WO2018074331A1 - 電源システム - Google Patents

電源システム Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018074331A1
WO2018074331A1 PCT/JP2017/037065 JP2017037065W WO2018074331A1 WO 2018074331 A1 WO2018074331 A1 WO 2018074331A1 JP 2017037065 W JP2017037065 W JP 2017037065W WO 2018074331 A1 WO2018074331 A1 WO 2018074331A1
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Prior art keywords
storage device
power storage
power
charging
charging rate
Prior art date
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PCT/JP2017/037065
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English (en)
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
周平 吉田
貴彦 山本
Original Assignee
株式会社デンソー
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Priority to DE112017005306.4T priority Critical patent/DE112017005306T5/de
Publication of WO2018074331A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018074331A1/ja

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/12—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to state of charge [SoC]
    • B60L58/13—Maintaining the SoC within a determined range
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/545—Temperature
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/547—Voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
    • B60L2240/549—Current
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2260/00—Operating Modes
    • B60L2260/40—Control modes
    • B60L2260/44—Control modes by parameter estimation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply system including a first power storage device, a second power storage device, and a connection circuit that connects the first power storage device and the second power storage device in parallel.
  • Patent Document 1 electric double layer capacitors, lithium ion capacitors, and the like have been used as power sources.
  • Power storage devices such as electric double layer capacitors and lithium ion capacitors have the advantage that the charge / discharge power is extremely large compared to secondary batteries, while being stable because the voltage between terminals varies greatly depending on the charging rate. It has the disadvantage that it is difficult to output power. Therefore, in order to compensate for each other's disadvantages, a configuration in which a power storage device such as an electric double layer capacitor or a lithium ion capacitor and a power storage device such as a secondary battery are used in combination is conceivable.
  • power storage devices such as electric double layer capacitors and lithium ion capacitors have a high correlation coefficient between the charging rate and the inter-terminal voltage, and can accurately calculate the charging rate (or remaining capacity) from the inter-terminal voltage. it can.
  • a configuration in which a charging rate (or remaining capacity) is calculated using a current integration method is common.
  • the calculation accuracy of the charging rate may deteriorate due to the change of the open-circuit voltage-charging rate characteristic or the change of the full charging capacity accompanying the deterioration of the power storage device. Concerned.
  • the present disclosure has been made in view of the above problems, and includes a first power storage device having a high correlation coefficient between a charging rate and a voltage between terminals, and a second power storage having a low correlation coefficient between a charging rate and a voltage between terminals.
  • the main object is to accurately calculate the charging rate of the second power storage device.
  • This configuration is a power supply system including a first power storage device, a second power storage device, and a first connection circuit that connects the first power storage device and the second power storage device in parallel.
  • the power storage device has a correlation coefficient between the charging rate and the inter-terminal voltage of 0.8 or more
  • the second power storage device has a correlation coefficient between the charging rate and the inter-terminal voltage lower than 0.8.
  • a first calculation unit that calculates a charging rate of the second power storage device based on an integrated value of detected values of the charge / discharge current flowing through the second power storage device, and charging / discharging of the power supply device is stopped In this situation, charging / discharging is performed between the first power storage device and the second power storage device via the first connection circuit, and between the first power storage device and the second power storage device.
  • a first calculation unit configured to calculate a change amount of a charging rate of the first power storage device associated with charge / discharge between the first power storage device and the second power storage device based on the first power storage device; Based on the charging rate of the second power storage device calculated by the calculation unit and the amount of change in the charging rate of the first power storage device calculated by the second calculation unit, the second by the first calculation unit.
  • a correction unit that corrects the calculation of the charging rate of the power storage device.
  • the first calculation unit calculates the charging rate of the second power storage device based on the current integration method.
  • the second calculation unit performs charge / discharge between the first power storage device and the second power storage device, and calculates a change amount of the charge rate of the first power storage device due to the charge / discharge. Then, based on the calculated value of the charging rate of the second power storage device and the calculated value of the change amount of the charging rate of the first power storage device, the charging rate of the second power storage device based on the current integration method by the first calculating unit Correct the calculation.
