WO2017195526A1 - 静電潜像現像用トナー - Google Patents
静電潜像現像用トナー Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017195526A1 WO2017195526A1 PCT/JP2017/015240 JP2017015240W WO2017195526A1 WO 2017195526 A1 WO2017195526 A1 WO 2017195526A1 JP 2017015240 W JP2017015240 W JP 2017015240W WO 2017195526 A1 WO2017195526 A1 WO 2017195526A1
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- toner
- temperature
- elastic modulus
- storage elastic
- electrostatic latent
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08788—Block polymers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0819—Developers with toner particles characterised by the dimensions of the particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/0821—Developers with toner particles characterised by physical parameters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08702—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08726—Polymers of unsaturated acids or derivatives thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08755—Polyesters
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08766—Polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08742—Binders for toner particles comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- G03G9/08768—Other polymers having nitrogen in the main chain, with or without oxygen or carbon only
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08786—Graft polymers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/087—Binders for toner particles
- G03G9/08784—Macromolecular material not specially provided for in a single one of groups G03G9/08702 - G03G9/08775
- G03G9/08793—Crosslinked polymers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrostatic latent image developing toner.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an electrophotographic toner containing a crystalline polyester resin, an amorphous polyester resin, and an amide compound having a molecular weight of 1000 or less and having 3 or more amide bonds.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object thereof is to improve the low-temperature fixability of the toner while suppressing the hot offset of the toner regardless of the presence or absence of the crystalline polyester resin.
- the electrostatic latent image developing toner according to the present invention includes a plurality of toner particles containing a binder resin.
- the binder resin has an amide bond and an ester bond.
- the ratio of the peak area derived from the C ⁇ O stretching of the amide bond to the area of the peak derived from the C ⁇ O stretching of the ester bond is It is 0.00010 or more and 0.02000 or less.
- the storage elastic modulus of the toner at a temperature of 80 ° C. is 3.5 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or more and 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less.
- the storage elastic modulus of the toner at 120 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less.
- the storage elastic modulus of the toner at a temperature of 150 ° C. is 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less.
- the present invention it is possible to improve the low-temperature fixability of the toner while suppressing hot offset of the toner regardless of the presence or absence of the crystalline polyester resin.
- the number average particle diameter of the powder is the number average value of the equivalent circle diameter of primary particles (diameter of a circle having the same area as the projected area of the particles) measured using a microscope unless otherwise specified. .
- the measured value of the volume median diameter (D 50 ) of the powder is measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size distribution measuring device (“LA-750” manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.) unless otherwise specified. It is the value.
- the glass transition point (Tg) is measured according to “JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) K7121-2012” using a differential scanning calorimeter (“DSC-6220” manufactured by Seiko Instruments Inc.) unless otherwise specified. It is the value.
- a compound and its derivatives may be generically named by adding “system” after the compound name.
- the name of a polymer is expressed by adding “system” after the compound name, it means that the repeating unit of the polymer is derived from the compound or a derivative thereof.
- Acrylic and methacrylic are sometimes collectively referred to as “(meth) acrylic”.
- the crystalline polyester resin is described as “crystalline polyester resin”, and the non-crystalline polyester resin is simply described as “polyester resin”.
- the toner according to this embodiment can be suitably used for developing an electrostatic latent image, for example, as a positively chargeable toner.
- the toner of the present exemplary embodiment is a powder that includes a plurality of toner particles (each having a configuration described later).
- the toner may be used as a one-component developer.
- a two-component developer may be prepared by mixing toner and carrier using a mixing device (for example, a ball mill).
- a ferrite carrier ferrite particle powder
- magnetic carrier particles including a carrier core and a resin layer covering the carrier core.
- the carrier core may be formed of a magnetic material (for example, a ferromagnetic substance such as ferrite), or the carrier core may be formed of a resin in which magnetic particles are dispersed. Good. Further, magnetic particles may be dispersed in the resin layer covering the carrier core.
- the amount of toner in the two-component developer is preferably 5 parts by mass or more and 15 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the carrier. The positively chargeable toner is positively charged by friction with the carrier.
- the toner according to the present embodiment can be used for image formation in, for example, an electrophotographic apparatus (image forming apparatus).
- an electrophotographic apparatus image forming apparatus
- an example of an image forming method using an electrophotographic apparatus will be described.
- an image forming unit (for example, a charging device and an exposure device) of an electrophotographic apparatus forms an electrostatic latent image on a photosensitive member (for example, a surface layer portion of a photosensitive drum) based on image data.
- a developing device of the electrophotographic apparatus specifically, a developing device in which a developer containing toner is set
- the toner is charged by friction with the carrier, the developing sleeve, or the blade in the developing device before being supplied to the photoreceptor.
- a positively chargeable toner is positively charged.
- toner specifically, frictionally charged toner
- a developing sleeve for example, a surface layer portion of a developing roller in the developing device
- the consumed toner is replenished to the developing device from a toner container containing replenishment toner.
- the transfer device of the electrophotographic apparatus transfers the toner image on the photosensitive member to an intermediate transfer member (for example, a transfer belt), the toner image on the intermediate transfer member is further transferred to a recording medium (for example, paper). Transcript to.
- a fixing device fixing method: nip fixing with a heating roller and a pressure roller
- an image is formed on the recording medium.
- a full color image can be formed by superposing four color toner images of black, yellow, magenta, and cyan.
- the transfer method may be a direct transfer method in which the toner image on the photosensitive member is directly transferred to the recording medium without using the intermediate transfer member.
- the fixing method may be a belt fixing method.
- the toner according to this embodiment includes a plurality of toner particles.
- the toner particles may include an external additive.
- the toner particles include an external additive
- the toner particles include a toner base particle and an external additive.
- the external additive adheres to the surface of the toner base particles.
- the toner base particles contain a binder resin.
