WO2018014419A1 - 一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法 - Google Patents

一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法 Download PDF

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WO2018014419A1
WO2018014419A1 PCT/CN2016/097119 CN2016097119W WO2018014419A1 WO 2018014419 A1 WO2018014419 A1 WO 2018014419A1 CN 2016097119 W CN2016097119 W CN 2016097119W WO 2018014419 A1 WO2018014419 A1 WO 2018014419A1
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slag
iron
mixed
reaction
temperature
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PCT/CN2016/097119
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张力
张武
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东北大学
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00—Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/20—Obtaining alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04—Working-up slag
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of non-blast furnace iron making and comprehensive utilization of resources, and particularly relates to a method for melting reduction production and quenching and tempering treatment of mixed slag.
  • blast furnace ironmaking Production encounters huge challenges, as follows:
  • the blast furnace has a long production process from raw material pretreatment, pellet plant, sintering plant, coking plant, blast furnace ironmaking, and the total investment is very large;
  • the smelting reduction method uses non-coking coal as energy source to carry out iron oxide reduction under high temperature melting state, and slag iron can be completely separated. It has the following advantages: (1) It can handle refractory low-quality iron ore, iron-bearing composite ore, special ore It is an important means of comprehensive utilization of resources, with a wide range of raw material resources; (2) short process, high speed, low production cost and low investment; (3) low environmental pollution, cleaner and more environmentally friendly.
  • Blast furnace slag is produced during the reduction process of blast furnace. It not only contains reducing substances such as coke, coal powder, carbon, carbon powder, etc., but also contains high-level metallurgical fluxes such as CaO and SiO 2 . China emits more than 300 million tons per year. blast furnace slag, large number of annual take CaO, SiO 2, coke, pulverized coal, carbon, toner, and other valuable components, therefore, blast furnace slag is an important secondary resource.
  • the blast furnace slag temperature emitted from the blast furnace is between 1300 ° C and 1600 ° C, and a large amount of physical heat is discharged each year. Therefore, blast furnace slag is also an important physical heat resource.
  • the blast furnace slag has various utilization ways according to its treatment method: (1) granulated blast furnace slag as a cement route; (2) granulated blast furnace slag ore powder as cement and concrete admixture; (3) granulated blast furnace slag brick; (4) blast furnace slag is used as silicon fertilizer; (5) slag cotton, cast stone and glass-ceramic material.
  • blast furnace slag is mainly prepared by water quenching and granulating to prepare cement, concrete, brick, etc., but consumes a lot of water resources, generates corrosive hot steam, heat cannot be recycled, water resources cannot be recycled, and a large amount of heat resources are difficult to be utilized.
  • Steel slag is produced in the steelmaking process. Its metal iron content is above 10%, iron oxide content is above 30%, and it contains certain free calcium oxide and phosphorus pentoxide. China emits more than 150 million tons per year, and takes away more than 15 million tons of metal iron and 30 million tons of iron oxide every year. It also takes away a lot of valuable components such as free calcium oxide, phosphorus pentoxide and silicon dioxide. Therefore, steel slag is an important secondary resource.
  • the molten steel slag released during the steelmaking process is higher than 1550 ° C and emits a large amount of physical heat every year. Therefore, melting is also an important physical heat resource.
  • the steel slag mainly adopts the water quenching process, the steel slag “squeaky tank” and other treatment processes, magnetically recovering the metal iron in the slag, but the recovery rate is low, and the residual metal iron content in the slag is as high as 5%, the process only considers the metal iron in the recovered slag. Iron oxides containing up to 30% or more of the recovered slag are not considered.
  • the water quenching process and the steel slag “squeaky tank” treatment process consume a large amount of water resources, generate corrosive hot steam, heat cannot be recycled, water resources cannot be recycled, and a large amount of heat resources are difficult to be utilized.
  • steel slag can be utilized in the above manner, it is subject to many restrictions: (1) free CaO and MgO reduce the stability of steel slag volume; (2) higher content of iron oxide increases the difficulty of grinding; (3) steel slag When directly returning to the metallurgical process, phosphorus will gradually concentrate into the iron, which limits the application of steel slag; (4) the steel slag is easy to be pulverized; and (5) the fluorine and heavy metals are immersed in rainwater to pollute the environment. At present, the utilization rate of steel slag is only 20%, causing a large accumulation of steel slag, which pollutes the environment and wastes resources.
  • Blast furnace slag and molten steel slag contain abundant thermal energy resources, contain a large amount of hot metallurgical flux, and contain high content of iron, phosphorus, calcium and other valuable elements, which are important secondary resources.
  • the blast furnace slag is a reducing slag
  • the molten steel slag is an oxidizing slag, and has strong chemical reaction activity, and is a slag system excellent in physical and chemical properties, and is a metallurgical clinker.
  • the chemical composition and mineral composition of steel slag are very similar to cement clinker.
  • the chemical composition of blast furnace slag is similar to that of cement clinker.
  • the annual production of cement clinker in China exceeds 1.2 billion tons, requiring a large amount of mineral resources such as limestone and clay. Physical thermal resources cost more than 200 billion yuan. China's limestone and clay mineral resources can only be mined for 50 years.
  • the present invention provides a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering treatment of mixed slag, which is a method of smelting reduction of raw slag to produce iron or steel, phosphorus-rich phase and mixed slag The method of quality treatment.
  • the method has short reaction time, high metal recovery rate, low production cost, strong adaptability of raw materials, large processing capacity, environmental friendliness and economic harvest.
  • Yigao is a new smelting reduction ironmaking process that can effectively solve the problem of efficient recycling of metallurgical resources and thermal energy.
  • the method for the smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering treatment of the mixed slag of the invention fully utilizes the physical heat resources of the blast furnace slag and the molten steel slag and the hot metallurgical flux, and the reducing property of the blast furnace slag and the oxidizing property of the molten steel slag,
  • a reducing agent and an iron-containing material are added, heated to a molten state, and an oxidizing gas is sprayed to perform smelting reduction iron making, and the slag obtained by the reaction is treated to cause inclusion of pig iron and continue
  • the reduced metal iron aggregates grows and settles, the phosphorus component is enriched in the phosphorus-rich phase, and the metal iron or steel and phosphorus-rich phase are obtained by separation, and the iron oxide, free calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in the reduced slag are obtained.
  • slag realizes quenching and tempering treatment
  • smelting reduction treatment of bulk iron-containing materials realizing large-scale iron-containing materials, smelting reduction ironmaking, slag-gold separation, obtaining molten iron and reduced slag
  • reducing slag can be used as cement additive , cement conditioner or directly as cement clinker, can also add other components to produce high value-added cement clinker, to achieve efficient and comprehensive utilization of resources, is a new Smelting reduction ironmaking method.
  • the method for the smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering treatment of the mixed slag according to the present invention is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the mixed slag formed by the blast furnace slag and the molten steel slag is added to the heat preservation device, the pourable smelting reaction device or the fixed smelting reaction device, and the reducing agent and the iron-containing material are added to the mixed slag to obtain the reaction mixed slag.
  • the reaction is mixed with molten slag, heated to a molten state, and subjected to smelting reduction, and both parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the control method is:
  • the set temperature range is from 1350 to 1600 ° C;
  • the temperature range of the reaction mixed slag is set to 1350 to 1600 ° C;
  • the temperature range of the reaction mixed slag is set to 1400 ⁇ 1600 ° C;
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the reaction mixture slag in the set temperature range is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture slag is brought to a set temperature range by the heating function of the reaction device itself or by adding fuel and/or molten steel slag to the reaction mixture slag.
  • the solid iron-containing material and/or the blast furnace slag is added to the reaction mixture slag to be cooled, so that the temperature of the reaction mixture slag reaches a set temperature range;
  • reaction mixture slag basicity CaO / SiO 2 ratio ⁇ 0.6
  • the control method is:
  • step 1 Using the method of controlling the reaction mixture slag in step 1 (1) to set the temperature range;
  • cooling mixing the reduced reaction slag, cooling to room temperature, to obtain slow cooling slag
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron
  • tailings recycling There are two kinds of tailings recycling: 1 as cement raw materials, building materials, instead of crushed stone as aggregate, road material or phosphate fertilizer; 2 using hydrometallurgy, beneficiation method or beneficiation-hydrometallurgical joint method The phosphorus-containing components in the tailings are separated.
  • the method of treating the slag after reduction and performing slag treatment outside the furnace adopts one of Method A, Method B, Method C, Method D, and Method E:
  • the reduced slag is directly air-cooled or water-quenched and used as slag cement, cement conditioner, additive in cement production, cement clinker, slag wool, cast stone, glass-ceramic material or building material.
  • Method B Air chilling or water quenching after reduction of slag after reduction
  • the reduced slag is poured into a pourable heat preservation device, a pourable smelting reaction device or a fixed smelting reaction device, and a preheated oxidizing gas is blown into the reduced slag as slag
  • the iron oxide content is ⁇ 2wt%, the oxidation of the slag is completed, and the slag after oxidation is obtained, wherein the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas is 0 to 1200 ° C;
  • the control method adopted is:
  • the preheated fuel is injected, the heat is burned, the heat is supplemented, or the device itself is heated to make the slag temperature ⁇ 1450 ° C;
  • the slag after oxidation is directly air-cooled or water-quenched, and used as slag cement, cement conditioner, additive in cement production or cement clinker.
  • Method C slag treatment after reduction to produce high value-added cement clinker
  • the reduced slag is poured into a pourable heat preservation device, a pourable smelting reaction device or a fixed smelting reaction device, and is added to a molten converter steel slag, an electric furnace smelting reduction steel slag, an electric furnace molten oxidized steel slag, lime, pulverized coal
  • a molten converter steel slag an electric furnace smelting reduction steel slag
  • an electric furnace molten oxidized steel slag an electric furnace molten oxidized steel slag
  • lime pulverized coal
  • the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas is 0 to 1200 ° C;
  • the control method adopted is:
  • the preheated fuel is injected, the heat is burned, the heat is supplemented, or the device is heated by itself, so that the temperature of the slag mixture is ⁇ 1450 ° C;
  • Method D Part or all of the reduced slag is returned to the mixed slag
  • the mixed slag composition is adjusted, and the mixed slag basicity, temperature or viscosity is controlled.
  • the reduced slag is poured into the heat preservation device for reprocessing:
  • Step one and then mixing the slag to reduce the ironmaking:
  • Injecting gas a preheated oxidizing gas is injected into the slag after reduction in the heat retaining device, wherein the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas is 0 to 1200 ° C; the blowing time and flow rate of the oxidizing gas The relationship is 1 ⁇ 90L / (min ⁇ kg);
  • the temperature of the reduced slag is between 1350 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 is 0.6 to 2.6 by adding a hot solvent to the reduced slag; wherein the hot solvent is blast furnace slag and/or molten steel slag ;
  • a reducing agent is added to the mixed slag to reduce the remaining iron oxide to metallic iron in the mixed slag.
  • the treatment is carried out by using one of Method A or Method D in Method 1 or Method 2 in Step 2.
  • the temperature of the blast furnace slag is ⁇ 1300 ° C, which is obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace; the temperature of the molten steel slag is ⁇ 1500 ° C, which is obtained from the slag outlet of the steel slag.
  • said normal blast furnace slag is blast furnace slag, containing a mass fraction of TiO 2 ⁇ 4%.
  • the molten steel slag is a converter steelmaking molten steel slag and/or an electric furnace steelmaking molten oxidized steel slag.
  • the iron-containing material is an iron-containing material, such as ordinary iron concentrate, ordinary iron concentrate ore, ordinary iron concentrate pellet, ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellet, ordinary Iron concentrate containing carbon pre-reducing pellets, ordinary iron concentrate direct reduced iron, ordinary steel slag, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace soot, converter soot, iron oxide scale, zinc leaching slag in wet zinc smelting process, alumina production process One or more of red mud, fly ash, copper slag, and sulfuric acid slag.
  • iron-containing material such as ordinary iron concentrate, ordinary iron concentrate ore, ordinary iron concentrate pellet, ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellet, ordinary Iron concentrate containing carbon pre-reducing pellets, ordinary iron concentrate direct reduced iron, ordinary steel slag, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace soot, converter soot, iron oxide scale, zinc leaching slag in wet zinc smelting process, alumina production process One or more of red mud, fly ash, copper slag, and sulfuric acid slag.
  • the reducing agent is one of coal powder, coke powder, bituminous coal, and anthracite.
  • the fuel is pulverized coal.
  • the reaction mixed slag is in the process of mixing and melting the material and blowing the oxidizing gas, and the iron oxide in the reaction mixture slag continues to undergo a smelting reduction reaction, and the high-valent iron (Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ ) is Reduced to low-cost iron (Fe and Fe 2+ ).
