Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
  • A61B1/00193—Optical arrangements adapted for stereoscopic vision
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
  • A61B1/00043—Operational features of endoscopes provided with output arrangements
  • A61B1/00045—Display arrangement
  • A61B1/0005—Display arrangement combining images e.g. side-by-side, superimposed or tiled
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00002—Operational features of endoscopes
  • A61B1/00059—Operational features of endoscopes provided with identification means for the endoscope
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
  • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00064—Constructional details of the endoscope body
  • A61B1/00071—Insertion part of the endoscope body
  • A61B1/0008—Insertion part of the endoscope body characterised by distal tip features
  • A61B1/00087—Tools
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/00163—Optical arrangements
  • A61B1/00194—Optical arrangements adapted for three-dimensional imaging
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/005—Flexible endoscopes
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
  • A61B1/05—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by the image sensor, e.g. camera, being in the distal end portion
  • A61B1/051—Details of CCD assembly
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
  • A61B1/0615—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements for radial illumination
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
  • A61B1/0638—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements providing two or more wavelengths
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/06—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements
  • A61B1/07—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor with illuminating arrangements using light-conductive means, e.g. optical fibres
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/313—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes
  • A61B1/3132—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor for introducing through surgical openings, e.g. laparoscopes for laparoscopy
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
  • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
  • G02B23/2407—Optical details
  • G02B23/2415—Stereoscopic endoscopes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
  • G02B23/00—Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices
  • G02B23/24—Instruments or systems for viewing the inside of hollow bodies, e.g. fibrescopes
  • G02B23/2476—Non-optical details, e.g. housings, mountings, supports
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B1/00—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor
  • A61B1/04—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances
  • A61B1/05—Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by the image sensor, e.g. camera, being in the distal end portion

Definitions

• the invention relates to an imaging endoscopic device, in particular for medical applications, comprising an endoscope with a shaft insertable into an examination subject and a data processing unit and optical imaging units for providing image data sets for the data processing unit.
• the invention relates to a method for endoscopic examination of an examination subject, in particular for medical applications, in which a shaft of an endoscope is introduced into an examination subject and an object is imaged in the examination subject, wherein a data processing unit image data records are provided.
• Endoscopic examinations can also be carried out, for example, in the field of production or maintenance of technical objects.
• the endoscopic examination of gas turbines is called, as described in the
• the shaft of the endoscope is in the
• WO 2006/005061 A2 describes a device in which three optical imaging units are used. The operator can be represented by means of two imaging units, a stereo image on a display unit. It is also possible to create an additional image using a third imaging unit and to represent, for example, as an insert in the stereo image in order to provide additional information to the surgeon.
• the object of the present invention is to provide an endoscopic device and a method for endoscopic examination with which additional information for a more comprehensive examination of the examination object can be obtained.
• an endoscopic device in particular for medical applications, comprising an endoscope with a shaft insertable into an examination subject and a data processing unit, three or more optical imaging units with respective imaging elements located distally on the shaft and image sensors associated therewith for the data processing unit, wherein the data processing unit is designed and programmed in such a way that it uses the image data records to determine pixels corresponding thereto and to produce a 3D surface data record of an object imaged in the examination subject by the imaging units.
• the device it is provided that at least three imaging units are used, wherein in an advantageous embodiment, four or more imaging units can be provided.
• Distally arranged on the shaft are imaging elements in the field of view of which an object to be imaged is located.
• Light bundled by the imaging elements can be transmitted to the image sensors which are arranged in the shaft or in a position positioned externally to the examination subject.
• housing can be arranged.
• the data processing unit examines the image data records for corresponding (so-called homologous) pixels, wherein the image data sets are taken into account by three or more image sensors and preferably by all image sensors. Unlike the devices known from the prior art, there is the possibility according to the invention that a 3D reconstruction of the observed scene is possible.
• any ambiguities and inaccuracies that are known to occur in the evaluation of stereo image data sets can be largely eliminated.
• a 3D surface data set of imaged objects can thereby be created, which is characterized by higher accuracy.
• the 3D surface data set can be used for the further endoscopic examination and is taken into account, for example, for time-dependent recording of the change in position and / or the shape of an object or several, which will be discussed later.
• the device according to the invention is particularly suitable for medical endoscopic examinations.
• These investigations face the challenge that endoscopic devices require compactness to minimize invasiveness for the patient (for example, avoiding any additional incisions), especially taking into account the limited space available in the body.
