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• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
  • C07C45/40—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by oxidation with ozone; by ozonolysis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C45/00—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds
  • C07C45/61—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups
  • C07C45/67—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton
  • C07C45/68—Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
  • C07C69/76—Esters of carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07F—ACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
  • C07F5/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 3 or 13 of the Periodic Table
  • C07F5/02—Boron compounds
  • C07F5/025—Boronic and borinic acid compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C2603/00—Systems containing at least three condensed rings
  • C07C2603/56—Ring systems containing bridged rings
  • C07C2603/58—Ring systems containing bridged rings containing three rings
  • C07C2603/70—Ring systems containing bridged rings containing three rings containing only six-membered rings
  • C07C2603/74—Adamantanes

Definitions

• the invention relates to a preparation method of difluoroallyl borate and application thereof, and belongs to the field of compound preparation.
• 1,1-Difluoroolefins are an important class of fluorine-containing groups, often used in the construction of fluorine-containing compound skeletons, and 1,1-difluoroolefin functional groups can be defluorinated to form monofluoroolefins (Chem. Lett. 1979, 983). .), hydrogenation to form difluoromethyl (J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1989, 1437.), fluoride to form trifluoromethyl (J. Org. Chem.
• the unsaturated double bond can also undergo a nucleophilic addition reaction to form a fluorine-containing heterocyclic ring by intermolecular cycloaddition (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12059.).
• the 1,1-difluoroolefin functional group is considered to be a carbonyl bioisostere in drug design (J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun.
• 1,1 -Difluoroolefin functional organic molecules are also often used as enzyme inhibitors (Fluorine in Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology; Wiley-Blackwell: West London, UK, 2009.), so that it is relatively easy to synthesize 1,1-difluoroolefins. Functional organic molecules are particularly important.
• Alkyl borate and alkyl boric acid are very important intermediates in the field of organic synthesis (Boronic Acids: Preparation and Applications in Organic Synthesis and Medicine, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005), in various pharmaceutical and polymeric materials. It has been widely used in the synthesis of liquid crystal materials and fluorescent probe materials. Compounds containing borate or boric acid functional groups can be used in addition to the classical Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 6722.), and can be easily converted into corresponding ones. Alcohols, aldehydes, amine functional groups, etc. (Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 11230.).
• the difluoroallyl borate compound containing both a 1,1-difluoroolefin functional group and a borate functional group in the molecule is an excellent organic synthetic building block, but the synthesis of the difluoroallyl borate compound is currently only one.
• An example report (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2011, 50, 7079.) requires a complex carbene copper complex as a catalyst and a low yield.
• Compound III 3-(4-acetylphenyl)-1-(adamantan-1-yl)-2,2-difluoro-3-hydroxy-1-propanone (Compound III) is a gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist (J.Med.Chem. 2013, 56, 2456), the existing synthetic route is based on 1-(adamantan-1-yl)-4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxy-1-butanone It is obtained by fluorination with Selectfluor, detrifluoroacetyl group and addition with aldehyde, and the reagent used is relatively expensive (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2011, 133, 5802).
• the object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive, commercially available iron salt directly as a catalyst, with borax Method for synthesizing difluoroallyl borate compound (compound of formula II) by using trifluoromethylene (compound of formula I) as raw material, using alcohol ester as boride reagent And used for the synthesis of ⁇ -aminobutyric acid receptor agonists.
• a method for preparing a difluoroallyl boronic acid ester which comprises reacting a compound represented by the general formula II and a boronic acid pinacol ester in a solvent in the presence of an iron catalyst and a base according to the following reaction formula; a compound of the formula I,
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C6 alkyl
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, and C2-C5 ester.
• the iron catalyst is at least one of ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, ferrous bromide, iron bromide, iron acetylacetonate, ferrous acetylacetonate, and ferrous acetate.
• the base is selected from the group consisting of potassium t-butoxide, sodium t-butoxide, lithium t-butoxide, sodium methoxide, lithium methoxide, potassium methoxide, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium phosphate. At least one.
• the solvent of the present invention is preferably tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, toluene, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloromethane, anisole, methyl t-butyl ether, and At least one of oxyhexacyclohexane and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
• THF tetrahydrofuran
• acetonitrile N,N-dimethylformamide
• toluene dichloromethane
• 1,2-dichloromethane 1,2-dichloromethane
• anisole methyl t-butyl ether
• At least one of oxyhexacyclohexane and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether At least one of oxyhexacyclohexane and ethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
• the solvent of the present invention may be used in an amount satisfying the reaction requirements.
• the ratio of the compound of the formula II to the amount of the solvent is 1 mmol: 5 to 15 mL.
