vertical groove 4a2a.
  • the clamping member 5 comprises two oppositely disposed clamping arms 5a.
  • the bottom end of the clamping arm 5a has a support portion 5a1, and the upper end of the clamping arm 5a has a pressing portion capable of pressing the wheel 2a.
  • the pressing portion 5a2 is formed by bending the upper end of the clamp arm 5a toward the other clamp arm 5a
  • the support portion 5a1 is formed by bending the lower end of the clamp arm 5a toward the other clamp arm 5a.
  • the clamping arm 5a is located between the two sliding plates 4a1.
  • the clamping arm 5a is provided with a connecting shaft 7 and the two ends of the connecting shaft 7 pass through the clamping arm 5a.
  • the connecting portions 7a are connected at both ends of the connecting shaft 7, and the connecting portion 7a is The diameter is smaller than the diameter of the connecting shaft 7, the connecting portion 7a is disposed in the sliding slot 4a2, the connecting shaft 7 has two, the two connecting shafts 7 are arranged in parallel, and the two connecting shafts 7 are disposed near the bottom end of the clamping arm 5a, two The spacing between the connecting shafts 7 is smaller than the length of the vertical grooves 4a2a and the length of the inclined grooves 4a2b.
  • a tension spring 8 is provided between the clamp arm 5a and the sliding plate 4a1 so that the clamp arm 5a always has an upward movement tendency.
  • the tension spring 8 is connected to the sliding plate 4a1, and the other end is connected to the closer clamp.
  • the tension spring 8 On the connecting shaft 7 at the upper end of the arm 5a, the tension spring 8 has two, and two tension springs 8 They are respectively located on both sides of the two sliding plates 4a1.
  • the two oppositely disposed clamp arms 5a are kept open, the crane controls the semi-trailer 2 to move downward, and the wheel 2a of the semi-trailer 2 abuts against the support portion 5a1.
  • the support portion 5a1 of one of the clamp arms 5a has a hinge groove 5a1a, and the support portion 5a1 is provided with a hinge shaft 9 thereon, and the other clamp arm 5a has a mounting rib 5a1b thereon.
  • the mounting rib 5a1b has a sliding groove 5a1c penetrating through the side walls of the mounting rib 5a1b, the mounting rib 5a1b is bored in the hinge groove 5a1a and the hinge shaft 9 passes through the sliding groove 5a1c so that the relative positions between the two clamping arms 5a There is no offset, which ensures better stability after the semi-trailer 2 is fixed, and at the same time ensures that the two clamp arms 5a can open and close each other.
  • a locking member 6 capable of restricting the upward movement of the clamp arm 5a is further disposed between the clamp arm 5a and the support frame 4.
  • the locking member 6 includes a locking tooth plate 6a having a one-way tooth on the plate surface, and the locking tooth plate 6a is hinged on the sliding plate 4a1 of the support frame 4 via the rotating shaft 10, wherein one of the clamping arms 5a has a one-way tooth groove 5a3, the rotating shaft 10 is sleeved with a torsion spring 11 which is connected at one end to the support frame 4 and at the other end to the locking tooth plate 6a.
  • the locking tooth plate 6a is opposite to the clamping arm 5a and acts on the circlip.
  • the lower one-way latch can be caught in the one-way slot 5a3.
  • the locking tooth plate 6a presses the clamp arm 5a downward, and the clamp arm 5a is restricted from being upward.
  • the movement is such that the clamp arm 5a can hold the wheel 2a very well.
  • the front and rear, the left and right, and the up and down direction are well limited, and no deviation occurs during transportation, and the stability is good.
  • the locking direction is unidirectional, no manual operation is required during the hoisting process.
  • the support frame 4 further has a retaining groove 4b, and the retaining groove 4b is disposed corresponding to the clamping member 5, and the supporting portion 5a1 of the clamping arm 5a can be embedded in the corresponding retaining groove.
  • the support portion 5a1 and the bottom surface of the support frame 4 are on the same horizontal surface, which further ensures the stability of the semi-trailer 2 after being fixed.
