WO2017217371A1 - 化学反応装置、および、化学反応装置を用いた粒子の製造方法 - Google Patents
化学反応装置、および、化学反応装置を用いた粒子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/113—Propeller-shaped stirrers for producing an axial flow, e.g. shaped like a ship or aircraft propeller
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
- B01J19/0066—Stirrers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/005—Selection of auxiliary, e.g. for control of crystallisation nuclei, of crystal growth, of adherence to walls; Arrangements for introduction thereof
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- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/0059—General arrangements of crystallisation plant, e.g. flow sheets
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- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/05—Stirrers
- B01F27/11—Stirrers characterised by the configuration of the stirrers
- B01F27/111—Centrifugal stirrers, i.e. stirrers with radial outlets; Stirrers of the turbine type, e.g. with means to guide the flow
- B01F27/1111—Centrifugal stirrers, i.e. stirrers with radial outlets; Stirrers of the turbine type, e.g. with means to guide the flow with a flat disc or with a disc-like element equipped with blades, e.g. Rushton turbine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/808—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with stirrers driven from the bottom of the receptacle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/86—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis co-operating with deflectors or baffles fixed to the receptacle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F27/00—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders
- B01F27/80—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis
- B01F27/91—Mixers with rotary stirring devices in fixed receptacles; Kneaders with stirrers rotating about a substantially vertical axis with propellers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/50—Mixing receptacles
- B01F35/53—Mixing receptacles characterised by the configuration of the interior, e.g. baffles for facilitating the mixing of components
- B01F35/531—Mixing receptacles characterised by the configuration of the interior, e.g. baffles for facilitating the mixing of components with baffles, plates or bars on the wall or the bottom
- B01F35/5311—Mixing receptacles characterised by the configuration of the interior, e.g. baffles for facilitating the mixing of components with baffles, plates or bars on the wall or the bottom with horizontal baffles mounted on the walls
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/71—Feed mechanisms
- B01F35/712—Feed mechanisms for feeding fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
- B01J19/006—Baffles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/006—Compounds containing, besides nickel, two or more other elements, with the exception of oxygen or hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/04—Oxides; Hydroxides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G53/00—Compounds of nickel
- C01G53/40—Nickelates
- C01G53/42—Nickelates containing alkali metals, e.g. LiNiO2
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D2009/0086—Processes or apparatus therefor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D9/00—Crystallisation
- B01D9/0036—Crystallisation on to a bed of product crystals; Seeding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
- B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
- B01J2219/00479—Means for mixing reactants or products in the reaction vessels
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00761—Details of the reactor
- B01J2219/00763—Baffles
- B01J2219/00765—Baffles attached to the reactor wall
- B01J2219/00768—Baffles attached to the reactor wall vertical
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/50—Solid solutions
- C01P2002/52—Solid solutions containing elements as dopants
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/32—Spheres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a chemical reactor and a method for producing particles using the chemical reactor.
- the lithium ion secondary battery is composed of a negative electrode, a positive electrode, an electrolytic solution and the like, and a material capable of desorbing and inserting lithium is used as the active material of the negative electrode and the positive electrode.
- a lithium ion secondary battery using a lithium composite oxide, particularly a lithium cobalt composite oxide which is relatively easy to synthesize, as a positive electrode material is expected as a battery having a high energy density since a high voltage of 4 V is obtained.
- Practical application is in progress.
- a battery using lithium cobalt composite oxide many developments for obtaining excellent initial capacity characteristics and cycle characteristics have been carried out so far, and various results have already been obtained.
- lithium cobalt composite oxide uses an expensive cobalt compound as a raw material
- the unit cost per capacity of a battery using this lithium cobalt composite oxide is much higher than that of a nickel hydrogen battery, and the applicable application is considerable. It is limited. Therefore, the cost of the positive electrode material can be reduced not only for small secondary batteries for portable devices but also for large secondary batteries for electric power storage, electric vehicles, etc., and cheaper lithium ion secondary batteries can be manufactured. Expectations are high for making it possible, and it can be said that its realization has great industrial significance.
- lithium nickel complex oxide using nickel cheaper than cobalt can be mentioned.
- the lithium nickel composite oxide exhibits a lower electrochemical potential than the lithium cobalt composite oxide, so decomposition by the oxidation of the electrolytic solution is less likely to be a problem, higher capacity can be expected, and battery voltage as high as cobalt type.
- Development is actively conducted.
- a lithium ion secondary battery is manufactured using a lithium-nickel composite oxide synthesized purely with only nickel as a positive electrode material, the relative cycle characteristics are inferior to cobalt-based batteries, and the battery is relatively used by using or storing under high temperature environment.
- lithium nickel composite oxides in which a part of nickel is replaced with cobalt or aluminum are known because they have the disadvantage of easily degrading the performance.
- the general production method of the positive electrode active material is as follows: (1) First, a nickel composite hydroxide which is a precursor of a lithium nickel composite oxide is produced by a neutralization crystallization method, and (2) the precursor is a lithium compound There is known a method of mixing with and baking. Among them, as a method of producing particles by the neutralization crystallization method of (1), a typical embodiment is a process using a stirring tank.
- Patent Document 1 a mixed aqueous solution containing nickel salt and cobalt salt, an aqueous solution containing an ammonium ion supplier, and an aqueous caustic aqueous solution are supplied and reacted in a stirring vessel to obtain particles of nickel-cobalt composite hydroxide. It is deposited.
- the ratio of the amount of reaction to the amount of reaction aqueous solution per supply port of the mixed aqueous solution to 0.04 volume% / min or less, it is described that particles having a large particle size, high crystallinity and substantially spherical shape can be obtained. ing.
- the inventors of the present invention have universally studied conditions that can improve the quality of particles in chemical reactors of various structures, and focused on the volume ratio of the highly supersaturated region in the solution in the stirring tank.
- the high supersaturation region means a region in which the concentration of the particle component dissolved in the solution is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.
- the concentration of the particle component is sufficiently higher than the solubility, so the precipitation of the particle component proceeds at a significant speed.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that the smaller the volume ratio of the highly supersaturated region in the solution in the stirring tank is, the more slowly the precipitation of the particle component proceeds, and therefore the quality of the particles can be improved.
- the high supersaturation region is formed in the vicinity of the discharge port for discharging the raw material liquid into the solution.
- rapid diffusion of the particle component is required, and it is effective to increase the rotational speed of the stirring blade.
- This invention is made in view of the said subject, Comprising: It aims mainly at provision of the chemical reaction apparatus which can improve the quality of particle
- a chemical reactor which deposits particles in a solution while supplying a raw material solution into the solution, And a stirring vessel for containing the solution, and a stirring blade for stirring the solution, There is provided a chemical reaction device having a plurality of discharge units for discharging the raw material solution in the solution.
- a chemical reaction device capable of efficiently improving the quality of particles.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of a chemical reaction device according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. It is the figure which calculated distribution of UK of the flow field in the stirring tank by one Embodiment by simulation.
- 5 is a flow chart of a method of manufacturing a nickel-containing hydroxide according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an aggregate formed in the first half of the particle growth step according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an outer shell formed in the latter half of the particle growth step according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a first highly supersaturated region in the aqueous reaction solution in the nucleation step according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a second region of high supersaturation in aqueous reaction solution in a particle growth process according to one embodiment. It is a SEM photograph of an example of the section of the particles obtained when the volume ratio of the 2nd high super saturation field to the reaction solution in a continuous type stirring tank is 0.379%. It is a SEM photograph of an example of a section of an example of a section of particles obtained when volume fraction of the 2nd high super saturation field to occupy in reaction water solution in a stirring tank of continuous type is 0.624%.
- FIG. 1 is a top view of a chemical reaction device according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II of FIG.
- the chemical reaction device 10 deposits particles in the solution while supplying the raw material solution into the solution.
- the solution contains a metal salt and a base
- the raw material liquid contains a metal salt
- the particles are precipitated by neutralization crystallization.
- the metal salt comprises a nickel salt
- the particles are nickel containing hydroxides.
- grains is not limited to nickel containing hydroxide.
- the chemical reaction device 10 includes, for example, a stirring tank 20, a stirring blade 30, a stirring shaft 40, and a baffle 50.
- the stirring tank 20 accommodates the solution in a cylindrical internal space.
- the stirring blade 30 stirs the solution in the stirring tank 20.
- the stirring blade 30 is attached to the lower end of the stirring shaft 40.
- the stirring blade 30 is rotated by rotating the stirring shaft 40 by a motor or the like.
- the center line of the stirring tank 20, the center line of the stirring blade 30, and the center line of the stirring shaft 40 may coincide with each other and be vertical.
- the baffles 50 are also called baffles.
- the baffles 50 protrude from the inner circumferential surface of the stirring tank 20, and generate an upward flow and a downward flow by interrupting the rotational flow, thereby improving the stirring efficiency of the solution.
- the inventor of the present invention has universally studied conditions that can improve the quality of particles in chemical reactors of various structures, and focused on the volume ratio of the highly supersaturated region in the solution in the stirring tank 20.
- the high supersaturation region means a region where the concentration of particulate components dissolved in the solution is equal to or higher than a predetermined value. In the high supersaturation region, the concentration of the particle component is sufficiently higher than the solubility, so the precipitation of the particle component proceeds at a significant speed.
- the volume of the high supersaturation region means the total volume.
- the high supersaturation region is formed near the discharge port of the raw material liquid. Since the discharge port is installed in the flow field of the solution, the volume of the high supersaturation region is affected by the flow field.
- a flow field changes with conditions, such as a type of the stirring blade 30, a blade diameter, the volume of the stirring tank 20, etc. other than the rotation speed of the stirring blade 30.
- stirring conditions conditions that affect the flow field in the stirring tank 20 are referred to as stirring conditions.
- the flow field in the stirring tank 20 and the volume of the high supersaturation region can be confirmed by simulation.
- ⁇ Coordinate system> In the region where fluid analysis is performed (hereinafter, also referred to as "analysis region"), the stirring shaft and the surroundings of the stirring blade are handled in a rotational coordinate system that rotates with the stirring shaft and the stirring blade.
