WO2019071788A1 - 一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法 - Google Patents

一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019071788A1
WO2019071788A1 PCT/CN2017/115643 CN2017115643W WO2019071788A1 WO 2019071788 A1 WO2019071788 A1 WO 2019071788A1 CN 2017115643 W CN2017115643 W CN 2017115643W WO 2019071788 A1 WO2019071788 A1 WO 2019071788A1
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Prior art keywords
slag
copper
smelting
iron
furnace
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PCT/CN2017/115643
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张力
张武
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东北大学
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Publication of WO2019071788A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019071788A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04—Working-up slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B3/00—General features in the manufacture of pig-iron
    • C21B3/04—Recovery of by-products, e.g. slag
    • C21B3/06—Treatment of liquid slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
    • C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C22B11/023—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0054—Slag, slime, speiss, or dross treating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B26/00—Obtaining alkali, alkaline earth metals or magnesium
    • C22B26/10—Obtaining alkali metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B30/00—Obtaining antimony, arsenic or bismuth
    • C22B30/06—Obtaining bismuth
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B58/00—Obtaining gallium or indium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • C22B7/004—Dry processes separating two or more metals by melting out (liquation), i.e. heating above the temperature of the lower melting metal component(s); by fractional crystallisation (controlled freezing)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of slag metallurgy, and in particular relates to a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron.
  • the copper smelting process “smelting smelting - copper smelting” produces copper slag, which is the first solid waste in heavy ferrous metallurgy.
  • the lead smelting process of the traditional lead smelting process "sintering - blast furnace reduction - smelting furnace” or direct smelting process "oxidation blowing - high lead slag reduction - smelting furnace” and other processes produce a large amount of lead smelting slag.
  • iron and steel slag such as blast furnace slag, steel slag and ferroalloy slag are produced, which is the first solid waste of iron and steel joint enterprises.
  • the copper slag includes copper-containing smelting slag, copper-containing blowing slag, copper fire-depleted slag, copper slag flotation tailings, and wet copper slag.
  • the copper-containing smelting slag is produced in the process of “smelting and smelting”. It contains not only copper, iron, zinc, nickel, precious metals, but also high-level SiO 2 , CaO and other metallurgical fluxes. It emits more than 20 million tons per year. More than 200 million tons of deposits.
  • the traditional copper smelting process is gradually replaced by new technologies such as flash smelting, Noranda, Vanukov, Aisa, Osmet, Mitsubishi, Jinfeng, Bottom blowing, etc.
  • the content of Cu, Fe and other metals in the slag is increased, and the copper content in the slag is 20%, which is much higher than the current 0.2% to 0.3% copper ore recoverable grade, and the iron content is as high as 50%, which is much larger than the average grade of 29 wt% of the smelting iron ore.
  • the slag also contains precious metals, most of which are symbiotic with copper. Therefore, copper smelting slag is an important secondary resource.
  • the temperature of the molten copper smelting slag discharged from the melting furnace is higher than 1100 ° C, and the molten copper slag is also an important physical heat resource.
  • the copper-containing smelting slag and the copper-containing blowing slag are returned to the smelting furnace or the pyrolysis or beneficiation method. Only the recovery of the copper component is considered, the depletion or beneficiation effect is not good, and the copper slag after the depletion of the fire or after the flotation It contains a lot of heavy metals, which will cause pollution to the surrounding environment after a long time of accumulation.
  • the slag contains more than 0.4% copper, which is 0.2% higher than the recoverable grade of copper.
  • the higher slag contains copper, which is not conducive to the subsequent direct reduction of iron or smelting reduction of iron. The reason is that during the reduction process, copper is easily reduced and enters pig iron. Generally, iron ore is allowed to have a copper content of not more than 0.2%. When it exceeds 0.3%, the weldability of the steel is lowered, and the "hot brittleness" phenomenon of the steel is caused, causing cracks during rolling.
  • Lead smelting slag is produced in the process of lead smelting process "sintering-blast furnace reduction-smoke furnace” or "oxidation blowing-high lead slag reduction-smoke furnace".
  • Lead smelting slag includes lead smelting slag and smelting furnace slag.
  • “Sintering blast furnace reduction” or “solid high-lead slag reduction” or “liquid high-lead slag reduction process” reduction process produces lead-containing smelting slag
  • lead-containing smelting slag is produced by smelting furnace to produce smelting furnace slag
  • lead smelting slag smoke Furnace slag and lead smelting slag are important secondary resources.
  • the temperature of lead smelting slag (lead smelting slag or smelting furnace slag) is ⁇ 1050 °C, and lead smelting slag is not only an important physical heat resource.
  • Blast furnace slag, steel slag and ferroalloy slag contain high content of metal iron, iron oxide, chromium oxide, phosphorus pentoxide, SiO 2 , CaO, MgO and other valuable components are important secondary resources; from blast furnace, refining
  • the steel furnace and the iron alloy furnace discharge the molten slag temperature ⁇ 1300 ° C. Therefore, the molten blast furnace slag, molten steel slag and molten iron alloy slag are also important physical thermal resources.
  • Copper slag, lead smelting slag, blast furnace slag, steel slag, iron alloy slag contain a large amount of metallurgical fluxes such as SiO 2 , CaO, MgO, Al 2 O 3 , etc., which have strong chemical reaction activity and are slag systems with excellent physical and chemical properties. material.
  • the molten copper slag, molten lead smelting slag, molten blast furnace slag, molten steel slag and molten iron alloy slag which are discharged from the metallurgical furnace contain abundant thermal energy resources and contain a large amount of hot metallurgical flux.
  • the molten copper slag, molten lead smelting slag, molten blast furnace slag, molten steel slag and molten iron alloy slag chemical composition, mineral composition and cement clinker are similar.
  • pyrometallurgical lead and wet zinc smelting produce a large amount of copper-containing materials containing copper, iron, lead, zinc, gold, silver and other components, which are important secondary resources.
  • the fire method of lead smelting produces copper soot, lead ice copper, yellow slag, crude lead fire refining slag, wet zinc smelting process to produce wet zinc slag, wet zinc smelting kiln residue.
  • the existing copper pyrometallurgical process is suitable for treating copper sulfide ore, but it is difficult to treat copper oxide ore.
  • the present invention provides a method of producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron.
  • the method has the advantages of short reaction time, short process flow, high metal recovery rate, low production cost, large processing capacity, environmental friendliness and high economic benefit, and can effectively solve the problem of efficient recycling of metallurgical resources and thermal energy; the invention is a new melting
  • the slag metallurgy process not only reduces the slag containing copper, but also makes the slag contain copper ⁇ 0.1wt%, and realizes efficient recovery of copper, gold, silver, iron, zinc, lead, indium, antimony, sodium and potassium components and treatment of oxidized ore. , obtain low copper metal iron or pig iron water.
  • the main technical solutions adopted by the present invention include:
  • a method for producing a mixed slag comprising copper and iron comprising the steps of:
  • S1 slag mixing: adding copper slag to the smelting reaction device, adding one or more of lead smelting slag, blast furnace slag, steel slag and iron alloy slag to form mixed slag; simultaneously adding copper oxide mineral, copper sulfide mineral, One or more of the copper-containing materials; uniformly mixed, heating the mixed slag to a molten state as a reaction slag, and monitoring the reaction slag in real time, and adjusting the reaction slag to satisfy both the condition a and the condition b by regulation Obtaining the slag after the reaction, or pouring the slag after the reaction into the heat preservation device;
  • condition a is controlling the reaction slag temperature to be 1050 to 1450 ° C;
  • the slag after the reaction in the step S1 is kept for 5 to 50 minutes, and the copper-rich phase at the bottom, the iron-rich phase in the middle and lower portions, and the iron-containing silicate mineral phase in the middle and upper portions are obtained by sedimentation and separation, and simultaneously The zinc component and the lead-containing component of the soot, the gold component and the silver component enter the copper-rich phase; the phases are recovered.
  • the method for regulating the condition a is:
  • the heating function of the reaction device itself is used, or fuel or molten copper slag, molten lead smelting slag, molten nickel smelting slag, molten blast furnace slag, molten steel slag or One or more kinds of molten iron alloy slag, when injected into the fuel, simultaneously injected into the preheated oxidizing gas, so that the temperature of the reaction slag reaches 1050 ⁇ 1450 ° C;
  • nickel smelting slag, copper oxide mineral, copper sulfide mineral, copper-containing material, blast furnace slag, steel slag, iron alloy slag, etc. are added to the reaction slag containing copper and iron.
  • a metallurgical flux, an iron-containing material or a fluorine-containing material so that the temperature of the mixed reaction slag reaches 1050 to 1450 ° C;
  • the method for regulating the condition b is:
  • the reaction device is a heat preservation device or a rotatable smelting reaction device or a smelting reaction device with slag or iron slag flowing out; wherein the heat preservation device is pourable Smelting Should be slag irrigation or insulation pit;
  • the rotatable smelting reaction device is a converter and a smelting reaction slag tank;
  • the smelting reaction device with slag or iron slag can flow out is a plasma furnace, a direct current arc furnace, an alternating current arc furnace, a submerged arc furnace, a blast furnace, a blast furnace, an induction furnace, a cupola furnace, a side blowing molten pool smelting furnace, Bottom-blow pool smelting furnace, top-blow pool smelting furnace, reverberatory furnace, Osmet furnace, Aisa furnace, Waten Kraft melting pool melting furnace, side blowing rotary furnace, bottom blowing rotary furnace, top blowing rotary furnace The electric heating bed of the copper melting furnace.
  • the slag is controlled to maintain copper oxide and iron oxide reduced to metallic copper and FeO
  • the metal iron content in the slag is ⁇ 3%. It can be regulated by adding one or both of a reducing agent and a carbon-containing iron-containing material, wherein the amount of the reducing agent and/or the carbon-containing iron-containing material is reduced by copper and iron oxide in the slag.
  • the theoretical amount of metal copper and FeO is 110-140%;
  • the carbon-containing iron-containing material is steel dust and soot, iron concentrate carbon-containing pre-reduction pellet, iron concentrate carbon-containing metallized pellet, wet method Zinc-smelting kiln slag or coke oven dust and soot.
  • the copper slag is one or more of a copper-containing smelting slag, a copper-containing smelting slag, a depleted slag, a flotation tailings, and a wet copper slag, wherein
  • the copper-containing smelting slag is produced in the "smelting and smelting" process of the copper smelting process, including the Osmet furnace smelting slag, the flash furnace smelting slag, the Noranda furnace smelting slag, the Isa furnace smelting slag, Vanukov furnace smelting slag, Mitsubishi smelting slag, Caldo furnace smelting slag, silver furnace smelting slag, Shuikoushan smelting slag, Tennite smelting slag, reverberatory furnace smelting slag, electric furnace smelting slag, closed blast furnace smelting slag,
  • the tailing slag is a tailing slag after copper ore smelting and copper-containing blowing slag
  • the wet smelting copper slag is a waste slag produced by wet copper smelting
  • the copper smelting slag and copper blowing slag are molten or cold , wherein: the molten copper smelting slag is obtained from the copper smelting furnace slag opening of the “smelting smelting” process, or the copper smelting slag is heated to a molten state, and the molten copper blowing slag is blown by the copper blasting process.
  • the molten copper fire method depleting waste slag is obtained from the slag outlet of the depleted furnace, or heating the waste slag to a molten state;
  • the lead smelting slag is in a molten state or a cold state, wherein the molten slag is obtained from a slag tap or a slag tapping port of a reduction stage of the pyrometallurgical lead process; the blast furnace slag, the steel slag and the iron alloy slag are in a molten state, or a cold state in which: molten slag (blast slag, steel slag and iron alloy slag) is obtained from a slag outlet, or cold slag (blast slag, steel slag and iron alloy slag) is heated to a molten state; the steel slag is molten iron pre-desulfurization slag (desulfurization slag, desiliconization slag, dephosphorization slag), converter slag, electric furnace slag, VOD/VAD slag, VD slag, tundish slag; the iron alloy slag is slag produced
  • the copper oxide mineral comprises one or more of a cuprite, a black copper ore, a malachite, a blue copper ore, a chrysocolla, a cholesterium; the copper sulfide mineral comprises a copper ore, copper blue, One or more of chalcopyrite, porphyrite, sulphur arsenic ore ore.
  • the fuel and the reducing agent are one or more of a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel, which is sprayed or charged, and loaded with a gas of 0 to 1200 ° C.
  • the gas is one or more of an oxidizing gas, argon gas, and nitrogen gas.
  • the solid fuel and the reducing agent are one or more of coal powder, coke powder, coke, fly ash, bituminous coal or anthracite coal, and the shape is granular or powder, and the granular material has a particle size of 5 to 25 mm, and the powder The granular material has a particle size of ⁇ 150 ⁇ m; the liquid fuel and the reducing agent are heavy oil, and the gaseous fuel and reducing agent are gas and/or natural gas.
  • the copper-containing material is copper slag, copper tailings, crude copper fire refining slag, zinc smelting slag, zinc smelting soot and dust, nickel smelting slag, lead copper, lead and zinc tailings, arsenic ice Copper, crude lead fire refining slag, lead smelting slag, lead smelting soot and soot, lead acid battery, copper smelting soot and dust, copper, tin smelting slag, tin tailings, copper containing garbage or copper-containing circuit boards
  • the nickel smelting slags are nickel smelting slag produced by the "smelting smelting" process, depleted slag after blowing by the "copper ice nickel blowing" process, and nickel slag slag generated by top blowing smelting
  • the zinc smelting furnace slag comprises slag produced by wet zinc s
  • the iron-containing material is ordinary iron concentrate, ordinary iron concentrate direct reduced iron, ordinary iron concentrate sintered ore, ordinary iron concentrate pellet, ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellet, ordinary iron concentrate carbon-bearing pre- Reducing pellets, rolling iron oxide scales, steel slag, zinc smelting slag, coke smelting soot and dust, steel soot and dust, nickel smelting slag, copper slag, lead smelting slag, zinc smelting slag, tin smelting slag, red mud
  • the steel smoke and dust include blast furnace gas mud, converter dust mud, electric furnace dust, hot or cold rolling Sludge, sintered dust, pellet dust, dust collection in ironworks, blast furnace gas ash, electric furnace dust ash, rolled steel oxide scale;
  • the copper-containing material and the iron-containing material are in a hot state or a cold state, wherein the hot material is directly obtained from a metallurgical furnace discharge port or a slag outlet, and the wet zinc slag, the wet copper slag and the dust are dehydrated.
  • the fluorine-containing material is one or more of fluorite, CaF 2 or fluorine-containing blast furnace slag
  • the alkaline material is lime powder, red mud, high-calcium red mud after desodiumification, calcium carbide slag, One or more of dolomite powder or quicklime powder
  • the alkaline iron-containing material is CaO/SiO 2 >1 iron-containing material, alkaline sintered ore, alkaline iron concentrate, iron alloy slag, steel slag, alkaline One or more of a pre-reduced pellet or an alkali metallized pellet;
  • the acidic material is one or more of silica, fly ash and coal gangue;
  • the acidic iron-containing material is iron-containing material with CaO/SiO 2 ⁇ 1, acid sinter, acid iron concentrate, acid pre- One or more of reducing pellets, acid metallized pellets, copper slag, lead smelting slag, zinc smelting slag, and nickel smelting slag.
  • the copper-rich phase, the iron-rich phase, and the iron-containing silicate mineral phase are separately treated, or any two phases are combined.
  • the separation and recovery in the step S2 is performed by any one of the following methods 1 to 5:
  • Method 1 When the slag can be used to flow out of the smelting reaction device, after the slag separation after the reaction is completed, the following steps are performed:
  • Method A directly used as a cement raw material after water quenching or air cooling;
  • Method B part or all of the iron-containing silicate mineral phase is returned to the reaction slag as a hot metallurgical flux
  • Method C for pouring glass ceramics or as slag wool
  • Method D slag containing iron silicate mineral phase is oxidized after air cooling or water quenching
  • the method comprises: slag remaining in the smelting reaction device or melting
  • the slag is poured into the heat preservation device, and the preheated oxidizing gas having a temperature of 0 to 1200 ° C is blown into the slag containing iron silicate, and the slag temperature of the silicate is ensured to be >1450 ° C;
  • the weight percentage of iron is ⁇ 1%, and the slag after oxidation is obtained; the slag after oxidation is directly air-cooled or water-quenched, and used as slag cement, cement conditioner, additive in cement production or cement clinker;
  • the preheated fuel and the preheated oxidizing gas are injected, the heat is burned, the heat is supplemented, or the device itself is heated to make the temperature of the iron-containing silicate slag >1450 ° C;
  • Method E The iron-containing silicate mineral phase is used to produce high value-added cement clinker, including the following steps:
  • the iron-containing silicate mineral phase is retained in the smelting reaction device or the slag is poured into the heat preservation device, and molten slag, lime, limestone, iron alloy slag, and molten slag are added to the slag containing the iron silicate mineral phase.
  • molten slag, lime, limestone, iron alloy slag, and molten slag are added to the slag containing the iron silicate mineral phase.
  • the slag mixture is blown into the oxidizing gas with a preheating temperature of 0 to 1190 ° C, and the temperature of the slag mixture is >1450 ° C; when the weight percentage of ferrous oxide is ⁇ 1%, the oxidation is obtained.
  • the oxidized slag is subjected to air cooling or water quenching to obtain a high value-added cement clinker;
  • Method F the slag containing the iron silicate mineral phase as a blast furnace ironmaking raw material or a direct reduction ironmaking raw material: after the iron-containing silicate slag is air-cooled, water-quenched or slowly cooled, used as blast furnace ironmaking or Direct reduction of ironmaking raw materials, after direct reduction, magnetic separation or electric furnace melting, magnetic separation products are metal iron and tailings, electric furnace melting, the product is molten iron and slag;
  • the slag is modified and magnetically separated, including: preheating the oxidizing gas at 0 to 1200 ° C into the slag in the heat preservation device, and ensuring the slag temperature thereof. >1250 ° C;
  • the slag temperature is ⁇ 1250 ° C
  • the preheated fuel and the preheated oxidizing gas are injected, the heat is burned, the heat is supplemented, or the device itself is heated to make the slag temperature >1250 ° C;
  • the oxidized slag is slowly cooled to room temperature, crushed and magnetically selected, and the product is magnetite concentrate and tailings, and tailings are used as building materials;
  • Method G The iron-containing silicate mineral phase is subjected to reduction ironmaking, comprising the following steps:
  • the iron-containing silicate mineral phase is retained in the smelting reaction device or the slag is poured into the heat preservation device, or the iron-containing material is added, and the reducing agent is added at the same time to perform smelting reduction, and the reaction slag is monitored in real time, and the slag is controlled.
  • the method of controlling the temperature of the reaction slag is:
  • a metallurgical flux is added to the reaction slag, so that the temperature of the reaction slag reaches 1350 to 1670 ° C, wherein
  • the metallurgical flux is a mineral containing CaO or SiO 2 , specifically one or more of quartz sand, gold-silver quartz sand, red mud, high-calcium red mud after desodiumification, calcium carbide slag, dolomite or limestone;
  • the method of controlling the alkalinity of the reaction slag is:
  • Method I Pour the mixed slag after reduction into a heat preservation slag tank, and slowly cool to room temperature to obtain slow cooling slag; wherein, the metal iron settles to the bottom of the reaction device to form iron slag, and the remaining slow slag contains metal iron Layer, broken to a particle size of 20 ⁇ 400 ⁇ m, grinding, magnetic separation to separate the remaining metal iron and tailings;
  • Method II mixed slag after reduction, sedimentation, slag-gold separation, obtaining molten iron and reduced slag; and the reduced slag is slag according to one or several methods of methods A to E Processing; the molten iron is sent to a converter or an electric furnace for steel making;
  • the copper-rich phase sent to a converter or a blowing furnace for copper smelting or slow cooling and magnetic separation to separate metal iron, and then sent to a converter or a blowing furnace for copper smelting, or magnetic separation of metal iron or After the metal iron is separated by magnetic separation, the reduction product is directly separated, and the reduced product is separated by magnetic separation, and then sent to a converter or a blowing furnace for copper smelting;
  • the iron-rich phase layer is obtained by water quenching or air cooling or pouring into a heat preservation device, or after being manually sorted and re-selected, as a raw material for blast furnace ironmaking or directly reducing ironmaking raw materials or smelting reduction Ironmaking raw materials or flotation copper extraction raw materials or magnetic separation of metal iron as a raw material for copper smelting or direct reduction ironmaking; in the direct reduction process, after reduction and magnetic separation of the reduction products, metal iron and tailings are obtained, and tailings are returned to the refining Copper system; during the flotation process, the flotation product is a copper-bearing concentrate and iron concentrate, the copper concentrate is returned to the copper-smelting system, and the iron concentrate is used as a blast furnace ironmaking raw material or a direct reduction ironmaking raw material or a smelting reduction ironmaking raw material;
  • the direct reduction process uses a rotary hearth furnace, a tunnel kiln, a vehicle bottom road, a shaft furnace, a rotary
  • the coal-based reduction adopts one or more of anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, coking coal, coke powder or coke, and the controlled reduction temperature is 900-1400 ° C, and the control alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio is 0.8-1.5;
  • the furnace effluent gas as a heat source can heat and dry the charge device;
  • red mud contains potassium, sodium, dust, and steel soot containing lead, zinc, antimony, and indium, when these materials are added, some indium, antimony, potassium, and sodium components are added. Volatile, entering the soot as an oxide.