- the toner base particles may contain an internal additive (for example, at least one of a release agent, a colorant, a charge control agent, and a magnetic powder) in addition to the binder resin, if necessary. If not necessary, the external additive may be omitted. When omitting the external additive, the toner base particles correspond to the toner particles.
- the toner particles contained in the toner according to the present embodiment may be toner particles not having a shell layer (hereinafter referred to as non-capsule toner particles), or toner particles having a shell layer (hereinafter referred to as capsule toner particles). May be described).
- the toner base particles include a core and a shell layer that covers the surface of the core.
- the shell layer is substantially composed of a resin. For example, by covering a core that melts at a low temperature with a shell layer having excellent heat resistance, it is possible to achieve both heat-resistant storage stability and low-temperature fixability of the toner.
- Additives may be dispersed in the resin constituting the shell layer.
- the shell layer may cover the entire surface of the core, or may partially cover the surface of the core.
- the core of the capsule toner particle is substantially composed of a thermoplastic resin.
- toner base particles in non-capsule toner particles described later can be used as a core.
- the shell layer may be substantially composed of a thermosetting resin, may be substantially composed of a thermoplastic resin, or may contain both a thermoplastic resin and a thermosetting resin. Good.
- the toner according to the present embodiment is an electrostatic latent image developing toner having the following basic configuration.
- the electrostatic latent image developing toner includes a plurality of toner particles containing a binder resin.
- the binder resin has an amide bond and an ester bond.
- a / E ratio The ratio (hereinafter referred to as A / E ratio) is 0.00010 or more and 0.02000 or less.
- storage elastic modulus G ′ 80 is 3.5 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or more and 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less.
- the storage elastic modulus of the toner at a temperature of 120 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as storage elastic modulus G ′ 120 ) is 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less.
- the storage elastic modulus of the toner at 150 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as storage elastic modulus G ′ 150 ) is 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less.
- Each measuring method of the A / E ratio and the storage elastic modulus is the same method as an example described later or an alternative method thereof.
- the toner of the nip fixing method is a low temperature fixing by a pressure roller having a temperature of 80 ° C. and a heating roller having a temperature of 120 ° C., and a high temperature by a pressure roller having a temperature of 120 ° C. and a heating roller having a temperature of 150 ° C. It is preferable that fixing can be appropriately performed both in fixing and fixing. Such toner can be fixed in a wide temperature range.
- the present inventor has confirmed through experiments and the like that basically the toner of the nip fixing method exhibits the following behavior. did.
- toner When toner is heated on a recording medium (for example, printing paper) to lower the storage elastic modulus of the toner, the toner is fixed to the recording medium when the storage elastic modulus of the toner becomes 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less. To do. Thereafter, the storage elastic modulus of the toner is further reduced, and the toner remains fixed on the recording medium even when the storage elastic modulus of the toner reaches 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa. However, when the storage elastic modulus of the toner is less than 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa, the toner loses self-cohesive force and hot offset occurs.
- a recording medium for example, printing paper
- the storage elastic modulus of the toner can be lowered to 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less (hereinafter, referred to as a fixing level) at a temperature of 80 ° C. (the temperature of the pressure roller in the low-temperature fixing described above). If possible, the low-temperature fixability of the toner can be improved. However, the toner at a temperature of 120 ° C. (the temperature of the heating roller in the low-temperature fixing described above and the temperature of the pressure roller in the high-temperature fixing described above) or 150 ° C. (the temperature of the heating roller in the high-temperature fixing described above).
- HO level When the storage elastic modulus of the toner becomes less than 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa (hereinafter referred to as HO level), hot offset of the toner tends to occur.
- a resin whose storage elastic modulus decreases to a fixing level at a low temperature (80 ° C.) has a storage elastic modulus of H.P. O. Lower to level.
- the storage elastic modulus is H. at high temperature (120 ° C. or 150 ° C.). O.
- the resin that does not reach the level does not lower the storage elastic modulus to the fixing level at a low temperature (80 ° C.).
- the binder resin has an amide bond (—C ( ⁇ O) NH—) and an ester bond (—C ( ⁇ O) —O—), and the A / E ratio is 0.00010. It has been found that when it is 0.02000 or less, the elasticity of the toner can be sufficiently lowered at a low temperature and the elasticity of the toner can be kept sufficiently high even at a high temperature.
- the crosslinked structure introduced into the resin includes a crosslinked structure formed by covalently bonding nitrogen atoms in the amide bond (hereinafter referred to as chemical crosslinking) and an oxygen atom in the ester bond formed by hydrogen bonding. And a crosslinked structure (hereinafter referred to as physical crosslinking).
- the part having chemical crosslinks in the resin is considered to hardly flow unless there is a chemical change. For this reason, it is difficult to improve the low-temperature fixability of the toner while suppressing hot offset of the toner even if only the chemical crosslinking ratio (degree of crosslinking) in the resin is adjusted.
- the part having physical crosslinks in the resin flows to some extent when the resin is heated and melted, but does not flow too much.
- each of the first peak and the second peak may vary depending on the type of electron-withdrawing group or electron-donating group existing near each of the amide bond and the ester bond.
- the storage elastic modulus G ′ 80 is 3.5 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or more and 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less
- the storage elastic modulus G ′ 120 is 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or more.
- the storage elastic modulus G ′ 150 is 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less.
- the storage elastic modulus of the toner decreases to 5.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less (fixing level) at a temperature of 80 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus is not less than 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa (HO level). According to the basic configuration described above, it is possible to improve the low-temperature fixability of the toner while suppressing the hot offset of the toner.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a G ′ temperature dependency curve (vertical axis: storage elastic modulus, horizontal axis: temperature) of a toner having the above-described basic configuration.
- FIG. 1 shows the temperature dependence of the storage elastic modulus of the toner in the temperature range of 40 ° C. or more and 200 ° C. or less.