- the area handled in the rotational coordinate system is cylindrical, and its center line is superimposed on the stirring axis or the center line of the stirring blade, its diameter is set to 115% of the blade diameter of the stirring blade, and the range in the vertical direction is stirred From the inner bottom of the tank to the liquid level.
- -Other areas in the analysis area are handled in the static coordinate system. Connect the rotating coordinate system and the stationary coordinate system using the interface function of fluid analysis software. As an interface function, an optional "Frozen Rotor" is used.
- Turbulence model The flow in the stirred tank is not laminar but turbulent. As the turbulent flow model, the SST (Shear Stress Transport) model is used.
- SST Shear Stress Transport
- the mass fraction of the sum of the five components is 1 at any position and at any time within the analysis region. Therefore, the mass fraction of each of the four components excluding water among the above five components is a value obtained by solving the transport equation by CFX, and the mass fraction of water is from 1 to the mass fraction of the total of the above four components The value obtained by subtracting
- Inflow boundary (boundary of fluid) An inflow boundary where an aqueous solution containing a reaction component A (hereinafter referred to as “aqueous solution A”) flows into the fluid in the stirring tank, and an aqueous solution containing a reaction component B (hereinafter referred to as “aqueous solution B”) Separate from the inflow boundary of the inflow.
- aqueous solution A an aqueous solution containing a reaction component A
- aqueous solution B aqueous solution containing a reaction component B
- the inflow rate of the aqueous solution A, the ratio of the reactive component A in the aqueous solution A, the inflow rate of the aqueous solution B, and the ratio of the reactive component B in the aqueous solution B are constant.
- the inflow rate of the aqueous solution B is set so that the pH of the aqueous solution in the stirring tank is maintained at a predetermined value (for example, 12.0).
- Outflow boundary (boundary where fluid flows out)
- An outflow boundary from which the fluid in the stirring tank flows out is provided on a part of the inner peripheral surface of the stirring tank.
- Effluent liquids are those containing product components C and D, unreacted reaction components A and B, and water.
- the outflow amount is set so that the pressure difference between the analysis region and the outside of the system is zero.
- the liquid level is the outflow boundary.
- Thermal condition The temperature of the fluid in the stirring tank is kept constant at 25 ° C. It is assumed that there is no heat generation due to the chemical reaction and no heat in / out at the inflow boundary or the outflow boundary.
- the fluid in the stirring tank is homogeneous in the initial state, and contains only the two components of the reaction component B and water among the above five components. Specifically, among the fluid in the stirring vessel, the initial mass fraction of the reaction component A, the initial mass fraction of the generation component C, and the initial mass fraction of the generation component D are zero, and the initial mass fraction of the reaction component B Is set so that the pH of the aqueous solution in the stirring tank becomes the above-mentioned predetermined value.
- the initial mass fraction of the formation component C and the initial mass fraction of the formation component D are set to zero here, in order to reduce the number of iterations for obtaining a steady solution (that is, calculation time) It may be set to an average value over the entire analysis area that is predicted to reach in the state.
- the average value in the whole analysis area is the inflow rate of the aqueous solution A, the ratio of the reaction component A occupying the aqueous solution A, the inflow flow rate of the aqueous solution B, the ratio of the reactive component B occupying the aqueous solution B, quantitative It can be calculated based on the relationship etc.
- the high supersaturation region is a region in which the concentration of the generated component C dissolved in the aqueous solution in the stirring tank is equal to or higher than a predetermined value.
- the predetermined value is, as will be described later in detail, in the nucleation step 5.0 mol / m 3, in the particle growth step to 1.7 mol / m 3.
- the high supersaturation region set in the nucleation step is also referred to as “first high supersaturation region”
- the high supersaturation region set in the grain growth step is also referred to as “second high supersaturation region”.
- the lower limit value of the concentration of the first high supersaturation region is higher than the lower limit value of the concentration of the second high supersaturation region because the lower limit concentration at which nucleation occurs is higher than the lower limit concentration at which grain growth occurs.
- a high supersaturation region is formed around the inflow boundary of the aqueous solution A.
- the volume of the high supersaturation region is calculated by correcting the concentration distribution of the generated component C obtained by the fluid analysis.
- the concentration of the generated component C is uniformly lowered in the entire fluid in the stirring tank so that the concentration of the generated component C becomes equivalent to the solubility at the outflow boundary sufficiently separated from the inflow boundary of the aqueous solution A.
- the stirring tank is not continuous type but batch type, there is no outflow boundary.
- the concentration of the generated component C is uniformly lowered in the entire fluid in the stirring tank so that the concentration of the generated component C becomes equivalent to the solubility on the liquid surface of the aqueous solution in the stirring tank. Just do it.
- the liquid level is the outflow boundary.
- analysis conditions for obtaining nickel hydroxide are shown.
- analysis conditions for obtaining nickel composite hydroxide can be set similarly.
- fluid analysis deals with a single-phase multi-component fluid containing the following seven components.
- Reaction component A1 NiSO 4
- Reaction component A2 MnSO 4
- Reaction component B NaOH
- Produced component C1 Ni (OH) 2
- Produced component C2 Mn (OH) 2
- Product component D Na 2 SO 4 7)
- Two chemical reactions “A1 + 2B ⁇ C1 + D” and “A2 + 2B ⁇ C2 + D” occur in the stirring tank, and a vortex dissipation model corresponding to each chemical reaction is used as a reaction model.
- the reaction component A1 and the reaction component A2 are supplied from the same inflow boundary in a state of being uniformly dissolved in water.
- the aqueous solution A containing both the reaction component A1 and the reaction component A2 is supplied from the inflow boundary.
- a high supersaturation region is formed around the inflow boundary of the aqueous solution A.
- the high supersaturation region is a region in which the total molar concentration of all the metal hydroxides (here, the component C1 and the component C2) of the product components dissolved in the aqueous solution in the stirring tank is not less than the predetermined value. It is.
- reaction component A1 and the reaction component A2 flow from the same inflow boundary in a state of being uniformly dissolved in water.
- reaction component A1 and reaction component A2 react rapidly with reaction component B to produce product component C1 and product component C2. Therefore, the produced component C1 and the produced component C2 exist in a sufficiently mixed state at the time of production.
- the generated component C1 and the generated component C2 do not separate out as separate hydroxides, but separate out as a solid solution of the composite hydroxide of the respective components.
- the fluid analysis deals with a single-phase multi-component fluid containing the following nine components.
- Reaction component A1 NiSO 4
- Reactive component A2 CoSO 4
- Reactive component A3 Al 2 (SO 4 ) 3
- Reaction component B NaOH
- Produced component C2 Co (OH) 2 7)
- Product component D Na 2 SO 4 9)
- water it is assumed that three chemical reactions “A1 + 2 B ⁇ C 1 + D”, “A 2 + 2 B ⁇ C 2 + D”, and “1/2 A 3 + 3 B ⁇ C 3 + 3 2 D” occur in the stirring tank, and the vortex dissipation corresponding to each chemical reaction A model is used as a reaction model.
- the reaction component A1, the reaction component A2 and the reaction component A3 are supplied from the same inflow boundary in a state of being uniformly dissolved in water. That is, the aqueous solution A containing the reaction component A1, the reaction component A2, and the reaction component A3 is supplied from the inflow boundary.
- a high supersaturation region is formed around the inflow boundary of the aqueous solution A. In the high supersaturation region, the molar concentration of the sum of all metal hydroxides (here, product component C1, product component C2 and product component C3) of the product components dissolved in the aqueous solution in the stirring tank is the above predetermined It is the area above the value.
- reaction component A1, the reaction component A2 and the reaction component A3 flow from the same inflow boundary in a state of being uniformly dissolved in water.
- reaction component A1, reaction component A2 and reaction component A3 react rapidly with reaction component B to produce product component C1, product component C2 and product component C3. Therefore, the produced component C1, the produced component C2 and the produced component C3 are present in a sufficiently mixed state at the time of production.
- the generated component C1, the generated component C2, and the generated component C3 are not precipitated as individual hydroxides, but the hydroxides in which the respective components are complexed are precipitated as a solid solution.
- fluid analysis deals with a single-phase multi-component fluid including the following nine components.
- Reaction component A1 NiSO 4
- Reaction component A2 MnSO 4
- Reaction component A3 CoSO 4
- Reaction component B NaOH
- Product component D Na 2 SO 4 9)
- water it is assumed that three chemical reactions “A1 + 2 B ⁇ C 1 + D”, “A 2 + 2 B ⁇ C 2 + D”, and “1/2 A 3 + 3 B ⁇ C 3 + 3 2 D” occur in the stirring tank, and the vortex dissipation corresponding to each chemical reaction A model is used as a reaction model.
- the reaction component A1, the reaction component A2 and the reaction component A3 are supplied from the same inflow boundary in a state of being uniformly dissolved in water. That is, the aqueous solution A containing the reaction component A1, the reaction component A2, and the reaction component A3 is supplied from the inflow boundary.
- a high supersaturation region is formed around the inflow boundary of the aqueous solution A. In the high supersaturation region, the molar concentration of the total of all metal hydroxides (here, the component C1, the component C2 and the component C3) of the product components dissolved in the aqueous solution in the stirring tank is the above predetermined It is the area above the value.
- the number of inflow boundaries of the aqueous solution A may be more than one, and the number of high supersaturation regions may be more than one.
- the volume of the high supersaturation region means the total volume.
- the method for producing the nickel-containing hydroxide may have a step of confirming the volume ratio of the high supersaturation region in the aqueous solution in the stirring tank by simulation. This confirmation may be made each time the manufacturing conditions change.
- the change in manufacturing conditions includes, for example, the capacity and shape of the stirring tank, the number, shape, size or location of the stirring blades, the number of rotations of the stirring blades, the flow rate and concentration of the raw material liquid, or the nozzle for supplying the raw material liquid.
- the shape, the number, or the arrangement may be mentioned. For example, when a stirring tank is a batch type, while the manufacturing conditions are the same, confirmation may be performed once, and each confirmation is unnecessary.