  • Method 2 When the smelting reaction device through which the slag can flow out is used, the obtained iron-rich phase and the iron-containing silicate mineral phase treatment method are treated by one or more of the methods A to G described in the first method, Pour the copper-rich phase after the slow cooling of the heat preservation device, send it to the converter or the smelting furnace for copper smelting, or separate the metal iron by crushing and then send it to the converter or the smelting furnace for copper smelting, or magnetic separation to separate the metal iron or not. After the metal iron is separated by magnetic separation, it is directly reduced, and the reduced product is magnetically separated to separate the metal iron, and then sent to a converter or a blowing furnace for copper smelting.
  • Method 3 using the slag rotatable converter and the reaction slag tank, obtaining the molten iron-containing silicate mineral phase, and the treatment method is treated by one or more of the methods A to G described in the first method;
  • the iron-rich phase is treated according to S2-1-05;
  • the molten phase is poured into the copper-rich phase after the slow cooling of the heat preservation device, and sent to a converter or a blowing furnace for copper smelting, or after separation of metal iron by crushing magnetic separation Then send it to converter or blowing furnace for copper smelting, or magnetic separation to separate metal iron or without magnetic separation to separate metal iron, directly reduce, the reduction product is magnetically separated to separate metal iron, and then sent to converter or blowing furnace copper.
  • Method 4 When the slag rotatable converter and the reaction slag tank are used, the molten iron-containing silicate mineral phase and the iron-rich phase obtained in the molten state are obtained, and the treatment method is one of the methods A to G described in the first method or The treatment is carried out in several ways; the molten copper-rich phase is sent to a converter or a blowing furnace for copper smelting, or after slow cooling, the metal iron is separated by crushing and magnetic separation, and then sent to a converter or a blowing furnace for copper smelting, or magnetic separation. After the metal iron or the metal iron is separated by magnetic separation, it is directly reduced, and the reduced product is magnetically separated to separate the metal iron, and then sent to a converter or a blowing furnace for copper smelting.
  • Method 5 When using a heat preservation device, or using a smelting reaction device through which slag can flow out, when pouring the slag into the heat preservation device, perform the following steps:
  • the slag is slowly cooled to room temperature to obtain slow cooling slag; the copper-rich phase settles to the bottom of the reaction device to form a copper-rich strontium; the iron-containing silicate mineral phase floats; the middle is slow cooling slag
  • a zinc-containing component and a lead-containing component are simultaneously formed; wherein the nickel, cobalt, gold, and silver components migrate to the copper-rich phase;
  • smelting reduction ironmaking raw materials or smelting reduction ironmaking raw materials or flotation copper extraction raw materials or magnetic separation of metallic irons as raw materials for copper smelting or direct reduction ironmaking in direct reduction process, after reduction products are magnetically separated and separated, metal is obtained Iron and tailings, tailings return to copper smelting system; flotation products are copper-bearing concentrates and iron concentrates, copper concentrates are returned to copper smelting system, iron concentrates are used as blast furnace ironmaking raw materials or direct reduction of ironmaking raw materials or smelting reduction Ironmaking raw materials;
  • the oxidizing gas is one of preheated air, oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, nitrogen-air, argon-air, oxygen-nitrogen, oxygen-argon.
  • the mixing is uniformly a natural mixing or a stirring mixing, and the stirring mixing is performed by argon stirring, nitrogen stirring, nitrogen-argon gas mixture stirring, reducing property.
  • the sedimentation is natural sedimentation or spin sedimentation or centrifugal sedimentation;
  • the cooling mode when cooling sedimentation is natural cooling or rotary cooling or centrifugal cooling, and the gravity sorting method is a shaker. Sorting, chute sorting or a combination of the two.
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron according to the present invention which can treat hot slag and make full use of molten copper slag and molten metallurgical slag (melted lead smelting slag, molten blast furnace slag, molten steel slag)
  • molten copper slag and molten metallurgical slag melted lead smelting slag, molten blast furnace slag, molten steel slag
  • One or more of molten iron alloy slag) physical thermal resources and hot metallurgical flux which can also process copper oxide minerals, copper sulfide minerals or iron-containing materials, through slag mixing or cold mixing.
  • Metallurgical modification of slag is a new copper smelting technology; effectively solves the problem of efficient recycling of metallurgical resources and thermal energy and environmental pollution; (2) slag metallurgical reaction in mixed slag, disintegration of iron olivine, iron oxidation The material is fully released to achieve growth and settlement, and the metal iron component in the mixed slag is aggregated, grown and settled.
  • the iron-rich phase includes various kinds of metal iron, FeO phase and fayalite phase, and is used as blast furnace ironmaking or direct Reducing or smelting the raw material of the ironmaking; (3) the copper component and the gold and silver component in the mixed slag are respectively concentrated in the copper-rich phase, and realize growth and sedimentation; wherein the copper-rich phase includes copper and white Bronze, matte, and iron groups a plurality of or a part of the copper component enters the iron-rich phase; (4) the zinc component and the lead component in the mixed slag are enriched in the soot and recovered; (5) the indium component and the niobium component are partially contained The potassium-containing component and the sodium-containing component are volatilized into the dust for recycling; (6) the method of combining manual sorting, magnetic separation, re-election, or slag-gold separation is used to separate and precipitate the copper-rich phase in different parts.
  • the iron oxide and the upper silicate mineral phase can realize the efficient recovery of the copper component, the gold and silver component and the iron component in the mixed slag; (7) can process the solid copper and iron materials to achieve efficient and comprehensive utilization of resources.
  • slag to achieve quenching and tempering, the upper tail slag use limiting factors disappear, can be used as cement raw materials or building materials or instead of crushed stone as aggregate and road material or as blast furnace ironmaking and direct reduction ironmaking and smelting reduction ironmaking (9)
  • the process uses mixed slag to achieve separation of copper and iron components; the process uses mixed slag, and the whole process can process copper oxide minerals and copper sulfide without metallurgical flux or small amount of metallurgical flux. Mineral or ferrous materials.
  • the process of the invention can be carried out continuously or intermittently to meet the needs of industrial production.
  • the invention realizes comprehensive utilization of valuable components of copper component, iron component, zinc component, lead component, gold, silver, indium, antimony, sodium and potassium component in nonferrous metallurgical slag and iron and steel metallurgical slag To solve the problem of large accumulation of slag and environmental pollution.
  • the invention can treat iron alloy slag, steel slag, blast furnace slag, lead smelting slag and copper-containing slag on a large scale, can solve the problem of heavy metal element pollution, and realize the recovery of heavy metal components.
  • the present invention can treat copper oxide minerals, copper sulfide minerals or iron-containing materials.
  • the raw material of the present invention may be liquid molten copper slag and molten metallurgical slag (one or more of molten lead smelting slag, molten blast furnace slag, molten steel slag, molten iron alloy slag) flowing out of the slag opening, and having a high temperature
  • molten lead smelting slag one or more of molten lead smelting slag, molten blast furnace slag, molten steel slag, molten iron alloy slag
  • the characteristics of high heat make full use of the slag physical heat resources
  • the mixed slag contains a large amount of hot metallurgical flux, which is a slag system with excellent physical and chemical properties, achieving efficient utilization of metallurgical resources and thermal resources
  • the slag metallurgy is realized by utilizing the characteristics of high reaction chemical activity of mixed slag.
  • the present invention enriches the copper group, the gold component and the silver component in the slag by mixing the slag, holding or blowing the gas.
  • the zinc component, the lead component, the indium component, the strontium component, the sodium component, and the potassium component of the slag are volatilized , enter the dust to recover. .
  • the cold material and the molten copper slag are added to avoid the slag temperature being too high, and the life of the heat preservation device is increased; adding the cold material and the molten copper slag improves the processing amount of the raw material, and can not only treat the liquid slag Moreover, a small amount of cold material can be processed, and the raw material adaptability is strong; the addition of the cold material realizes the chemical heat released by the slag metallurgical reaction and the physical heat utilization of the slag.
  • the copper component and the gold and silver components in the slag are respectively concentrated in the copper-rich phase, and the aggregation, growth and sedimentation are realized, and the iron component in the slag is enriched in the iron-rich phase.
  • the copper-rich phase comprises copper, blister copper, matte phase, a plurality of iron-containing components, or part of the copper component enters the iron-rich phase, and the iron-rich phase includes a plurality of metal iron, FeO phase, and fayalite phase, as a raw material for blast furnace ironmaking or direct reduction or smelting reduction ironmaking;
  • the slag-containing heat preservation device is rotated on a rotating platform to accelerate the copper-rich phase and the iron-rich phase Accumulation, growth and sedimentation; the addition of fluorine-containing materials accelerates the accumulation, growth and sedimentation of the copper-rich phase and the iron-rich phase.
  • the phosphorus component in the slag of the method of the invention migrates and is concentrated in the silicate mineral phase, and achieves floating; in the upper silicate mineral phase, the free calcium oxide and the free magnesium oxide disappear, and the mineral grindability increases.
  • the slag is tempered.
  • the method of the invention separates the silicate mineral phase, the iron-rich phase and the copper-rich phase distributed in the upper, middle and bottom portions by manual sorting, magnetic separation, re-election or slag-gold separation.
  • To achieve efficient recovery of valuable components in the slag since the iron-rich phase and the copper-rich phase settle in the middle and lower parts, the amount of slag to be sorted is small, the mineral grindability is increased, grinding, magnetic separation and re-election The cost is low; the subsequent separation process uses magnetic separation or re-election, the separated medium is water, and no environmental pollution occurs during the separation process, so that the entire slag treatment process has short process, simple operation, high recovery rate, and no waste water generation.
  • the mine has the characteristics of high efficiency, cleanliness and environmental protection. Because the slag is quenched and tempered, the tailings are used as cement raw materials, building materials, instead of crushed stone as aggregate, road material or phosphate fertilizer, or as raw materials for blast furnace ironmaking and direct reduction.
  • the mine has a large utilization value and a wide range of applications.
  • Iron-rich phase As a raw material for blast furnace ironmaking or direct reduction or smelting reduction of ironmaking, metal iron or molten iron is produced in large quantities.
  • the invention can treat the hot slag, fully utilize the molten copper slag and the molten metallurgical slag physical heat resource and the hot metallurgical flux, treat the copper oxide mineral, the copper sulfide mineral or the iron-containing material, and utilize the mixed slag Metallurgical reaction, through slag mixing or cold mixing and heating, to achieve slag metallurgy, copper migration in slag, enrichment in copper-rich phase, and achieve aggregation, growth and sedimentation; iron component migration, enrichment The iron-rich phase realizes aggregation, growth and sedimentation, and the zinc component, lead component, indium component, strontium component, sodium component and potassium component in the slag are volatilized and enter the soot; the separation and settlement are rich in different parts.
  • the copper phase, iron oxide and silicate mineral phase realize high-efficiency recovery of valuable components in the mixed slag; treat solid copper and iron materials, and realize slag quenching and tempering treatment.
  • the method has the advantages of short process flow, high metal recovery rate, low production cost, strong adaptability of raw materials, large processing capacity, environmental friendliness and high economic benefit, and can effectively solve the problem of efficient recycling of metallurgical resources and thermal energy.
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron according to the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 slag mixing:
  • the slag is controlled to make the reaction slag simultaneously ensure the following two parameters (a) and (b), obtain the slag after the completion of the reaction, or pour the slag after the reaction into the heat preservation device;
  • the control method is:
  • the heating function of the reaction device itself is added, or fuel or molten copper slag, molten lead smelting slag, molten nickel smelting slag is added to the slag.
  • the copper-containing material, copper oxide mineral, copper sulfide, nickel smelting slag, blast furnace slag are added to the reaction slag containing copper and iron.
  • one or more of steel slag, iron alloy slag, metallurgical flux, iron-containing material or fluorine-containing material so that the temperature of the mixed slag reaches a set temperature range of 1050 to 1450 ° C;
  • the slag is kept for 5 to 50 minutes, settled, and slag-gold is separated to obtain a molten copper-rich phase layer at the bottom, a molten iron-rich phase in the middle and lower portions, and a molten iron-containing silicate mineral phase in the middle and upper portions.
  • the soot containing the zinc component and the lead component is generated, and the gold and silver component migrates to the copper-rich phase.
  • Each phase is recovered using one of the following methods:
  • the iron-rich phase is obtained by water quenching or air cooling or pouring into a heat preservation device, or by manual sorting and re-election, as a raw material for blast furnace ironmaking or direct reduction of ironmaking raw materials or smelting reduction of ironmaking raw materials or flotation Copper raw material or magnetic separation to separate metal iron as raw material for copper smelting or direct reduction ironmaking; flotation products are copper-containing concentrates and iron concentrates, copper concentrates are returned to copper smelting system, iron concentrates are used as blast furnace ironmaking materials or Directly reducing the ironmaking raw material or the smelting reduction ironmaking raw material; wherein, in the direct reduction process, the reduction product is magnetically separated and separated, the metal iron and the tailings are obtained, and the tailings are returned to the copper smelting system; the direct reduction process adopts a rotary hearth furnace , tunnel kiln, vehicle bottom road, shaft furnace, rotary kiln or induction furnace as reducing equipment, using gas-based or coal-based reduction technology
  • the iron-containing silicate mineral phase in the step (1) is subjected to slag treatment, and one of the methods A to G is adopted:
  • Iron-containing silicate mineral phase as cement raw material Iron-containing silicate mineral phase as cement raw material
  • the iron-containing silicate mineral phase is directly quenched or air-cooled as a cement raw material or further processed into a high value-added cement raw material.
  • Method B Part or all of the iron-containing silicate mineral phase is returned to the copper-containing reaction slag:
  • Some or all of the iron-containing silicate mineral phase is returned to the copper-containing reaction slag, and as a hot metallurgical flux, the copper-containing reaction slag component is adjusted to control the copper-containing reaction slag temperature.
  • Method C pouring a glass-ceramic with a ferrite-containing mineral phase or as a slag wool.
  • Method D Air-cooling or water quenching after oxidation of iron-containing silicate slag:
  • the preheated fuel and the preheated oxidizing gas are injected, the heat is burned, the heat is supplemented, or the device is heated by itself, so that the silicate slag temperature is >1450 ° C;
  • the slag after oxidation is directly air-cooled or water-quenched, and used as slag cement, cement conditioner, additive in cement production or cement clinker.
  • Method E Treatment of high value-added cement clinker by treatment with iron silicate slag:
  • Method F the iron-containing silicate mineral phase slag is used as a blast furnace ironmaking raw material or a direct reduction ironmaking raw material: the slag containing the iron silicate mineral phase is air-cooled, water quenched or slowly cooled, and used as a blast furnace Iron or direct reduction of ironmaking raw materials, after direct reduction, magnetic separation or electric furnace melting, magnetic separation products are metal iron and tailings, electric furnace melting, the product is molten iron and slag;
  • the separation is performed by the following method: magnetic separation after slag modification: slag flowing into the heat preservation device, blowing 0-1200 ° C Preheating the oxidizing gas, and ensuring that the slag temperature is >1250 ° C, completing the transformation of magnetite in the slag; slowly cooling the oxidized slag to room temperature, crushing, magnetic separation, and the product is magnetite Mines and tailings, tailings as building materials.
  • Method G Iron-containing silicate slag smelting reduction ironmaking:
  • the control method is:
  • the method for controlling the temperature of the reaction slag in the set temperature range is:
  • the temperature of the reaction slag ⁇ lower limit of the set temperature range is 1350 ° C
  • the temperature of the reaction slag reaches the set temperature range by the heating function of the reaction device itself or by adding the fuel and the preheated oxidizing gas to the slag.
  • the upper limit of the set temperature range is 1350 ° C
  • one or more of a metallurgical flux, an iron-containing material or a fluorine-containing material is added to the reaction slag to bring the temperature of the reaction slag to a set temperature.
  • the range is from 1350 to 1670 °C;
  • the temperature range and the alkalinity control method are the same as the method G step (1);
  • Method I Perform the following steps:
  • Method II Perform the following steps:
  • the specific method is: using one or more of the methods A to E in the separation and recovery method 1 of the step 2, the slag treatment;
  • the gas produced by the reduction is secondarily burned on the surface of the slag to provide heat, and the gas flowing out of the furnace can be used as a heat source for the drying charge and the heat preservation device.
  • the cold copper-rich phase is sent to the converter copper smelting or blowing furnace for copper smelting, or the magnetic separation is separated into metal iron and then sent to the converter or the smelting furnace for copper smelting, or magnetic separation to separate the metal iron or not After magnetic separation of metal iron, direct reduction, the reduction product is magnetically separated to separate metal iron, and then sent to a converter or a blowing furnace for copper smelting;
  • the molten iron-containing silicate mineral phase is subjected to slag treatment, and the specific treatment method is: one or more of the methods A to G in the separation and recovery method 1 of the step 2 is used for slag treatment;
  • the iron-rich phase is treated by the step (4) in the first method;
  • the molten iron-containing silicate mineral phase and the iron-rich phase are subjected to slag treatment in a specific manner: one or more of the methods A to G in the separation and recovery method 1 of the step 2 are used;
  • Method 5 When using a heat preservation device, or using a smelting reaction device through which slag can flow out, pour the slag into the heat preservation In the case of the device, the slag after the completion of the reaction is subjected to the following steps:
  • the iron-rich phase layer in the middle as a blast furnace The ironmaking raw material or the direct reduction ironmaking raw material or the smelting reduction ironmaking raw material or the flotation copper extraction raw material or the magnetic separation and separation of the metallic iron is used as a raw material for copper smelting or direct reduction; in the flotation process, the flotation product is copper-containing fine Mineral and iron concentrate, copper concentrate returned to copper smelting system, iron concentrate as blast furnace ironmaking raw material or direct reduction ironmaking raw material or smelting reduction ironmaking raw material; in the direct reduction process, the reduction product is magnetically separated and separated to obtain metal Iron and tailings, tailings returning to the copper smelting system;
  • the direct reduction process uses a rotary hearth furnace, a tunnel kiln, a vehicle bottom road, a shaft furnace, a rotary kiln or an induction furnace as a reduction device, using gas-based or coal-based reduction technology, and gas-based reduction using natural gas and/or gas, coal-based
  • the reduction adopts one or more of anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, coking coal, coke powder or coke, and the controlled reduction temperature is 900-1400 ° C, and the control alkalinity CaO/SiO 2 ratio is 0.8-1.5;
  • Part of the lead component, the zinc component, the indium component, the bismuth component, the sodium component, and the potassium component are volatilized into the soot.
  • the copper slag is a copper-containing smelting slag, a copper-containing blowing slag, a depleted slag, a flotation tailings, and a wet copper slag.