• the fact that these are predominantly designed with low textures and therefore have only a few structural properties that are easy to analyze in terms of image processing is particularly difficult to detect, reconstruct and identify endogenous structures. It proves to be difficult, too, that due to the weak structure and adherent fluid, such as water or blood, reflections emanate from the body's own structures, which are difficult to analyze in the image datasets. Promoting for intrinsically unwanted reflections is still required lighting in the body.
• the present invention by using at least three image data sets, allows to eliminate ambiguities to a high degree and thereby obtain overall more reliable information about imaged objects.
• the 3D surface data set can be created from a so-called "point cloud" of a finite number of points or comprises such a finite number of points that are determined on the basis of the identified corresponding image points.
• the person skilled in the art can resort to algorithms of multi-image matching known to him, for example according to the core-line intersection method.
• the data processing unit determines the corresponding pixels for the generation of the 3D data record in real time, for example at intervals of a few seconds and preferably in the millisecond range.
• an object can be displayed in a manner in real time in this way.
• position and / or shape changes of the object can be determined by the device in a time-dependent manner.
• the object at least partially, can be tracked.
• a movement of the object with a change in position and / or orientation and / or a change in shape of one or more objects (s) can be detected by the data processing unit in that successive 3D data sets have differences, the object or objects (preferably simultaneously ) can each be identified in the 3D data records and thereby tracked in a time-dependent manner.
• the data processing unit uses two image data records to produce a stereo image data record which is examined for corresponding pixels with at least one further image data record.
• two image data records are stereoscopically combined with each other and compared with a further image data record. Accordingly, in a preferred embodiment, it is advantageous if the data processing unit of each two image data records creates a stereo image data record which is examined for corresponding pixels with a respective further image data record.
• the device comprises a display unit coupled to the data processing unit.
• the data processing unit creates a stereo image of the object on the basis of two image data sets and displays it on the display unit.
• the user for example the surgeon, an intuitively detectable stereo image for guiding the endoscope can be displayed in the examination subject.
• the data processing unit displays an image of the 3D data record of the display unit, in particular as a function of time.
• the 3D (surface) data set created by the data processing unit with the object reconstructed on the basis of the image information can provide the user with valuable additional information during the endoscopic intervention. False color display to highlight interesting properties of the object is possible.
• a navigation in the illustrated 3D data set for the user is advantageously possible in order to be able to view the object from different sides, without having to guide the endoscope for this purpose.
• the imaging elements can be arranged colinearly on the shaft in an advantageous embodiment. In plan view of the distal end of the shaft, the imaging elements can be positioned next to each other, for example equidistant. Respective axes defined by the imaging elements are arranged along a straight line passing through them and / or aligned in pairs parallel to one another.
• one of the imaging elements is arranged symmetrically with respect to a base formed by two further other imaging elements on the shaft.
• two imaging elements form a base of a stereoscopic system with a third imaging element positioned symmetrically to the base.
• the imaging elements in particular in the last-mentioned advantageous embodiment, arranged in a regular arrangement on the shaft, for example according to an isosceles and in particular equilateral triangle, each based on a plan view of the shaft in the proximal direction.
• regular arrangement of the imaging elements for example of three imaging elements, according to an equilateral triangle, a compact design of the endoscope can be achieved.
• At least two imaging elements are arranged in a planar arrangement relative to one another.
• optical axes of the imaging elements are aligned parallel to one another.
• Optical planes of the imaging elements, in particular lens planes, preferably coincide.
• Image sensors are arranged in a planar arrangement to each other. among them In the present case, it can be understood, in particular, that planes formed by the image sensors can coincide or be arranged parallel to one another.
• optical imaging properties of the imaging elements are preferably identical.
• the imaging properties of the imaging units as a whole can be identical.
• the image sensors are arranged in the shaft and are coupled via signal lines to the data processing unit positioned outside the object to be examined.
• the data processing unit positioned outside the object to be examined.
• the imaging elements are coupled via guided in the shaft light guide elements with the image sensors, which are arranged outside the examination subject in a housing. Objects are imaged via the imaging elements into the light-guiding elements and via these onto the image sensors arranged externally to the object to be examined.
• the device comprises a lighting unit with at least one light-emitting element which can be inserted into the examination object. This gives the opportunity to illuminate the scene and create higher quality images of objects.
• a plurality of lighting elements is provided.