  • the heat preservation device is a pourable heat preservation device and a non-pourable heat insulation device; the non-pourable insulation device
  • the heating pit is set to be heated by adding fuel; the pourable heat preservation device is a heat preservation slag tank, and the heating method is adding fuel.
  • the pourable smelting reaction device is a pourable converter, a pourable smelting reaction slag tank or an induction furnace.
  • the fixed smelting reaction device is a reaction device with a slag port or an iron port at the bottom; the fixed smelting reaction device is a plasma furnace, a DC arc furnace, an AC arc furnace, a submerged arc furnace, a blast furnace or a reflection furnace.
  • the inner layer of the reaction device has a carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material;
  • the carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material is a carbon-containing composite refractory material;
  • carbon is carbon, graphite, petroleum One or more of asphalt coke, metallurgical coke, asphalt, anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, refractory material is siliceous, semi-silica, clay, high alumina, magnesia, dolomite, olivine, tip One or more of spar, cold blast furnace slag and cold steel slag;
  • carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory has two functions: 1) protection and heat preservation device to improve its life; 2) cooling and cooling The cold slag is easily removed from the heat preservation device;
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the reaction mixture slag in a set temperature range is that the preheating temperature of the fuel is 0 to 1200 ° C, and the temperature of the molten steel slag is ⁇ 1500 ° C.
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the reaction mixture slag is in a set temperature range, and the fuel and the oxidizing gas are sprayed from the nozzle of the spray gun into the reaction mixture slag; the spray gun is inserted into the mixed slag by using a refractory spray gun or placed in the mixture. Fuel is injected into the upper or side of the slag.
  • an oxidizing gas is added to the mixed slag while the fuel and the oxidizing gas are sprayed into the mixed slag from the lance of the lance.
  • the method of controlling the temperature of the reaction mixture slag in a set temperature range, the fuel is pulverized coal.
  • the solid iron-containing material and the blast furnace slag are added to the mixed slag, the solid iron-containing material and the blast furnace slag are in any ratio.
  • the solid iron-containing material is ordinary iron concentrate, ordinary iron concentrate sinter, ordinary iron concentrate pellet, ordinary iron fine Mineral metallized pellets, ordinary iron concentrates containing carbon prereducing pellets, ordinary iron concentrate direct reduced iron, ordinary steel slag, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace soot, converter soot, iron oxide scale, zinc leaching residue in wet zinc smelting process
  • ordinary iron concentrate ordinary iron concentrate sinter, ordinary iron concentrate pellet, ordinary iron fine Mineral metallized pellets, ordinary iron concentrates containing carbon prereducing pellets, ordinary iron concentrate direct reduced iron, ordinary steel slag, blast furnace gas ash, blast furnace soot, converter soot, iron oxide scale, zinc leaching residue in wet zinc smelting process
  • red mud, fly ash, copper slag, and sulfuric acid slag produced in the alumina production process.
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the reaction mixed slag in a set temperature range wherein the solid iron-containing material is a powdery material or a spherical material, wherein the granular material has a particle size of ⁇ 150 ⁇ m; the powdery material is sprayed
  • the mixed slag is added by blowing, and the loading gas is air, nitrogen, argon, nitrogen-air mixture, nitrogen-oxygen mixture or air-argon mixture; the injection method is sprayed with a refractory spray gun
  • the reaction slag is added in a way.
  • the oxidation of the iron in the blast furnace slag, the granular iron in the molten steel slag and the reduced metallic iron is suppressed, and the recovery rate of the metallic iron is improved.
  • the alkalinity ratio of the control reaction mixed slag is any ratio when two or three kinds of lime powder, dolomite powder or quicklime powder are added to the reaction mixture slag.
  • the oxidizing gas is one or more of air, oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, oxygen-nitrogen mixed gas, air-nitrogen mixed gas, oxygen-argon mixed gas, air-argon mixed gas;
  • the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas varies depending on the gas.
  • a refractory spray gun is used to spray an oxidizing gas into the mixed slag, and a refractory spray gun is used to insert the mixed slag or placed on the upper side or the side of the mixed slag to inject an oxidizing gas.
  • the blowing time and flow rate of the oxidizing gas are determined according to the slag quality, temperature, and degree of reduction oxidation.
  • step 1 (2) mixing slag smelting reduction ironmaking process the oxidizing gas is sprayed, and the mixed slag oxygen potential is controlled to not only cause the granulated iron in the blast furnace slag to aggregate, grow and settle in the molten iron slag.
  • the iron oxide (FeO, Fe 2 O 3 ) in the molten steel slag is sufficiently reduced to metal iron to achieve aggregation, growth and sedimentation, and the smelting reduction iron making of bulk iron-containing materials is a new smelting reduction ironmaking process.
  • step 1 (2) after the blowing of the gas is completed, the reduced mixed slag is obtained, wherein the iron oxide is smelted and reduced to metallic iron to form molten iron, and the slag-gold is separated to obtain molten iron and reduced slag.
  • Metallic molten iron achieves aggregation, growth and settlement;
  • the silicon and calcium components in the mixed slag continue to migrate, are enriched in the silicon-rich calcium phase, and grow up, and the metal molten iron continues to aggregate, grow and settle.
  • phosphorus component migration enrichment in the Ca 2 SiO 4 -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 phase, distributed in the phase interface between the two phases of the silicon-rich calcium phase and other mineral phases, Conducive to the mineral dissociation of the silicon-rich calcium phase, which is conducive to separation of minerals;
  • the cooling is natural cooling or rotary cooling.
  • the rotary cooling is performed, and the heat preservation device equipped with the mixed slag is placed on the rotating platform, and the rotation speed of the rotating platform depends on the quality of the slag and the height or depth of the heat preservation device.
  • the rotation time depends on the quality of the slag and the solidification of the slag; the heat preservation device equipped with the slag is rotated on the rotating platform to accelerate the accumulation and growth of the metal iron, the silicon calcium component, and the phosphorus-rich phase. Settlement, shorten settlement time, improve sedimentation effect, improve production efficiency, and realize slag quenching and tempering treatment;
  • step 2 in the method (1), most of the metallic iron settles to the bottom due to the difference in density and the size of the mineral.
  • the metal slag recovery rate of the mixed slag is 90 to 95%.
  • the slag quenching and tempering treatment is the disappearance of free calcium oxide and free magnesium oxide, metal Iron and iron oxides almost disappear, and grindability increases;
  • the hydrometallurgy is a dilute acid leaching method, wherein the dilute acid leaching method is one of inorganic acid leaching and organic acid leaching; One or several kinds of hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid are mixed in any ratio, and the organic acid is mixed with one or several of oxalic acid, acetic acid and citric acid in any ratio.
  • the method E of the method 2 is further separated and the method 1 is used, the recovery rate of the metal iron is 95 to 97%.
  • the fuel is coal powder, and the preheating temperature of the fuel is 0 to 1200 °C.
  • the reducing agent is one of coal powder, coke powder, bituminous coal, and anthracite.
  • the reaction mixing slag smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering treatment method is from the beginning of the mixing of the raw materials until the separation and recovery process continues to occur, the free calcium oxide and the free magnesium oxide in the slag disappear, the iron oxide It almost disappears with the metal iron, and the slag is tempered.
  • the invention fully utilizes the mixing slag of the blast furnace slag and the molten steel slag, adding a reducing agent and an iron-containing material, heating to a molten state, spraying an oxidizing gas, and smelting and reducing the bulk solid iron-containing material, not only
  • the smelting reduction ironmaking of iron oxide in the mixed slag is realized, and the smelting reduction ironmaking of the bulk solid iron-containing material is realized, the oxygen potential is controlled, the iron oxide is sufficiently reduced to metal iron, the slag-gold is separated, and the molten iron is obtained.
  • the pig iron mixed in the molten steel slag and the metal iron that continues to be reduced begin to aggregate and grow. When it approaches a certain size, it begins to settle, and most of it settles to the bottom of the slag to form a whole iron ingot;
  • the iron component in the slag is enriched in metallic iron, and the phosphorus component migrates and accumulates in the phosphorus-rich phase, and achieves aggregation and growth.
  • the silicon and calcium components in the mixed slag continue to migrate and enrich.
  • the heat preservation device equipped with mixed slag is rotated on the rotating platform to accelerate the accumulation, growth and settlement of the metal iron and phosphorus-rich phase, shorten the settlement time, improve the settlement effect, and improve the production efficiency;
  • the hydraulic mineral C 2 S is increased, which can be directly used as an additive in slag cement, cement conditioner and cement production, and further melted and oxidized by adding molten converter steel slag, electric furnace smelting reduction steel slag, electric furnace One or more of steel slag, lime, fly ash, alkaline iron ore, bauxite, clay, molten blast furnace slag, adjust alkalinity, spray oxidizing gas, adjust iron oxide content, make it more Close to the required cement clinker composition, with a high A mine, increased hydraulic binder minerals, increased adhesion, increased early strength of cement, can be directly used as cement clinker.
  • the method can be carried out continuously or intermittently to meet the actual needs of industrial production.
  • the invention not only realizes high-efficiency recovery of iron, silicon, calcium and phosphorus components in the mixed slag, but also realizes large-scale treatment of solid iron-containing materials by smelting reduction, and produces molten iron, silicon-rich calcium phase and phosphorus-rich phase. It is a new smelting reduction ironmaking process.
  • the carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material not only protects the heat preservation device, but also makes the cooled slow cooling slag easy to be removed from the heat preservation device;
  • the raw material of the present invention is a liquid molten blast furnace slag ( ⁇ 1300 ° C) and molten steel slag ( ⁇ 1500 ° C) flowing out of the slag outlet, which is rich in thermal energy resources, has the characteristics of high temperature and high heat, and is fully utilized.
  • the slag physical heat resource saves energy efficiently;
  • the liquid molten blast furnace slag and molten steel slag contain a large amount of hot metallurgical flux, which are slag systems with excellent physical and chemical properties, achieving efficient utilization of metallurgical resources and thermal resources;
  • the blast furnace slag is a reducing slag, and the molten steel slag is an oxidative slag, which fully utilizes the high reaction chemical activity of the two slags;
  • the invention not only realizes the iron reduction smelting reduction iron smelting in the mixed slag, but also realizes the large-scale treatment of the solid iron-containing material by smelting reduction, which is a new smelting reduction ironmaking process;
  • the iron component and the phosphorus component in the slag migrate, accumulate in the metal iron and phosphorus-rich phase, and achieve aggregation and growth.
  • the silicon and calcium components in the mixed slag continue to migrate and become rich. It is concentrated in the silicon-rich calcium phase and grows up; the phosphorus component in the mixed slag migrates and is concentrated in the Ca 2 SiO 4 -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 phase, which is distributed in the silicon-rich calcium phase and other mineral phases.
  • the phase interface between the phases facilitates separation of the ore.
  • the heat preservation device equipped with slag is placed on the rotating platform to accelerate the accumulation, growth and settlement of the metal iron and phosphorus-rich phase, shorten the settlement time, improve the settlement effect, and improve the production efficiency;
  • Tailings recycling 1 as cement raw materials, building materials, instead of crushed stone as aggregate, road material or phosphate fertilizer; 2 using hydrometallurgy, ore dressing method or The beneficiation-hydrometallurgical combination method separates the phosphorus-containing components from the tailings. Tailings have large utilization value and wide application range;
  • the invention not only realizes efficient recovery of iron, silicon, calcium and phosphorus components in the mixed slag, but also realizes large-scale treatment of solid iron-containing materials by smelting reduction,
  • the production of molten iron, silicon-rich calcium phase and phosphorus-rich phase is a new process of smelting reduction ironmaking.
  • the invention fully utilizes the physical heat resource of the blast furnace slag and the molten steel slag and the hot metallurgical flux, and the reducing property of the blast furnace slag and the oxidizing property of the molten steel slag, and is added to the mixed slag of the blast furnace slag and the molten steel slag by adding reduction
  • the agent and the iron-containing material are heated to a molten state, and the oxidizing gas is sprayed to perform smelting reduction iron-making, thereby realizing the smelting reduction iron-making of the bulk iron-containing material, separating the slag-gold, obtaining the molten iron and the slag, and separating the slag.
  • the iron component and the phosphorus component in the slag migrate, accumulate in the metal iron and phosphorus-rich phase, and achieve aggregation, growth and sedimentation, and the silicon calcium component migrates and is enriched in the silicon-rich calcium phase to achieve growth.
  • the high-efficiency separation and recovery of iron component, silicon calcium component and phosphorus component in the mixed slag can be realized; the slag can be directly processed to produce cement clinker, cement conditioner, cement additive, and can process solid materials while achieving smelting and tempering Processing, a wider range of applications, to achieve efficient and comprehensive use of resources.