- FIG. 1 shows the storage elastic modulus of a toner at each temperature under the condition of a frequency of 1 Hz while using a rheometer to raise the temperature of the toner from 40 ° C. at a constant rate (temperature increase rate of 2 ° C./min). It is the result of measurement.
- the storage elastic modulus decreases as the toner temperature increases.
- a shoulder S and a saturation point P exist in the G ′ temperature dependency curve.
- the temperature of the saturation point P may be referred to as “saturation temperature”.
- the shoulder S exists at a temperature lower than 80 ° C.
- the storage elastic modulus of the toner is constant.
- a saturation point P exists in a temperature range of 120 ° C. or more and 150 ° C. or less.
- the tangent of the curve before the slope changes suddenly and after the slope changes suddenly The intersection with the tangent of the curve is the shoulder.
- the toner particles contain, as a binder resin, a polyester resin containing an ester bond and a polymer of a vinyl compound bonded to the polyester resin via an amide bond. It is particularly preferred.
- the polymer of the vinyl compound may be a copolymer of two or more kinds of vinyl compounds.
- the polymer of the vinyl compound includes a repeating unit derived from the vinyl compound.
- the vinyl compound is a compound having a vinyl group (CH 2 ⁇ CH—) or a group in which hydrogen in the vinyl group is substituted.
- Examples of the vinyl compound include ethylene, propylene, butadiene, vinyl chloride, acrylic acid, acrylic acid ester, methacrylic acid, methacrylic acid ester, acrylonitrile, or styrene.
- the vinyl compound can be polymerized by addition polymerization (“C ⁇ C” ⁇ “—C—C—”) by a carbon double bond “C ⁇ C” to become a polymer (resin).
- a repeating unit represented by the following formula (1-1) (hereinafter referred to as a repeating unit (1-1)) is included. It is particularly preferable to melt and knead the polymer of the vinyl compound together with the polyester resin.
- a polymer of the vinyl compound containing the repeating unit (1-1) for example, an oxazoline group-containing polymer aqueous solution (“Epocross (registered trademark) WS series” manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.) can be used.
- Epocross WS-300 and “Epocross WS-700” each contain a polymer of a monomer (resin raw material) containing 2-vinyl-2-oxazoline and one or more (meth) acrylic acid alkyl esters. .
- R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted alkyl group (which may be linear, branched or cyclic). R 1 is particularly preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- the repeating unit (1-1) has an unopened oxazoline group.
- the unopened oxazoline group has a cyclic structure and exhibits strong positive chargeability. Unopened oxazoline groups are likely to react with carboxyl groups, aromatic sulfanyl groups, and aromatic hydroxyl groups.
- an oxazoline group is opened as shown in the following formula (1-2).
- an amide ester bond is formed.
- the repeating unit represented by the formula (1-2) is referred to as a repeating unit (1-2).
- R 1 represents the same group as R 1 in formula (1-1), and “R 0 —COO—” represents the end of the acid component of the polyester resin.
- the repeating unit (1-2) is formed by the oxazoline group of the repeating unit (1-1) and the carboxyl group of the acid component of the polyester resin reacting with each other and covalently bonding.
- the toner particles contain a polyester resin containing an ester bond and a polymer containing a repeating unit (1-1).
- the polyester resin and the repeating unit (1-1) are converted into the form represented by the formula (1-2).
- the polymer to contain is couple
- the binder resin of the toner particles contains the repeating unit (1-1) and the repeating unit (1-2).
- the absolute value is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or less. Since the decrease in the storage elastic modulus of the toner is almost saturated near the temperature of 150 ° C., it is considered that the hot offset of the toner can be prevented more reliably.
- the storage elastic modulus at a toner temperature of 150 ° C. is subtracted from the storage elastic modulus at a toner temperature of 120 ° C.
- the toner having such a configuration is considered to have a saturation point at a temperature around 120 ° C.
- the difference between the storage elastic modulus of the toner at 80 ° C. and the storage elastic modulus of the toner at 120 ° C. is 3 in absolute value. It is preferably 0.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or more. Since the elasticity of the toner is lowered by heating, the heated toner easily penetrates into the recording medium and is fixed.
- the storage elastic modulus at a toner temperature of 120 ° C. is 2.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or more and 5.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or less, and the toner temperature is 150
- the storage elastic modulus at ° C. is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or more and 5.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or less.
- toner is roughly classified into pulverized toner and polymerized toner (also called chemical toner).
- the toner obtained by the pulverization method belongs to the pulverized toner, and the toner obtained by the aggregation method belongs to the polymerized toner.
- the toner having the above basic configuration is preferably a pulverized toner.
- a polyester resin in which toner particles are melt-kneaded (specifically, an amorphous polyester resin) and a polymer having an oxazoline group (for example, a polymer containing a repeating unit represented by the above formula (1-1)); It is particularly preferable to contain
- the toner base particles particularly preferably contain a polymer having an oxazoline group in a proportion of 0.05% by mass or more and 7.00% by mass or less.
- the volume median diameter (D 50 ) of the toner base particles is 4 ⁇ m or more and 9 ⁇ m or less.
- the toner preferably contains toner particles containing a binder resin having an amide bond and an ester bond in a proportion of 70% by number or more, and 90% by number or more. More preferably, it is contained in a proportion of 100% by number.
- the binder resin occupies most of the components (for example, 85% by mass or more). For this reason, it is considered that the properties of the binder resin greatly affect the properties of the entire toner base particles.
- the properties of the binder resin (more specifically, the hydroxyl value, acid value, Tg, Tm, etc.) can be adjusted.
- the binder resin has an ester group, an ether group, an acid group, or a methyl group
- the toner base particles tend to be anionic
- the binder resin has an amino group or an amide group
- the toner base particles tend to be cationic.
- the toner base particles contain a polyester resin containing an ester bond and a polymer having an oxazoline group.