• the light-emitting elements can preferably be freely positionable relative to one another and / or, advantageously, can be activated or deactivated independently of one another. bar, so that the device for the operator is as versatile as possible.
• each imaging unit is assigned a luminous element, wherein the number of luminous elements can be equal to the number of imaging units.
• the luminous element comprises or forms at least one light guide guided in the shaft.
• the integration of the light guide into the shaft makes it possible to save a luminous element to be introduced in addition to the shaft in the examination subject.
• the operator is the handling of the device simplified in that at the same time the light guide is moved with the action on the endoscope.
• the optical waveguide is adapted with regard to an advantageous illumination of the field of view of the imaging elements, a high-quality optical imaging can be achieved.
• the light guide is or includes, for example, a bundle of glass fibers guided in the shaft.
• the optical waveguides are arranged symmetrically relative to one another and / or symmetrically relative to the imaging elements in the shaft and in particular distally on the shaft, relative to a plan view. It is desirable to have a homogeneous illumination of the field of view of the imaging elements.
• the light guides can be arranged to minimize reflections advantageously radially outside with respect to the imaging elements, based on an axis of the shaft. In the present case, this can be understood in particular to mean that the light guides are radially further spaced from the shaft axis than axes of the imaging elements.
• the shaft can be rigid or flexible. In a flexible shaft, a lockable flexibility may be provided.
• various configurations of the image sensors will be discussed, as they may be present in different embodiments. It is conceivable, in principle, an exchange of image sensors, in which case their arrangement in an externally arranged to the object under investigation housing as explained above may be advantageous.
• At least two of the three or more image sensors differ from each other in terms of spectral sensitivity and / or resolution.
• the spectral sensitivity of at least one image sensor can be in the infrared range, in the range of the visible spectrum or in the ultraviolet range.
• the operator can be provided with information that is not available in conventional endoscopes with a sensitivity in the visible spectrum, including stereo endoscopes.
• At least two of the three or more image sensors can be configured identically with regard to the spectral sensitivity and / or resolution.
• two image sensors are monochrome sensors in terms of grayscale or a color value (monochrome color).
• two monochrome image sensors can be combined with a color image sensor (such as RGB).
• the image data sets of the monochrome sensors can be used for stereoscopic viewing with high resolution.
• the monochrome image data sets can be colored using the color image data set.
• a Pansharpening method can be used.
• the color image data record can alternatively or additionally be used as a control image and / or for detecting outliers in the monochrome image data sets.
• two color image sensors are provided (for example RGB) and a third image sensor whose spectral sensitivity lies in a different wavelength range, for example in the infrared or in the ultraviolet.
• a possible lower resolution of the image data sets in the other spectral range can be compensated, for example by means of pansharpening, with the color image data sets.
• two image sensors may be monochrome sensors and the third image sensor may be a color image sensor.
• At least one image sensor is or includes a time-of-flight sensor that provides a distance image data record and that the data processing unit uses the distance image data record to provide distance information for matching with a stereo image data record obtained from other image data sets determined. Approximations of surfaces of objects for stereomatching can thereby be determined.
• the data processing unit can, for example, monitor corresponding pixels in a time-dependent manner and thus to a certain extent carry out a continuous control of the image data records. This is advantageous if external influences or, for example, the heating of the endoscope lead to a change in the orientation of the imaging units and thus the imaging properties change. By providing an indication, an operator may be alerted to this fact. Alternatively or additionally, it is favorable if an automatic compensation of the changed imaging properties can be carried out by the data processing unit.
• the device may have at least one tool for handling in the examination subject.
• the tool for example a surgical instrument, conveniently comprises a marking that can be recognized by the data processing unit in the image data records for identification of the tool.
• the tool can be tracked in a time-dependent manner (tracked), in particular with regard to its position according to position and / or orientation.
• a representation of the thus tracked tool in a visualized 3D data set of an object is to assist the operator during the procedure of advantage.
• the above-mentioned object is achieved by a method according to the invention for the endoscopic examination of an examination object, in particular for medical applications, in which a shaft of an endoscope is introduced into an examination subject and an object is imaged in the examination subject, wherein three or more optical imaging units with respective, distal provided on the shaft imaging elements and these associated image sensors for providing image data sets for the data processing unit are provided, wherein the data processing unit based on the image data sets determined therein corresponding pixels and creates a 3D surface data set of the imaged by the imaging units object.