- the actual reaction aqueous solution also contains ammonia as a chemical component.
- ammonia does not directly participate in the precipitation reaction of solid particles, and its concentration is also smaller than the concentration of nickel hydroxide. Therefore, it is considered that the influence of ammonia on the volume of the high supersaturation region of nickel hydroxide is small. Therefore, ammonia in the chemical component to be solved by the simulation model is treated as water.
- the inventors examined by simulation the means capable of reducing the volume of the high supersaturation region when the stirring conditions are the same and the supply flow rate of the raw material liquid into the stirring tank 20 is the same.
- the volume of the high supersaturation region mainly depends on (1) the number N of discharge ports of the raw material liquid and (2) UK near the discharge port of the raw material liquid (details will be described later).
- the UK is the product of the flow velocity U (m / s) and the turbulent diffusion coefficient K (m 2 / s).
- the UK differs depending on the location in the stirring tank 20 even if the stirring conditions are the same.
- Table 1 shows the number N of discharge ports for the raw material liquid and the volumes V1 and V2 of the high supersaturation region when the stirring conditions are the same and the supply flow rate of the raw material liquid into the stirring tank 20 is the same. Show the relationship.
- the supply flow rate from each discharge port when N is plural is 1 / N of the supply flow rate from the discharge port when N is 1.
- the supply flow rate is the amount of supply per unit time.
- UK in the vicinity of each outlet when N is plural is substantially the same as UK in the vicinity of the outlet when N is 1.
- the interval between the discharge ports when N was plural was set such that the high supersaturation regions do not overlap.
- V1 represents the volume of the first high supersaturation region
- V2 represents the volume of the second high supersaturation region
- V1 0 is the value of V1 when N is 1
- V2 0 is N represent respectively the value of V2 in the case of 1.
- N is plural
- V1 means the total volume of the N first high supersaturation regions
- V2 means the total volume of the N second high supersaturation regions.
- the volumes V1 and V2 of the high supersaturation region tend to be smaller. This tendency was also seen when the stirring conditions were changed. Moreover, this tendency was similarly seen, even if the supply flow rate of the raw material liquid in the stirring tank was changed.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that the volumes V1 and V2 of the high supersaturation region can be reduced by dividing the raw material liquid and supplying the raw material liquid into the stirring tank from a plurality of discharge ports.
- the chemical reaction device of the present embodiment has a plurality of discharge units 22 that discharge the raw material liquid in the solution in the stirring tank 20.
- One discharge port is formed in each discharge portion 22.
- the distance between the discharge parts 22 be set so that the high supersaturation regions do not overlap.
- the discharge portions 22 are close to each other to such an extent that the high supersaturation regions overlap with each other, the significance of making the number of the discharge portions 22 plural is diminished. Whether or not the high supersaturation regions overlap can be determined by the above simulation.
- the distance between the centers of the discharge portions 22 is, for example, 75 mm or more.
- the distance between the centers of the discharge portions 22 is, for example, 120 mm or more.
- the intervals between the ejection units 22 may be the same in the nucleation step and the particle growth step, but may be changed in accordance with the steps if the nucleation step and the particle growth step are performed separately.
- FIG. 3 shows the distribution of the flow field UK in a stirred tank according to one embodiment.
- the region hatched with a diamond network is a region where UK is 3.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 m 3 / s 2 or more.
- the distribution shown in FIG. 3 was obtained by simulation.
- the volume of the stirring tank 20 is 2 L
- the type of the stirring blade 30 is a disk turbine blade
- the number of the blades of the stirring blade 30 is six
- the blade diameter of the stirring blade 30 is 80 mm
- the stirring blade 30 and the stirring tank 20 The vertical distance to the bottom was 5 mm
- the rotational speed of the stirring blade 30 was 850 rpm.
- the UK in the stirring tank differs depending on the location, and tends to be particularly large near the bottom 21 of the stirring tank 20. The same tendency was observed even when the stirring conditions such as the type and the blade diameter of the stirring blade 30 and the volume of the stirring tank 20 were changed.
- Table 2 shows the relationship between UK in the vicinity of the discharge port and the volumes V1 and V2 in the high supersaturation region when the discharge port is provided at any one of the positions P1 to P3 in FIG.
- the supply flow rate from the discharge port was the same regardless of the position of the discharge port.
- V1 ' represents the volume of the first high supersaturation region
- V2' represents the volume of the second high supersaturation region
- UK 0 is the UK of values when the position of the discharge port is P1
- V1 0 ' is the value of V1' when the position of the discharge port is P1
- V2 0' is the position of the discharge port P1
- the value of V2 'in the case of is respectively represented.
- the inventors of the present invention have found that the volumes V1 'and V2' of the high supersaturation region can be reduced by setting the discharge port of the raw material liquid at a position where UK in the stirring tank is large. As K is larger, the raw material liquid is more likely to diffuse, so V1 'and V2' become smaller. Further, as U is larger, the amount of the solution relatively increases at the joining point of the raw material liquid and the solution, so the raw material liquid is easily diffused, and V1 'and V2' become smaller.
- the plurality of discharge units 22 may be provided at intervals in the bottom portion 21 of the stirring tank 20, and may discharge the raw material liquid upward.
- the discharge port is formed in each discharge part 22, and a raw material liquid is discharged upward from each discharge port. Since UK is relatively large near the bottom 21 of the stirring tank 20, the volume of the high supersaturation region can be efficiently reduced. The smaller the volume fraction of the high supersaturation region, the slower the precipitation of the particulate component proceeds. Therefore, the quality of the particles can be improved.
- the plurality of discharge parts 22 may be provided radially outward of the stirring blade 30 in an upper view.
- the stirring blade 30 forms a flow directed radially outward by rotation, so that UK is particularly large at the radially outer side of the stirring blade 30, and the volume of the high supersaturation region 12 can be reduced more efficiently. It is also apparent from FIG. 3 that UK is particularly large at the radially outer side of the stirring blade 30.
- the plurality of discharge parts 22 may be provided radially inward of the baffle 50 in an upper view as shown in FIG. 1.
- the baffle 50 impedes the flow and reduces the flow speed, so that UK is particularly large radially inward of the baffle 50, and the volume of the high supersaturation region 12 can be reduced more efficiently. It is also apparent from FIG. 3 that UK is particularly large radially inward of the baffle 50.
- the some discharge part 22 protrudes above from the bottom part 21 of the stirring tank 20 in FIG. 2, it is not necessary to project.
- the some discharge part 22 is formed in the bottom part 21 of the stirring tank 20 in FIG. 2, for example, it is formed in a donut-shaped board by upper view, and may be installed in the bottom part 21 of the stirring tank 20. .
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a method of producing a nickel-containing hydroxide using a chemical reactor according to one embodiment.
- the method for producing the nickel-containing hydroxide is to obtain particles of the nickel-containing hydroxide by neutralization crystallization, and the nucleation step S11 for producing the nuclei of the particles, and the particles And a grain growth step S12 for growing.
- the nickel containing hydroxide obtained is demonstrated.
- Nickel-containing hydroxide A nickel containing hydroxide is used as a precursor of the positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the amount of hydroxide ions contained in the nickel-containing hydroxide generally has a stoichiometric ratio, but may be excessive or deficient to such an extent that it does not affect the present embodiment.
- a part of the hydroxide ions may be replaced with an anion (for example, a carbonate ion, a sulfate ion, or the like) to an extent not affecting the present embodiment.
- the nickel-containing hydroxide may be a single phase of the nickel-containing hydroxide (or a main component is a nickel-containing hydroxide) by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement.
- XRD X-ray diffraction
- the nickel-containing hydroxide contains nickel and preferably further contains a metal other than nickel. Hydroxides further containing metals other than nickel are referred to as nickel composite hydroxides. Since the metal composition ratio of nickel composite hydroxide (for example, Ni: Co: Mn: M) is also maintained in the obtained positive electrode active material, it should be consistent with the metal composition ratio required for the positive electrode active material Adjusted to
- the method for producing the nickel-containing hydroxide includes the nucleation step S11 and the particle growth step S12.
- the nucleus generation step S11 and the particle growth step S12 are performed separately by controlling the pH value and the like of the aqueous solution in the stirring tank using a batch-type stirring tank.
- nucleation step S11 nucleation takes precedence over particle growth, and almost no particle growth occurs.
- grain growth step S12 grain growth takes precedence over nucleation, and new nuclei are hardly generated.
- the nucleation step S11 and the particle growth step S12 will be described.
- the range of the pH value is different between the aqueous solution in the stirring tank in the nucleation step S11 and the aqueous solution in the stirring tank in the particle growth step S12
- the range of the ammonia concentration and the range of the temperature may be substantially the same. .
- the nucleation step S11 and the particle growth step S12 are performed simultaneously.
- the range of the pH value of the aqueous solution in the stirring tank is naturally the same, and may be set, for example, in the vicinity of 12.0.
- the raw material liquid contains at least a nickel salt, and preferably further contains a metal salt other than the nickel salt.
- a metal salt As the metal salt, nitrate, sulfate, hydrochloride and the like are used.
- composition ratio of metals in the raw material solution (for example, Ni: Co: Mn: M) is also maintained in the resulting nickel composite hydroxide, so that it is consistent with the composition ratio required for the nickel composite hydroxide Adjusted.
- an aqueous alkali solution, an aqueous ammonia solution, and water are supplied and mixed and stored in the stirring tank.
- the mixed aqueous solution is hereinafter referred to as "pre-reaction aqueous solution”.
- the pH value of the pre-reaction aqueous solution is adjusted in the range of 12.0-14.0, preferably 12.3- 13.5, based on the liquid temperature of 25 ° C.
- the concentration of ammonia in the aqueous solution before reaction is preferably adjusted in the range of 3 to 25 g / L, more preferably 5 to 20 g / L, and still more preferably 5 to 15 g / L.
- the temperature of the aqueous solution before reaction is preferably adjusted within the range of 20 to 60 ° C., more preferably 35 to 60 ° C.