  • the method has the advantages of short reaction time, high metal recovery rate, low production cost, strong adaptability of raw materials, large processing capacity, environmental friendliness and high economic benefit, and can effectively solve the efficient recovery of metallurgical resources and thermal energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for smelting reduction and production and tempering of a mixed slag according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 The process flow chart used in the embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1 .
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain mixed slag, and added to the heat preservation slag tank containing the graphite-dolomite composite heat preservation refractory material. Then, the pulverized coal and the ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellets are added to obtain the reaction mixed slag, and the pulverized coal having a preheating temperature of 1200 ° C is sprayed, heated to a molten state, and smelted and reduced to ensure (a) in the reaction device. (b) Two parameters:
  • the mixed reaction slag basicity CaO / SiO 2 was 2.7, silica was added, and the alkalinity CaO / SiO 2 was adjusted to 0.6;
  • the preheated fuel and air are sprayed into the reaction mixture slag; wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 30 ° C, and the preheating temperature of the fuel is 200 ° C; the injection mode of the fuel and air is a refractory spray gun insertion reaction Mixed slag is blown in; during the blowing process, both parameters (a) and (b) are guaranteed by regulation:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture slag is between 1350 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture slag is 1390 to 1397 ° C, which is within the set range;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 0.6 to 0.7, which is within the set range;
  • Cooling mixing the reduced reaction slag, and rotating to room temperature to obtain a slow cooling slag; wherein, the rotary cooling is to place the heat insulating device equipped with the mixed slag on the rotating platform, and the rotating speed of the rotating platform Depending on the quality of the slag and the height or depth of the insulation device, the rotation time depends on the quality of the slag and the solidification of the slag;
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 95%;
  • the slag is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment to obtain tailings, and the TFe content in the tailings is 0.408%;
  • the phosphorus-rich phase separates the phosphorus-containing components by the beneficiation-hydrometallurgical combination method; the P 2 O 5 content in the phosphorus-rich phase is 18%, and after the re-election, the 2% by weight is used.
  • Dilute hydrochloric acid wherein the solid-liquid ratio of the re-selected phosphorus-rich phase and dilute hydrochloric acid is 1:2 (g:L), and P 2 O 5 is separated, and the recovery rate is 60%.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain a mixed slag, which is added into a converter having a carbon-magnesium composite heat insulating refractory material, and then Adding bituminous coal and ordinary iron concentrate to directly reduce iron, obtaining reaction mixed slag, spraying coal powder with preheating temperature of 800 °C, heating to molten state, performing smelting reduction, and ensuring two (a) and (b) through regulation parameter:
  • the mixed reaction slag basicity CaO / SiO 2 after mixing is 1.8 ⁇ 1.9, within the set range;
  • the preheated oxygen is sprayed; wherein the preheating temperature of the oxygen is 800 ° C; the oxygen is sprayed by the refractory spray gun inserted into the reaction mixture slag; during the blowing process, Regulation also guarantees two parameters (a) and (b):
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is raised to 1613-1617 ° C, and 2 kg of ordinary iron concentrate pellets at normal temperature is added, and after the blowing gas is finished, the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is 1590-1600 ° C;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 1.9 to 2.0, which is within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to the method of treating the slag outside the furnace, and the method E is used, and the slag after the reduction is poured into the slag pot containing the graphite-semi-silica composite heat-insulating refractory material, and the slag temperature is 1540. °C;
  • the method of treating the molten slag after the reduction and performing the slag treatment outside the furnace is as follows:
  • Step one and then mixing the slag to reduce the ironmaking:
  • Injecting gas the refractory spray gun is inserted into the reduced slag, and preheated air is sprayed into the slag after reduction in the slag pot.
  • the air is sprayed by means of a refractory spray gun.
  • the side of the slag is blown in, wherein the preheating temperature of the air
  • the degree is 1200 ° C; the air injection time and flow rate is 90 L / (min ⁇ kg);
  • the temperature of the reduced slag is between 1350 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reduced slag is 1570 to 1580 ° C, within the set range;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reduced slag is 2.0 to 2.1, within the set range;
  • Cooling the slag after secondary reduction is cooled to room temperature to obtain a slow cooling slag
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 94%;
  • the slag is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment to obtain tailings, and the TFe content in the tailings is 0.526%;
  • the P 2 O 5 content in the phosphorus-rich phase is 25%, which is used as a phosphate fertilizer.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain a mixed slag, which is added into a converter containing the asphalt-spinus composite refractory material, and then Adding pulverized coal and ordinary iron concentrate containing carbon pre-reduction pellets, obtaining reaction mixed slag, spraying coal powder with preheating temperature of 100 ° C, heating to molten state, performing smelting reduction, and ensuring (a) and b) Two parameters:
  • the mixed reaction slag after mixing the temperature is 1583 ° C, within the set range;
  • the mixed slag basicity CaO/SiO 2 is 0.4-0.5 ⁇ 0.6, and the quicklime powder is added, and the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is adjusted to 1.2;
  • the preheated air is sprayed; the preheating temperature of the air is 30 ° C; the air is blown by using a refractory spray gun placed above the reaction mixture slag; during the blowing process, through the regulation
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 1.5 to 1.6, which is within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the method of treating the slag after reduction and treating the slag outside the furnace adopts Method A, and the treatment method is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is directly water quenched and used as a cement clinker.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the blast furnace slag discharge port, the converter steelmaking molten steel slag obtained from the steel slag slag discharge port, and the electric furnace steelmaking molten oxidized steel slag obtained from the steel slag discharge port are mixed to obtain mixed slag, and the added bituminous coal is added.
  • coke powder and ordinary iron concentrate carbon pre-reduction pellets are added to obtain reaction mixed slag, which is sprayed into pulverized coal with a preheating temperature of 1200 ° C, and heated to a molten state.
  • the smelting reduction is carried out, and two parameters (a) and (b) are guaranteed by regulation:
  • the mixed slag basicity CaO/SiO 2 after mixing is 2.4, within the set range;
  • the premixed air is sprayed into the reaction mixed slag; the preheating temperature of the air is 300 ° C; the air blowing method is A refractory spray gun is placed on the side of the reaction mixing slag; during the blowing process, two parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture slag is 1476 to 1482 ° C, which is within the set range;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixture slag is 2.4 to 2.5, which is within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to the method of treating the slag outside the furnace, and the method B is adopted, and the treatment method is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is poured into a plasma furnace containing a graphite-clay composite heat-insulating refractory material, and preheated oxygen is blown into the reduced slag, and the preheating temperature of the oxygen is 600 ° C, and the blowing is finished.
  • slag Fe 2 O 3 oxide slag was 3.78wt% ⁇ 2wt%, slag obtained after oxidation;
  • the slag temperature in the slag tank is 1420 ° C, after the plasma itself is heated, the slag temperature in the slag tank is 1450 ° C;
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag of the electric furnace obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain a mixed slag, which is added into a converter having an anthracite-silicon composite heat-insulating refractory material, and then added.
  • the coke powder and the ordinary iron ore sinter are obtained, and the reaction mixed slag is obtained, and the fuel-pulverized coal having a preheating temperature of 500 ° C is sprayed, heated to a molten state, and smelted and reduced, and two (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation.
  • the mixed slag basicity CaO/SiO 2 after mixing is 2.4, within the set range;
  • the preheated air is sprayed; the preheating temperature of the air is 25 ° C; the air blowing method is placed in the upper part of the reaction mixed slag by using a refractory spray gun; At the same time guarantee two parameters (a) and (b):
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture slag rises to 1606 ⁇ 1611 °C, and 10 kg of blast furnace soot powder material with an average particle size of 150 ⁇ m is added by means of a refractory spray gun.
  • the loading gas is nitrogen, and the blowing gas is regulated.
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is 1580 ⁇ 1590 ° C;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 1.5 to 1.6, which is within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to the method of treating the slag outside the furnace, and the method D is adopted, and the treatment method is as follows:
  • the slag after all reduction is returned to the converter for reacting the mixed slag, and as a hot metallurgical flux, the composition of the mixed slag is adjusted to control the alkalinity, temperature and viscosity of the mixed slag.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the blast furnace slag outlet and the electric furnace steelmaking molten oxidized steel slag obtained from the steel slag slag outlet are mixed to obtain mixed slag, and added to the smelting reaction slag tank containing the carbon-silicon composite heat insulating refractory material. Then, the coal powder and the ordinary iron concentrate are added to obtain the reaction mixed slag, and the fuel-pulverized coal having a preheating temperature of 0 ° C is sprayed, heated to a molten state, and two parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • reaction mixture of slag basicity CaO / SiO 2 is 0.55, was added to the dolomite 5kg smelting slag pot reaction, after regulation, the reaction mixture slag basicity CaO / SiO 2 is 2.1;
  • the preheated oxygen is sprayed, and the preheating temperature of the oxygen is 1100 ° C; the oxygen is sprayed by the refractory spray gun inserted into the reaction mixture slag; in the process of spraying, through the regulation Guarantee two parameters (a) and (b):
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is 1546-1550 ° C, which is within the set range;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 2.1 to 2.2, which is within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the method of treating the slag after the reduction and the slag treatment outside the furnace adopts the method C, and the treatment method is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is poured into a thermal insulation slag tank with metallurgical coke-cold steel slag composite thermal insulation refractory.
  • the temperature of the slag after reduction is 1440 ° C, and the electric furnace is used to smelt and reduce steel slag, lime and fly ash. , thoroughly mixed to obtain a reduced slag mixture;
  • the slag mixture material temperature is 1440 ° C, sprayed into the preheated fuel - pulverized coal, combustion exothermic, replenishing heat, the temperature after regulation is 1460 ° C, and the temperature is ⁇ 1450 ° C;
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag of the electric furnace obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain mixed slag, and the submerged furnace containing the graphite-cold blast furnace slag composite thermal insulation refractory material is added.
  • pulverized coal and fly ash are added to obtain a reaction mixed slag, which is heated to a molten state by a submerged arc furnace to undergo smelting reduction, and two parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the mixed reaction slag after mixing the temperature is 1450 ° C, within the set range;
  • the mixed reaction slag basicity CaO/SiO 2 after mixing is 1.0, which is within the set range;
  • a preheated oxygen-nitrogen gas mixture is sprayed, and the preheating temperature of the oxygen-nitrogen gas mixture is 500 ° C; in the mixed gas, the volume ratio of oxygen to nitrogen gas is 1:2, oxygen-nitrogen gas
  • the mixing method of the mixed gas is to put the refractory spray gun on the side of the reaction mixed slag; in the process of blowing, both parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture slag is 1490 to 1498 ° C, which is within the set range;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 0.9 to 1.0, within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the method of treating the slag after reduction and treating the slag outside the furnace adopts Method A, and the treatment method is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is directly water quenched and used as slag cement.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain a mixed slag, which is added into a DC arc furnace with a carbon-silicon composite heat-insulating refractory material, and then The pulverized coal and the ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellets are added to obtain the reaction mixed slag, which is heated to a molten state by a DC arc furnace, and is subjected to smelting reduction, and two parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the mixed reaction slag basicity CaO/SiO 2 after mixing is 1.8, within the set range;
  • the preheated oxygen is sprayed, and the preheating temperature of the oxygen is 900 ° C; the oxygen is sprayed by the refractory spray gun inserted into the reaction mixture slag; in the process of spraying, through the regulation Guarantee two parameters (a) and (b):
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture slag rises to 1611-1615 °C, and 8 kg of converter dusty material with an average particle size of 140 ⁇ m is added by means of a refractory spray gun, and the gas is loaded into air to regulate the blowing gas. After the end, the temperature of the reaction mixture slag is 1580 ⁇ 1589 ° C;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 1.7 to 1.8, which is within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to the method of treating the slag outside the furnace, and the method E is adopted, and the treatment method is as follows:
  • Step one and then mixing the slag to reduce the ironmaking:
  • Injecting gas pour the slag outside the furnace into a thermal insulation pit containing lignite-high alumina refractory insulation material at a temperature of 1540 to 1545 ° C, and spray preheated fuel and air thereto; The air is blown by means of a refractory spray gun The side of the reaction mixture slag is blown; wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 30 ° C, the preheating temperature of the fuel is 0 ° C; the blowing time and flow rate of the air is 1 L / (min ⁇ kg);
  • the temperature of the reduced slag is between 1350 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the slag outside the furnace is 1596-1600 ° C, which is within the set range;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 2.5 to 2.6, which is within the set range;
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 97%;
  • the slag is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment to obtain tailings, and the TFe content in the tailings is 0.458%;
  • the phosphorus-rich phase separates the phosphorus-containing component by hydrometallurgical method; the P 2 O 5 content in the phosphorus-rich phase is 30%, and 2wt% dilute sulfuric acid is used, wherein the phosphorus-rich phase is re-selected.