  • One or more of the copper-containing smelting slags are produced in the "smelting and smelting" process of the copper smelting process, including the Osmet furnace smelting slag, the flash furnace smelting slag, the Noranda furnace Smelting slag, Aisa furnace smelting slag, Vanukov furnace smelting slag, Mitsubishi smelting slag, Caldo furnace smelting slag, silver furnace smelting slag, Shuikoushan smelting slag, Tennite smelting slag, reverberatory furnace smelting slag , electric furnace smelting slag, closed blast furnace smelting slag, low blowing furnace smelting slag, side blowing furnace smelting slag; the copper-containing blowing slag is produced in the "copper smelting" process of copper pyrometallurgical smelting process, including converter blowing
  • the lead smelting slag comprises one or two of a smelting furnace slag and a lead smelting slag, and the lead smelting slag is in a molten state or a cold state, wherein the molten slag is discharged from the reducing stage of the pyrometallurgical lead smelting process Or the slag outlet of the smelting furnace is obtained; the blast furnace slag, the steel slag and the iron alloy slag are in a molten state, or a cold state, wherein: the molten slag (blast slag, steel slag and iron alloy slag) is obtained from the slag outlet, or the cold slag is obtained ( Blast furnace slag, steel slag and iron alloy slag) are heated to a molten state; the steel slag is molten iron pre-desulfurization slag (desulfurization slag, desiliconization slag, dephosphorization
  • the lead smelting slag is one or two of the smelting furnace slag and the lead smelting slag, or “ISP lead-zinc blast furnace reduction” or “sinter blast furnace reduction” or “solid high
  • the copper oxide mineral includes a cuprite, a black copper ore, a malachite, a azurite, a chrysocolla, One or more of cholesteric; copper sulfide minerals include one or more of chalcopyrite, copper blue, chalcopyrite, porphyrite, sulphide ore and bismuth.
  • the heat preservation device is a heat preservation slag tank and a heat preservation slag pit, wherein the heat preservation slag tank is a pourable heat preservation device.
  • the smelting reaction device through which the slag can flow out is a rotatable smelting reaction device or a smelting reaction device with a slag port or an iron port;
  • the heat preservation device is a pourable smelting reaction slag irrigation and insulation pit
  • the rotatable smelting reaction device is a converter and a smelting reaction slag tank;
  • the smelting reaction device with slag or iron slag can flow out is a plasma furnace, a direct current arc furnace, an alternating current arc furnace, a submerged arc furnace, a blast furnace, a blast furnace, an induction furnace, a cupola furnace, a side blowing molten pool smelting furnace, Bottom-blow pool smelting furnace, top-blow pool smelting furnace, reverberatory furnace, Osmet furnace, Aisa furnace, Waten Kraft melting pool melting furnace, side blowing rotary furnace, bottom blowing rotary furnace, top blowing rotary furnace The electric heating bed of the copper melting furnace.
  • the two parameters (a) and (b) are ensured at the same time, and at the same time, the copper oxide and the iron oxide in the slag are reduced to metal copper and FeO, and the metal in the slag is ensured.
  • the iron content is less than 3%, and one or both of the reducing agent and the carbon-containing iron-containing material may be added, wherein the amount of the reducing agent and/or the carbon-containing iron-containing material is oxidized by copper and iron in the slag.
  • the theoretical reduction of the metal to copper and FeO is 110-140%; the carbon-containing iron-containing material is steel dust and soot, iron concentrate carbon-containing pre-reduction pellets, iron concentrate carbon-containing metallized pellets, Wet zinc smelting kiln slag or coke oven dust and soot.
  • the fuel and the reducing agent are one or more of a solid, liquid or gaseous fuel, which is sprayed or charged, and the loaded gas is preheated and oxidized.
  • One or more of gas, nitrogen and argon, preheating temperature is 0-1200 ° C;
  • solid fuel and reducing agent are one or more of coal powder, coke powder, coke, fly ash, bituminous coal or anthracite Species, the shape is granular or powder, the granular material has a particle size of 5 to 25 mm, the powdery material has a particle size of ⁇ 150 ⁇ m, the liquid fuel and the reducing agent are heavy oil, and the gaseous fuel is gas and/or natural gas;
  • the copper-containing material is copper slag, copper tailings, crude copper fire refining slag, zinc smelting slag, zinc smelting soot and dust, lead smelting slag, nickel smelting slag, lead copper, lead and zinc tailings, Arsenic matte, coarse lead fire refining slag containing lead fuming furnace slag, lead smelting soot and soot, lead acid battery, copper smelting soot and dust, copper, tin smelting slag, tin tailings, copper containing garbage or copper
  • the copper slag includes slag produced by "smelting smelting” and slag generated by "copper smelting", pyrolysis slag, copper slag flotation tailings;
  • the nickel smelting slag It is the nickel smelting slag produced by the “smelting smelting” process, the depleted slag after
  • zinc smelting furnace slag includes slag produced by wet zinc smelting and slag produced by pyrometallurgical slag, including zinc leaching slag, iron slag residue, copper cadmium slag, goethite slag, hematite slag, volatilization Kiln slag, vertical tank zinc slag, blast furnace slag, vortex furnace slag, smelting furnace slag, electric furnace zinc slag; Flux containing CaO as a mineral or SiO 2, in particular quartz sand, quartz sand containing gold, red mud, one or more of sodium removal after red mud calcium carbide slag, dolomite or limestone; containing
  • the iron material is ordinary iron concentrate, ordinary iron concentrate direct reduced iron, ordinary iron concentrate ore, ordinary iron concentrate pellet, ordinary iron concentrate metallized pellet, ordinary iron concentrate carbon pre-reduction pellet Steel rolling iron oxide scale, steel slag, zinc smelting slag, coke s
  • the fluorine-containing material is one or more of fluorite, CaF 2 or fluorine-containing blast furnace slag.
  • zinc smelting slag and soot, lead smelting slag and soot contain indium and antimony, lead, silver, zinc and antimony; red mud contains sodium and potassium, and steel soot and dust contain indium, antimony and silver.
  • Sodium and potassium the above materials all have iron, lead smelting slag and zinc smelting slag contain copper, copper soot and dust contain indium and antimony, so in the method of the invention, indium, antimony, sodium, potassium, zinc, lead will The fumes are entered in the form of oxides for recycling.
  • the method of controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in the set temperature range is as follows:
  • the copper-containing material, the iron-containing material and the fluorine-containing material are pellets or powdery materials or granulation; wherein, the granular material has a particle size of ⁇ 150 ⁇ m, and the granular material has a particle size of 5 to 25 mm.
  • the powdery material is sprayed by spraying, and the granular material is added by spraying or feeding, and the loading gas is one of argon gas, nitrogen gas, reducing gas (gas and/or natural gas), or oxidizing gas or a plurality of;
  • the blowing method is one or several types in which a refractory spray gun is inserted into the slag or placed in the upper part or the side or bottom of the reaction slag;
  • the copper-containing material and the iron-containing material are in a hot or cold state, and the hot material is directly obtained from a metallurgical furnace discharge port or a slag outlet, and the hot material temperature is 200 to 1750 °C.
  • the method of controlling the temperature of the mixed slag in the set temperature range is as follows:
  • the temperature of the mixed slag is > the upper limit of the set temperature
  • one or more of the copper-containing material, the iron-containing material, the blast furnace slag, the steel slag, the iron alloy slag, the metallurgical flux or the fluorine-containing material are added to avoid the temperature being too high.
  • Protecting the refractory material; another function of adding the fluorine-containing material is to reduce the viscosity, accelerate the aggregation, growth and sedimentation of the copper-rich phase and the iron-rich phase in the slag, which is beneficial to the silicate floating,
  • the copper component and the gold and silver component in the slag are enriched in the copper-rich phase, and the aggregation, growth and sedimentation are realized, and the iron component is released from the olivine, and is rich. It is concentrated in the iron-rich phase to achieve aggregation, growth and sedimentation.
  • the zinc, lead, indium and antimony components in the slag enter the soot respectively, in which the soot is recovered as oxides and the copper-rich phase is copper.
  • a variety of white ice copper, matte, iron-containing components, or part of the copper component enters the iron-rich phase, and the iron-rich phase includes a plurality of metal iron, FeO phase, and fayalite phase;
  • the alkaline material is one or more of lime powder, red mud, red mud after desoda, calcium carbide slag, dolomite powder or quicklime powder;
  • the basic iron-containing material is a CaO/SiO 2 >1 iron-containing material, an alkaline sintered ore, an alkaline iron concentrate, an iron alloy slag, a steel slag, a blast furnace slag, an alkaline pre-reduced pellet or an alkali metallized pellet. One or several of them.
  • the acidic material is one or more of silica, fly ash and coal gangue;
  • the acidic iron-containing material is CaO/SiO 2 ⁇ 1.
  • the copper-rich phase and the iron-rich phase in the slag are aggregated, grown and settled, which is favorable for the silicate to float;
  • the mixed slag is sufficiently mixed while ensuring the two parameters (a) and (b), and the mixing mode is natural mixing or stirring mixing, and the stirring mode is one of the following modes: argon stirring.
  • argon stirring One or more of nitrogen agitation, argon-nitrogen gas mixture, reducing gas (gas and/or natural gas), electromagnetic stirring, mechanical agitation;
  • the direct reduction process uses a rotary hearth furnace, a tunnel kiln, a vehicle bottom road, a shaft furnace, a rotary kiln, an induction furnace as a reduction device, and a gas-based or coal-based reduction technology
  • the gas base is natural gas and/or Gas
  • coal-based reduction to one or more of anthracite, bituminous coal, lignite, coking coal, coke powder, coke, reduction temperature of 900 ⁇ 1400 ° C, alkalinity CaO / SiO 2 ratio 0.8 ⁇ 1.5;
  • the oxidizing gas is one of air, oxygen, oxygen-enriched air, argon-air, argon-oxygen, nitrogen-air, nitrogen-oxygen, and the preheating temperature is 0-1200.
  • the spraying method is one or several types in which a refractory spray gun is inserted into the slag or placed in the upper part or the side or bottom of the reaction slag;
  • cooling and sedimentation are carried out during the separation, and the cooling method adopted is natural cooling or rotary cooling or centrifugal cooling, and the sedimentation method is natural sedimentation or rotary sedimentation or centrifugal cooling;
  • the specific operation of the rotating and centrifugal cooling is: the device containing the slag after the reaction is completed is placed on the rotating platform and rotated according to a certain speed, and the rotation speed depends on the quality of the slag and the height or depth of the heat preservation device.
  • the rotation time depends on the quality of the slag and the solidification of the slag; the device containing the slag after the completion of the reaction is placed on the rotating platform for the purpose of accelerating the accumulation of the copper-rich phase, the iron-rich phase, growth and sedimentation, Conducive to silicate floating;
  • step 2 in the slag cooling process after the completion of the reaction, most of the copper-rich phase and the iron-rich phase settle in the middle and lower portions due to the difference in density and mineral size;
  • the copper component and the gold and silver components in the slag after the reaction are completed to migrate to the copper-rich phase, and the growth and sedimentation are realized; the iron components in the mixed slag continue to migrate and enrich in the rich Iron phase and achieve growth and settlement;
  • the method of the present invention for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron, and finally obtaining an increase in mineral grindability in the tailings.
  • the finally obtained slag contains ⁇ 0.1% of copper, the recovery of iron is ⁇ 91%, the recovery of zinc is ⁇ 92%, and the recovery of lead is ⁇ 92%.
  • reaction slag basicity CaO / SiO 2 ratio of copper and iron 0.15 ⁇ 1.5;
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 slag mixing: the copper-containing smelting slag obtained from the slag smelting furnace slag outlet and the copper-containing blowing slag (converter slag) obtained from the slag outlet of the converter are added to the DC arc furnace, and simultaneously added to the cold state.
  • Step 2 separation and recovery method 1:
  • the slag After 50 min of heat preservation, the slag is naturally settled, and the slag-gold is separated to obtain a molten copper-rich phase layer, an iron-rich phase and a molten iron-containing silicate mineral phase, and at the same time, a zinc component and a lead component are formed, and the following steps are carried out: 1) The iron-containing silicate mineral phase is treated with slag outside the furnace, and the method F is used. After the iron-containing silicate slag is air-cooled, it is used as a direct reduction ironmaking raw material, and the rotary kiln is used for direct reduction, and the gas-based reduction is utilized.
  • the gas-based reducing agent is natural gas and gas
  • the reduction temperature is 900 ° C
  • the alkalinity CaO / SiO 2 ratio is 0.8
  • after reduction, the metal iron and slag are obtained by melting in a magnetic furnace, and the melting temperature is 1550 ° C
  • the molten copper-rich phase is sent to the converter for copper smelting
  • the iron-rich phase is poured into the heat preservation device, and is used as the blast furnace ironmaking raw material after air cooling
  • the zinc component, the indium component, the lead component, the bismuth component The potassium component and the sodium component volatilize and enter the soot recovery as an oxide.
  • the slag contains copper ⁇ 0.1%, the zinc recovery rate is 92%, the lead recovery rate is 94%, the iron recovery rate is 95%, and the indium recovery rate is 92%, the recovery rate of strontium is 94%, the recovery rate of sodium is 95%, the recovery rate of potassium is 96%, and the enrichment rate of gold is ⁇ 96. %, the enrichment rate of silver is ⁇ 94%.
  • the slag-containing copper refers to the slag phase after the copper-rich phase separation, specifically the copper content in the iron-rich phase and the silicate mineral phase
  • the gold and silver enrichment ratio is Refers to the content of gold and silver in the copper-rich phase as a percentage of the total amount of gold and silver in the raw material.
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 slag mixing: the copper smelting slag of the Isa furnace obtained from the slag smelting furnace slag and the copper-containing blowing slag (converter slag) obtained by the slag outlet of the converter, and the wet copper slag are added to the submerged arc furnace At the same time, the iron alloy slag produced by the molten smelting ferrochrome obtained from the slag outlet is added to form mixed slag, and the copper oxide concentrate is added; the oxygen-enriched air is used to spray natural gas, the particle size is 20 mm anthracite and coke, and the mixture is melted.
  • the copper-containing blowing slag converter slag
  • the slag is heated to a molten state to form a reaction slag containing copper and iron, and the reaction slag is electromagnetically stirred to achieve mixing; the reaction slag is monitored in real time, and two parameters (a) and (b) are simultaneously controlled to obtain a reaction.
  • Step 2 Separation and recovery method 1: heat preservation for 18 min, the slag after the completion of the reaction is naturally settled, and the slag-gold separation, obtaining a molten copper-rich phase layer, a molten iron-rich phase and a molten iron-containing silicate mineral phase, At the same time, the zinc component, the lead component and the indium component are generated, enter the soot, and are recovered as an oxide, and the following steps are carried out: (1) the iron-containing silicate mineral phase, and the method G slag smelting reduction ironmaking step As follows: (1-1) The iron-containing silicate slag is poured into a pourable converter, and an anthracite and bituminous coal with a particle size of 20 mm is added to the slag for smelting reduction, and the reaction slag is monitored in real time, and the following is ensured by regulation ( a) the temperature of the reaction slag is 1350-167 ° C, and (b) the reaction slag basicity
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 slag mixing: the Ausmelt copper smelting slag obtained from the slag smelting furnace slag and the copper-containing blowing slag (converter slag) obtained from the slag outlet of the converter are added to the induction furnace, and simultaneously added by the converter
  • the steel slag obtained from the steel slag outlet forms a mixed slag and is added with a copper sulphide concentrate; with oxygen, a particle size of 20 mm anthracite, coke granules and pulverized coal is sprayed, and the mixed slag is heated to a molten state to form a copper-containing and iron-containing alloy.
  • reaction slag is reacted and the slag is mixed; the slag is monitored in real time, and the slag after the completion of the reaction is obtained by controlling both parameters (a) and (b); corresponding to (a): reaction with copper and iron
  • the temperature of the slag is 1685 ° C, quartz sand, red mud, dolomite and limestone are added to the reaction slag, and copper-containing soot, ordinary iron concentrate pellets, rolled iron oxide scales and ordinary iron concentrates are added.
  • Step 2 separation and recovery method 2: heat preservation for 35 min, the slag is naturally settled, slag-gold separation, obtaining molten copper-rich phase, iron-rich phase and iron-containing silicate mineral phase, and simultaneously forming zinc-containing components and
  • the following steps are carried out: (1) the molten copper-rich phase is sent to the converter for copper smelting; (2) the iron-rich phase and the iron-containing silicate mineral phase are separated by the following method: after magnetic separation of the metallic iron , flotation separation to obtain copper concentrate and iron concentrate.
  • the slag contains copper ⁇ 0.1%, the iron recovery rate is 93%, the zinc recovery rate is 94%, and the lead recovery rate is 95%.
  • the recovery rate was 93%, the hydrazine recovery rate was 94%, the sodium recovery rate was 97%, and the potassium recovery rate was 97%.
  • the gold enrichment rate was ⁇ 95%, and the silver enrichment rate was ⁇ 96%.
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 slag mixing: adding the cold Nolanda furnace copper-containing smelting slag and copper slag flotation tailings to the plasma furnace, and simultaneously adding the converter steel slag obtained from the slag outlet, the electric furnace steel slag and the iron alloy slag obtained by smelting the nickel iron Forming mixed slag, adding copper oxide concentrate and copper-containing material (zinc smelting slag-wet zinc leaching slag); heating the mixed slag to a molten state, forming a reaction slag containing copper and iron, and melting the reaction
  • the slag is sprayed with argon gas to achieve mixing; the reaction slag is monitored in real time, and the slag after the completion of the reaction is obtained by controlling both parameters (a) and (b); corresponding to (a) reaction slag containing copper and iron
  • the temperature is 1670 ° C, red mud, coal ash, sulfuric acid slag, fluorite, CaF 2 and fluorine
  • Step 2 separation and recovery method 2: heat preservation for 25 min, the slag naturally settles after the reaction is completed, slag-gold separation, obtaining molten copper-rich phase, iron-rich phase and silicate mineral phase, and zinc-containing and lead-containing components
  • the following steps are carried out: (1) a molten copper-rich phase is sent to a converter for copper smelting; (2) an iron-rich phase and a silicate mineral phase are subjected to the method I in the first method, and after water quenching, as a raw material for direct reduction ironmaking (3) Part of the zinc-containing component and the lead-containing component volatilize, and enter the soot recovery as an oxide.
  • the slag contains copper ⁇ 0.1%, the iron recovery rate is 94%, the zinc recovery rate is 95%, and lead recovery The rate is 97%, the indium recovery rate is 93%, the ruthenium recovery rate is 95%, the sodium recovery rate is 97%, the potassium recovery rate is 97%, the gold enrichment rate is ⁇ 95%, and the silver enrichment rate is ⁇ 96%.
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 slag mixing: adding cold smelting slag of the Mitsubishi method to the slag pot, adding the electric furnace steel slag obtained from the slag mouth and the molten steel slag obtained from the slag outlet to form a mixed slag copper oxide concentrate and Copper-containing material (zinc smelting slag - wet zinc smelting slag and volatile kiln slag); using air with a preheating temperature of 800 ° C, blowing a particle size of 20 mm bituminous coal and coal powder, heating the mixed slag to a molten state, forming The reaction slag containing copper and iron, and the reaction slag is mixed; the reaction slag is monitored in real time, and the two parameters of (a) and (b) are simultaneously controlled to obtain the slag after completion of the reaction; corresponding to (a) : The temperature of the reaction slag containing copper and iron is 1310 ° C; (b): the ratio of copper to iron reaction
  • Step 2 separation and recovery method 9: heat preservation for 50 min, after the reaction is completed, the slag is rotated and cooled, and the following steps are performed: (1) sedimentation cooling: the slag after the completion of the reaction is naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain slow cooling slag; The copper phase settles to the bottom of the reaction device to form a copper-rich bismuth; the iron-containing silicate mineral phase floats; the copper bismuth and the iron-containing silicate mineral intermediate slow-cooling slag is an iron-rich phase, and simultaneously forms zinc-containing and lead-containing components.
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 Slag mixing: the copper-depleted slag (converter slag) obtained from the slag outlet of the converter and the copper-depleted slag obtained from the slag outlet of the depleted furnace are added to the AC arc furnace, and the iron alloy produced by cold smelting of ferrovanadium is simultaneously added.
  • Step 2 separation and recovery method 1: heat preservation for 10 min, the slag after the completion of the reaction is naturally settled, and the slag-gold separation, obtaining a molten copper-rich phase, an iron-rich phase and a ferrosilicate-containing mineral phase, and zinc-containing
  • the lead-containing component enters the soot and is subjected to the following steps: (1) the molten iron-containing silicate mineral phase is subjected to the step 2 separation and recovery method method A, the water quenching is directly used as the cement raw material; and (2) the molten copper-rich phase is obtained.