  • the upper end of the clamp arm 5a and the pressing portion 5a2 are further provided with a cushioning patch 12, which can serve as a cushioning protection, prevent the hub of the wheel 2a from being worn, and can prevent the noise from being generated, and the cushioning patch can be prevented.
  • 12 is made of rubber material.
  • the semi-trailer fixing device of this embodiment is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, and the difference is that, as shown in FIG. 11, the support frame 4 has a support base 4a, and the support base 4a includes two sliding rods 4a3 arranged side by side, and the sliding rod 4a3 has a vertical section 4a3a and an inclined section 4a3b which is disposed obliquely outward with respect to the vertical section 4a3a.
  • the clamping arm 5a is located between the two sliding rods 4a3.
  • the clamping arm 5a is provided with a connecting shaft 7, and both ends of the connecting shaft 7 pass through the clamping arm 5a, and both ends of the connecting shaft 7 have connecting holes, and the two sliding rods 4a3 respectively Corresponding to the connecting holes passing through both ends of the connecting shaft 7, the connecting shaft 7 can slide up and down along the slide bar 4a3.
  • the clamp arm 5a is slidable up and down along the slide bar 4a3, and the slide bar 4a3 has a vertical section 4a3a and an inclined section 4a3b.
  • the semi-trailer fixing device of this embodiment is basically the same as the first embodiment, except that the locking member 6 includes a locking bolt, the support frame 4 has a threaded hole, and the clamping arm 5a has a positioning hole for locking the bolt thread. It is connected in the threaded hole and the end can penetrate into the positioning hole. After the hoisting is completed, the locking bolt is tightened, so that the end of the locking bolt penetrates into the positioning hole