- aqueous alkali solution for example, one containing an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide is used.
- the alkali metal hydroxide may be supplied as a solid, but is preferably supplied as an aqueous solution.
- ammonia aqueous solution one containing an ammonia supplier is used.
- ammonia supplier for example, ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate or ammonium fluoride can be used.
- an ammonia supplier is used as the non-reducing complexing agent, but ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, nitrite triacetic acid, uracildiacetic acid, glycine or the like may be used.
- the non-reducing complexing agent may be any one that can form a complex by binding such as nickel ion in an aqueous solution in a stirred tank.
- the raw material solution After adjusting the pH, ammonia concentration, temperature, etc. of the aqueous solution before reaction, the raw material solution is supplied into the stirring tank while stirring the aqueous solution before reaction. Thereby, in the stirring tank, a reaction aqueous solution in which the aqueous solution before reaction and the raw material liquid are mixed is formed, a nucleus is generated by the neutralization crystallization, and a nucleation step S11 is started.
- the nucleation step S11 if the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution is 12.0 or more, nucleation becomes dominant over particle growth. Moreover, in the nucleation step S11, if the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution is 14.0 or less, it is possible to prevent the nuclei from being too fine and to prevent the gelation of the reaction aqueous solution. In the nucleation step S11, the fluctuation range (the width between the maximum value and the minimum value) of the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution is preferably 0.4 or less.
- the solubility of metal ions can be kept constant, and nuclei having a uniform shape and particle size are easily generated.
- the ammonia concentration in the reaction aqueous solution is 25 g / L or less, metal ions remaining in the solution without precipitation are reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
- the fluctuation range (the width between the maximum value and the minimum value) of the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution is preferably 5 g / L or less.
- the temperature of the reaction aqueous solution is 20 ° C. or more, the solubility of the nickel-containing hydroxide is large, so that nucleation is gradually generated, and the control of nucleation is easy.
- the temperature of the reaction aqueous solution is 60 ° C. or less, volatilization of ammonia can be suppressed, so the amount of ammonia water used can be reduced, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- nucleation step S11 in addition to the raw material liquid, an alkaline aqueous solution and an aqueous ammonia solution are supplied into the stirring tank so that the pH value, the ammonia concentration and the temperature of the reaction aqueous solution are maintained within the above ranges. Thereby, the generation of nuclei is continued in the reaction aqueous solution. Then, when a predetermined amount of nuclei is generated, the nucleation step S11 is ended. Whether or not a predetermined amount of nuclei has been generated can be estimated by the amount of metal salt supplied.
- the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution in the stirring tank is 10.5-12.0, preferably 11.0-12, based on a liquid temperature of 25 ° C. .0 and adjusted to be lower than the pH value in the nucleation step S11.
- the adjustment of the pH value is performed by stopping the supply of the alkaline aqueous solution into the stirring tank, supplying the inorganic acid (for example, sulfuric acid in the case of sulfate) in which the metal of the metal salt is replaced with hydrogen into the stirring tank. It can be adjusted by
- the raw material solution After adjusting the pH, ammonia concentration, temperature and the like of the reaction aqueous solution, the raw material solution is supplied into the stirring tank while stirring the reaction aqueous solution. Thereby, the growth of nuclei (particle growth) starts by the neutralization crystallization, and the particle growth step S12 is started.
- the nucleation step S11 and the particle growth step S12 are performed in the same stirring tank, but may be performed in different stirring tanks.
- the particle growth step S12 if the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution is 12.0 or less and lower than the pH value in the nucleation step S11, almost no new nuclei are formed, and the particle growth is better than nucleation. Priority occurs.
- the priority is changed depending on the presence or absence of a nucleus present in the reaction aqueous solution, since this is the boundary condition between nucleation and particle growth. For example, after making the pH value of the nucleation step S11 higher than 12.0 and causing a large amount of nucleation, if the pH value is 12.0 in the particle growth step S12, a large amount of nuclei exist in the reaction aqueous solution , Priority is given to particle growth. On the other hand, in the state where no nucleus is present in the reaction aqueous solution, that is, when the pH value is set to 12.0 in the nucleation step S11, nucleation is prioritized because there is no growing nucleus.
- the generated nuclei grow.
- the particle growth step S12 if the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution is 10.5 or more, the solubility by ammonia is low, so metal ions remaining in the solution without precipitation are reduced, and the production efficiency is improved.
- an alkaline aqueous solution and an aqueous ammonia solution are supplied into the stirring tank so that the pH value, the ammonia concentration, and the temperature of the reaction aqueous solution are maintained within the above ranges. Thereby, particle growth is continued in the reaction aqueous solution.
- the particle growth step S12 can be divided into the first half and the second half by switching the atmosphere in the stirring tank.
- the atmosphere in the first half is an oxidizing atmosphere as in the nucleation step S11.
- the oxygen concentration in the oxidizing atmosphere is 1% by volume or more, preferably 2% by volume or more, and more preferably 10% by volume or more.
- the oxidizing atmosphere may be an atmospheric atmosphere (oxygen concentration: 21% by volume) which is easy to control.
- the upper limit of the oxygen concentration in the oxidizing atmosphere is not particularly limited, but is 30% by volume or less.
- the atmosphere in the second half is a non-oxidative atmosphere.
- the oxygen concentration in the non-oxidizing atmosphere is 1% by volume or less, preferably 0.5% by volume or less, and more preferably 0.3% by volume or less.
- the oxygen concentration in the non-oxidizing atmosphere is controlled by mixing oxygen gas or air with an inert gas.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an aggregate formed in the first half of the particle growth step according to one embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an outer shell formed in the latter half of the particle growth step according to one embodiment.
- the seed crystal particles 2 are formed by the growth of nuclei, and when the seed crystal particles 2 become large to some extent, the seed crystal particles 2 collide with one another. Aggregate 4 is formed. On the other hand, a dense outer shell 6 is formed around the aggregate 4 in the second half of the particle growth step S12. As a result, particles composed of the aggregate 4 and the shell 6 are obtained.
- the structure of the particles of the nickel-containing hydroxide is not limited to the structure shown in FIG.
- the structure of the particles obtained at the completion of the neutralization crystallization is a structure different from the structure shown in FIG.
- the structure thereof is, for example, a uniform structure in which one corresponding to the seed crystal particle 2 and one corresponding to the outer shell 6 are mixed, and the boundary is not easily understood.
- the particle growth step S12 is ended.
- the particle size can be estimated from the supply amount of metal salt in each of the nucleation step S11 and the particle growth step S12.
- the supply of the raw material solution and the like may be stopped and the stirring of the reaction aqueous solution may be stopped in the middle of the particle growth step S12 to precipitate the particles and discharge the supernatant liquid.
- the metal ion concentration in the reaction aqueous solution reduced by neutralization crystallization can be raised.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a first highly supersaturated region in a reaction aqueous solution in a nucleation step according to one embodiment.
- the arrow direction represents the flow direction in the vicinity of the discharge portion 22.
- the first highly supersaturated region 12A means a region in which the molar concentration of the nickel-containing hydroxide dissolved in the reaction aqueous solution is 5.0 mol / m 3 or more. In the first highly supersaturated region 12A, nucleation occurs at a significant rate because the molar concentration of the nickel-containing hydroxide is sufficiently higher than the solubility.
- the solubility means the limit amount (g / 100 g-H 2 O) of the nickel-containing hydroxide dissolved in 100 g of water.
- the solubility of nickel hydroxide (Ni (OH) 2 ) is, for example, 10 ⁇ 7 (g / 100 g—H 2 O). in this way, Since the solubility of the nickel-containing hydroxide is close to zero, it is negligible compared to the lower limit value 5.0 mol / m 3 of the molar concentration of the first high supersaturated region 12A.
- FIG. 8 is a SEM of an example of particles obtained in the case where the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region occupied in the reaction aqueous solution in the continuous stirring tank is 0.025%, that is, in the case of Example 1-1. It is a photograph. The outer surface of the particle shown in FIG. 8 was smooth, and almost no unevenness was observed.
- FIG. 9 shows an example of the particles obtained in the case where the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region occupied in the reaction aqueous solution in the continuous stirring tank is 0.100%, that is, Comparative Example 1-1. SEM photograph of Remarkable unevenness was observed on the outer surface of the particle shown in FIG.
- the volume of the first highly supersaturated region occupied in the reaction aqueous solution in the nucleation step S11 from the viewpoint of suppressing the occurrence of irregularities on the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of the neutralization crystallization is less than 0.100%. If the first volume ratio is less than 0.100%, the reason why generation of irregularities on the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of the neutralization crystallization can be suppressed is estimated as follows.
- nuclei are mainly generated in the first highly supersaturated region 12A and then dispersed throughout the aqueous reaction solution. If the first volume ratio is less than 0.100%, the number of nuclei generated per unit volume of the reaction aqueous solution is small. Therefore, in the first half of the particle growth step S12, the number of seed crystal particles 2 per unit volume of the reaction aqueous solution is also small, and the number of aggregates 4 composed of a plurality of seed crystal particles 2 is also small. As a result, in the second half of the particle growth step S12, the thickness of the outer shell 6 formed around the aggregate 4 is increased.
- the reason why the thickness of the outer shell 6 is thickened is that the material forming the outer shell 6 with respect to each aggregate 4 is in the case where the number of aggregates 4 that are the starting point of the growth of the outer shell 6 is large. This is because the supply ratio is different. When the number of the aggregates 4 is small, the supply ratio of the material forming the outer shell 6 to each aggregate 4 is higher than when the number of the aggregates 4 is large. Therefore, when the number of aggregates 4 is small, the outer shell 6 of each aggregate 4 can be thickened.
- the first volume ratio to less than 0.100% and suppressing the number of nuclei generated, the unevenness of the outer surface of the aggregate 4 can be covered with the thick outer shell 6, and the outer surface of the finally obtained particles is obtained. Unevenness can be reduced. This effect is also obtained when the nucleation step S11 and the particle growth step S12 are performed simultaneously.
- the first volume ratio depends on U, K, and the like of the flow field near the discharge unit 34.