  • the second calculation unit since the correlation coefficient between the charging rate of the first power storage device and the voltage between the terminals is high, the second calculation unit accurately calculates the charging rate of the first power storage device based on the voltage between the terminals of the first power storage device. Can be calculated. As a result, the first power storage device 11 based on the voltage between the terminals of the first power storage device at the start and end of charge / discharge when charging / discharging is performed between the first power storage device and the second power storage device. The accuracy of the calculated value of the charging rate change amount is high.
  • the charging rate of the second power storage device based on the calculated value of the charging rate of the second power storage device and the calculated value of the change amount of the charging rate of the first power storage device, the charging rate of the second power storage device based on the current integration method by the first calculation unit
  • the calculation accuracy of the charging rate of the second power storage device can be improved by correcting the calculation of.
  • FIG. 1 is an electrical configuration diagram of a power supply system.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating charging / discharging between the first power storage device and the second power storage device
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing open-circuit voltage-charge rate characteristics of a lithium ion secondary battery and a lithium ion capacitor.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a charging rate calculation process of the second power storage device by the current integration method.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a correction process for the open-circuit voltage-charge rate map of the second power storage device
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a discharge process of the first power storage device and the second power storage device
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a correction process of the full charge capacity of the second power storage device.
  • the “power supply system” of the present embodiment is applied to a vehicle, and specifically, used as a power source for a rotating electrical machine mounted on the vehicle.
  • the vehicle of this embodiment has an engine (internal combustion engine). Note that the vehicle may be one without an engine, for example, an electric vehicle.
  • FIG. 1 shows this power supply system.
  • the power supply device 10 is connected to the rotating electrical machine 20 via the inverter 21.
  • the power supply device 10 includes a first power storage device 11 configured from a lithium ion capacitor and a second power storage device 12 configured from a lithium ion secondary pond.
  • the power supply device 10 and the control device 30 that controls the power supply device 10 constitute a “power supply system”.
  • the first power storage device 11 is configured by connecting a plurality of lithium ion capacitors 13 in series. By connecting a plurality of lithium ion capacitors 13 in series, the input / output voltage of the first power storage device 11 as a whole is increased. Note that a series connection body of a plurality of lithium ion capacitors 13 may be used in parallel connection, or a plurality of lithium ion capacitors 13 may be used in parallel connection. By connecting the lithium ion capacitors 13 in parallel, the full charge capacity Ahf1 of the first power storage device 11 is increased.
  • the second power storage device 12 is configured by connecting a plurality of assembled batteries 14 in parallel.
  • the assembled battery 14 is configured by connecting a plurality of battery cells 15 in series. By connecting the plurality of battery cells 15 in series, the input / output voltage of the second power storage device 12 as a whole is increased.
  • the battery cell 15 is specifically a lithium ion secondary battery.
  • the open circuit voltages of the plurality of assembled batteries 14 are set to be substantially the same.
  • the assembled battery 14 may include a plurality of battery groups in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in parallel or in series with each other, and the plurality of battery groups may be connected in series or in parallel with each other. By connecting the plurality of assembled batteries 14 in parallel, the full charge capacity Ahf2 of the second power storage device 12 as a whole is increased.
  • the first power storage device 11 and the second power storage device 12 are configured to be connected in parallel. More specifically, the low voltage side terminal of the first power storage device 11 and the low voltage side terminal of the second power storage device 12 are connected to the low voltage side terminal P ⁇ of the power supply device 10, and the first power storage device 11 is connected. The high voltage side terminal of the device 11 and the high voltage side terminal of the second power storage device 12 are connected to the high voltage side terminal P + of the power supply device 10.
  • a switching element SWa is provided between the first power storage device 11 and the high voltage side terminal P +.
  • the plurality of assembled batteries 14 constituting the second power storage device 12 are each provided with a switching element SWb.
  • a switching element SWc is provided between the power supply device 10 and the inverter 21.
  • the switching element SWa may be provided between the first power storage device 11 and the low voltage side terminal P ⁇ , and the switching element SWb is provided between the assembled battery 14 and the low voltage side terminal P ⁇ . It may be done.
  • a mechanical relay switch, or a semiconductor switching element such as an IGBT or a power MOS-FET may be used as the switching elements SWa to SWc.
  • the switching element SWa When the switching element SWa is turned on, the first power storage device 11 is charged and discharged.
  • the switching element SWb is turned on, charging / discharging in the corresponding assembled battery 14 is performed.
