WO2018006672A1 - 一种内置加热装置的谷物负压连续干燥机 - Google Patents

一种内置加热装置的谷物负压连续干燥机 Download PDF

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WO2018006672A1
WO2018006672A1 PCT/CN2017/086989 CN2017086989W WO2018006672A1 WO 2018006672 A1 WO2018006672 A1 WO 2018006672A1 CN 2017086989 W CN2017086989 W CN 2017086989W WO 2018006672 A1 WO2018006672 A1 WO 2018006672A1
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Prior art keywords
heating device
dryer
grain
silo
drying
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PCT/CN2017/086989
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English (en)
French (fr)
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马岩波
周巾英
冯健雄
朱雪晶
何家林
陈桂鹏
熊文华
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江西省农业科学院农产品加工研究所
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Application filed by 江西省农业科学院农产品加工研究所 filed Critical 江西省农业科学院农产品加工研究所
Priority to JP2018569156A priority Critical patent/JP2019521306A/ja
Priority to EP17823484.5A priority patent/EP3453995B1/en
Publication of WO2018006672A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018006672A1/zh
Priority to ZA2018/08249A priority patent/ZA201808249B/en
Priority to US16/241,607 priority patent/US20190137178A1/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • F26B17/122—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the material moving through a cross-flow of drying gas; the drying enclosure, e.g. shaft, consisting of substantially vertical, perforated walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/12—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft
    • F26B17/16—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed solely by gravity, i.e. the material moving through a substantially vertical drying enclosure, e.g. shaft the materials passing down a heated surface, e.g. fluid-heated closed ducts or other heating elements in contact with the moving stack of material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B5/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat
    • F26B5/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes not involving the application of heat by evaporation or sublimation of moisture under reduced pressure, e.g. in a vacuum
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
    • A23B9/00—Preservation of edible seeds, e.g. cereals
    • A23B9/08—Drying; Subsequent reconstitution
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F26B21/022—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure with provisions for changing the drying gas flow pattern, e.g. by reversing gas flow, by moving the materials or objects through subsequent compartments, at least two of which have a different direction of gas flow
    • F26B21/024—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure with provisions for changing the drying gas flow pattern, e.g. by reversing gas flow, by moving the materials or objects through subsequent compartments, at least two of which have a different direction of gas flow by using movable fan units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/10—Heating arrangements using tubes or passages containing heated fluids, e.g. acting as radiative elements; Closed-loop systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B25/00—Details of general application not covered by group F26B21/00 or F26B23/00
    • F26B25/02—Applications of driving mechanisms, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour circulating over or surrounding the materials or objects to be dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
    • F26B2200/06—Grains, e.g. cereals, wheat, rice, corn
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a grain dryer, and more particularly to a grain negative pressure continuous dryer with a built-in heating device.
  • Produce bursting or crushing use the “cone negative pressure continuous dryer with built-in heating device” to dry the grain, free from the site and climatic conditions and the moisture limit when the grain is put into storage, and has the following characteristics: 1.
  • the output of the single machine is high. Low production cost; 2, continuous grain feeding and continuous drying; 3, dry grain quality is good, less waist burst, low breakage rate; 4, dry under negative pressure, can avoid dry grains "Condensation" when dry; 5, can achieve one-time drying, and can achieve secondary drying; 6, dryer structure is simple, easy to operate and maintain.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a grain negative pressure continuous dryer with a built-in heating device, which continuously “segments” the grain according to the drying principle of "high humidity, high temperature, low humidity and low temperature” by uniformly heating the device in the silo. Dry to make the grain “even” dry dry.
  • the invention is realized by the invention, which comprises a dryer silo, a heating device and a centrifugal fan, wherein a plurality of heating devices are arranged from top to bottom in the silo silo, and a grain mixing device is arranged under each heating device.
  • a auxiliary heating device and a natural air inlet are provided for each heating device, and the auxiliary heating device and the natural air inlet are electrically connected to the grain and heating device in the silo silo through the punching baffle, and the centrifugal fan passes through the air duct respectively.
  • the wetlands of each layer are connected to each other.
  • the technical effects of the invention are as follows: 1.
  • the grain is subjected to gravity in the silo of the dryer, and slowly passes through the heating layer and the non-heating layer from top to bottom, and naturally forms a process of drying ⁇ slowing down ⁇ drying ⁇ slowing down... drying.