on the clamping arm 5a, so that the clamping arm 5a is locked and cannot move up and down, so that the clamping arm 5a can hold the wheel well. 2a. When it is necessary to unload after transporting to the destination, simply loosen the lock nut and let the end exit the positioning hole of the clamp arm 5a.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，属于机械技术领域。它解决了现有的半挂车固定装置操作麻烦、稳定性差的问题。本用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，包括平车底架，平车底架上设有支撑架，支撑架上设有夹持件，夹持件包括两个相对设置的夹臂，两个夹臂的下端均具有向另一个夹臂方向延伸的支撑部，两个夹臂的上端均具有向另一个夹臂方向延伸的压紧部，夹臂滑动连接在支撑架上，两夹臂向上移动时能够张开，向下移动时能够相互靠拢且压紧部压紧在车轮上，其中一夹臂与支撑架之间还设有能够限制夹臂向上移动的锁紧件。本半挂车固定装置能够实现半挂车吊装固定后前后、左右以及上下方向的限位，运输过程中不会发生偏移，稳定性好。

Description

一种用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置 技术领域
本发明属于机械技术领域，涉及一种用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置。
背景技术
平车主要用于运送钢材、木材、汽车、机械设备等体积或重量较大的货物，也可借助集装箱运送其他货物。在铁路运输中，一般都是将集装箱放置到平车内进行运输的。
如中国专利申请(申请号：201020622291.5)公开了一种铁路集装箱专用平车底架，所述底架包括由侧梁，大小横梁以及锁头装置等组焊而成的井式凹底结构；所述侧梁由与铁路限界相匹配的折弯侧墙板，承载异型钢及内置式折弯侧柱组焊而成，并在侧梁上安装导向板；所述大横梁安置于装置中的集装箱承载位置，为由底板和顶板组焊而成的箱型结构，顶板折成元宝形，并通过若干个椭圆孔与侧梁中的侧柱及下侧梁组焊在一起；所述锁头为固定式锁头，设置在装置的端部，在使用时候，将集装箱放置于凹底结构内，集装箱底部的锁孔一一插接在锁头内，使集装箱进行定位。上述的平车底架存在以下缺陷：1、由于凹底结构大小固定，因此该平车只能进行固定某一大小型号的集装箱，通用性较差；2、集装箱通过固定的锁头与锁孔的配合进行固定，上下方向不能得到固定，因此还需要借助其他的捆绑件进行固定，这样的固定方式不仅操作麻烦，而且稳定性难以得到保证；3、集装箱从车上吊装到平车上所需时间较长，司机将货物运输到目的地之后，需要等待集装箱的装卸过程，浪费时间。
为此，人们便想到了一些新的输送方式，如中国专利申请(申 请号：201610505052.3)公开了一种适用于铁路运输的轮式车辆运输装置，该装置通过将整个半挂车吊装至平车上进行运输，从而在集装箱尺寸的局限性上有所改善，而且使得上下货时间减少，但是，该装置仅仅是对车辆的车轮滚动方向进行限位，即仅能对半挂车前后位置进行限位，左右位置和上下位置没有限位，因此，还是需要借助其他的捆绑件进行固定，不仅操作麻烦，而且固定的稳定性也还是较差。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有的技术存在上述问题，提出了一种用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，本发明所要解决的技术问题是：如何提高半挂车固定后的稳定性和操作的简便性。
本发明的目的可通过下列技术方案来实现：一种用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，包括平车底架，所述平车底架上设有供车轮放置且能对半挂车前后位置进行限位的支撑架，其特征在于，所述支撑架上设有能够抱紧车轮的夹持件，所述夹持件包括两个相对设置的夹臂，两个夹臂的下端均具有向另一个夹臂方向延伸的支撑部，两个夹臂的上端均具有向另一个夹臂方向延伸且能够压紧车轮的压紧部，所述夹臂滑动连接在所述支撑架上，两夹臂向上移动时能够张开，两夹臂向下移动时能够相互靠拢且压紧部压紧在车轮上，其中一夹臂与支撑架之间还设有能够限制夹臂向上移动的锁紧件。