  • the solid-liquid ratio of dilute sulfuric acid was 1:2 (g:L), and P 2 O 5 was separated, and the recovery was 83%.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain a mixed slag, which is added into an induction furnace containing a graphite-magnesium composite thermal insulation refractory material, and then added Pulverized coal and iron oxide skin, the reaction mixture slag is obtained, heated to a molten state by an induction furnace, smelting reduction, and two parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the mixed reaction slag after mixing the temperature is 1526 ° C, within the set range;
  • the mixed reaction slag basicity CaO/SiO 2 after mixing is 1.9, within the set range;
  • preheated oxygen-enriched air is sprayed, wherein the preheating temperature of the oxygen-enriched air is 25 ° C; in the oxygen-enriched air, the volume ratio of oxygen to the oxygen-enriched air is 30%, and the oxygen-enriched air Inserting the reaction mixture slag into the refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture slag rises to 1559 to 1563 ° C, within the set range;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 1.9 to 2.0, which is within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to the method of treating the slag outside the furnace, and the method B is adopted, and the treatment method is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is poured into a smelting reaction slag tank containing graphite-cold blast furnace composite heat-insulating refractory material at a temperature of 1512 ° C, and a preheated oxygen is blown into the reduced slag by a refractory spray gun.
  • oxygen preheating temperature is 30 °C, after blowing, the slag Fe 2 O 3 was 2.94wt%> 2wt%, complete oxidation of the slag, slag obtained after oxidation;
  • the slag temperature in the slag tank is 1520 ° C, within the set range;
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain mixed slag, and added to a plasma furnace containing graphite-dolomite composite heat preservation refractory material, and then The pulverized coal and the iron oxide scale are added to obtain the reaction mixed slag, which is heated to a molten state by a plasma furnace to perform smelting reduction, and two parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the mixed reaction mixture slag has a temperature of 1456 ° C and is within the set range;
  • the premixed air-argon mixture is sprayed into the reaction mixture slag; wherein the preheating temperature of the air-argon mixture is 25 ° C, wherein the volume ratio of air to argon is 3:2
  • the air-argon mixture is blown by using a refractory spray gun to insert the reaction mixture slag;
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture slag rises to 1490-1500 ° C, within the set range;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 2.0 to 2.1, which is within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to the method of treating the slag outside the furnace, and the method C is used. At this time, the recovery rate of the metal iron of the mixed slag is 90%;
  • the method of treating the molten slag after the reduction and performing the slag treatment outside the furnace is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is poured into a submerged arc furnace with graphite-dolomite composite thermal insulation refractory.
  • the temperature of the slag after reduction is 1440 ° C, and the molten iron slag, molten converter steel slag and bauxite are added to the electric furnace. , alkaline iron ore, blast furnace slag, fully mixed to obtain a mixture of reduced slag;
  • the slag mixture material temperature is 1440 ° C, heated by the submerged arc furnace, the temperature after the regulation is 1470 ° C, and the temperature is ⁇ 1450 ° C;
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag smelting port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain mixed slag, and added into a converter containing the asphalt-spinel composite refractory material.
  • the mixed reaction mixture is slag, the temperature is 1460 ° C, within the set range;
  • the mixed slag basicity CaO/SiO 2 is 0.5, and the quicklime powder is added, and the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is adjusted to 2.57;
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 2.57 to 2.6, which is within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to the method of treating the slag outside the furnace, and the method A is used. At this time, the recovery rate of the metallic iron of the mixed slag is 92%;
  • the method of treating the molten slag after the reduction and performing the slag treatment outside the furnace is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is directly water quenched and used as a glass-ceramic material.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag of the electric furnace obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain a mixed slag, which is added into a converter containing a graphite-clay composite refractory material, and then added.
  • Anthracite and ordinary iron concentrate contain carbon pre-reduction pellets, and the reaction mixture slag is obtained.
  • the coal powder with preheating temperature of 0 °C is sprayed, heated to a molten state, and smelted and reduced, and (a) and (b) are ensured through regulation.
  • the mixed reaction mixture is slag, the temperature is 1430 ° C, within the set range;
  • the mixed reaction slag basicity CaO/SiO 2 after mixing is 2.3, within the set range;
  • the preheating temperature of the oxygen-argon mixture is 0 ° C, wherein the volume ratio of oxygen to argon is 1:2; oxygen - the argon mixture is blown from the upper portion using a refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixture slag is 1470 to 1480 ° C, which is within the set range;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 2.3 to 2.4, which is within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to the method of treating the slag outside the furnace, and the method B is adopted, and the treatment method is as follows:
  • the reduced slag is poured into a thermal insulation slag tank containing bituminous coal-silicon composite heat-insulating refractory material, and preheated oxygen is blown into the reduced slag.
  • Fe 2 O in the slag 3 is 3.24wt%>2wt%, complete oxidation of the slag, and obtain oxidized slag;
  • the slag temperature in the slag tank is 1430 ° C, and after the pulverized coal is injected, the slag temperature in the slag tank is 1450 ° C;
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain a mixed slag, and an AC electric arc furnace containing a petroleum asphalt rubber-olivine composite thermal insulation refractory material is added.
  • the pulverized coal and the ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellets are added to obtain the reaction mixed slag, which is heated to a molten state by an alternating current arc furnace to be melted. Restore, guarantee two parameters (a) and (b) through regulation:
  • the mixed reaction slag after mixing the temperature is 1562 ° C, within the set range;
  • the mixed reaction slag basicity CaO/SiO 2 after mixing is 2.6, within the set range;
  • the premixed oxygen-enriched air is sprayed into the reaction mixed slag, and the preheating temperature of the oxygen-enriched air is 1200 ° C; the oxygen-enriched air is blown from the side of the reaction mixed slag by using a refractory spray gun; in the oxygen-enriched air, oxygen accounts for The volume ratio of oxygen-enriched air is 22%;
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag rises to 1618 ⁇ 1622 ° C, 20 kg of ordinary steel slag is added, after the end of the regulation, the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is 1546 ⁇ 1550 ° C;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 2.4 to 2.5, which is within the set range;
  • Method 2 (1) the reaction mixture after the reduction is mixed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by the slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the reduced slag is subjected to the method of treating the slag outside the furnace, and the method E is used, and the reduced slag is poured into a pourable slag pot containing petroleum pitch coke-clay, and the temperature is 1500 to 1509. °C, reprocessing;
  • the method of treating the molten slag after the reduction and performing the slag treatment outside the furnace is as follows:
  • Step one and then mixing the slag to reduce the ironmaking:
  • Injecting gas a refractory spray gun is placed on the upper part of the reduced slag, and the preheated air is sprayed into the reduced slag; wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 30 ° C; the air is blown Time and flow rate is 60L/(min ⁇ kg);
  • the temperature of the reduced slag is between 1350 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reduced slag is 1537 to 1542 ° C, which is within the set range;
  • the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 of the reduced slag is 2.7 to 2.8, which does not satisfy the requirement of alkalinity, and is added to the blast furnace slag as a hot solvent. After adjustment, the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 is 2.4 to 2.5;
  • the remaining iron oxide is not sufficiently reduced to metal iron, and the reducing property is insufficient.
  • the remaining iron oxide is reduced to metallic iron;
  • metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the metal ferrous layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation separates the remaining Metal iron, metal iron recovery rate of 97%;
  • the slag is subjected to quenching and tempering treatment to obtain tailings, and the TFe content in the tailings is 0.432%;
  • the phosphorus-rich phase separates the phosphorus-containing components by beneficiation; the recovery of the phosphorus component is 62%.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering of mixed slag is carried out according to the following steps:
  • the ordinary blast furnace slag obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace and the molten steel slag of the converter steel obtained from the slag discharge port of the steel slag are mixed to obtain a mixed slag, which is added into a converter having a pitch-spinus composite heat-insulating refractory material, and then Adding pulverized coal and ordinary iron concentrate containing carbon pre-reduction pellets, obtaining reaction mixed slag, spraying coal powder with preheating temperature of 300 ° C, heating to molten state, performing smelting reduction, and ensuring (a) and (b) through regulation ) two parameters:
  • the mixed slag basicity CaO/SiO 2 is 0.5, dolomite powder and lime powder are added, the mixing mass ratio of the two is 1:1, and the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 2.6. ;
  • the preheated air-argon mixture is sprayed, the preheating temperature of the air-argon mixture is 30 ° C, and the mixing ratio of air to argon is 3:2; air-argon
  • the blowing method of the gas mixture is blown into the reaction mixing slag by using a refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is between 1400 and 1600 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the temperature of the reaction mixed slag is raised to 1595-1600 ° C, within the set range;
  • the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the reaction mixed slag is 2.5 to 2.6, which is within the set range;
  • the mixed slag is formed to form molten iron and the slag after reduction; (2) the slag after reduction is treated by slag outside the furnace; (3) the molten iron is sent to the converter for steelmaking;
  • the method for treating the slag after reduction and the slag treatment outside the furnace adopts Method A, and the method for post-treatment of slag is as follows:
  • the reduced slag casting is used as a cast stone material.