- a polymer having an oxazoline group a polymer of a vinyl compound is preferable, and a monomer (resin) containing vinyl oxazoline and a (meth) acrylic acid alkyl ester having an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the ester part.
- the polymer of (raw material) is particularly preferred.
- the polyester resin can be obtained by polycondensing one or more polyhydric alcohols and one or more polyhydric carboxylic acids.
- the polyester resin contains an alcohol component and an acid component.
- an alcohol for synthesizing the polyester resin for example, a dihydric alcohol (more specifically, an aliphatic diol or bisphenol) or a trihydric or higher alcohol as shown below can be preferably used.
- a carboxylic acid for synthesizing the polyester resin for example, divalent carboxylic acids or trivalent or higher carboxylic acids as shown below can be suitably used.
- Suitable examples of the aliphatic diol include diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, 1,2-propanediol, ⁇ , ⁇ -alkanediol (more specifically, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, etc. ), 2-butene-1,4-diol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, or polytetramethylene glycol.
- suitable bisphenol include bisphenol A, hydrogenated bisphenol A, bisphenol A ethylene oxide adduct, or bisphenol A propylene oxide adduct.
- trihydric or higher alcohols include sorbitol, 1,2,3,6-hexanetetrol, 1,4-sorbitan, pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, 1,2,4-butane. Triol, 1,2,5-pentanetriol, glycerol, diglycerol, 2-methylpropanetriol, 2-methyl-1,2,4-butanetriol, trimethylolethane, trimethylolpropane, or 1,3,5- Trihydroxymethylbenzene is mentioned.
- divalent carboxylic acids include aromatic dicarboxylic acids (more specifically, phthalic acid, terephthalic acid, or isophthalic acid), ⁇ , ⁇ -alkanedicarboxylic acids (more specifically, malonic acid).
- Preferred examples of the trivalent or higher carboxylic acid include 1,2,4-benzenetricarboxylic acid (trimellitic acid), 2,5,7-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,4-naphthalenetricarboxylic acid, 2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid, 1,2,5-hexanetricarboxylic acid, 1,3-dicarboxyl-2-methyl-2-methylenecarboxypropane, 1,2,4-cyclohexanetricarboxylic acid, tetra (methylenecarboxyl)
- Examples include methane, 1,2,7,8-octanetetracarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid, or empole trimer acid.
- polyester resin contained in the toner base particles together with the polymer having an oxazoline group include an amorphous diol containing an aliphatic diol having 1 to 4 carbon atoms as an alcohol component and an aromatic dicarboxylic acid as an acid component.
- a reactive polyester resin is
- the toner base particles may contain a crystalline polyester resin.
- the toner having the above-described basic configuration can ensure sufficient low-temperature fixability even if the toner base particles do not contain a crystalline polyester resin.
- the toner base particles may contain a resin other than the polyester resin as the binder resin.
- the binder resin other than the polyester resin include, for example, a styrene resin, an acrylic resin (more specifically, an acrylic ester polymer or a methacrylic ester polymer), and an olefin resin (more specifically, A thermoplastic resin such as a vinyl chloride resin, a polyvinyl alcohol, a vinyl ether resin, an N-vinyl resin, a polyamide resin, or a urethane resin.
- Copolymers of these resins that is, copolymers in which arbitrary repeating units are introduced into the resin (more specifically, styrene-acrylic acid resin or styrene-butadiene resin) are also bonded. It can be suitably used as a resin.
- the toner base particles may contain a colorant.
- a colorant a known pigment or dye can be used according to the color of the toner.
- the amount of the colorant is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 20 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.
- the toner base particles may contain a black colorant.
- a black colorant is carbon black.
- the black colorant may be a colorant that is toned to black using a yellow colorant, a magenta colorant, and a cyan colorant.
- the toner base particles may contain a color colorant such as a yellow colorant, a magenta colorant, or a cyan colorant.
- the yellow colorant for example, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of condensed azo compounds, isoindolinone compounds, anthraquinone compounds, azo metal complexes, methine compounds, and arylamide compounds can be used.
- the yellow colorant include C.I. I. Pigment Yellow (3, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 62, 74, 83, 93, 94, 95, 97, 109, 110, 111, 120, 127, 128, 129, 147, 151, 154, 155 168, 174, 175, 176, 180, 181, 191, or 194), naphthol yellow S, Hansa yellow G, or C.I. I. Vat yellow can be preferably used.
- the magenta colorant is, for example, selected from the group consisting of condensed azo compounds, diketopyrrolopyrrole compounds, anthraquinone compounds, quinacridone compounds, basic dye lake compounds, naphthol compounds, benzimidazolone compounds, thioindigo compounds, and perylene compounds.
- One or more compounds can be used.
- Examples of the magenta colorant include C.I. I. Pigment Red (2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 19, 23, 48: 2, 48: 3, 48: 4, 57: 1, 81: 1, 122, 144, 146, 150, 166, 169, 177 184, 185, 202, 206, 220, 221 or 254) can be preferably used.
- cyan colorant for example, one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of a copper phthalocyanine compound, an anthraquinone compound, and a basic dye lake compound can be used.
- cyan colorants include C.I. I. Pigment blue (1, 7, 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 60, 62, or 66), phthalocyanine blue, C.I. I. Bat Blue, or C.I. I. Acid blue can be preferably used.
- the toner base particles may contain a release agent.
- the release agent is used, for example, for the purpose of improving the fixing property or offset resistance of the toner.
- the amount of the release agent is preferably 1 part by mass or more and 30 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the binder resin.
