WO2018014364A1 - 一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法 - Google Patents

一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法 Download PDF

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WO2018014364A1
WO2018014364A1 PCT/CN2016/091701 CN2016091701W WO2018014364A1 WO 2018014364 A1 WO2018014364 A1 WO 2018014364A1 CN 2016091701 W CN2016091701 W CN 2016091701W WO 2018014364 A1 WO2018014364 A1 WO 2018014364A1
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slag
titanium
vanadium
mixed
iron
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PCT/CN2016/091701
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French (fr)
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张力
张武
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东北大学
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06Treatment of liquid slag
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21BMANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B11/00Making pig-iron other than in blast furnaces
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C22B34/1218Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes
    • C22B34/1222Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes using a halogen containing agent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/10Obtaining titanium, zirconium or hafnium
    • C22B34/12Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08
    • C22B34/1218Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes
    • C22B34/1227Obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by metallurgical processing; preparation of titanium compounds from other titanium compounds see C01G23/00 - C01G23/08 obtaining titanium or titanium compounds from ores or scrap by dry processes using an oxygen containing agent
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/20Obtaining niobium, tantalum or vanadium
    • C22B34/22Obtaining vanadium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001Dry processes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04Working-up slag
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20Recycling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02WCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of non-blast furnace ironmaking and comprehensive utilization of resources, and particularly relates to a method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag.
  • blast furnace ironmaking Production encounters huge challenges, as follows:
  • the blast furnace has a long production process from raw material pretreatment, pellet plant, sintering plant, coking plant, blast furnace ironmaking, and the total investment is very large;
  • non-blast furnace ironmaking In order to change the predicament of blast furnace ironmaking, different forms of non-blast furnace ironmaking have been formed. At present, a modern non-blast furnace ironmaking industrial system with direct reduction and smelting reduction is formed.
  • the smelting reduction method uses non-coking coal as energy source to carry out iron oxide reduction under high temperature melting state, and slag iron can be completely separated. It has the following advantages: (1) It can handle refractory low-quality iron ore, iron-bearing composite ore, special ore It is an important means of comprehensive utilization of resources, with a wide range of raw material resources; (2) short process, high speed, low production cost and low investment; (3) low environmental pollution, cleaner and more environmentally friendly.
  • Vanadium-titanium magnetite is a composite ore of symbiotic elements of iron, vanadium, titanium, chromium, phosphorus, copper, nickel, cobalt, lanthanum, cerium, zirconium and hafnium.
  • China adopts the process of “vanadium-titanium magnetite beneficiation-blast furnace ironmaking-iron-water blowing vanadium slag-converter steelmaking”, the vanadium slag-sodium or calcification roasting process, and realizes the large-scale utilization of vanadium-titanium magnetite. And produced solid waste containing titanium blast furnace slag, vanadium-containing titanium steel slag, and vanadium tailings.
  • Titanium-containing blast furnace slag is produced in the blast furnace ironmaking process of vanadium-titanium magnetite.
  • the TiO 2 content is 4 to 30%
  • the vanadium-containing pig iron content is 4 to 8%
  • the vanadium pentoxide content is 0.1 to 0.5%
  • contains valuable elements such as chromium, gallium, and antimony.
  • the titanium-containing blast furnace slag is a kind Important secondary resources.
  • the temperature of the titanium-containing blast furnace slag discharged from the blast furnace is higher than or equal to 1300 ° C, and a large amount of physical heat is discharged every year. Therefore, the titanium-containing blast furnace slag is also an important physical heat resource.
  • the vanadium-containing titanium steel slag is produced in the steelmaking process of vanadium-titanium magnetite, and has a TiO 2 content of 0.5 to 10%, a metal iron content of 4 to 12%, an iron oxidation content of 10 to 35%, and a vanadium pentoxide content. It is 0.5 to 5%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 0.2 to 6%, the chromium trioxide content is 0.1 to 5%, and contains a certain amount of free calcium oxide.
  • Vanadium-containing titanium steel slag is an important secondary resource. The temperature of the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag is higher than or equal to 1500 ° C, and a large amount of physical heat is discharged every year. Therefore, the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag is also an important physical heat resource.
  • the titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the vanadium-containing titanium steel slag belong to the same artificial minerals, and the phase containing titanium, vanadium, iron, phosphorus, calcium and the like are finely dispersed, which is difficult to treat, and the comprehensive utilization problem has not been solved efficiently.
  • China emits more than 20 million tons of titanium-containing blast furnace slag per year, and has accumulated more than 100 million tons of titanium-containing blast furnace slag.
  • more than 7 million tons of vanadium-containing steel slag is discharged every year, and the accumulation has exceeded 20 million tons.
  • a large amount of titanium-containing slag (containing titanium blast furnace slag and vanadium-containing titanium steel slag) is piled up in large quantities, which wastes resources and pollutes the environment.
  • Titanium-containing blast furnace slag and vanadium-containing titanium steel slag are important metallurgical resources, containing not only valuable components such as iron, vanadium, titanium and chromium, but also a large amount of metallurgical fluxes such as CaO and SiO 2 .
  • a lot of researches have been done on the comprehensive utilization of titanium-containing blast furnace slag and vanadium-containing titanium steel slag at home and abroad, and some results have been achieved.
  • many methods, although technically feasible, are not economically viable and still cannot be used. For industrial applications and development.
  • titanium extraction by alkali method titanium extraction by acid method, preparation of titanium-containing alloy, titanium-containing blast furnace slag carbonitriding titanium, high temperature modification-precipitation-mineralization separation and the like.
  • the sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid method extracts and separates the titanium-containing blast furnace slag, and the consumption of acid is large, and a large amount of waste acid and tailings are generated, which seriously pollutes the environment.
  • Hydrochloric acid leaching and natural cooling of titanium-containing blast furnace slag is a way to utilize titanium-containing blast furnace slag.
  • the leaching residue has no suitable use, that is, a new one is produced after leaching of hydrochloric acid. Waste.
  • Titanium-containing blast furnace slag carbonitriding titanium is a way to utilize titanium-containing blast furnace slag, and there are some obvious shortcomings.
  • the key problem of excessive carbonization power consumption of electric furnace is not solved, and electricity costs account for 70-80 of the total cost of carbonized slag. More than %, a large amount of chlorinated residue is produced, which causes serious secondary pollution.
  • it also exposes problems such as the bottom of the furnace and some serious slags in some smelting furnaces. Production is difficult to continue.
  • the TiO 2 content in the slag is ⁇ 10wt%. If the TiO 2 content in the slag is >10wt%, it will not be used as cement raw material.
  • the method in the above two patents can only realize the effective utilization of a kind of slag, that is, titanium-containing blast furnace slag, low chemical activity, low temperature, high treatment cost, and poor effect of migration, enrichment and growth of iron and titanium components. The recovery rate is low, only the iron and titanium groups can be recycled and utilized, and the effective enrichment of valuable elements is not realized; 2.
  • the method in the above two patents can only utilize one kind of slag, namely titanium-containing blast furnace slag, single slag- Titanium-containing blast furnace slag slag temperature is low, need to compensate a large amount of heat, high cost, complicated operation; 3. Can not handle cold titanium-containing blast furnace slag; 4.
  • Both of the above two patents need to add SiO 2 , CaO, CaF 2 and other additives
  • the temperature of the slag is rapidly decreased, and a part of the heat in the slag is wasted. Therefore, it is necessary to compensate the heat, waste energy, increase the cost, and increase the complexity of the treatment process; 5.
  • the above two inventions The separation methods used in the process are all combined with flotation and hydrometallurgical methods. Flotation separation and hydrometallurgical separation process are likely to cause environmental pollution.
  • the titanium-containing steel slag mainly adopts the water quenching process and the steel slag “squeaky tank” treatment process, and magnetically recovers the metal iron in the slag, but the recovery rate is low, and the residual metal iron content in the slag is as high as 5%, and the process only considers the metal in the recovered slag. Iron, iron oxides containing up to 30% or more of the recovered slag are not considered.
  • the water quenching process and the steel slag “squeaky tank” treatment process consume a large amount of water resources, generate corrosive hot steam, heat cannot be recycled, water resources cannot be recycled, and a large amount of heat resources are difficult to be utilized.
  • the free CaO and MgO in the slag reduce the stability of the steel slag volume, and the higher content of iron oxide increases the difficulty of grinding and limits the application of steel slag.
  • the comprehensive utilization of vanadium components in vanadium-containing titanium steel slag is still in the research stage, and there is no recycling of titanium. Therefore, the vanadium-containing titanium steel slag is accumulated in a large amount, which pollutes the environment and wastes resources.
  • the blast furnace liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and vanadium-containing molten steel slag contain abundant thermal energy resources, contain a large amount of hot metallurgical flux, and contain high content of iron, vanadium, titanium, chromium, phosphorus, calcium and other valuables. Elements are important secondary resources.
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag is a reducing slag
  • the vanadium-containing molten steel slag is an oxidizing slag, which is a slag system with excellent physical and chemical properties and is a metallurgical clinker.
  • the method for separating iron-titanium vanadium calcium from slag (containing titanium blast furnace slag and vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag), the invention has the following advantages: (1) the raw material is liquid molten from the slag outlet Titanium-containing blast furnace slag ( ⁇ 1300°C) and molten steel slag ( ⁇ 1500°C), featuring high temperature and high heat, making full use of slag physical heat resources to save energy efficiently; (2) Liquid-melting titanium-containing blast furnace slag It has high content of free calcium oxide. The liquid molten converter steel slag has high content of low-priced titanium oxide.
  • the abundant thermal resources contained in the slag containing titanium and the molten steel containing vanadium and titanium are not fully utilized.
  • the strong reduction property of the titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the strong oxidizing property of the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag are not fully utilized, and the high content of the hot metallurgical flux in the two slags is not fully utilized, and the annual discharge is not fully utilized.
  • titanium-containing mixed slag including titanium blast furnace melt With the oxidized exothermic substance of the reduced material in the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag, the temperature of the slag is too high, and it is easy to damage the lining material and the tank of the thermal insulation mold to reduce the service life; (3) Titanium-containing mixed slag (containing titanium blast furnace melting) The oxidized and exothermic substances in the slag and the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag are oxidized and exothermic, the slag temperature is too high, the metal iron in the mixed slag is accelerated to oxidize to iron oxide, the settlement of metallic iron is reduced, and the recovery rate of metallic iron is decreased; The titanium-containing mixed slag reduced state oxidative exotherm, the slag temperature is too high, causing
  • the present invention provides a method for smelting reduction production and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag.
  • the method is a method for tempering and reducing the production of vanadium-containing pig iron or vanadium-containing steel, titanium-rich slag, vanadium-rich slag, phosphorus-rich phase and slag by smelting reduction of titanium-containing mixed slag.
  • the method of the invention has the advantages of short reaction time, high metal recovery rate, low production cost, strong adaptability of raw materials, large processing capacity, environmental friendliness and high economic benefit, and can effectively solve the problem of high-efficiency recycling of metallurgical resources and thermal energy of multi-metal composite ore.
  • the invention relates to a method for smelting reduction and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag, fully utilizing physical heat resources of titanium-containing mixed slag and hot metallurgical flux, and reducing property of titanium-containing blast furnace slag and molten steel slag containing vanadium and titanium
  • the oxidizing property is achieved by adding a reducing agent, a vanadium-containing titanium mineral and/or an iron-containing material to a mixed slag containing titanium blast furnace slag and vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag, heating and smelting reduction, and blowing an oxidizing gas.
  • the product, or the phosphorus-containing component is separated; the method of the invention not only realizes efficient recovery of the titanium component, the iron component, the vanadium component, the phosphorus component and the free calcium oxide component in the mixed slag, but also realizes the utilization of the melting Reducing ironmaking process for large-scale treatment of solid vanadium, titanium and iron materials, producing high-grade titanium slag and vanadium-rich slag, and simultaneously achieving slag quenching and tempering treatment, achieving the purpose of efficient and comprehensive utilization of resources, is a new kind of smelting reduction Iron craft.
  • the control method is:
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in the set temperature range is:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is lower than the upper limit of the set temperature range, one or more of the vanadium-containing titanium material, the iron-containing material, the fluorine-containing material or the titanium-containing blast furnace slag is added to the mixed slag to make the mixed slag
  • the temperature reaches the set temperature range;
  • silica is added to the mixed slag so that the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 in the mixed slag is 0.6 to 2.6;
  • the set temperature range is 1450 ⁇ 1650 ° C;
  • the temperature range of the mixed slag is set to 1450 to 1650 ° C;
  • the temperature range of the mixed slag is set to 1500 ⁇ 1650 ° C;
  • the oxidizing gas after preheating is sprayed, and the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas is 0 to 1200 ° C; during the blowing process, two parameters (a) and (b) are simultaneously ensured by regulation:
  • reaction device is a pourable insulation device or a non-dumpable insulation device
  • method A is employed:
  • vanadium-containing metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the vanadium-containing metal iron layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, ground and magnetically separated. Remaining vanadium containing metal iron;
  • tailings recycling There are two kinds of tailings recycling: 1 as cement raw materials, building materials, instead of crushed stone as aggregate, road material or phosphate fertilizer; 2 using hydrometallurgy, beneficiation method or beneficiation-hydrometallurgical joint method The phosphorus-containing components in the tailings are separated.
  • the temperature of the mixed slag after reduction and oxidation is lowered to 1150 to 1250 ° C, and the mixed slag after reduction and oxidation in the middle and upper portions is poured out, and then air-cooled or water-quenched, and used as a cement raw material or a building material;
  • reaction device uses a pourable smelting reaction device or a stationary smelting reaction device, method D is employed:
  • Method D-1 The method of treating the slag outside the furnace adopts Method D-1 or Method D-2:
  • Method D-1 when the mass fraction of TiO 2 in the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction oxidation is ⁇ 10%, the reduced-oxidized vanadium-containing titanium slag is directly cooled or water quenched and used as a cement raw material or building material;
  • Method D-2 Pour the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction and oxidation into a heat preservation device, and perform the following operations:
  • a preheating oxidizing gas is sprayed into the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction oxidation; wherein the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas is 0 to 1200 ° C, and the relationship between the oxidizing gas time and the flow rate is 1 ⁇ 105L/(min ⁇ kg);
  • step 1 The method of controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in the set temperature range in step 1;
  • the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 is 0.6 to 2.6 by adding a hot solvent to the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction oxidation; wherein the hot solvent is a titanium-containing blast furnace melting Slag and/or vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag;
  • the reducing agent is added to the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction and oxidation, and the remaining low-valent titanium is oxidized to high-priced titanium, and the remaining iron oxide is reduced to metal iron;
  • the titanium-containing mixed slag is composed of titanium-containing blast furnace slag and vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag.
  • the temperature of the titanium-containing blast furnace slag is ⁇ 1300 ° C, which is obtained from the slag outlet of the blast furnace, and the slag containing titanium blast furnace has a mass fraction of TiO 2 of 4 to 30%; the temperature of the above-mentioned vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag is ⁇ 1500 ° C It is obtained from the slag outlet of steel slag, and the mass fraction containing TiO 2 is 0.3-6%, and the mass fraction containing V 2 O 5 is 0.3-5%.
  • the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag is a vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag or an electric furnace containing vanadium-titanium molten oxidized steel slag.
  • the titanium-containing mixed slag described above the blast furnace liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag which are discharged from the slag discharge port are thoroughly mixed to form a mixed slag, and the blast furnace liquid melts the titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag, not only It contains abundant thermal energy resources and contains a large amount of hot metallurgical flux.
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag is reduced slag, and the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag is oxidized slag.
  • the heat preservation device is a pourable heat preservation device or a non-pourable heat preservation device; the non-pourable heat preservation device is a heat preservation pit; and the method for raising the temperature is to add fuel.
  • the pourable holding device is a pourable insulated slag pot; the method of raising the temperature is to add fuel.
  • the pourable smelting reaction device is a pourable converter, a pourable smelting reaction slag or an induction furnace.
  • the fixed smelting reaction device is a reaction device with a slag port or an iron port at the bottom; the fixed reaction device is a plasma furnace, a direct current arc furnace, an alternating current arc furnace, a submerged arc furnace, a blast furnace or a reverberatory furnace.
  • the inner layer of the heat preservation device, the pourable smelting reaction device or the fixed smelting reaction device is a carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material;
  • the carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material is a carbon-containing composite refractory material, specifically carbon It is one or more of carbon, graphite, petroleum pitch coke, metallurgical coke, asphalt, anthracite, bituminous coal or lignite.
  • the refractory material is siliceous, semi-silica, clay, high alumina, magnesia, dolomite.