  • the switching element SWc When at least one of the switching elements SWa and SWb is turned on, the switching element SWc is turned on, whereby charging / discharging in the power supply device 10 is performed.
  • the switching elements SWa and SWb as the “first connection circuit” are both turned on, whereby charging / discharging between the first power storage device 11 and the second power storage device 12 is performed.
  • the battery packs 14 are brought into conduction by the switching element SWb serving as the “second connection circuit” being turned on. Open / close control of the switching elements SWa, SWb, SWc is performed by the control device 30.
  • the rotating electrical machine 20 is capable of both an operation as a motor that converts electric power into rotational force (powering operation) and an operation as a generator that converts rotational force into electric power (regenerative operation).
  • the rotating electrical machine 20 is connected to the output shaft of the engine 22 through, for example, a belt.
  • the rotating electrical machine 20 starts the engine 22 by applying a rotational force to the output shaft of the engine 22. That is, the rotating electrical machine 20 has a function as an electric motor (starter motor) for starting the engine.
  • the rotating electrical machine 20 can assist the output of the engine 22 during combustion of the engine while the vehicle is running by applying a rotational force to the output shaft of the engine 22.
  • EV Electric vehicle traveling can be performed.
  • the rotating electrical machine 20 can perform regenerative power generation using the kinetic energy of the vehicle when the vehicle is braked.
  • the inverter 21 converts the DC power supplied from the power supply device 10 into AC power, and supplies power to the rotating electrical machine 20 that performs a power running operation. Further, the inverter 21 converts AC power supplied from the rotating electrical machine 20 that performs the regenerative operation into DC power, and charges the power supply device 10. Note that a general electric load other than the inverter 21 and the rotating electrical machine 20 is connected to the power supply device 10, but is omitted in FIG. 1.
  • the control device 30 acquires detection values from the voltage sensor 31 that detects the inter-terminal voltage V ⁇ b> 1 of the first power storage device 11 and the temperature sensor 33 that detects the temperature T ⁇ b> 1 of the first power storage device 11.
  • the control device 30 acquires the open end voltage of the first power storage device 11 based on the inter-terminal voltage V ⁇ b> 1 of the first power storage device 11. Since the internal resistance of the lithium ion capacitor 13 constituting the first power storage device 11 is small, the control device 30 can regard the detected value of the inter-terminal voltage V ⁇ b> 1 by the voltage sensor 31 as the open end voltage of the first power storage device 11. .
  • Control device 30 is based on the acquired open circuit voltage OCV1 of first power storage device 11, and a map that correlates the open circuit voltage OCV1 of first power storage device 11 with the charge rate SOC1 of first power storage device 11. Thus, the charging rate SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 is calculated. Since the open-circuit voltage-charge rate characteristic of the lithium ion capacitor 13 constituting the first power storage device 11 has temperature dependence, the control device 30 determines the first power storage device 11 based on the temperature T1 of the first power storage device 11. Of the open circuit voltage OCV1 and the charge rate SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 are switched.
  • the control device 30 determines the voltage sensor 34 that detects the inter-terminal voltage V2 of the second power storage device 12, the current sensor 35 that detects the charge / discharge current I2 of the second power storage device 12, and the temperature T2 of the second power storage device 12. Detection values are acquired from the temperature sensors 36 to be detected. Control device 30 acquires the detected value of inter-terminal voltage V2 of second power storage device 12 under the condition where charging / discharging in second power storage device 12 is stopped as the open-circuit voltage of second power storage device 12.
  • the control device 30 has elapsed after a predetermined time has passed so that the influence of the polarization is suppressed after the charge / discharge in the second power storage device 12 is stopped.
  • the terminal voltage V ⁇ b> 2 of the second power storage device 12 may be obtained as the open-circuit voltage of the second power storage device 12.
  • the control device 30 determines the second power storage device 12 based on the temperature T2 of the second power storage device 12. The map which matches an open end voltage and the charging rate of the 2nd electrical storage apparatus 12 is switched.
  • the voltage sensor 31 may detect a voltage between terminals of each lithium ion capacitor 13 constituting the first power storage device 11, and the control device 30 calculates a charging rate of each lithium ion capacitor 13. You may do.
  • the voltage sensor 34 may detect the voltage between the terminals of each battery cell 15 constituting the second power storage device 12, and the control device 30 calculates the charging rate of each battery cell 15. It may be.
