WO2018028414A1 - 排气装置、其组装方法及具有该排气装置的轮胎模具 - Google Patents

排气装置、其组装方法及具有该排气装置的轮胎模具 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018028414A1
WO2018028414A1 PCT/CN2017/093790 CN2017093790W WO2018028414A1 WO 2018028414 A1 WO2018028414 A1 WO 2018028414A1 CN 2017093790 W CN2017093790 W CN 2017093790W WO 2018028414 A1 WO2018028414 A1 WO 2018028414A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
mandrel
stopper
outer casing
fixing portion
tapered surface
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2017/093790
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李健
冯立新
孙鹏
臧贻照
张伟
杜平
王万里
殷亚轩
Original Assignee
高密同创气门芯有限公司
山东豪迈机械科技股份有限公司
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Application filed by 高密同创气门芯有限公司, 山东豪迈机械科技股份有限公司 filed Critical 高密同创气门芯有限公司
Publication of WO2018028414A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018028414A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/10—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with incorporated venting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/0601—Vulcanising tyres; Vulcanising presses for tyres
    • B29D30/0606—Vulcanising moulds not integral with vulcanising presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/30—Mounting, exchanging or centering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/0601—Vulcanising tyres; Vulcanising presses for tyres
    • B29D30/0606—Vulcanising moulds not integral with vulcanising presses
    • B29D2030/0607—Constructional features of the moulds
    • B29D2030/0617—Venting devices, e.g. vent plugs or inserts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a tire mold. Further, the present invention relates to an exhaust device for a tire mold. The invention also discloses a method of assembling the exhaust device.
  • the production process of the tire is roughly as follows: a rubber material in a fluid or semi-fluid state is injected into the tire mold, and then the rubber material is subjected to a series of processes in the tire mold to realize the green tire molding. After the green tire is formed, it is necessary to vulcanize the green tire of the tire. During the vulcanization process, it is necessary to discharge the air in the inner cavity of the tire mold. A commonly used method is to provide a vent hole on a tire mold through which air in the tire mold is directly discharged.
  • an exhaust device (also called “stomach sleeve”) for tire molds has been developed.
  • FIG. 10 A cross-sectional view of the exhaust device 100 of the tire mold is shown in FIG. 10, the exhaust device 100 including a jacket 110, a spring 120 and a mandrel 130, the spring 120 and the mandrel 130 being received in the inner cavity 111 of the outer casing 110, And the spring 120 exerts a biasing force on the shaft head 131 of the mandrel 130 such that there is a gap between the shaft head 131 and the outer casing 110, allowing air in the tire mold to escape.
  • the rubber material is pressed against the shaft head 131, thereby closing the gap between the shaft head 131 and the outer sleeve 110 against the biasing force of the spring 120, preventing the rubber material from being extruded.
  • the exhaust device of the above structure has some problems. For example, the closing stroke of the shaft head during assembly The mounting tolerances are difficult to control and cannot be controlled within a reasonable range, and the fixing process of the mandrel is complicated. Specifically, if the mandrel is provided in a one-piece structure, since the diameter of both ends is larger than the diameter of the middle portion, the processing is complicated and the cost is high, and on the other hand, if the mandrel is set to the body structure Because of its structure, its split assembly process is complicated. Moreover, even after the mandrel is fixed, the mandrel in the prior art exhaust device is at risk of falling off. In addition to this, the exhaust device sometimes has a relatively slow exhaust gas velocity.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an exhaust device for a tire mold which is simple in structure, easy to assemble, and which is not easily peeled off after assembly. Further, the exhaust device of the present invention is also capable of increasing the gas discharge rate.
  • the exhaust device for a tire mold of the present invention includes:
  • a mandrel the mandrel being received in the inner cavity and comprising a shaft head at one end and a fixing portion at the other end;
  • the retaining portion of the mandrel is provided with a stop, the mandrel being movable between the first position and the second position along the axial direction of the outer sleeve, at the first position, at the first end of the shaft head and the outer sleeve A gap is formed therebetween, and the stopper abuts at the second end of the outer casing, and at the second position, the sealing fit is provided between the shaft head and the first end of the outer casing.
  • the stopper can prevent the mandrel from coming out of the outer casing, and the stopper can be formed by a simple process such as an extrusion process or the like after the mandrel is inserted into the outer casing, and thus the present invention
  • the exhaust device has a simple structure and is easy to assemble, and the stopper can effectively prevent the mandrel from coming off.
  • the fixed portion includes at least one longitudinally extending rib formed by the rib.
  • two ribs are disposed along the diametrical direction of the fixing portion such that the cross section of the stopper is a cross, and at least one of the two sides of the cross intersecting each other The length of the side is greater than the inner diameter of the inner bore of the outer casing.
  • the cross-shaped or other cross-shaped cross-section of the stop increases the exhaust clearance at the second end of the outer casing against which the stop abuts, helping to increase the exhaust velocity.
  • the length of at least one of the two sides should be greater than the inner diameter of the inner hole of the outer casing, and an effective abutment between the cross-shaped stopper and the second end of the outer casing can be ensured.
  • the stop is a resilient stop and at least a portion of the resilient stop is sized larger than the inner diameter of the inner lumen of the outer casing.
  • the first tapered surface is formed on the shaft head
  • the second tapered surface is formed on the first end of the outer sleeve
  • the shapes of the first tapered surface and the second tapered surface are matched with each other.
  • the angle of the first tapered surface is greater than the angle of the second tapered surface such that the first tapered surface and the second tapered surface are in line contact.
  • the angle of the first tapered surface may be 1-10 degrees larger than the angle of the second tapered surface, preferably 3 degrees larger.
  • At least one exhaust passage is provided on the side wall of the outer casing, the at least one exhaust passage communicating the inner cavity of the outer casing with the outside.