  • the iron-rich phase is poured into the heat preservation device to directly reduce the iron-making after cooling; (4) the zinc-containing component, the lead-containing component, the indium-containing component and the cerium-containing component are volatilized, and the oxide enters The soot is recovered.
  • the slag contains copper ⁇ 0.1%, the iron recovery rate is 91%, the zinc recovery rate is 92%, the lead recovery rate is 94%, the indium recovery rate is 93%, and the strontium recovery rate is 94%.
  • the recovery was 95%, the potassium recovery was 96%, the gold enrichment rate was 94%, and the silver enrichment rate was 96%.
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 slag mixing: the silver furnace smelting slag obtained from the slag smelting furnace slag outlet and the copper-containing blowing slag (converter slag) obtained by blowing the slag outlet of the converter are added to the submerged arc furnace, and simultaneously added to the slag outlet to obtain Smelting slag from smelting iron and smelting slag produced by smelting ferromolybdenum to form mixed slag, copper sulphide concentrate and copper-containing material (lead smelting slag and nickel smelting slag); heating mixed slag to molten state to form copper-containing
  • the molten slag is reacted with iron, and the reaction slag is sprayed with nitrogen to realize mixing; the reaction slag is monitored in real time, and two parameters (a) and (b) are simultaneously controlled to obtain the slag after completion of the reaction; a): the temperature of the reaction slag containing copper
  • Step 2 Separation and recovery method 4: After the reaction is completed, the molten slag is poured into the thermal insulation slag tank, heat-insulated for 45 minutes, and naturally cooled and settled. The slag-gold separation results in a molten copper-rich phase, an iron-rich phase, and an iron-containing silicate mineral phase.
  • the zinc component and the lead component the following steps are carried out: (1) the molten copper-rich phase is sent to the converter to smelt copper; (2) the molten iron-rich phase and the iron-containing silicate are subjected to the method C in the first method, casting It is a glass-ceramic; (3) part of the zinc-containing component and the lead-containing component volatilize and enter the soot recovery, the slag contains copper ⁇ 0.1%, the iron recovery rate is 92%, the zinc recovery rate is 93%, and lead recovery The rate was 92%, the indium recovery rate was 93%, the ruthenium recovery rate was 9%, the gold enrichment rate was 95%, and the silver enrichment rate was 97%.
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 slag mixing: adding cold smelting furnace copper smelting slag and flash blowing copper smelting copper slag to the blast furnace, adding blast furnace slag and electric furnace steel slag obtained from the slag outlet to form mixed slag, vulcanizing Copper concentrate and copper-containing material (lead smelting slag - smelting furnace slag); with a preheating temperature of 600 ° C, blowing a particle size of 20 mm bituminous coal and pulverized coal, heating the mixed slag to a molten state, forming a copper-containing Iron reaction slag, and the reaction slag is mixed; the reaction slag is monitored in real time, and the slag after the completion of the reaction is obtained by adjusting both parameters (a) and (b); corresponding (a): copper-containing The temperature of the reaction slag with iron is 1330 ° C; (b): the ratio of alkalinity CaO / SiO 2 of the reaction
  • Step 2 separation and recovery method 3: heat preservation for 21 min, after the completion of the reaction, the slag is naturally settled, and the slag-gold is separated to obtain a copper-rich phase and a middle-upper slag-iron-containing silicate mineral phase, and simultaneously form zinc-containing and
  • the following steps are carried out: (1) the middle and upper slag is poured into the smelting device to carry out the slag treatment outside the furnace, and the method 2 is used to separate and recover the method B, and the middle and upper slag are all returned to the copper-containing slag.
  • Iron reaction slag as a hot metallurgical flux, Adjust the composition of copper and iron reaction slag to control its temperature; (2) molten copper-rich phase, iron-rich ice-rich copper phase, sent to converter or blowing furnace for copper smelting; (3) part of zinc-containing components and The lead-containing component volatilizes, and ZnO and PbO enter the soot recovery.
  • the slag contains copper ⁇ 0.1%, the iron recovery rate is 93%, the zinc recovery rate is 92%, the lead recovery rate is 95%, and the gold enrichment rate is 98%, the silver enrichment rate is 96%.
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 slag mixing: the copper-containing smelting slag obtained by the slag smelting smelting smelting smelting of the gold peak side blowing pool and the copper-containing blowing slag (converter slag) obtained by the converter slag mouth are added to the side blowing rotary kiln, and simultaneously added by the slag discharging port
  • the obtained VD slag forms a mixed slag, a copper sulfide concentrate and a copper-containing material (copper fire refining slag, a copper-containing circuit board, a copper-containing soot and a copper-containing garbage); and the mixed slag is heated to a molten state to form a
  • the reaction slag between copper and iron, and the reaction slag is mixed with argon gas; the reaction slag is monitored in real time, and the two parameters of (a) and (b) are simultaneously controlled to obtain the slag after the reaction is completed; (a)
  • Step 2 Separation and recovery method 10: After the reaction is completed, the slag is poured into the thermal insulation slag tank, kept for 38 minutes, naturally cooled and settled, and slag-gold is separated to obtain a copper-rich phase and a middle-upper slag-iron-containing silicate mineral phase.
  • the following steps are carried out: (1) the upper middle slag is poured into the smelting device, the second step is used to separate and recover the method, the middle method C, the middle and upper slag is poured into the glass ceramics; (2) the lower part The molten copper-rich phase, the iron-rich ice-rich copper phase, and the step II method are used after slow cooling; (3) part of the zinc-containing and lead-containing components, ZnO and PbO are recovered into the dust, and the slag contains copper ⁇ 0.1%.
  • the recovery rate of iron is 91%
  • the recovery rate of zinc is 93%
  • the recovery rate of lead is 94%
  • the recovery rate of indium is 93%
  • the recovery rate of hydrazine is 9%
  • the enrichment rate of gold is 94%
  • the richness of silver is rich.
  • the collection rate is 96%.
  • a method for producing a mixed slag containing copper and iron comprising the steps of:
  • Step 1 slag mixing:
  • the molten copper-containing smelting slag flowing out from the slag outlet of the bottom-blow pool smelting furnace and the copper-containing smelting slag flowing out of the bottom-blown continuous blowing furnace are added to the thermal insulation pit, and the cold steel slag is added to form mixed slag, copper oxide fine Mineral and copper-containing materials (lead ice copper, arsenic matte copper, lead-containing refining slag); with oxygen-enriched air, spray bituminous coal with particle size ⁇ 150 ⁇ m, heat the mixed slag to a molten state, form a copper-containing reaction slag, and
  • the reaction slag is mixed; the reaction slag is monitored in real time, and the slag after the completion of the reaction is obtained by controlling both parameters (a) and (b);
  • the temperature of the copper-containing reaction slag is 1430 ° C;
  • the alkalinity CaO / SiO 2 ratio of the copper-containing reaction slag is 1.5, both within the required range;
  • the metal iron content in the slag is 0.9 %;
  • the slag contains copper ⁇ 0.1%, the iron recovery rate is 95%, the zinc recovery rate is 92%, and the lead recovery rate is 94. %, the gold enrichment rate is 95%, and the silver enrichment rate is 93%.

Abstract

一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，其包括如下步骤：S1、炉渣混合：将铜渣加入熔炼反应装置中，加入铅冶炼渣、高炉渣、钢渣和铁合金渣中的一种或多种形成混合熔渣；同时加入氧化铜矿物、硫化铜矿物、含铜物料中的一种或几种；混合均匀，将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态作为反应熔渣，并实时监测该反应熔渣，通过调控获得反应后的熔渣；S2、分离回收。该方法既可以处理热态熔渣，充分利用熔融铜渣与熔融冶金渣、物理热资源和热态冶金熔剂，又可以处理冷态炉渣，通过熔渣混合或冷态混合，实现了熔渣冶金改性；有效解决冶金资源与热能高效回收利用问题及环境污染问题。

Description

一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法 技术领域
本发明属于熔渣冶金技术领域，具体涉及一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法。
背景技术
我国是世界上金属铜、金属铅、钢铁与铁合金产量最多的国家。铜的火法冶炼过程“造锍熔炼-铜锍吹炼”产生铜渣，铜渣是重有色冶金中的第一固体废弃物。铅的火法冶炼过程传统炼铅工艺“烧结-鼓风炉还原-烟化炉”或直接炼铅工艺“氧化吹炼-高铅渣还原-烟化炉”等工艺产生了大量的铅冶炼渣。钢铁生产过程中产生了高炉渣、钢渣、铁合金炉渣等钢铁冶金渣，是钢铁联合企业的第一固体废弃物。
铜渣包括含铜熔炼渣、含铜吹炼渣、铜火法贫化渣、铜渣浮选尾矿、湿法炼铜渣。含铜熔炼渣产生于“造锍熔炼”过程中，不仅含有铜、铁、锌、镍、贵金属，而且含有较高含量SiO2、CaO等冶金熔剂，每年排放出2000万吨以上，目前累计堆存达2亿多吨。随着铜冶金技术的不断发展，传统炼铜工艺正逐渐被闪速熔炼、诺兰达、瓦纽科夫、艾萨、奥斯麦特、三菱、金峰、底吹等新技术取代，铜熔炼渣中Cu、Fe等金属含量提高，渣中铜含量达20％，远高于目前0.2％～0.3％铜矿可采品位，铁含量高达50％，远大于冶炼铁矿29wt％的平均品位。渣中还含有贵金属，大部分贵金属是与铜共生的。因此，铜熔炼渣是一种重要的二次资源。由熔炼炉放出的熔融铜熔炼渣温度高于1100℃，熔融铜渣也是重要的物理热资源。
“铜锍吹炼”产生含铜吹炼渣(转炉吹炼渣、闪速吹炼渣、顶吹炉吹炼渣、低吹炉吹炼渣等)，渣中铜含量达到35％，铁含量高达55％，渣中还含有锌、铅、贵金属等有价组分。同时，熔融含铜吹炼渣也是重要的物理热资源。目前工业上主要采用返回熔炼炉或电炉贫化或浮选选矿方法进行回收，生产成本高，仅回收铜组分，没有考虑回收其它有价组分，如铁、锌、贵金属等有价组分的回收，而且浮选法产生严重的二次污染。
含铜熔炼渣与含铜吹炼渣采用返回熔炼炉或火法贫化或选矿方法，仅考虑铜组分的回收，贫化或选矿效果不好，火法贫化后或浮选后铜渣中含有大量的重金属，大量长时间堆积后会对周边环境造成污染。火法贫化或选矿后，渣含铜>0.4％以上，高于铜的可采品位0.2％。较高的渣含铜，不利于后续的直接还原提铁或熔融还原炼铁，原因在于：在还原过程中，铜易还原并进入生铁。一般铁矿石允许含铜质量分数不超过0.2％，当超过0.3％时会降低钢材的焊接性，并引起钢的“热脆”现象，使轧制时产生裂纹。
铅的火法冶炼过程“烧结-鼓风炉还原-烟化炉”或“氧化吹炼-高铅渣还原-烟化炉”等工艺中，产生铅冶炼渣。铅冶炼渣包括含铅熔炼渣与烟化炉渣。“烧结矿鼓风炉还原”或“固态高铅渣还原”或“液态高铅渣还原工艺”还原工艺产生含铅熔炼渣，含铅熔炼渣通过烟化炉冶炼产生烟化炉渣，铅冶炼渣(烟化炉炉渣与含铅熔炼渣)是重要的二次资源。铅冶炼渣(含铅熔炼渣或烟化炉炉渣)温度在≥1050℃，铅冶炼渣不仅是重要的物理热资源。
高炉渣、钢渣与铁合金炉渣含有较高含量的金属铁、铁氧化物、铬氧化物、五氧化二磷、SiO2、CaO、MgO等有价组分是重要的二次资源；由高炉、炼钢炉与铁合金炉排放出熔融炉渣温度≥1300℃，因此，熔融高炉渣、熔融钢渣与熔融铁合金炉渣也是重要的物理热资源。