  • the value obtained by dividing the change amount ⁇ Ah2 of the charge capacity by the full charge capacity Ahf2 of the second power storage device 12 is defined as the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC2, and the charge rate (previous value) of the second power storage device 12 before the start of charge / discharge )
  • ⁇ SOC2 ⁇ Ah2 / Ahf2
  • a method for calculating the charge rate or the charge capacity of the power storage device based on the integrated value of the charge / discharge current as described above is called a current integration method.
  • the control device 30 of the power supply system performs charge / discharge between the first power storage device 11 and the second power storage device 12, and calculates a change rate ⁇ SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 associated with the charge / discharge. . Then, based on the calculated charging rate change ⁇ SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 and the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 calculated by the current integration method, the open-circuit voltage ⁇ of the second power storage device 12 ⁇ Correct the charging rate map.
  • the correction of the open-circuit voltage-charge rate map of the second power storage device 12 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • the difference between the change amount ⁇ Ah1 of the charge capacity of the first power storage device 11 (LiC) and the change amount ⁇ Ah2 of the charge capacity of the second power storage device 12 (LiB) indicated by the hatched portion in FIG. This corresponds to the power loss associated with charging / discharging between the two power storage devices 12.
  • the amount of change ⁇ Ah2 in the charge capacity of power storage device 12 is equal. That is, the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 can be calculated based on the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC1 of the first power storage device 11.
  • control device 30 includes charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC2 of second power storage device 12 based on charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC1 of first power storage device 11, and charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC2 of second power storage device 12 based on the current integration method. To correct the open-circuit voltage-charge rate map of the second power storage device 12 of the second power storage device 12.
  • Fig. 3 shows the open-circuit voltage vs. charge rate characteristics of lithium ion capacitors and lithium ion secondary batteries.
  • the open circuit voltage of the lithium ion capacitor (LiC) changes linearly according to the charging rate. Specifically, the open-circuit voltage of the lithium ion capacitor decreases in proportion to the reduction amount of the charging rate.
  • a lithium ion secondary battery (NMC / C system) using nickel manganese cobalt as the positive electrode material, carbon as the negative electrode material, lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material, and lithium titanate as the negative electrode material
  • NMC / C nickel manganese cobalt
  • carbon as the negative electrode material
  • lithium iron phosphate as the positive electrode material
  • lithium titanate as the negative electrode material
  • the open-circuit voltage changes nonlinearly according to the charging rate.
  • the open-circuit voltage suddenly decreases in the region where the charging rate is close to 0%, and in the lithium ion secondary battery (LFP, LTO system), the charging rate.
  • LFP lithium ion secondary battery
  • the battery cell 15 of the present embodiment an LFP or LTO-based lithium ion secondary battery may be used.
  • the battery cell 15 has a correlation coefficient between the charging rate and the inter-terminal voltage lower than 0.8.
  • the lithium ion capacitor 13 is one in which anions or cations are adsorbed in at least one of the positive electrode and the negative electrode during charge / discharge, and the correlation coefficient between the charging rate and the inter-terminal voltage is 0.8 or more. is there.
  • the amount of change in the open circuit voltage with respect to the change in the charging rate of the lithium ion capacitor is larger than that of the lithium ion secondary battery. Furthermore, the internal resistance of the lithium ion capacitor is smaller than that of the lithium ion secondary battery. For this reason, compared with the 2nd electrical storage apparatus 12 comprised from a lithium ion secondary battery, the variation
  • the open end voltage OCV2 of the second power storage device 12 in the fully charged state is set higher than the open end voltage OCV1 of the first power storage device 11 in the fully charged state.
  • the lithium ion capacitor 13 is larger than the battery cell 15 (lithium ion secondary battery)
  • the open end voltage OCV2 of the second power storage device 12 is reduced due to the decrease in the charging rate. Is higher than the open-circuit voltage OCV1 of the first power storage device 11.
  • the first power storage device 11 and the second power storage device 12 are turned on by turning on the switching elements SWa and SWb, the first power storage device 12 does not use the booster circuit or the like. It is possible to discharge the power storage device 11.
  • FIG. 4 shows a flowchart representing a calculation process of the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 by the current integration method.
  • the calculation process is performed by the control device 30 at predetermined intervals.