  • the carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material has two functions: (1) protecting the heat preservation device to improve its life, and (2) allowing the cooled slow cooling slag to be easily removed from the heat preservation device.
  • the reducing agent is one of coal powder, coke powder, bituminous coal or anthracite.
  • the fuel and the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag are simultaneously added to the mixed slag, the fuel and the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag are in an arbitrary ratio.
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in the set temperature range, the preheating temperature of the fuel is 0 to 1200 ° C, including
  • the temperature of the vanadium-titanium molten steel slag is ⁇ 1500 °C.
  • the fuel is added to the mixed slag by means of blowing.
  • the blowing method is to insert the slag into the slag by using a refractory lance or to put the fuel into the upper part or the side of the slag.
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in a set temperature range, the fuel is pulverized coal.
  • the fuel and the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag are simultaneously added to the mixed slag, the fuel and the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag are in an arbitrary ratio.
  • the vanadium-containing titanium material is titanium-containing blast furnace slag, vanadium-containing titanium steel slag, vanadium-bearing tailings, titanium-selective tailings, low-grade vanadium-titanium Magnetite, vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate, vanadium-titanium magnetite direct reduced iron, vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate metallized pellet, vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate carbon-containing pre-reduction pellet, vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate ore, vanadium One or more of the titanium magnet concentrate ore pellets; the iron-containing material is ordinary iron concentrate, ordinary iron concentrate direct reduced iron, ordinary iron concentrate sintered ore, ordinary iron concentrate pellet, ordinary iron fine Mineral metallized pellets, ordinary iron concentrates containing carbon prereduction pellets, ordinary steel slag, blast furnace gas ash, blast
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in the set temperature range, the vanadium-containing titanium material, the iron-containing material and the fluorine-containing material are all pellets or powder materials; wherein, the granular material has a particle size of ⁇ 150 ⁇ m, and the powder
  • the mixed material is added to the mixed slag by blowing, and the loading gas is air, argon, nitrogen-air mixture, nitrogen-oxygen gas mixture or air-argon gas mixture.
  • the blowing method uses a refractory spray gun to spray the mixed slag.
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in the set temperature range when the temperature of the mixed slag is > the upper limit of the set temperature, adding the vanadium-containing titanium material, the iron-containing material, the fluorine-containing material or the titanium-containing blast furnace slag
  • One or more of the purpose is to avoid excessive temperature, protect the carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material, inhibit the vanadium-containing pig iron in the blast furnace slag, the vanadium-containing iron in the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag and the reduced metallic iron. Oxidation increases the recovery rate of metallic iron.
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in the set temperature range when the temperature of the mixed slag is > the upper limit of the set temperature, another function of adding the fluorine-containing material is to lower the viscosity and accelerate the vanadium-containing metal in the slag. Aggregation, growth and sedimentation of iron, titanium-rich phase, vanadium-rich phase, and phosphorus-rich phase.
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in the set temperature range adding one or more of the cold vanadium-containing titanium material, the iron-containing material, the fluorine-containing material, and the titanium-containing blast furnace slag to lower the temperature, During the process of ejecting gas, the remaining low-priced titanium (Ti 2+ , Ti 3+ ) is sufficiently oxidized to high-priced titanium (Ti 4+ ) to ensure that the remaining high-valent iron (Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ ) in the mixed slag is fully It is reduced to metallic iron Fe to ensure that the metal iron particles in the slag are not oxidized.
  • the low-valent titanium (Ti 2+ , Ti 3+ ) in the mixed slag is oxidized to a high price. Titanium (Ti 4+ ), high-valent iron (Fe 3+ , Fe 2+ ) is reduced to low-cost iron (Fe and Fe 2+ ).
  • the oxidizing gas is one of air, oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas, nitrogen-air mixed gas, oxygen-argon mixed gas or air-argon mixed gas.
  • the preheating temperature of the oxidizing gas varies depending on the gas.
  • the oxidizing gas is inserted into the slag by using a refractory lance or placed on the upper side or side of the slag to blow an oxidizing gas.
  • the oxidizing gas, the blowing time and the flow rate are determined according to the slag quality, temperature and degree of reduction oxidation.
  • the ratio of the alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 in the mixed slag is adjusted, and when a mixture of two or three kinds of lime powder, dolomite powder or quicklime powder is added to the mixed slag, it is arbitrary. ratio.
  • the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 in the mixed slag is controlled to be 0.6 to 2.6, that is, the oxygen potential is controlled, and the titanium component in the slag remains high (TiO 2 )
  • the iron oxide is smelted to metal iron, the vanadium oxide is reduced to elemental vanadium, migrated and enriched in the metal iron phase, and the vanadium-containing metal molten iron and the reduced vanadium-containing molten iron contained in the slag form a vanadium-containing molten iron;
  • the slag oxygen level, the low-priced titanium ions are fully oxidized to high-priced titanium (Ti 4+ ).
  • the cooling mode is natural cooling or rotary cooling.
  • the specific operation of the rotary cooling is: the heat preservation device equipped with the mixed slag after the redox is placed on the rotating platform, and rotates according to a certain speed, and the rotation speed depends on the slag quality.
  • the rotation time depends on the slag quality and the slag solidification condition; the heat preservation device containing the redox mixed slag is placed on the rotating platform for rotation, in order to accelerate the metal iron and the rich Aggregation, growth and sedimentation of titanium phase and vanadium-rich phase, shortening settlement time, improving sedimentation effect and improving production efficiency.
  • step 2 in the method A(1), most of the vanadium-containing metal iron, the titanium-containing group and the vanadium-containing component settle to the bottom due to the difference in density and the mineral size.
  • the titanium component in the mixed slag containing redox continues to migrate, is enriched in the titanium-rich phase, and realizes growth and sedimentation; and the mixed slag after redox reduction
  • the vanadium component is continuously migrated and enriched in the metal iron phase and the vanadium-rich oxide phase, and grows and settles.
  • the phosphorus component in the mixed slag containing redox continues to migrate and is concentrated in Ca 2 SiO 4 . -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 phase, distributed at the phase interface between the two phases of the titanium-rich phase and other mineral phases; the iron oxide, free calcium oxide and free magnesium oxide disappeared in the mixed slag after redox, slag Realize tempering.
  • the gravity sorting method is a shaker sorting, a chute sorting or a combination of the two.
  • the hydrometallurgy is a dilute acid leaching method, wherein the dilute acid leaching method is one of inorganic acid leaching and organic acid leaching.
  • the inorganic acid is selected from one or more of sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid and phosphoric acid
  • the organic acid is one or more selected from the group consisting of oxalic acid, acetic acid and citric acid;
  • the vanadium-containing pig iron aggregates, grows and settles to the bottom, and the titanium component in the slag migrates and is concentrated in the titanium-rich phase, and realizes growth and After sedimentation, the remaining vanadium component in the mixed slag migrates and is enriched in the vanadium-rich phase, and grows and settles.
  • the phosphorus component in the mixed slag migrates and is enriched in Ca 2 SiO 4 -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 .
  • the phase is distributed at the phase interface between the two phases of the titanium-rich phase and other mineral phases, and the iron oxide, free calcium oxide and magnesium oxide in the slag disappear, and the slag is tempered.
  • the metal iron recovery rate is 90 to 97%, the titanium alloy has a mass fraction of TiO 2 of 35 to 90%, and the titanium recovery rate is 60 to 80%;
  • the metal iron recovery rate is 90 to 95%;
  • the titanium concentrate has a mass fraction of TiO 2 of 35 to 90%, and the titanium recovery rate is 58 to 78%.
  • a hot flux or a reducing agent is added to control the slag oxygen potential, and the remaining iron oxide in the slag is further smelted and reduced to metallic iron, and the vanadium oxide is reduced to elemental vanadium migration and enriched in metallic iron.
  • Phase the vanadium-containing metal iron and the reduced metal iron contained in the slag are aggregated, grown and settled; the slag oxygen level is controlled, and the remaining low-valent titanium is sufficiently oxidized to high-priced titanium (Ti 4+ );
  • a reducing agent is added; the hot solvent is added according to the slag basicity, viscosity, melting temperature and oxygen potential.
  • the method for smelting reduction and production of quenching and smelting containing titanium, the quenching and tempering process is from the beginning of mixing of raw materials until the separation and recovery process continues to occur, the free calcium oxide and free magnesium oxide in the slag disappear, iron oxidation The metal and metal iron disappear or almost disappear, and the slag is tempered.
  • the method for smelting reduction production and quenching and tempering treatment of the titanium-containing mixed slag of the present invention is characterized in that:
  • the invention fully utilizes the physical heat resource of the titanium-containing mixed slag and the hot metallurgical flux, and the reducing property of the titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the oxidizing property of the molten steel slag containing vanadium and titanium, and the slag and the vanadium-containing titanium containing titanium blast furnace
  • adding reducing agent, vanadium-containing titanium mineral and/or iron-containing material, heating and smelting reduction, spraying oxidizing gas, and smelting and reducing large-scale solid vanadium, titanium and iron materials not only achieve mixing
  • the smelting of iron oxide in the slag reduces ironmaking, and realizes the smelting reduction of iron in a large solid state containing vanadium, titanium and iron materials, controls the oxygen potential, and the titanium component in the slag is fully oxidized under an oxidizing atmosphere, and iron oxidation
  • the material is sufficiently reduced to metal iron, and the slag-gold is separated to obtain
  • the vanadium-containing pig iron contained in the vanadium-containing titanium slag and the metal iron that continues to be reduced begin to aggregate and grow. When it approaches a certain size, it begins to settle, and most of it settles to the bottom of the residue to form a whole.
  • the titanium component in the mixed slag migrates and is enriched in the titanium-rich phase, and grows and settles.
  • the elemental vanadium component migrates and is concentrated in the metallic iron phase, and the low-valent vanadium is oxidized. The material is enriched in the vanadium-rich phase, and grows and settles.
  • the phosphorus component migrates and is concentrated in the Ca 2 SiO 4 -Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 phase, which occurs at the interface of the titanium-rich phase; after the slag is cooled, Separating the slow cooling slag from the settled iron ingot, recovering the vanadium-containing metal iron, and simultaneously separating the vanadium-containing metal iron remaining at the bottom of the slag by magnetic separation, thereby realizing the vanadium-containing pig iron and the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag in the titanium-containing blast furnace slag High-efficiency recovery of iron in vanadium-bearing iron and iron oxide, high recovery rate of metal iron; due to the precipitation of titanium-rich phase and vanadium-rich phase in the lower part, the amount of slag to be sorted is small, and the cost of grinding, magnetic separation and re-election is low.
  • the phosphorus-rich phase occurring at the interface of the titanium-rich phase contributes to the dissociation and selection of the titanium-rich phase It not only realizes the recovery of elemental vanadium in the slag, but also realizes the enrichment, growth, sedimentation and separation of vanadium-containing oxides; the free calcium oxide and free magnesium oxide disappear, the metal iron and iron oxide almost disappear, and the slag is realized Quenching and tempering, tailings use limiting factors disappeared, there are two kinds of tailings recycling: 1 as cement raw materials, building materials, instead of crushed stone as aggregate, road material or phosphate fertilizer; 2 using hydrometallurgy, beneficiation method or beneficiation - The hydrometallurgical combination method separates the phosphorus-containing components from the tailings. Tailings have large utilization value and wide application range;
  • the invention not only realizes high-efficiency recovery of iron, vanadium, titanium, calcium and phosphorus components in the mixed slag, but also realizes large-scale treatment of solid vanadium-containing, titanium and iron materials by smelting reduction, and produces vanadium-containing molten iron, titanium-rich slag,
  • the vanadium-rich slag and the phosphorus-rich phase are a new smelting reduction ironmaking process.
  • the process of the invention can be carried out continuously or discontinuously to meet the needs of industrial production.
  • the inner layer of the reaction device uses a carbon-containing thermal insulation mold release refractory material, which not only protects the heat preservation device, but also facilitates the removal of the cooled slow-cooling slag from the heat preservation device;
  • the raw material of the present invention is a liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag ( ⁇ 1300 ° C) flowing out from a tap hole and a vanadium-containing molten steel slag ( ⁇ 1500 ° C), which contains abundant heat energy resources and has high temperature and high heat.
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the vanadium-containing molten steel slag contain a large amount of hot metallurgical flux, which are slag systems with excellent physical and chemical properties, realizing metallurgical resources and High-efficiency utilization of heat resources;
  • liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag is reducing slag, and converter vanadium-containing molten steel slag is oxidative slag, which fully utilizes the characteristics of high hydration chemical reactivity of two slags; Smelting reduction and oxidation, spraying oxidizing gas, controlling oxygen potential, not only accumulating, growing and sedimentating vanadium-containing iron in vanadium-containing pig iron and vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag, but also making vanadium-containing titanium The iron oxide in the molten steel slag is fully reduced to metallic iron to achieve aggregation, growth and settlement;
  • the method of the invention not only realizes the iron reduction smelting reduction iron smelting in the mixed slag, but also realizes the large-scale treatment of the solid vanadium, titanium and iron materials by smelting reduction, which is a new smelting reduction ironmaking process;
  • the method of the present invention achieves smelting reduction and oxidation by slag mixing, oxidizing gas is sprayed, oxygen potential is controlled, titanium is sufficiently oxidized to high-priced titanium, and titanium component in the mixed slag migrates and is concentrated in the titanium-rich phase.
  • the iron component, the titanium component, the vanadium component and the phosphorus component in the slag migrate separately, Enriched in vanadium-containing metal iron, titanium-rich phase, vanadium-rich phase, phosphorus-rich phase, and achieve aggregation, growth and sedimentation; thermal insulation device equipped with slag is placed on a rotating platform to accelerate the vanadium-containing metal iron, rich Titanium phase, vanadium-rich phase, phosphorus-rich phase aggregation, growth and sedimentation, shortening settling time, improving sedimentation effect, improving production efficiency; adding fluorine-containing materials to accelerate vanadium-containing metal iron, titanium-rich phase, vanadium-rich phase, Accumulation, growth and sedimentation of phosphorus-rich phase, shortening settlement time and improving sedimentation effect;
  • the method of the invention adopts a method of manual sorting, magnetic separation and re-election, separating vanadium-containing metal iron, vanadium-rich phase and titanium-rich phase settled at the bottom to realize titanium component and iron component in the mixed slag.
  • the tailings can be used as cement raw materials or building materials. Or instead of crushed stone as aggregate and road material or phosphate fertilizer or metallurgical method to separate phosphorus-containing components, tailings have large utilization value and wide application range;
  • the present invention makes full use of the physical heat resources of the titanium-containing mixed slag and the hot metallurgical flux, and the reduction property of the titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the oxidation of the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag, thereby realizing large-scale treatment by smelting reduction Solid state containing vanadium, titanium and iron materials, producing vanadium-containing molten iron.
  • the iron component, titanium component, vanadium component and phosphorus component of vanadium-titanium slag are separately transported and enriched in vanadium-containing metal iron, titanium-rich phase and vanadium-rich phase.
  • the smelting reduction ironmaking process is a new type of smelting reduction for large-scale treatment of solid vanadium, titanium and iron materials, production of high-grade titanium slag and vanadium-rich slag, and simultaneous slag quenching and tempering treatment to achieve efficient and comprehensive utilization of resources. Ironmaking process.
  • the method of the invention has the advantages of short reaction time, high metal recovery rate, low production cost, strong adaptability of raw materials, large processing capacity, environmental friendliness and high economic benefit, and can effectively solve the problem of high-efficiency recycling of metallurgical resources and thermal energy of multi-metal composite ore.
  • FIG. 1 is a process flow diagram of a method for smelting reduction and tempering treatment of a titanium-containing mixed slag according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the solid-liquid ratio referred to in the following examples refers to the mass ratio of tailings to the leachate in units of g:L.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag comprising the following steps:
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the converter vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag flowing out of the slag opening are added to the inner layer of the graphite-dolomite composite heat-insulating refractory to form a titanium-containing mixed slag, and the titanium-containing mixed slag is mixed
  • the slag is added with pulverized coal, vanadium-containing titanium steel slag and ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellets to form mixed slag.
  • the mixed slag temperature during mixing is 1430 ° C, and the slag is blown into the slag by using a refractory spray gun to make the mixed slag.