• Figure 1 an endoscopic device according to the invention for a medical application to a patient by an operator
• FIG. 2 shows schematically the device from FIG. 1;
• Figure 3 is an illustration of a distal end of the shaft of an endoscope of the device, in the direction of the arrow "A" in Figure 2;
• FIG. 4 shows a representation corresponding to FIG. 3 in a different embodiment of the endoscope.
• Figure 5 a stereo image of a surgical instrument and an object
• FIGs 1 and 2 show schematically an occupied with the reference numeral 10 advantageous embodiment of an imaging endoscopic device according to the invention.
• the device 10 is used for the endoscopic examination of an examination subject 12 in order to examine existing objects therein, of which FIG. 5 shows an example of an object 14.
• FIG. 5 shows an example of an object 14.
• Several objects to be imaged can be provided and, in the present case, examined simultaneously.
• the application of the device 10 is illustrated by the example of a surgical intervention, wherein the present invention is not limited to medical applications.
• endoscopic devices can also be used to control technical devices during manufacture and maintenance.
• the device 10 comprises three imaging units. Other embodiments may, as already mentioned, comprise more than three imaging units.
• subject 12 is body 16 of a patient 18, and object 14 is, for example, an organ 20 in abdomen 22 to be examined.
• the operator of device 10 is an operator 24.
• the device 10 comprises a hand-guided by the surgeon 24 endoscope 26 with a handle member 28 and held thereon, at least partially insertable into the body 16 shaft 30.
• the shaft 30 has a distal end 32, the intended use of the endoscope 26 at the of Operator 24 is arranged on the opposite side.
• the grip element 28 comprises or forms a housing 34.
• the shaft 30 is designed to be rigid here, but could also be flexible. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the shaft 30 is held in a positionally variable manner on the grip element 28.
• the device 10 comprises a data processing unit 36, which in the present case comprises two components operatively coupled to one another and arranged in housings 38, 40.
• a data processing unit 36 which in the present case comprises two components operatively coupled to one another and arranged in housings 38, 40.
• an evaluation unit 42 of the data processing unit 36 is housed and in the housing 40 a computing unit 44.
• the data processing unit 36 has a common housing, which accommodates both the evaluation unit 42 and the arithmetic unit 44 coupled thereto.
• the data processing unit 36 is coupled to a display unit 46, which in particular comprises an image display 48.
• the device 10 comprises three optical imaging units 50, 52 and 54.
• Each imaging unit 50, 52, 54 comprises an imaging element 56, 58 or 60 captured at the distal end 32 in the shaft 30.
• the imaging elements 56, 58, 60 can preferably be configured identically and are formed for example in the form of lenses.
• the imaging elements 56, 58, 60 are arranged in a planar arrangement to each other at the distal end 32 of the shaft 30, wherein each of them defined axes 62, 64 and 66 extend parallel to each other and parallel to an axis 68 defined by the shaft 30. Lens planes of the imaging elements 56, 58 and 60 coincide.
• the imaging members 56, 58 and 60 are symmetrically positioned with respect to one another along an equilateral triangle on the shaft 30 ( Figure 3, which axially faces the distal end 32 of the shaft 30 in a proximal direction).
• Each imaging element 56, 58 and 60 defines a field of view, not shown in the drawing, in which regions of the abdominal cavity 22 and in particular the organ 20 can be arranged. Objects in the respective field of view of an imaging element 56, 58, 60 are imaged on image sensors 70, 72 and 74 of the imaging units 50, 52 and 54, respectively. Each imaging element 56, 58, 60 is associated with an image sensor 70, 72 and 74, respectively (i.e., 56-70, 58-72, and 60-74).
• imaging elements 56, 58, 60 collected light is guided by guided in the shaft 30, not shown in the drawing Lichtleitium to the housing 34 of the handle member 28, in which the image sensors 70, 72, 74 are arranged. Additional imaging elements (not shown) may be provided to image light onto each of image sensors 70, 72, 74, respectively.
• image sensors are positioned directly in the shaft 30, for example, directly proximal to the imaging elements 56, 58, 60, whereby light guide elements can be saved.
• the image sensors 70, 72, 74 are coupled to the evaluation unit 42 via a signal line 76.
• a respective image data set 78, 80 or 82 provided by an image sensor 70, 72, 74 can be preprocessed by an evaluation element 84 of the evaluation unit 42 (shown schematically in FIG. 2).