铜渣、铅冶炼渣、高炉渣、钢渣、铁合金炉渣中含有大量SiO2、CaO、MgO、Al2O3等冶金熔剂，化学反应活性强，是物理化学性质优良的熔渣体系，是冶金熟料。且由 冶金炉流出的熔融铜渣、熔融铅冶炼渣、熔融高炉渣、熔融钢渣与熔融铁合金炉渣，蕴含丰富热能资源，含大量热态冶金熔剂。熔融铜渣、熔融铅冶炼渣、熔融高炉渣、熔融钢渣与熔融铁合金炉渣化学组成、矿物组成与水泥熟料相近。
另外，火法炼铅与湿法炼锌产生大量含铜、铁、铅、锌、金、银等组分的含铜物料，是重要的的二次资源。火法炼铅工艺产生含铜烟灰、铅冰铜、黄渣、粗铅火法精炼渣，湿法炼锌工艺产生湿法炼锌渣、湿法炼锌大窑渣等。
同时，现有铜的火法冶金工艺适于处理硫化铜矿，但难以处理氧化铜矿。目前，还没有一种技术能大规模同时处理氧化铜矿物、硫化铜矿物与含铜物料，实现铜、铁的生产及二次资源的充分利用技术用于处理矿渣的环境污染问题。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
为了解决现有技术的上述问题，本发明提供一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法。该方法反应时间短、工艺流程短、金属回收率高、生产成本低、处理量大、环境友好、经济收益高、可有效解决冶金资源与热能高效回收利用问题；本发明是一种新的熔渣冶金工艺，不仅降低渣含铜，使渣含铜<0.1wt％，而且实现铜、金、银、铁、锌、铅、铟、铋、钠、钾组分的高效回收与氧化矿的处理，获得低铜金属铁或生铁水。
(二)技术方案
为了达到上述目的，本发明采用的主要技术方案包括：
一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，其包括如下步骤：
S1、炉渣混合：将铜渣加入熔炼反应装置中，加入铅冶炼渣、高炉渣、钢渣和铁合金渣中的一种或多种形成混合熔渣；同时加入氧化铜矿物、硫化铜矿物、含铜物料中的一种或几种；混合均匀，将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态作为反应熔渣，并实时监测该反应熔渣，通过调控使所述反应熔渣同时满足条件a和条件b，获得反应后的熔渣，或将反应后的熔渣倒入保温装置；
其中，所述条件a为控制反应熔渣温度为1050～1450℃；
所述条件b为控制反应熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.15～1.5；
S2、分离回收：所述步骤S1反应后的熔渣，保温5～50min，沉降分离获得底部的富铜相、中下部的富铁相与中上部的含铁硅酸盐矿物相，同时生成含锌组分与含铅组分的烟尘，金组分、银组分进入富铜相；对各相进行回收处理。
如上所述的方法，优选地，在所述步骤S1中，对于所述条件a调控的方法为：
当所述反应熔渣的温度＜1050℃时，利用反应装置自身的加热功能，或向熔渣中加入燃料或熔融铜渣、熔融铅冶炼渣、熔融镍冶炼渣、熔融高炉渣、熔融钢渣或熔融铁合金渣的一种或多种，喷入燃料时，同时喷入预热的氧化性气体，使反应熔渣的温度达到1050～1450℃；
当所述反应熔渣的温度＞1450℃时，向含铜与铁的反应熔渣中加入镍冶炼渣、氧化铜矿物、硫化铜矿物、含铜物料、高炉渣、钢渣、铁合金渣、冶金熔剂、含铁物料或含氟物料中的一种或几种，使混合的反应熔渣的温度达到1050～1450℃；
对于所述条件b调控的方法为：
当所述反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值<0.15时，向反应熔渣中加入碱性物料和/或碱性含铁物料；
当所述反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值>1.5时，向反应熔渣中加入酸性物料和/或酸性含铁物料。
如上所述的方法，优选地，所述反应装置为保温装置或可转动的熔炼反应装置或带有渣口或铁口熔渣可流出的熔炼反应装置；其中，所述保温装置为可倾倒的熔炼反 应渣灌或保温地坑；
所述可转动的熔炼反应装置为转炉、熔炼反应渣罐；
所述带有渣口或铁口熔渣可流出的熔炼反应装置为等离子炉、直流电弧炉、交流电弧炉、矿热炉、鼓风炉、高炉、感应炉、冲天炉、侧吹熔池熔炼炉、底吹熔池熔炼炉、顶吹熔池熔炼炉、反射炉、奥斯麦特炉、艾萨炉、瓦钮可夫熔池熔炼炉、侧吹回转炉、底吹回转炉、顶吹回转炉、铜熔炼炉的电热前床。
如上所述的方法，优选地，在所述步骤S1中，满足所述条件a和b的同时，应同时满足，控制所述熔渣保持铜氧化物和铁氧化物还原为金属铜和FeO，熔渣中金属铁含量<3％。可通过加入还原剂、含碳的含铁物料中的一种或两种进行调控，其中，所述还原剂和/或含碳的含铁物料的的用量为熔渣中铜和铁氧化物还原为金属铜和FeO的理论量110～140％；所述含碳的含铁物料为钢铁尘泥与烟灰、铁精矿含碳预还原球团、铁精矿含碳金属化球团、湿法炼锌挥发窑渣或焦炭炉尘泥与烟灰。
如上所述的方法，优选地，所述铜渣是含铜熔炼渣、含铜吹炼渣、贫化弃渣、浮选尾渣、湿法炼铜渣中的一种或多种，其中，所述含铜熔炼渣产生于铜的火法冶炼工艺的“造锍熔炼”过程，包括奥斯迈特炉熔炼渣、闪速炉熔炼渣、诺兰达炉熔炼渣、艾萨炉熔炼渣、瓦纽科夫炉熔炼渣、三菱法熔炼渣、卡尔多炉熔炼渣、白银炉熔炼渣、水口山法熔炼渣、特尼恩特熔炼渣、反射炉熔炼渣、电炉熔炼渣、密闭鼓风炉熔炼渣、低吹炉熔炼渣、侧吹炉熔炼渣；所述含铜吹炼渣产生于铜的火法冶炼工艺的“铜锍吹炼”过程，包括转炉吹炼铜渣、闪速炉吹炼铜渣、诺兰达炉连续吹炼铜渣、顶吹炉吹炼铜渣、侧吹炉吹炼铜渣、底吹炉吹炼铜渣、顶吹炉连续吹炼铜渣、侧吹炉连续吹炼铜渣、底吹炉连续吹炼铜渣；所述贫化弃渣为含铜熔炼渣与含铜吹炼渣贫化后弃渣，浮选尾渣为含铜熔炼渣与含铜吹炼渣选矿后尾渣，湿法炼铜渣为湿法炼铜产生的弃渣；所述铜熔炼渣与铜吹炼渣为熔融态或冷态，其中：熔融铜熔炼渣由“造锍熔炼”过程的铜熔炼炉出渣口获得，或将含铜熔炼渣加热至熔融状态，熔融铜吹炼渣由“铜锍吹炼”过程的铜吹炼炉出渣口获得，或将铜吹炼渣加热至熔融状态，熔融铜火法贫化弃渣由贫化炉出渣口获得，或将火法弃渣加热至熔融状态；
所述铅冶炼渣为熔融态或冷态，其中熔融态炉渣由火法炼铅工艺的还原阶段的出渣口或烟化炉出渣口获得；高炉渣、钢渣与铁合金渣为熔融态，或冷态，其中：熔融态炉渣(高炉渣、钢渣与铁合金渣)由出渣口获得，或将冷态炉渣(高炉渣、钢渣与铁合金渣)加热至熔融状态；所述钢渣为铁水预脱硫渣(脱硫渣、脱硅渣、脱磷渣)、转炉渣、电炉渣、VOD/VAD渣、VD渣、中间包弃渣；所述铁合金渣为铁合金生产过程中产生的炉渣，包括冶炼碳素锰铁产生的炉渣、冶炼铬铁产生的炉渣、冶炼镍铁产生的炉渣、冶炼钒铁产生的炉渣、冶炼硅铁产生的炉渣、冶炼铌铁产生的炉渣、冶炼钼铁产生的炉渣；所述铅冶炼渣为烟化炉炉渣与含铅熔炼渣的一种或两种，或“ISP铅锌鼓风炉还原”或“烧结矿鼓风炉还原”或“固态高铅渣还原”或“液态高铅渣还原工艺”还原工艺产生的含铅熔炼渣，含铅熔炼渣通过烟化炉冶炼产生含铅烟化炉渣；
所述氧化铜矿物包括赤铜矿、黑铜矿、孔雀石、蓝铜矿、硅孔雀石、胆矾中的一种或多种；所述硫化铜矿物包括辉铜矿、铜蓝、黄铜矿、斑铜矿、硫砷铜矿或黝铜矿中的一种或多种。
如上所述的方法，优选地，所述燃料与还原剂为固体、液体或气体燃料中的一种或多种，以喷吹或投料的方式喷入，用0～1200℃的气体载入，所述气体是氧化性气体、氩气、氮气中的一种或多种。
进一步地，所述固体燃料与还原剂为煤粉、焦粉、焦炭、粉煤灰、烟煤或无烟煤中的一种或多种，形状为粒状或粉状，粒状物料粒度为5～25mm，粉状物料粒度为≤150μm；所述液体燃料与还原剂为重油，所述气体燃料与还原剂为煤气和/或天然气。
优选地，所述含铜物料是铜渣、选铜尾矿、粗铜火法精炼渣、锌冶炼渣、锌冶炼烟灰与尘泥、镍冶炼渣、铅冰铜、铅锌尾矿、砷冰铜、粗铅火法精炼渣、铅冶炼渣、铅冶炼烟尘与烟灰、铅酸电池、铜冶炼烟灰与尘泥、杂铜、锡冶炼渣、锡尾矿、含铜垃圾或含铜电路板中的一种或几种；所述镍冶炼渣是“造锍熔炼”工艺产生的镍熔炼渣、“铜冰镍吹炼”工艺吹炼后的贫化炉渣、顶吹熔炼产生的镍沉降炉渣中一种或多种；所述锌冶炼炉渣包括湿法炼锌产生的炉渣与火法法炼锌产生的炉渣，包括浸出渣、铁矾渣、铜镉渣、针铁矿渣、赤铁矿渣、挥发窑渣、竖罐炼锌渣、鼓风炉渣、旋涡炉渣、烟化炉渣、电炉炼锌渣；所述冶金熔剂为含CaO或SiO2的矿物，具体包括石英砂、含金银石英砂、赤泥、脱钠后高钙赤泥、电石渣、白云石或石灰石中的一种或几种；
所述含铁物料是普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿直接还原铁，普通铁精矿烧结矿、普通铁精矿球团矿、普通铁精矿金属化球团、普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团、轧钢氧化铁鳞、钢渣、锌冶炼渣、焦炭冶炼烟尘与尘泥、钢铁烟尘与尘泥、含镍冶炼渣、铜渣、铅冶炼渣、锌冶炼渣、锡冶炼渣、赤泥、脱钠后高钙赤泥、煤粉灰、硫酸烧渣中的一种或几种，其中，所述钢铁烟尘与尘泥包括高炉瓦斯泥、转炉尘泥、电炉尘泥、热或冷轧污泥、烧结粉尘、球团粉尘、出铁厂集尘、高炉瓦斯灰、电炉除尘灰、轧钢氧化铁皮；
所述含铜物料与含铁物料为热态或冷态，其中热态物料由冶金炉出料口或出渣口直接获得，湿法炼锌渣、湿法炼铜渣与尘泥需经脱水、干燥；所述含氟物料是萤石、CaF2或含氟高炉渣中的一种或几种；所述碱性物料为石灰粉、赤泥、脱钠后高钙赤泥、电石渣、白云石粉或生石灰粉中的一种或几种；所述碱性含铁物料为CaO/SiO2＞1的含铁物料、碱性烧结矿、碱性铁精矿、铁合金炉渣、钢渣、碱性预还原球团或碱性金属化球团中的一种或几种；
所述酸性物料为硅石、粉煤灰、煤矸石中的一种或多种；所述酸性含铁物料为CaO/SiO2≤1的含铁物料、酸性烧结矿、酸性铁精矿、酸性预还原球团、酸性金属化球团、铜渣、铅冶炼渣、锌冶炼渣、镍冶炼渣中的一种或几种。
如上所述的方法，优选地，在所述步骤S2中分离回收中，对所述富铜相、富铁相与含铁硅酸盐矿物相分别进行处理，或将任两相结合处理。
具体地，所述步骤S2中的分离回收，采用如下方法一到方法五中任一方法处理：
方法一、采用熔渣可流出熔炼反应装置时，反应完成后的熔渣分离后进行如下步骤：
S2-1-01、所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相，进行如下方法A-G中的任一种处理；
方法A：水淬或空冷后直接用作水泥原料；
方法B：部分或全部所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相返回到所述反应熔渣中作为热态冶金熔剂；
方法C：用于浇筑微晶玻璃或作为矿渣棉；方法D：所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相的熔渣氧化后空冷或水淬，方法包括：熔渣保留在熔炼反应装置内或将熔渣倒入保温装置，向含铁硅酸盐的熔渣中，吹入温度为0～1200℃的预热氧化性气体，并保证硅酸盐的熔渣温度>1450℃；当熔渣氧化亚铁的重量百分含量<1％，获得氧化后的熔渣；所述氧化后的熔渣直接空冷或水淬，用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂或水泥熟料；
进一步地，当含铁硅酸盐熔渣温度<1450℃，喷入预热燃料与预热的氧化性气体，燃烧放热、补充热量，或装置自身加热，使含铁硅酸盐熔渣温度>1450℃；
方法E：所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相用于生产高附加值的水泥熟料，包括如下步骤：
E-1、含铁硅酸盐矿物相保留在熔炼反应装置内或将熔渣倒入保温装置，向含铁硅酸盐矿物相的熔渣中，加入熔融钢渣、石灰、石灰石、铁合金炉渣、粉煤灰、碱性铁贫矿、铝土矿、熔融高炉渣、赤泥、脱钠后赤泥或电石渣中的一种或几种，充分混合， 获得熔渣混合物料；
E-2、向上熔渣混合物料中吹入预热温度为0～1190℃的氧化性气体，并保证熔渣混合物料温度>1450℃；当氧化亚铁重量百分比含量<1％，获得氧化后的熔渣；
E-3、所述氧化后的熔渣，进行空冷或水淬，制得高附加值的水泥熟料；
方法F：所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相的熔渣作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料：将含铁硅酸盐熔渣空冷、水淬或缓冷后，用作高炉炼铁或直接还原炼铁原料，直接还原后，采用磁选分离或电炉熔分，磁选产物为金属铁与尾矿，电炉熔分，产物为铁水与熔渣；
或将熔渣倒入保温装置后，采用熔渣改性后磁选分离，包括：向保温装置中的熔渣，吹入0～1200℃的预热的氧化性气体，并保证其熔渣温度>1250℃；
进一步地，当熔渣温度<1250℃，喷入预热燃料与预热的氧化性气体，燃烧放热、补充热量，或装置自身加热，使熔渣温度>1250℃；
将上述氧化后的熔渣缓冷至室温，破碎、磁选，产物为磁铁矿精矿与尾矿，尾矿作为建筑材料；
方法G：所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相进行还原炼铁，包括如下步骤：
G-1、含铁硅酸盐矿物相保留在熔炼反应装置内或将该熔渣倒入保温装置，或加入含铁物料，同时加入还原剂，进行熔融还原，实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时满足条件：反应熔渣的温度为1350～1670℃和反应熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.4，获得反应完成后的熔渣；
其中，控制反应熔渣的温度的方法为：
当反应熔渣的温度＜1350℃，通过反应装置自身的加热，或向熔渣中加入燃料与预热的氧化性气体，使反应熔渣的温度达到1350～1670℃；
当反应熔渣的温度＞1670℃，向反应熔渣中加入冶金熔剂、含铁物料或含氟物料中的一种或几种，使反应熔渣的温度达到1350～1670℃，其中，所述冶金熔剂为含CaO或SiO2的矿物，具体为石英砂、含金银石英砂、赤泥、脱钠后高钙赤泥、电石渣、白云石或石灰石中的一种或几种；
控制反应熔渣的碱度的方法为：
当反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值<0.6时，向熔渣中加入碱性物料和/或碱性含铁物料；
当反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值>2.4时，向熔渣中加入酸性物料和/或酸性含铁物料；
G-2、所述G-1中熔融还原时还需向熔渣中喷吹0～1200℃预热后的氧化性气体进行熔融还原，形成还原后的熔渣；
G-3、分离回收：采用以下两种方法中的一种进行：
方法Ⅰ：将还原后的混合熔渣倒入保温渣罐，缓慢冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；其中，金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁与尾矿；
方法Ⅱ：还原后的混合熔渣，沉降，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；所述还原后的熔渣，按照方法A～E中的一种或几种方法进行熔渣处理；所述铁水，送往转炉或电炉炼钢；
S2-1-02、所述富铜相，送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜或缓冷破碎磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或经磁选分离金属铁或不经磁选分离金属铁后，直接还原，还原产物经磁选分离金属铁后，再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜；
S2-1-03、部分所述含锌组分与含铅组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘回收；
S2-1-04、部分含金组分与含银组分进入富铜相；
S2-1-05、所述富铁相层进行水淬或空冷或倒入保温装置缓冷后或经人工分拣与重选结合获得，作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料或浮选提铜原料或磁选分离金属铁后作为炼铜或直接还原炼铁的原料；直接还原过程中，还原产物磁选分离后，获得金属铁与尾矿，尾矿返回炼铜系统；浮选过程中，浮选产物为含铜精矿与铁精矿，铜精矿返回炼铜系统，铁精矿作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料；其中，所述直接还原过程采用转底炉、隧道窑、车底路、竖炉、回转窑或感应炉作为还原设备，利用气基或煤基还原技术，气基还原采用天然气和/或煤气，煤基还原采用无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤、焦煤、焦粉或焦炭中的一种或几种，控制还原温度为900～1400℃，控制碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.8～1.5；还原产生的煤气在熔渣表面二次燃烧，提供了热量，而且由炉内流出的煤气可以作为烘干炉料与保温装置的热源；
此外，因赤泥中含有钾、钠，尘泥与钢铁烟灰中含有铅、锌、铋、铟，所以添加这些原料时，部分铟组分、铋组分、含钾组分、含钠组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘。
方法二、采用熔渣可流出的熔炼反应装置时，获得的所述富铁相和含铁硅酸盐矿物相处理方法用方法一中所述方法A～G中一种或几种进行处理，倒入保温装置缓冷后的富铜相，送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或碎磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或经磁选分离金属铁或不经磁选分离金属铁后，直接还原，还原产物经磁选分离金属铁后，再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜。
方法三、采用熔渣可转动的转炉与反应渣罐时，获得熔融态所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相，处理方法用方法一中所述方法A～G中一种或几种进行处理；含有所述富铁相按S2-1-05进行处理；所述熔融态或倒入保温装置缓冷后的富铜相，送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或碎磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或经磁选分离金属铁或不经磁选分离金属铁后，直接还原，还原产物经磁选分离金属铁后，再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜。
方法四、采用熔渣可转动的转炉与反应渣罐时，获得的熔融态所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相与富铁相，处理方法用方法一中所述方法A～G中一种或几种进行处理；所述熔融态富铜相，送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或缓冷后碎磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或经磁选分离金属铁或不经磁选分离金属铁后，直接还原，还原产物经磁选分离金属铁后，再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜。
方法五：采用保温装置时，或采用熔渣可流出的熔炼反应装置，将熔渣倒入保温装置时，进行如下步骤：
S201、沉降冷却：熔渣缓慢冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；所述富铜相沉降到反应装置的底部，形成富铜坨；所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相上浮；中间为缓冷渣为富铁相，同时生成含锌组分与含铅组分；其中，镍、钴、金、银组分迁移到富铜相；
S202、分离：人工取出沉降在底部的富铜坨，或富铜坨破碎磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或经磁选分离金属铁或不经磁选分离金属铁后，直接还原，还原产物经磁选分离金属铁后，再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜；所述富铁相与含铁硅酸盐相作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料或浮选提铜原料或磁选分离金属铁后作为炼铜或直接还原炼铁的原料；直接还原过程中，还原产物磁选分离后，获得金属铁与尾矿，尾矿返回炼铜系统；浮选产物为含铜精矿与铁精矿，铜精矿返回炼铜系统，铁精矿作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料；
S203、人工取出上部的含铁硅酸盐矿物相，获得硅酸盐相作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料或水泥原料；
S204、部分锌组分与铅组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘回收；
S205、添加有赤泥中或尘泥与钢铁烟灰这些原料时，部分铟组分、铋组分、含钾组分、含钠组分挥发，进入烟尘回收。
如上所述方法，优选地，所述氧化性气体为预热的空气、氧气、富氧空气、氮气-空气、氩气-空气、氧气-氮气、氧气-氩气中的一种。
如上所述方法，优选地，在所述步骤S1中，所述混合均匀为自然混合或搅拌混合，所述搅拌混合的方式为氩气搅拌、氮气搅拌、氮气-氩气混合气搅拌、还原性气体搅拌、氧化性气体、电磁搅拌或机械搅拌中的一种或几种；
在所述步骤S2中，所述沉降为自然沉降或旋转沉降或离心沉降；进行冷却沉降时的冷却方式为自然冷却或旋转冷却或离心冷却，所述分离时，用重力分选法是摇床分选、溜槽分选或者二者相结合。
与现有技术相比，本发明的特点是：