  • the temperature is raised to 1500 ° C, the mixed slag is heated to a molten state, and smelting reduction is carried out, and two parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1450 to 1650 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the mixed slag temperature after mixing is 1500 ⁇ 1555 ° C, within the set range;
  • the mixed slag basicity CaO/SiO 2 ratio after mixing is 0.83 to 0.84, which is within the set range;
  • titanium-containing blast furnace slag containing components and mass percentage thereof: 23.29 wt% TiO 2 , 21.48 wt% CaO, 7.56 wt% MgO, 11.13 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 2.76 wt% FeO, and 18.46 wt% SiO 2 , The balance is other impurities;
  • the preheated oxygen is sprayed into the mixed slag; wherein, the preheating temperature of the oxygen is 0 ° C, and the oxygen is injected into the slag by the refractory spray gun; during the blowing process, the Guarantee two parameters (a) and (b):
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1450 to 1650 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is 1540 to 1550 ° C, which is within the set range;
  • the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 in the mixed slag during the reaction is measured to be 0.83 to 0.85, which is within the set range;
  • vanadium-containing metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the vanadium-containing metal iron layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, ground and magnetically separated.
  • the remaining vanadium-containing metal iron; the metal iron recovery rate is 94%, and the total iron content in the tailings slag in this step is 0.487wt%;
  • tailings are separated by 2% dilute sulfuric acid at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2, and the phosphorus recovery rate is 80%.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag comprising the following steps:
  • the mixed slag temperature during mixing is 1410 ° C, using refractory spray gun to insert slag into the pulverized coal, and adding vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag to increase the temperature of the mixed slag
  • the mixed slag is heated to a molten state for smelting reduction, and two parameters of (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1450 to 1650 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the mixed slag temperature after mixing is 1480 ⁇ 1486 ° C, within the set range;
  • titanium-containing blast furnace slag containing components and mass percentage thereof: 20.73 wt% TiO 2 , 22.17 wt% CaO, 7.97 wt% MgO, 11.87 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 3.01 wt% FeO, and 17.39 wt% SiO 2
  • the balance is other impurities
  • the preheated air is sprayed into the mixed slag; wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 80 ° C; the air is blown into the slag by a refractory spray gun; during the blowing process, Guarantee two parameters (a) and (b):
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1450 to 1650 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is between 1510 and 1516 ° C, within the set range;
  • the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 in the mixed slag during the reaction is measured to be 0.64 to 0.69, which is within the set range;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag after reduction and oxidation is lowered to 1150 to 1250 ° C, and the mixed slag after reduction and oxidation in the middle and upper portions is water quenched and used as a cement raw material or a building material;
  • vanadium-containing metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the vanadium-containing metal iron layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, and the remaining content is separated by magnetic separation. Vanadium metal iron; metal iron recovery rate of 95%, the total iron content in the tailings slag of this step is 0.567wt%;
  • a method for smelting reduction production and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag comprising the following steps:
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the converter-containing vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag flowing out of the slag opening are added into the converter whose inner layer is the asphalt-magnesium composite thermal insulation refractory material to form the titanium-containing mixed slag, and is added to the titanium-containing mixed slag.
  • the mixed slag temperature during mixing is 1460 ° C
  • using refractory spray gun to insert slag into the pulverized coal the mixed slag is heated to 1500 ° C
  • the mixed slag is heated to a molten state, and is subjected to smelting reduction, and both parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the mixed slag temperature after mixing is 1500 ⁇ 1504 ° C, within the set range;
  • titanium-containing blast furnace slag containing components and mass percentage thereof: 10.30 wt% TiO 2 , 28.89 wt% CaO, 8.92 wt% MgO, 12.98 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 4.23 wt% FeO, and 22.74 wt% SiO 2
  • the balance is other impurities
  • the preheated oxygen is sprayed into the mixed slag; wherein the preheating temperature of the oxygen is 1200 ° C; the oxygen is injected into the slag by the refractory spray gun; during the blowing process, the Guarantee two parameters (a) and (b):
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the mixed slag temperature is 1527 ⁇ 1535 ° C, within the set range;
  • method D-2 is adopted for the treatment of slag outside the furnace:
  • blowing gas to the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction and oxidation, pre-heating oxygen; wherein, the preheating temperature of oxygen is 1200 ° C, the relationship between oxygen time and flow rate is 60 L / (min ⁇ kg);
  • the method of blowing oxygen is to put oxygen into the upper part of the slag by using a refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction and oxidation measured during the reaction is 1480 to 1490 ° C, which is within the set range;
  • the remaining low-valent titanium is oxidized to high-priced titanium during the reaction, and the remaining iron oxide is reduced to metallic iron;
  • the oxidized mixed slag is reduced and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a slow cooling slag;
  • the vanadium-containing metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the vanadium-containing metal iron layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, and the remaining vanadium is separated by magnetic separation.
  • the upper, middle and lower parts of the slow-cooling slag for removing iron slag and vanadium-containing metal iron layer are separated by gravity separation method, and the lower slow slag is coarsely selected through the chute, the shaker is selected once, and the sweep is selected twice.
  • the upper and middle sections are firstly selected by the chute, the shaker is selected once, and the sweeping is selected to separate the titanium-containing component from the gangue to obtain titanium concentrate, vanadium-rich medium ore and tailings, and TiO 2 in the titanium concentrate.
  • the mass fraction is 35.47%, the mass fraction of V 2 O 5 in the vanadium-rich medium ore is 9.18%, and the mass fraction of P 2 O 5 in the phosphorus-rich phase is 28%;
  • the tailings are made of phosphate fertilizer.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag comprising the following steps:
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the converter-containing vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag flowing out of the slag opening are added to the pourable thermal insulation slag tank whose inner layer is asphalt-spinel composite thermal insulation refractory material to form titanium-containing mixed slag,
  • the anthracite and ordinary iron concentrate pellets are added into the titanium-containing mixed slag to form mixed slag.
  • the slag temperature is 1400 ° C
  • the vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag is added to the mixed slag to increase the temperature of the mixed slag. Up to 1455 ° C, the mixed slag is heated to a molten state, smelting reduction, and two parameters of (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1450 to 1650 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the mixed slag temperature after mixing is 1455 ⁇ 1461 ° C, within the set range;
  • titanium-containing blast furnace slag containing components and mass percentage thereof: 4.26 wt% TiO 2 , 30.79 wt% CaO, 11.87 wt% MgO, 14.64 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 3.37 wt% FeO, and 26.19 wt% SiO 2
  • the balance is other impurities
  • the premixed oxygen-enriched air is sprayed into the mixed slag; wherein, the volume percentage of oxygen in the oxygen-enriched air is 30%, and the preheating temperature of the oxygen-enriched air is 500 ° C; the oxygen-enriched air is used
  • the refractory spray gun is inserted into the interior of the slag; during the blowing process, both parameters (a) and (b) are guaranteed by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is in the range of 1450 to 1650 ° C;
  • the mixed slag temperature is 1508 ⁇ 1517 ° C, within the set range;
  • the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 in the mixed slag during the reaction is determined to be 2.28 to 2.35, within the set range;
  • the mass fraction of the vanadium-containing titanium slag TiO 2 after reduction and oxidation is determined to be 8.5% ⁇ 10%, and the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction oxidation is directly cooled to be used as a cement raw material or a building material;
  • a method for smelting reduction production and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag comprising the following steps:
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the converter vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag which are discharged from the slag outlet are added to the reverberatory furnace whose inner layer is a carbon-silica composite thermal insulation refractory material to form a titanium-containing mixed slag, and is mixed into the titanium-containing mixed slag.
  • Adding pulverized coal, vanadium-titanium magnetite concentrate and ordinary iron concentrate ore to form mixed slag.
  • the slag temperature is 1400 °C.
  • the pulverized coal is inserted into the slag by refractory spray gun, and the mixed slag is heated to 1510 °C.
  • the mixed slag is heated to a molten state, and is subjected to smelting reduction, and both parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the mixed slag temperature after mixing is 1510 ⁇ 1518 ° C, within the set range;
  • titanium-containing blast furnace slag containing components and mass percentage thereof: 18.97 wt% TiO 2 , 22.39 wt% CaO, 10.46 wt% MgO, 13.89 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 3.17 wt% FeO, and 19.67 wt% SiO 2
  • the balance is other impurities
  • a preheated nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas is sprayed into the mixed slag; wherein, the volume percentage of nitrogen in the nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas is 50%, and the preheating temperature of the nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas is 100. °C; nitrogen-oxygen mixture gas is placed in the upper part of the slag by a refractory spray gun; during the blowing process, two parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the mixed slag temperature is 1535 ⁇ 1546 ° C, within the set range;
  • the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 in the mixed slag during the reaction is measured to be 1.10 to 1.15, within the set range;
  • a pre-heated nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas is sprayed into the reduced-oxidized vanadium-containing titanium slag; wherein the nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas has a volume percentage of nitrogen of 50%, and the nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas
  • the preheating temperature is 400 ° C, the relationship between the time of the nitrogen-oxygen mixture gas and the flow rate is 10 L / (min ⁇ kg); the blowing mode of the nitrogen-oxygen mixed gas is blown into the upper part of the slag by using a refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction and oxidation measured during the reaction is 1490-1496 ° C, within the set range;
  • the temperature of the reduced oxidized mixed slag is lowered to 1150 to 1250 ° C, and the mixed slag after reduction and oxidation in the middle and upper portions is air-cooled as a cement raw material or a building material;
  • the lower reduced oxidized mixed slag is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a slow cooling slag
  • the vanadium-containing metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the vanadium-containing metal iron layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, and the remaining vanadium is separated by magnetic separation.
  • the lower slow cooling slag is coarsely selected through the chute, the shaker is once selected, and the two sweeps are selected, which will include
  • the titanium component is separated from the gangue to obtain titanium concentrate, vanadium-rich medium ore and tailings.
  • the mass fraction of TiO 2 in the titanium concentrate is 60.52%, and the mass fraction of V 2 O 5 in the vanadium-rich medium ore is 8.87%. .
  • the mass fraction of P 2 O 5 in the phosphorus-rich phase of the tailings is 24%;
  • the tailings were separated by 2% dilute hydrochloric acid, and the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:2, and the phosphorus recovery was 86%.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag comprising the following steps:
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the electric furnace vanadium-containing titanium molten oxidized steel slag which are discharged from the slag outlet are added to the inner layer of the graphite-magnesium composite thermal insulation refractory ore to form a titanium-containing mixed slag, and the titanium-containing mixed slag is mixed
  • the slag is added with coke powder, vanadium-titanium magnet concentrate metallized pellets and ordinary iron concentrate carbon-containing pre-reduction pellets to form mixed slag.
  • the mixed slag temperature during mixing is 1420 ° C, and will be mixed by its own heating function.
  • the slag is heated to 1500 ° C, and the mixed slag is heated to a molten state for smelting reduction, and two parameters of (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the mixed slag temperature after mixing is 1500 ⁇ 1510 ° C, within the set temperature range;
  • titanium-containing blast furnace slag containing components and mass percentage thereof: 29.32 wt% TiO 2 , 20.03 wt% CaO, 10.17 wt% MgO, 14.63 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 3.97 wt% FeO, and 18.16 wt% SiO 2
  • the balance is other impurities
  • Vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag containing components and mass percentage thereof 2.56 wt% V 2 O 5 , TFe 18.74 wt%, 40.99 wt% CaO, 11.26 wt% SiO 2 , 3.98 wt% TiO 2 , 3.48 wt% MgO, 1.57 wt %MnO, 3.39wt% Al 2 O 3 , the balance is other impurities;
  • a preheated nitrogen-air mixture is sprayed into the mixed slag; wherein, the volume percentage of nitrogen in the nitrogen-air mixture is 60%, and the preheating temperature of the nitrogen-air mixture is 300. °C; nitrogen-air mixture gas is placed in the upper part of the slag by a refractory spray gun; during the blowing process, two parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the mixed slag temperature is 1548 ⁇ 1555 ° C, within the set range;
  • the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 in the mixed slag during the reaction is measured to be 0.77 to 0.79, which is within the set range;
  • a preheated nitrogen-air mixture gas is sprayed into the reduced-oxidized vanadium-containing titanium slag; wherein, the volume percentage of nitrogen in the nitrogen-air mixture is 60%, and the nitrogen-air mixture is pre-charged.
  • the thermal temperature is 1000 ° C, the relationship between the nitrogen-air mixture time and the flow rate is 100 L / (min ⁇ kg); the nitrogen-air mixture is sprayed by the refractory spray gun placed on the upper part of the slag;
  • the temperature of the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction and oxidation measured during the reaction is 1550-1560 ° C, within the set range;
  • the remaining low-valent titanium is oxidized to high-priced titanium during the reaction, and the remaining iron oxide is reduced to metallic iron;
  • the oxidized mixed slag is reduced and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a slow cooling slag;
  • the vanadium-containing metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the vanadium-containing metal iron layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, and the remaining vanadium is separated by magnetic separation.
  • the upper, middle and lower parts of the slow-cooling slag for removing iron slag and vanadium-containing metal iron layer are separated by gravity separation method, and the lower slow slag is coarsely selected through the chute, the shaker is selected once, and the sweep is selected twice.
  • the upper and middle sections are firstly selected by the chute, the shaker is selected once, and the sweeping is selected to separate the titanium-containing component from the gangue to obtain titanium concentrate, vanadium-rich medium ore and tailings, and TiO 2 in the titanium concentrate.
  • the mass fraction is 83.96%
  • the mass fraction of V 2 O 5 in the vanadium-rich medium ore is 7.97%
  • the mass fraction of P 2 O 5 in the phosphorus-rich phase is 17%;
  • the tailings were separated by 2% dilute hydrochloric acid, and the phosphorus pentoxide was separated by a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2, and the recovery was 70%.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag comprising the following steps:
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the electric furnace vanadium-containing titanium molten oxidized steel slag which are discharged from the slag outlet are added to an induction furnace whose inner layer is a graphite-magnesium composite thermal insulation refractory material to form a titanium-containing mixed slag to the titanium-containing mixed slag
  • the coke powder, vanadium-titanium magnet concentrate concentrate and vanadium-titanium magnet concentrate pellets are added to form mixed slag, and the temperature of the mixed slag is 1450 ° C during mixing, and the mixed slag is heated to 1500 by its own heating function. °C, the mixed slag is heated to a molten state, smelting reduction, and two parameters of (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the mixed slag temperature after mixing is 1500 ⁇ 1510 ° C, within the set temperature range;
  • titanium-containing blast furnace slag containing components and mass percentage thereof: 29.32 wt% TiO 2 , 20.03 wt% CaO, 10.17 wt% MgO, 14.63 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 3.97 wt% FeO, and 18.16 wt% SiO 2
  • the balance is other impurities
  • Vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag containing components and mass percentage thereof 2.56 wt% V 2 O 5 , TFe 18.74 wt%, 40.99 wt% CaO, 11.26 wt% SiO 2 , 3.98 wt% TiO 2 , 3.48 wt% MgO, 1.57 wt %MnO, 3.39wt% Al 2 O 3 , the balance is other impurities;
  • a preheated nitrogen-air mixture is injected into the mixed slag; wherein the nitrogen-air mixture
  • the volume percentage of nitrogen is 70%
  • the preheating temperature of the nitrogen-air mixture is 60 °C
  • the nitrogen-air mixture is placed in the upper part of the slag by a refractory spray gun; during the blowing process, the control is ensured (a) And (b) two parameters:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is 1538 to 1545 ° C, which is within the set range;
  • the ratio of alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 in the mixed slag during the reaction is measured to be 0.77 to 0.79, which is within the set range;
  • method D-2 is adopted for the treatment of slag outside the furnace:
  • blowing gas to the reduced-oxidized vanadium-containing titanium slag, after preheating the nitrogen-air mixture gas; wherein, the volume percentage of nitrogen in the nitrogen-air mixture is 70%, and the nitrogen-air mixture is pre-treated
  • the thermal temperature is 100 ° C
  • the relationship between the time of the nitrogen-air mixture and the flow rate is 60 L / (min ⁇ kg)
  • the blowing mode of the air is blown into the slag by using a refractory spray gun
  • the temperature of the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction and oxidation measured during the reaction is 1475 to 1480 ° C, which is within the set range;
  • the remaining low-valent titanium is oxidized to high-priced titanium during the reaction, and the remaining iron oxide is reduced to metallic iron;
  • the oxidized mixed slag is reduced and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a slow cooling slag;
  • the vanadium-containing metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the vanadium-containing metal iron layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, and the remaining vanadium is separated by magnetic separation.
  • the upper, middle and lower parts of the slow-cooling slag for removing iron slag and vanadium-containing metal iron layer are separated by gravity separation method, and the lower slow slag is coarsely selected through the chute, the shaker is selected once, and the sweep is selected twice.
  • the upper and middle sections are firstly selected by the chute, the shaker is selected once, and the sweeping is selected to separate the titanium-containing component from the gangue to obtain titanium concentrate, vanadium-rich medium ore and tailings, and TiO 2 in the titanium concentrate.