• the image data sets 78, 80 and 82 and / or preprocessed information can be supplied to a computing element 85 of the arithmetic unit 44.
• the device 10 comprises a lighting unit 86 for illuminating the scene in the interior of the body in order to improve the imaging properties of the device 10.
• the illumination unit 86 comprises a light source 88, which in the present case is accommodated in a housing 90 external to the endoscope 26.
• a light pipe 92 is guided from the housing 90 to the housing 34 of the endoscope 26.
• Three light-emitting elements 94, 96 and 98 are coupled to the light line 92, which in the present case are designed as light-guiding elements in the form of glass-fiber bundles.
• the light elements 94, 96, 98 are guided by the housing 34 through the shaft 30 and extend to the distal end 32nd
• the light-emitting elements 94, 96, 98 are arranged symmetrically to each other according to an equilateral triangle (relative to a proximal viewing direction on the distal end 32). Furthermore, there is a symmetry of the arrangement of the luminous elements 94, 96, 98 with respect to the imaging elements 56, 58 and 60. Each luminous element 94, 96, 98 is diametrically opposite one of the imaging elements 56, 58 and 60 with respect to the axis 68 of the shaft 30 arranged opposite. In this way the illumination of the scene inside the body is made as uniform as possible.
• the arrangement of the luminous elements 94, 96, 98 distally radially outside with respect to the imaging elements 56, 58 and 60 proves to be advantageous for avoiding reflections at the objects to be visualized.
• an endoscope 100 that is configured differently from the endoscope 26 can be provided, whose shaft 102 is shown in FIG. 4 in a manner corresponding to FIG.
• the imaging elements 56, 58, 60 are positioned collinear with their axes 62, 64 and 66 parallel to each other.
• the axis of the central imaging element coincides with the axis 68 of the shaft 102.
• the illumination unit 86 in the alternative device comprises two light elements 94, 96, which are positioned laterally next to the threefold arrangement of the imaging elements 56, 58 and 60.
• the image sensors 70, 72 and 74 can be designed differently.
• the image sensors 70 and 72 are identical and designed as monochrome sensors and especially as grayscale sensors.
• the image sensors 70, 72 can accordingly achieve a comparatively high resolution.
• the image sensor 74 may differ in the device 10 in terms of resolution and / or spectral sensitivity of the image sensors 70, 72.
• the image sensor 74 is, for example, a color image sensor for color image representation, for example in RGB format.
• the data processing unit 36 is designed and programmed such that it generates a stereo image 104 based on the image data records 78, 80 of the image sensors 70 and 72, respectively.
• the stereo image 104 can be displayed on the display unit 46 and shows the surgeon 24 the scene in the abdominal cavity 22 to facilitate the guidance of the endoscope 26.
• the data processing unit 36 is designed and programmed such that it analyzes the image data records 78, 80 and 82 on corresponding (so-called homologous) pixels and determines corresponding pixels in the image data sets 78, 80 and 82. In this way, it is possible for the data processing unit 36 with high precision to exclude any ambiguities, which may occur in the case of only two image data records, taking into account a third image data record.
• the data processing unit 36 can create a 3D surface data set of mapped objects, for example the organ 20.
• a 3D image 106 of the 3D data record can be displayed on the display unit 46. It is also possible to superimpose the 3D image 106 with the stereo image 104.
• the analysis of the image data records 78, 80 and 82 can in particular be carried out in real time in the sub-second interval.
• the continuous analysis of the image data sets 78, 80, 82 allows the data processing unit 36 to determine changes in position and / or shape of the organ 20 as a function of time.
• the organ 20 can accordingly be tracked by the data processing unit 36, wherein the surface of the organ 20 is reconstructed almost in real time by continuous analysis of the image data records 78, 80, 82.
• the surgeon 24 has additional information that is not available with conventional endoscopic devices.
• results from the integration of all imaging elements 56, 58 and 60 and in addition to the lighting elements 94, 96 and 98 in the same shaft 30 is a very compact design. An examination of the patient 18 is possible with low invasiveness.
• the device 10 may further comprise at least one tool 108, which in the present case is designed as a surgical instrument 110.
• An identification 112 may be provided on the instrument 110.
• the marking 112 comprises a plurality of coaxial rings 114, which are arranged axially spaced from one another on a shaft 116 of the instrument 110.
• the data processing unit 36 may identify the instrument 110 based on the tag 112 and track it as well as the organ 20 as an observed object.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Surgery (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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