  • step S01 it is determined whether charging / discharging of the 2nd electrical storage apparatus 12 is stopped. Whether the charging / discharging of the second power storage device 12 is stopped is determined based on whether the charging / discharging current I2 of the second power storage device 12 is 0 or a change in the voltage V2 between the terminals of the second power storage device 12. May be determined based on whether or not the switching element SWb is turned off.
  • step S02 When charging / discharging of second power storage device 12 is stopped (S01: YES), in step S02, the detected value of temperature T2 of second power storage device 12 is acquired, and voltage V2 between terminals of second power storage device 12 is acquired. Is detected as the open-circuit voltage OCV2 of the second power storage device 12.
  • step S03 the charge rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 is calculated based on the open-end voltage OCV2 of the second power storage device 12 and the open-end voltage-charge rate map of the second power storage device 12, and the process ends. To do.
  • the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 calculated based on the open-circuit voltage OCV2 is used as an initial value in the current integration method.
  • the correspondence relationship between the open-circuit voltage OCV2 of the second power storage device 12 and the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 changes according to the temperature T2 of the second power storage device 12. Therefore, the control device 30 stores a plurality of open-circuit voltage-charge rate maps of the second power storage device 12 in association with the temperature T2 of the second power storage device 12, and based on the temperature T2 of the second power storage device 12 The map is used by switching.
  • step S05 the integrated value ( ⁇ I2 ⁇ ⁇ t) of the detected value of the charging / discharging current I2 of the second power storage device 12 is calculated, and the integrated value is divided by the full charge capacity Ahf2 of the second power storage device 12, 2 A change amount ⁇ SOC2 of the charging rate of the power storage device 12 is calculated. Then, the current value of the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 is calculated by adding the amount of change ⁇ SOC2 of the charging rate to the previous value of the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12, and the process ends.
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a correction process for correcting the open-circuit voltage-charge rate map of the second power storage device 12. The correction process is performed by the control device 30 at predetermined intervals.
  • step S11 it is determined whether or not the power supply device 10 is being charged / discharged.
  • the processing is ended as it is.
  • Whether or not the power supply device 10 is being charged / discharged is determined by whether or not the voltage between the terminals of the power supply device 10 has changed, whether the charge / discharge current of the power supply device 10 is 0, or switching. The determination can be made based on whether or not the element SWc is in the off state.
  • step S12 charge rate SOC2 of second power storage device 12 calculated in step S05 of FIG. Obtained as the charge rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 before the start of discharge.
  • step S13 the detected value of the terminal voltage V1 of the first power storage device 11, the detected value of the terminal voltage V2 of the second power storage device 12, the detected value of the temperature T1 of the first power storage device 11, and the second The detected value of temperature T2 of power storage device 12 is acquired.
  • step S14 it is determined whether or not a value obtained by subtracting the inter-terminal voltage V1 of the first power storage device 11 from the inter-terminal voltage V2 of the second power storage device 12 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold Th1.
  • the first power storage device 11 and the second power storage device 11 are connected to the second power storage device 12 even if the first power storage device 11 and the second power storage device 12 are connected. Since the charge / discharge capacity with the power storage device 12 is small and it is difficult to accurately calculate the amount of change in the charge rates SOC1, SOC2, the processing is performed without performing charge / discharge between the power storage devices 11, 12. finish.
  • step S15 the detected value of the inter-terminal voltage V1 of the first power storage device 11 obtained in step S13 is set to the first value.
  • 1 is regarded as the open-circuit voltage of the power storage device 11, and based on the open-circuit voltage and the open-circuit voltage-charge rate map of the first power storage device 11, the first voltage before the start of charging / discharging between the power storage devices 11, 12 1 Charge rate SOC1 of power storage device 11 is acquired.
  • the control device 30 stores a plurality of open-circuit voltage-charge rate maps of the first power storage device 11 in association with the temperature T1 of the first power storage device 11, and is based on the temperature T1 of the first power storage device 11. The map is used by switching.
  • step S16 both the switching elements SWa and SWb are turned on. Thereby, charging / discharging between the 1st electrical storage apparatus 11 and the 2nd electrical storage apparatus 12 is started.
  • step S17 the detected value of the voltage V1 between the terminals of the first power storage device 11, the detected value of the voltage V2 between the terminals of the second power storage device 12, the detected value of the temperature T1 of the first power storage device 11, and the second power storage device. 12 detected values of the temperature T2 are obtained.