本固定装置的支撑架装在平车底架上使用，从而可直接将集装箱连同半挂车一起吊装到平车上进行运输。吊装过程中，两个相对设置的夹臂之间是保持张开状态的，吊机控制半挂车下移，半挂车的车轮抵靠在支撑部上，从而使得两夹臂随着半挂车一起向下移动并相互靠拢，继而抱紧车轮，此时，夹臂的压紧部压紧在车轮的轮毂上，然后再通过锁紧件将夹臂和支撑架锁紧。当运 输到目的地后需要装卸时，打开锁紧件，然后通过吊机起吊半挂车向上移动，由于夹臂的压紧部是压在车轮的轮毂上的，从而能够带动两夹臂一起向上移动并张开，半挂车能够顺利吊出。
本固定装置的支撑架能够供半挂车的车轮放置并进行前后方向的限位，并且在支撑架上设置夹臂，对应的两夹臂分别位于车轮的两侧，能够抱紧车轮实现对半挂车左右方向的限位，同时夹臂的支撑部被车轮向下压紧，而压紧部能够压紧在车轮的轮毂上，实现对半挂车上下方向的限位，通过锁紧件的锁紧作用，两夹臂向上移动被锁止，从而使得半挂车固定后前后、左右以及上下方向均得到了很好的限位，运输过程中不会发生偏移，稳定性好。而且夹臂的向下移动靠拢抱紧车轮和向上移动张开均可以在起吊装载和卸载过程中同步完成，操作较为简便。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述支撑架上具有支撑座，所述支撑座包括两并排设置的滑动板，两滑动板上均设有滑槽，所述滑槽包括竖直槽和相对竖直槽向外倾斜设置的倾斜槽，所述夹臂位于两滑动板之间，所述夹臂上穿设有连接轴且连接轴的两端穿出夹臂分别滑动连接在两滑动板的滑槽内。滑动板上设有滑槽，夹臂滑动连接在滑槽内，滑槽包括竖直槽和倾斜槽，通过两者的配合，使得两夹臂向上移动时能够张开，两夹臂向下移动时能够相互靠拢并抱紧车轮，从而使得半挂车固定后前后、左右以及上下方向均得到了很好的限位，运输过程中不会发生偏移，稳定性好。同时，夹臂通过连接轴连接在滑槽内，夹臂本身能够绕连接轴摆动，使得夹臂向上移动时更易张开，向下移动时，车轮压在支撑部上，通过杠杆原理，使得压紧部能够压紧在车轮的轮毂上，固定后稳定性更好。而且夹臂沿滑槽向下移动靠拢抱紧车轮和向上移动张开均是同步完成，无需通过其他驱动件驱动，操作较为简便。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述夹臂与支 撑架之间还设有使夹臂始终具有向上移动趋势的拉簧，所述拉簧一端连接在支撑架上，另一端连接在连接轴上。吊装过程中，在拉簧的作用下，夹臂处于张开状态，使得吊装更为方便，吊机控制半挂车下移，半挂车的车轮抵靠在支撑部上，从而使得两夹臂随着半挂车一起向下移动并相互靠拢并抱紧车轮，从而使得半挂车固定后前后、左右以及上下方向均得到了很好的限位，运输过程中不会发生偏移，稳定性好，此时，在半挂车重力作用下，拉簧被拉伸。当运输到目的地后需要装卸时，通过吊机起吊半挂车向上移动，从而能够带动夹臂向上移动，由于拉簧处于被拉伸状态，因此拉簧对夹臂也具有向上的拉力，从而使得半挂车装卸更为的方便、顺畅。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述拉簧有两根，两根拉簧分别位于夹臂的两侧，两根拉簧的两端分别连接在支撑座和连接轴的两端。通过在两侧均设置拉簧，使得夹臂滑动时不易发生单边偏移，平稳性更好，从而保证夹臂能够稳定的抱紧车轮。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述连接轴具有两根，两根连接轴平行设置。两根连接轴与两滑动板的滑槽槽壁之间能够形成一个矩形，夹臂只能在倾斜槽和竖直槽的配合作用下才能发生倾斜摆动，使得夹臂抱紧车轮后稳定性更好，不易发生偏移。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，两根连接轴靠近夹臂的底端设置，两根连接轴之间的间距小于竖直槽的长度和倾斜槽的长度，所述拉簧连接在较靠近夹臂上端的那根连接轴上。两根连接轴靠近夹臂的底端设置，夹臂从倾斜槽中滑入竖直槽中时，由于车轮是压在支撑部上的，通过杠杆原理，使得压紧部能够压紧在车轮的轮毂上，固定后稳定性更好。