  • the exhaust passage is configured to provide additional exhaust passages to increase exhaust velocity.
  • the venting means is made of stainless steel.
  • the venting means can be made of other suitable corrosion resistant materials. Thereby, the service life of the exhaust device can be extended.
  • the inner wall of the inner cavity is provided with a stepped portion of the inner cavity, one end of the spring abuts against the step of the inner cavity, and the other end of the spring is supported on the shaft head of the mandrel or the shoulder formed on the mandrel on.
  • the exhaust device of the present invention comprises a jacket, the jacket is provided with a through hole and is provided with a matching mandrel, and the mandrel is provided with a spring support, wherein the mandrel is provided with a shaft head and a shaft at one end thereof.
  • the head is set as a conical surface, and the outer sleeve is provided with an opening corresponding to the shaft head, and the other end of the mandrel is fixedly provided with a stopper and protrudes from the end surface of the outer sleeve, and the core shaft is prevented from falling off through the stopper.
  • the stop is a cross-shaped block. Also, the longest side of the stop is larger than the diameter of the central hole of the outer casing. A shoulder is arranged on the mandrel and is spring-loaded. The through hole in the jacket is stepped.
  • the present invention also relates to a tire mold in which at least one vent hole is provided, and an exhaust device as described above is installed in the vent hole.
  • the installation method of the exhaust device of the present invention is as follows:
  • a stopper is formed on the fixing portion of the mandrel.
  • the stopper is specifically formed in the following manner:
  • the method further includes: in the process of pressing the fixing portion using the squeegee, the mandrel is in the aforementioned second position, and after forming the stopper, using the pressing block to squeeze the fixing portion downward from above the fixing portion Pressing to reduce the height of the stop, the reduced height imparting a path of motion of the mandrel between the first position and the second position.
  • the pressing block is rotated while the pressing block presses the fixing portion downward. By rotating the extrusion, the stopper can be deformed evenly and form a stable gap with the outer sleeve.
  • the method described above can greatly improve the stroke precision tolerance of the mandrel, and further, can reduce the risk of the block and the mandrel being broken and fall off due to stress, thereby ensuring the strength of the mandrel and improving the service life of the exhaust device. .
  • Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an exhaust device of a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A in Fig. 1.
  • Figure 3 shows a variant of the venting device of the first embodiment before being processed out of the stop
  • Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view showing another modification of the venting apparatus of the first embodiment, in which an exhaust passage is provided on the side wall of the outer casing.
  • Fig. 5 shows a state in which the outer casing, the spring and the mandrel of the exhaust device are initially assembled together in the method of assembling the exhaust device of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6A schematically shows a process of pressing a fixing portion of a mandrel using a squeegee to form a stopper.
  • Fig. 6B is a perspective view showing the exhaust device after the stopper forming step shown in Fig. 6A.
  • Fig. 7A schematically shows a process of pressing a fixing portion formed with a stopper by a pressing block.
  • Fig. 7B schematically shows, in the form of a sectional view, a process of pressing a fixing portion on which a stopper is formed by a press block.
  • Fig. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view showing the exhaust device of the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 9 schematically shows a mounted state of the exhaust device in the tire mold.
  • Figure 10 shows a cross-sectional view of a prior art venting device.
  • FIG. 1 and 2 show an exhaust device 1 of a first embodiment of the present invention, which is used for a tire mold.
  • the exhaust device (or “elastic air hole sleeve”) 1 of the present invention includes a jacket 10 in which an inner cavity (or central hole) 11 is formed, and the inner cavity 11 is open at both ends to form It is in the form of a through hole.
  • the spring 20 and the mandrel 30 can be inserted and received in the inner cavity 11 through the opening.
  • a shaft head 31 is formed on one end of the mandrel 30, and the shaft head 31 shown in Fig. 1 includes a shaft head tapered surface 32, specifically, the shaft head tapered surface 32 is formed on the outer peripheral surface of the shaft head 31.
  • the axicon cone 32 is, for example, a circle The shape of the cone.
  • an opening is provided in the outer casing 10 in conformity with the shape of the conical surface 32 of the shaft.
  • an outer peripheral surface of the first end 12 of the outer casing 10 i.e., the end of the inner portion of the tire mold under the mounted state
  • a jacket tapered surface 13 having a shape and a shaft cone Faces 32 match or match.
  • the mandrel 30 is movable between a first position and a second position along the axial direction of the outer casing 10, wherein at the first position, the conical surface 32 of the shaft head 31 and the outer casing cone 13 of the outer casing 10 There is a gap between the air in the tire mold from which the air enters the inner cavity 11 of the outer casing 10 and is subsequently discharged, and in the second position, the outer casing cone 13 is in contact with the conical cone 32 and pressed against each other. Thereby forming a sealing fit.
  • the fit between the journal cone face 32 of the shaft head 31 and the outer casing tapered surface 13 of the outer casing 10 is a wire fit.
  • the angle a of the axicon cone 32 is greater than the angle ⁇ of the outer casing cone 13, for example greater than 1-10°, preferably 3°.
  • Such a structural design is advantageous for reducing the influence of the conical sealing effect on the two conical surfaces after the impurities enter the two conical surfaces, and reducing the cleaning frequency.
  • the minimum diameter of the two tapered surfaces is the minimum exhaust area, thereby forming an exhaust bottleneck.
  • the exhaust bottleneck affects exhaust efficiency.
  • the design of the line contact between the tapers avoids the exhaust bottleneck, which improves exhaust efficiency.
  • the mating faces between the shaft head 31 and the first end 12 of the outer sleeve 10 may be of other forms without affecting the achievement of the objects of the present invention.