- the larger the U or K the smaller the first volume ratio.
- the first volume ratio is preferably not more than 0.070%, more preferably not more than 0.050%, still more preferably not more than 0.030%.
- the first volume ratio is preferably 0.004% or more.
- the raw material liquid may be divided and discharged from the plurality of discharge units 22 into the reaction aqueous solution.
- the first volume ratio can be efficiently reduced.
- the intervals of the plurality of ejection units 22 be set so that the plurality of first highly supersaturated regions 12A ejected from the plurality of ejection units 22 do not overlap.
- FIG. 10 is a view showing a second highly supersaturated region in the reaction aqueous solution in the particle growth step according to one embodiment.
- the arrow direction represents the flow direction in the vicinity of the discharge portion 22.
- the second highly supersaturated region 12B means a region in which the molar concentration of the nickel-containing hydroxide dissolved in the reaction aqueous solution is 1.7 mol / m 3 or more. In the second high supersaturated region 12B, the molar concentration of the nickel-containing hydroxide is sufficiently higher than the solubility, so particle growth occurs at a significant speed.
- the solubility of the nickel-containing hydroxide is close to zero, it is negligible compared to the lower limit value of 1.7 mol / m 3 of the molar concentration of the second high supersaturated region 12B.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of the cross section of the particle obtained in the case where the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution in the continuous stirring tank is 0.379%, that is, in the case of Example 2-1.
- SEM photograph of An annual ring-like structure was not observed in the cross section of the particle shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 shows the case where the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region occupied in the reaction aqueous solution in the continuous stirring tank is 0.624%, that is, the cross section of the particles obtained in the case of Comparative Example 2-1.
- an annual ring-like structure was observed at the location indicated by the arrow.
- the volume ratio of the second highly supersaturated region 12B in the reaction aqueous solution (hereinafter referred to as the second volume ratio) is 0.624. Preferably it is less than%. If the second volume ratio is less than 0.624%, the reason why generation of annual ring-like structure can be suppressed is estimated as follows.
- the particles are dispersed throughout the reaction aqueous solution, and grow mainly when passing through the second highly supersaturated region 12B. If the volume ratio of the second highly supersaturated region 12B in the entire reaction aqueous solution is less than 0.624%, particle growth occurs gently, and the generation of an annual ring-shaped structure composed of a plurality of layers with different densities can be suppressed. It is presumed that, by causing the grain growth to be gradual, it is possible to suppress the change of the crystal growth orientation and the generation of the void accompanying the change.
- the second volume ratio depends on U, K, and the like of the flow field near the discharge unit 34. As U and K are larger, the second volume ratio is smaller.
- the second volume ratio is preferably 0.600% or less, more preferably 0.500% or less, and still more preferably 0.400% or less. However, since U and K are subject to restrictions such as the capacity of the motor for rotating the stirring shaft 40, the second volume ratio is preferably 0.019% or more.
- the raw material liquid may be divided and discharged from the plurality of discharge units 22 into the reaction aqueous solution. Thereby, the second volume ratio can be efficiently reduced. At this time, it is preferable that an interval between the plurality of discharge units 22 be set so that the plurality of second highly supersaturated regions 12B discharged from the plurality of discharge units 22 do not overlap.
- Example 1-1 In Example 1-1, using a continuous stirring tank of overflow type, a nucleation step of producing nuclei of particles of nickel composite hydroxide by neutralization crystallization, and a particle growth step of growing particles I went at the same time.
- the capacity of the stirring tank is 200 L
- the type of stirring blade is disk turbine blade
- the number of blades of the stirring blade is 6
- the diameter of the stirring blade is 250 mm
- the vertical distance between the stirring blade and the inner bottom of the stirring tank is The rotational speed of the stirring blade was set to 280 rpm.
- the volume of the reaction aqueous solution in the stirred tank was 200 L
- the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution was 11.3
- the ammonia concentration of the reaction aqueous solution was 12 g / L
- the temperature of the reaction aqueous solution was maintained at 50 ° C.
- the atmosphere around the reaction aqueous solution was an air atmosphere.
- the raw material liquid was prepared so as to obtain Ni 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 (OH) 2 as a nickel composite hydroxide.
- the number of raw material liquid supply pipes was one, and the supply amount from one raw material liquid supply pipe was 400 ml / min.
- an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia were supplied into the stirring tank to maintain the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution and the ammonia concentration of the reaction aqueous solution.
- the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.025% as calculated by simulation.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- FIG. 8 shows a SEM photograph of particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 1-1. As shown in FIG. 8, the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of the neutralization crystallization was smooth, and almost no unevenness was observed.
- Embodiment 1-2 particles of a nickel composite hydroxide were produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the number of revolutions of the stirring blade in Example 1-1 was changed to 150 rpm.
- the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.090% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 1-2 Also with respect to the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 1-2, the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of neutralization crystallization is smooth like the particles of Example 1-1 shown in FIG. Almost no unevenness was observed.
- Example 1-3 it is the same as Example 1-1 except that the raw material liquid is adjusted so that Ni 0.88 Co 0.09 Al 0.03 (OH) 2 can be obtained as the nickel composite hydroxide. Then, particles of nickel composite hydroxide were produced.
- the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.025% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 1-3 Also with respect to the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 1-3, the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of the neutralization crystallization is smooth like the particles of Example 1-1 shown in FIG. Almost no unevenness was observed.
- Embodiment 1-4 In Example 1-4, the volume of the stirring vessel is 60 L, the type of the stirring blade is a disk turbine blade, the number of the blades of the stirring blade is six, the blade diameter of the stirring blade is 168 mm, the stirring blade and the inner bottom surface of the stirring vessel The vertical distance between them was 100 mm, and the number of revolutions of the stirring blade was 425 rpm.
- the liquid volume of the reaction aqueous solution in the stirring tank was 60 liters.
- the raw material liquid was prepared so as to obtain Ni 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 (OH) 2 as a nickel composite hydroxide.
- the number of raw material liquid supply pipes was one, and the supply amount from one raw material liquid supply pipe was 120 ml / min. Except for this, particles of nickel composite hydroxide were produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.015% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of the neutralization crystallization is smooth like the particles of Example 1-1 shown in FIG. Almost no unevenness was observed.
- Example 1-5 In Example 1-5, the volume of the stirring tank is 60 L, the type of stirring blade is 45 ° pitched paddle blade, the number of the stirring blade is four, the blade diameter of the stirring blade is 168 mm, and the inner surface of the stirring blade and the stirring tank The vertical distance between them was 100 mm, and the number of revolutions of the stirring blade was 500 rpm. Moreover, the liquid volume of the reaction aqueous solution in a stirring tank was 60 L.
- the raw material liquid was prepared so as to obtain Ni 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 (OH) 2 as a nickel composite hydroxide.
- the number of raw material liquid supply pipes was one, and the supply amount from one raw material liquid supply pipe was 120 ml / min. Except for this, particles of nickel composite hydroxide were produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.027% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 1-5 Also with respect to the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 1-5, the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of the neutralization crystallization is smooth like the particles of Example 1-1 shown in FIG. Almost no unevenness was observed.
- Example 1-6 is the same as Example 1-1 except that the raw material solution is adjusted so as to obtain Ni 0.34 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 (OH) 2 as the nickel composite hydroxide. Similarly, particles of nickel composite hydroxide were produced.
- the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.025% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 1-6 Also with respect to the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 1-6, the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of the neutralization crystallization is smooth like the particles of Example 1-1 shown in FIG. Almost no unevenness was observed.
- Example 1-7 In Example 1-7, the procedure of Example 1-1 is repeated except that the raw material solution is adjusted to obtain Ni 0.60 Co 0.20 Mn 0.20 (OH) 2 as the nickel composite hydroxide. Similarly, particles of nickel composite hydroxide were produced.
- the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.025% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 1-7 Also with respect to the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 1-7, the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of the neutralization crystallization is smooth like the particles of Example 1-1 shown in FIG. Almost no unevenness was observed.
- Example 1-8 In Example 1-8, the volume of the stirring tank is 60 L, the type of stirring blade is a disk turbine blade, the number of stirring blade blades is six, the blade diameter of the stirring blade is 168 mm, the stirring blade and the inner bottom surface of the stirring tank The vertical distance between them was 100 mm, and the number of revolutions of the stirring blade was 425 rpm.
- the liquid volume of the reaction aqueous solution in the stirring tank was 60 liters.
- the raw material liquid was prepared so as to obtain Ni 0.34 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 (OH) 2 as a nickel composite hydroxide.
- the number of raw material liquid supply pipes was one, and the supply amount from one raw material liquid supply pipe was 120 ml / min. Except for this, in the same manner as in Example 1-1, particles of a nickel composite hydroxide were produced.
- the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.015% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 1-8 the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of the neutralization crystallization is smooth like the particles of Example 1-1 shown in FIG. Almost no unevenness was observed.
- Example 1-9 In Example 1-9, the volume of the stirring tank is 60 L, the type of stirring blade is 45 ° pitched paddle blade, the number of the stirring blade is four, the blade diameter of the stirring blade is 168 mm, the stirring blade and the inner bottom surface of the stirring tank The vertical distance between them was 100 mm, and the number of revolutions of the stirring blade was 500 rpm. Moreover, the liquid volume of the reaction aqueous solution in a stirring tank was 60 L.
- the raw material liquid was prepared so as to obtain Ni 0.34 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 (OH) 2 as a nickel composite hydroxide.
- the number of raw material liquid supply pipes was one, and the supply amount from one raw material liquid supply pipe was 120 ml / min. Except for this, in the same manner as in Example 1-1, particles of a nickel composite hydroxide were produced.
- the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.027% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 1-9 Also with respect to the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 1-9, the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of neutralization crystallization is smooth like the particles of Example 1-1 shown in FIG. Almost no unevenness was observed.
- Comparative Example 1-1 particles of a nickel composite hydroxide were produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the supply amount from one raw material liquid supply pipe was 800 ml / min.