而且，两根连接轴的间距小于竖直槽和倾斜槽的长度，使得两根连接轴在夹臂处于 抱紧状态时和张开状态时均能位于同一滑槽内，进一步保证了稳定性。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述连接轴的两端处均连接部，所述连接部的直径小于连接轴的直径，所述连接部穿设在滑槽内，所述连接轴的直径大于滑槽的宽度。上述的设计，使得连接轴在前后方向上均有个限位，不易从滑槽中脱落，进一步保证了半挂车固定后的稳定性。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，其中一个夹臂的支撑部上具有铰接槽且该支撑部上穿设有铰接轴，另一个夹臂上具有安装凸条，所述安装凸条上具有贯穿安装凸条两侧壁的滑动槽，所述安装凸条穿设在铰接槽内且铰接轴穿过所述滑动槽。两相对设置的夹臂的支撑部之间通过铰接轴连接，使得两夹臂之间的相对位置不会发生偏移，保证半挂车固定后具有较好的稳定性。同时，滑动槽和铰接轴的配合设计，能够保证两夹臂之间可以相互张开和靠拢。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述锁紧件包括板面上具有单向卡齿的锁紧齿板，所述锁紧齿板通过转轴铰接在所述支撑架上，其中一个夹臂上具有单向齿槽，所述锁紧齿板与所述夹臂相对设置且所述单向卡齿能够卡在所述单向齿槽内。通过锁紧齿板的单向卡齿与夹臂上的单向齿槽的配合卡接作用，使得锁紧齿板将夹臂向下压紧，夹臂被限制不能向上移动，从而使得夹臂能够很好的抱紧车轮，半挂车固定后前后、左右以及上下方向均得到了很好的限位，运输过程中不会发生偏移，稳定性好。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述转轴上套设有扭簧，所述扭簧一端连接在支撑架上，另一端连接在锁紧齿板上。通过设置扭簧，使得锁紧齿板能够始终具有卡接在夹臂上的趋势，吊装完成后，对夹臂的限位效果更好，稳定性更好。而 且由于锁紧方向是单向的，因此，在吊装过程中无需手动操作。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述支撑架上还具有让位槽，所述让位槽与所述夹持件对应设置，所述夹臂的支撑部能够嵌入对应的让位槽内。吊装完成后，夹臂的支撑部能够嵌入让位槽内，使得支撑部与支撑架的底面处于同一水平面上，进一步保证了半挂车固定后的稳定性。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述夹臂的上端以及压紧部上还设有缓冲贴片。吊装完成后，两夹臂夹持抱紧半挂车的车轮，压紧部压紧在车轮的轮毂上，通过在夹臂的上端以及压紧部上设置缓冲贴片，能够一个缓冲保护的作用，防止车轮的轮毂磨损，并且能够防止摩擦产生异响，缓冲贴片采用橡胶材料制成。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述支撑架上具有支撑座，所述支撑座包括两并排设置的滑动杆，所述滑动杆具有竖直段和相对竖直段向外倾斜设置的倾斜段，所述夹臂位于两滑动杆之间，所述夹臂上穿设有连接轴，所述连接轴的两端穿出夹臂且连接轴的两端均具有连接孔，两滑动杆分别对应穿过连接轴两端的连接孔，所述连接轴能够沿着滑动杆上下滑动。夹臂能够沿着滑动杆上下滑动，而滑动杆具有竖直段和倾斜段，通过两者的配合，使得两夹臂向上移动时能够张开，两夹臂向下移动时能够相互靠拢并抱紧车轮，从而使得半挂车固定后前后、左右以及上下方向均得到了很好的限位，运输过程中不会发生偏移，稳定性好。同时，夹臂通过连接轴连接，夹臂本身能够绕连接轴摆动，使得夹臂向上移动时更易张开，向下移动时，车轮压在支撑部上，通过杠杆原理，使得压紧部能够压紧在车轮的轮毂上，固定后稳定性更好。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述锁紧件包括锁紧螺栓，所述支撑架上具有螺纹孔，所述夹臂上具有定位孔， 所述锁紧螺栓螺纹连接在螺纹孔内且端部能够穿入定位孔内。锁紧螺栓螺纹连接在支撑架上，吊装完成后，拧紧锁紧螺栓，使得锁紧螺栓的端部穿入夹臂上的定位孔内，从而使得夹臂被锁紧不能上下移动，从而使得夹臂能够很好的抱紧车轮，半挂车固定后前后、左右以及上下方向均得到了很好的限位，运输过程中不会发生偏移，稳定性好。运输到目的地后需要卸载时，只需拧松锁紧螺母，使其端部退出夹臂的定位孔即可。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述压紧部由夹臂的上端向另一个夹臂方向弯折形成，所述支撑部由夹臂的下端向另一个夹臂方向弯折形成。压紧部和支撑部分别由夹臂的两端弯折形成，便于加工。