(1)本发明的一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，既可以处理热态熔渣，充分利用熔融铜渣与熔融冶金渣(熔融铅冶炼渣、熔融高炉渣、熔融钢渣、熔融铁合金渣)中的一种或几种)物理热资源和热态冶金熔剂，又可以处理氧化铜矿物、硫化铜矿物或含铁物料，通过熔渣混合或冷态混合，实现了熔渣冶金改性，是一种新的铜冶炼技术；有效解决冶金资源与热能高效回收利用问题及环境污染问题；(2)混合熔渣中的熔渣冶金反应，铁橄榄石解体，铁氧化物充分释放出来，实现长大与沉降，混合熔渣中的金属铁组分聚集、长大与沉降，富铁相包括金属铁、FeO相、铁橄榄石相中的多种，作为高炉炼铁或直接还原或熔融还原炼铁的原料；(3)混合熔渣中的铜组分、金银组分分别富集于富铜相，并实现长大与沉降；其中，富铜相包括有铜、白冰铜、冰铜相、含铁组分中的多种，或部分铜组分进入富铁相；(4)混合熔渣中的锌组分、铅组分富集于烟尘，加以回收；(5)部分含铟组分、铋组分、含钾组分、含钠组分挥发进入烟尘进行回收；(6)采用人工分拣、磁选、重选、或渣-金分离的方法结合的方法，分离沉降在不同部位的富铜相铁氧化物与上部的硅酸盐矿物相，实现混合熔渣中铜组分、金银组分、铁组分的高效回收；(7)可以处理固态含铜、铁物料，达到资源高效综合利用；(8)熔渣实现调质，上部尾渣利用限制因素消失，可作为水泥原料或建筑材料或代替碎石作骨料和路材或作为高炉炼铁与直接还原炼铁与熔融还原炼铁的原料；(9)本工艺采用混合熔渣，实现了铜、铁组分的分离；本工艺采用混合熔渣，整个过程无需冶金熔剂或少量补偿冶金熔剂，可以处理氧化铜矿物、硫化铜矿物或含铁物料。本发明方法可连续或间断的进行，满足工业生产需要。
(三)有益效果
本发明的有益效果是：
(1)本发明实现有色冶金炉渣与钢铁冶金炉渣中铜组分、铁组分、锌组分、铅组分、金、银、铟、铋、钠与钾组分有价组分的综合利用，解决目前炉渣大量堆积，环境污染问题。
(2)本发明可以大规模处理铁合金炉渣、钢渣、高炉渣、铅冶炼渣与含铜炉渣，可以解决重金属元素污染问题，实现重金属组分的回收。
(3)本发明可以处理氧化铜矿物、硫化铜矿物或含铁物料。
(4)本发明的原料可以是出渣口中流出的液态熔融铜渣和熔融冶金渣(熔融铅冶炼渣、熔融高炉渣、熔融钢渣、熔融铁合金渣中的一种或几种)，具有高温度、高热量的特点，充分利用了熔渣物理热资源；混合熔渣中含有大量的热态冶金熔剂，都是物理化学性质优良的熔渣体系，实现了冶金资源与热资源的高效利用；充分利用了混合熔渣高反应化学活性的特点，实现了熔渣冶金。
(5)本发明通过熔渣混合，保温或喷吹气体，使熔渣中铜组、金组分与银组分富集 到富铜相，实现聚集、长大与沉降，或部分铜组分进入富铁相，熔渣中锌组分、铅组分、铟组分、铋组分、钠组分、钾组分挥发，进入烟尘加以回收。。
(6)本发明方法中，加入冷态物料与熔融铜渣避免了熔渣温度过高，提高保温装置的寿命；加入冷态物料与熔融铜渣提高了原料处理量，不仅可以处理液态熔渣，而且可以处理少量冷态物料，原料适应性强；加入冷态物料实现了熔渣冶金反应释放的化学热与熔渣物理热的利用。
(7)本发明方法冷却沉降过程中，熔渣中铜组分、金银组分分别富集于富铜相，并实现聚集、长大与沉降，熔渣中铁组分富集于富铁相，并实现聚集、长大与沉降，其中，富铜相包括有铜、白冰铜、冰铜相、含铁组分中的多种，或部分铜组分进入富铁相，富铁相包括金属铁、FeO相、铁橄榄石相中的多种，作为高炉炼铁或直接还原或熔融还原炼铁的原料；装有熔渣的保温装置置于旋转平台上旋转，加速富铜相、富铁相的聚集、长大与沉降；含氟物料的加入，加速富铜相、富铁相的聚集、长大与沉降。
(8)本发明方法熔渣中磷组分迁移、富集于硅酸盐矿物相，并实现上浮；上部硅酸盐矿物相中，自由氧化钙与自由氧化镁消失，矿物可磨性增加，熔渣实现调质。
(9)本发明方法采用人工分拣、磁选、重选或渣-金分离结合的方法，分别对分布在上部、中部与底部的硅酸盐矿物相、富铁相、富铜相进行分离，实现熔渣中有价组分的高效回收；由于富铁相、富铜相沉降在中、下部，因此，需分选炉渣量小，矿物可磨性增加，磨矿、磁选与重选成本低；后续的分离过程采用磁选或重选，分离的介质为水，分离过程中不会产生环境污染，使得整个熔渣处理工艺具有流程短、操作简单、回收率高、无废水产生，具有高效、清洁、环保的特点；由于熔渣经过调质处理，尾矿作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用或作为高炉炼铁与直接还原的原料，尾矿利用价值大，应用范围广。
(10)富铁相作为高炉炼铁或直接还原或熔融还原炼铁的原料，大量生产金属铁或铁水。
(12)本发明既可以处理热态熔渣，充分利用熔融铜渣与熔融冶金渣物理热资源和热态冶金熔剂，处理氧化铜矿物、硫化铜矿物或含铁物料，利用混合熔渣冶金反应，通过熔渣混合或冷态混合后加热，实现了熔渣冶金，熔渣中铜迁移、富集于富铜相，并实现聚集、长大与沉降；铁组分迁移、富集于富铁相，实现聚集、长大与沉降，熔渣中锌组分、铅组分、铟组分、铋组分、钠组分、钾组分挥发，进入烟尘；分离沉降在不同部位的富铜相、铁氧化物与硅酸盐矿物相，实现混合熔渣中有价组分的高效回收；处理固态含铜、铁物料，同时实现熔渣调质处理。该方法工艺流程短、金属回收率高、生产成本低、原料适应性强、处理量大、环境友好、经济收益高、可有效解决冶金资源与热能高效回收利用问题。
具体实施方式
本发明的一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，具体包括以下步骤：
步骤1，炉渣混合：
将铜渣，加入保温转置或熔渣可流出的熔炼反应装置中，并加入铅冶炼渣(烟化炉炉渣和/或含铅熔炼渣)、高炉渣、钢渣和铁合金渣中的一种或多种形成混合熔渣；同时加入氧化铜矿物、硫化铜矿物、含铜物料中的一种或两种；混合均匀，将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态作为反应熔渣，并实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控使所述反应熔渣同时保证如下(a)和(b)两个参数，获得反应完成后的熔渣，或将反应完后的熔渣倒入保温装置；
(a)含铜与铁的反应熔渣的温度为1050～1450℃；
(b)含铜与铁的反应熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.15～1.5；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：控制含铜与铁的反应熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法为：
当含铜与铁的反应熔渣的温度＜设定温度范围下限1050℃时，通过反应装置自身的加热功能，或向熔渣中加入燃料或熔融铜渣、熔融铅冶炼渣、熔融镍冶炼渣、熔融高炉渣、熔融钢渣或熔融铁合金渣的一种或多种。喷入燃料时，同时喷入预热氧化性气体，使熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围1050～1450℃内；
当含铜与铁的反应熔渣的温度＞设定温度范围上限1450℃时，向含铜与铁的反应熔渣中加入含铜物料、氧化铜矿物、硫化铜、镍冶炼渣、高炉渣、钢渣、铁合金渣、冶金熔剂、含铁物料或含氟物料中的一种或几种，使混合熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围1050～1450℃内；
对应(b)：
当含铜与铁的反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值<0.15时，向反应熔渣中加入碱性物料和/或碱性含铁物料；
当含铜与铁的反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值>1.5时，向反应熔渣中加入酸性物料和/或酸性含铁物料；
步骤2，分离回收：
反应完成后的熔渣，保温5～50min，沉降，渣-金分离，获得底部的熔融态富铜相层、中下部的熔融态富铁相与中上部的熔融态含铁硅酸盐矿物相，同时生成含锌组分与含铅组分的烟尘，金银组分迁移到富铜相，
采用以下方法中的一种对各相进行回收处理：
(1)熔融态含铁硅酸盐矿物相，进行熔渣处理；
(2)熔融态富铜，送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或碎磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或经磁选分离金属铁或不经磁选分离金属铁后，直接还原，还原产物经磁选分离金属铁后，再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜；
(3)部分铅组分、锌组分、铟组分、铋组分、钠组分、钾组分挥发进入烟尘回收；
(4)富铁相进行水淬或空冷或倒入保温装置缓冷或经人工分拣与重选结合获得，作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料或浮选提铜原料或磁选分离金属铁后作为炼铜或直接还原炼铁的原料；浮选产物为含铜精矿与铁精矿，铜精矿返回炼铜系统，铁精矿作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料；其中，在直接还原过程中，还原产物磁选分离后，获得金属铁与尾矿，尾矿返回炼铜系统；所述直接还原过程采用转底炉、隧道窑、车底路、竖炉、回转窑或感应炉作为还原设备，利用气基或煤基还原技术，气基还原为天然气和/或煤气，煤基还原为无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤、焦煤、焦粉或焦炭中的一种或几种，还原温度为900～1400℃，碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.8～1.5。
其中，步骤(1)中的含铁硅酸盐矿物相，进行熔渣处理，采用方法A～G中的一种：
方法A：含铁硅酸盐矿物相作为水泥原料：
含铁硅酸盐矿物相水淬或空冷直接作为水泥原料或进一步处理成高附加值的水泥原料。
方法B：部分或全部含铁硅酸盐矿物相返回到所述含铜反应熔渣：
部分或全部含铁硅酸盐矿物相返回到含铜反应熔渣，作为热态冶金熔剂，调整含铜反应熔渣成分，控制含铜反应熔渣温度。
方法C：含铁硅酸盐矿物相浇筑微晶玻璃或作为矿渣棉。
方法D：含铁硅酸盐熔渣氧化后空冷或水淬：
(1)向熔炼反应装置内的含铁硅酸盐熔渣中，吹入预热的氧化性气体，当熔渣氧化亚铁含量<1％，完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度 为0～1200℃；并在整个过程中，保证(c)硅酸盐熔渣温度>1450℃；
对应(c)采用的控制方法：
当含铁硅酸盐熔渣温度<1450℃，喷入预热燃料与预热的氧化性气体，燃烧放热、补充热量，或装置自身加热，使硅酸盐熔渣温度>1450℃；
(2)氧化后的熔渣直接空冷或水淬，用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂或水泥熟料。
方法E：含铁硅酸盐熔渣处理生产高附加值的水泥熟料：
(1)向熔炼反应装置内的含铁硅酸盐熔渣中，加入熔融钢渣、石灰、石灰石、铁合金炉渣、粉煤灰、碱性铁贫矿、铝土矿、熔融高炉渣、赤泥、脱钠后赤泥或电石渣中的一种或几种，充分混合，获得熔渣混合物料；
(2)向熔渣混合物料中吹入预热的氧化性气体，当氧化亚铁含量<1％，完成熔渣的氧化，获得氧化后的熔渣，其中，氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1190℃；并在整个过程中，保证(d)熔渣混合物料温度>1450℃；温度控制方法同方法D步骤(1)中的硅酸盐熔渣温度控制方法；
(3)氧化后的熔渣，进行空冷或水淬，制得高附加值的水泥熟料。
方法F：所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相熔渣作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料：将含铁硅酸盐矿物相的熔渣空冷、水淬或缓冷后，用作高炉炼铁或直接还原炼铁原料，直接还原后，采用磁选分离或电炉熔分，磁选产物为金属铁与尾矿，电炉熔分，产物为铁水与熔渣；
或将所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相的熔渣倒入保温装置后，采用以下方法进行分离：熔渣改性后磁选分离：向保温装置中的熔渣，吹入0～1200℃的预热的氧化性气体，并保证其熔渣温度>1250℃，完成熔渣中磁铁矿的转化；将上述氧化后的熔渣缓冷至室温，破碎、磁选，产物为磁铁矿精矿与尾矿，尾矿作为建筑材料。方法G：含铁硅酸盐熔渣熔融还原炼铁：
(1)将含铁硅酸盐熔渣保留在熔炼反应装置内或将熔渣倒入保温装置，向熔融态熔渣加入含铁物料，还原剂，进行熔融还原，实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时保证如下(a)和(b)两个参数，获得反应完成后的熔渣；
(a)反应熔渣的温度为1350～1670℃；
(b)反应熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.4；
调控方法为：
对应(a)：
控制反应熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法为：
当反应熔渣的温度＜设定温度范围下限1350℃时，通过反应装置自身的加热功能，或向熔渣中加入燃料与预热的氧化性气体，使反应熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围1350～1670℃内；
当反应熔渣的温度＞设定温度范围上限1350℃时，向反应熔渣中加入冶金熔剂、含铁物料或含氟物料中的一种或几种，使反应熔渣的温度达到设定温度范围1350～1670℃内；
对应(b)：
当反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值<0.6时，向熔渣中加入碱性物料和/或碱性含铁物料；
当反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值>2.4时，向熔渣中加入酸性物料和/或酸性含铁物料；
(2)向熔渣中喷吹预热后的氧化性气体进行熔融还原，形成还原后的熔渣，其中：氧化性气体的预热温度为0～1200℃，并在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个 参数：
(a)反应完成后的熔渣的温度为1350～1670℃；
(b)反应完成后的熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.4；
其中，设定温度范围和碱度调控方法同方法G步骤(1)；
(3)分离回收：
采用以下方法中的一种：
方法Ⅰ：进行如下步骤：
(a)冷却：将还原后的混合熔渣倒入保温渣罐，冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；
(b)分离：金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，人工取出铁坨；将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁与尾矿；
(c)尾矿的回收利用，作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材或磷肥使用；
方法Ⅱ：进行如下步骤：
(a)还原后的混合熔渣，冷却沉降，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；
(b)还原后的熔渣，进行炉外熔渣处理，具体方式为：采用步骤2的分离回收方法一中的方法A～E中的一种或几种，进行熔渣处理；
(c)铁水，送往转炉或电炉炼钢；
(d)含锌组分与含铅组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘回收；
(e)部分铟组分、铋组分、钠组分、钾组分挥发进入烟尘；
(f)还原产生的煤气在熔渣表面二次燃烧，提供了热量，而且由炉内流出的煤气可以作为烘干炉料与保温装置的热源。
方法二：采用熔渣可流出的熔炼反应装置时，反应完成后的熔渣进行如下步骤：
(1)冷态富铜相，送往转炉炼铜或吹炼炉炼铜，或碎磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或经磁选分离金属铁或不经磁选分离金属铁后，直接还原，还原产物经磁选分离金属铁后，再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜；
(2)富铁相层与含铁硅酸盐矿物相采用处理方法用方法一中所述方法A～G中一种或几种进行处理；
(3)部分含锌组分与含铅组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘回收；
(4)部分铟组分、铋组分、钠组分、钾组分挥发进入烟尘。
方法三：采用熔渣可转动的转炉与反应渣罐时，反应完成后的熔渣进行如下步骤：
(1)熔融态含铁硅酸盐矿物相，进行熔渣处理，具体处理方式为：采用步骤2的分离回收方法一中的方法A～G中的一种或几种进行熔渣处理；含有所述富铁相采用方法一中的步骤(4)进行处理；
(2)熔融态富铜相或倒入保温装置缓冷后，送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或碎磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或经磁选分离金属铁或不经磁选分离金属铁后，直接还原，还原产物经磁选分离金属铁后，再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜；
(3)部分铅组分、锌组分、铟组分、铋组分、钠组分、钾组分挥发进入烟尘；
方法四：采用熔渣可转动的转炉与反应渣罐时，反应完成后的熔渣进行如下步骤：
(1)熔融态含铁硅酸盐矿物相与富铁相，进行熔渣处理，具体方式为：采用步骤2的分离回收方法一中的方法A～G中的一种或几种进行处理；
(2)熔融态富铜相，送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或缓冷后碎磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜或经磁选分离金属铁或不经磁选分离金属铁后，直接还原，还原产物经磁选分离金属铁后，再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜；
(3)部分铅组分、锌组分、铟组分、铋组分、钠组分、钾组分挥发进入烟尘；
方法五：采用保温装置时，或采用熔渣可流出的熔炼反应装置，将熔渣倒入保温 装置时，反应完成后的熔渣进行如下步骤：
(1)沉降冷却：反应完成后的熔渣缓慢冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；富铜相沉降到反应装置的底部，形成富铜坨；含铁硅酸盐矿物相上浮；富铜相和含铁硅酸盐矿物中间的缓冷渣为富铁相，同时生成含锌组分与含铅组分；金银组分迁移到富铜相；
(2)分离：人工取出沉降在底部的富铜坨，磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或碎磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或经磁选分离金属铁或不经磁选分离金属铁后，直接还原，还原产物经磁选分离金属铁后，再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜；中部的富铁相层作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料或浮选提铜原料或磁选分离金属铁后作为炼铜或直接还原的原料；在浮选过程中，浮选产物为含铜精矿与铁精矿，铜精矿返回炼铜系统，铁精矿作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料；在直接还原过程中，还原产物磁选分离后，获得金属铁与尾矿，尾矿返回炼铜系统；
所述直接还原过程采用转底炉、隧道窑、车底路、竖炉、回转窑或感应炉作为还原设备，利用气基或煤基还原技术，气基还原采用天然气和/或煤气，煤基还原采用无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤、焦煤、焦粉或焦炭中的一种或几种，控制还原温度为900～1400℃，控制碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.8～1.5；
(3)人工取出上部的含铁硅酸盐矿物相，作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料或作为水泥原料、建筑材料、代替碎石作骨料、路材使用；
部分铅组分、锌组分、铟组分、铋组分、钠组分、钾组分挥发进入烟尘。
如上所述的方法，优选地，所述的步骤1与2中，所述铜渣是含铜熔炼渣、含铜吹炼渣、贫化弃渣、浮选尾渣、湿法炼铜渣中的一种或多种，其中，所述含铜熔炼渣产生于铜的火法冶炼工艺的“造锍熔炼”过程，包括奥斯迈特炉熔炼渣、闪速炉熔炼渣、诺兰达炉熔炼渣、艾萨炉熔炼渣、瓦纽科夫炉熔炼渣、三菱法熔炼渣、卡尔多炉熔炼渣、白银炉熔炼渣、水口山法熔炼渣、特尼恩特熔炼渣、反射炉熔炼渣、电炉熔炼渣、密闭鼓风炉熔炼渣、低吹炉熔炼渣、侧吹炉熔炼渣；所述含铜吹炼渣产生于铜的火法冶炼工艺的“铜锍吹炼”过程，包括转炉吹炼铜渣、闪速炉吹炼铜渣、诺兰达炉连续吹炼铜渣、顶吹炉吹炼铜渣、侧吹炉吹炼铜渣、底吹炉吹炼铜渣、顶吹炉连续吹炼铜渣、侧吹炉连续吹炼铜渣、底吹炉连续吹炼铜渣；所述贫化弃渣为含铜熔炼渣与含铜吹炼渣贫化后弃渣，浮选尾渣为含铜熔炼渣与含铜吹炼渣选矿后尾渣，所述湿法炼铜渣产生于湿法炼铜工艺；所述铜熔炼渣与铜吹炼渣为熔融态或冷态，其中：熔融铜熔炼渣由“造锍熔炼”过程的铜熔炼炉出渣口获得，或将含铜熔炼渣加热至熔融状态，熔融铜吹炼渣由“铜锍吹炼”过程的铜吹炼炉出渣口获得，或将铜吹炼渣加热至熔融状态，熔融铜火法贫化弃渣由贫化炉出渣口获得，或将火法弃渣加热至熔融状态；
所述铅冶炼渣包括烟化炉炉渣、含铅熔炼渣中的一种或两种，铅冶炼渣为熔融态或冷态，其中熔融态炉渣由火法炼铅工艺的还原阶段的出渣口或烟化炉出渣口获得；高炉渣、钢渣与铁合金渣为熔融态，或冷态，其中：熔融态炉渣(高炉渣、钢渣与铁合金渣)由出渣口获得，或将冷态炉渣(高炉渣、钢渣与铁合金渣)加热至熔融状态；所述钢渣为铁水预脱硫渣(脱硫渣、脱硅渣、脱磷渣)、转炉渣、电炉渣、VOD/VAD渣、VD渣、中间包弃渣；所述铁合金渣为铁合金生产过程中产生的炉渣，包括冶炼碳素锰铁产生的炉渣、冶炼铬铁产生的炉渣、冶炼镍铁产生的炉渣、冶炼钒铁产生的炉渣、冶炼硅铁产生的炉渣、冶炼铌铁产生的炉渣、冶炼钼铁产生的炉渣。
所述的步骤1与2中，所述铅冶炼渣为烟化炉炉渣与含铅熔炼渣的一种或两种，或“ISP铅锌鼓风炉还原”或“烧结矿鼓风炉还原”或“固态高铅渣还原”或“液态高铅渣还原工艺”还原工艺产生的含铅熔炼渣，含铅熔炼渣通过烟化炉冶炼产生含铅烟化炉渣。