- the release agent examples include low molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polypropylene, polyolefin copolymer, polyolefin wax, microcrystalline wax, paraffin wax, or aliphatic hydrocarbon wax such as Fischer-Tropsch wax; oxidized polyethylene wax or a block thereof Oxides of aliphatic hydrocarbon waxes such as copolymers; plant waxes such as candelilla wax, carnauba wax, wood wax, jojoba wax, or rice wax; animal properties such as beeswax, lanolin, or whale wax Waxes; mineral waxes such as ozokerite, ceresin, or petrolatum; waxes based on fatty acid esters such as montanic ester waxes or castor waxes; such as deoxidized carnauba wax; Some or all of the fatty acid ester can be preferably used de oxidized wax.
- One type of release agent may be used alone, or multiple types of release agents may be used in combination.
- a compatibilizer may be added to the toner base particles.
- the toner base particles may contain a charge control agent.
- the charge control agent is used, for example, for the purpose of improving the charge stability or charge rising property of the toner.
- the charge rising characteristic of the toner is an index as to whether or not the toner can be charged to a predetermined charge level in a short time.
- a negatively chargeable charge control agent more specifically, an organometallic complex or a chelate compound
- the anionicity of the toner base particles can be enhanced.
- a positively chargeable charge control agent more specifically, pyridine, nigrosine, quaternary ammonium salt, or the like
- the cationicity of the toner base particles can be enhanced.
- a charge control agent more specifically, pyridine, nigrosine, quaternary ammonium salt, or the like
- the toner base particles may contain magnetic powder.
- magnetic powder materials include ferromagnetic metals (more specifically, iron, cobalt, nickel, or alloys containing one or more of these metals), ferromagnetic metal oxides (more specifically, Ferrite, magnetite, chromium dioxide, or the like) or a material subjected to ferromagnetization treatment (more specifically, a carbon material or the like imparted with ferromagnetism by heat treatment) can be suitably used.
- One type of magnetic powder may be used alone, or a plurality of types of magnetic powder may be used in combination.
- An external additive (specifically, a powder containing a plurality of external additive particles) may be adhered to the surface of the toner base particles. Unlike the internal additive, the external additive does not exist inside the toner base particles, but selectively exists only on the surface of the toner base particles (surface layer portion of the toner particles). For example, the toner base particles (powder) and the external additive (powder) are stirred together, so that the external additive adheres to the surface of the toner base particles. The toner base particles and the external additive particles do not chemically react with each other and are physically bonded instead of chemically.
- the amount of the external additive is 0.5 mass relative to 100 parts by mass of the toner base particles. It is preferable that it is 10 parts by mass or more.
- the external additive particles are preferably inorganic particles such as silica particles or metal oxide particles (more specifically, alumina, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, strontium titanate, or barium titanate). Particularly preferred. However, resin particles may be used as the external additive particles.
- the external additive particles may be surface-treated. One type of external additive may be used alone, or a plurality of types of external additives may be used in combination.
- inorganic particles (powder) having a number average primary particle diameter of 5 nm to 30 nm are used as external additive particles. It is preferable to do.
- Toner Production Method In order to easily and suitably manufacture the toner having the above basic configuration, for example, a toner manufacturing method including the following melt-kneading step, pulverizing step, and external addition step is preferable.
- melt-kneading process (Melting and kneading process)
- toner materials for example, a binder resin, a colorant, a release agent, and an amide bond introducing agent
- a mixing device for example, FM mixer
- FM mixer FM mixer
- a twin-screw extruder for melt kneading of the mixture, a twin-screw extruder, a three-roll kneader, or a two-roll kneader can be suitably used.
- a master batch containing a binder resin and a colorant may be used.
- the melt-kneaded product is solidified by cooling using a cooling and solidifying device such as a drum flaker. Subsequently, the obtained solidified product is roughly pulverized using the first pulverizer. Thereafter, the obtained coarsely pulverized product is further pulverized using a second pulverizer to obtain a powder having a desired particle size. The obtained pulverized product may be classified.
- An external additive may be attached to the surface of the toner base particles.
- the toner base particles and the external additive are mixed under conditions that prevent the external additive from being embedded in the toner base particles, thereby allowing the external additive to adhere to the surface of the toner base particles. .
- a toner containing a large number of toner particles can be produced. Note that unnecessary steps may be omitted.
- the step of preparing the material can be omitted by using a commercially available product.
- the toner base particles correspond to the toner particles.
- a salt, ester, hydrate, or anhydride of the compound may be used as a raw material.
- the toner particles produced at the same time are considered to have substantially the same configuration.
- Table 1 shows toners TA-1 to TA-5 and TB-1 to TB-4 (each toner for developing an electrostatic latent image) according to Examples or Comparative Examples.
- toners TA-1 to TA-5 and TB-1 to TB-4 will be described in order.
- the evaluation in which an error occurs a considerable number of measurement values with sufficiently small errors are obtained, and the arithmetic average of the obtained measurement values is used as the evaluation value.
- the inside of the container is decompressed, and the contents of the container are kept until the Tm of the reaction product (polyester resin) reaches a predetermined temperature (90 ° C.) under a decompressed atmosphere (pressure 8.0 kPa) and a temperature of 230 ° C. Reacted.
- a polyester resin having a Tm of 90 ° C. was obtained.
- the aqueous oxazoline group-containing polymer solution (Epocross WS-700) was added in an amount corresponding to the proportion of oxazoline group-containing polymer shown in Table 1 (a proportion determined for each toner).
- the ratio of the oxazoline group-containing polymer to the total amount of all materials is 0.05.
- About 0.2 parts by mass of an aqueous solution of an oxazoline group-containing polymer (Epocross WS-700) was added so as to be a mass% (see Table 1).
- the obtained coarsely pulverized product was finely pulverized using a pulverizer (“Turbo Mill RS type” manufactured by Freund Turbo Co., Ltd.).
- the obtained finely pulverized product was classified using a classifier (classifier using the Coanda effect: “Elbow Jet EJ-LABO type” manufactured by Nittetsu Mining Co., Ltd.).
- classifier classifier using the Coanda effect: “Elbow Jet EJ-LABO type” manufactured by Nittetsu Mining Co., Ltd.).