  • the heating device is evenly distributed in the silo silo, not only the short ventilation path, low power consumption, and the grain is subjected to heat conduction (radiation, convection) after passing through the heating layer
  • the grain temperature difference between the inner and outer layers of the dryer bin is small (generally around 3 ⁇ 5 °C), which achieves the "equal" drying of the grain; 4.
  • the non-heated layer in the silo of the dryer is filled with grain mixture.
  • the device allows the grains of different temperatures to be cross-mixed, and conducts heat conduction and heat radiation to each other to achieve "uniform" drying of the grain; 5.
  • the dryer uses the electromagnetic vibrating feeder to continuously discharge, and can be adjusted. The amount of material discharged from the feeder controls the level of moisture after the grain is dried (the level of moisture should be set according to the drying requirements), which avoids the grain from being broken or broken due to repeated lifting, and realizes the grain.
  • the heat source of the heating device is more extensive: using hot water, heat transfer oil and other liquids as heat source carriers; A gas such as hot air is used as a heat source carrier; and a heat source body such as an electric furnace wire, an electric heating tube, or a carbon crystal electric heating plate is used.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the mechanism of the present invention.
  • the present invention is realized in that it comprises a dryer bin 2, a heating device 3, a centrifugal fan 9, and a plurality of layers of heating devices 3 are arranged in the dryer bin 2 from top to bottom, each layer A heating device 5 is provided below the heating device 3, and outside the silo, an auxiliary heating device 6 and a natural air inlet 7 are provided corresponding to each heating device 3, and the auxiliary heating device 6 and the natural air inlet 7 pass through the punching baffle 4 and
  • the grain and heating device 3 in the dryer bin 2 is turned on, and the centrifugal fan 9 is respectively communicated with the drain ports 11 of each layer through the air duct 10, and the wet grain enters the dryer bin 2 from the grain feed port 1 through the "
  • the section is "dry" and is discharged from the grain discharge port 8.
  • the moisture of late japonica rice harvested directly from the field is 31.5%.
  • the late japonica rice harvested directly from the field will be cleaned to remove impurities such as sediment and glutinous rice, and will be lifted from the bucket elevator to the dryer silo.