Abstract

一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，步骤为：1)向高炉熔渣和熔融钢渣的混合熔渣中，加入含铁物料、还原剂，加热至熔融状态，喷吹氧化性气体，熔融还原炼铁，可以处理大宗含铁物料；2)根据反应装置，分离回收混合熔渣中铁组分、硅钙组分和磷组分。熔融还原后，还原后的熔渣可以作为水泥添加剂、水泥调整剂、水泥熟料或生产高附加值的水泥熟料，实现资源高效综合利用。该方法用混合熔渣熔融还原生产生铁或钢、富磷相与调质处理，反应时间短、金属回收率高、生产成本低、原料适应性强、处理量大、环境友好、经济收益高，可有效解决冶金资源与热能高效回收利用问题。

Description

一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法 技术领域
本发明属于非高炉炼铁及资源综合利用领域，具体涉及一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法。
背景技术
当今世界，高炉炼铁生产空前发展，高炉规模在不断扩大，高炉生产消耗下降，成本降低，仍然是钢铁生产的主力军，然而，随着世界环境气候的改变及环保要求的加强，高炉炼铁生产遇到巨大挑战，具体情况如下：
(1)高炉从原料预处理、球团厂、烧结厂、焦化厂、高炉炼铁，生产流程长，总投资十分庞大；
(2)对冶金焦的强烈依赖。随着焦煤资源的日益贫乏，冶金焦的价格越来越高，而储量丰富的廉价焦煤资源却不能在炼铁生产上充分应用。烧结矿、球团矿及焦煤的生产带来了严重的环境污染，越来越严格的环保要求使高炉炼铁技术受到限制；
(3)传统高炉还原时间长，尽管采用强化熔炼技术，但依赖强化熔炼工艺继续提高生产率受到极大限制；
(4)熔剂加入量大；
(5)难以处理低品位矿、多金属含铁共生矿。
为了改变高炉炼铁面临的困境，形成了不同形式的非高炉炼铁，目前，形成了以直接还原和熔融还原为主体的现代化非高炉炼铁工业体系。
熔融还原法则以非焦煤为能源，在高温熔态下进行铁氧化物还原，渣铁能完全分离，其具有如下优点：(1)可以处理难选低品质铁矿、含铁复合矿、特殊矿，是资源综合利用的重要手段，原料资源选择范围广；(2)流程短，速度快，生产成本低，投资少；(3)环境污染小，更加清洁环保。
众所周知，我国是世界上钢铁产量最多的国家，2015年生铁产量超过7亿吨，粗钢产量超过9亿吨。炼铁、炼钢及铁合金生产是钢铁生产的重要工艺单元，生产过程中产生了高炉渣、钢渣、铁合金渣等钢铁冶金渣，是钢铁联合企业的第一固体废弃物，2015年，总量已经超过4亿吨。
高炉渣是高炉还原过程中产生的，不仅含有还原性物质，如焦炭、煤粉、碳素、碳粉等，而且含有较高含量CaO、SiO2等冶金熔剂，我国每年排放3亿吨吨以上高炉渣，每年带走大量的CaO、SiO2、焦炭、粉煤、碳素、碳粉等有价组分，因此，高炉渣是一种重要的二次资 源。由高炉放出的高炉熔渣温度在1300℃～1600℃，每年排放大量的物理热，因此，高炉熔渣也是重要的物理热资源。
高炉渣根据其处理方法有多种利用途径：(1)粒化高炉渣做水泥途径；(2)粒化高炉渣矿粉做水泥和混凝土掺合料；(3)粒化高炉渣做砖；(4)高炉渣做硅肥；(5)做矿渣棉、铸石、微晶玻璃材料。目前，高炉渣主要通过水淬粒化，制备水泥、混凝土、砖等，但耗大量水资源，产生腐蚀性热蒸汽、热量不能回收、水资源不能循环，大量热资源很难得到利用。
钢渣产生于炼钢过程，其金属铁含量为10％以上，铁氧化物含量为30％以上，并含有一定的自由氧化钙与五氧化二磷。我国每年排放1.5亿吨以上，每年带走1500万吨以上的金属铁，3000万吨以上的铁氧化物，还带走大量自由氧化钙、五氧化二磷、二氧化硅等有价组分，因此，钢渣是一种重要的二次资源。炼钢过程放出的熔融钢渣温度高于1550℃，每年排放大量的物理热，因此，熔融也是重要的物理热资源。
目前，钢渣主要采用水淬工艺、钢渣“闷罐”等处理工艺，磁选回收渣中金属铁，但回收率低，渣中剩余金属铁含量高达5％，该工艺仅考虑回收渣中金属铁，没有考虑回收渣中含量高达30％以上的铁氧化物。水淬工艺、钢渣“闷罐”处理工艺消耗大量水资源，产生腐蚀性热蒸汽、热量不能回收、水资源不能循环，大量热资源很难得到利用。
迄今为止，人们已开发出了许多有关钢渣综合利用的方法，主要包括返回烧结、返回高炉、返回转炉渣、建材、农用等方面。尽管钢渣可以通过上述方式进行利用，但还是受到许多限制：(1)自由CaO和MgO降低了钢渣体积的稳定；(2)较高含量的铁氧化物增加了磨矿的难度；(3)钢渣直接返回冶金流程中再利用时磷会逐渐富集到铁中，限制了钢渣的应用；(4)钢渣容易粉化；(5)其中氟和重金属有被雨水浸出污染环境的危险。目前，钢渣利用率仅有20％，造成钢渣大量堆积，既污染环境，又浪费资源。
高炉熔渣和熔融钢渣，蕴含着丰富的热能资源，含有大量的热态冶金熔剂，而且含有较高含量的铁、磷、钙等多种有价元素，是重要的二次资源。高炉熔渣为还原性熔渣，熔融钢渣为氧化性熔渣，化学反应活性强，都是物理化学性质优良的熔渣体系，是冶金熟料。同时，钢渣化学组成、矿物组成与水泥熟料极其相近，高炉熔渣化学组成与水泥熟料化学组成相近，而每年我国生产水泥熟料超过12亿吨，需要大量的石灰石、粘土等矿物资源与物理热资源，成本在2000亿以上，我国石灰石、粘土矿物资源仅仅还可开采50年。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题，本发明提供一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，该方法是一种用混合熔渣熔融还原生产生铁或钢、富磷相与混合熔渣调质处理的方法。该方法反应时间短、金属回收率高、生产成本低、原料适应性强、处理量大、环境友好、经济收 益高，是一种新的熔融还原炼铁工艺，可有效解决冶金资源与热能高效回收利用问题。
本发明的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，充分利用高炉熔渣和熔融钢渣的物理热资源和热态冶金熔剂，以及高炉熔渣的还原性和熔融钢渣的氧化性，通过向高炉熔渣和熔融钢渣的混合熔渣中，加入还原剂、含铁物料，加热至熔融状态，喷吹氧化性气体，进行熔融还原炼铁，反应得到的熔渣经处理，使夹杂生铁与继续被还原的金属铁聚集、长大与沉降，磷组分富集于富磷相，通过分离，获得金属铁或钢、富磷相，还原后的熔渣中铁氧化物、自由氧化钙与氧化镁消失，熔渣实现调质处理；熔融还原处理大宗含铁物料，实现大宗含铁物料熔融还原炼铁，渣-金分离，得到铁水与还原后的熔渣；还原后的熔渣可以作为水泥添加剂、水泥调整剂或直接作为水泥熟料，也可以添加其他组分生产高附加值的水泥熟料，实现资源高效综合利用，是一种新的熔融还原炼铁方法。
本发明的一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融：
将高炉熔渣、熔融钢渣形成的混合熔渣，加入保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，向混合熔渣中加入还原剂和含铁物料，得到反应混合熔渣，将反应混合熔渣，加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在设定温度范围内；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
设定温度范围为1350～1600℃；
当反应装置采用保温装置时，反应混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1350～1600℃；
当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时，反应混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1400～1600℃；
控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法为：
当反应混合熔渣的温度<设定温度范围下限时，通过反应装置自身的加热功能，或向反应混合熔渣中加入燃料和/或熔融钢渣，使反应混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内；
当反应混合熔渣的温度>设定温度范围上限时，向反应混合熔渣中加入固态含铁物料和/或高炉熔渣，进行降温，使反应混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内；
对应(b)：
当反应混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值＜0.6时，向反应混合熔渣中加入石灰粉、白云石粉 或生石灰粉中的一种或几种，使反应混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
当反应混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值＞2.6时，向反应混合熔渣中加入硅石，使反应混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的氧化性气体；其中氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围内；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
采用步骤1(1)中的控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法；
对应(b)：
采用步骤1(1)中的控制反应混合熔渣碱度的方法；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用以下方法中的一种：
方法一：当反应装置采用保温装置时，进行如下步骤：
(1)冷却：将还原后的反应混合熔渣，冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁；
(3)分离出金属铁后，熔渣实现调质处理，得到尾矿；
(4)尾矿的回收利用有2种：①作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用；②采用湿法冶金、选矿方法或选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来。
方法二：当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时，进行如下步骤：
(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；
(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；
(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，
还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法A、方法B、方法C、方法D、方法E中的一种：
方法A：还原后的熔渣空冷或水淬
还原后的熔渣直接空冷或水淬，用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂、水泥熟料、矿渣棉、铸石、微晶玻璃材料或建筑材料。
方法B：还原后的熔渣氧化后空冷或水淬
(1)还原后的熔渣倒入可倾倒的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，向还原后的熔渣中吹入预热的氧化性气体，当熔渣氧化铁含量≥2wt％，完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；
其中，整个过程中，要保证(c)熔渣温度≥1450℃；
对应(c)：
采用的控制方法为：
当温度低于＜1450℃，喷入预热燃料，燃烧放热，补充热量，或装置自身加热，使熔渣温度≥1450℃；
(2)氧化后的熔渣直接空冷或水淬，用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂或水泥熟料。
方法C：还原后的熔渣处理生产高附加值的水泥熟料
(1)还原后的熔渣倒入可倾倒的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，加入熔融转炉钢渣、电炉熔融还原钢渣、电炉熔融氧化钢渣、石灰、粉煤灰、碱性铁贫矿、铝土矿、高炉熔渣中的一种或几种，充分混合，获得还原后的熔渣混合物料；
(2)向还原后的熔渣混合物料中吹入预热的氧化性气体，当熔渣混合物料氧化铁含量≥2wt％，完成熔渣混合物料的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣混合物料，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；
其中，整个过程中，要保证(d)熔渣混合物料温度≥1450℃；
对应(d)，
采用的控制方法为：
当温度低于＜1450℃，喷入预热燃料，燃烧放热，补充热量，或装置自身加热，使熔渣混合物料温度在≥1450℃；
(3)氧化后的熔渣混合物料，进行空冷或水淬，制得高附加值的水泥熟料。
方法D：部分或全部还原后的熔渣返回到混合熔渣
部分或全部还原后的熔渣返回到混合熔渣，作为热态冶金熔剂，调整混合熔渣成分，控制混合熔渣碱度、温度或粘度。
方法E：还原后的熔渣再处理
还原后的熔渣倒入保温装置，进行再处理：
步骤一，再混合熔渣熔融还原炼铁：
(1)喷吹气体：向保温装置内还原后的熔渣中喷入预热的氧化性气体，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；氧化性气体的喷吹时间与流量的关系为1～90L/(min·kg)；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(e)、(f)和(g)三个参数：
(e)还原后的熔渣的温度在1350～1600℃；
(f)还原后的熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
(g)还原后的熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
调控方法为：
对应(e)的调控方法：采用步骤1中的对应(a)的调控方法调节；
对应(f)的调控方法：
当碱度不在设定范围内时，通过向还原后的熔渣中添加热态溶剂，使碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；其中，热态溶剂为高炉熔渣和/或熔融钢渣；
对应(g)：
当混合熔渣中还原性不足时，向混合熔渣中加入还原剂，使混合熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁。
步骤二，再分离和利用：
采用步骤2中的方法一或方法二中的方法A或方法D中的一种，进行处理。
所述步骤1(1)中，高炉熔渣的温度≥1300℃，从高炉出渣口获得；熔融钢渣的温度≥1500℃，从钢渣出渣口获得。
所述步骤1(1)中，所述的高炉熔渣为普通高炉熔渣，含有TiO2的质量分数≤4％。
所述步骤1(1)中，所述的熔融钢渣为转炉炼钢熔融钢渣和/或电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣。
所述步骤1(1)中，所述的含铁物料为含铁物料是普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿烧结矿、普通铁精矿球团矿、普通铁精矿金属化球团、普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团、普通铁精矿直接还原铁、普通钢渣、高炉瓦斯灰、高炉烟尘、转炉烟尘、氧化铁皮、湿法炼锌过程的锌浸出渣、氧化铝生产过程产生的赤泥、粉煤灰、铜渣、硫酸烧渣中的一种或几种。
所述步骤1(1)中，所述的还原剂是煤粉、焦粉、烟煤、无烟煤中的一种。
所述步骤1(1)中，所述的燃料是煤粉。
所述步骤1中，反应混合熔渣在物料混合熔融与喷吹氧化性气体过程中，反应混合熔渣中的铁氧化物持续发生熔融还原反应，高价铁(Fe3+，Fe2+)被还原为低价铁(Fe与Fe2+)。
所述的保温装置为可倾倒的保温装置和不可倾倒的保温装置；所述的不可倾倒的保温装 置为保温地坑，其加热方法为加入燃料；所述的可倾倒的保温装置为保温渣罐，其加热方法为加入燃料。
所述的可倾倒的熔炼反应装置为可倾倒的转炉、可倾倒的熔炼反应渣罐或感应炉。
所述的固定式的熔炼反应装置为底部带有渣口或铁口的反应装置；所述的固定式的熔炼反应装置为等离子炉、直流电弧炉、交流电弧炉、矿热炉、鼓风炉或反射炉。
所述步骤1(1)中，所述的反应装置内层有含碳保温脱模耐火材料；所述的含碳保温脱模耐火材料是含碳复合耐火材料；碳是碳素、石墨、石油沥青焦、冶金焦、沥青、无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤中的一种或几种，耐火材料是硅质、半硅质、粘土质、高铝质、镁质、白云石质、橄榄石质、尖晶石质、冷态高炉渣、冷态钢渣中的一种或几种；含碳保温脱模耐火材料的作用有两个：1)保护保温装置，提高其寿命；2)使冷却好的缓冷渣易于从保温装置中脱除；
所述的控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，向混合物料中加入燃料和熔融钢渣时，燃料和熔融钢渣为任意比。
所述的控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的燃料的预热温度为0～1200℃，熔融钢渣的温度为≥1500℃。
所述的控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，燃料和氧化性气体从喷枪枪口喷入反应混合熔渣；所述的喷枪采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣或置于混合熔渣上部或侧面喷入燃料。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，向混合熔渣中加入燃料的同时要加入氧化性气体，燃料和氧化性气体从喷枪枪口喷入混合熔渣。
所述的控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的燃料是煤粉。
所述的控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，向混合熔渣中加入固态含铁物料和高炉熔渣时，固态含铁物料和高炉熔渣为任意比。
所述的控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的固态含铁物料为普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿烧结矿、普通铁精矿球团矿、普通铁精矿金属化球团、普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团、普通铁精矿直接还原铁、普通钢渣、高炉瓦斯灰、高炉烟尘、转炉烟尘、氧化铁皮、湿法炼锌过程的锌浸出渣、氧化铝生产过程产生的赤泥、粉煤灰、铜渣、硫酸烧渣中的一种或几种。
所述的控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的固态含铁物料是粉状物料或球状物料，其中，粉状物料的粒度是≤150μm；粉状物料以喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣，载入气体为空气、氮气、氩气、氮气-空气混合气、氮气-氧气混合气或空气-氩气混合气；所述的喷吹方式采用耐火喷枪以喷吹的方式加入反应熔渣。
所述的控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的加入固态含铁物料和/或高炉熔渣，目的是避免温度过高，保护含碳保温脱模耐火材料，抑制高炉熔渣中生铁、熔融钢渣中粒铁及被还原的金属铁的氧化，提高金属铁的回收率。
所述的控制反应混合熔渣的碱度比值，向反应混合熔渣中加入石灰粉、白云石粉或生石灰粉中的两种或三种混合物时，为任意比。
所述的氧化性气体为空气、氧气、富氧空气、氧气-氮气混合气、空气-氮气混合气、氧气-氩气混合气、空气-氩气混合气中的一种或几种；所述氧化性气体的预热温度因气体不同而异。
所述步骤1(2)中，采用耐火喷枪向混合熔渣中喷吹氧化性气体，采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣或置于混合熔渣上部或侧面喷入氧化性气体。
所述步骤1(2)中，氧化性气体的喷吹时间与流量依熔渣质量、温度及还原氧化程度确定。
所述步骤1(2)混合熔渣熔融还原炼铁过程中，喷吹氧化性气体，控制混合熔渣氧势，不仅使高炉熔渣中生铁与熔融钢渣中粒铁，聚集、长大与沉降，熔融钢渣中铁氧化物(FeO、Fe2O3)充分还原为金属铁，实现聚集、长大与沉降，而且实现大宗含铁物料熔融还原炼铁，是一种新的熔融还原炼铁工艺。
所述步骤1(2)中，喷吹气体结束后，获得还原后的混合熔渣，其中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