• alkyl as used herein includes both straight chain alkyl and branched alkyl groups.
• a single alkyl group such as "propyl”
• a single branched-chain alkyl group such as "isopropyl”
• alkyl group below C4 includes methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, t-butyl and the like. Similar rules apply Other groups used in this specification.
• halogen as used herein includes fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo.
• the C2-C5 ester group described herein is a group having the structure: -COOR, wherein R is a C1-C4 alkyl group.
• the C1-C4 alkoxy group described herein is a group having the structure: -OM 1 , wherein M 1 is a C1-C4 alkyl group such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, an isopropoxy group. , butoxy, tert-butoxy.
• R 2 is selected from H, C 1 -C 6 alkyl, and further, R 2 is preferably H, n-propyl;
• R 3 is selected from H, C1 ⁇ C6 alkyl, phenyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, C1 ⁇ C4 alkoxy, C2 ⁇ C5 ester group; further, R 3 is preferably H, Methyl, methoxy, halogen, trifluoromethyl, tert-butyl, trifluoromethoxy, phenyl;
• the amount of the substance of the base is preferably 0.5 to 3 times the amount of the compound of the formula II, and further preferably the amount of the substance of the base is The amount of the compound represented by the above formula II is 1 to 2 times.
• the amount of the substance of the bis-borate is preferably from 1 to 3 times the amount of the compound of the formula II, and further preferably The amount of the material of the boranoic acid pinacol ester is from 1 to 1.5 times the amount of the compound of the formula II.
• the amount of the catalyst is preferably from 0.1% to 10%, preferably from 5% to 10%, based on the amount of the compound of the formula II.
• the reaction temperature of the above reaction is preferably from 25 ° C to the reflux temperature of the solvent, and the reaction time is from 10 min to 48 h, preferably from 5 h to 24 h.
• a method for preparing a difluoroallyl boronic acid ester which comprises reacting a compound represented by the general formula II and a boronic acid pinacol ester in a solvent in the presence of an iron catalyst and a base according to the following reaction formula; A compound of the formula I is obtained, wherein the reaction temperature is from 25 ° C to the reflux temperature of the solvent, and the reaction time is from 10 min to 48 h.
• R 2 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C6 alkyl
• R 3 is selected from the group consisting of H, C1-C6 alkyl, phenyl, halogen, trifluoromethyl, trifluoromethoxy, C1-C4 alkoxy, C2-C5 ester;
• the iron catalyst is at least one of ferrous chloride, ferric chloride, ferrous bromide, iron bromide, iron acetylacetonate, ferrous acetylacetonate, and ferrous acetate.
• the base is selected from the group consisting of potassium t-butoxide, sodium t-butoxide, lithium t-butoxide, sodium methoxide, lithium methoxide, potassium methoxide, cesium carbonate, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, potassium phosphate. At least one.
• the solvent is selected from the group consisting of tetrahydrofuran, acetonitrile, N,N-dimethylformamide, toluene, dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloromethane, anisole, methyl tert-butyl ether, dioxane, and B. At least one of the glycol dimethyl ethers.
• a further object of the present invention is to provide the use of a compound prepared by the above synthetic method for the synthesis of a ⁇ -aminobutyric acid receptor agonist (III).
• the difluoroallylboronic acid pinacol ester is then subjected to the following route:
• 21-(4-Acetylphenyl)-3-(adamantan-1-yl)-2,2-difluorobut-3-en-1-ol is dissolved in dichloromethane/methanol mixed solvent, -78 ° C
• the lower bubble was bubbled with ozone and kept in blue for 10 min, then moved to room temperature and bubbled with argon until the reaction system was a colorless clear solution; once again cooled to -78 ° C, argon was added to maintain argon atmosphere.
• Table 1 lists the specific structures of the substituents of the respective starting compounds in the above reaction formula.
• Table 2 lists the structures, physical properties and 1 H NMR data of the specific compounds 1 to 23 synthesized in the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these compounds.
• the invention has the beneficial effects that iron is the second highest metal element in the earth's crust and the indispensable trace element of the human body, and has the advantages of rich content, low cost, easy availability, low toxicity and environmental friendliness, and the catalyst is developed based on the invention. Current requirements for sustainable development and green chemistry.
• the method of the present invention directly uses an inexpensive, commercially available metal iron salt as a catalyst to provide a convenient, low-cost method for the preparation of difluoroallyl borate, and is gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor agonist.
• agent (III) provides a new and effective route.
• test methods described in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
• the organic phase was washed with brine (2 ⁇ 10 mL) and dried over anhydrous Na 2 SO 4
• the title compound was obtained by chromatography.
• the title compound was silica gel.