  • the hot water temperature of the layer heating device is: 90 ° C for the top layer; 80 ° C for the second layer; 70 ° C for the third layer; 60 ° C for the fourth layer; 50 ° C for the bottom layer;
  • the rice is evenly discharged from the discharge port of the dryer at a flow rate of 14 kg/min. At this time, the grain has not yet reached the drying requirement, and the bucket elevator is re-lifted to the dryer silo. Adjust the flow rate of the rice outlet to ensure that within 24 hours, the top rice of the dryer reaches the discharge port or the rice moisture reaches 14.5%, which can be packed into the warehouse.
  • the temperature of the hot water of the heating device in each layer of the dryer is finely adjusted, and the output of the dryer is increased as much as possible while ensuring the dryness of the rice and the moisture of the rice reaches 14.5%.
  • the output of the dryer is expected to reach To 20 tons / 24 hours or more).
  • the late japonica rice harvested from the field will be cleaned to remove impurities such as sediment and glutinous rice, and will be lifted from the bucket elevator to the dryer silo.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Abstract

一种内置加热装置(3)的谷物负压连续干燥机，它包括干燥机料仓(2)、加热装置(3)、离心风机(9)，在干燥机料仓(2)内由上至下设置若干层加热装置(3)，每层加热装置(3)下方均设有谷物混合装置(5)，在料仓外，对应每层加热装置(3)设置附属加热装置(6)和自然空气进口(7)，附属加热装置(6)和自然空气进口(7)通过冲孔挡板(4)与干燥机料仓(2)内谷物和加热装置(3)导通，离心风机(9)通过风管(10)分别与各层排湿口(11)相连通。该干燥机可实现谷物的"分程"、"分段"、"均衡"、"均匀"、"连续"干燥，加热装置(3)的热源载体较为广泛。

Description

一种内置加热装置的谷物负压连续干燥机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种谷物干燥机，尤其涉及一种内置加热装置的谷物负压连续干燥机。
背景技术
目前，国内的谷物干燥方法主要有三种：一是采用人工整晒，这种方法虽然不耗能，但人工费用高，劳动强度大，受整晒场地和气候条件的制约；二是采用地槽通风干燥，这种方法虽然耗能不高，处理量大，但受谷物入库时的水分限制，仓内干燥不均匀，尤其是在大平仓内容易引起局部粮面“结露”；三是采用干燥机干燥，这种方法虽然干燥效率高，干燥时间短，不受谷物入库时的水分限制，但耗能比较高，谷物因快速干燥而被“逼熟”，品质下降，且容易产生爆腰或破碎；采用“内置加热装置的谷物负压连续干燥机”对谷物实施干燥，不受场地与气候条件和谷物入库时的水分限制，并具有以下特点：1、单机产量高，生产成本低；2、能实现谷物连续进料、连续干燥；3、干燥的谷物品质好，爆腰少，破碎率低；4、干燥处于负压状态，能避免谷物干燥时“结露”；5、既可达到一次性干燥，又能实现二次干燥；6、干燥机结构简单，操作维修方便。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种内置加热装置的谷物负压连续干燥机，通过在料仓内均布加热装置，按照“高湿高温，低湿低温”的干燥原则，对谷物连续进行“分段”干燥，使谷物达到“均匀”干 燥。
本发明是这样来实现的，它包括干燥机料仓、加热装置、离心风机，在干燥机料仓内由上至下设置若干层加热装置，每层加热装置下方均设有谷物混合装置，在料仓外，对应每层加热装置设置附属加热装置和自然空气进口，附属加热装置和自然空气进口通过冲孔挡板与干燥机料仓内谷物和加热装置导通，离心风机通过风管分别与各层排湿口相连通。