所述步骤2，方法一(1)中，冷却过程中，混合熔渣中硅与钙组分继续迁移、富集于富硅钙相，并实现长大，金属铁水继续聚集、长大与沉降，并实现长大与沉降，磷组分迁移、富集于Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2相，分布于富硅钙相与其它矿物相的两相之间的相界面，有利于富硅钙相的矿物解离，利于选矿分离；
所述步骤2，方法一(1)中，所述的冷却为自然冷却或旋转冷却。
所述步骤2，方法一(1)中，所述的旋转冷却，将装有混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上，旋转平台的旋转速度依熔渣质量与保温装置高度或深度而定，旋转时间依熔渣质量与熔渣凝固情况而定；将装有熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上旋转，目的是加速金属铁、硅钙组分、富磷相的聚集、长大与沉降，缩短沉降时间，改善沉降效果，提高生产效率，实现熔渣调质处理；
所述步骤2，方法一(1)中，由于密度不同与矿物大小不同，大部分金属铁沉降于底部。
所述步骤2，方法一(2)中，所述的混合熔渣的金属铁回收率为90～95％。
所述步骤2，方法一(3)中，所述的熔渣调质处理是自由氧化钙与自由氧化镁消失，金属 铁与铁氧化物几乎消失，可磨性增加；
所述步骤2，方法一(4)中，所述的湿法冶金是稀酸浸出法，其中稀酸浸出法是无机酸浸、有机酸浸中的一种；所述的无机酸选用硫酸、盐酸、磷酸的一种或几种任意比例混合，有机酸选用草酸、乙酸、柠檬酸中的一种或几种任意比例混合。
所述步骤2，方法二的方法E再分离和利用采用方法一时，金属铁的回收率为95～97％。
所述步骤2，方法二中，所述的燃料是煤粉，燃料的预热温度为0～1200℃。
所述步骤2，方法二的方法E中，所述的还原剂是煤粉、焦粉、烟煤、无烟煤中的一种。
所述的反应混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，调质过程是从原料混合开始直至分离回收过程一直在持续发生，熔渣中的自由氧化钙和自由氧化镁消失，铁氧化物与金属铁几乎消失，熔渣实现调质。
本发明的一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，与现有技术相比，本发明的特点是：
(1)本发明充分利用了向高炉熔渣与熔融钢渣的混合熔渣中，加入还原剂、含铁物料，加热至熔融状态，喷吹氧化性气体，熔融还原处理大宗固态含铁物料，不仅实现了混合熔渣中铁氧化物的熔融还原炼铁，而且实现了大宗固态含铁物料的熔融还原炼铁，控制氧势，铁氧化物得到充分还原为金属铁，渣-金分离，得到铁水与熔渣；
(2)经熔渣处理，熔融钢渣中夹杂的生铁及继续被还原的金属铁开始聚集、长大，当接近一定尺寸后，开始沉降，大部分沉降到熔渣底部，形成整块铁锭；自然冷却过程中，熔渣中铁组分富集于金属铁，磷组分迁移、富集于富磷相，并实现聚集、长大，混合熔渣中硅与钙组分继续迁移、富集于富硅钙相，并实现长大；混合熔渣中磷组分迁移、富集于Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2相，分布于富硅钙相与其它矿物相的两相之间的相界面，利于选矿分离。装有混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上旋转，加速金属铁、富磷相的聚集、长大与沉降，缩短沉降时间，改善沉降效果，提高生产效率；
(3)采用人工分拣、磁选结合的方法，分离沉降在底部的金属铁、富磷相，实现混合熔渣中铁组分、硅钙组分、磷组分的高效回收；由于金属铁、富磷相沉降在底部，因此，需分选炉渣量小，磨矿、磁选成本低；分离过程采用物理选矿(磁选)，分离的介质为水，水在选矿过程中可以循环，因而分离过程中不会产生环境污染，使得整个混合熔渣工艺具有流程短、操作简单、铁、硅、磷、钙回收率高、无废水产生，具有高效、清洁、环保的特点；尾矿可作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料和路材、磷肥、采用湿法冶金方法将含磷组分分离出来，尾矿利用价值大，应用范围广；
(4)熔渣实现调质后，水硬性矿物C2S增加，可直接用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生 产中的添加剂，进一步通过加入熔融转炉钢渣、电炉熔融还原钢渣、电炉熔融氧化钢渣、石灰、粉煤灰、碱性铁贫矿、铝土矿、粘土、熔融高炉熔渣中的一种或几种，调整碱度，喷入氧化性气体，调整氧化铁含量，使其更接近于所需的水泥熟料组成，具有高的A矿，水硬性胶粘矿物增加，胶粘性增加，水泥的早期强度增加，可以直接作为水泥熟料。
(5)该方法可以连续或间断进行，满足了工业生产的实际需要。
(6)本发明不仅实现了混合熔渣中铁、硅、钙、磷组分的高效回收，而且实现了利用熔融还原大规模处理固态含铁物料，生产铁水、富硅钙相与富磷相，是一种新的熔融还原炼铁工艺。
本发明的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，与现有技术相比，其有益效果是：
(1)含碳保温脱模耐火材料不仅保护了保温装置，而且使冷却后的缓冷渣易于从保温装置中脱除；
(2)本发明的原料是出渣口中流出的液态熔融高炉熔渣(≥1300℃)和熔融钢渣(≥1500℃)，蕴含着丰富的热能资源，具有高温度、高热量的特点，充分利用了熔渣物理热资源，高效节约能源；液态熔融高炉熔渣与熔融钢渣含有大量的热态冶金熔剂，都是物理化学性质优良的熔渣体系，实现了冶金资源与热资源的高效利用；熔融高炉熔渣为还原性熔渣，熔融钢渣为氧化性熔渣，充分利用了两种熔渣高反应化学活性；
(3)本发明不仅实现了混合熔渣中铁氧化物熔融还原炼铁，而且实现了利用熔融还原大规模处理固态含铁物料，是一种新的熔融还原炼铁工艺；
(4)加入固态含铁物料与热熔融高炉熔渣避免了熔渣温度过高，保护含碳保温脱模耐火材料，提高保温装置的寿命；抑制熔渣中粒铁及被还原的金属铁的氧化，提高金属铁的回收率；加入固态含铁物料与热熔融高炉熔渣提高了原料处理量，不仅可以处理液态熔渣，而且可以处理少量固态含铁物料，原料适应性强；加入固态含铁物料实现了熔渣氧化反应释放的化学热与熔渣物理热的高效利用；
(5)自然冷却过程中，熔渣中铁组分与磷组分分别迁移、富集于金属铁、富磷相，并实现聚集、长大，混合熔渣中硅与钙组分继续迁移、富集于富硅钙相，并实现长大；混合熔渣中磷组分迁移、富集于Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2相，分布于富硅钙相与其它矿物相的两相之间的相界面，利于选矿分离。装有熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上旋转，加速金属铁、富磷相的聚集、长大与沉降，缩短沉降时间，改善沉降效果，提高生产效率；
(6)自由氧化钙与自由氧化镁消失，金属铁与铁氧化物几乎消失，熔渣中自由氧化钙与氧化镁消失，熔渣实现调质，矿物可磨性增加，熔渣实现调质，尾矿的回收利用有2种：①作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用；②采用湿法冶金、选矿方法或 选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来。尾矿利用价值大，应用范围广；
(7)熔渣实现调质后，水硬性矿物C2S增加，可直接用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂，进一步通过加入熔融转炉钢渣、电炉熔融还原钢渣、电炉熔融氧化钢渣、石灰、粉煤灰、碱性铁贫矿、铝土矿、熔融高炉渣、粘土一种或几种混合，调整碱度，喷入氧化性气体，调整氧化铁含量，生成铁酸盐，使其更接近于所需的水泥熟料组成，具有高的A矿，水硬性胶粘矿物增加，胶粘性增加，水泥的早期强度增加，可以直接作为水泥熟料；
(8)热消耗小，成本低，可操作性强；本发明不仅实现了混合熔渣中铁、硅、钙、磷组分的高效回收，而且实现了利用熔融还原大规模处理固态含铁物料，生产铁水、富硅钙相与富磷相，是一种新的熔融还原炼铁工艺。本发明充分利用高炉熔渣和熔融钢渣的物理热资源和热态冶金熔剂，以及高炉熔渣的还原性和熔融钢渣的氧化性，通过向高炉熔渣和熔融钢渣的混合熔渣中，加入还原剂、含铁物料，加热至熔融状态，喷吹氧化性气体，进行熔融还原炼铁，实现了大宗含铁物料熔融还原炼铁，渣-金分离，获得铁水与熔渣，熔渣分离过程中，熔渣中铁组分、磷组分分别迁移、富集于金属铁、富磷相，并实现聚集、长大与沉降，硅钙组分迁移、富集于富硅钙相，实现长大，实现混合熔渣中铁组分、硅钙组分、磷组分的高效分离回收；熔渣可直接处理生产水泥熟料、水泥调整剂、水泥添加剂，而且可以处理固态物料，同时实现熔渣调质处理，应用范围更广，达到资源高效综合利用。该方法反应时间短、金属回收率高、生产成本低、原料适应性强、处理量大、环境友好、经济收益高、可有效解决冶金资源与热能高效回。
附图说明
图1为本发明的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
本发明实施例，采用的工艺流程图如图1所示。
实施例1
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融
将从高炉出渣口获得的的普通高炉熔渣和从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣混合，得到混合熔渣，加入内有石墨-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐中，再加入煤粉和普通铁精矿金属化球团，得到反应混合熔渣，喷入预热温度为1200℃的煤粉，加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，保证反应装置中(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1350～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1350℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为2.7，加入硅石，碱度CaO/SiO2调控为0.6；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的燃料与空气；其中，空气的预热温度为30℃，燃料的预热温度为200℃；燃料与空气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入反应混合熔渣吹入；在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1350～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：喷吹气体结束后，反应混合熔渣的温度为1390～1397℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～0.7，在设定范围内；
(3)当反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法一：
(1)冷却：将还原后的反应混合熔渣，旋转冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；其中，旋转冷却，是将装有混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上，旋转平台的旋转速度依熔渣质量与保温装置高度或深度而定，旋转时间依熔渣质量与熔渣凝固情况而定；
(2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁的回收率为95％；
(3)分离出金属铁后，熔渣实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.408％；
(4)尾矿的回收利用为建筑材料；
(5)尾矿中，富磷相采用选矿-湿法冶金联合法将含磷组分分离出来；富磷相中P2O5含量为18％，采用重选粗选后，在采用2wt％稀盐酸，其中，重选富磷相和稀盐酸的固液比为1∶2(g∶L)，将P2O5分离出来，回收率为60％。
实施例2
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融
将从高炉出渣口获得的的普通高炉熔渣和从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣混合，获得混合熔渣，加入内有碳素-镁质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，再加入烟煤和普通铁精矿直接还原铁，得到反应混合熔渣，喷入预热温度为800℃的煤粉，加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1570℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为1.8～1.9，在设定范围内；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的氧气；其中，氧气的预热温度为800℃；氧气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入反应混合熔渣吹入；在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
喷吹气体过程中，反应混合熔渣的温度升温至1613～1617℃，加入常温的普通铁精矿球团矿2kg，喷吹气体结束后，反应混合熔渣的温度为1590～1600℃；
对应(b)：反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝1.9～2.0，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法E，还原后的熔渣倒入内有石墨-半硅质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐中，熔渣温度为1540℃；
还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法如下：
步骤一，再混合熔渣熔融还原炼铁：
(1)喷吹气体：将耐火喷枪插入还原后的熔渣中，向保温渣罐内还原后的熔渣中喷入预热的空气，空气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪置于还原后的熔渣侧面吹入，其中，空气的预热温 度为1200℃；空气的喷吹时间与流量为90L/(min·kg)；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(e)、(f)和(g)三个参数：
(e)还原后的熔渣的温度在1350～1600℃；
(f)还原后的熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
(g)还原后的熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
调控方法为：
对应(e)：喷吹气体结束后，还原后的熔渣的温度为1570～1580℃，在设定范围内；
对应(f)：还原后的熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.0～2.1，在设定范围内；
对应(g)：还原后的熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物充分还原成金属铁；
步骤二，再分离和利用：
(1)冷却：将二次还原后熔渣，旋转冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁的回收率为94％；
(3)分离出金属铁后，熔渣实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.526％；
(4)尾矿的回收利用为路材；
(5)尾矿中，富磷相中P2O5含量为25％，用作磷肥。
实施例3
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣和从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣混合，获得混合熔渣，加入内有沥青-尖晶石质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，再加入煤粉和普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团，得到反应混合熔渣，喷入预热温度为100℃的煤粉，加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1583℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为0.4～0.5＜0.6，加入生石灰粉，调控后反应混合熔 渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝1.2；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的空气；空气的预热温度为30℃；空气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪置于反应混合熔渣上方吹入；喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，反应混合熔渣的温度升温至1620～1626℃，加入普通铁精矿球团矿1kg，喷吹气体结束后，反应混合熔渣的温度为1589～1592℃；
对应(b)：反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝1.5～1.6，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法A，处理的方法如下：
还原后的熔渣直接水淬，用作水泥熟料。
实施例4
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣、从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣和从钢渣出渣口获得的电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣混合，获得混合熔渣，加入内有烟煤-硅质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，再加入焦粉和普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团，得到反应混合熔渣，喷入预热温度为1200℃的煤粉，加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1430℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为2.4，在设定范围内；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的空气；空气的预热温度为300℃；空气喷吹方式为 采用耐火喷枪置于反应混合熔渣侧面吹入；喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：喷吹气体结束后，反应混合熔渣的温度为1476～1482℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.4～2.5，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法B，处理的方法如下：
(1)还原后的熔渣倒入内有石墨-粘土质复合保温耐火材料的等离子炉，向还原后的熔渣中吹入预热的氧气，氧气的预热温度为600℃，喷吹结束后，熔渣内Fe2O3为3.78wt％≥2wt％完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣；
其中，整个过程中，要保证(c)熔渣温度≥1450℃；
对应(c)：
渣罐内熔渣温度为1420℃，通过等离子自身加热后，渣罐内熔渣温度为1450℃；
(2)氧化后的熔渣直接水淬，用作水泥熟料。
实施例5