• the eluent was petroleum ether: ethyl acetate (50:1).
• the target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was changed to the same molar amount of 2-methoxy- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene.
• the isolated yield was 89%.
• the target compound was isolated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was replaced by the same molar amount of 2-chloro- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene. The rate is 72%.
• the target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was changed to the same molar amount of 3-methoxy- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene.
• the isolated yield was 90%.
• the target compound was isolated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was changed to the same molar amount of 3-chloro- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene. The rate is 69%.
• the target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was changed to the same molar amount of 4-methoxy- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene.
• the isolated yield was 80%.
• the target compound was isolated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was replaced with the same molar amount of 4-chloro- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene. The rate is 96%.
• the target compound was isolated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was replaced with the same molar amount of 4-fluoro- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene. The rate is 84%.
• the target compound was isolated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was replaced with the same molar amount of 4-bromo- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene. The rate is 84%.
• Example 2 The target was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was changed to the same molar amount of 4-trifluoromethyl- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene.
• the isolated yield of the compound was 86%.
• Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was replaced with the same molar amount of 4-trifluoromethoxy- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene.
• the isolated compound was obtained in an isolated yield of 97%.
• the target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was replaced with the same molar amount of 4-tert-butyl- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene.
• the isolated yield was 86%.
• the target compound was isolated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was replaced with the same molar amount of 4-phenyl- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene. The yield was 95%.
• the target compound was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was changed to the same molar amount of 4-methoxycarbonyl- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene.
• the isolated yield was 58%.
• Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was changed to the same molar amount of 3,4-methylenedioxy- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene.
• the target compound was obtained in an isolated yield of 99%.
• Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was changed to the same molar amount of 2,4-dimethyl- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene. The isolated compound was isolated in a yield of 73%.
• Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was changed to the same molar amount of 3,5-dimethyl- ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene.
• the isolated compound was isolated in a yield of 80%.
• the target compound was isolated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was changed to the same molar amount of ⁇ -trifluoromethyl-2-benzothiopheneethylene. The yield was 73%.
• Example 2 The title compound was isolated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was changed to the same molar amount of ⁇ -trifluoromethyl-1-naphthaleneethylene. 72%.
• Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was replaced with the same molar amount of 2-trifluoromethyl-4-phenyl-1-butene. The isolated compound was isolated in a yield of 94%.
• Example 1 Except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was replaced by the same molar amount of 1-trifluoromethyl-1-phenylpentene (a mixture of cis-trans configuration, cis-conversion ratio of 1:2.16), The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain a target compound isolated yield: 67%.
• the target compound was isolated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was replaced with the same molar amount of 2-trifluoromethyl-1-undecene. The rate is 91%.
• Example 2 The same procedure as in Example 1 except that the ⁇ -trifluoromethylstyrene in Example 1 was replaced by the same molar amount of 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-(adamantan-1-yl)propene. The method was carried out to obtain an isolated compound yield of 76%.
• Example 1 Except that the anhydrous THF in Example 1 was changed to anhydrous acetonitrile, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain a target compound having a hydrogen nuclear magnetic yield of 18% (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane). For internal standards).
• Example 1 Except that the anhydrous THF in Example 1 was changed to anhydrous ethylene glycol dimethyl ether, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain a target compound having a hydrogen nuclear magnetic yield of 93% (1, 1, 2, 2). - Tetrachloroethane is an internal standard).
• Example 1 Except that lithium t-butoxide in Example 1 was replaced with potassium methoxide, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain a target compound having a hydrogen nuclear magnetic yield of 45% (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane). For internal standards).
• Example 1 Except that the lithium t-butoxide in Example 1 was reduced to 0.6 times the molar amount, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain a target compound having a hydrogen nuclear magnetic yield of 60% (1,1,2,2-tetrachloro). Ethane is an internal standard).
• the hydrogen nucleus magnetic yield of the target compound was 59% (by 1,1,2,2- except that the boranoic acid pinacol ester in Example 1 was reduced to 0.6 times the molar amount, in the same manner as in Example 1. Tetrachloroethane is an internal standard).
• Example 1 Except that the catalyst FeCl 2 in Example 1 was reduced to 1 mol%, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain a target compound having a hydrogen nuclear magnetic yield of 17% (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane). Internal standard).
• Example 1 Except that the catalyst FeCl 2 in Example 1 was changed to 10 mol%, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain a target compound having a hydrogen nuclear magnetic yield of 99% (1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane). Internal standard).
• Example 1 Except that the reaction temperature in Example 1 was lowered to 25 ° C, the same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out to obtain a target compound having a hydrogen nuclear magnetic yield of 34% (with 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane). Standard).

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