  • the mass fraction is 78.48%, the mass fraction of V 2 O 5 in the vanadium-rich medium ore is 7.48%, and the mass fraction of P 2 O 5 in the phosphorus-rich phase is 22%;
  • the tailings are 2% dilute phosphoric acid, and the phosphorus-phosphorus pentoxide is separated by a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2, and the recovery rate is 72%.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag comprising the following steps:
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the electric furnace vanadium-containing titanium molten oxidized steel slag which are discharged from the slag outlet are added to the alternating current arc furnace whose inner layer is carbon-dolomite composite heat preservation refractory material to form titanium-containing mixed slag to the titanium-containing
  • the mixed slag is added with pulverized coal and common steel slag to form mixed slag.
  • the mixed slag temperature during mixing is 1420 ° C.
  • the mixed slag is heated to 1520 ° C by its own heating function, and the mixed slag is heated to a molten state.
  • the smelting reduction is carried out, and both parameters (a) and (b) are ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the mixed slag temperature after mixing is 1520-1525 ° C, within the set temperature range;
  • titanium-containing blast furnace slag containing components and mass percentage thereof: 4.52 wt% TiO 2 , 25.87 wt% CaO, 9.92 wt% MgO, 16.08 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 6.33 wt% FeO, and 20.84 wt% SiO 2
  • the balance is other impurities
  • Vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag containing components and mass percentage thereof 0.77 wt% V 2 O 5 , TFe 17.60 wt%, 41.08 wt% CaO, 13.60 wt% SiO 2 , 5.89 wt% TiO 2 , 3.22 wt% MgO, 1.64 wt %MnO, 1.80wt% Al 2 O 3 , the balance is other impurities;
  • a preheated oxygen-argon mixture is sprayed into the mixed slag; wherein, the volume percentage of oxygen in the oxygen-argon mixture is 50%, and the oxygen-argon mixture is preheated.
  • the temperature is 200 ° C; the oxygen-argon mixture is blown into the upper part of the slag by a refractory spray gun; during the blowing process, two parameters (a) and (b) are simultaneously ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the mixed slag temperature is 1531 ⁇ 1540 ° C, within the set range;
  • the lowest CaO/SiO 2 ratio of mixed slag alkalinity is 0.50 ⁇ 0.6 during the reaction, and the dolomite powder is added to the mixed slag so that the ratio of CaO/SiO 2 of mixed slag basicity is 1.97 ⁇ 2.02. Within the setting range;
  • method D-2 is adopted for the treatment of slag outside the furnace:
  • a pre-heated oxygen-argon mixed gas is sprayed into the reduced-oxidized vanadium-containing titanium slag; wherein the oxygen-argon mixed gas is preheated at 800 ° C, and oxygen-argon is mixed.
  • the relationship between the gas time and the flow rate is 30 L/(min ⁇ kg); the injection mode of the oxygen-argon mixed gas is blown into the slag by using a refractory spray gun;
  • the temperature of the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction and oxidation measured during the reaction is 1520-1526 ° C, in the set range;
  • the reduced oxidized mixed slag is separated, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain vanadium-containing molten iron and the reduced-oxidized vanadium-containing titanium slag.
  • the total iron content in the slag is 0.878 wt%;
  • the mass fraction of TiO 2 in the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction oxidation was measured to be 9.5% ⁇ 10%, and the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction oxidation was directly quenched and used as a building material.
  • the vanadium-bearing molten iron is sent to the converter for steel making.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag comprising the following steps:
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the electric furnace vanadium-containing titanium molten oxidized steel slag which are discharged from the slag outlet are added to the plasma furnace containing the graphite-dolomite composite thermal insulation refractory material to form a titanium-containing mixed slag, and the titanium-containing mixed slag is mixed Adding coke breeze to the slag, The blast furnace soot and the converter soot form a mixed slag.
  • the mixed slag temperature during mixing is 1460 ° C.
  • the mixed slag is heated to 1508 ° C by its own heating function, and the mixed slag is heated to a molten state for smelting reduction. Regulation also guarantees two parameters (a) and (b):
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the mixed slag temperature after mixing is 1508 ⁇ 1510 ° C, within the set temperature range;
  • titanium-containing blast furnace slag containing components and mass percentage thereof: 4.52 wt% TiO 2 , 25.87 wt% CaO, 9.92 wt% MgO, 16.08 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 6.33 wt% FeO, and 20.84 wt% SiO 2
  • the balance is other impurities
  • Vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag containing components and mass percentage 0.37 wt% V 2 O 5 , TFe 17.60 wt%, 41.08 wt% CaO, 13.60 wt% SiO 2 , 5.89 wt% TiO 2 , 3.22 wt% MgO, 1.64 wt% MnO, 1.80wt% Al 2 O 3 , the balance is other impurities;
  • the preheated air-argon mixture is sprayed into the mixed slag; wherein, the volume fraction of the air-argon mixture argon is 40%, and the air-argon mixture is preheated.
  • the temperature is 600 ° C; the air-argon mixture is blown into the upper part of the slag by a refractory spray gun; during the blowing process, two parameters (a) and (b) are simultaneously ensured by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the mixed slag temperature is 1515 ⁇ 1520 ° C, within the set range;
  • the minimum CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the mixed slag basicity during the reaction is measured to be 1.73 ⁇ 1.80, which is within the set range;
  • method D-2 is adopted for the treatment of slag outside the furnace:
  • the preheated air is sprayed into the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction and oxidation; wherein the preheating temperature of the air is 800 ° C, and the relationship between the air time and the flow rate is 30 L / (min ⁇ kg); The air is blown by inserting a refractory spray gun into the interior of the slag;
  • the temperature of the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction and oxidation measured during the reaction is 1495-1500 ° C, in the set range;
  • the reduced oxidized mixed slag is separated, and the precipitated slag-gold is separated to obtain vanadium-bearing molten iron and reduced-oxidized vanadium-containing titanium slag.
  • the total iron content in the slag is 0.612 wt%;
  • the mass fraction of TiO 2 in the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction oxidation was measured to be 7.1% ⁇ 10%, and the vanadium-containing titanium slag after reduction oxidation was directly quenched and used as a building material.
  • a method for smelting reduction production and tempering treatment of titanium-containing mixed slag comprising the following steps:
  • the liquid molten titanium-containing blast furnace slag and the electric furnace vanadium-containing titanium molten oxidized steel slag which are discharged from the slag outlet are added into a plasma furnace whose inner layer is a bitumen-cold vanadium-containing titanium steel slag composite thermal insulation refractory material to form a titanium-containing mixed slag, Titanium mixed slag is added with pulverized coal, vanadium tailings and iron oxide scale to form mixed slag.
  • the slag temperature during mixing is 1490 ° C.
  • the mixing slag is heated to 1580 ° C by its own heating function, and the mixed slag is mixed. Heating to a molten state, performing smelting reduction, and simultaneously regulating two parameters (a) and (b) by regulation:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the control method is:
  • the mixed slag temperature after mixing is 1600 ⁇ 1610 ° C, within the set temperature range;
  • titanium-containing blast furnace slag containing components and mass percentage thereof: 30 wt% TiO 2 , 16.25 wt% CaO, 8.88 wt% MgO, 15.39 wt% Al 2 O 3 , 4.15 wt% FeO, and 16.77 wt% SiO 2 , The balance is other impurities;
  • Vanadium-containing titanium molten steel slag containing components and mass percentage thereof 6 wt% V 2 O 5 , TFe 16.62 wt%, 39.25 wt% CaO, 12.66 wt% SiO 2 , 6.3 wt% TiO 2 , 3.33 wt% MgO, 1.57 wt% MnO, 1.7 wt% Al 2 O 3 , the balance being other impurities;
  • the preheated oxygen is sprayed into the mixed slag; wherein the preheating temperature of the oxygen is 900 ° C; the oxygen is blown into the upper part of the slag by a refractory spray gun; At the same time guarantee two parameters (a) and (b):
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is set within the range of 1500 to 1650 ° C;
  • the mixed slag temperature is 1655 ⁇ 1660°C ⁇ 1650°C, and the vanadium-titanium magnet concentrate metallized pellet is added to the mixture to reduce the temperature of the mixed slag to 1600 ⁇ 1606°C. ;
  • the lowest CaO/SiO 2 ratio of the mixed slag basicity during the reaction is measured to be 2.3 to 2.45, within the set range;
  • the temperature of the reduced oxidized mixed slag is lowered to 1250 ° C, and the mixed slag after reduction and oxidation in the middle and upper portions is poured into air cooling to be used as a cement raw material;
  • the oxidized mixed slag is reduced and naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a slow cooling slag;
  • the vanadium-containing metal iron is settled to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron shovel, and the iron shovel is manually taken out; the vanadium-containing metal iron layer in the remaining slow slag is crushed to a particle size of 20-400 ⁇ m, and the remaining vanadium is separated by magnetic separation.
  • the upper, middle and lower parts of the slow-cooling slag for removing iron slag and vanadium-containing metal iron layer are separated by gravity separation method, and the lower slow slag is coarsely selected through the chute, the shaker is selected once, and the sweep is selected twice.
  • the upper and middle sections are firstly selected by the chute, the shaker is selected once, and the sweeping is selected to separate the titanium-containing component from the gangue to obtain titanium concentrate, vanadium-rich medium ore and tailings, and TiO 2 in the titanium concentrate.
  • the mass fraction is 60.05%, the mass fraction of V 2 O 5 in the vanadium-rich medium ore is 7.56%, and the mass fraction of P 2 O 5 in the phosphorus-rich phase is 28%;
  • the tailings were separated by 2% dilute sulfuric acid at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2, and the phosphorus recovery was 85%.

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Abstract

一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,包括以下步骤:1)向含钛混合熔渣加入还原剂、含钒钛矿物和/或含铁物料,加热至设定温度使混合熔渣为熔融状态,喷吹氧化性气体,进行熔融还原与氧化;过程中控制混合熔渣温度范围和碱度CaO/SiO2比值范围;2)根据反应装置不同进行分离回收。该方法实现混合熔渣中钛组分、铁组分、钒组分、磷组分与自由氧化钙组分高效回收,利用熔融还原炼铁工艺大规模处理固态含钒、钛、铁物料,生产高品位钛渣、富钒渣,同时实现熔渣调质处理,资源高效综合利用。

Description