  • the shaft head 31 may be formed as a cylinder having a cross-sectional dimension larger than a cross-sectional dimension of the inner chamber 11 and a first end surface of the shaft head 31 and the first outer casing 10 when the mandrel 30 is in the second position.
  • the end faces at the ends 12 are in intimate contact with one another to form a sealed fit.
  • the so-called cross-sectional dimension may be in various forms, when the cross section is circular, the diameter of the circle, when the cross section is square, the side length of the square, and the like.
  • the spring 20 is disposed on the mandrel 30, such as disposed about the mandrel 30 as in FIG. Further, the spring 20 is disposed on the mandrel 30 and biases the mandrel 30 by forming the inner cavity 11 of the outer casing 10 into a stepped shape, that is, as shown in FIG. Shape on the inner wall
  • the inner cavity step portion 15 is formed, and one end of the spring 20 is supported on the inner cavity step portion 15.
  • the other end of the spring 20 abuts on the mandrel 30, for example, abuts on the shaft head 31, or abuts on a shoulder 37 formed at a proper position of the mandrel 30.
  • a fixing portion 33 Provided on the other end of the mandrel 30 is a fixing portion 33.
  • the fixing portion 33 projects from the second end 14 of the outer casing 10 in a state in which the exhaust device 1 is in an assembled state.
  • a stopper 34 is formed at the fixing portion 33 by means such as pressing, the stopper 34 being shaped such that the stopper 34 and the second end 14 of the outer casing 10 are moved when the mandrel 30 is moved to the first position. Abutting, thereby preventing the mandrel 30 from continuing to move beyond the first position.
  • the cross section of the stopper 34 is The cross shape, that is, the shape formed by the intersection of two sides, preferably perpendicularly intersects.
  • the longest side of the cross is larger than the diameter of the inner cavity 11, or in other words, of the two intersecting sides of the cross, the length of at least the longer side is greater than the inner diameter of the inner cavity 11, For example, it is larger than the inner diameter of the inner cavity 11 at the second end 14.
  • the stopper 34 is formed in a cross shape such as a cross shape, the exhaust gap at the second end 14 of the outer casing 10 is increased, whereby the efficiency of discharging air can be improved.
  • the opposite end of the shaft head will block the hole sleeve, and the shaft head needs to be pressed down after the vulcanization process to perform the exhaust, but the shaft head and the jacket cone are pressed after the shaft head is pressed down.
  • the surface gap becomes smaller, which affects the exhaust efficiency.
  • the cross-shaped stopper of the present invention does not block the gap between the mandrel and the sleeve, so that the exhaust can be realized without compressing the shaft head, thereby improving the exhaust efficiency. According to the calculation, the present invention improves the exhaust efficiency by 50% or more by providing the stopper of the above structure.
  • the cross-shaped stopper 34 is only a preferred example, and in addition to the above configuration in which the cross-section of the stopper 34 is cross-shaped by forming two diametrically opposed ribs, the stopper 34 is also Other shapes may be formed, for example, other numbers and positions of the ribs may be formed on the stopper 34. Therefore, the cross section of the stopper has other cross-shaped shapes, such as a T-shape, a trigeminal shape, a five-star shape, etc., which are all within the protection scope of the present invention, and can also function to block the mandrel 30 from coming off, and These shapes also extend the airflow passage at the second end 14 of the outer casing 10 to a certain extent, improving the efficiency of air discharge.
  • At least one, preferably a plurality of exhaust passages 50 are provided on the side wall of the outer casing 10, the exhaust passage 50 enclosing the inner chamber 11 of the outer casing 10 and the exterior of the exhaust unit 1 Connected.
  • the exhaust gas passage 50 can further improve the exhaust efficiency of the exhaust device 1.
  • the exhaust passage may be a vent or a vent.
  • the exhaust device 1 of the above construction its components are preferably made of a corrosion-resistant material, such as stainless steel, thereby extending its service life.
  • the outer casing 10, the spring 20, and the mandrel 30 having the above structure are prepared, in which the fixing portion 33 of the mandrel 30 is not machined, so that the stopper 34 has not been formed yet.
  • the spring 20 and the mandrel 30 are inserted into the inner cavity 11 of the outer casing 10 until the fixing portion 33 of the mandrel 30 projects from the second end 14 of the outer casing 10.
  • one way is to first spring the spring 20 onto the mandrel 30 such that one end of the spring 20 abuts against the shaft head 31 of the mandrel 30 or abuts against the shoulder 37 formed on the mandrel 30.
  • the spring 20 and the mandrel 30 are then inserted together into the inner cavity 11 of the outer casing 10. Thereby, the exhaust device 1 in the initial state as shown in FIG. 5 is formed.
  • the fixing portion 33 of the mandrel 30 protrudes from the second end 14 of the outer casing 10
  • the fixing portion 33 is processed to form the stopper 34.
  • the fixing portion 33 is pressed to form a stopper 34 having a cross-shaped cross section.
  • the two squeezing blades 40 approach the fixing portion 33 in the direction B from both sides of the fixing portion 33, respectively.
  • a squeezing blade slit 41 is formed.
  • the two squeegees 40 can be biased to form a rib between one side of the two squeegees 40 to form the dam 34.
  • three or more squeezes can be used The knife 40 presses the fixing portion 33.
  • the fixing portion 33 formed with the stopper 34 is pressed from above to reduce the height of the stopper 34, thereby enabling the mandrel 30 to move between the above-described first position and second position.
  • the fixing portion 33 is pressed downward from the upper side of the fixing portion 33 in the direction C using the pressing block 60.
  • the pressing block 60 is preferably rotated in the direction R, whereby the fixing portion 33 can be better pressed downward, thereby reducing the height of the stopper 34.