- toner mother particles having a volume median diameter (D 50 ) of 6.7 ⁇ m, Tm of 90 ° C., and Tg of 48 ° C. were obtained.
- the obtained toner base particles contained an oxazoline group-containing polymer (polymer having an oxazoline group) in the ratio shown in “Oxazoline group-containing polymer” in Table 1.
- the A / E ratio of the toner and the storage elastic moduli G ′ 80 , G ′ 120 , and G ′ 150 Each measurement result was as shown in Table 1.
- the A / E ratio is 0.00011
- the storage elastic modulus G ′ 80 is 4.1 ⁇ 10 4 Pa
- the storage elastic modulus G ′ 120 is 2.1 ⁇ 10 3.
- the storage elastic modulus G ′ 150 was 1.1 ⁇ 10 3 Pa.
- Each measuring method of A / E ratio and storage elastic modulus was as shown below.
- FT-IR Full transform infrared spectroscopic analyzer
- ATR total reflection measurement method
- KRS-5 L1250046 manufactured by Perkin Elmer
- the background was measured under the conditions of a resolution of 4 cm ⁇ 1 , 8 integrations, and an infrared light incident angle of 45 °, and then the FT-IR spectrum of the sample (horizontal axis: irradiation) Infrared wave number, vertical axis: absorbance) were measured.
- ⁇ Storage modulus G '80, G' 120, G '150 method of measuring> A sample (toner) 0.2 g was set in a pellet molding machine, and a pressure of 4 MPa was applied to the sample to obtain a cylindrical pellet having a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 2 mm. Subsequently, the obtained pellets were set in a measuring device.
- a rheometer (“Physica MCR-301” manufactured by Anton Paar) was used.
- a measuring jig (parallel plate) was attached to the tip of the shaft of the measuring device (specifically, a shaft driven by a motor). The pellets were placed on a plate of a measuring apparatus (specifically, a heat table heated by a heater).
- An image was formed using the two-component developer prepared as described above, and the minimum fixing temperature and the maximum fixing temperature were evaluated.
- a color printer having a Roller-Roller type heat and pressure type fixing device (an evaluator in which “FS-C5250DN” manufactured by Kyocera Document Solutions Co., Ltd. was modified to change the fixing temperature) was used.
- the two-component developer prepared as described above was charged into the developing device of the evaluation machine, and the sample (replenishment toner) was charged into the toner container of the evaluation machine.
- the measuring range of the fixing temperature was 150 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower.
- the fixing temperature of the fixing device was increased by 2 ° C. from 150 ° C., and the maximum temperature at which no offset occurred (maximum fixing temperature) was measured. With respect to the evaluation paper passed through the fixing device, it was confirmed whether or not an offset was generated visually (toner adhered to the fixing roller).
- the maximum fixing temperature was 170 ° C. or higher, it was evaluated as “good”, and when the maximum fixing temperature was lower than 170 ° C., it was evaluated as “poor” (not good).
- Table 2 shows the evaluation results of toners TA-1 to TA-5 and TB-1 to TB-4.