在上述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置中，所述支撑架通过紧固件可拆卸连接在所述平车底架上。支撑架可拆卸，便于损坏后的更换，而且将支撑架拆掉，平车即可用于吊装固定集装箱，通用性好。
与现有技术相比，本用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置具有以下优点：
1、通过夹紧臂与支撑架的配合作用，能够实现半挂车吊装固定后前后、左右以及上下方向的限位，运输过程中不会发生偏移，稳定性好。
2、夹紧臂在半挂车吊装过程中，在半挂车的重力作用下，通过杠杆的原理能够自动实现相互靠拢抱紧车轮，稳定性好，而且卸载过程中，通过吊机作用，两夹臂能够随着半挂车一同向上移动并张开，操作也较为方便。
3、两相对设置的夹臂的支撑部之间通过铰接轴连接，使得两夹臂之间的相对位置不会发生偏移，保证半挂车固定后具有较好的稳定性，同时，滑动槽和铰接轴的配合设计，能够保证两夹臂之间能够相互张开和靠拢。
4、缓冲贴片，能够一个缓冲保护的作用，防止车轮的轮毂磨损，并且能够防止摩擦产生异响。
附图说明
图1是实施例一中本用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置使用时的结构图。
图2是实施例一中本用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置的立体图。
图3是实施例一中两夹臂抱紧车轮时的立体结构示意图。
图4是实施例一中支撑架与夹持件的装配示意图。
图5是图4中A处的放大图。
图6是图4中B处的放大图。
图7是实施例一中支撑架的局部结构图。
图8是图7中C处的放大图。
图9是夹持件的爆炸图。
图10是实施例一中两夹臂抱紧车轮时的剖视结构图。
图11是实施例二中支撑架与夹持件的局部装配示意图。
图中，1、平车底架；2、半挂车；2a、车轮；3、集装箱；4、支撑架；4a、支撑座；4a1、滑动板；4a2、滑槽；4a2a、竖直槽；4a2b、倾斜槽；4a3、滑动杆；4a3a、竖直段；4a3b、倾斜段；4b、让位槽；5、夹持件；5a、夹臂；5a1、支撑部；5a1a、铰接槽；5a1b、安装凸条；5a1c、滑动槽；5a2、压紧部；5a3、单向齿槽；6、锁紧件；6a、锁紧齿板；7、连接轴；7a、连接部；8、拉簧；9、铰接轴；10、转轴；11、扭簧；12、缓冲贴片。
具体实施方式
以下是本发明的具体实施例并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步的描述，但本发明并不限于这些实施例。
实施例一
如图1-10所示，本用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，包括平车底架1，平车底架1上设有供车轮2a放置且能对半挂车2前后位置进行限位的支撑架4，支撑架4上设有能够抱紧车轮2a的夹持件5。本实施例中，支撑架4具有两个且并排设置，支撑架4通过紧固件可拆卸连接在平车底架1上，便于损坏后的更换。通过本固定装置，可直接将集装箱3连同半挂车2一起吊装到平车底架1上进行运输，同时将支撑架4拆掉，平车底架1即可用于吊装固定集装箱3，通用性好。当然，也可以将两个支撑架4作为一体式的结构。本实施例中，每个支撑架4上设有2个夹持件5，分别对应半挂车2最前面和最后面的两个轮胎。
如图7和8所示，支撑架4上具有支撑座4a，支撑座4a包括两并排设置的滑动板4a1，两滑动板4a1上均设有滑槽4a2，滑槽4a2包括竖直槽4a2a和相对竖直槽4a2a向外倾斜设置的倾斜槽4a2b。