- the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.100% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- FIG. 9 shows an SEM photograph of the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Comparative Example 1-1. As shown by arrows in FIG. 9, remarkable unevenness was observed on the outer surface of the particles obtained at the completion of the neutralization crystallization.
- Comparative Example 1-2 In Comparative Example 1-2, the raw material liquid is adjusted so that Ni 0.34 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 (OH) 2 is obtained as the nickel composite hydroxide, and one raw material liquid supply pipe is used. Nickel composite hydroxide particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 1-1 except that the supply amount was 800 ml / min.
- the volume ratio of the first high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.100% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 1-1.
- Example 2-1 In Example 2-1, a nucleation step of forming nuclei of particles of nickel composite hydroxide by neutralization crystallization and a particle growth step of growing particles are performed using a continuous stirring tank of overflow type. I went at the same time.
- the capacity of the stirring tank is 200 L
- the type of stirring blade is disk turbine blade
- the number of blades of the stirring blade is 6
- the diameter of the stirring blade is 250 mm
- the vertical distance between the stirring blade and the inner bottom of the stirring tank is The rotational speed of the stirring blade was set to 280 rpm.
- the volume of the reaction aqueous solution in the stirred tank was 200 L
- the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution was 11.8,
- the ammonia concentration of the reaction aqueous solution was 12 g / L
- the temperature of the reaction aqueous solution was maintained at 50 ° C.
- the atmosphere around the reaction aqueous solution was a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the raw material liquid was prepared so as to obtain Ni 0.82 Co 0.15 Al 0.03 (OH) 2 as a nickel composite hydroxide, and the total of the respective metal ion concentrations was 2.0 mol / L.
- the number of raw material liquid supply pipes was two, the feed rate from each raw material liquid feed pipe was 400 ml / min, and the total feed rate from two raw material liquid feed pipes was 800 ml / min.
- an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia were supplied into the stirring tank to maintain the pH value of the reaction aqueous solution and the ammonia concentration of the reaction aqueous solution.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.379% as calculated by simulation.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- FIG. 11 shows an SEM photograph of a cross section of particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 2-1. As shown in FIG. 11, no ring-like structure was observed in the cross section of the particles.
- the tap density of the obtained nickel composite hydroxide was 1.40 g / cc.
- Embodiment 2-2 In Example 2-2, the number of the raw material liquid supply pipes is one, and in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except that the supply amount from one raw material liquid supply pipe is 400 ml / min, the nickel composite hydroxide is Produced particles of
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.190% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- Example 2-3 In Example 2-3, the volume of the stirring tank is 60 L, the blade diameter of the stirring blade is 160 mm, the vertical distance between the stirring blade and the inner bottom surface of the stirring tank is 60 mm, the number of rotations of the stirring blade is 375 rpm, and the raw material liquid Particles of a nickel composite hydroxide were produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except that the number of supply pipes was one, and the supply amount from one raw material liquid supply pipe was 97 ml / min.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.100% as calculated by simulation.
- Example 2-4 particles of a nickel composite hydroxide were produced in the same manner as in Example 2-3 except that the number of revolutions of the stirring blade was changed to 325 rpm.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.134% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- Example 2-5 the raw material liquid is prepared in the same manner as Example 2-1 except that Ni 0.88 Co 0.09 Al 0.03 (OH) 2 is obtained as a nickel composite hydroxide. The particles of nickel composite hydroxide were produced.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.379% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- Embodiment 2-6 In Example 2-6, particles of a nickel composite hydroxide were produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except that the number of revolutions of the stirring blade was changed to 220 rpm.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.600% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 2-7 In Example 2-7, the volume of the stirring tank is 60 L, the type of stirring blade is 45 ° pitched paddle blade, the number of the stirring blade is four, the blade diameter of the stirring blade is 168 mm, the stirring blade and the inner bottom of the stirring tank The vertical distance between them was 100 mm, and the number of revolutions of the stirring blade was 400 rpm. Moreover, the liquid volume of the reaction aqueous solution in a stirring tank was 60 L. Nickel composite hydroxide particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 2-3 except for the above.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.205% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 2-8 is the same as Example 2-1 except that the raw material solution was adjusted so that Ni 0.34 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 (OH) 2 was obtained as the nickel composite hydroxide. Particles of nickel composite hydroxide were produced.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.379% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 2-8 Also in the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 2-8, no annual ring-like structure was observed in the cross section of the particles, similarly to the particles of Example 2-1 shown in FIG.
- the tap density of the obtained nickel composite hydroxide was 1.40 g / cc.
- Example 2-9 is the same as Example 2-1 except that the raw material solution was adjusted to obtain Ni 0.60 Co 0.20 Mn 0.20 (OH) 2 as a nickel composite hydroxide. Particles of nickel composite hydroxide were produced.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.379% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 2-9 Also in the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 2-9, no annual ring-like structure was observed in the cross section of the particles, similarly to the particles of Example 2-1 shown in FIG.
- the tap density of the obtained nickel composite hydroxide was 1.40 g / cc.
- Example 2-10 In Example 2-10, the volume of the stirring tank is 60 L, the type of stirring blade is a disk turbine blade, the number of stirring blade blades is six, the blade diameter of the stirring blade is 168 mm, the stirring blade and the inner bottom surface of the stirring tank The vertical distance between them was 60 mm, and the number of revolutions of the stirring blade was 375 rpm.
- the liquid volume of the reaction aqueous solution in the stirring tank was 60 liters.
- the raw material liquid was prepared so as to obtain Ni 0.34 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 (OH) 2 as a nickel composite hydroxide.
- the number of raw material liquid supply pipes was one, and the supply amount from one raw material liquid supply pipe was 97 ml / min.
- Nickel composite hydroxide particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except for the above.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.100% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 2-10 As for the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 2-10, as in the particles of Example 2-1 shown in FIG. No structure was observed.
- Example 2-11 In Example 2-11, the volume of the stirring tank is 60 L, the type of stirring blade is 45 ° pitched paddle blade, the number of the stirring blade is four, the blade diameter of the stirring blade is 168 mm, and the inner surface of the stirring blade and the stirring tank The vertical distance between them was 100 mm, and the number of revolutions of the stirring blade was 400 rpm. Moreover, the liquid volume of the reaction aqueous solution in a stirring tank was 60 L.
- the raw material liquid was prepared so as to obtain Ni 0.34 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 (OH) 2 as a nickel composite hydroxide.
- the number of raw material liquid supply pipes was one, and the supply amount from one raw material liquid supply pipe was 97 ml / min.
- Nickel composite hydroxide particles were produced in the same manner as in Example 2-3 except for the above.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.205% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- the analysis conditions were set in the same manner as the above-described analysis conditions.
- Example 2-11 As for the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Example 2-11, as in the particles of Example 2-1 shown in FIG. No structure was observed.
- Comparative Example 2-1 In Comparative Example 2-1, the number of the raw material liquid supply pipes is one, and the nickel composite hydroxide is similar to Example 2-1 except that the supply amount from one raw material liquid supply pipe is 800 ml / min. The particles of the product were produced.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.624% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
- FIG. 12 shows an SEM photograph of the cross section of the particles of the nickel composite hydroxide obtained in Comparative Example 2-1. As shown by arrows in FIG. 12, an annual ring-like structure was observed in the cross section of the particles.
- the tap density of the obtained nickel composite hydroxide was 1.24 g / cc.
- Comparative Example 2-2 In Comparative Example 2-2, the raw material liquid is adjusted so that Ni 0.34 Co 0.33 Mn 0.33 (OH) 2 can be obtained as the nickel composite hydroxide, and one raw material liquid supply pipe is used. Particles of a nickel composite hydroxide were produced in the same manner as in Example 2-1 except that the supply amount was 800 ml / min.
- the volume ratio of the second high supersaturation region in the reaction aqueous solution was 0.624% as calculated by simulation in the same manner as in Example 2-1.