一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法 技术领域
本发明属于非高炉炼铁与资源综合利用领域,具体涉及一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法。
背景技术
当今世界,高炉炼铁生产空前发展,高炉规模在不断扩大,高炉生产消耗下降,成本降低,仍然是钢铁生产的主力军,然而,随着世界环境气候的改变及环保要求的加强,高炉炼铁生产遇到巨大挑战,具体情况如下:
(1)高炉从原料预处理、球团厂、烧结厂、焦化厂、高炉炼铁,生产流程长,总投资十分庞大;
(2)对冶金焦的强烈依赖。随着焦煤资源的日益贫乏,冶金焦的价格越来越高,而储量丰富的廉价焦煤资源却不能在炼铁生产上充分应用。烧结矿、球团矿及焦煤的生产带来了严重的环境污染,越来越严格的环保要求使高炉炼铁技术受到限制;
(3)传统高炉还原时间长,尽管采用强化熔炼技术,但依赖强化熔炼工艺继续提高生产率受到极大限制;
(4)熔剂加入量大;
(5)难以处理低品位矿、多金属含铁共生矿。
为了改变高炉炼铁面临的困境,形成了不同形式的非高炉炼铁,目前,形成了以直接还原和熔融还原为主体的现代化非高炉炼铁工业体系。熔融还原法则以非焦煤为能源,在高温熔态下进行铁氧化物还原,渣铁能完全分离,其具有如下优点:(1)可以处理难选低品质铁矿、含铁复合矿、特殊矿,是资源综合利用的重要手段,原料资源选择范围广;(2)流程短,速度快,生产成本低,投资少;(3)环境污染小,更加清洁环保。
我国拥有丰富的钒钛磁铁矿资源,主要分布在攀西与承德地区。钒钛磁铁矿是铁、钒、钛、铬、磷、铜、镍、钴、钪、铌、锆、钇等多种有价元素共生的复合矿。我国采用“钒钛磁铁矿选矿-高炉炼铁-铁水吹钒渣-转炉炼钢”选冶工艺流程,钒渣-钠化或钙化焙烧工艺流程,实现了钒钛磁铁矿的大规模利用,并产生了含钛高炉渣、含钒钛钢渣、提钒尾渣等固体废弃物。
含钛高炉渣产生于钒钛磁铁矿的高炉炼铁过程。其TiO2含量为4~30%,含钒生铁含量为4~8%,五氧化二钒含量为0.1~0.5%,并含有铬、镓、钪等有价元素,含钛高炉渣是一种重要的二次资源。由高炉放出的含钛高炉熔渣温度高于等于1300℃,每年排放大量的物理热,因 此,含钛高炉熔渣也是重要的物理热资源。
含钒钛钢渣产生于钒钛磁铁矿的炼钢过程,其TiO2含量为,0.5~10%,金属铁含量为4~12%,铁氧化含量为10~35%,五氧化二钒含量为0.5~5%,五氧化二磷含量为0.2~6%,三氧化二铬含量为0.1~5%,并含有一定的自由氧化钙。含钒钛钢渣是一种重要的二次资源。含钒钛熔融钢渣温度高于等于1500℃,每年排放大量的物理热,因此,含钒钛熔融钢渣也是重要的物理热资源。
含钛高炉渣和含钒钛钢渣同属人造矿,含钛、钒、铁、磷、钙等物相分散细小,属难处理矿,其综合利用问题尚未得到高效解决。我国每年排放2000万吨以上含钛高炉渣,堆积已超过上亿吨含钛高炉渣。同时,每年排放700万吨以上含钒钢渣,堆积已超过2000万吨以上。大量含钛渣(含钛高炉渣与含钒钛钢渣)大量堆积,既浪费资源,又污染环境。
含钛高炉渣与含钒钛钢渣是重要的冶金资源,不仅含有铁、钒、钛、铬等有价组分,还含有大量的CaO、SiO2等冶金熔剂。国内外对含钛高炉渣与含钒钛钢渣的综合利用作了大量的研究,取得了一定成果,然而,很多方法尽管在技术上可行,但由于经济上,环境上不可行,至今尚不能用于工业应用和开发。
目前,科研工作者们对含钛高炉渣与含钒钛钢渣的综合利用研究如下:
一.含钛高炉渣的综合利用
包括碱法提钛、酸法提钛、制备含钛合金、含钛高炉渣碳氮化提钛、高温改性-析出-选矿分离等方法。
碱法提取钛碱耗量大,考虑回收钠盐将大大增加成本和全套工艺的复杂程度,钛的富集效果也并不十分理想,贫钛相中钛含量仍然较高、处理不当可能产生新的污染,同时高温下用碱处理高炉渣会产生较严重的空气污染和巨大的能耗等问题。
硫酸或盐酸法提取分离含钛高炉渣,酸的消耗量大,产生大量废酸和尾渣,严重污染环境。盐酸浸取自然冷却含钛高炉渣是一种利用含钛高炉渣的途径,然而,盐酸浸出后会产生大量浸出残渣,浸出残渣没有合适的用途,也就是说,盐酸浸出后又会产生新的废弃物。
由于同时需要钛和硅作为合金化剂的钢种很少,钛硅合金的应用范围窄,用量小,无法解决攀钢高炉渣数量大的问题,这是该技术方案难以实现产业化的关键所在。此外,还原残渣虽然具有潜在的水硬性,残钛量仍然较高,需要进一步降低其含量,但又可能造成成本太高。
含钛高炉渣碳氮化提钛是一种利用含钛高炉渣的途径,亦存在一些明显缺点,如电炉碳化电耗过高这一关键问题没有解决,电费占碳化渣总成本的70~80%以上,产生大量的氯化残渣,带来严重的二次污染,此外,还暴露出炉底以及某些冶炼炉有较严重的泡沫渣等问题, 生产难以连续。
用作建筑材料,水泥原料,但渣中TiO2含量≤10wt%,如果渣中TiO2含量>10wt%,将不能作为水泥原料。
针对含钛高炉渣利用的以上种种问题,本发明人曾在专利号为200610134260.3的“从含钛高炉渣中分离生产富钛料的方法”及专利号为201110072575.0的“一种用含钛高炉渣生产人造金红石的方法”中提出了两种利用含钛高炉渣的方法,尽管以上两种方法具有处理量大的特点,但是仍然存在如下缺点:
1.以上两个专利中的方法只能实现一种炉渣即含钛高炉熔渣的有效利用,化学活性低,温度低,处理成本高,铁、钛组分迁移、富集与长大效果差,回收率低,仅能实现铁、钛组回收利用,没有实现有价元素的有效富集;2.以上两个专利中的方法只能利用一种炉渣即含钛高炉熔渣,单一炉渣-含钛高炉渣熔渣温度低,需要补偿大量热,成本高,操作复杂;3.不能处理冷态含钛高炉渣;4.以上两个专利中均需要加入SiO2、CaO、CaF2等添加剂,在添加剂加入的过程中会使熔渣温度迅速下降,浪费了熔渣中的一部分热量,因此,需要补偿热量,浪费能源,增加成本,加大处理过程的复杂性;5.以上两种发明中采用的分离方法均为重选与浮选及湿法冶金的方式相结合的方法,浮选分离及湿法冶金分离过程容易造成环境污染。
二.含钒钛钢渣的综合利用
目前,含钛钢渣主要采用水淬工艺、钢渣“闷罐”处理工艺,磁选回收渣中金属铁,但回收率低,渣中剩余金属铁含量高达5%,该工艺仅考虑回收渣中金属铁,没有考虑回收渣中含量高达30%以上的铁氧化物。水淬工艺、钢渣“闷罐”处理工艺消耗大量水资源,产生腐蚀性热蒸汽、热量不能回收、水资源不能循环,大量热资源很难得到利用。同时,渣中游离CaO和MgO降低了钢渣体积的稳定,较高含量的铁氧化物增加了磨矿的难度,限制了钢渣的应用。含钒钛钢渣中钒组分的综合利用,还处在研究阶段,尚未有关于对于钛的回收利用。因此,含钒钛钢渣大量堆积,既污染环境,又浪费资源。
高炉液态熔融含钛高炉渣和含钒熔融钢渣,蕴含着丰富的热能资源,含有大量的热态冶金熔剂,而且含有较高含量的铁、钒、钛、铬、磷、钙等多种有价元素,是重要的二次资源。液态熔融含钛高炉渣为还原性熔渣,含钒熔融钢渣为氧化性熔渣,都是物理化学性质优良的熔渣体系,是冶金熟料。
基于此,针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明人曾在专利号为ZL201310290767.8“一种从含钛混合熔渣中分离铁钛钒钙的方法”中,提供一种从含钛混合熔渣(含钛高炉熔渣与含钒钛熔融钢渣)中分离铁钛钒钙的方法,该发明具有如下优点:(1)原料是出渣口中流出的液态熔融 含钛高炉渣(≥1300℃)和熔融钢渣(≥1500℃),具有高温度、高热量的特点,充分利用了熔渣物理热资源,高效节约能源;(2)由于液态熔融含钛高炉渣中具有高含量的自由氧化钙,液态熔融转炉钢渣中具有高含量的低价钛氧化物,在高温条件下具有高化学活性,容易实现钒、钛、铁、钙组分迁移与富集,可以同时回收混合熔渣中钛组分、铁组分、钒组分与自由氧化钙组分,达到二次资源高效综合回收,回收利用含钛高炉熔渣与含钒钛熔融钢渣物理热资源;(3)在后续的分离过程采用物理选矿(磁选或重选),分离的介质为水,水在选矿过程中可以循环,因而分离过程中不会产生环境污染,使得整个含钛混合熔渣工艺具有流程短、操作简单、铁、钒、钛、钙回收率高、无废水产生,具有高效、清洁、环保的特点;(4)重选分离获得的尾矿可作为生产高标号水泥的优质原料,整个处理过程无固体废弃物产生;(5)整个过程无需加入任何添加剂,无需任何热补偿,可操作性强,生产成本低。
尽管以上方法具有明显的特点,但是仍然存在如下缺点:(1)是热态熔渣(含钛高炉熔渣与含钒钛熔融钢渣)中钛、钒、钙组分的资源回收,是冶金固体废弃物的资源回收,属于二次资源综合利用领域,尽管钛、钒、钙组分回收率高,但热态熔渣中钛、钒、钙含量低,因此,回收的有价组分产量低,不能大量处理冷态含钒钛、含铁物料,大量生产钛、钒、钙产品,生产效率低,经济效益小,没有充分利用含钛高炉熔渣与含钒钛熔融钢渣蕴含的丰富热资源,没有充分利用含钛高炉熔渣具有的较强的还原性及含钒钛熔融钢渣具有的较强的氧化性,没有充分利用两种熔渣中高含量的热态冶金熔剂,没有充分利用每年排放量超过3000万吨两种熔渣本身所拥有的巨大热资源、总量巨大的高反应化学活性物质(还原态与氧化态)与热态熔剂;(2)含钛混合熔渣(含钛高炉熔渣与含钒钛熔融钢渣)中还原态物质氧化放热,熔渣温度过高,容易损坏保温脱模炉衬材料及罐体,使其寿命减少;(3)含钛混合熔渣(含钛高炉熔渣与含钒钛熔融钢渣)中还原态物质氧化放热,熔渣温度过高,混合熔渣中金属铁加速氧化为铁氧化物,金属铁的沉降减少,金属铁的回收率下降;(4)含钛混合熔渣还原态物质氧化放热,熔渣温度过高,造成大量热资源浪费;(5)金属铁回收率低,回收了混合熔渣中金属铁,没有考虑混合熔渣中铁氧化物的还原与回收;(6)以固态形式回收含钒金属铁,浪费物理热资源,生产效率低,成本高;(7)仅考虑了熔渣中单质钒的回收,没有回收熔渣中含钒氧化物;(8)没有控制熔渣氧势,混合熔渣中铁氧化部分还原,而且,部分铁重新氧化氧化,因此,渣中铁氧化物含量较高,难以磨矿;(9)富钛相没有实现沉降,铁氧化物含量高,矿物可磨性差,炉渣量大,磨矿、磁选与重选成本高;(10)没有回收磷组分;(11)熔渣没有进行调质处理,尾矿利用受到限制。
发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明提供一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法。该方法是一种用含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产含钒生铁或含钒钢、富钛渣、富钒渣、富磷相与熔渣调质处理的方法。本发明方法反应时间短、金属回收率高、生产成本低、原料适应性强、处理量大、环境友好、经济收益高、可有效解决多金属复合矿冶金资源与热能高效回收利用问题。
本发明含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,充分利用含钛混合熔渣的物理热资源和热态冶金熔剂,以及含钛高炉熔渣的还原性和与含钒钛熔融钢渣的氧化性,通过向含钛高炉熔渣与含钒钛熔融钢渣的混合熔渣中,加入还原剂、含钒钛矿物和/或含铁物料,加热熔融还原,喷吹氧化性气体,实现了熔融还原大规模处理含铁钒钛物料:①铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁,②钒组分迁移、富集于金属铁,渣-金分离,获得含钒铁水与含钒钛熔渣,含钒钛熔渣处理;③钛组分迁移、富集于富钛相,并实现长大与沉降,④钒组分分别迁移、富集于金属铁相与富钒相,并实现长大与沉降,⑤磷组分迁移、富集于Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2相,分布于富钛相界面;⑥自然冷却或旋转冷却后,采用人工分拣、重选与磁选结合的方法,取出沉降到底部的含钒金属铁坨、富钛渣、富钒渣,熔渣中铁氧化物、自由氧化钙与氧化镁消失,熔渣实现调质,尾矿可作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料和路材、磷肥等不同产品,或将含磷组分分离出来;本发明方法不仅实现混合熔渣中钛组分、铁组分、钒组分、磷组分与自由氧化钙组分的高效回收,而且实现了利用熔融还原炼铁工艺大规模处理固态含钒、钛、铁物料,生产高品位钛渣、富钒渣,同时实现熔渣调质处理,达到资源高效综合利用的目的,是一种新的熔融还原炼铁工艺。
具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,熔融还原:
(1)物料混合熔融:
将含钛混合熔渣加入保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置,向含钛混合熔渣中加入还原剂、含钒钛物料和/或含铁物料形成混合熔渣,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
调控方法为:
对应(a):
控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法为:
当混合熔渣的温度<设定温度范围下限时,通过反应装置自身的加热功能,或向混合熔 渣中加入燃料和/或含钒钛熔融钢渣,使混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内;
当混合熔渣的温度>设定温度范围上限时,向混合熔渣中加入含钒钛物料、含铁物料、含氟物料或含钛高炉熔渣中的一种或几种,使混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内;
对应(b):
当混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值<0.6时,向混合熔渣中加入石灰粉、白云石粉或生石灰粉中的一种或几种,使混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
当混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值>2.6时,向混合熔渣中加入硅石,使混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
其中:
设定温度范围为1450~1650℃;
当反应装置采用保温装置时,混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1450~1650℃;
当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时,混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1500~1650℃;
(2)喷吹氧化性气体:
向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后氧化性气体,氧化性气体的预热温度为0~1200℃;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
设定温度范围和调控方法同步骤1(1);
步骤2,分离回收:
采用以下方法中的一种:
一.当反应装置采用保温装置时,采用方法A、方法B或方法C:
当反应装置为可倾倒的保温装置或不可倾倒的保温装置时,采用方法A:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,冷却至室温,获得缓冷渣;
(2)含钒金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部,形成铁坨,人工取出铁坨;将剩余缓冷渣中含钒金属铁层,破碎至粒度为20~400μm,磨矿,磁选分离出剩余含钒金属铁;
(3)对去除铁坨和含钒金属铁层的缓冷渣上、中、下部,分别采用重力分选法进行分离,获得钛精矿、富钒精矿和尾矿;
(4)尾矿的回收利用有2种:①作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用;②采用湿法冶金、选矿方法或选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来。
仅当反应装置采用可倾倒的保温装置时,采用方法B或方法C:
方法B:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣的温度降温至1150~1250℃,将中部和上部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣倒出后,空冷或水淬,用作水泥原料或建筑材料;
(2)将下部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣,仍在可倾倒的保温装置中,作为方法A还原氧化后的混合熔渣进行处理;
方法C:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,获得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣;
(2)当还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣TiO2的质量分数≤10%时,直接将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒出后,空冷或水淬,用作水泥原料或建筑材料;
(3)将含钒铁水送往转炉炼钢;
二.当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时,采用方法D:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,获得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣;
(2)将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒入保温装置,进行炉外熔渣处理;
(3)将含钒铁水送往转炉提钒炼钢;
其中:
炉外熔渣处理的方法,采用方法D-1或方法D-2:
方法D-1:当还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中TiO2的质量分数≤10%时,直接将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣空冷或水淬,用作水泥原料或建筑材料;
方法D-2:将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒入保温装置,进行如下操作:
①喷吹气体:向还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,喷吹预热后氧化性气体;其中,氧化性气体的预热温度为0~1200℃,氧化性气体时间与流量的关系为1~105L/(min·kg);
②控制还原与氧化过程:
在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(d)、(e)和(f)三个参数:
(d)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度在设定温度1450~1650℃范围内;
(e)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
(f)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
对应(d):
采用步骤1中的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法;
对应(e):
当碱度不在设定范围内时,通过向还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中添加热态溶剂,使碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;其中,热态溶剂为含钛高炉熔渣和/或含钒钛熔融钢渣;
对应(f):
当还原性不足时,通过还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中添加还原剂,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
③分离回收方法采用方法A、方法B或方法C。
所述的步骤1(1)中,含钛混合熔渣由含钛高炉熔渣和含钒钛熔融钢渣组成。
上述的含钛高炉熔渣的温度≥1300℃,由高炉出渣口获得,含钛高炉熔渣,含有TiO2的质量分数为4~30%;上述的含钒钛熔融钢渣的温度≥1500℃,由钢渣出渣口获得,含有TiO2的质量分数为0.3~6%,含有V2O5的质量分数为0.3~5%。
所述的含钒钛熔融钢渣,为转炉含钒钛熔融钢渣或电炉含钒钛熔融氧化钢渣。
上述的的含钛混合熔渣:将出渣口中流出的高炉液态熔融含钛高炉渣和含钒钛熔融钢渣充分混合形成混合熔渣,高炉液态熔融含钛高炉渣和含钒钛熔融钢渣,不仅蕴含着丰富的热能资源,而且含有大量的热态冶金熔剂,液态熔融含钛高炉渣为还原性熔渣,含钒钛熔融钢渣为氧化性熔渣。
所述的保温装置为可倾倒的保温装置或不可倾倒的保温装置;不可倾倒的保温装置为保温地坑;其升高温度方法均为加入燃料。可倾倒的保温装置为可倾倒的保温渣罐;其升高温度方法为加入燃料。
所述的可倾倒的熔炼反应装置为可倾倒的转炉、可倾倒的熔炼反应渣灌或感应炉。
所述的固定式熔炼反应装置为底部带有渣口或铁口的反应装置;所述的固定式反应装置为等离子炉、直流电弧炉、交流电弧炉、矿热炉、鼓风炉或反射炉。
所述的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置内层为含碳保温脱模耐火材料;所述的含碳保温脱模耐火材料是含碳复合耐火材料,具体为碳是炭素、石墨、石油沥青焦、冶金焦、沥青、无烟煤、烟煤或褐煤中的一种或几种,耐火材料是硅质、半硅质、粘土质、高铝质、镁质、白云石质、橄榄石质、尖晶石质、冷态含钛高炉渣或冷态含钒钛钢渣中的一种或几种。所述的含碳保温脱模耐火材料的作用有两个:(1)保护保温装置,提高其寿命,(2)使冷却好的缓冷渣易于从保温装置中脱除。
所述的步骤1和步骤2中,还原剂为煤粉、焦粉、烟煤或无烟煤中的一种。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中,向混合熔渣中同时加入燃料和含钒钛熔融钢渣时,燃料和含钒钛熔融钢渣为任意比。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中,燃料的预热温度为0~1200℃,含 钒钛熔融钢渣的温度≥1500℃。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中,燃料采用喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣。所述的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣或置于熔渣上部或侧面吹入燃料。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中,燃料为煤粉。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中,当同时向混合熔渣中加入燃料和含钒钛熔融钢渣时,燃料和含钒钛熔融钢渣为任意比。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中,当混合熔渣的温度<设定温度范围下限时,向混合熔渣中加入燃料和/或含钒钛熔融钢渣,进行热量补偿。
本发明含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法中,所述的含钒钛物料是含钛高炉渣、含钒钛钢渣、提钒尾渣、选钛尾矿、低品位钒钛磁铁矿、钒钛磁铁精矿、钒钛磁铁矿直接还原铁,钒钛磁铁精矿金属化球团、钒钛磁铁精矿含碳预还原球团、钒钛磁铁精矿烧结矿、钒钛磁铁精矿球团矿中的一种或几种;含铁物料是普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿直接还原铁,普通铁精矿烧结矿、普通铁精矿球团矿、普通铁精矿金属化球团、普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团、普通钢渣、高炉瓦斯灰、高炉烟尘、转炉烟尘、氧化铁皮、湿法炼锌过程的锌浸出渣、氧化铝生产过程产生的赤泥、煤粉灰、硫酸烧渣中的一种或几种;含氟物料是萤石和/或CaF2
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中,含钒钛物料、含铁物料和含氟物料均为球团或粉状物料;其中,粉状物料的粒度≤150μm,粉状物料以喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣,载入气体为空气、氩气、氮气-空气混合气、氮气-氧气混合气或空气-氩气混合气。所述的喷吹方式采用耐火喷枪以喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中,当混合熔渣的温度>设定温度上限时,加入含钒钛物料、含铁物料、含氟物料或含钛高炉熔渣中的一种或几种,目的是避免温度过高,保护含碳保温脱模耐火材料,抑制高炉熔渣中含钒生铁、含钒钛熔融钢渣中含钒粒铁及被还原的金属铁的氧化,提高金属铁的回收率。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中,当混合熔渣的温度>设定温度上限时,加入含氟物料的另一个作用是降低粘度,加速熔渣中含钒金属铁、富钛相、富钒相、富磷相的聚集、长大与沉降。
所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中,加入冷态含钒钛物料、含铁物料、含氟物料、含钛高炉熔渣中的一种或几种,降低温度,在喷出气体过程中保证剩余低价钛(Ti2+,Ti3+)充分氧化为高价钛(Ti4+),保证混合熔渣中剩余高价铁(Fe3+,Fe2+)被充分还原为金属铁Fe,保证熔渣中金属铁颗粒不被氧化。