- Table 2 shows measured values of low-temperature fixability (minimum fixing temperature) and hot offset resistance (maximum fixing temperature).
- the storage elastic modulus (storage elastic modulus G ′ 120 ) of the toner is 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa to 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa and the storage elastic modulus (storage elastic modulus G ′ 150 ) of the toner at 150 ° C. is It was 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 Pa or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 Pa or less.
- the toners TA-1 to TA-5 were excellent in low-temperature fixability and hot offset resistance, respectively.
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Abstract
Description
静電潜像現像用トナーが、結着樹脂を含有するトナー粒子を、複数含む。結着樹脂は、アミド結合とエステル結合とを有する。フーリエ変換赤外分光分析で得られるトナーのFT-IRスペクトルにおいて、エステル結合のC=O伸縮に由来する第1ピークの面積に対する、アミド結合のC=O伸縮に由来する第2ピークの面積の比率(以下、A/E比率と記載する)が、0.00010以上0.02000以下である。トナーの温度80℃の貯蔵弾性率(以下、貯蔵弾性率G’80と記載する)は3.5×104Pa以上5.0×104Pa以下である。トナーの温度120℃の貯蔵弾性率(以下、貯蔵弾性率G’120と記載する)は1.0×103Pa以上1.0×104Pa以下である。トナーの温度150℃の貯蔵弾性率(以下、貯蔵弾性率G’150と記載する)は1.0×103Pa以上1.0×104Pa以下である。A/E比率及び貯蔵弾性率の各々の測定方法は、後述する実施例と同じ方法又はその代替方法である。
(結着樹脂)
トナー母粒子では、一般に、成分の大部分(例えば、85質量%以上)を結着樹脂が占める。このため、結着樹脂の性質がトナー母粒子全体の性質に大きな影響を与えると考えられる。結着樹脂として複数種の樹脂を組み合わせて使用することで、結着樹脂の性質(より具体的には、水酸基価、酸価、Tg、又はTm等)を調整することができる。結着樹脂がエステル基、エーテル基、酸基、又はメチル基を有する場合には、トナー母粒子はアニオン性になる傾向が強くなり、結着樹脂がアミノ基又はアミド基を有する場合には、トナー母粒子はカチオン性になる傾向が強くなる。
トナー母粒子は、着色剤を含んでいてもよい。着色剤としては、トナーの色に合わせて公知の顔料又は染料を用いることができる。着色剤の量は、結着樹脂100質量部に対して、1質量部以上20質量部以下であることが好ましい。
トナー母粒子は、離型剤を含んでいてもよい。離型剤は、例えば、トナーの定着性又は耐オフセット性を向上させる目的で使用される。トナーの定着性又は耐オフセット性を向上させるためには、離型剤の量は、結着樹脂100質量部に対して、1質量部以上30質量部以下であることが好ましい。
トナー母粒子は、電荷制御剤を含んでいてもよい。電荷制御剤は、例えば、トナーの帯電安定性又は帯電立ち上がり特性を向上させる目的で使用される。トナーの帯電立ち上がり特性は、短時間で所定の帯電レベルにトナーを帯電可能か否かの指標になる。
トナー母粒子は、磁性粉を含んでいてもよい。磁性粉の材料としては、例えば、強磁性金属(より具体的には、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、又はこれら金属の1種以上を含む合金等)、強磁性金属酸化物(より具体的には、フェライト、マグネタイト、又は二酸化クロム等)、又は強磁性化処理が施された材料(より具体的には、熱処理により強磁性が付与された炭素材料等)を好適に使用できる。1種類の磁性粉を単独で使用してもよいし、複数種の磁性粉を併用してもよい。
トナー母粒子の表面に外添剤(詳しくは、複数の外添剤粒子を含む粉体)を付着させてもよい。外添剤は、内添剤とは異なり、トナー母粒子の内部には存在せず、トナー母粒子の表面(トナー粒子の表層部)のみに選択的に存在する。例えば、トナー母粒子(粉体)と外添剤(粉体)とを一緒に攪拌することで、トナー母粒子の表面に外添剤が付着する。トナー母粒子と外添剤粒子とは、互いに化学反応せず、化学的ではなく物理的に結合する。トナー母粒子と外添剤粒子との結合の強さは、攪拌条件(より具体的には、攪拌時間、及び攪拌の回転速度等)、外添剤粒子の粒子径、外添剤粒子の形状、及び外添剤粒子の表面状態などによって調整できる。
前述の基本構成を有するトナーを容易かつ好適に製造するためには、例えば、次に示す溶融混練工程、粉砕工程、及び外添工程を含むトナーの製造方法が好ましい。
以下、溶融混練工程の一例について説明する。溶融混練工程では、トナー材料(例えば、結着樹脂、着色剤、離型剤、及びアミド結合導入剤)を混合して、混合物を得る。続けて、得られた混合物を溶融混練し、溶融混練物を得る。トナー材料の混合には、混合装置(例えば、FMミキサー)を好適に使用できる。混合物の溶融混練には、二軸押出機、三本ロール混練機、又は二本ロール混練機を好適に使用できる。なお、トナー材料としては、結着樹脂及び着色剤を含むマスターバッチを用いてもよい。
以下、粉砕工程の一例について説明する。まず、ドラムフレーカーのような冷却固化装置を用いて溶融混練物を冷却することにより固化する。続けて、第1の粉砕装置を用いて、得られた固化物を粗粉砕する。その後、得られた粗粉砕物を、第2の粉砕装置を用いてさらに粉砕し、所望の粒子径を有する粉体を得る。得られた粉砕物を分級してもよい。
トナー母粒子の表面に外添剤を付着させてもよい。混合機を用いて、トナー母粒子に外添剤が埋め込まれないような条件でトナー母粒子と外添剤とを混合することで、トナー母粒子の表面に外添剤を付着させることができる。
(ポリエステル樹脂の合成)
温度計(熱電対)、脱水管、窒素導入管、精留塔、及び攪拌装置を備えた容量5Lの反応容器を油浴にセットし、その容器内に、プロパンジオール1200gと、テレフタル酸1700gと、エステル化触媒(2-エチルヘキサン酸錫(II))3gとを入れた。続けて、油浴を用いて容器内の温度を230℃に昇温させて、窒素雰囲気かつ温度230℃の条件で、容器内容物を15時間反応(詳しくは、縮合反応)させた。続けて、容器内を減圧し、減圧雰囲気(圧力8.0kPa)かつ温度230℃の条件で、反応生成物(ポリエステル樹脂)のTmが所定の温度(90℃)になるまで、容器内容物を反応させた。その結果、Tm90℃のポリエステル樹脂が得られた。