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Abstract
Description
溶液の中に原料液を供給しながら、前記溶液の中で粒子を析出させる、化学反応装置であって、
前記溶液を収容する撹拌槽と、前記溶液を撹拌する撹拌翼とを有し、
前記溶液の中に前記原料液を吐出する吐出部を複数有する、化学反応装置が提供される。
・流体解析を行う領域(以下、「解析領域」とも呼ぶ。)のうち、撹拌軸や撹拌翼の周りは、撹拌軸や撹拌翼と共に回転する回転座標系で扱う。回転座標系で扱う領域は、円柱状であって、その中心線を撹拌軸や撹拌翼の中心線に重ね、その直径を撹拌翼の翼径の115%に設定し、上下方向の範囲を撹拌槽の内底面から液面までとする。
・解析領域のうち、その他の領域は、静止座標系で扱う。
・回転座標系と静止座標系とは、流体解析ソフトのインターフェース機能を使用して接続する。インターフェース機能としては、オプションの「Frozen Rotor」を用いる。
・撹拌槽内の流れは、層流ではなく、乱流である。その乱流モデルとしては、SST(Shear Stress Transport)モデルを用いる。
・撹拌槽内で生じる化学反応の式を下記に示す。
NiSO4+2NaOH→Ni(OH)2+Na2SO4
・流体解析では、以下の5成分が含まれる単相多成分の流体を扱う。
1)反応成分A:NiSO4
2)反応成分B:NaOH
3)生成成分C:Ni(OH)2
4)生成成分D:Na2SO4
5)水
・化学反応の速度の大きさは、渦消散モデルにより計算する。渦消散モデルは、乱流分散によって反応成分Aと反応成分Bとが分子レベルまで混合すると、上記化学反応が生じると仮定した反応モデルである。渦消散モデルの設定は、流体解析ソフトのデフォルトの設定のままとする。
・解析領域内の任意の位置および任意の時点で、上記5成分の合計の質量分率は1である。そこで、上記5成分のうち水を除く4成分のそれぞれの質量分率は、CFXによって輸送方程式を解いて求める値とし、水の質量分率は、1から、上記4成分の合計の質量分率を引いて得られる値とする。
・壁境界(流体の出入りのない境界)
撹拌槽や撹拌軸、撹拌翼、バッフルなどの固体との境界では、滑り無しとする。一方、外気との境界(液面)では、滑り有りとする。尚、液面は、撹拌によって変形しないものとし、高さが一定の平面とする。
撹拌槽内の流体中に、反応成分Aを含む水溶液(以下、「水溶液A」と呼ぶ。)が流入する流入境界と、反応成分Bを含む水溶液(以下、「水溶液B」と呼ぶ。)が流入する流入境界とを別々に設ける。
撹拌槽の内周面の一部に、撹拌槽内の流体が出ていく流出境界を設ける。流出する液体は、生成成分CおよびD、未反応の反応成分AおよびB、並びに水を含むものである。その流出量は、解析領域と系外との圧力差がゼロになるように設定する。
・撹拌槽内の流体の温度は、25℃一定とする。化学反応による熱の生成、流入境界や流出境界での熱の出入りは、無いものと仮定する。
・撹拌槽内の流体は、初期状態において、均質なものとし、上記5成分のうち反応成分Bと水の2成分のみを含むものとする。具体的には、撹拌槽内の流体のうち、反応成分Aの初期質量分率や生成成分Cの初期質量分率、生成成分Dの初期質量分率はゼロ、反応成分Bの初期質量分率は撹拌槽内の水溶液のpHが上記所定値になるように設定する。
・定常解を求めるための反復計算は、解析領域内の任意の位置で、流れの流速成分(m/s)や圧力(Pa)、上記4成分のそれぞれの質量分率の、それぞれの二乗平均平方根の残差が10-4以下となるまで行う。
・高過飽和領域とは、撹拌槽内の水溶液中に溶けている生成成分Cの濃度が所定値以上の領域である。上記所定値は、詳しくは後述するが、核生成工程では5.0mol/m3、粒子成長工程では1.7mol/m3とする。以下、核生成工程で設定する高過飽和領域を「第1高過飽和領域」、粒子成長工程で設定する高過飽和領域を「第2高過飽和領域」とも呼ぶ。第1高過飽和領域の濃度の下限値が第2高過飽和領域の濃度の下限値よりも高い理由は、核生成が生じる下限濃度は粒子成長が生じる下限濃度よりも高いためである。高過飽和領域は、水溶液Aの流入境界の周囲に形成される。
・ところで、流体解析では、上述の如く、上記5成分を単相多成分の流体として扱うため、生成成分Cの全てを液体として扱う。一方、実際には、生成成分Cの大部分は析出して固体となり、生成成分Cの残りの一部のみが液体として水溶液中に溶けている。
・そこで、高過飽和領域の体積は、上記流体解析により得た生成成分Cの濃度分布を補正することで算出する。その補正では、水溶液Aの流入境界から十分に離れた流出境界において生成成分Cの濃度が溶解度相当になるように、撹拌槽内の流体の全体において一律に生成成分Cの濃度を所定値下げる。
・尚、撹拌槽が連続式ではなくバッチ式の場合、流出境界が存在しない。この場合、濃度分布の補正では、撹拌槽内の水溶液の液面において生成成分Cの濃度が溶解度相当になるように、撹拌槽内の流体の全体において一律に生成成分Cの濃度を所定値下げればよい。ちなみに、オーバーフロー型の連続式の場合、液面が流出境界である。
1)反応成分A1:NiSO4
2)反応成分A2:MnSO4
3)反応成分B:NaOH
4)生成成分C1:Ni(OH)2
5)生成成分C2:Mn(OH)2
6)生成成分D:Na2SO4
7)水
ここでは、撹拌槽内で「A1+2B→C1+D」および「A2+2B→C2+D」の2つの化学反応が生じるとし、それぞれの化学反応に対応する渦消散モデルが反応モデルとして用いられる。反応成分A1と反応成分A2とは、均一に水に溶けた状態で、同一の流入境界から供給される。つまり、反応成分A1と反応成分A2の両方を含む水溶液Aが流入境界から供給される。水溶液Aの流入境界の周囲に、高過飽和領域が形成される。高過飽和領域とは、撹拌槽内の水溶液中に溶けている生成成分のうち全ての金属水酸化物(ここでは生成成分C1と生成成分C2)の合計のモル濃度が上記所定値以上の領域のことである。
1)反応成分A1:NiSO4
2)反応成分A2:CoSO4
3)反応成分A3:Al2(SO4)3
4)反応成分B:NaOH
5)生成成分C1:Ni(OH)2
6)生成成分C2:Co(OH)2
7)生成成分C3:Al(OH)3
8)生成成分D:Na2SO4
9)水
ここでは、撹拌槽内で「A1+2B→C1+D」、「A2+2B→C2+D」、および「1/2A3+3B→C3+3/2D」の3つの化学反応が生じるとし、それぞれの化学反応に対応する渦消散モデルが反応モデルとして用いられる。反応成分A1、反応成分A2および反応成分A3は、均一に水に溶けた状態で、同一の流入境界から供給される。つまり、反応成分A1、反応成分A2および反応成分A3を含む水溶液Aが流入境界から供給される。水溶液Aの流入境界の周囲に、高過飽和領域が形成される。高過飽和領域とは、撹拌槽内の水溶液中に溶けている生成成分のうち全ての金属水酸化物(ここでは、生成成分C1、生成成分C2および生成成分C3)の合計のモル濃度が上記所定値以上の領域のことである。
1)反応成分A1:NiSO4
2)反応成分A2:MnSO4
3)反応成分A3:CoSO4
4)反応成分B:NaOH
5)生成成分C1:Ni(OH)2
6)生成成分C2:Mn(OH)2
7)生成成分C3:Co(OH)2
8)生成成分D:Na2SO4
9)水
ここでは、撹拌槽内で「A1+2B→C1+D」、「A2+2B→C2+D」、および「1/2A3+3B→C3+3/2D」の3つの化学反応が生じるとし、それぞれの化学反応に対応する渦消散モデルが反応モデルとして用いられる。反応成分A1、反応成分A2および反応成分A3は、均一に水に溶けた状態で、同一の流入境界から供給される。つまり、反応成分A1、反応成分A2および反応成分A3を含む水溶液Aが流入境界から供給される。水溶液Aの流入境界の周囲に、高過飽和領域が形成される。高過飽和領域とは、撹拌槽内の水溶液中に溶けている生成成分のうち全ての金属水酸化物(ここでは、生成成分C1と生成成分C2と生成成分C3)の合計のモル濃度が上記所定値以上の領域のことである。
表1から明らかなように、原料液の吐出口の数Nが多いほど、高過飽和領域の体積V1、V2が小さくなる傾向が見られた。この傾向は、撹拌条件を変更しても同様に見られた。また、この傾向は、撹拌槽内への原料液の供給流量を変更しても同様に見られた。本発明者は、原料液を分けて複数の吐出口から撹拌槽内に供給することで、高過飽和領域の体積V1、V2を小さくできることを見出した。
表2から明らかなように、吐出口付近のUKが大きいほど、高過飽和領域の体積V1´、V2´が小さくなる傾向が見られた。この傾向は、撹拌条件を変更しても同様に見られた。また、この傾向は、撹拌槽内への原料液の供給流量を変更しても同様に見られた。
ニッケル含有水酸化物は、リチウムイオン二次電池の正極活物質の前駆体として用いられるものである。ニッケル含有水酸化物は、例えば、(1)ニッケル(Ni)とコバルト(Co)とアルミニウム(Al)とを、物質量比(mol比)がNi:Co:Al=1-x-y:x:y(ただし、0≦x≦0.3、0.005≦y≦0.15)となるように含むニッケル複合水酸化物であるか、または(2)ニッケル(Ni)とコバルト(Co)とマンガン(Mn)とM(Mは、Ti、V、Cr、Zr、Nb、Mo、Hf、Ta、およびWから選択される1種以上の添加元素)とを、物質量比(mol比)がNi:Co:Mn:M=x:y:z:t(ただし、x+y+z+t=1、0.1≦x≦0.7、0.1≦y≦0.5、0.1≦z≦0.8、0≦t≦0.02)となるように含むニッケルコバルトマンガン複合水酸化物である。
ニッケル含有水酸化物の製造方法は、上述の如く、核生成工程S11と、粒子成長工程S12とを有する。本実施形態では、バッチ式の撹拌槽を用いて、撹拌槽内の水溶液のpH値などを制御することで、核生成工程S11と、粒子成長工程S12とを分けて実施する。
先ず、原料液を調製しておく。原料液は、少なくともニッケル塩を含み、好ましくはニッケル塩以外の金属塩をさらに含有する。金属塩としては、硝酸塩、硫酸塩、塩酸塩などが用いられる。より具体的には、例えば、硫酸ニッケル、硫酸マンガン、硫酸コバルト、硫酸アルミニウム、硫酸チタン、ペルオキソチタン酸アンモニウム、シュウ酸チタンカリウム、硫酸バナジウム、バナジン酸アンモニウム、硫酸クロム、クロム酸カリウム、硫酸ジルコニウム、硝酸ジルコニウム、シュウ酸ニオブ、モリブデン酸アンモニウム、硫酸ハフニウム、タンタル酸ナトリウム、タングステン酸ナトリウム、タングステン酸アンモニウムなどが用いられる。
核生成工程S11の終了後、粒子成長工程S12の開始前に、撹拌槽内の反応水溶液のpH値を、液温25℃基準で、10.5~12.0、好ましくは11.0~12.0、かつ、核生成工程S11におけるpH値よりも低く調整する。このpH値の調整は、撹拌槽内へのアルカリ水溶液の供給を停止すること、金属塩の金属を水素と置換した無機酸(例えば、硫酸塩の場合、硫酸)を撹拌槽内へ供給することなどで調整できる。
ニッケル含有水酸化物の溶解度は、ゼロに近いので、第1高過飽和領域12Aのモル濃度の下限値5.0mol/m3に比べ無視できるほど小さい。
実施例1-1では、オーバーフロー型の連続式の撹拌槽を用い、中和晶析によって、ニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子の核を生成させる核生成工程と、粒子を成長させる粒子成長工程とを同時に行った。