所述的步骤1(1)中,含钛混合熔渣、还原剂、含钒钛矿物和含铁物料混合过程中,混合 熔渣中低价钛(Ti2+,Ti3+)氧化为高价钛(Ti4+),高价铁(Fe3+,Fe2+)被还原为低价铁(Fe与Fe2+)。
所述的氧化性气体是空气、氧气、富氧空气、氮气-氧气混合气、氮气-空气混合气、氧气-氩气混合气或空气-氩气混合气中的一种。所述氧化性气体的预热温度因气体不同而异。
所述的氧化性气体采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣或置于熔渣上部或侧面吹入氧化性气体。
所述的氧化性气体,喷吹时间与流量依熔渣质量、温度及还原氧化程度来确定。
所述的步骤1(2)中,调节混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值,向混合熔渣中加入石灰粉、白云石粉或生石灰粉中的二种或三种的混合物时,为任意比。
所述的步骤1(2)熔融还原与氧化过程中,控制混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6,即为控制氧势,熔渣中的钛组分保持高价(TiO2),铁氧化物熔融还原为金属铁,钒氧化物还原为单质钒,迁移、富集于金属铁相,熔渣中夹杂的含钒金属铁水与还原的含钒铁水,形成含钒铁水;控制熔渣氧位,低价钛离子充分氧化为高价钛(Ti4+)。
所述的步骤2,方法A(1)中,冷却方式为自然冷却或旋转冷却。
所述的步骤2,方法A(1)中,旋转冷却的具体操作为:装有氧化还原后的混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上,按照一定速度进行旋转,旋转速度依熔渣质量与保温装置高度或深度而定,旋转时间依熔渣质量与熔渣凝固情况而定;将装有氧化还原后的混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上旋转,目的是加速金属铁、富钛相、富钒相的聚集、长大与沉降,缩短沉降时间,改善沉降效果,提高生产效率。
所述的步骤2,方法A(1)中,由于密度不同与矿物大小不同,大部分含钒金属铁、含钛组和含钒组分沉降于底部。
所述的步骤2,方法A(1)中,含氧化还原后的混合熔渣中钛组分继续迁移、富集于富钛相,并实现长大与沉降;含氧化还原后的混合熔渣中继续钒组分分别迁移、富集于金属铁相与富钒氧化物相,并实现长大与沉降;含氧化还原后的混合熔渣中磷组分继续迁移、富集于Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2相,分布于富钛相与其它矿物相的两相之间的相界面;氧化还原后的混合熔渣中铁氧化物、自由氧化钙与自由氧化镁消失,熔渣实现调质。
所述的步骤2,方法A(3)中,重力分选法是摇床分选、溜槽分选或者二者相结合。
所述的步骤2,方法A(4)中,湿法冶金是稀酸浸出法,其中稀酸浸出法是无机酸浸、有机酸浸中的一种。所述的无机酸选用硫酸、盐酸、磷酸的一种或多种,有机酸选用草酸、乙酸、柠檬酸中的一种或多种;
所述的步骤2,方法A(1)中,在冷却过程中,含钒生铁聚集、长大并沉降到底部,熔渣中钛组分迁移、富集于富钛相,并实现长大与沉降,混合熔渣中剩余钒组分迁移、富集于富钒相,并实现长大与沉降,混合熔渣中磷组分迁移、富集于Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2相,分布于富 钛相与其它矿物相的两相之间的相界面,熔渣中铁氧化物、自由氧化钙与氧化镁消失,熔渣实现调质。
所述的步骤2,所述方法A中,金属铁回收率为90~97%,钛精矿中TiO2的质量分数为35~90%,钛的回收率为60~80%;所述方法B中,金属铁回收率为90~95%;钛精矿中TiO2的质量分数为35~90%,钛的回收率为58~78%。
所述步骤2方法D中,加入热态熔剂或还原剂,控制熔渣氧势,熔渣中剩余铁氧化物进一步熔融还原为金属铁,钒氧化物还原为单质钒迁移、富集于金属铁相,熔渣中夹杂的含钒金属铁与还原的金属铁实现聚集、长大与沉降;控制熔渣氧位,剩余低价钛充分氧化为高价钛(Ti4+);所述加入还原剂是当熔渣还原性不足时,加入还原剂;所述加入热态熔剂是依据熔渣碱度、粘度、熔化性温度与氧势而定。
所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产与调质处理的方法,调质过程是从原料混合开始直至分离回收过程一直在持续发生,熔渣中的自由氧化钙和自由氧化镁消失,铁氧化物与金属铁消失或几乎消失,熔渣实现调质。
本发明含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法与现有技术相比,本发明的特点是:
本发明充分利用含钛混合熔渣的物理热资源和热态冶金熔剂,以及含钛高炉熔渣的还原性和与含钒钛熔融钢渣的氧化性,通过向含钛高炉熔渣与含钒钛熔融钢渣的混合熔渣中,加入还原剂、含钒钛矿物和/或含铁物料,加热熔融还原,喷吹氧化性气体,熔融还原处理大宗固态含钒、钛、铁物料,不仅实现了混合熔渣中铁氧化物的熔融还原炼铁,而且实现了大宗固态含钒、钛、铁物料的熔融还原炼铁,控制氧势,熔渣中的钛组分在氧化气氛下得到充分氧化,铁氧化物得到充分还原为金属铁,渣-金分离,得到含钒铁水与钒钛熔渣;
经钒钛熔渣处理,含钒钛熔渣中夹杂的含钒生铁及继续被还原的金属铁开始聚集、长大,当接近一定尺寸后,开始沉降,大部分沉降到渣坨底部,形成整块铁锭;喷吹气体结束后,混合熔渣中钛组分迁移、富集于富钛相,并实现长大与沉降,单质钒组分迁移、富集于金属铁相,低价钒氧化物富集于富钒相,并实现长大与沉降,磷组分迁移、富集于Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2相,赋存于富钛相界面;熔渣冷却后,将缓冷渣与沉降的铁锭分离,回收含钒金属铁,同时采用磁选分离渣坨底部剩余的含钒金属铁,实现了含钛高炉熔渣中含钒生铁、含钒钛熔融钢渣中含钒粒铁及铁氧化物中铁的高效回收,金属铁回收率高;由于富钛相、富钒相沉降在下部,因此,需分选炉渣量小,磨矿、磁选与重选成本低,同时,赋存于富钛相界面的富磷相有助于富钛相相解离与选矿;不仅实现了渣中单质钒的回收,而且实现了含钒氧化物的富集、长大、沉降与分离;自由氧化钙与自由氧化镁消失,金属铁与铁氧化物几乎消失,熔渣实现调质,尾矿利用限制因素消失,尾矿的回收利用有2种:①作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替 碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用;②采用湿法冶金、选矿方法或选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来。尾矿利用价值大,应用范围广;
本发明不仅实现了混合熔渣中铁、钒、钛、钙、磷组分的高效回收,而且实现了利用熔融还原大规模处理固态含钒、钛、铁物料,生产含钒铁水、富钛渣、富钒渣与富磷相,是一种新的熔融还原炼铁工艺。
本发明方法可连续或间断的进行,满足了工业生产的需要。
本发明的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,有益效果是:
(1)本发明方法中反应装置内层使用含碳保温脱模耐火材料,不仅保护了保温装置,而且使冷却后的缓冷渣易于从保温装置中脱除;
(2)本发明的原料是出渣口中流出的液态熔融含钛高炉渣(≥1300℃)和转炉含钒熔融钢渣(≥1500℃),蕴含着丰富的热能资源,具有高温度、高热量的特点,充分利用了熔渣物理热资源,高效节约能源;液态熔融含钛高炉渣与含钒熔融钢渣含有大量的热态冶金熔剂,都是物理化学性质优良的熔渣体系,实现了冶金资源与热资源的高效利用;液态熔融含钛高炉渣为还原性熔渣,转炉含钒熔融钢渣为氧化性熔渣,充分利用了两种熔渣高反应化学活性的特点;通过两种熔渣混合实现了熔融还原与氧化,喷吹氧化性气体,控制氧势,不仅使含钛高炉熔渣中含钒生铁与含钒钛熔融钢渣中含钒粒铁聚集、长大与沉降,而且使含钒钛熔融钢渣中铁氧化物充分还原为金属铁,实现聚集、长大与沉降;
(3)本发明方法不仅实现了混合熔渣中铁氧化物熔融还原炼铁,而且实现了利用熔融还原大规模处理固态含钒、钛、铁物料,是一种新的熔融还原炼铁工艺;
(4)本发明方法中加入冷态物料与热熔融含钛高炉渣避免了熔渣温度过高,保护含碳保温脱模耐火材料,提高保温装置的寿命;抑制含钛高炉熔渣中含钒生铁、含钒钛熔融钢渣中含钒粒铁及被还原的金属铁的氧化,提高金属铁的回收率;加入冷态物料与热熔融含钛高炉渣提高了原料处理量,不仅可以处理液态熔渣,而且可以处理少量冷态物料,原料适应性强;加入冷态物料实现了熔渣氧化反应释放的化学热与熔渣物理热的高效利用;
(5)本发明方法熔渣混合实现了熔融还原与氧化,喷吹氧化性气体,控制氧势,低价钛充分氧化为高价钛,混合熔渣中钛组分迁移、富集于富钛相,并实现长大与沉降;两种熔渣混合实现了熔融还原与氧化,喷吹氧化性气体,控制氧势,钒氧化物充分还原为单质钒与低价钒,迁移、富集于金属铁相与富钒相,并长大与沉降,不仅实现了了熔渣中单质钒的回收,而且熔渣中含钒氧化物的富集、长大与沉降;混合熔渣中磷组分迁移、富集于Ca2SiO4-Ca3(PO4)2相,分布于富钛相与其它矿物相的两相之间的相界面,利于选矿分离;
(6)本发明方法自然冷却过程中,熔渣中铁组分、钛组分、钒组分与磷组分分别迁移、 富集于含钒金属铁、富钛相、富钒相、富磷相,并实现聚集、长大与沉降;装有熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上旋转,加速含钒金属铁、富钛相、富钒相、富磷相的聚集、长大与沉降,缩短沉降时间,改善沉降效果,提高生产效率;含氟物料的加入,加速含钒金属铁、富钛相、富钒相、富磷相的聚集、长大与沉降,缩短沉降时间,改善沉降效果;
(7)本发明方法处理过的原料中自由氧化钙与自由氧化镁消失,金属铁与铁氧化物几乎消失,熔渣中自由氧化钙与氧化镁消失,熔渣实现调质,矿物可磨性增加;
(8)本发明方法采用人工分拣、磁选与重选结合的方法,分离沉降在底部的含钒金属铁、富钒相、富钛相,实现混合熔渣中钛组分、铁组分、钒组分、磷组分与自由氧化钙组分的高效回收;由于富钛相、含钒金属铁、富钒相沉降在底部,因此,需分选炉渣量小,磨矿、磁选与重选成本低;后续的分离过程采用物理选矿(磁选或重选),分离的介质为水,水在选矿过程中可以循环,因而分离过程中不会产生环境污染,使得整个含钛混合熔渣工艺具有流程短、操作简单、铁、钒、钛、钙回收率高、无废水产生,具有高效、清洁、环保的特点;由于熔渣经过调质处理,尾矿可作为水泥原料或建筑材料或代替碎石作骨料和路材或磷肥或采用冶金方法将含磷组分分离出来,尾矿利用价值大,应用范围广;
(9)本发明方法整个过程无需热补偿或需少量热补偿,可操作性强,生产成本低;
(10)本发明充分利用含钛混合熔渣的物理热资源和热态冶金熔剂,以及含钛高炉熔渣的还原性和与含钒钛熔融钢渣的氧化性,实现了利用熔融还原大规模处理固态含钒、钛、铁物料,生产含钒铁水,钒钛熔渣中铁组分、钛组分、钒组分与磷组分分别迁移、富集于含钒金属铁、富钛相、富钒相、富磷相,并实现聚集、长大与沉降,不仅实现混合熔渣中钛组分、铁组分、钒组分、磷组分与自由氧化钙组分的高效回收,而且实现了利用熔融还原炼铁工艺大规模处理固态含钒、钛、铁物料,生产高品位钛渣、富钒渣,同时实现熔渣调质处理,达到资源高效综合利用的目的,是一种新的熔融还原炼铁工艺。本发明方法反应时间短、金属回收率高、生产成本低、原料适应性强、处理量大、环境友好、经济收益高、可有效解决多金属复合矿冶金资源与热能高效回收利用问题。
附图说明
图1本发明实施例的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法的工艺流程图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法的工艺流程图如图1所示。
以下实施例中涉及到的固液比,是指尾矿的质量与浸出液的体积比,单位为g:L。
实施例1
一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,熔融还原:
(1)物料混合熔融:
将出渣口中流出的液态熔融含钛高炉渣和转炉含钒钛熔融钢渣加入到内层为石墨-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的保温地坑中形成含钛混合熔渣,向含钛混合熔渣中加入煤粉、含钒钛钢渣和普通铁精矿金属化球团形成混合熔渣,混合时的混合熔渣温度为1430℃,采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣吹入煤粉,使混合熔渣的温度升高至1500℃,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1450~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
调控方法为:
对应(a):
混合后的混合熔渣温度为1500~1555℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):
混合后的混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.83~0.84,在设定范围内;
其中:含钛高炉渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:23.29wt%TiO2、21.48wt%CaO、7.56wt%MgO、11.13wt%Al2O3、2.76wt%FeO和18.46wt%SiO2,余量为其他杂质;
含钒钛熔融钢渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:3.131wt%V2O5、TFe20.79wt%、40.10wt%CaO、10.31wt%SiO2、5.70wt%TiO2、2.12wt%MgO、1.16wt%MnO、1.38wt%Al2O3,余量为其他杂质;
(2)喷吹氧化性气体:
向混合熔渣中,向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后氧气;其中,氧气的预热温度为0℃,氧气采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣内部吹入;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1450~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
对应(a):测得反应过程中,混合熔渣温度为1540~1550℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):测得反应过程中混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.83~0.85,在设定范围内;
步骤2,分离回收采用方法A:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,自然冷却至室温,获得缓冷渣;
(2)含钒金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部,形成铁坨,人工取出铁坨;将剩余缓冷渣中含钒金属铁层,破碎至粒度为20~400μm,磨矿,磁选分离出剩余含钒金属铁;金属铁回收率94%,本步骤尾矿渣中全铁含量0.487wt%;
(3)对去除铁坨和含钒金属铁层的缓冷渣上、中、下部,分别采用重力分选法进行分离,下部缓冷渣经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,两次扫选,上、中部经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,一次扫选,将含钛组分与脉石相分离,得到钛精矿、富钒中矿和尾矿,钛精矿中TiO2的质量分数为53.8.41%,富钒中矿中V2O5的质量分数为8.95%,富磷相中P2O5的质量分数为30%;
(4)尾矿采用2%稀硫酸,按固液比1∶2,将五氧化二磷分离出来,磷的回收率为80%。
实施例2
一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,熔融还原:
(1)物料混合熔融:
将出渣口中流出的液态熔融含钛高炉渣和转炉含钒钛熔融钢渣加入到石墨-硅质复合保温耐火材料的可倾倒的保温渣罐中形成含钛混合熔渣,向含钛混合熔渣中加入焦粉和萤石形成混合熔渣,混合时的混合熔渣温度为1410℃,采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣吹入煤粉,并加入含钒钛熔融钢渣,使混合熔渣的温度升高至1480℃,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1450~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
调控方法为:
对应(a):
混合后的混合熔渣温度为1480~1486℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):
混合后的混合熔渣碱度最高CaO/SiO2比值=2.8>2.6,向混合熔渣中加入硅石,使混合后的混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.64~0.66,在设定范围内;
其中:含钛高炉渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:20.73wt%TiO2、22.17wt%CaO、7.97wt%MgO、11.87wt%Al2O3、3.01wt%FeO、和17.39wt%SiO2,余量为其他杂质;
含钒钛熔融钢渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:2.27wt%V2O5、TFe19.87wt%、41.07wt%CaO、11.93wt%SiO2、4.21wt%TiO2、3.57wt%MgO、1.26wt%MnO、1.19wt%Al2O3,余量为其他杂质;
(2)喷吹氧化性气体:
向混合熔渣中,向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后空气;其中,空气的预热温度为80℃;空气采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣内部吹入;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1450~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
对应(a):测得反应过程中,混合熔渣温度为1510~1516℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):测得反应过程中混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.64~0.69,在设定范围内;
步骤3,分离回收采用方法B:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣的温度降温至1150~1250℃,将中部和上部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣水淬,用作水泥原料或建筑材料;
(2)将下部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣,仍在内层为石墨-硅质复合保温耐火材料的可倾倒的反应渣罐中,进行如下操作:
①将下部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣,自然冷却至室温,获得缓冷渣;
②含钒金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部,形成铁坨,人工取出铁坨;将剩余缓冷渣中含钒金属铁层,破碎至粒度为20~400μm,磨矿,磁选分离出剩余含钒金属铁;金属铁回收率95%,本步骤尾矿渣中全铁含量0.567wt%;
③对去除铁坨和含钒金属铁层的下部缓冷渣,经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,两次扫选,上、中部经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,一次扫选,将含钛组分与脉石相分离,得到钛精矿、富钒中矿和尾矿,钛精矿中TiO2的质量分数为85.59%,富钒中矿中V2O5的质量分数为8.41%,富磷相中P2O5的质量分数为21%;
④尾矿采用2%稀硫酸,按固液比1∶2将五氧化二磷分离出来,回收率为71%。
实施例3
一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,熔融还原:
(1)物料混合熔融:
将出渣口中流出的液态熔融含钛高炉渣和转炉含钒钛熔融钢渣加入到内层为沥青-镁质复合保温耐火材料的转炉中形成含钛混合熔渣,向含钛混合熔渣中加入烟煤、普通铁精矿、和普通铁精矿直接还原铁形成混合熔渣,混合时的混合熔渣温度为1460℃,采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣吹入煤粉,将混合熔渣加热至1500℃,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
调控方法为:
对应(a):混合后的混合熔渣温度为1500~1504℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):混合后的混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=2.89~2.92,在设定范围内;
其中:含钛高炉渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:10.30wt%TiO2、28.89wt%CaO、8.92wt%MgO、12.98wt%Al2O3、4.23wt%FeO、和22.74wt%SiO2,余量为其他杂质;
含钒钛熔融钢渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:1.13wt%V2O5、TFe17.64wt%、43.71wt%CaO、12.63wt%SiO2、4.41wt%TiO2、3.64wt%MgO、1.00wt%MnO、1.42wt%Al2O3,余量为其他杂质;
(2)喷吹氧化性气体:
向混合熔渣中,向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后氧气;其中,氧气的预热温度为1200℃;氧气采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣内部吹入;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
对应(a):测得反应过程中,混合熔渣温度为1527~1535℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):测得反应过程中混合熔渣碱度最低CaO/SiO2比值=0.55<0.6,向混合熔渣中加入石灰粉,使混合熔渣碱度降低到CaO/SiO2比值=2.47~2.56,在设定范围内;
步骤3,分离回收采用方法D:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣;
(2)将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒入内层为焦油-冷态含钒钛钢渣质保温地坑,倒入时熔渣温度为1440℃,进行炉外熔渣处理;
(3)将含钒铁水送往转炉提钒炼钢;
其中,炉外熔渣处理采用方法D-2:
①喷吹气体:向还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,喷吹预热后氧气;其中,氧气的预热温度为1200℃,氧气时间与流量的关系为60L/(min·kg);氧气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪置于熔渣上部吹入氧气;
②控制还原与氧化过程:
在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(d)、(e)和(f)三个参数:
(d)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度在设定温度1450~1650℃范围内;
(e)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
(f)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
对应(d):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度为1480~1490℃,在设定范围;
对应(e):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值2.38~2.45,在设定范围;
对应(f):反应过程中剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
③分离回收方法采用方法A:
将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,自然冷却至室温,获得缓冷渣;