本发明的技术效果是：1、谷物在干燥机料仓内受重力作用，自上而下缓慢通过加热层与非加热层，自然形成了干燥→缓苏→干燥→缓苏……干燥的过程，实现了谷物的“分程”干燥；2、遵循谷物“高湿高温、低湿低温”的干燥原则，根据干燥机料仓内每层谷物不同的水分段，对加热装置的介质温度进行设定或调控，实现了谷物的“分段”干燥；3、加热装置均布于干燥机料仓内，不仅通风路径短，动力消耗低，而且谷物经过加热层后，受到热传导(辐射、对流)的作用基本接近，干燥机料仓内外层的谷物温差较小(一般在3～5℃左右)，达到了谷物的“均衡”干燥；4、干燥机料仓内非加热层，装有谷物混合装置，使不同温度的谷物得到交叉混合，相互进行热传导与热辐射，达到了谷物的“均匀”干燥；5、干燥机采用电磁振动给料机连续出料，可通过调节给料机出料量的大小，控制谷物干燥后水分的高低(水分的高低，应根据干燥要求来设定)，既避免了谷物因多次提升而造成爆腰或破碎，又实现了谷物的“连续”干燥；6、加热装置的热源载体较为广泛：以热水、导热油等液体为热源载体； 以热空气等气体为热源载体；以电炉丝、电热管、碳晶电热板等热源体。
附图说明
图1为本发明的机构示意图。
在图中，1、谷物进料口，2、干燥机料仓，3、加热装置，4、冲孔挡板，5、谷物混合装置，6、附属加热装置，7、自然空气进口，8、谷物出料口，9、离心风机，10、风管，11、排湿口。
具体实施方式
如图1所示，本发明是这样来实现的，它包括干燥机料仓2、加热装置3、离心风机9，在干燥机料仓2内由上至下设置若干层加热装置3，每层加热装置3下方均设有谷物混合装置5，在料仓外，对应每层加热装置3设置附属加热装置6和自然空气进口7，附属加热装置6和自然空气进口7通过冲孔挡板4与干燥机料仓2内谷物和加热装置3导通，离心风机9通过风管10分别与各层排湿口11相连通，湿谷物从谷物进料口1进入干燥机料仓2内，经过“分段”干燥，由谷物出料口8出料。
实施例：一台日干燥谷物20吨(湿基、下同)内置五层加热装置的谷物负压连续干燥机，在南方用于干燥晚秈稻，干燥热源是采用燃煤热水锅炉。直接从田间收割的晚秈稻水分为31.5％，稻谷干燥后的水分要求：如实行一次性干燥，水分应控制在国家规定的储藏标准14.5％以内；如实行二次干燥，稻谷进行暂存(≤48小时)，水分应控制在17.5％以内。
(一)实行一次性干燥：
1、将直接从田间收割的晚秈稻进行清理，除去泥沙、瘪谷等杂质，由斗式提升机升至干燥机料仓。
2、设定干燥谷物的水分段：将干燥前稻谷的水分31.5％与干燥后稻谷应控制的水分14.5％划分为五段，即：偏高水分段14.5％～15.5％；较高水分段15.5％～17.5％；高水分段17.5％～20.5％；超高水分段20.5％～24.5％；特高水分段24.5％～31.5％。
3、设定通入干燥机内各层加热装置热水的温度：根据谷物“高湿高温、低湿低温”干燥要求，以稻谷划分的五个水分段，设定并控制通入干燥机各层加热装置的热水温度分别为：顶层为90℃；第二层为80℃；第三层为70℃；第四层为60℃；底层为50℃；
4、启动热水锅炉，当热水温度达到90℃，启动热水泵，将热水送至干燥机料仓内的内置加热装置(包括干燥机料仓外的附属加热装置)。
5、启动电磁振动给料机，稻谷从干燥机出料口以14公斤/分钟的流量均匀排出，此时，谷物还未达到干燥要求，由斗式提升机重新升至干燥机料仓。调节出料口稻谷的流量以确保在24小时内，干燥机顶层稻谷到达出料口或者稻谷水分达到14.5％，即可装包入库。
6、根据稻谷干燥后的水分要求，对通入干燥机内各层加热装置热水的温度进行微调，在确保稻谷干燥质量和稻谷水分达到14.5％的前提下，尽可能提高干燥机的产量(预计干燥机的产量可达 到20吨/24小时以上)。
7生产成本核算：燃煤费用(0.5吨χ600元/吨)＝300元；耗电费用(25千瓦χ24小时χ0.8元/度)＝480元；人工费用(2人χ200元/人)＝400元。
总费用＝300元+480元+400元＝1180元。
生产成本＝1180元÷20吨＝59元/吨。
(二)实行二次干燥：
1、将从田间收割的晚秈稻进行清理，除去泥沙、瘪谷等杂质，由斗式提升机升至干燥机料仓。
2、设定干燥谷物的水分段：将暂存稻谷的水分31.5％与干燥后稻谷应控制的水分17.5％划分为五段，即：偏高水分段17.5％～18.5％；较高水分段18.5％～20％；高水分段20％～22％；超高水分段22％～25％；特高水分段25％～31.5％。
3、设定通入干燥机内各层加热装置热水的温度：根据谷物“高湿高温、低湿低温”干燥要求，以稻谷划分的五个水分段，设定并控制通入干燥机各层加热装置的热水温度分别为：顶层为90℃；第二层为85℃；第三层为80℃；第四层为75℃；底层为70℃。
4、启动热水锅炉，当热水温度达到90℃，启动热水泵，将热水送至干燥机料仓内的内置加热装置(包括干燥机料仓外的附属加热装置)。
5、启动电磁振动给料机，稻谷从干燥机出料口以42公斤/分钟的流量均匀排出，此时，谷物还未达到干燥要求，由斗式提升 机重新升至干燥机料仓。调节出料口稻谷的流量以确保在24小时内，干燥机顶层稻谷到达出料口或者水分达到17.5％时，即可进行暂存或直接送至烘储调一体仓。
6、根据稻谷干燥后的水分要求，对进入干燥机内各层加热装置的热水温度进行微调，在确保稻谷干燥质量和稻谷水分达到17.5％的前提下，尽可能提高干燥机的产量(预计干燥机的产量可达到60吨/24小时以上)。
7生产成本核算：生产规模按60吨/24小计算。燃煤费用(1.2吨χ600元/吨)＝720元；耗电费用(25千瓦χ24小时χ0.8元/度)＝480元；人工费用(2人χ200元/人)＝400元。
总费用＝720元+480元+400元＝1600元。
生产成本＝1600÷60吨＝26.7元/吨。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种内置加热装置的谷物负压连续干燥机，它包括干燥机料仓、加热装置、离心风机，在干燥机料仓内由上至下设置若干层加热装置，每层加热装置下方均设有谷物混合装置，在料仓外，对应每层加热装置设置附属加热装置和自然空气进口，附属加热装置和自然空气进口通过冲孔挡板与干燥机料仓内谷物和加热装置导通，离心风机通过风管分别与各层排湿口相连通。
PCT/CN2017/086989 2016-07-05 2017-06-02 一种内置加热装置的谷物负压连续干燥机 WO2018006672A1 (zh)

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