実施例1-2では、実施例1-1における撹拌翼の回転数を150rpmに変更したこと以外、実施例1-1と同様にして、ニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例1-3では、ニッケル複合水酸化物として、Ni0.88Co0.09Al0.03(OH)2が得られるように原料液を調整したこと以外は実施例1-1と同様にして、ニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例1-4では、撹拌槽の容積は60L、撹拌翼のタイプはディスクタービン翼、撹拌翼の羽根の枚数は6枚、撹拌翼の翼径は168mm、撹拌翼と撹拌槽の内底面との間の上下方向距離は100mm、撹拌翼の回転数は425rpmとした。撹拌槽内の反応水溶液の液量は60Lとした。原料液は、ニッケル複合水酸化物としてNi0.82Co0.15Al0.03(OH)2が得られるように調製した。原料液供給管の本数は1本、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量は120ml/分であった。それ以外は、実施例1-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例1-5では、撹拌槽の容積は60L、撹拌翼のタイプは45°ピッチドパドル翼、撹拌翼の羽根の枚数は4枚、撹拌翼の翼径は168mm、撹拌翼と撹拌槽の内底面との間の上下方向距離は100mm、撹拌翼の回転数は500rpmとした。また、撹拌槽内の反応水溶液の液量は60Lとした。原料液は、ニッケル複合水酸化物としてNi0.82Co0.15Al0.03(OH)2が得られるように調製した。原料液供給管の本数は1本、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量は120ml/分であった。それ以外は、実施例1-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例1-6では、ニッケル複合水酸化物として、Ni0.34Co0.33Mn0.33(OH)2が得られるように原料液を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、ニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例1-7では、ニッケル複合水酸化物として、Ni0.60Co0.20Mn0.20(OH)2が得られるように原料液を調整したこと以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、ニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例1-8では、撹拌槽の容積は60L、撹拌翼のタイプはディスクタービン翼、撹拌翼の羽根の枚数は6枚、撹拌翼の翼径は168mm、撹拌翼と撹拌槽の内底面との間の上下方向距離は100mm、撹拌翼の回転数は425rpmとした。撹拌槽内の反応水溶液の液量は60Lとした。原料液は、ニッケル複合水酸化物としてNi0.34Co0.33Mn0.33(OH)2が得られるように調製した。原料液供給管の本数は1本、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量は120ml/分であった。それ以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、ニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例1-9では、撹拌槽の容積は60L、撹拌翼のタイプは45°ピッチドパドル翼、撹拌翼の羽根の枚数は4枚、撹拌翼の翼径は168mm、撹拌翼と撹拌槽の内底面との間の上下方向距離は100mm、撹拌翼の回転数は500rpmとした。また、撹拌槽内の反応水溶液の液量は60Lとした。原料液は、ニッケル複合水酸化物としてNi0.34Co0.33Mn0.33(OH)2が得られるように調製した。原料液供給管の本数は1本、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量は120ml/分であった。それ以外は、実施例1-1と同様にして、ニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
比較例1-1では、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量を800ml/分としたこと以外、実施例1-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
比較例1-2では、ニッケル複合水酸化物としてNi0.34Co0.33Mn0.33(OH)2が得られるように原料液を調整して、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量を800ml/分としたこと以外、実施例1-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例1-1~1-9と、比較例1-1および1-2とから、反応水溶液に占める第1高過飽和領域の体積割合が0.100%未満であれば、撹拌翼のタイプや翼径、撹拌槽の容積が変わっても、粒子外表面の凸凹を低減できることがわかる。
実施例2-1では、オーバーフロー型の連続式の撹拌槽を用い、中和晶析によって、ニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子の核を生成させる核生成工程と、粒子を成長させる粒子成長工程とを同時に行った。
実施例2-2では、原料液供給管の本数を1本、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量を400ml/分としたこと以外、実施例2-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例2-3では、撹拌槽の容積を60L、撹拌翼の翼径を160mm、撹拌翼と撹拌槽の内底面との間の上下方向距離を60mm、撹拌翼の回転数を375rpm、原料液供給管の本数を1本、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量を97ml/分としたこと以外、実施例2-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例2-4では、撹拌翼の回転数を325rpmとしたこと以外、実施例2-3と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例2-5では、原料液を、ニッケル複合水酸化物としてNi0.88Co0.09Al0.03(OH)2が得られるように調製したこと以外、実施例2-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例2-6では、撹拌翼の回転数を220rpmとしたこと以外、実施例2-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例2-7では、撹拌槽の容積は60L、撹拌翼のタイプは45°ピッチドパドル翼、撹拌翼の羽根の枚数は4枚、撹拌翼の翼径は168mm、撹拌翼と撹拌槽の内底面との間の上下方向距離は100mm、撹拌翼の回転数は400rpmとした。また、撹拌槽内の反応水溶液の液量は60Lとした。それ以外は実施例2-3と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例2-8では、ニッケル複合水酸化物としてNi0.34Co0.33Mn0.33(OH)2が得られるように原料液を調整したこと以外、実施例2-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例2-9では、ニッケル複合水酸化物としてNi0.60Co0.20Mn0.20(OH)2が得られるように原料液を調整したこと以外、実施例2-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例2-10では、撹拌槽の容積は60L、撹拌翼のタイプはディスクタービン翼、撹拌翼の羽根の枚数は6枚、撹拌翼の翼径は168mm、撹拌翼と撹拌槽の内底面との間の上下方向距離は60mm、撹拌翼の回転数は375rpmとした。撹拌槽内の反応水溶液の液量は60Lとした。原料液は、ニッケル複合水酸化物としてNi0.34Co0.33Mn0.33(OH)2が得られるように調製した。原料液供給管の本数は1本、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量は97ml/分であった。それ以外は実施例2-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例2-11では、撹拌槽の容積は60L、撹拌翼のタイプは45°ピッチドパドル翼、撹拌翼の羽根の枚数は4枚、撹拌翼の翼径は168mm、撹拌翼と撹拌槽の内底面との間の上下方向距離は100mm、撹拌翼の回転数は400rpmとした。また、撹拌槽内の反応水溶液の液量は60Lとした。原料液は、ニッケル複合水酸化物としてNi0.34Co0.33Mn0.33(OH)2が得られるように調製した。原料液供給管の本数は1本、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量は97ml/分であった。それ以外は実施例2-3と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
比較例2-1では、原料液供給管の本数を1本とし、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量を800ml/分としたこと以外、実施例2-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
比較例2-2では、ニッケル複合水酸化物としてNi0.34Co0.33Mn0.33(OH)2が得られるように原料液を調整して、1本の原料液供給管からの供給量を800ml/分としたこと以外、実施例2-1と同様にニッケル複合水酸化物の粒子を製造した。
実施例2-1~2-11と、比較例2-1および2-2とから、反応水溶液に占める第2高過飽和領域の体積割合が0.624%未満であれば、撹拌翼のタイプや翼径、撹拌槽の容積が変わっても、粒子の断面に年輪状の構造の発生を抑制できることがわかる。粒子成長が緩やかに生じたためと推定される。
4 凝集体
6 外殻
10 化学反応装置
12 高過飽和領域
20 撹拌槽
21 底部
22 吐出部
30 撹拌翼
40 撹拌軸
50 バッフル
60 原料液供給管
61 吐出部
Claims (7)
- 溶液の中に原料液を供給しながら、前記溶液の中で粒子を析出させる、化学反応装置であって、
前記溶液を収容する撹拌槽と、前記溶液を撹拌する撹拌翼とを有し、
前記溶液の中に前記原料液を吐出する吐出部を複数有する、化学反応装置。 - 複数の前記吐出部は、前記撹拌槽の底部に間隔をおいて設けられ、上に向けて前記原料液を吐出する、請求項1に記載の化学反応装置。
- 上方視で、複数の前記吐出部は、前記撹拌翼よりも径方向外側に配設されている、請求項2に記載の化学反応装置。
- 前記撹拌槽の内周面から突出するバッフルを有し、
上方視で、複数の前記吐出部は、前記バッフルよりも径方向内側に配設されている、請求項2または3に記載の化学反応装置。 - 前記溶液は水溶液であって、前記原料液はニッケル塩を含み、前記粒子はニッケル含有水酸化物であって、
前記吐出部の付近には、前記水溶液に占める前記水溶液に溶けている前記ニッケル含有水酸化物のモル濃度が5.0mol/m3以上である第1高過飽和領域が形成され、
複数の前記吐出部の付近に形成される複数の前記第1高過飽和領域が重ならないように、複数の前記吐出部の間隔が設定されている、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の化学反応装置。 - 前記溶液は水溶液であって、前記原料液はニッケル塩を含み、前記粒子はニッケル含有水酸化物であって、
前記吐出部の付近には、前記水溶液に占める前記水溶液に溶けている前記ニッケル含有水酸化物のモル濃度が1.7mol/m3以上である第2高過飽和領域が形成され、
複数の前記吐出部の付近に形成される複数の前記第2高過飽和領域が重ならないように、複数の前記吐出部の間隔が設定されている、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の化学反応装置。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の化学反応装置を用いて、前記溶液の中に前記原料液を供給しながら、前記溶液の中で粒子を析出させる、粒子の製造方法。
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JP2020037496A (ja) * | 2018-09-03 | 2020-03-12 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | ニッケル含有水酸化物の製造方法 |
JP7031535B2 (ja) | 2018-09-03 | 2022-03-08 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | ニッケル含有水酸化物の製造方法 |
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JP6911853B2 (ja) | 2021-07-28 |
EP3470136B1 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
EP3470136C0 (en) | 2024-03-13 |
EP3470136A1 (en) | 2019-04-17 |
JPWO2017217371A1 (ja) | 2019-05-16 |
KR102376250B1 (ko) | 2022-03-21 |
EP3470136A4 (en) | 2019-06-26 |
US20190217260A1 (en) | 2019-07-18 |
US11305243B2 (en) | 2022-04-19 |
KR20190017787A (ko) | 2019-02-20 |
CN109310977A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
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