如图3、4和9所示，夹持件5包括两个相对设置的夹臂5a，夹臂5a的底端具有支撑部5a1，夹臂5a的上端具有能够压紧车轮2a的压紧部5a2，压紧部5a2由夹臂5a的上端向另一个夹臂5a方向弯折形成，支撑部5a1由夹臂5a的下端向另一个夹臂5a方向弯折形成。夹臂5a位于两滑动板4a1之间，夹臂5a上穿设有连接轴7且连接轴7的两端穿出夹臂5a，连接轴7的两端处均连接部7a，连接部7a的直径小于连接轴7的直径，连接部7a穿设在滑槽4a2内，连接轴7具有两根，两根连接轴7平行设置，两根连接轴7靠近夹臂5a的底端设置，两根连接轴7之间的间距小于竖直槽4a2a的长度和倾斜槽4a2b的长度。如图5所示，夹臂5a与滑动板4a1之间还设有使夹臂5a始终具有向上移动趋势的拉簧8，拉簧8一端连接在滑动板4a1上，另一端连接在较靠近夹臂5a上端的那根连接轴7上，拉簧8有两根，两根拉簧8 分别位于两滑动板4a1的两侧。吊装过程中，在拉簧8的作用下，两个相对设置的夹臂5a之间是保持张开状态的，吊机控制半挂车2下移，半挂车2的车轮2a抵靠在支撑部5a1上，从而使得两夹臂5a随着半挂车2一起向下移动，连接轴7从倾斜槽4a2b中滑动到竖直槽4a2a中，两夹臂5a相互靠拢，继而抱紧车轮2a，此时，车轮2a压在支撑部5a1上，通过杠杆原理，使得压紧部5a2能够压紧在车轮2a的轮毂上，固定后稳定性好。
更进一步地说，如图9所示，其中一个夹臂5a的支撑部5a1上具有铰接槽5a1a且该支撑部5a1上穿设有铰接轴9，另一个夹臂5a上具有安装凸条5a1b，安装凸条5a1b上具有贯穿安装凸条5a1b两侧壁的滑动槽5a1c，安装凸条5a1b穿设在铰接槽5a1a内且铰接轴9穿过滑动槽5a1c，使得两夹臂5a之间的相对位置不会发生偏移，保证半挂车2固定后具有较好的稳定性，同时又能够保证两夹臂5a之间可以相互张开和靠拢。
如图1-5所示，其中一夹臂5a与支撑架4之间还设有能够限制夹臂5a向上移动的锁紧件6。锁紧件6包括板面上具有单向卡齿的锁紧齿板6a，锁紧齿板6a通过转轴10铰接在支撑架4的滑动板4a1上，其中一个夹臂5a上具有单向齿槽5a3，转轴10上套设有扭簧11，扭簧11一端连接在支撑架4上，另一端连接在锁紧齿板6a上，锁紧齿板6a与夹臂5a相对且在卡簧的作用下单向卡齿能够卡在单向齿槽5a3内。通过锁紧齿板6a的单向卡齿与夹臂5a上的单向齿槽5a3的配合卡接作用，使得锁紧齿板6a将夹臂5a向下压紧，夹臂5a被限制不能向上移动，从而使得夹臂5a能够很好的抱紧车轮2a，半挂车2固定后前后、左右以及上下方向均得到了很好的限位，运输过程中不会发生偏移，稳定性好。而且由于锁紧方向是单向的，因此，在吊装过程中无需手动操作。
如图7所示，支撑架4上还具有让位槽4b，让位槽4b与夹持件5对应设置，夹臂5a的支撑部5a1能够嵌入对应的让位槽 4b内，使得支撑部5a1与支撑架4的底面处于同一水平面上，进一步保证了半挂车2固定后的稳定性。
如图9所示，夹臂5a的上端以及压紧部5a2上还设有缓冲贴片12，能够一个缓冲保护的作用，防止车轮2a的轮毂磨损，并且能够防止摩擦产生异响，缓冲贴片12采用橡胶材料制成。
实施例二
本实施例的半挂车固定装置与实施例一基本相同，其不同之处在于：如图11所示，支撑架4上具有支撑座4a，支撑座4a包括两并排设置的滑动杆4a3，滑动杆4a3具有竖直段4a3a和相对竖直段4a3a向外倾斜设置的倾斜段4a3b。夹臂5a位于两滑动杆4a3之间，夹臂5a上穿设有连接轴7，连接轴7的两端穿出夹臂5a且连接轴7的两端均具有连接孔，两滑动杆4a3分别对应穿过连接轴7两端的连接孔，连接轴7能够沿着滑动杆4a3上下滑动。夹臂5a能够沿着滑动杆4a3上下滑动，而滑动杆4a3具有竖直段4a3a和倾斜段4a3b，通过两者的配合，使得两夹臂5a向上移动时能够张开，两夹臂5a向下移动时能够相互靠拢并抱紧车轮2a。
实施例三
本实施例的半挂车固定装置与实施例一基本相同，其不同之处在于：锁紧件6包括锁紧螺栓，支撑架4上具有螺纹孔，夹臂5a上具有定位孔，锁紧螺栓螺纹连接在螺纹孔内且端部能够穿入定位孔内。吊装完成后，拧紧锁紧螺栓，使得锁紧螺栓的端部穿入夹臂5a上的定位孔内，从而使得夹臂5a被锁紧不能上下移动，使得夹臂5a能够很好的抱紧车轮2a。运输到目的地后需要卸载时，只需拧松锁紧螺母，使其端部退出夹臂5a的定位孔即可。