  • step S18 based on whether or not the detected value of the inter-terminal voltage V1 of the first power storage device 11 and the detected value of the inter-terminal voltage V2 of the second power storage device 12 are equal to each other, It is determined whether charging / discharging with the power storage device 12 is stopped. When charging / discharging between the electrical storage apparatuses 11 and 12 is not stopped (S18: NO), step S17 and S18 are implemented again. Whether or not charging / discharging is performed between the power storage devices 11 and 12 may be determined based on the charging / discharging currents I1 and I2 of the power storage devices 11 and 12.
  • step S19 If it is determined that charging / discharging between the power storage devices 11 and 12 is stopped (S18: YES), both the switching elements SWa and SWb are turned off in step S19. Thereafter, in step S20, the voltage V2 between the terminals of the second power storage device 12 is regarded as the open circuit voltage OCV2, and based on the open circuit voltage OCV2 and the open circuit voltage-charge rate map of the second power storage device 12. Then, the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 is calculated.
  • step S21 the voltage V1 between the terminals of the first power storage device 11 is regarded as the open-circuit voltage OCV1, and based on the open-circuit voltage OCV1 and the open-circuit voltage-charge rate map of the first power storage device 11, 1 Charge rate SOC1 of power storage device 11 is calculated.
  • step S22 the charging rate change amount ⁇ SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 due to charging / discharging between the power storage devices 11 and 12 is calculated. Specifically, the difference between the charging rate SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 calculated in step S15 and the charging rate SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 calculated in step S21 is calculated as a charging rate change amount ⁇ SOC1.
  • step S23 the charging rate change amount ⁇ SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 due to charging / discharging between the power storage devices 11 and 12 is calculated. Specifically, the difference between the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 acquired in step S12 and the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 calculated in step S20 is calculated as a charging rate change amount ⁇ SOC2.
  • step S24 the open-circuit voltage-charge rate map of the second power storage device 12 is corrected based on the comparison between the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC1 and the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC2. More specifically, the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 based on the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 and the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 based on the current integration method are calculated. By comparison, the open circuit voltage-charge rate map of the second power storage device 12 of the second power storage device 12 is corrected. In step S25, the degree of deterioration of the second power storage device 12 is calculated based on the change in the full charge capacity Afh2 of the second power storage device 12, and the process ends.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the power supply process of the power supply device 10. This process is performed by the control device 30 at predetermined intervals.
  • step S31 it is determined whether or not the discharge power of the power supply apparatus 10 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold value. Specifically, it is determined whether or not the discharge current of the power supply device 10 that is the sum of the discharge current I1 of the first power storage device 11 and the discharge current I2 of the second power storage device 12 is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold Th2. The determination as to whether or not the discharge power of the power supply device 10 is greater than or equal to a predetermined threshold value may be made based on the detected values of the discharge currents I1 and I2, or based on the operating state of the electric load including the rotating electrical machine 20. May be determined.
  • step S32 When the discharge power of the power supply device 10 is equal to or greater than the predetermined threshold (S31: YES), in step S32, the switching element SWa is turned on and the switching element SWb is turned off.
  • the power output from the first power storage device 11 to the electric load is performed in preference to the power output from the second power storage device 12 to the electric load.
  • the power supply from the power supply device 10 to the electric load is borne by the first power storage device 11.
  • the switching element SWa is turned off and the switching element SWb is turned on in step S33.
  • the power output from the second power storage device 12 to the electric load is performed in preference to the power output from the first power storage device 11 to the electric load.
  • the control device 30 of this configuration calculates the charge rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 based on the current integration method as the “first calculation unit”, and the first power storage device 11 as the “second calculation unit”. Charging / discharging with the 2nd electrical storage apparatus 12 is performed, and variation
  • DELTA change_quantity
  • the control device 30 since the correlation coefficient between the charging rate SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 and the inter-terminal voltage V1 is high, the control device 30 accurately determines the first power storage device based on the inter-terminal voltage V1 of the first power storage device 11. 11 charging rate SOC1 can be calculated. As a result, the change in the charging rate of the first power storage device 11 based on the voltage V1 between the terminals of the first power storage device 11 at the start and end of charge / discharge when charging / discharging between the power storage devices 11 and 12 is performed. The accuracy of the calculated value of the amount ⁇ SOC1 is high.