  • the height of the stopper 34 is reduced by h by the pressing of the compact 60, so that the mandrel 30 obtains the allowable stroke H, where h and H are equal.
  • the step of reducing the height of the stopper 34 by the pressing it is possible to ensure that the precision tolerance of the stroke between the first position and the second position is within ⁇ 0.05 mm.
  • the stroke accuracy tolerance of the mandrel is ⁇ 0.15 mm, and thus the method of the present invention greatly improves the stroke accuracy tolerance of the mandrel.
  • the above assembling method of the exhaust device 1 is formed by an extrusion process and a cross-structure design such as a cross shape, and only the fixing portion 33 is pressed to form the stopper 34, and the remaining undeformed portion of the fixing portion 33, for example, A certain strength is maintained at the uncompressed portion corresponding to the squeegee slit 41, so that the mandrel 30 still maintains a high overall strength, thereby reducing the breakage of the stopper 34 and the mandrel 33 due to stress. The risk of falling off, thus ensuring the strength of the mandrel and increasing the service life of the exhaust.
  • Fig. 8 shows an exhaust device 1 of a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the third embodiment and the first and second embodiments will be mainly described below. Apart from this, the contents described in the first and second embodiments are equally applicable to the third embodiment unless otherwise stated, and will not be described in detail herein.
  • FIG. 8 shows a partial view of the venting device 1 at the interior 11 of the outer casing 10.
  • the fixing portion 33 of the mandrel 30 is formed with an elastic stopper 36 having an interference fit with the second end 14 of the outer casing 10, that is, at least a portion of the elastic stopper 36 is sized larger than the inner portion.
  • the elastic stopper 36 comes into contact with the inner wall of the inner cavity 11, and is elastically deformed by being pressed. And when the elastic stop 36 is from the outer casing 10 After the second end 14 is extended, the elastic stop 36 is disengaged from the inner wall of the inner cavity 11 of the outer casing 10, thereby returning to its unstressed state, at which time the size of the elastic stop 36 is larger than the inner cavity 11. The diameter, thereby preventing the mandrel 30 from coming out of the outer sleeve 10.
  • the air discharge efficiency of the exhaust device can be increased by 50% or more.
  • the tolerance of the upper and lower strokes of the mandrel relative to the prior art is ⁇ 0.15 mm, and the stroke precision between the first position and the second position of the exhaust device of the present invention is greatly improved, and the precision tolerance is within ⁇ 0.05 mm.