所述的步骤1中，氧化铜矿物包括赤铜矿、黑铜矿、孔雀石、蓝铜矿、硅孔雀石、 胆矾中的一种或多种；硫化铜矿物包括辉铜矿、铜蓝、黄铜矿、斑铜矿、硫砷铜矿或黝铜矿中的一种或多种。
如上所述的方法中，优选地，所述的步骤1与2中，保温装置为保温渣罐与保温渣坑，其中保温渣罐为可倾倒的保温装置。
所述的步骤1与2中，熔渣可流出的熔炼反应装置为可转动的熔炼反应装置或带有渣口或铁口的熔炼反应装置；其中：
所述保温装置为可倾倒的熔炼反应渣灌、保温地坑；
所述可转动的熔炼反应装置为转炉、熔炼反应渣罐；
所述带有渣口或铁口熔渣可流出的熔炼反应装置为等离子炉、直流电弧炉、交流电弧炉、矿热炉、鼓风炉、高炉、感应炉、冲天炉、侧吹熔池熔炼炉、底吹熔池熔炼炉、顶吹熔池熔炼炉、反射炉、奥斯麦特炉、艾萨炉、瓦钮可夫熔池熔炼炉、侧吹回转炉、底吹回转炉、顶吹回转炉、铜熔炼炉的电热前床。
所述的步骤1中，通过调控同时保证如下(a)和(b)两个参数，同时保证熔渣中保持熔渣中铜氧化物和铁氧化物还原为金属铜和FeO，熔渣中金属铁含量<3％，可通过加入还原剂、含碳的含铁物料中一种或两种，其中，所述还原剂和/或含碳的含铁物料的用量为熔渣中铜和铁氧化物还原为金属铜和FeO的理论量110～140％；所述含碳的含铁物料为钢铁尘泥与烟灰、铁精矿含碳预还原球团、铁精矿含碳金属化球团、湿法炼锌挥发窑渣或焦炭炉尘泥与烟灰。
所述的步骤1与2中，所述的燃料与还原剂为固体、液体或气体燃料中的一种或多种，以喷吹或投料的方式喷入，载入气体为预热的氧化性气体、氮气、氩气中的一种或几种，预热温度为0～1200℃；固体燃料与还原剂为煤粉、焦粉、焦炭、粉煤灰、烟煤或无烟煤中的一种或多种，形状为粒状或粉状，粒状物料粒度为5～25mm，粉状物料粒度为≤150μm，液体燃料与还原剂为重油，气体燃料为煤气和/或天然气；
所述的含铜物料是铜渣、选铜尾矿、粗铜火法精炼渣、锌冶炼渣、锌冶炼烟灰与尘泥、铅冶炼渣、镍冶炼渣、铅冰铜、铅锌尾矿、砷冰铜、粗铅火法精炼渣含铅烟化炉渣、铅冶炼烟尘与烟灰、铅酸电池、铜冶炼烟灰与尘泥、杂铜、锡冶炼渣、锡尾矿、含铜垃圾或含铜电路板中的一种或几种；铜渣包括“造锍熔炼”产生的炉渣与“铜鋶吹炼”产生的炉渣、火法贫化炉渣、铜渣浮选尾渣；所述镍冶炼渣是“造锍熔炼”工艺产生的镍熔炼渣、“铜冰镍吹炼”工艺吹炼后的贫化炉渣、顶吹熔炼产生的镍熔炼渣、顶吹熔炼产生的镍熔炼渣经电炉沉降中一种或多种；锌冶炼炉渣包括湿法炼锌产生的炉渣与火法炼锌产生的炉渣，包括锌浸出渣、铁矾渣、铜镉渣、针铁矿渣、赤铁矿渣、挥发窑渣、竖罐炼锌渣、鼓风炉渣、旋涡炉渣、烟化炉渣、电炉炼锌渣；所述冶金熔剂为含CaO或SiO2的矿物，具体为石英砂、含金银石英砂、赤泥、脱钠后高钙赤泥、电石渣、白云石或石灰石中的一种或几种；所述含铁物料是普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿直接还原铁，普通铁精矿烧结矿、普通铁精矿球团矿、普通铁精矿金属化球团、普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团、轧钢氧化铁鳞、钢渣、锌冶炼渣、焦炭冶炼烟尘与尘泥、钢铁烟尘与尘泥、含镍冶炼渣、铜渣、铅冶炼渣、锌冶炼渣、锡冶炼渣、赤泥、脱钠后高钙赤泥、煤粉灰、硫酸烧渣中的一种或几种，其中，所述钢铁烟尘与尘泥包括高炉瓦斯泥、转炉尘泥、电炉尘泥、热或冷轧污泥、烧结粉尘、球团粉尘、出铁厂集尘、高炉瓦斯灰、电炉除尘灰、轧钢氧化铁皮；所述湿法炼锌渣与尘泥需经脱水、干燥；
所述含氟物料是萤石、CaF2或含氟高炉渣中的一种或几种。
在上述的原料中，锌冶炼渣与烟灰、铅冶炼渣与烟灰含有铟与铋、铅、银、锌、铋；赤泥中含有钠与钾，钢铁烟尘与尘泥含有铟、铋、银、钠与钾，以上物料都有铁，铅冶炼渣与锌冶炼渣都含有铜，铜烟灰与尘泥含有铟与铋，因此在发明的方法中，铟、铋、钠、钾、锌、铅会以氧化物的形式进入烟尘，从而进行回收。
所述的步骤1与2中，控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中：
所述的步骤1与2中，含铜物料、含铁物料和含氟物料均为球团或粉状物料或制粒；其中，粉状物料的粒度≤150μm，粒状物料粒度为5～25mm，粉状物料以喷吹的方式喷入，粒状物料以喷吹或投料的方式加入,载入气体为氩气、氮气、还原性气体(煤气和/或天然气)、氧化性气体中的一种或多种；所述的喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣或置于反应熔渣上部或侧面或底部吹入中的一种或几种；
含铜物料与含铁物料为热态或冷态，所述的热态物料是由冶金炉出料口或出渣口直接获得，热态物料温度为200～1750℃。
所述的步骤1中，控制混合熔渣的温度在设定温度范围的方法中：
当混合熔渣的温度＞设定温度上限时，加入含铜物料、含铁物料、高炉渣、钢渣、铁合金渣、冶金熔剂或含氟物料中的一种或几种，目的是避免温度过高，保护耐火材料；加入含氟物料的另一个作用是降低粘度，加速熔渣中富铜相与富铁相聚集、长大与沉降，有利于硅酸盐上浮，
所述的步骤1中，熔渣反应过程中，熔渣中铜组分、金银组分富集于富铜相，并实现聚集、长大与沉降，铁组分从橄榄石释放出来，富集于富铁相，实现聚集、长大与沉降，熔渣中锌组分、铅组分、铟组分、铋组分分别进入烟尘，其中烟灰中以氧化物形式回收，富铜相为铜、白冰铜、冰铜、含铁组分中的多种，或部分铜组分进入富铁相，富铁相包括金属铁、FeO相、铁橄榄石相中的多种；
所述步骤1与2中，调整碱度时，所述的碱性物料为石灰粉、赤泥、脱钠后赤泥、电石渣、白云石粉或生石灰粉中的一种或几种；所述的碱性含铁物料为CaO/SiO2＞1的含铁物料、碱性烧结矿、碱性铁精矿、铁合金炉渣、钢渣、高炉渣、碱性预还原球团或碱性金属化球团中的一种或几种。
所述步骤1与2中，调整碱度时，所述的酸性物料为硅石、粉煤灰、煤矸石中的一种或多种；所述的酸性含铁物料为CaO/SiO2≤1的含铁物料、酸性烧结矿、酸性铁精矿、酸性预还原球团、酸性金属化球团、铜渣、铅冶炼渣、锌冶炼渣、镍冶炼渣中的一种或几种；
所述的步骤1与2中，熔渣中富铜相、富铁相聚集、长大与沉降，有利于硅酸盐上浮；
所述的步骤1中，保证(a)和(b)两个参数的同时，使混合熔渣充分混合，混合方式为自然混合或搅拌混合，搅拌方式为以下方式中的一种：氩气搅拌、氮气搅拌、氩气-氮气混合气、还原性气体(煤气和/或天然气)、电磁搅拌、机械搅拌中的一种或多种；
所述的步骤2中，直接还原过程采用转底炉、隧道窑、车底路、竖炉、回转窑、感应炉作为还原设备，利用气基或煤基还原技术，气基为天然气和/或煤气，煤基还原为无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤、焦煤、焦粉、焦炭中的一种或几种，还原温度为900～1400℃，碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.8～1.5；
所述的步骤1与2中，氧化性气体为空气、氧气、富氧空气、氩气-空气、氩气-氧气、氮气-空气、氮气-氧气中的一种，预热温度为0-1200℃，喷吹方式为采用耐火喷枪插入熔渣或置于反应熔渣上部或侧面或底部吹入中的一种或几种；
如上所述的方法，优选地，所述的步骤2中，分离时进行冷却沉降，采用的冷却方式为自然冷却或旋转冷却或离心冷却，沉降方式为自然沉降或旋转沉降或离心冷却；
进一步地，所述旋转与离心冷却的具体操作为：装有反应完成后的熔渣的装置置于旋转平台上，按照一定速度进行旋转，旋转速度依熔渣质量与保温装置高度或深度而定，旋转时间依熔渣质量与熔渣凝固情况而定；将装有反应完成后的熔渣的装置置于旋转平台上旋转，目的是加速富铜相、富铁相聚集、长大与沉降，有利于硅酸盐上浮；
所述的步骤2中，反应完成后的熔渣冷却过程中，由于密度不同与矿物大小不同，大部分富铜相、富铁相沉降于中下部；
所述的步骤2中，反应完成后的熔渣中铜组分、金银组分继续迁移于富铜相，并实现长大与沉降；混合熔渣中铁组分分别继续迁移、富集于富铁相，并实现长大与沉降；
本发明的由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，最后获得尾矿中矿物可磨性增加。
采用如上所述，最后获得的渣含铜≤0.1％，铁的回收率为≥91％，锌的回收率为≥92％，铅的回收率为≥92％。
为了更好的解释本发明，以便于理解，通过具体实施方式，对本发明作详细描述。其中，以下实施例中所用检测方法与原料未明确指出的，均可采用本领域常规技术，除非另有说明，本发明中所用的百分数均为重量百分数。
以下实施例1～10中的步骤(1)熔渣混合时，通过调控保证的(a)和(b)两个参数具体为：
(a)含铜与铁的反应熔渣的温度为1050～1450℃；
(b)含铜与铁的反应熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.15～1.5；
实施例1
一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，炉渣混合：将由造锍熔炼炉出渣口获得的奥斯麦特炉含铜熔炼渣与转炉出渣口获得的含铜吹炼渣(转炉渣)加入直流电弧炉，同时加入冷态高炉渣、VOD/VAD渣和冶炼碳素锰铁产生的铁合金炉渣，液态高铅渣还原炉的含铅熔炼渣，形成混合熔渣，加入硫化铜精矿与氧化铜精矿；将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态，形成含铜与铁的反应熔渣，并使反应熔渣电磁搅拌，实现自然混合；实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数，获得反应完成后的熔渣；对应(a)：含铜与铁的反应熔渣的温度为1660℃，采用耐火喷枪插入反应熔渣中，以氮气为载入气，喷入常温粉状粒度≤150μm的铜渣、含铜烟灰、杂铜和含铜垃圾和含铜电路板，同时加入高炉瓦斯泥、电炉尘泥、转炉尘泥、普通铁精矿直接还原铁和高炉瓦斯灰，使温度降至1420℃；(b)：含铜与铁的反应熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝2.8，向反应熔渣中加入硅石、粉煤灰和煤矸石混合物，使含铜与铁的反应熔渣碱度比值降至1.5；熔渣中金属铁含量为0.5％；
步骤2，分离回收采用方法一：
保温50min，熔渣自然沉降，渣-金分离，获得熔融态富铜相层、富铁相与熔融态含铁硅酸盐矿物相，同时生成锌组分与铅组分，进行如下步骤：(1)含铁硅酸盐矿物相，进行炉外熔渣处理，采用方法F，含铁硅酸盐熔渣空冷后，用作直接还原炼铁原料，采用回转窑进行直接还原，利用气基还原技术，气基还原剂为天然气和煤气，还原温度为900℃，碱度CaO/SiO2比值为0.8，还原后采用磁电炉熔分获得金属铁与熔渣，熔分温度为1550℃；(2)熔融态富铜相，送往转炉炼铜；(3)富铁相倒入保温装置，空冷后作为高炉炼铁原料；(4)锌组分、铟组分、铅组分、铋组分、钾组分、钠组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘回收，渣含铜<0.1％，锌回收率为92％，铅回收率为94％，铁回收率为95％，铟回收率为92％，铋回收率为94％，钠回收率为95％，钾回收率为96％，金的富集率为≥96％，银的富集率为≥94％。其中，在本发明的所有实施例中，渣含铜是指富铜相分离后的渣相，具体为富铁相与硅酸盐矿物相中的含铜量，金、银的富集率是指富铜相中金、银的含量占原料中金、银总量的百分比。
实施例2
一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，炉渣混合：将由造锍熔炼炉出渣口获得的艾萨炉含铜熔炼渣与与转炉出渣口获得的含铜吹炼渣(转炉渣)、湿法炼铜渣加入矿热炉，同时加入由出渣口获得 的熔融态冶炼铬铁产生的铁合金炉渣，形成混合熔渣，加入氧化铜精矿；用富氧空气，喷吹天然气、粒度为20mm无烟煤与焦粒，将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态，形成含铜与铁的反应熔渣，并使反应熔渣电磁搅拌，实现混合；实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数，获得反应完成后熔渣；对应(a)含铜与铁反应熔渣温度1660℃，采用耐火喷枪插入反应熔渣中，以氩气为载气，喷入常温粉状粒度≤150μm铜渣、含铜烟灰、杂铜钢铁烧结粉尘、烧结球团粉尘、出铁厂粉尘、普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿直接还原铁和普通铁精矿烧结矿，使温度降至1380℃；(b)含铜与铁反应熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值为2.7，向反应熔渣中加入酸性烧结矿、酸性铁精矿和酸性预还原球团，使含铜与铁反应熔渣碱度比值降至1.3；熔渣中金属铁含量为3％；
步骤2，分离回收采用方法一：保温18min，反应完成后的熔渣自然沉降，渣-金分离，获得熔融态富铜相层、熔融态富铁相与熔融态含铁硅酸盐矿物相，同时生成锌组分、铅组分与铟组分，进入烟尘，以氧化物形式加以回收，进行如下步骤：(1)含铁硅酸盐矿物相，采用方法G熔渣熔融还原炼铁，步骤如下：(1-1)含铁硅酸盐熔渣倒入可倾倒的转炉中，向熔渣中加入粒度为20mm无烟煤与烟煤，进行熔融还原，实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时保证如下(a)反应熔渣的温度为1350～167℃，和(b)反应熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.4两个参数，获得反应完成后的熔渣；对应(a)：反应熔渣的温度为1480，在温度范围内；对应(b)：反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值为0.9时，在碱度范围内；(1-2)向反应完成后熔渣中喷吹预热200℃富氧空气进行熔融还原，形成还原后混合熔渣，并在喷吹过程中，通过调控同时保证(a)反应熔渣温度为～167℃，和(b)反应熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.4两个参数；(1-3)分离回收：(a)还原后混合熔渣，沉降渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后熔渣；(b)还原后熔渣，采用步骤2方法一中法A处理做成高附加值水泥原料；(c)铁水送往转炉或电炉炼钢；(d)含锌组分、含铅组分、铋组分与铟组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘回收；(e)含钠组分、含钾组分挥发，进入烟尘回收；(2)熔融态富铜相，送往转炉炼铜；(3)富铁相倒入保温装置，空冷后作为高炉炼铁原料；(4)锌组分与铅组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘进行回收，渣含铜<0.1％，锌回收率为94％，铅回收率为92％；铁回收率为92％，铟回收率为96％，铋回收率为96％，钠回收率为97％，钾回收率为98％，金的富集率为≥94％，银的富集率为≥95％。
实施例3
一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，炉渣混合：将由造锍熔炼炉出渣口获得的奥斯麦特含铜熔炼渣与与转炉出渣口获得的含铜吹炼渣(转炉渣)加入感应炉，同时加入由转炉炼钢出渣口获得的钢渣，形成混合熔渣，加入硫化铜精矿；用氧气，喷吹粒度为20mm无烟煤、焦粒与煤粉，将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态，形成含铜与铁的反应熔渣，并使熔渣实现混合；实时监测熔渣，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数，获得反应完成后的熔渣；对应(a)：含铜与铁的反应熔渣的温度为1685℃，向反应熔渣中加入石英砂、赤泥、白云石和石灰石，同时加入含铜烟灰、普通铁精矿球团矿、轧钢氧化铁鳞和普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团，使温度降至1320℃；(b)：含铜与铁的反应熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝3.0，向反应熔渣中加入酸性金属化球团、含铜熔炼渣和含铜吹炼渣的混合物，使含铜与铁的反应熔渣的碱度比值降至1.2；熔渣中金属铁含量为1.8％；
步骤2，分离回收采用方法二：保温35min，熔渣倒自然沉降，渣-金分离，获得熔融态富铜相、富铁相与含铁硅酸盐矿物相，同时生成含锌组分与含铅组分，进行如下步骤：(1)熔融态富铜相，送往转炉炼铜；(2)富铁相与含铁硅酸盐矿物相采用以下方法进行分离处理：磁选分离金属铁后，浮选分离获得铜精矿与铁精矿。铁精矿作为直接还原炼铁原料，磁选分离，获得金属铁与尾矿，尾矿返回炼铜系统；还原过程中， 锌组分、铅组、铋组分与铟组分分挥发，进入烟尘；直接还原过程中，采用转底炉，还原温度为1200℃，碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝1.0，还原剂为粒度≤150μm的煤粉；(3)含锌组分、铟组分、铋组分与含铅组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘回收，渣含铜<0.1％，铁的回收率为93％，锌的回收率为94％，铅的回收率为95％，铟回收率为93％，铋回收率为94％，钠回收率为97％，钾回收率为97％，；金的富集率为≥95％，银的富集率为≥96％。
实施例4
一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，炉渣混合：将冷态的诺兰达炉含铜熔炼渣、铜渣浮选尾矿加入等离子炉，同时加入由出渣口获得的转炉钢渣、电炉钢渣与冶炼镍铁获得的铁合金炉渣，形成混合熔渣，加入氧化铜精矿与含铜物料(锌冶炼渣-湿法炼锌浸出渣)；将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态，形成含铜与铁反应熔渣，并使反应熔渣喷吹氩气，实现混合；实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数，获得反应完成后的熔渣；对应(a)含铜与铁的反应熔渣的温度为1670℃，向反应熔渣中加入赤泥、煤粉灰、硫酸烧渣、萤石、CaF2和含氟高炉渣，使温度降至1440℃；(b)含铜与铁的反应熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值为2.9，向反应熔渣中加入含铜吹炼渣，使含铜与铁反应熔渣碱度比值降至1.1；喷吹天然气，并用空气喷吹粒度为20mm的焦粒，熔渣中金属铁含量为2.2％；
步骤2，分离回收采用方法二：保温25min，反应完成后熔渣自然沉降，渣-金分离，获得熔融态富铜相、富铁相与硅酸盐矿物相，和含锌与含铅组分，进行如下步骤：(1)熔融态富铜相，送往转炉炼铜；(2)富铁相与硅酸盐矿物相采用方法一中的方法I，水淬后作为直接还原炼铁的原料；(3)部分含锌组分与含铅组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘回收，渣含铜<0.1％，铁的回收率为94％，锌的回收率为95％，铅的回收率为97％，铟回收率为93％，铋回收率为95％，钠回收率为97％，钾回收率为97％；金的富集率为≥95％，银的富集率为≥96％。
实施例5
一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，炉渣混合：将冷态三菱法的含铜熔炼渣加入保温渣罐，同时加入由渣口获得的电炉钢渣与由出渣口获得的转炉熔融钢渣，形成混合熔渣氧化铜精矿与含铜物料(锌冶炼渣-湿法炼锌浸出渣与挥发窑渣)；用预热温度为800℃的空气，喷吹粒度为20mm烟煤与煤粉，将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态，形成含铜与铁的反应熔渣，并使反应熔渣实现混合；实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数，获得反应完成后的熔渣；对应(a)：含铜与铁的反应熔渣温度为1310℃；(b)：含铜与铁反应熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值为1.2，均在要求范围内；熔渣中金属铁含量为0.8％；
步骤2，分离回收采用方法九：保温50min，将反应完成后的熔渣旋转冷却，进行如下步骤：(1)沉降冷却：自反应完成后的熔渣自然冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；富铜相沉降到反应装置的底部，形成富铜坨；含铁硅酸盐矿物相上浮；铜坨和含铁硅酸盐矿物中间缓冷渣为富铁相，同时生成含锌与含铅组分；(2)分离：人工取出沉降在底部的富铜坨，直接还原，磁选分离铁后，产物送往转炉；中部的富铁相分离金属铁后，送往转炉炼铜；(3)人工取出上部的含铁硅酸盐矿物相，获得硅酸盐尾矿，作为水泥原料使用；(4)部分锌组分与铅组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘回收，渣含铜<0.1％，铁的回收率为93％，锌的回收率为92％，铅的回收率为94％，铟回收率为94％，铋回收率为94％，金的富集率为94％，银的富集率为96％。
实施例6
一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，炉渣混合：将由转炉出渣口获得的含铜吹炼渣(转炉渣)、贫化炉出渣 口获得的铜贫化渣加入交流电弧炉，同时加入冷态冶炼钒铁产生的铁合金炉渣和冶炼硅铁产生的铁合金炉渣，形成混合熔渣，硫化铜精矿与含铜物料(铅冶炼渣-含铅熔炼渣与烟化炉渣)；将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态，形成含铜与铁反应熔渣，并使反应熔渣喷吹氩气-氮气混合气，混合；实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时保证(a)(b)两参数，获得反应完成后熔渣；对应(a)：含铜与铁反应熔渣温度为1040℃，向反应熔渣中加入熔融含铜吹炼渣，用400℃的富氧空气喷吹重油，使温度升至1330℃；(b)：含铜与铁熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值为0.1，向熔渣中加入碱性铁精矿、转炉污泥、脱钠后高钙赤泥和碱性预还原球团，使含铜与铁熔渣碱度比值升至0.2；熔渣中金属铁含量为1.4％；