含钒金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部,形成铁坨,人工取出铁坨;将剩余缓冷渣中含钒金属铁层,破碎至粒度为20~400μm,磨矿,磁选分离出剩余含钒金属铁;金属铁回收率94%,本步骤尾矿渣中全铁含量0.728wt%;
对去除铁坨和含钒金属铁层的缓冷渣上、中、下部,分别采用重力分选法进行分离,下部缓冷渣经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,两次扫选,上、中部经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,一次扫选,将含钛组分与脉石相分离,得到钛精矿、富钒中矿和尾矿,钛精矿中TiO2的质量分数为35.47%,富钒中矿中V2O5的质量分数为9.18%,富磷相中P2O5的质量分数为28%;
尾矿采用磷肥。
实施例4
一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,熔融还原:
(1)物料混合熔融:
将出渣口中流出的液态熔融含钛高炉渣和转炉含钒钛熔融钢渣加入到内层为沥青-尖晶石质复合保温耐火材料的可倾倒的保温渣罐中形成含钛混合熔渣,向含钛混合熔渣中加入无烟煤和普通铁精矿球团矿形成混合熔渣,混合时混合熔渣温度为1400℃,向混合熔渣中加入含钒钛熔融钢渣,使混合熔渣的温度升高至1455℃,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1450~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
调控方法为:
对应(a):混合后的混合熔渣温度为1455~1461℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):混合后的混合熔渣碱度最低值CaO/SiO2比值=0.58<0.6,向混合熔渣中加入生石灰,使混合后的混合熔渣碱度最低值CaO/SiO2比值=2.27~2.30,在设定范围内;
其中:含钛高炉渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:4.26wt%TiO2、30.79wt%CaO、11.87wt%MgO、14.64wt%Al2O3、3.37wt%FeO、和26.19wt%SiO2,余量为其他杂质;
含钒钛熔融钢渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:2.14wt%V2O5、TFe22.31wt%、40.73wt%CaO、11.79wt%SiO2、2.39wt%TiO2、1.89wt%MgO、2.14wt%MnO、3.29wt%Al2O3, 余量为其他杂质;
(2)喷吹氧化性气体:
向混合熔渣中,向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后富氧空气;其中,富氧空气中氧气的体积百分比为30%,富氧空气的预热温度为500℃;富氧空气采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣内部吹入;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1450~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
对应(a):测得反应过程中,混合熔渣温度为1508~1517℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):测得反应过程中混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=2.28~2.35,在设定范围内;
步骤3,分离回收采用方法C:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣;
(2)测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣TiO2的质量分数=8.5%≤10%,直接将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣空冷,作水泥原料或建筑材料;
(3)将含钒铁水送往转炉炼钢。
实施例5
一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,熔融还原:
(1)物料混合熔融:
将出渣口中流出的液态熔融含钛高炉渣和转炉含钒钛熔融钢渣加入到内层为碳-硅石质复合保温耐火材料的反射炉中形成含钛混合熔渣,向含钛混合熔渣中加入煤粉、钒钛磁铁精矿和普通铁精矿烧结矿形成混合熔渣,混合时混合熔渣温度为1400℃,采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣吹入煤粉,将混合熔渣加热至1510℃,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
调控方法为:
对应(a):混合后的混合熔渣温度为1510~1518℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):混合后的混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=1.09~1.11,在设定范围内;
其中:含钛高炉渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:18.97wt%TiO2、22.39wt%CaO、10.46wt%MgO、13.89wt%Al2O3、3.17wt%FeO、和19.67wt%SiO2,余量为其他杂质;
含钒钛熔融钢渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为0.98wt%V2O5、TFe19.22wt%、 42.01wt%CaO、11.69wt%SiO2、4.19wt%TiO2、3.17wt%MgO、1.03wt%MnO、3.19wt%Al2O3,余量为其他杂质;
(2)喷吹氧化性气体:
向混合熔渣中,向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后氮气-氧气混合气;其中,氮气-氧气混合气中氮气的体积百分比为50%,氮气-氧气混合气的预热温度为100℃;氮气-氧气混合气采用耐火喷枪置于熔渣上部吹入;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
对应(a):测得反应过程中,混合熔渣温度为1535~1546℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):测得反应过程中混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=1.10~1.15,在设定范围内;
步骤3,分离回收采用方法D:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣;
(2)将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒入内层为石油沥青焦-硅质复合保温耐火材料保温渣灌,倒入时熔渣温度为1460℃,进行炉外熔渣处理;
(3)将含钒铁水送往转炉提钒炼钢;
其中:
炉外熔渣处理的方法,采用方法D-2:
①喷吹气体:向还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,喷吹预热后氮气-氧气混合气;其中,氮气-氧气混合气中氮气的体积百分比为50%,氮气-氧气混合气的预热温度为400℃,氮气-氧气混合气时间与流量的关系为10L/(min·kg);氮气-氧气混合气体的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪置于熔渣上部吹入;
②控制还原与氧化过程:
在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(d)、(e)和(f)三个参数:
(d)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度在设定温度1450~1650℃范围内;
(e)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
(f)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
对应(d):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣温度为1490~1496℃,在设定范围内;
对应(e):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=1.02~1.08,在设定范围内;
对应(f):反应过程中还原性不足,采用耐火喷枪置于熔渣上部吹入焦粉,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
③分离回收方法采用方法B:
将还原氧化后的混合熔渣的温度降温至1150~1250℃,将中部和上部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣空冷,作水泥原料或建筑材料;
(2)将下部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣,倒入内层为油沥青焦-硅质复合保温耐火材料保温渣灌中,进行如下操作:
将下部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣,自然冷却至室温,获得缓冷渣;
含钒金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部,形成铁坨,人工取出铁坨;将剩余缓冷渣中含钒金属铁层,破碎至粒度为20~400μm,磨矿,磁选分离出剩余含钒金属铁;金属铁回收率96%以上,本步骤尾矿渣中全铁含量0.519wt%;
对去除铁坨和含钒金属铁层的缓冷渣,由于大部分富钛相沉积在底部,故对下部缓冷渣经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,两次扫选,将含钛组分与脉石相分离,得到钛精矿、富钒中矿和尾矿,钛精矿中TiO2的质量分数为60.52%,富钒中矿中V2O5的质量分数为8.87%。尾矿富磷相中P2O5的质量分数为24%;
尾矿采用2%稀盐酸,固液比1∶2将五氧化二磷分离出来,磷回收率为86%。
实施例6
一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,熔融还原:
(1)物料混合熔融:
将出渣口中流出的液态熔融含钛高炉渣和电炉含钒钛熔融氧化钢渣加入到内层为石墨-镁质复合保温耐火材料的矿热炉中形成含钛混合熔渣,向含钛混合熔渣中加入焦粉、钒钛磁铁精矿金属化球团和普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团形成混合熔渣,混合时的混合熔渣温度为1420℃,通过自身的加热功能,将混合熔渣加热至1500℃,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
调控方法为:
对应(a):混合后的混合熔渣温度为1500~1510℃,在设定温度范围内;
对应(b):混合后的混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.76~0.80,在设定范围内;
其中:含钛高炉渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:29.32wt%TiO2、20.03wt%CaO、10.17wt%MgO、14.63wt%Al2O3、3.97wt%FeO、和18.16wt%SiO2,余量为其他杂质;
含钒钛熔融钢渣,含有成分及其质量百分比:2.56wt%V2O5、TFe18.74wt%、40.99wt%CaO、 11.26wt%SiO2、3.98wt%TiO2、3.48wt%MgO、1.57wt%MnO、3.39wt%Al2O3,余量为其他杂质;
(2)喷吹氧化性气体:
向混合熔渣中,向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后氮气-空气混合气;其中,氮气-空气混合气中氮气的体积百分比为60%,氮气-空气混合气的预热温度为300℃;氮气-空气混合气采用耐火喷枪置于熔渣上部吹入;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
对应(a):测得反应过程中,混合熔渣温度为1548~1555℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):测得反应过程中混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.77~0.79,在设定范围内;
步骤3,分离回收采用方法D:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣;
(2)将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒入内层为石墨-白云石质保温渣灌,倒出时熔渣温度为1520℃,进行炉外熔渣处理;
(3)将含钒铁水送往转炉提钒炼钢;
其中:
炉外熔渣处理的方法,采用方法D-2:
①喷吹气体:向还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,喷吹预热后氮气-空气混合气;其中,氮气-空气混合气中氮气的体积百分比为60%,氮气-空气混合气预热温度为1000℃,氮气-空气混合气时间与流量的关系为100L/(min·kg);氮气-空气混合气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪置于熔渣上部吹入;
②控制还原与氧化过程:
在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(d)、(e)和(f)三个参数:
(d)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度在设定温度1450~1650℃范围内;
(e)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
(f)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
对应(d):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度1550~1560℃,在设定范围内;
对应(e):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值0.71~0.75,在设定范围内;
对应(f):反应过程中剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;;
③分离回收方法采用方法A:
将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,自然冷却至室温,获得缓冷渣;
含钒金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部,形成铁坨,人工取出铁坨;将剩余缓冷渣中含钒金属铁层,破碎至粒度为20~400μm,磨矿,磁选分离出剩余含钒金属铁;金属铁回收率96%,本步骤尾矿渣中全铁含量0.492wt%;
对去除铁坨和含钒金属铁层的缓冷渣上、中、下部,分别采用重力分选法进行分离,下部缓冷渣经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,两次扫选,上、中部经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,一次扫选,将含钛组分与脉石相分离,得到钛精矿、富钒中矿和尾矿,钛精矿中TiO2的质量分数为83.96%,富钒中矿中V2O5的质量分数为7.97%,富磷相中P2O5的质量分数为17%;
尾矿采用2%稀盐酸,按固液比1∶2将五氧化二磷分离出来,回收率为70%。
实施例7
一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,熔融还原:
(1)物料混合熔融:
将出渣口中流出的液态熔融含钛高炉渣和电炉含钒钛熔融氧化钢渣加入到内层为石墨-镁质复合保温耐火材料的感应炉中形成含钛混合熔渣,向含钛混合熔渣中加入焦粉、钒钛磁铁精矿烧结矿和钒钛磁铁精矿球团矿形成混合熔渣,混合时混合熔渣的温度为1450℃,通过自身的加热功能,将混合熔渣加热至1500℃,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
调控方法为:
对应(a):混合后的混合熔渣温度为1500~1510℃,在设定温度范围内;
对应(b):混合后的混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.76~0.80,在设定范围内;
其中:含钛高炉渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:29.32wt%TiO2、20.03wt%CaO、10.17wt%MgO、14.63wt%Al2O3、3.97wt%FeO、和18.16wt%SiO2,余量为其他杂质;
含钒钛熔融钢渣,含有成分及其质量百分比:2.56wt%V2O5、TFe18.74wt%、40.99wt%CaO、11.26wt%SiO2、3.98wt%TiO2、3.48wt%MgO、1.57wt%MnO、3.39wt%Al2O3,余量为其他杂质;
(2)喷吹氧化性气体:
向混合熔渣中,向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后氮气-空气混合气;其中,氮气-空气混合气 氮气的体积百分比为70%,氮气-空气混合气的预热温度为60℃;氮气-空气混合体采用耐火喷枪置于熔渣上部吹入;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
对应(a):测得反应过程中,混合熔渣温度为1538~1545℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):测得反应过程中混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.77~0.79,在设定范围内;
步骤3,分离回收采用方法D:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣;
(2)将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒入内层为石墨-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的保温地坑,此时熔渣温度为1450℃,进行炉外熔渣处理;
(3)将含钒铁水送往转炉提钒炼钢;
其中,炉外熔渣处理采用方法D-2:
①喷吹气体:向还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣,喷吹预热后氮气-空气混合气;其中,氮气-空气混合气中氮气的体积百分比为70%,氮气-空气混合气的预热温度为100℃,氮气-空气混合气时间与流量的关系为60L/(min·kg);空气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣内部吹入;
②控制还原与氧化过程:
在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(d)、(e)和(f)三个参数:
(d)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度在设定温度1450~1650℃范围内;
(e)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
(f)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
对应(d):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度为1475~1480℃,在设定范围;
对应(e):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.98~1.02,在设定范围;
对应(f):反应过程中剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
③分离回收方法采用方法A:
将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,自然冷却至室温,获得缓冷渣;
含钒金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部,形成铁坨,人工取出铁坨;将剩余缓冷渣中含钒金属铁层,破碎至粒度为20~400μm,磨矿,磁选分离出剩余含钒金属铁;金属铁回收率97%,本步骤尾矿渣渣中全铁含量0.613wt%;
对去除铁坨和含钒金属铁层的缓冷渣上、中、下部,分别采用重力分选法进行分离,下部缓冷渣经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,两次扫选,上、中部经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次 精选,一次扫选,将含钛组分与脉石相分离,得到钛精矿、富钒中矿和尾矿,钛精矿中TiO2的质量分数为78.48%,富钒中矿中V2O5的质量分数为7.48%,富磷相中P2O5的质量分数为22%;
尾矿2%稀磷酸,固液比1∶2将五氧化二磷分离出来,回收率为72%。
实施例8
一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,熔融还原:
(1)物料混合熔融:
将出渣口中流出的液态熔融含钛高炉渣和电炉含钒钛熔融氧化钢渣加入到内层为碳素-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的交流电弧炉中形成含钛混合熔渣,向含钛混合熔渣中加入煤粉和普通钢渣形成混合熔渣,混合时的混合熔渣温度为1420℃,通过自身的加热功能,将混合熔渣加热至1520℃,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
调控方法为:
对应(a):混合后的混合熔渣温度为1520~1525℃,在设定温度范围内;
对应(b):混合后的混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.72~0.75,在设定范围内;
其中:含钛高炉渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:4.52wt%TiO2、25.87wt%CaO、9.92wt%MgO、16.08wt%Al2O3、6.33wt%FeO、和20.84wt%SiO2,余量为其他杂质;
含钒钛熔融钢渣,含有成分及其质量百分比:0.77wt%V2O5、TFe17.60wt%、41.08wt%CaO、13.60wt%SiO2、5.89wt%TiO2、3.22wt%MgO、1.64wt%MnO、1.80wt%Al2O3,余量为其他杂质;
(2)喷吹氧化性气体:
向混合熔渣中,向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后氧气-氩气混合气;其中,氧气-氩气混合气中氧气的体积百分比为50%,氧气-氩气混合气的预热温度为200℃;氧气-氩气混合气采用耐火喷枪置于熔渣上部吹入;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
对应(a):测得反应过程中,混合熔渣温度为1531~1540℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):测得反应过程中混合熔渣碱度最低CaO/SiO2比值=0.50<0.6,向混合熔渣加入白云石粉,使混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=1.97~2.02,在设定范围内;
步骤3,分离回收采用方法D:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣;
(2)将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒入内层为褐煤-冷态含钛高炉渣复合保温耐火材料的保温渣灌,此时熔渣的温度为1500℃,进行炉外熔渣处理;
(3)将含钒铁水送往转炉提钒炼钢;
其中,炉外熔渣处理采用方法D-2:
①喷吹气体:向还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,喷吹预热后氧气-氩气混合气体;其中,氧气-氩气混合气体的预热温度为800℃,氧气-氩气混合气体时间与流量的关系为30L/(min·kg);氧气-氩气混合气体的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣内部吹入;