FMミキサー(日本コークス工業株式会社製「FM-20B」)を用いて、結着樹脂(前述の手順で合成したポリエステル樹脂)80質量部と、離型剤(エステルワックス:日油株式会社製「ニッサンエレクトール(登録商標)WEP-9」)9質量部と、着色剤(カーボンブラック:三菱化学株式会社製「MA-100」)9質量部と、オキサゾリン基含有高分子水溶液(株式会社日本触媒製「エポクロスWS-700」、固形分濃度:25質量%)とを混合した。オキサゾリン基含有高分子水溶液(エポクロスWS-700)は、表1に示すオキサゾリン基含有高分子の割合(トナーごとに定めた割合)に対応する量だけ添加した。例えば、トナーTA-1の製造では、全ての材料(結着樹脂、離型剤、着色剤、及びオキサゾリン基含有高分子水溶液)の合計量に対してオキサゾリン基含有高分子の割合が0.05質量%(表1参照)になるように、オキサゾリン基含有高分子水溶液(エポクロスWS-700)を約0.2質量部添加した。なお、オキサゾリン基含有高分子水溶液(エポクロスWS-700)を0.2質量部添加した場合には、添加されるオキサゾリン基含有高分子の量は「0.2質量部(水溶液の添加量)×0.25(固形分濃度)=0.05質量部」となる。トナー母粒子を構成する全ての材料の合計量は98.05(=80+9+9+0.05)であり、この合計量に対するオキサゾリン基含有高分子の割合は0.05質量%(=100×0.05/98.05)であった。
続けて、得られたトナー母粒子を外添処理した。詳しくは、トナー母粒子100質量部と、乾式シリカ微粒子(日本アエロジル株式会社製「AEROSIL(登録商標)REA90」)1質量部とを、容量10LのFMミキサー(日本コークス工業株式会社製)を用いて5分間混合することにより、トナー母粒子の表面に外添剤(シリカ粒子)を付着させた。続けて、得られた粉体を、200メッシュ(目開き75μm)の篩を用いて篩別した。その結果、多数のトナー粒子を含むトナー(表1に示されるトナーTA-1~TA-5及びTB-1~TB-4)が得られた。
測定装置として、FT-IR(フーリエ変換赤外分光分析装置)(パーキンエルマー社製「Frontier」)を用いた。測定モードは、ATR(全反射測定法)モードであった。ATR結晶としては、KRS-5(パーキンエルマー社製「L1250046」)を用いた。ATR結晶を装着した測定装置を用いて、分解能4cm-1、積算回数8回、赤外光入射角45°の条件で、バックグラウンドを測定した後、試料のFT-IRスペクトル(横軸:照射した赤外線の波数、縦軸:吸光度)を測定した。得られたFT-IRスペクトルから、エステル結合のC=O伸縮に由来する第1ピークの面積と、アミド結合のC=O伸縮に由来する第2ピークの面積とを求めた。第1ピークは1720cm-1付近に現れた。第2ピークは1600cm-1付近に現れた。第2ピークの面積を第1ピークの面積で除して、A/E比率(=第2ピークの面積/第1ピークの面積)を得た。
試料(トナー)0.2gをペレット成形機にセットし、試料に圧力4MPaを加えて、直径10mm、厚さ2mmの円柱状のペレットを得た。続けて、得られたペレットを測定装置にセットした。測定装置としては、レオメーター(アントンパール社製「PhysicaMCR-301」)を用いた。測定装置のシャフト(詳しくは、モーターで駆動されるシャフト)の先端には、測定治具(パラレルプレート)を取り付けた。ペレットは、測定装置のプレート(詳しくは、ヒーターで加熱されるヒート台)上に載せた。プレート上のペレットを110℃まで加熱して、ペレット(トナーの塊)を一度溶融させた。トナー全体が溶融したところで、溶融したトナーに上から測定治具(パラレルプレート)を密着させて、平行な2枚のプレート(上:測定治具、下:ヒート台)の間にトナーを挟んだ。そして、トナーを40℃まで冷却した。その後、測定装置を用いて、測定温度範囲40℃~200℃、昇温速度2℃/分、振動周波数1Hzの条件で、試料(トナー)の貯蔵弾性率温度依存性曲線(縦軸:貯蔵弾性率、横軸:温度)を測定した。そして、得られた貯蔵弾性率温度依存性曲線から、各温度(80℃、120℃、150℃)の貯蔵弾性率G’80、G’120、及びG’150を読み取った。
各試料(トナーTA-1~TA-5及びTB-1~TB-4)の評価方法は、以下のとおりである。
トナーTA-1~TA-5及びTB-1~TB-4の各々の評価結果を、表2に示す。表2は、低温定着性(最低定着温度)及び耐ホットオフセット性(最高定着温度)の各々の測定値を示している。
Claims (10)
- 結着樹脂を含有するトナー粒子を、複数含む静電潜像現像用トナーであって、
前記結着樹脂は、アミド結合とエステル結合とを有し、
フーリエ変換赤外分光分析で得られる前記トナーのFT-IRスペクトルにおいて、エステル結合のC=O伸縮に由来するピークの面積に対する、アミド結合のC=O伸縮に由来するピークの面積の比率は、0.00010以上0.02000以下であり、
前記トナーの温度80℃の貯蔵弾性率は3.5×104Pa以上5.0×104Pa以下であり、
前記トナーの温度120℃の貯蔵弾性率は1.0×103Pa以上1.0×104Pa以下であり、
前記トナーの温度150℃の貯蔵弾性率は1.0×103Pa以上1.0×104Pa以下である、静電潜像現像用トナー。 - 前記トナー粒子は、前記結着樹脂として、前記エステル結合を含むポリエステル樹脂と、前記アミド結合を介して前記ポリエステル樹脂と結合しているビニル化合物の重合物とを含有する、請求項1に記載の静電潜像現像用トナー。
- 前記結着樹脂は、前記アミド結合中の窒素原子が共有結合して形成する架橋構造と、前記エステル結合中の酸素原子が水素結合して形成する架橋構造とを有する、請求項1に記載の静電潜像現像用トナー。
- 前記トナーの温度120℃の貯蔵弾性率と前記トナーの温度150℃の貯蔵弾性率との差は、絶対値で1.0×103Pa以下である、請求項1に記載の静電潜像現像用トナー。
- 前記トナーの温度120℃の貯蔵弾性率から前記トナーの温度150℃の貯蔵弾性率を減算して得られる値は、+0.1×103Pa以上+0.3×103Pa以下である、請求項5に記載の静電潜像現像用トナー。
- 前記トナーの温度80℃の貯蔵弾性率と前記トナーの温度120℃の貯蔵弾性率との差は、絶対値で3.0×104Pa以上である、請求項5に記載の静電潜像現像用トナー。
- 前記トナーの温度120℃の貯蔵弾性率は2.0×103Pa以上5.0×103Pa以下であり、
前記トナーの温度150℃の貯蔵弾性率は1.0×103Pa以上5.0×103Pa以下である、請求項7に記載の静電潜像現像用トナー。 - 前記トナー粒子のトナー母粒子は、オキサゾリン基を有する重合物を0.05質量%以上7.00質量%以下の割合で含有し、
前記静電潜像現像用トナーは、粉砕トナーである、請求項1に記載の静電潜像現像用トナー。 - 前記トナー粒子は、結晶性ポリエステル樹脂を含まず、
前記静電潜像現像用トナーは、正帯電性トナーである、請求項1に記載の静電潜像現像用トナー。
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JP2019215481A (ja) * | 2018-06-14 | 2019-12-19 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | トナー |
JP7484417B2 (ja) | 2020-05-25 | 2024-05-16 | 京セラドキュメントソリューションズ株式会社 | 磁性トナー |
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