  • the precision is favorable for preventing the intrusion of rubber particles or impurities during the vulcanization of the tire, and the exhausting consistency of the exhaust of each device is good, the exhaust performance is ensured, and the cleaning frequency of the mold is reduced, thereby improving the production efficiency and quality of the tire. .

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Abstract

一种用于轮胎模具的排气装置（1）、包括该排气装置（1）的轮胎模具和组装该排气装置（1）的方法，排气装置（1）包括：外套（10）、芯轴（30）和弹簧（20）。外套（10）中形成有内腔（11）。芯轴（30）容纳在内腔（11）中，并包括位于一端的轴头（31）和位于另一端的固定部（33）。弹簧（20）设置在芯轴（30）上，并向芯轴（30）施加偏置力。在芯轴（30）的固定部（33）上设置有挡块（34），芯轴（30）能够沿着外套（10）的轴向在第一位置和第二位置之间运动。在第一位置处，在轴头（31）和外套（10）的第一端之间形成有间隙，而挡块（34）抵接在外套（10）的第二端处，而在第二位置处，轴头（31）和外套（10）的第一端之间密封配合。通过该排气装置（1）的结构，可防止芯轴（30）脱落，并且结构简单，便于组装，提高排气效率。

Description

排气装置、其组装方法及具有该排气装置的轮胎模具 技术领域
本发明涉及一种轮胎模具，进一步地，本发明涉及一种用于轮胎模具的排气装置。本发明还公开了该排气装置的组装方法。
背景技术
目前对轮胎的生产过程大致如下：将流体或半流体状态的橡胶材料注入轮胎模具中，然后橡胶材料在轮胎模具中通过一系列的工艺来实现胎胚成型。在胎胚成型之后，需要对轮胎的胎胚进行硫化处理。在硫化处理过程中，需要将轮胎模具的内腔中的空气排出。目前通常使用的方法是在轮胎模具上设置排气孔，轮胎模具中的空气经过该排气孔直接排出。
不过，这种方式存在一些问题，其中之一是在将空气排出轮胎模具的过程中，用来形成轮胎的流体或半流体状态的橡胶材料也会从该排气孔中被挤出一部分。这些被挤出的橡胶材料会在轮胎胎胚上形成胶毛。为了保证最终轮胎产品的质量，需要提供额外的工序来将形成在轮胎上的胶毛去除。因此，使得轮胎的制造工序变得复杂。
为了避免轮胎产品上胶毛的产生，开发了一种用于轮胎模具的排气装置(也称“气孔套”)。图9中示出了，排气装置100设置在轮胎模具200上的气孔210中的示意图，该排气装置100可允许轮胎模具200中的空气排出，同时阻止橡胶材料从轮胎模具200中被挤出。
图10中示出了该轮胎模具的排气装置100的截面图，该排气装置100包括外套110、弹簧120和芯轴130，弹簧120和芯轴130容纳在外套110的内腔111中，且弹簧120在芯轴130的轴头131上施加偏置力，使得轴头131与外套110之间存在间隙，允许轮胎模具中的空气排出。而当轮胎模具中的空气被排尽之后，橡胶材料会压靠到轴头131上，从而克服弹簧120的偏置力关闭轴头131和外套110之间的间隙，阻止橡胶材料被挤出。
以上结构的排气装置存在一些问题。例如，在组装过程中，轴头的关闭行程 的安装公差难以控制，无法将其控制在合理的范围内，且芯轴的固定工艺复杂。具体来说，如果将芯轴设置成一体式的结构，则由于其两端直径大于中部直径，其加工复杂，且成本高，而从另一方面来说，如果将芯轴设置成分体式的结构，则由于其结构所限，其分体装配工艺复杂。而且，即使在将芯轴固定好之后，现有技术的排气装置中的芯轴也存在脱落的风险。除此之外，该排气装置有时还会出现排气速度比较慢的情况。
因此，在轮胎模具的领域中，仍存在进一步改进其排气装置的需求，以能够解决以上现有技术的排气装置所存在的问题。
发明内容
本发明是为解决现有技术中的上述技术问题而作出的。本发明的一个目的是提供一种用于轮胎模具的排气装置，该排气装置结构简单，易于组装，且组装好之后芯轴不易脱落。进一步地，本发明的排气装置还能够提高气体的排放速度。
本发明的用于轮胎模具的排气装置包括：
外套，该外套中形成有内腔；
芯轴，该芯轴容纳在内腔中，并包括位于一端的轴头和位于另一端的固定部；
弹簧，该弹簧设置在芯轴上，并向芯轴施加偏置力；
其中，在芯轴的固定部上设置有挡块，芯轴能够沿着外套的轴向在第一位置和第二位置之间运动，在第一位置处，在轴头和外套的第一端之间形成有间隙，而挡块抵接在外套的第二端处，而在第二位置处，轴头和外套的第一端之间密封配合。
在具有上述结构的排气装置中，挡块能够阻止芯轴从外套中脱出，并且，可以在将芯轴插入外套之后通过简单的工艺、例如挤压工艺等来形成挡块，因此本发明的排气装置结构简单，组装方便，并且该挡块能够有效地防止芯轴脱落。
在一种较佳的实施例中，固定部上包括至少一个纵向延伸的凸条，由该凸条构成所述挡块。例如，在一种具体结构中，包括沿固定部的径向对置的两个凸条，从而使挡块的横截面呈十字形，且该十字形的相互交叉的两条边中的至少一条边的长度大于所述外套的所述内孔的内直径。
挡块的该十字形或其他交叉形状的横截面使得挡块所抵接的外套的第二端处的排气间隙增大，有助于提高排气速度。并且，对于十字形的情况而言，其两条边中的至少一条边的长度应大于外套的内孔的内直径，能够确保十字形挡块与外套的第二端的有效抵接。
在又一较佳的实施例中，挡块为弹性挡块，弹性挡块的至少一部分的尺寸大于外套的内腔的内直径。借助于弹性挡块的弹性，可在将芯轴插入外套的内腔之后使弹性挡块恢复到其较大尺寸，从而阻止芯轴脱出，并且其装配过程也相对简单。