本文中所描述的具体实施例仅仅是对本发明精神作举例说明。本发明所属技术领域的技术人员可以对所描述的具体实施例做各种各样的修改或补充或采用类似的方式替代，但并不会偏离本发明的精神或者超越所附权利要求书所定义的范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，包括平车底架(1)，所述平车底架(1)上设有供车轮(2a)放置且能对半挂车(2)前后位置进行限位的支撑架(4)，其特征在于，所述支撑架(4)上设有能够抱紧车轮(2a)的夹持件(5)，所述夹持件(5)包括两个相对设置的夹臂(5a)，两个夹臂(5a)的下端均具有向另一个夹臂(5a)方向延伸的支撑部(5a1)，两个夹臂(5a)的上端均具有向另一个夹臂(5a)方向延伸且能够压紧车轮(2a)的压紧部(5a2)，所述夹臂(5a)滑动连接在所述支撑架(4)上，两夹臂(5a)向上移动时能够张开，两夹臂(5a)向下移动时能够相互靠拢且压紧部(5a2)压紧在车轮(2a)上，其中一夹臂(5a)与支撑架(4)之间还设有能够限制夹臂(5a)向上移动的锁紧件(6)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，其特征在于，所述支撑架(4)上具有支撑座(4a)，所述支撑座(4a)包括两并排设置的滑动板(4a1)，两滑动板(4a1)上均设有滑槽(4a2)，所述滑槽(4a2)包括竖直槽(4a2a)和相对竖直槽(4a2a)向外倾斜设置的倾斜槽(4a2b)，所述夹臂(5a)位于两滑动板(4a1)之间，所述夹臂(5a)上穿设有连接轴(7)且连接轴(7)的两端穿出夹臂(5a)分别滑动连接在两滑动板(4a1)的滑槽(4a2)内。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，其特征在于，所述支撑架(4)上具有支撑座(4a)，所述支撑座(4a)包括两并排设置的滑动杆(4a3)，所述滑动杆(4a3)具有竖直段(4a3a)和相对竖直段(4a3a)向外倾斜设置的倾斜段(4a3b)，所述夹臂(5a)位于两滑动杆(4a3)之间，所述夹臂(5a)上穿设有连接轴(7)，所述连接轴(7)的两端穿出夹臂(5a)且连接轴(7)的两端均具有连接孔，两滑动杆(4a3)分别对应穿过连接轴(7)两端的连接孔，所述连接轴(7)能够沿着滑动 杆(4a3)上下滑动。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，其特征在于，所述夹臂(5a)与支撑架(4)之间还设有使夹臂(5a)始终具有向上移动趋势的拉簧(8)，所述拉簧(8)一端连接在支撑架(4)上，另一端连接在连接轴(7)上。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，其特征在于，所述连接轴(7)具有两根，两根连接轴(7)平行设置。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，其特征在于，两根连接轴(7)靠近夹臂(5a)的底端设置，两根连接轴(7)之间的间距小于竖直槽(4a3a)的长度和倾斜槽(4a3b)的长度，所述拉簧(8)连接在较靠近夹臂(5a)上端的那根连接轴(7)上。
  7. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，其特征在于，其中一个夹臂(5a)的支撑部(5a1)上具有铰接槽(5a1a)且该支撑部(5a1)上穿设有铰接轴(9)，另一个夹臂(5a)上具有安装凸条(5a1b)，所述安装凸条(5a1b)上具有贯穿安装凸条(5a1b)两侧壁的滑动槽(5a1c)，所述安装凸条(5a1b)穿设在铰接槽(5a1a)内且铰接轴(9)穿过所述滑动槽(5a1c)。
  8. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，其特征在于，所述锁紧件(6)包括板面上具有单向卡齿的锁紧齿板(6a)，所述锁紧齿板(6a)通过转轴(10)铰接在所述支撑架(4)上，其中一个夹臂(5a)上具有单向齿槽(5a3)，所述锁紧齿板(6a)与所述夹臂(5a)相对设置且所述单向卡齿能够卡在所述单向齿槽(5a3)内。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，其特征在于，所述转轴(10)上套设有扭簧(11)，所述扭簧(11) 一端连接在支撑架(4)上，另一端连接在锁紧齿板(6a)上。
  10. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的用于铁路运输的半挂车固定装置，其特征在于，所述支撑架(4)上还具有让位槽(4b)，所述让位槽(4b)与所述夹持件(5)对应设置，所述夹臂(5a)的支撑部(5a1)能够嵌入对应的让位槽(4b)内。
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