  • the first integration unit based on the calculated value of the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 and the calculated value of the change amount ⁇ SOC1 of the charging rate of the first power storage device 11, the first integration unit based on the current integration method by the “first calculation unit”.
  • the calculation accuracy of the charge rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 can be improved by correcting the calculation of the charge rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12.
  • Control device 30 calculates charging rate SOC2 of second power storage device 12 based on the current integration method. Specifically, the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 at a predetermined time point is calculated using the open-circuit voltage OCV2 of the second power storage device 12 at the predetermined time point and the open end voltage-charge rate map of the second power storage device 12. calculate. Then, the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 is added to the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 at the predetermined time by adding the charging rate change amount ⁇ SOC2 based on the integrated value of the detected value of the charging / discharging current I2. Is calculated.
  • the correspondence between the open-circuit voltage OCV2 and the charging rate SOC2 changes.
  • the calculated value of the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 includes an error.
  • the control device 30 determines the second power storage device 12 based on the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 and the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 calculated based on the current integration method.
  • the open-circuit voltage-charging rate map of is corrected. By the correction, the calculation accuracy of the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 by the control device 30 can be improved.
  • control device 30 as the “second calculation unit” detects the open-circuit voltage-charge rate map of the first power storage device 11 and the inter-terminal voltage V2 of the first power storage device 11 before and after charging and discharging. Based on the value, the charging rate change amount ⁇ SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 is calculated.
  • the correspondence between the open-circuit voltage OCV ⁇ b> 1 of the first power storage device 11 and the charging rate SOC ⁇ b> 1 changes according to the temperature T ⁇ b> 1 of the first power storage device 11.
  • the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC1 can be calculated, and the second accuracy can be calculated. It is possible to correct the calculation of the charging rate SOC2 of the power storage device 12.
  • the open end voltage OCV2 of the second power storage device 12 in the fully charged state is set higher than the open end voltage OCV1 of the first power storage device 11 in the fully charged state.
  • the open end voltage of the second power storage device 12 is higher than the open end voltage of the first power storage device 11 over the entire plateau region. This facilitates the discharge from the second power storage device 12 to the first power storage device 11 without using a booster circuit or the like.
  • the power output from the second power storage device 12 to the electric load is prioritized over the power output from the first power storage device 11 to the electric load (the rotating electrical machine 20). According to this configuration, even when the full charge capacity Ahf1 of the first power storage device 11 is smaller than the full charge capacity Ahf2 of the second power storage device 12, it is possible to continue supplying power to the electric load stably. Moreover, since the situation where the open end voltage OCV1 of the 1st electrical storage apparatus 11 and the open end voltage OCV2 of the 2nd electrical storage apparatus 12 differ arises, charging / discharging is carried out between the 1st electrical storage apparatus 11 and the 2nd electrical storage apparatus 12. It becomes possible to carry out.
  • the output of the second power storage device 12 When the power temporarily increases, polarization occurs in the second power storage device 12, and the calculation accuracy of the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 is reduced, or the output power of the second power storage device 12 is decreased. Or the second power storage device 12 deteriorates.
  • the output power from the power supply device 10 to the electric load is the threshold power.
  • the power output from the first power storage device 11 to the electric load is prioritized over the power output from the second power storage device 12 to the electric load on the condition that the power is larger. According to this configuration, it is possible to suppress a temporary increase in the output power of the second power storage device 12 and to suppress the adverse effect of polarization that occurs in the second power storage device 12.
  • the degree of deterioration of the second power storage device 12 is calculated based on the open circuit voltage-charge rate characteristic of the second power storage device 12.