较佳地，轴头上形成有第一锥面，外套的第一端上形成有第二锥面，第一锥面和第二锥面的形状互相匹配。当芯轴处于上述第二位置时，第一锥面和第二锥面之间的相互配合能够实现轴头和外套之间的密封。当然，轴头和外套之间的密封配合也可通过其它本领域中已知的其它形状的配合面来实现。
较佳地，第一锥面的角度大于第二锥面的角度，从而所述第一锥面和所述第二锥面之间呈线接触。例如，第一锥面的角度可比第二锥面的角度大1-10°，优选地大3°。
通过该线接触的设计，可减少因杂质进入两锥面后对两个锥面之间的密封效果的影响，减少清洗频率，并且还能够避免排气瓶颈的产生。
进一步较佳地，在外套的侧壁上设置有至少一个排气通道，该至少一个排气通道将外套的内腔与外界相连通。该排气通道的设置能够提供额外的排气通道，提高排气速度。
较佳地，排气装置由不锈钢制成。或者，排气装置也可由其它适当的耐腐蚀材料制成。由此，可延长排气装置的使用寿命。
较佳地，在内腔的内壁上设置有内腔台阶部，弹簧的一端抵接在内腔台阶部上，弹簧的另一端支承在芯轴的轴头上或者形成于芯轴上的轴肩上。通过设置内腔台阶部，可适当地缩短弹簧的长度，有利于节约成本。
在一种具体结构中，本发明的排气装置包括外套，外套设有通孔并套设有相配合的芯轴，芯轴上设有弹簧支撑，其中，芯轴一端设有轴头，轴头设为圆锥面，外套上设有与轴头相契合的开口，芯轴另一端固定设有挡块并伸出外套端面，通过挡块阻挡芯轴脱落。
该挡块为十字型块。并且，挡块的最长边大于外套中心孔的直径长度。在芯轴上设有轴肩与弹簧压紧连接。外套内的通孔设为阶梯状。
本发明还涉及一种轮胎模具，轮胎模具中设有至少一个排气孔，在排气孔中安装有如以上所述的排气装置。
本发明的排气装置的安装方法如下：
提供外套、弹簧和芯轴；
以及将弹簧连接到芯轴上，并将弹簧和芯轴插入外套的内腔中，直至芯轴的固定部从外套的第二端伸出；以及
在芯轴的固定部上形成挡块。
在上述方法中，挡块具体地以如下方式形成：
使用至少两个挤刀对固定部进行挤压，从而在挤刀之间形成至少一个纵向延伸的凸条，由该凸条构成所述挡块，该挤刀的前端包括挤刀缝隙，在挤刀缝隙处不发生挤压。
该方法还包括：在使用挤刀对固定部进行挤压的过程中，芯轴处于前述的第二位置，以及在形成挡块之后，使用压块从固定部的上方对固定部向下进行挤压，以减小挡块的高度，所减小的高度赋予芯轴在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间的运动行程。较佳地，为了更好地向下挤压固定部，在压块向下挤压固定部的同时，旋转该压块。通过旋转挤压，可以使挡块变形均匀，与外套形成稳定的间隙。
以上所述的方法能够大大提高芯轴的行程精度公差，且进一步地，能够降低挡块与芯轴因应力作用而断裂脱落的风险，从而保证芯轴的强度，提高了排气装置的使用寿命。
在以上所述的方法中，除非明确说明，或者根据实际情况被判断为不可能，对各个步骤的顺序并没有固定的规定，可以根据实际的生产需要来调整这些步骤的先后关系，甚至其中一些步骤可以同时或几乎同时进行。
附图说明
图1示出了本发明的第一实施例的排气装置的截面图。
图2示出了沿图1中的线A-A得到的剖视图。
图3示出了第一实施例的排气装置的一种变型情况的在被加工出挡块之前的 截面图，其中显示轴头锥面和外套锥面的角度不同的情况。
图4示出了第一实施例的排气装置的另一种变型的截面图，其中在外套的侧壁上设置了排气通道。
图5示出了组装本发明的排气装置的方法中将排气装置的外套、弹簧和芯轴初步组装在一起时的状态。
图6A示意性地示出使用挤刀对芯轴的固定部进行挤压以形成挡块的过程。
图6B示出了图6A所示的挡块形成步骤之后的排气装置的立体图。
图7A示意性地示出了用压块对形成有挡块的固定部进行挤压的过程。
图7B以截面图的形式示意性地示出了用压块对形成有挡块的固定部进行挤压的过程。
图8示出了本发明的第二实施例的排气装置的局部截面图。
图9示意性地示出了排气装置在轮胎模具中的安装状态。
图10示出了一种现有技术的排气装置的截面图。
具体实施方式
以下将参照附图1-8对本发明的较佳实施方式进行详细描述。应当了解，附图中所示的仅仅是本发明的较佳实施例，其并不构成对本发明的范围的限制。本领域的技术人员可以在附图所示的实施例的基础上对本发明进行各种显而易见的修改、变型、等效替换，并且在不相矛盾的前提下，在以下所描述的不同实施例中的技术特征可以任意组合，而这些都落在本发明的保护范围之内。
<第一实施例>
图1和2示出了本发明的第一实施例的排气装置1，该排气装置1用于轮胎模具。
如图1所示，本发明的排气装置(或称“弹性气孔套”)1包括外套10，该外套10中形成有内腔(或中心孔)11，该内腔11两端开口，形成为通孔的形式。弹簧20和芯轴30可通过该开口插入并容纳在该内腔11中。
芯轴30的一端上形成有轴头31，图1中所示的轴头31包括轴头锥面32，具体来说该轴头锥面32形成在轴头31的外周面上。该轴头锥面32例如呈圆 锥面的形状。相对应地，在外套10上设有与轴头锥面32形状相契合的开口。具体来说，在外套10的第一端12(即在安装状态下面对轮胎模具内部的那一端)的内周面上形成有外套锥面13，该外套锥面13的形状与轴头锥面32相匹配或者说相契合。由此，当芯轴30的轴头锥面32与外套10的外套锥面13相配合时，可在轴头31和外套10之间形成密封，阻止气流通过。
芯轴30可沿着外套10的轴线方向在第一位置和第二位置之间运动，其中，在第一位置处，在轴头31的轴头锥面32与外套10的外套锥面13之间存在间隙，轮胎模具中的空气可从该间隙进入外套10的内腔11中，并随后排出，而在第二位置处，外套锥面13与轴头锥面32相接触并彼此压靠，从而形成密封配合。
在一种较佳的结构中，如图3所示，轴头31的轴头锥面32和所述外套10的外套锥面13之间的配合为线配合。具体来说，轴头锥面32的角度α大于外套锥面13的角度β，例如大1-10°，优选为3°。这样，当轴头锥面32与外套锥面13相接触而形成密封配合时，它们之间呈线接触的形式。
这样的结构设计有利于减少因杂质进入两锥面后对两锥面封闭效果的影响，减少清洗频率。具体来说，当轴头锥面32和外套锥面13的角度相同、即这两个锥面互相平行时，这两个锥面的最小直径处为排气面积最小处，从而形成排气瓶颈，该排气瓶颈会影响排气效率。与之相比，锥面之间线接触的设计则可以避免该排气瓶颈，从而提高了排气效率。