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣和从钢渣出渣口获得的电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣混合，获得混合熔渣，加入内有无烟煤-硅质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，再加入焦粉和普通铁精矿烧结矿，得到反应混合熔渣，喷入预热温度为500℃的燃料-煤粉，加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1556℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为2.4，在设定范围内；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的空气；空气的预热温度为25℃；空气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪置于反应混合熔渣上部吹入；喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
喷吹气体过程中，反应混合熔渣温度升至1606～1611℃，采用耐火喷枪以喷吹的方式，加入平均粒度为150μm的高炉烟尘粉状物料1Okg，载入气体为氮气，调控喷吹气体结束后，反应混合熔渣的温度为1580～1590℃；
对应(b)：
反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝1.5～1.6，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法D，处理的方法如下：
全部还原后的熔渣返回到反应混合熔渣的转炉中，作为热态冶金熔剂，调整混合熔渣成分，控制混合熔渣碱度、温度、粘度。
实施例6
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣和从钢渣出渣口获得的电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣混合，获得混合熔渣，加入内有碳-硅质复合保温耐火材料的熔炼反应渣罐中，再加入煤粉和普通铁精矿，得到反应混合熔渣，喷吹预热温度为0℃的燃料-煤粉，加热至熔融状态，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1510℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为0.55，向熔炼反应渣罐中加入白云石5kg，调控后，反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为2.1；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的氧气，氧气的预热温度为1100℃；氧气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入反应混合熔渣吹入；在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
喷吹气体结束后，反应混合熔渣的温度为1546～1550℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.1～2.2，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法C，处理的方法如下：
还原后的熔渣处理生产高附加值的水泥熟料
(1)还原后的熔渣倒入内有冶金焦-冷态钢渣质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐中，还原后的熔渣温度为1440℃，加入电炉熔融还原钢渣、石灰、粉煤灰，充分混合，得到还原后的熔渣混合物料；
(2)向还原后的熔渣混合物料中吹入氧气，当熔渣混合物料氧化铁质量百分含量为2wt％时，完成熔渣混合物料的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣混合物料；
其中，整个过程中，通过调控保证(d)熔渣混合物料温度≥1450℃；
对应(d)：
熔渣混合物料温度为1440℃，喷入预热燃料-煤粉，燃烧放热，补充热量，调控后温度为1460℃，满足温度≥1450℃；
(3)氧化后的熔渣混合物料，水淬，制得高附加值的水泥熟料。
实施例7
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣和从钢渣出渣口获得的电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣混合，获得混合熔渣，加入内有石墨-冷态高炉渣复合保温耐火材料的矿热炉中，再加入煤粉和粉煤灰，得到反应混合熔渣，通过矿热炉加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1450℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为1.0，在设定范围内；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的氧气-氮气混合气，氧气-氮气混合气的预热温度为500℃；混合气体中，氧气与氮气的体积比为1∶2，氧气-氮气混合气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪置于反应混合熔渣侧面吹入；在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：喷吹气体结束后，反应混合熔渣的温度为1490～1498℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.9～1.0，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法A，处理的方法如下：
还原后的熔渣直接水淬，用作矿渣水泥。
实施例8
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣、从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣混合，获得混合熔渣，加入内有碳-硅质复合保温耐火材料的直流电弧炉中，再加入煤粉和普通铁精矿金属化球团，得到反应混合熔渣，通过直流电弧炉加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1581℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为1.8，在设定范围内；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的氧气，氧气的预热温度为900℃；氧气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入反应混合熔渣吹入；在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
喷吹气体过程中，反应混合熔渣温度升至1611～1615℃，采用耐火喷枪以喷吹的方式，加入平均粒度为140μm的转炉烟尘粉状物料8kg，载入气体为空气，调控喷吹气体结束后，反应混合熔渣的温度为1580～1589℃；
对应(b)：
反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝1.7～1.8，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤3，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法E，处理的方法如下：
步骤一，再混合熔渣熔融还原炼铁：
(1)喷吹气体：将炉外熔渣倒入内有褐煤-高铝质耐火保温材料的保温地坑，温度为1540～1545℃，向其喷吹经过预热的燃料与空气；燃料与空气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪置于 反应混合熔渣侧面吹入；其中，空气的预热温度为30℃，燃料的预热温度为0℃；空气的喷吹时间与流量为1L/(min·kg)；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(e)、(f)和(g)三个参数：
(e)还原后的熔渣的温度在1350～1600℃；
(f)还原后的熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
(g)还原后的熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
喷吹气体结束后，炉外熔渣的温度为1596～1600℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
炉外熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁，还原充足；
对应(c)：
反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.5～2.6，在设定范围内；
步骤二，再分离和利用：
(1)冷却：将二次还原后的熔渣，自然冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁的回收率为97％；
(3)分离出金属铁后，熔渣实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.458％；
(4)尾矿的回收利用为水泥原料；
(5)尾矿中，富磷相采用湿法冶金法将含磷组分分离出来；富磷相中P2O5含量为30％，采用2wt％稀硫酸，其中，重选富磷相和稀硫酸的固液比为1∶2(g∶L)，将P2O5分离出来，回收率为83％。
实施例9
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣和从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣混合，得到混合熔渣，加入内有石墨-镁质复合保温耐火材料的感应炉中，再加入煤粉和氧化铁皮，得到反应混合熔渣，通过感应炉加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1526℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为1.9，在设定范围内；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的富氧空气，其中，富氧空气的预热温度为25℃；富氧空气中，氧气占富氧空气的体积比为30％，富氧空气用耐火喷枪插入反应混合熔渣吹入；
在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
喷吹气体过程中，反应混合熔渣温度升至1559～1563℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝1.9～2.0，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法B，处理的方法如下：
(1)还原后的熔渣倒入内有石墨-冷态高炉质复合保温耐火材料的熔炼反应渣罐，温度为1512℃，采用耐火喷枪向还原后的熔渣中吹入预热的氧气，氧气的预热温度为30℃，喷吹结束后，熔渣内Fe2O3为2.94wt％＞2wt％，完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣；
其中，整个过程中，通过调控控制(c)熔渣温度≥1450℃；
对应(c)：
渣罐内熔渣温度为1520℃，在设定范围内；
(2)氧化后的熔渣直接水淬，用作水泥生产中的添加剂。
实施例10
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融：
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣和从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣混合，得到混合熔渣，加入内有石墨-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的等离子炉中，再加入煤粉和氧化铁皮，得到反应混合熔渣，通过等离子炉加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1456℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为0.42，向等离子炉中加入石灰粉，调整碱度CaO/SiO2为2.0，在设定范围内；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的空气-氩气混合气；其中，空气-氩气混合气的预热温度为25℃，其中，空气与氩气的混合体积比为3∶2；空气-氩气混合气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入反应混合熔渣吹入；
在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
喷吹气体过程中，反应混合熔渣温度升至1490～1500℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.0～2.1，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤3，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法C，此时，混合熔渣的金属铁的回收率为90％；
还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法如下：
还原后的熔渣处理生产高附加值的水泥熟料
(1)还原后的熔渣倒入内有石墨-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的矿热炉中，还原后的熔渣温度为1440℃，加入电炉熔融氧化钢渣、熔融转炉钢渣、铝土矿、碱性铁贫矿、高炉熔渣，充分混合，获得还原后的熔渣的混合物料；
(2)向还原后的熔渣混合物料中吹入氧气，氧气的温度为0℃，当熔渣混合物料氧化铁质量百分含量为2wt％时，完成熔渣混合物料的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣混合物料；
其中，
(d)熔渣混合物料温度≥1450℃；
对应(d)：
熔渣混合物料温度为1440℃，通过矿热炉加热，调控后温度为1470℃，满足温度≥1450℃；
(3)氧化后的熔渣混合物料，水淬，制得高附加值的水泥熟料。
实施例11
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融：
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣和从钢渣熔炼出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣混合，得到混合熔渣，加入内有沥青-尖晶石质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，再加入煤粉和普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团，得到反应混合熔渣，喷入预热温度为1200℃的煤粉，加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1460℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为0.5，加入生石灰粉，调控后反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.57；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的空气-氮气混合气；其中，空气-氮气混合气的预热 温度为600℃，其中，空气与氮气的混合体积比为5∶1；空气-氮气混合气的喷吹方式采用耐火喷枪置于反应混合熔渣上部吹入；
在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：喷吹气体过程中，反应混合熔渣的温度升温至1502～1508℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.57～2.6，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法A，此时，混合熔渣的金属铁的回收率为92％；
还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法如下：
还原后的熔渣直接水淬，用作微晶玻璃材料。
实施例12
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融：
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣和从钢渣出渣口获得的电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣混合，得到混合熔渣，加入内有石墨-粘土质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，再加入无烟煤和普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团，得到反应混合熔渣，喷吹预热温度为0℃的煤粉，加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1430℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为2.3，在设定范围内；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的氧气-氩气混合气；氧气-氩气混合气的预热温度为0℃，其中，氧气与氩气的混合体积比为1∶2；氧气-氩气混合气采用耐火喷枪从上部吹入；
在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
喷吹气体结束后，反应混合熔渣的温度为1470～1480℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.3～2.4，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法B，处理的方法如下：
(1)还原后的熔渣倒入内有烟煤-硅质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣罐，向还原后的熔渣中吹入预热的氧气，喷吹结束后，熔渣内Fe2O3为3.24wt％＞2wt％，完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣；
其中，要保证(c)熔渣温度≥1450℃；
对应(c)：
渣罐内熔渣温度为1430℃，喷入煤粉后，渣罐内熔渣温度为1450℃；
(2)氧化后的熔渣直接水淬，用作水泥调整剂。
实施例13
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融：
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣、从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣混合，得到混合熔渣，加入内有石油沥青胶-橄榄石质复合保温耐火材料的交流电弧炉中，再加入煤粉和普通铁精矿金属化球团，得到反应混合熔渣，通过交流电弧炉加热至熔融状态，进行熔融 还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1562℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为2.6，在设定范围内；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的富氧空气，富氧空气的预热温度为1200℃；富氧空气采用耐火喷枪从反应混合熔渣侧面吹入；富氧空气中，氧气占富氧空气的体积比为22％；
喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
喷吹气体过程中，反应混合熔渣温度升至1618～1622℃，加入普通钢渣20kg，调控结束后，反应混合熔渣的温度为1546～1550℃；
对应(b)：
反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.4～2.5，在设定范围内；