②控制还原与氧化过程:
在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(d)、(e)和(f)三个参数:
(d)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度在设定温度1450~1650℃范围内;
(e)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
(f)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
对应(d):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度为1520~1526℃,在设定范围;
对应(e):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度最低CaO/SiO2比值0.52,通过向还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中喷入冷态含钒钛钢渣,使碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.86~0.88,在设定范围;
对应(f):反应过程中,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
③分离回收方法采用方法C:
将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,获得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣,本步骤渣中全铁含量0.878wt%;
测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中TiO2的质量分数=9.5%≤10%,直接将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣水淬,用作建筑材料。
将含钒铁水送往转炉炼钢。
实施例9
一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,熔融还原:
(1)物料混合熔融:
将出渣口中流出的液态熔融含钛高炉渣和电炉含钒钛熔融氧化钢渣加入到内层为石墨-白云石质复合保温耐火材料的等离子炉中形成含钛混合熔渣,向含钛混合熔渣中加入焦粉、 高炉烟尘和转炉烟尘形成混合熔渣,混合时的混合熔渣温度为1460℃,通过自身的加热功能,将混合熔渣加热至1508℃,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
调控方法为:
对应(a):混合后的混合熔渣温度为1508~1510℃,在设定温度范围内;
对应(b):混合后的混合熔渣碱度最低CaO/SiO2比值=0.48<0.6,向混合熔渣中加入石灰石粉,使混合后的混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.89~0.98,在设定范围内;
其中:含钛高炉渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:4.52wt%TiO2、25.87wt%CaO、9.92wt%MgO、16.08wt%Al2O3、6.33wt%FeO、和20.84wt%SiO2,余量为其他杂质;
含钒钛熔融钢渣,含有成分及质量百分比:0.37wt%V2O5、TFe17.60wt%、41.08wt%CaO、13.60wt%SiO2、5.89wt%TiO2、3.22wt%MgO、1.64wt%MnO、1.80wt%Al2O3,余量为其他杂质;
(2)喷吹氧化性气体:
向混合熔渣中,向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后空气-氩气混合气;其中,空气-氩气混合气氩气的体积百分比为40%,空气-氩气混合气的预热温度为600℃;空气-氩气混合气采用耐火喷枪置于熔渣上部吹入;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
对应(a):测得反应过程中,混合熔渣温度为1515~1520℃,在设定范围内;
对应(b):测得反应过程中混合熔渣碱度最低CaO/SiO2比值=1.73~1.80,在设定范围内;
步骤3,分离回收采用方法D:
(1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣;
(2)将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒入内层为无烟煤-尖晶石质复合保温耐火材料的保温渣灌,此时熔渣的温度为1460℃,进行炉外熔渣处理;
(3)将含钒铁水送往转炉提钒炼钢;
其中,炉外熔渣处理采用方法D-2:
①喷吹气体:向还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,喷吹预热后空气;其中,空气的预热温度为800℃,空气时间与流量的关系为30L/(min·kg);空气的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣内部吹入;
②控制还原与氧化过程:
在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(d)、(e)和(f)三个参数:
(d)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度在设定温度1450~1650℃范围内;
(e)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
(f)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
对应(d):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度为1495~1500℃,在设定范围;
对应(e):反应过程中测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=1.95~2.00,在设定范围;
对应(f):反应过程中,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
③分离回收方法采用方法C:
将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,获得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣,本步骤渣中全铁含量0.612wt%;
测得还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中TiO2的质量分数=7.1%≤10%,直接将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣水淬,用作建筑材料。
实施例10
一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,熔融还原:
(1)物料混合熔融:
将出渣口中流出的液态熔融含钛高炉渣和电炉含钒钛熔融氧化钢渣加入到内层为沥青-冷态含钒钛钢渣复合保温耐火材料的等离子炉中形成含钛混合熔渣,向含钛混合熔渣中加入煤粉、提钒尾渣和氧化铁皮形成混合熔渣,混合时的熔渣温度为1490℃,通过自身的加热功能,将混合熔渣加热至1580℃,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
调控方法为:
对应(a):混合后的混合熔渣温度为1600~1610℃,在设定温度范围内;
对应(b):混合后的混合熔渣碱度最低CaO/SiO2比值=2.4~2.5,在设定范围内;
其中:含钛高炉渣,含有成分及其质量百分比为:30wt%TiO2、16.25wt%CaO、8.88wt%MgO、15.39wt%Al2O3、4.15wt%FeO、和16.77wt%SiO2,余量为其他杂质;
含钒钛熔融钢渣,含有成分及其质量百分比:6wt%V2O5、TFe16.62wt%、39.25wt%CaO、12.66wt%SiO2、6.3wt%TiO2、3.33wt%MgO、1.57wt%MnO、1.7wt%Al2O3,余量为其他杂质;
(2)喷吹氧化性气体:
向混合熔渣中,向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后氧气;其中,氧气的预热温度为900℃;氧气采用耐火喷枪置于熔渣上部吹入;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
(a)混合熔渣的温度在设定1500~1650℃范围内;
(b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
对应(a):测得反应过程中,混合熔渣温度为1655~1660℃≥1650℃,向混合物料中加入钒钛磁铁精矿金属化球团,使混合熔渣温度降至1600~1606℃;
对应(b):测得反应过程中混合熔渣碱度最低CaO/SiO2比值=2.3~2.45,在设定范围内;
步骤3,分离回收采用方法B:
将还原氧化后的混合熔渣的温度降温至1250℃,将中部和上部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣倒入空冷,用作水泥原料;
(2)将下部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣,仍在保温渣灌中,进行如下操作:
将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,自然冷却至室温,获得缓冷渣;
含钒金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部,形成铁坨,人工取出铁坨;将剩余缓冷渣中含钒金属铁层,破碎至粒度为20~400μm,磨矿,磁选分离出剩余含钒金属铁;金属铁回收率96%,本步骤尾矿渣中全铁含量0.396wt%;
对去除铁坨和含钒金属铁层的缓冷渣上、中、下部,分别采用重力分选法进行分离,下部缓冷渣经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,两次扫选,上、中部经溜槽一次粗选,摇床一次精选,一次扫选,将含钛组分与脉石相分离,得到钛精矿、富钒中矿和尾矿,钛精矿中TiO2的质量分数为60.05%,富钒中矿中V2O5的质量分数为7.56%,富磷相中P2O5的质量分数为28%;
尾矿采用2%稀硫酸,按固液比1∶2,将五氧化二磷分离出来,磷的回收率为85%。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
    步骤1,熔融还原:
    (1)物料混合熔融:
    将含钛混合熔渣加入保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置,向含钛混合熔渣中加入还原剂、含钒钛物料和/或含铁物料形成混合熔渣,将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态,进行熔融还原,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
    (a)混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围内;
    (b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
    调控方法为:
    对应(a):
    控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法为:
    当混合熔渣的温度<设定温度范围下限时,通过反应装置自身的加热功能,或向混合熔渣中加入燃料和/或含钒钛熔融钢渣,使混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内;
    当混合熔渣的温度>设定温度范围上限时,向混合熔渣中加入含钒钛物料、含铁物料、含氟物料或含钛高炉熔渣中的一种或几种,使混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围内;
    对应(b):
    当混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值<0.6时,向混合熔渣中加入石灰粉、白云石粉或生石灰粉中的一种或几种,使混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
    当混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值>2.6时,向混合熔渣中加入硅石,使混合熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
    其中:
    设定温度范围为1450~1650℃;
    当反应装置采用保温装置时,混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1450~1650℃;
    当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时,混合熔渣的温度范围设定为1500~1650℃;
    (2)喷吹氧化性气体:
    向混合熔渣中,喷吹预热后氧化性气体,氧化性气体的预热温度为0~1200℃;在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数:
    (a)混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围内;
    (b)混合熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
    设定温度范围和调控方法同步骤1(1);
    步骤2,分离回收:
    采用以下方法中的一种:
    一.当反应装置采用保温装置时,采用方法A、方法B或方法C:
    当反应装置为可倾倒的保温装置或不可倾倒的保温装置时,采用方法A:
    (1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,冷却至室温,获得的缓冷渣;
    (2)含钒金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部,形成铁坨,人工取出铁坨;将剩余缓冷渣中含钒金属铁层,破碎至粒度为20~400μm,磨矿,磁选分离出剩余含钒金属铁;
    (3)对去除铁坨和含钒金属铁层的缓冷渣上、中、下部,分别采用重力分选法进行分离,获得钛精矿、富钒精矿和尾矿;
    (4)尾矿的回收利用有2种:①作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用;②采用湿法冶金、选矿方法或选矿-湿法冶金联合法将尾矿中含磷组分分离出来;
    仅当反应装置采用可倾倒的保温装置时,采用方法B或方法C:
    方法B:
    (1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣的温度降温至1150~1250℃,将中部和上部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣倒出后,空冷或水淬,用作水泥原料或建筑材料;
    (2)将下部的还原氧化后的混合熔渣,仍在可倾倒的保温装置中,作为方法A还原氧化后的混合熔渣进行处理;
    方法C:
    (1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,获得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣;
    (2)当还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣TiO2的质量分数≤10%时,直接将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒出后,空冷或水淬,用作水泥原料或建筑材料;
    (3)将含钒铁水送往转炉炼钢;
    二.当反应装置采用可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置时,采用方法D:
    (1)将还原氧化后的混合熔渣,沉降渣-金分离,获得含钒铁水与还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣;
    (2)将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒入保温装置,进行炉外熔渣处理;
    (3)将含钒铁水送往转炉提钒炼钢;
    其中:
    炉外熔渣处理的方法,采用方法D-1或方法D-2:
    方法D-1:当还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中TiO2的质量分数≤10%时,直接将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣空冷或水淬,用作水泥原料或建筑材料;
    方法D-2:将还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣倒入保温装置,进行如下操作:
    ①喷吹气体:向还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,喷吹预热后氧化性气体;其中,氧化性气体的预热温度为0~1200℃,氧化性气体时间与流量的关系为1~105L/(min·kg);
    ②控制还原与氧化过程:
    在喷吹过程中,通过调控同时保证(d)、(e)和(f)三个参数:
    (d)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣的温度在设定温度1450~1650℃范围内;
    (e)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;
    (f)还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中,剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
    对应(d):
    采用步骤1中的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法;
    对应(e):
    当碱度不在设定范围内时,通过向还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中添加热态溶剂,使碱度CaO/SiO2比值=0.6~2.6;其中,热态溶剂为含钛高炉熔渣和/或含钒钛熔融钢渣;
    对应(f):
    当还原性不足时,通过还原氧化后的含钒钛熔渣中添加还原剂,使剩余低价钛氧化成高价钛,剩余铁氧化物还原成金属铁;
    ③分离回收方法采用方法A、方法B或方法C。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1(1)中,含钛混合熔渣由含钛高炉熔渣和含钒钛熔融钢渣组成;所述的含钛高炉熔渣的温度≥1300℃,由高炉出渣口获得,含钛高炉熔渣,含有TiO2的质量分数为4~30%;所述的含钒钛熔融钢渣的温度≥1500℃,由钢渣出渣口获得,含有TiO2的质量分数为0.3~6%,含有V2O5的质量分数为0.3~5%。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述的含钒钛熔融钢渣,为转炉含钒钛熔融钢渣或电炉含钒钛熔融氧化钢渣。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述的保温装置为可倾倒的保温装置或不可倾倒的保温装置;所述的不可倾倒的保温装置为保温地坑;所述的可倾倒的保温装置为可倾倒的保温渣罐;所述的可倾倒的熔炼反应装置为可倾倒的转炉、可倾倒的熔炼反应渣灌或感应炉;固定式熔炼反应装置为底部带有渣口或铁口的反应装置;所述的固定式反应装置为等离子炉、直流电弧炉、交流电弧炉、矿热炉、鼓 风炉或反射炉。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述的保温装置、可倾倒的熔炼反应装置或固定式的熔炼反应装置内层为含碳保温脱模耐火材料;所述的含碳保温脱模耐火材料是含碳复合耐火材料,具体为碳是碳素、石墨、石油沥青焦、冶金焦、沥青、无烟煤、烟煤或褐煤中的一种或几种,耐火材料是硅质、半硅质、粘土质、高铝质、镁质、白云石质、橄榄石质、尖晶石质、冷态含钛高炉渣或冷态含钒钛钢渣中的一种或几种。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤1和步骤2中,还原剂均为粉煤、焦粉、烟煤或无烟煤中的一种。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述的控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中,向混合熔渣中加入燃料和/或含钒钛熔融钢渣时,燃料的预热温度为0~1200℃,含钒钛熔融钢渣的温度≥1500℃;燃料采用采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣或置于熔渣上部或侧面吹入燃料;当同时向混合熔渣中加入燃料和含钒钛熔融钢渣时,燃料和含钒钛熔融钢渣为任意比。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述的燃料为煤粉。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述的含钒钛物料是含钛高炉渣、含钒钛钢渣、提钒尾渣、选钛尾矿、低品位钒钛磁铁矿、钒钛磁铁精矿、钒钛磁铁矿直接还原铁,钒钛磁铁精矿金属化球团、钒钛磁铁精矿含碳预还原球团、钒钛磁铁精矿烧结矿、钒钛磁铁精矿球团矿中的一种或几种;含铁物料是普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿直接还原铁,普通铁精矿烧结矿、普通铁精矿球团矿、普通铁精矿金属化球团、普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团、普通钢渣、高炉瓦斯灰、高炉烟尘、转炉烟尘、氧化铁皮、湿法炼锌过程的锌浸出渣、氧化铝生产过程产生的赤泥、煤粉灰、硫酸烧渣中的一种或几种;含氟物料是萤石和/或CaF2
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述含钒钛物料、含铁物料和含氟物料在控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中使用时,均为球团或粉状物料;其中,粉状物料的粒度≤150μm,粉状物料以喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣,载入气体为空气、氩气、氮气-空气混合气、氮气-氧气混合气或空气-氩气混合气;所述的喷吹方式采用耐火喷枪以喷吹的方式加入混合熔渣。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述的氧化性气体是空气、氧气、富氧空气、氮气-氧气混合气、氮气-空气混合气、氧气-氩 气混合气或空气-氩气混合气中的一种;氧化性气体的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣或置于熔渣上部或侧面吹入氧化性气体。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2,方法A(1)中,冷却方式为自然冷却或旋转冷却;旋转冷却的具体操作为:装有氧化还原后的混合熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上,按照一定速度进行旋转,旋转速度依熔渣质量与保温装置高度或深度而定,旋转时间依熔渣质量与熔渣凝固情况而定,所述的方法A(3)中,重力分选法是摇床分选、溜槽分选或者二者相结合;所述的方法A(4)中,湿法冶金是稀酸浸出法,其中稀酸浸出法是无机酸浸、有机酸浸中的一种;所述的无机酸选用硫酸、盐酸、磷酸的一种或多种,有机酸选用草酸、乙酸、柠檬酸中的一种或多种。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的含钛混合熔渣熔融还原生产和调质处理的方法,其特征在于,所述的步骤2中,方法A中,金属铁回收率为90~97%,钛精矿中TiO2的质量分数为35~90%,钛的回收率为60~80%;方法B中,金属铁回收率为90~95%;钛精矿中TiO2的质量分数为35~90%,钛的回收率为58~78%。
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CN117004784B (zh) * 2023-10-07 2023-11-28 山西建龙实业有限公司 一种高炉喷吹煤粉用氮气的预热系统

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