当然，上述锥面的配合形式是优选的，轴头31和外套10的第一端12之间相配合的面也可为其它形式，不会影响本发明的目的的实现。例如，轴头31可形成为柱体，该柱体的横截面尺寸大于内腔11的横截面尺寸，当芯轴30处于第二位置时，轴头31的一侧端面与外套10的第一端12处的端面互相紧密接触，从而形成密封配合。此处，所谓的横截面尺寸可以是多种形式，当横截面为圆形时，为该圆形的直径，当横截面为正方形时，为该正方形的边长，等等。
弹簧20设置在芯轴30上，例如如图1中那样围绕着芯轴30设置。进一步地来说，弹簧20通过以下方式设置在芯轴30上并对芯轴30产生偏置力：将外套10的内腔11形成为阶梯状，即，如图1所示，在内腔11的内壁上形 成有内腔台阶部15，将弹簧20的一端支承在该内腔台阶部15上。通过在内腔11的内壁形成内腔台阶部15以用于支承弹簧20的一端，可以在一定程度上缩短所需的弹簧20长度。
此外，弹簧20的另一端抵接在芯轴30上，例如抵接在轴头31上，或者抵接在形成于芯轴30的适当位置处的轴肩37上。通过这样设置的弹簧20，对芯轴30施加朝着第一位置的偏置力，从而在没有外力作用的情况下，芯轴30的轴头31和外套10的第一端12之间的间隙打开，允许空气通过。
在芯轴30的另一端上设置的是固定部33。在排气装置1处于组装好的状态下，该固定部33从外套10的第二端14伸出。在该固定部33处通过诸如挤压等的方式形成挡块34，该挡块34的形状被设置成，当芯轴30运动到第一位置时，挡块34与外套10的第二端14相抵接，从而使得芯轴30无法越过第一位置继续运动。
具体地，如图2所示，在本发明的第一实施例中，在挡块34上形成有沿径向相对地设置的两个大致纵向的凸条，从而使挡块34的横截面呈十字形，即呈由两条边交叉而成的形状、较佳地是垂直交叉。其中该十字形的的最长边大于内腔11的直径长度，或者换言之，在该十字形的两条相交叉的边中，至少比较长的那一条边的长度大于内腔11的内直径，例如大于内腔11在第二端14处的内径。这样，在芯轴30运动到第一位置时，该十字形的至少一条边能够与外套10的第二端14抵接，由此阻挡芯轴30脱落。
进一步地，由于挡块34形成为十字形等交叉形状，因此在外套10的第二端14处的排气间隙增加，由此可提高对空气的排放效率。具体来说，在现有技术中，轴头的相对端会将孔套堵塞，在硫化过程中需要将轴头下压后才能进行排气，但轴头下压后，轴头和外套的锥面间隙会变小，从而影响排气效率。与此相对地，本发明的交叉形状的挡块不会堵塞芯轴和孔套的间隙，因而不需要压缩轴头即可实现排气，因而提高了排气效率。经过测算，本发明通过设置上述结构的挡块，将排气效率提高了50％以上。
可以了解的是，十字形的挡块34只是一个较佳的示例，除了以上通过形成两条径向相对的凸条而使挡块34的横截面呈十字形的构造之外，挡块34也可以形成为其他形状，例如，挡块34上可形成有其他数量和位置的凸条， 从而使挡块的横截面呈其他形式的交叉形状，例如丁字形、三叉形、五星形等，这些都在本发明的保护范围之内，其也能起到阻挡芯轴30脱出的效果，且这些形状在一定程度上也能扩展外套10的第二端14处的气流通道，提高对空气的排放效率。
较佳地，如图4所示，在外套10的侧壁上设置有至少一个、较佳地多个排气通道50，该排气通道50将外套10的内腔11与排气装置1外部相连通。通过该排气通道50，可以进一步提高排气装置1的排气效率。具体的，该排气通道可以为排气孔或者排气槽。
对于上述结构的排气装置1来说，其各部件较佳地由耐腐蚀材料制成，例如由不锈钢制成，由此延长其使用寿命。
下面将结合图5-7B来描述第一实施例的排气装置1的组装方法：
首先，制备具有上述结构的外套10、弹簧20和芯轴30，其中芯轴30的固定部33未经加工，从而还没有形成挡块34。
接着，将弹簧20和芯轴30插入外套10的内腔11中，直到芯轴30的固定部33从外套10的第二端14伸出。在该步骤中，一种方式是先将弹簧20套到芯轴30上，使弹簧20的一端抵接在芯轴30的轴头31上或者抵接在形成于芯轴30上的轴肩37上，然后将弹簧20和芯轴30一起插入外套10的内腔11中。由此，形成如图5所示的初装状态下的排气装置1。
然后，在芯轴30的固定部33从外套10的第二端14伸出之后，对固定部33进行加工，形成挡块34。例如，对固定部33进行挤压操作，形成呈十字形截面的挡块34。如图6A所示，两个挤刀40分别从固定部33的两侧沿方向B靠近固定部33。在这两个挤刀40的前端形成有挤刀缝隙41，在挤刀40与固定部33相接触并挤压固定部33的过程中，在两个挤刀40之间形成以上所述的凸条，而在挤刀缝隙41处则不发生挤压。由此，在固定部33上形成挡块34，如图6B所示。
当然，除了图示的两个凸条之外，也可在固定部33上形成其他数量的凸条以构成挡块34，例如可形成一个凸条、三个凸条或更多凸条。对于一个凸条的情形，可以将两个挤刀40偏置，在两个挤刀40的一侧之间形成一个凸条，以构成挡块34。或者，在三个或更多凸条的情形中，可以使用三个或更多挤 刀40来对固定部33进行挤压。这些都在本发明的范围之内。
需要说明的是，在对固定部33进行挤压操作时，轴头锥面32和外套锥面13之间处于密封配合的状态。
在此之后，从上方对形成有挡块34的固定部33进行挤压，以使挡块34的高度减小，由此使得芯轴30能够在上述第一位置和第二位置之间运动。如图7A所示，使用压块60从固定部33的上方沿方向C向下对固定部33进行挤压。同时，较佳地使压块60沿方向R旋转，由此可更好地向下挤压固定部33，进而使挡块34的高度减小。如图7B所示，经过压块60的挤压，挡块34的高度减小了h，从而使得芯轴30得到允许的行程H，其中h与H是相等的。通过该挤压以减小挡块34高度的步骤，可以确保第一位置和第二位置之间行程的精度公差达到±0.05mm以内。而在现有技术中，芯轴的该行程精度公差为±0.15mm，因而本发明的该方法大大提高了芯轴的行程精度公差。
以上排气装置1的组装方法通过挤压工艺和诸如十字形的交叉结构设计来形成挡块，只需对固定部33挤压来形成挡块34，而固定部33其余的未变形部分、例如在与挤刀缝隙41相对应的未被挤压的部分处仍保持一定的强度，从而芯轴30仍保持较高的总体强度，由此降低了挡块34与芯轴33因应力作用而断裂脱落的风险，从而保证芯轴的强度，提高了排气装置的使用寿命。
<第二实施例>
图8示出了本发明的第三实施例的排气装置1。下面将主要描述第三实施例与第一和第二实施例之间不同的特征。除此之外，除非有相反的表述，在第一和第二实施例中所描述的内容同样适用于第三实施例，在此不再作详细说明。