(3)反应混合熔渣中，铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁，形成铁水，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣，金属铁水实现聚集、长大与沉降；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法二：(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法E，还原后的熔渣倒入内有石油沥青焦-粘土质的可倾倒的保温渣罐中，温度为1500～1509℃，进行再处理；
还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法如下：
步骤一，再混合熔渣熔融还原炼铁：
(1)喷吹气体：采用耐火喷枪置于还原后的熔渣上部，向还原后的熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的空气；其中，空气的预热温度为30℃；空气的喷吹时间与流量为60L/(min·kg)；
(2)控制还原与氧化过程：
在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(e)、(f)和(g)三个参数：
(e)还原后的熔渣的温度在1350～1600℃；
(f)还原后的熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
(g)还原后的熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
调控方法为：
对应(e)：喷吹气体结束后，还原后的熔渣的温度为1537～1542℃，在设定范围内；
对应(f)：
还原后的熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.7～2.8，不满足碱度的要求，加入高炉熔渣，作为热态溶剂，调整后，碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.4～2.5；
对应(g)：
还原后的熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物没有充分还原成金属铁，还原性不足，向还原后的熔渣加入还原剂-煤粉10kg后，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
步骤二，再分离和利用：
(1)冷却：将二次还原后的反应混合熔渣，自然冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁，金属铁的回收率为97％；
(3)分离出金属铁后，熔渣实现调质处理，得到尾矿，尾矿中TFe含量0.432％；
(4)尾矿的回收利用代替碎石作骨料；
(5)尾矿中，富磷相采用选矿法将含磷组分分离出来；磷组分的回收率为62％。
实施例14
一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，按照以下步骤进行：
步骤1，熔融还原：
(1)物料混合熔融：
将从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣和从钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣混合，得到混合熔渣，加入内有沥青-尖晶石质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中，再加入煤粉和普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团，得到反应混合熔渣，喷入预热温度为300℃煤粉，加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在1400～1600℃；
(b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
对应(a)：混合后的反应混合熔渣，温度为1547℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：
混合后的反应混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2为0.5，加入白云石粉和石灰粉，两者的混合质量比为1∶1，调控后反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.6；
(2)喷吹氧化性气体：
向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的空气-氩气混合气，空气-氩气混合气的预热温度为30℃，空气与氩气的混合体积比为3∶2；空气-氩气混合气的喷吹方式采用耐火喷枪插入反应混合熔渣吹入；
在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
(a)反应混合熔渣的温度在1400～1600℃；
(b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
喷吹气体过程中，反应混合熔渣的温度升温至1595～1600℃，在设定范围内；
对应(b)：反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.5～2.6，在设定范围内；
步骤2，分离再利用：
采用方法二：
(1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；(2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；(3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
其中，还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法A，熔渣后处理的方法如下：
还原后的熔渣浇注用作铸石材料。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，按照以下步骤进行：
    步骤1，熔融还原：
    (1)物料混合熔融：
    将高炉熔渣、熔融钢渣形成的混合熔渣，加入保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，向混合熔渣中加入还原剂和含铁物料，得到反应混合熔渣，将反应混合熔渣，加热至熔融状态，进行熔融还原，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
    (a)反应混合熔渣的温度控制在设定温度范围内；
    (b)反应混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
    调控方法为：
    对应(a)：
    设定温度范围为1350～1600℃；
    当反应装置采用保温装置时，反应混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1350～1600℃；
    当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时，反应混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1400～1600℃；
    控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法为：
    当反应混合熔渣的温度＜设定温度范围下限时，通过反应装置自身的加热功能，或向反应混合熔渣中加入燃料和/或熔融钢渣，使反应混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内；
    当反应混合熔渣的温度＞设定温度范围上限时，向反应混合熔渣中加入固态含铁物料和/或高炉熔渣，进行降温，使反应混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内；
    对应(b)：
    当反应混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值＜0.6时，向反应混合熔渣中加入石灰粉、白云石粉或生石灰粉中的一种或几种，使反应混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
    当反应混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值＞2.6时，向反应混合熔渣中加入硅石，使反应混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
    (2)喷吹氧化性气体：
    向反应混合熔渣中，喷吹经过预热的氧化性气体；其中氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数：
    (a)反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围内；
    (b)混合熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
    调控方法为：
    对应(a)：
    采用步骤1(1)中的控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法；
    对应(b)：
    采用步骤1(1)中的控制反应混合熔渣碱度的方法；
    步骤2，分离再利用：
    采用以下方法中的一种：
    方法一：当反应装置采用保温装置时，进行如下步骤：
    (1)冷却：将还原后的反应混合熔渣，冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
    (2)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度为20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁；
    (3)分离出金属铁后，熔渣实现调质处理，得到尾矿；
    (4)尾矿的回收利用有2种：①作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用；②采用湿法冶金、选矿方法或选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来；
    方法二：当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时，进行如下步骤：
    (1)还原后的反应混合熔渣形成铁水和还原后的熔渣；
    (2)还原后的熔渣进行炉外熔渣处理；
    (3)铁水送往转炉炼钢；
    其中，
    还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理的方法，采用方法A、方法B、方法C、方法D、方法E中的一种：
    方法A：还原后的熔渣空冷或水淬
    还原后的熔渣直接空冷或水淬，用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂、水泥熟料、矿渣棉、铸石、微晶玻璃材料或建筑材料；
    方法B：还原后的熔渣氧化后空冷或水淬
    (1)还原后的熔渣倒入可倾倒的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，向还原后的熔渣中吹入预热的氧化性气体，当熔渣氧化铁含量≥2wt％，完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；
    其中，整个过程中，要保证(c)熔渣温度≥1450℃；
    对应(c)：
    采用的控制方法为：
    当温度低于＜1450℃，喷入预热燃料，燃烧放热，补充热量，或装置自身加热，使熔渣温 度≥1450℃；
    (2)氧化后的熔渣直接空冷或水淬，用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂或水泥熟料；
    方法C：还原后的熔渣处理生产高附加值的水泥熟料
    (1)还原后的熔渣倒入可倾倒的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置中，加入熔融转炉钢渣、电炉熔融还原钢渣、电炉熔融氧化钢渣、石灰、粉煤灰、碱性铁贫矿、铝土矿、高炉熔渣中的一种或几种，充分混合，获得还原后的熔渣混合物料；
    (2)向还原后的熔渣混合物料中吹入预热的氧化性气体，当熔渣混合物料氧化铁含量≥2wt％，完成熔渣混合物料的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣混合物料，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；
    其中，整个过程中，要保证(d)熔渣混合物料温度≥1450℃；
    对应(d)，
    采用的控制方法为：
    当温度低于＜1450℃，喷入预热燃料，燃烧放热，补充热量，或装置自身加热，使熔渣混合物料温度在≥1450℃；
    (3)氧化后的熔渣混合物料，进行空冷或水淬，制得高附加值的水泥熟料；
    方法D：部分或全部还原后的熔渣返回到混合熔渣
    部分或全部还原后的熔渣返回到混合熔渣，作为热态冶金熔剂，调整混合熔渣成分，控制混合熔渣碱度、温度或粘度；
    方法E：还原后的熔渣再处理
    还原后的熔渣倒入保温装置，进行再处理：
    步骤一，再混合熔渣熔融还原炼铁：
    (1)喷吹气体：向保温装置内还原后的熔渣中喷入预热的氧化性气体，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃；氧化性气体的喷吹时间与流量的关系为1～90L/(min·kg)；
    (2)控制还原与氧化过程：
    在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(e)、(f)和(g)三个参数：
    (e)还原后的熔渣的温度在1350～1600℃；
    (f)还原后的熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；
    (g)还原后的熔渣中，剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
    调控方法为：
    对应(e)的调控方法：采用步骤1中的对应(a)的调控方法调节；
    对应(f)的调控方法：
    当碱度不在设定范围内时，通过向还原后的熔渣中添加热态溶剂，使碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.6；其中，热态溶剂为高炉熔渣和/或熔融钢渣；
    对应(g)：
    当还原后的熔渣中还原性不足时，向还原后的熔渣中加入还原剂，使剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁；
    步骤二，再分离和利用：
    采用步骤2中的方法一或方法二中的方法A或方法D中的一种，进行处理。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1(1)中，所述的高炉熔渣为从高炉出渣口获得的普通高炉熔渣，含有TiO2的质量分数≤4％，高炉熔渣的温度≥1300℃；所述的熔融钢渣是从转炉钢渣出渣口获得的转炉炼钢熔融钢渣、从电炉钢渣出渣口获得电炉炼钢熔融氧化钢渣中的一种或两种，熔融钢渣的温度≥1500℃。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1(1)中，所述的含铁物料为含铁物料是普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿烧结矿、普通铁精矿球团矿、普通铁精矿金属化球团、普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团、普通铁精矿直接还原铁、普通钢渣、高炉瓦斯灰、高炉烟尘、转炉烟尘、氧化铁皮、湿法炼锌过程的锌浸出渣、氧化铝生产过程产生的赤泥、粉煤灰、铜渣、硫酸烧渣中的一种或几种。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1(1)和步骤2中，所述的还原剂是煤粉、焦粉、烟煤、无烟煤中的一种。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述的保温装置为可倾倒的保温装置和不可倾倒的保温装置；所述的不可倾倒的保温装置为保温地坑；所述的可倾倒的保温装置为保温渣罐；所述的可倾倒的熔炼反应装置为可倾倒的转炉、可倾倒的熔炼反应渣罐或感应炉；所述的固定式的熔炼反应装置为底部带有渣口或铁口的反应装置；所述的固定式的熔炼反应装置为等离子炉、直流电弧炉、交流电弧炉、矿热炉、鼓风炉或反射炉。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1(1)中，所述的反应装置内层有含碳保温脱模耐火材料；所述的含碳保温脱模耐火材料是含碳复合耐火材料；碳是碳素、石墨、石油沥青焦、冶金焦、沥青、无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤中的一种或几种，耐火材料是硅质、半硅质、粘土质、高铝质、镁质、白云石质、橄榄石质、尖晶石质、冷态高炉渣、冷态钢渣中的一种或几种。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述的 控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的燃料的预热温度为0～1200℃，熔融钢渣的温度为≥1500℃；燃料和氧化性气体从喷枪枪口喷入反应混合熔渣；所述的喷枪采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣或置于混合熔渣上部或侧面喷入燃料；
    所述的控制反应混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中，所述的固态含铁物料为普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿烧结矿、普通铁精矿球团矿、普通铁精矿金属化球团、普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团、普通铁精矿直接还原铁、普通钢渣、高炉瓦斯灰、高炉烟尘、转炉烟尘、氧化铁皮、湿法炼锌过程的锌浸出渣、氧化铝生产过程产生的赤泥、粉煤灰、铜渣、硫酸烧渣中的一种或几种。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述的固态含铁物料是粉状物料或球状物料，其中，粉状物料的粒度是≤150μm；粉状物料以喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣，载入气体为空气、氮气、氩气、氮气-空气混合气、氮气-氧气混合气或空气-氩气混合气；所述的喷吹方式采用耐火喷枪以喷吹的方式加入反应熔渣。
  9. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述的氧化性气体为空气、氧气、富氧空气、氧气-氮气混合气、空气-氮气混合气、氧气-氩气混合气、空气-氩气混合气中的一种或几种；采用耐火喷枪向混合熔渣中喷吹氧化性气体，采用耐火喷枪插入混合熔渣或置于混合熔渣上部或侧面喷入氧化性气体。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2，方法一(1)中，所述的冷却为自然冷却或旋转冷却；所述的旋转冷却，将装有混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上，旋转平台的旋转速度依熔渣质量与保温装置高度或深度而定，旋转时间依熔渣质量与熔渣凝固情况而定。
  11. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2，方法一(2)中，所述的混合熔渣的金属铁回收率为90～95％；所述的方法E再分离和利用采用方法一时，所述的混合熔渣的金属铁回收率为95～97％。
  12. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2，方法一(4)中，所述的湿法冶金是稀酸浸出法，其中稀酸浸出法是无机酸浸、有机酸浸中的一种；所述的无机酸选用硫酸、盐酸、磷酸的一种或几种任意比例混合，有机酸选用草酸、乙酸、柠檬酸中的一种或几种任意比例混合。
  13. 如权利要求1所述的混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1和步骤2中，所述的燃料是煤粉，燃料的预热温度为0～1200℃。
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