  • the second power storage device includes a plurality of assembled batteries 14 and switches SWb that connect the plurality of assembled batteries 14 to each other in parallel, and the open-circuit voltages of the plurality of assembled batteries 14 are set to be substantially the same. Yes. According to this configuration, it is possible to suppress charging / discharging between power storage elements in the second power storage device 12. Moreover, if it is set as the structure which charges / discharges between each of the assembled batteries 14 and the 1st electrical storage apparatus 11, it will become possible to correct
  • the open end voltage-charging rate map of the second power storage device 12 is corrected. However, this is changed, and in the configuration of the second embodiment, the charging rate change amounts ⁇ SOC1 and ⁇ SOC2 are changed. Based on the comparison, the full charge capacity Ahf2 of the second power storage device 12 is corrected. Since the full charge capacity Ahf2 of the second power storage device 12 decreases in accordance with the deterioration of the battery cell 15, the full charge capacity Ahf2 of the second power storage device 12 is corrected based on the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC1 of the first power storage device 11. By doing so, it becomes possible to perform control according to the change in the full charge capacity Ahf2 accompanying the deterioration of the battery cells 15 constituting the second power storage device 12.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a correction process for correcting the full charge capacity Ahf2 of the second power storage device 12.
  • the correction process is performed by the control device 30 at predetermined intervals.
  • symbol is attached
  • step S12 the process of acquiring the charging rate SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 in step S12 is omitted. Further, when a negative determination is made in step S18, that is, when charging / discharging between the power storage devices 11 and 12 is performed, detection of the charging / discharging current I2 of the second power storage device 12 in step S41. Get the value. In step S42, the charging rate change amount ⁇ SOC2 of the second power storage device 12 is calculated based on the detected value of the charge / discharge current I2 of the second power storage device 12.
  • step S43 the full charge capacity Ahf2 of the second power storage device 12 is based on the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC1 of the first power storage device 11 and the charge rate change amount ⁇ SOC2 of the second power storage device 12. Perform the correction. More specifically, the discharge capacity discharged from the first power storage device 11 to the second power storage device 12 is calculated based on the charging rate change amount ⁇ SOC1 of the first power storage device 11. Then, the full charge capacity Ahf2 of the second power storage device 12 is newly calculated by dividing the calculated value of the discharge capacity by the charging rate change amount ⁇ SOC2 of the second power storage device 12. In step S25 after step 43, the degree of deterioration of the second power storage device 12 is calculated based on the change in the full charge capacity Afh2 of the second power storage device 12, and the process ends.
  • the detection of the temperature T1 by the temperature sensor 33 targeting the first power storage device 11 and the switching of the open-end voltage-charge rate map of the first power storage device 11 based on the detected value of the temperature T1 by the control device 30 are omitted. It is good also as a structure.
  • detection of the temperature T2 by the temperature sensor 36 for the second power storage device 12 and switching of the open-circuit voltage-charge rate map of the second power storage device 12 based on the detected value of the temperature T2 by the control device 30 are performed. A configuration may be omitted.
  • the electricity storage element that performs the adsorption reaction is a lithium ion capacitor.
  • an electric double layer capacitor or a nano hybrid capacitor may be used instead of the lithium ion capacitor.
  • carbon (activated carbon electrode) is generally used for a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
  • Nano-hybrid capacitors generally use nanocrystalline lithium titanate for the negative electrode and carbon (activated carbon electrode) for the positive electrode.
  • the electrical storage element which comprises the 2nd electrical storage apparatus 12 is a secondary battery, and is specifically a lithium ion secondary battery. This may be changed, and a nickel hydride storage battery or a lead storage battery may be used instead of the lithium ion secondary battery.
  • Switching elements are used as the “first connection circuit” and the “second connection circuit”, but a voltage conversion circuit (DCDC) is used instead of the switching element as the “first connection circuit” or the “second connection circuit”. Converter) or a bypass circuit composed of a resistance element may be used.
  • DCDC voltage conversion circuit

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JP2001086604A (ja) * 1999-09-14 2001-03-30 Honda Motor Co Ltd 組電池及び残容量検出装置
JP2006189385A (ja) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-20 Toyota Motor Corp 蓄電システムおよび二次電池の残存容量算出方法
JP2008220080A (ja) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-18 Toyota Motor Corp 電動車両、充電状態推定方法および充電状態推定方法をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取可能な記録媒体
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JP2001086604A (ja) * 1999-09-14 2001-03-30 Honda Motor Co Ltd 組電池及び残容量検出装置
JP2006189385A (ja) * 2005-01-07 2006-07-20 Toyota Motor Corp 蓄電システムおよび二次電池の残存容量算出方法
JP2008220080A (ja) * 2007-03-06 2008-09-18 Toyota Motor Corp 電動車両、充電状態推定方法および充電状態推定方法をコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラムを記録したコンピュータ読取可能な記録媒体
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