步骤2，分离回收采用方法一：保温10min，将反应完成后的熔渣自然沉降，渣-金分离，获得熔融态富铜相、富铁相和含铁硅酸盐矿物相，以及含锌与含铅组分，进入烟尘，进行如下步骤：(1)熔融态含铁硅酸盐矿物相采用步骤2分离回收方法一法A，水淬直接作水泥原料；(2)熔融态富铜相，送往转炉炼铜；(3)富铁相倒入保温装置冷却后直接还原炼铁；(4)含锌组分、含铅组分、含铟组分与含铋组分挥发，氧化物进入烟尘进行回收，渣含铜<0.1％，铁的回收率为91％，锌的回收率为92％，铅的回收率为94％，铟回收率为93％，铋回收率为94％，钠回收率为95％，钾回收率为96％，金的富集率为94％，银的富集率为96％。
实施例7
一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，炉渣混合：将由造锍熔炼炉出渣口获得的白银炉熔炼渣与由转炉吹炼出渣口获得的含铜吹炼渣(转炉渣)加入矿热炉，同时加入出渣口获得的冶炼铌铁产生的炉渣和冶炼钼铁产生的炉渣，形成混合熔渣，硫化铜精矿与含铜物料(铅冶炼渣与镍冶炼渣)；将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态，形成含铜与铁的反应熔渣，并使反应熔渣喷吹氮气，实现混合；实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数，获得反应完成后的熔渣；对应(a)：含铜与铁的反应熔渣的温度为1320℃；(b)：含铜与铁的反应熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值为0.8，均在要求范围内；喷吹天然气，熔渣中金属铁含量为1.8％；
步骤2，分离回收采用方法四：将反应完成后熔渣倒入保温渣罐，保温45min，自然冷却沉降，渣-金分离得熔融态富铜相、富铁相、含铁硅酸盐矿物相及锌组分与铅组分，进行如下步骤：(1)熔融态富铜相，送转炉炼铜；(2)熔融态富铁相与含铁硅酸盐采用方法一中的方法C，浇铸为微晶玻璃；(3)部分含锌组分与含铅组分挥发，进入烟尘回收，渣含铜<0.1％，铁的回收率为92％，锌的回收率为93％，铅的回收率为92％，铟回收率为93％，铋回收率为9％，金的富集率为95％，银的富集率为97％。
实施例8
一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，炉渣混合：将冷态闪速炉含铜熔炼渣和闪速吹炼含铜吹炼铜渣加入鼓风炉，同时加入由出渣口获得的高炉渣与电炉钢渣，形成混合熔渣，硫化铜精矿与含铜物料(铅冶炼渣-烟化炉渣)；用预热温度为600℃的空气，喷吹粒度为20mm烟煤与煤粉，将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态，形成含铜与铁的反应熔渣，并使反应熔渣实现混合；实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数，获得反应完成后的熔渣；对应(a)：含铜与铁的反应熔渣的温度为1330℃；(b)：含铜与铁的反应熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值为1.0，均在要求范围内；熔渣中金属铁含量为2.8％；
步骤2，分离回收采用方法三：保温21min，将反应完成后熔渣自然沉降，渣-金分离，获得富铜相与中上部熔渣-含铁硅酸盐矿物相，同时生成含锌与含铅组分，进行如下步骤：(1)中上部熔渣，倒入熔炼装置，进行炉外熔渣处理，具体采用步骤2分离回收方法一法B，将中上部熔渣全部返回到含铜与铁反应熔渣，作为热态冶金熔剂， 调整含铜与铁反应熔渣成分，控制其温度；(2)熔融态富铜相、富铁-富冰铜相，送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜；(3)部分含锌组分与含铅组分挥发，ZnO和PbO进入烟尘回收，渣含铜<0.1％，铁的回收率为93％，锌的回收率为92％，铅的回收率为95％，金的富集率为98％，银的富集率为96％。
实施例9
一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，炉渣混合：将金峰侧吹熔池熔炼炉出渣口获得的含铜熔炼渣与转炉渣口获得的含铜吹炼渣(转炉渣)加入侧吹回转炉，同时加入由出渣口获得的VD渣，形成混合熔渣，硫化铜精矿与含铜物料(铜火法精练渣、含铜电路板、含铜烟灰与含铜垃圾)；将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态，形成含铜与铁的反应熔渣，并使反应熔渣实现喷吹氩气混合；实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数，获得反应完成后的熔渣；对应(a)：含铜与铁的反应熔渣温度为1340℃；(b)：含铜与铁的反应熔渣碱度CaO/SiO2比值为1.2，均符合要求；用空气喷吹粒度为20mm的焦粒，熔渣中金属铁含量为2.7％；
步骤2，分离回收采用方法十：将反应完成后熔渣入保温渣罐中，保温38min，自然冷却沉降，渣-金分离，获得富铜相与中上部熔渣-含铁硅酸盐矿物相，以及含锌与含铅组分，进行如下步骤：(1)中上部熔渣倒入熔炼装置，采用步骤2分离回收方法一中法C，中上部熔渣浇筑微晶玻璃；(2)下部熔融态富铜相、富铁-富冰铜相，缓冷后用步骤二法四处理；(3)部分含锌与含铅组分，ZnO和PbO进入烟尘回收，渣含铜<0.1％，铁的回收率为91％，锌的回收率为93％，铅的回收率为94％，铟回收率为93％，铋回收率为9％，金的富集率为94％，银的富集率为96％。
实施例10
一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤1，炉渣混合：
将底吹熔池熔炼炉出渣口流出的熔融含铜熔炼渣与底吹连续吹炼炉流出的含铜吹炼渣加入保温地坑，同时加入冷态钢渣，形成混合熔渣，氧化铜精矿与含铜物料(铅冰铜、砷冰铜、含铅精炼渣)；用富氧空气，喷吹粒度≤150μm烟煤，将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态，形成含铜反应熔渣，并使反应熔渣实现混合；实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时保证(a)和(b)两个参数，获得反应完成后的熔渣；
对应(a)：含铜反应熔渣的温度为1430℃；(b)：含铜反应熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值为1.5，均在要求范围内；熔渣中金属铁含量为0.9％；
步骤2，分离回收采用方法九：
将反应完成后的熔渣进行如下步骤：
(1)沉降冷却：保温40min，反应完成后的熔渣自然冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；富铜相沉降到反应装置的底部，形成富铜坨；含铁硅酸盐矿物相上浮；富铜坨和含铁硅酸盐矿物中间缓冷渣为富铁相，同时生成含锌组分与含铅组分；
(2)分离：人工取出沉降在底部的富铜坨；中部的富铁相直接还原后，磁选分离金属铁，尾矿返回铜系统；
(3)人工取出上部的含铁硅酸盐矿物相，获得硅酸盐尾矿，作为水泥原料使用；
(4)部分锌组分与铅组分挥发，以ZnO和PbO进入烟尘回收，渣含铜<0.1％，铁的回收率为95％，锌的回收率为92％，铅的回收率为94％，金的富集率为95％，银的富集率为93％。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种由含铜与铁的混合熔渣生产的方法，其特征在于，其包括如下步骤：
    S1、炉渣混合：将铜渣加入熔炼反应装置中，加入铅冶炼渣、高炉渣、钢渣和铁合金渣中的一种或多种形成混合熔渣；同时加入氧化铜矿物、硫化铜矿物、含铜物料中的一种或几种；混合均匀，将混合熔渣加热至熔融状态作为反应熔渣，并实时监测该反应熔渣，通过调控使所述反应熔渣同时满足条件a和条件b，获得反应后的熔渣，或将反应后的熔渣倒入保温装置；
    其中，所述条件a为控制反应熔渣温度为1050～1450℃；
    所述条件b为控制反应熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.15～1.5；
    S2、分离回收：所述步骤S1反应后的熔渣，保温5～50min，沉降分离获得底部的富铜相、中下部的富铁相与中上部的含铁硅酸盐矿物相，同时生成含锌组分与含铅组分的烟尘，金组分、银组分迁移、富集进入富铜相；对各相进行回收处理。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1中，所述条件a调控的方法为：
    当所述反应熔渣的温度＜1050℃，利用反应装置自身的加热，或向熔渣中加入燃料或熔融铜渣、熔融铅冶炼渣、熔融镍冶炼渣、熔融高炉渣、熔融钢渣或熔融铁合金渣的一种或多种，喷入燃料时，同时喷入预热的氧化性气体，使反应熔渣的温度达到1050～1450℃；
    当所述反应熔渣的温度＞1450℃，向含铜与铁的的反应熔渣中加入镍冶炼渣、氧化铜矿物、硫化铜矿物、含铜物料、高炉渣、钢渣、铁合金渣、冶金熔剂、含铁物料或含氟物料中的一种或几种，使混合的反应熔渣的温度达到1050～1450℃；
    所述条件b调控的方法为：
    当所述反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值<0.15时，向反应熔渣中加入碱性物料和/或碱性含铁物料；
    当所述反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值>1.5时，向反应熔渣中加入酸性物料和/或酸性含铁物料。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述反应装置为保温装置或可转动的熔炼反应装置或带有渣口或铁口熔渣可流出的熔炼反应装置；其中，所述保温装置为可倾倒的熔炼反应渣灌或保温地坑；
    所述可转动的熔炼反应装置为转炉、熔炼反应渣罐；
    所述带有渣口或铁口熔渣可流出的熔炼反应装置为等离子炉、直流电弧炉、交流电弧炉、矿热炉、鼓风炉、高炉、感应炉、冲天炉、侧吹熔池熔炼炉、底吹熔池熔炼炉、顶吹熔池熔炼炉、反射炉、奥斯麦特炉、艾萨炉、瓦钮可夫熔池熔炼炉、侧吹回转炉、底吹回转炉、顶吹回转炉、铜熔炼炉的电热前床。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1中，满足所述条件a和b的同时，应同时满足，控制所述反应熔渣中铜氧化物和铁氧化物还原为金属铜和FeO，熔渣中金属铁含量<3％。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述铜渣是含铜熔炼渣、含铜吹炼渣、贫化弃渣、浮选尾渣、湿法炼铜渣中的一种或多种，其中，所述含铜熔炼渣产生于铜的火法冶炼工艺的“造锍熔炼”过程，包括奥斯迈特炉熔炼渣、闪速炉熔炼渣、诺兰达炉熔炼渣、艾萨炉熔炼渣、瓦纽科夫炉熔炼渣、三菱法熔炼渣、卡尔多炉熔炼渣、白银炉熔炼渣、水口山法熔炼渣、特尼恩特熔炼渣、反射炉熔炼渣、电炉熔炼渣、密闭鼓风炉熔炼渣、低吹炉熔炼渣、侧吹炉熔炼渣；所述含铜吹炼渣产生于铜的火法冶炼工艺的“铜锍吹炼”过程，包括转炉吹炼铜渣、闪速炉吹炼铜渣、诺兰达炉连续吹炼铜渣、顶吹炉吹炼铜渣、侧吹炉吹炼铜渣、底吹炉吹炼铜渣、顶吹炉连 续吹炼铜渣、侧吹炉连续吹炼铜渣、底吹炉连续吹炼铜渣；所述贫化弃渣为含铜熔炼渣与含铜吹炼渣贫化后弃渣，浮选尾渣为含铜熔炼渣与含铜吹炼渣选矿后尾渣，湿法炼铜渣为湿法炼铜弃渣；所述铜熔炼渣与铜吹炼渣为熔融态或冷态，其中：熔融铜熔炼渣由“造锍熔炼”过程的铜熔炼炉出渣口获得，或将含铜熔炼渣加热至熔融状态，熔融铜吹炼渣由“铜锍吹炼”过程的铜吹炼炉出渣口获得，或将铜吹炼渣加热至熔融状态，熔融铜火法贫化弃渣由贫化炉出渣口获得，或将火法弃渣加热至熔融状态；
    所述铅冶炼渣为熔融态或冷态，其中熔融态炉渣由火法炼铅工艺的还原阶段的出渣口或烟化炉出渣口获得；所述高炉渣、钢渣与铁合金渣为熔融态，或冷态，其中：熔融态炉渣由出渣口获得，或将冷态炉渣加热至熔融状态；所述钢渣为铁水预脱硫渣、转炉渣、电炉渣、VOD/VAD渣、VD渣、中间包弃渣；所述铁合金渣为铁合金生产过程中产生的炉渣，包括冶炼碳素锰铁产生的炉渣、冶炼铬铁产生的炉渣、冶炼镍铁产生的炉渣、冶炼钒铁产生的炉渣、冶炼硅铁产生的炉渣、冶炼铌铁产生的炉渣、冶炼钼铁产生的炉渣；
    所述铅冶炼渣为烟化炉炉渣与含铅熔炼渣的一种或两种，或“ISP铅锌鼓风炉还原”或“烧结矿鼓风炉还原”或“固态高铅渣还原”或“液态高铅渣还原工艺”还原工艺产生的含铅熔炼渣，含铅熔炼渣通过烟化炉冶炼产生含铅烟化炉渣；
    所述氧化铜矿物包括赤铜矿、黑铜矿、孔雀石、蓝铜矿、硅孔雀石、胆矾中的一种或多种；所述硫化铜矿物包括辉铜矿、铜蓝、黄铜矿、斑铜矿、硫砷铜矿或黝铜矿中的一种或多种。
  6. 如权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述燃料为固体、液体或气体燃料中的一种或多种；所述含铜物料是铜渣、选铜尾矿、粗铜火法精炼渣、锌冶炼渣、锌冶炼烟灰与尘泥、铅冶炼渣、镍冶炼渣、铅冰铜、铅锌尾矿、砷冰铜、粗铅火法精炼渣、含铅烟化炉渣、铅冶炼烟尘与烟灰、铅酸电池、铜冶炼烟灰与尘泥、杂铜、锡冶炼渣、锡尾矿、含铜垃圾或含铜电路板中的一种或几种；所述镍冶炼渣是“造锍熔炼”工艺产生的镍熔炼渣、“铜冰镍吹炼”工艺吹炼后的贫化炉渣、顶吹熔炼产生的镍熔炼渣、顶吹熔炼产生的镍熔炼渣经电炉沉降中一种或多种；所述锌冶炼炉渣包括湿法炼锌产生的炉渣与火法炼锌产生的炉渣，包括浸出渣、铁矾渣、铜镉渣、针铁矿渣、赤铁矿渣、挥发窑渣、烟化炉渣、鼓风炉渣、旋涡炉渣、竖罐炼锌渣、电炉炼锌渣；
    所述冶金熔剂为含CaO或SiO2的矿物，包括石英砂、含金银石英砂、赤泥、脱钠后高钙赤泥、电石渣、白云石或石灰石中的一种或几种；
    所述含铁物料是普通铁精矿、普通铁精矿直接还原铁，普通铁精矿烧结矿、普通铁精矿球团矿、普通铁精矿金属化球团、普通铁精矿含碳预还原球团、钢渣、锌冶炼渣、焦炭冶炼烟尘与尘泥、钢铁烟尘与尘泥、含镍冶炼渣、铜渣、铅冶炼渣、锌冶炼渣、锡冶炼渣、赤泥、脱钠后高钙赤泥、煤粉灰、硫酸烧渣中的一种或几种，其中，所述钢铁烟尘与尘泥包括高炉瓦斯泥、转炉尘泥、电炉尘泥、热或冷轧污泥、烧结粉尘、球团粉尘、出铁厂集尘、高炉瓦斯灰、电炉除尘灰、轧钢氧化铁皮；
    所述含铜物料与含铁物料为热态或冷态，其中热态物料由冶金炉出料口或出渣口直接获得；
    所述含氟物料是萤石、CaF2或含氟高炉渣中的一种或几种；
    所述碱性物料为石灰粉、赤泥、脱钠后高钙赤泥、电石渣、白云石粉或生石灰粉中的一种或几种；所述碱性含铁物料为CaO/SiO2＞1的含铁物料、碱性烧结矿、碱性铁精矿、铁合金炉渣、钢渣、高炉渣、碱性预还原球团或碱性金属化球团中的一种或几种；
    所述酸性物料为硅石、粉煤灰、煤矸石中的一种或多种；所述酸性含铁物料为CaO/SiO2≤1的含铁物料酸性烧结矿、酸性铁精矿、酸性预还原球团、酸性金属化球团、铜渣、铅冶炼渣、锌冶炼渣、镍冶炼渣中的一种或几种。
  7. 如权利要求1-6中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤S2中分离回收，进行如下处理：
    热态或冷态所述富铜相，送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜或缓冷破碎磁选分离金属铁后再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜，或经磁选分离金属铁或不经磁选分离金属铁后，直接还原，还原产物经磁选分离金属铁后，再送往转炉或吹炼炉炼铜；
    所述含锌组分与含铅组分挥发，以氧化物形式进入烟尘；
    含有所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相和/或所述富铁相，进行如下方法A-G中的任一种处理；
    方法A：水淬或空冷后，直接作为水泥原料；
    方法B：部分或全部返回到所述反应熔渣中作为热态冶金熔剂；
    方法C：用于浇筑微晶玻璃或作为矿渣棉；
    方法D：所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相和/或所述富铁相保留在熔炼反应装置内或将其倒入保温装置，向熔渣中，吹入温度为0～1200℃的预热氧化性气体，并保证熔渣温度>1450℃；当熔渣氧化亚铁重量百分比含量<1％，获得氧化后的熔渣；所述氧化后的熔渣直接空冷或水淬，用作矿渣水泥、水泥调整剂、水泥生产中的添加剂或水泥熟料；
    方法E：用于生产高附加值的水泥熟料，方法如下:
    E-1、将所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相和/或所述富铁相保留在熔炼反应装置内或将熔渣倒入保温装置，向熔渣中，加入熔融钢渣、石灰、石灰石、铁合金炉渣、粉煤灰、碱性铁贫矿、铝土矿、熔融高炉渣、赤泥、脱钠后赤泥或电石渣中的一种或几种，充分混合，获得熔渣混合物料；
    E-2、向上熔渣混合物料中吹入预热温度为0～1190℃的氧化性气体，并保证熔渣混合物料温度>1440℃；当氧化亚铁重量百分比含量<1％，获得氧化后的熔渣；
    E-3、对所述氧化后的熔渣，进行空冷或水淬，制得高附加值的水泥熟料；
    方法F：所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相和/或所述富铁相熔渣作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料：将含铁硅酸盐矿物相和/或所述富铁相的熔渣空冷、水淬或缓冷后，用作高炉炼铁或直接还原炼铁原料，直接还原后，采用磁选分离或电炉熔分，磁选产物为金属铁与尾矿，电炉熔分，产物为铁水与熔渣；
    或将所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相和/或所述富铁相的熔渣倒入保温装置后，采用以下方法进行分离：熔渣改性后磁选分离：向保温装置中的熔渣，吹入0～1200℃的预热的氧化性气体，并保证其熔渣温度>1250℃，完成熔渣中磁铁矿的转化；将上述氧化后的熔渣缓冷至室温，破碎、磁选，产物为磁铁矿精矿与尾矿，尾矿作为建筑材料；
    方法G：所述含铁熔渣进行还原炼铁，包括如下步骤：
    G-1、将所述含铁硅酸盐矿物相和/或所述富铁相的熔渣保留在熔炼反应装置内或将熔渣倒入保温装置，向熔融态熔渣中加入含铁物料、还原剂，进行熔融还原，实时监测反应熔渣，通过调控同时满足条件：反应熔渣的温度为1350～1670℃和反应熔渣的碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.6～2.4，获得反应完成后的熔渣；
    其中，控制反应熔渣的温度的方法为：
    当反应熔渣的温度＜1350℃，通过反应装置自身的加热，或向熔渣中加入燃料与预热的氧化性气体，使反应熔渣的温度达到1350～1670℃；
    当反应熔渣的温度＞1670℃，向反应熔渣中加入冶金熔剂、含铁物料或含氟物 料中的一种或几种，使反应熔渣的温度达到1350～1670℃；其中，所述冶金熔剂为含CaO或SiO2的矿物；
    控制反应熔渣的碱度的方法为：
    当反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值<0.6时，向熔渣中加入碱性物料和/或碱性含铁物料；
    当反应熔渣中碱度CaO/SiO2比值>2.4时，向熔渣中加入酸性物料和/或酸性含铁物料；
    G-2、所述G-1中熔融还原时还需向熔渣中喷吹0～1200℃预热后的氧化性气体进行熔融还原，形成还原后的熔渣；
    G-3、分离回收：采用以下方法中的一种：
    方法Ⅰ：将还原后的混合熔渣倒入保温渣罐，冷却至室温，获得缓冷渣；其中，金属铁沉降到反应装置的底部，形成铁坨，将剩余缓冷渣中含金属铁层，破碎至粒度20～400μm，磨矿，磁选分离出剩余金属铁与尾矿；
    方法Ⅱ：还原后的混合熔渣，冷却沉降，渣-金分离，获得铁水与还原后的熔渣；所述还原后的熔渣，按照方法A～E中的一种或几种方法进行熔渣处理；所述铁水，送往转炉或电炉炼钢；
    或部分含银组分与含金组分挥发，进入烟尘；
    或铟组分、铋组分、含钠组分与含钾组分挥发，进入烟尘。
    或含有所述富铁相层进行水淬或空冷或倒入保温装置缓冷或经人工分拣与重选结合获得，作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料或浮选提铜原料或磁选分离金属铁后作为炼铜或直接还原炼铁的原料；浮选产物为含铜精矿与铁精矿，铜精矿返回炼铜系统，铁精矿作为高炉炼铁原料或直接还原炼铁原料或熔融还原炼铁原料；其中，在直接还原过程中，还原产物磁选分离后，获得金属铁与尾矿，尾矿返回炼铜系统；所述直接还原过程采用转底炉、隧道窑、车底路、竖炉、回转窑或感应炉，利用气基或煤基还原，气基还原采用天然气和/或煤气，煤基还原采用无烟煤、烟煤、褐煤、焦煤、焦粉或焦炭中的一种或几种，控制还原温度为900～1400℃，控制碱度CaO/SiO2比值＝0.8～1.5。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述氧化性气体为预热的空气、氧气、富氧空气、氮气-空气、氩气-空气、氧气-氮气、氧气-氩气中的一种，所述预热的温度为0～1200℃。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，所述燃料与还原剂为固体、液体或气体燃料中的一种或多种，以喷吹或投料的方式喷入，所述喷吹载入气体为预热的氧化性气体、氮气或氩气中的一种或多种，所述预热的温度为0～1200℃；所述固体燃料与还原剂为煤粉、焦粉、焦炭、粉煤灰、烟煤或无烟煤中的一种或多种，形状为粒状或粉状，粒状物料粒度为5～25mm，粉状物料粒度为≤150μm，所述液体燃料与还原剂为重油，所述气体燃料与还原剂为煤气和/或天然气。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述步骤S1中，所述混合均匀为自然混合或搅拌混合，所述搅拌混合的方式为氩气搅拌、氮气搅拌、氮气-氩气混合气搅拌、还原性气体搅拌、氧化性气体搅拌、电磁搅拌或机械搅拌中的一种或几种；
    在所述步骤S2中，所述沉降为自然沉降或旋转沉降或离心沉降；进行冷却沉降时的冷却方式为自然冷却或旋转冷却或离心冷却，所述分离时，用重力分选法是摇床分选、溜槽分选或者二者相结合。
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