图8示出了排气装置1在外套10的内腔11处的局部视图。从图8中可见，芯轴30的固定部33上形成有与外套10的第二端14呈过盈配合的弹性挡块36，即，该弹性挡块36的至少一部分的尺寸设置成大于内腔11的内直径、特别是在第二端14处的内直径。
在组装过程中，在将芯轴30插入外套10的内腔11时，该弹性挡块36与内腔11的内壁接触，并受挤压而弹性变形。而当弹性挡块36从外套10的 第二端14伸出之后，该弹性挡块36与外套10的内腔11的内壁脱离接触，由此恢复到其未受力的状态，此时弹性挡块36的尺寸大于内腔11的内直径，从而阻止芯轴30从外套10脱出。
通过本发明的上述较佳实施例的结构设计，可提高排气装置的空气排放效率50％以上。而且，相对于现有技术的芯轴上下行程精度公差为±0.15mm，本发明排气装置的第一位置和第二位置之间的行程精度大幅度提高，精度公差达到±0.05mm以内，达到该精度后，有利于轮胎硫化时防止橡胶颗粒或者杂质的侵入，且各个装置排气的排气一致性好，保证了排气性能，同时减少了模具清洗频率，从而提高了轮胎生产效率和质量。

Claims (19)

  1. 一种轮胎模具的排气装置，所述排气装置包括：
    外套，所述外套中形成有内腔；
    芯轴，所述芯轴容纳在所述内腔中，并包括位于一端的轴头和位于另一端的固定部；
    弹簧，所述弹簧设置在所述芯轴上，并向所述芯轴施加偏置力；
    其特征在于，在所述芯轴的所述固定部上设置有挡块，所述芯轴能够沿着所述外套的轴向在第一位置和第二位置之间运动，在所述第一位置处，在所述轴头和所述外套的第一端之间形成有间隙，而所述挡块抵接在所述外套的第二端处，而在所述第二位置处，所述轴头和所述外套的所述第一端之间密封配合。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的排气装置，其特征在于，所述固定部上包括至少一个纵向延伸的凸条，由所述凸条构成所述挡块。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的排气装置，其特征在于，包括沿所述固定部的径向对置的两个所述凸条，从而所述挡块的横截面呈十字形，且所述十字形的相互交叉的两条边中的至少一条边的长度大于所述外套的所述内孔的内直径。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的排气装置，其特征在于，所述挡块为弹性挡块，所述弹性挡块的至少一部分的尺寸大于所述外套的所述内腔的内直径。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的排气装置，其特征在于，所述轴头上形成有第一锥面，所述外套的所述第一端上形成有第二锥面，所述第一锥面和所述第二锥面的形状互相匹配。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的排气装置，其特征在于，所述第一锥面的角度大于所述第二锥面的角度，从而所述第一锥面和所述第二锥面之间呈线接触。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的排气装置，其特征在于，所述第一锥面的所述角度比所述第二锥面的所述角度大1-10°。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的排气装置，其特征在于，所述第一锥面的所述角度比所述第二锥面的所述角度大3°。
  9. 如权利要求1～8中任一项所述的排气装置，其特征在于，在所述外套 的侧壁上设置有至少一个排气通道，所述至少一个排气通道将所述外套的所述内腔与外界相连通。
  10. 一种排气装置，包括外套，所述外套设有通孔并套设有相配合的芯轴，所述芯轴上设有弹簧支撑，其特征是，所述芯轴一端设有轴头，所述轴头设为圆锥面，所述外套上设有与轴头相契合的开口，所述芯轴另一端固定设有挡块并伸出外套端面，通过挡块阻挡芯轴脱落。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的一种排气装置，其特征是，所述挡块为十字型块。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的一种排气装置，其特征是，所述挡块的最长边大于外套中心孔的直径长度。
  13. 根据权利要求10所述的一种排气装置，其特征是，所述芯轴上设有轴肩与弹簧压紧连接。
  14. 根据权利要求10所述的一种排气装置，其特征是，所述外套内的通孔设为阶梯状。
  15. 一种轮胎模具，所述轮胎模具中设有至少一个排气孔，其特征在于，所述排气孔中安装有如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的排气装置。
  16. 一种组装如权利要求1所述的排气装置的方法，其特征在于，所述方法包括如下步骤：
    提供所述外套、所述弹簧和所述芯轴；
    将所述弹簧连接到所述芯轴上，并将所述弹簧和所述芯轴插入所述外套的所述内腔中，直至所述芯轴的所述固定部从所述外套的所述第二端伸出；以及
    在所述芯轴的所述固定部上形成所述挡块。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的方法，其特征在于，所述挡块以如下方式形成：
    使用至少两个挤刀对所述固定部进行挤压，从而在所述挤刀之间形成至少一个纵向延伸的凸条，所述凸条构成所述挡块，其中，在所述挤刀的前端包括挤刀缝隙，在所述挤刀缝隙处不发生挤压。
  18. 如权利要求17所述的方法，其特征在于，在使用所述挤刀对所述固定部进行挤压的过程中，所述芯轴处于所述第二位置，以及
    在形成所述挡块之后，使用压块从所述固定部的上方对所述固定部向下进行 挤压，以减小所述挡块的高度，所减小的高度赋予所述芯轴在所述第一位置和所述第二位置之间的运动行程。
  19. 如权利要求18所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述压块向下挤压所述固定部的同时，旋转所述压块。
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