WO2017190697A1 - 电动插秧机及其应用 - Google Patents
电动插秧机及其应用 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017190697A1 WO2017190697A1 PCT/CN2017/083315 CN2017083315W WO2017190697A1 WO 2017190697 A1 WO2017190697 A1 WO 2017190697A1 CN 2017083315 W CN2017083315 W CN 2017083315W WO 2017190697 A1 WO2017190697 A1 WO 2017190697A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- electric
- rice transplanter
- unit
- walking
- power source
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
- A01C11/02—Transplanting machines for seedlings
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of rice transplanters, and further relates to an electric rice transplanter and its application.
- Conventional fuel machinery typically uses the engine to convert thermal energy from fuel combustion into mechanical energy, typically diesel or gasoline. It is well known that based on the principle of power generation, diesel or gasoline produces a large amount of pollutants during combustion, such as benzene, toluene and xylene, nitrogen oxides (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) in hydrocarbon (HC) tail gas, Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ). These pollutants not only pollute the environment, but also directly affect human health.
- pollutants such as benzene, toluene and xylene, nitrogen oxides (NO), carbon monoxide (CO) in hydrocarbon (HC) tail gas, Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) and ozone (O 3 ).
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electric rice transplanter and an application thereof, wherein the rice transplanter drives the rice transplant with electric energy as a power source, thereby reducing environmental pollution and direct damage to the human body during the transplanting operation.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric rice transplanter and an application thereof, wherein the rice transplanter includes an electric system that drives the rice transplanting operation by electric energy and is adapted to the paddy working environment.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric rice transplanter and an application thereof, wherein the electric system of the rice transplanter is used to drive the rice transplanter, and the electric system can adapt to the underwater working environment of the rice transplanter .
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric rice transplanter and an application thereof, wherein the rice transplanter includes a power management unit for monitoring and controlling the working state of the power source so that the rice transplanter can work stably and safely.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric rice transplanter and an application thereof, wherein the electric motor system is adapted to drive the rice transplanter to work, so that the rice transplanter does not generate environmental pollution exhaust gas when working, and does not harm the body. health.
- the present invention further provides an electric high speed rice transplanter comprising:
- An operating system comprising: a transplanting unit adapted to be walked by an operator, and a walking unit, the electric system driving the transplanting unit and the walking unit with electric energy to cause the The rice transplanter operates at high speed while the operator is riding.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the function of a power management unit of the electric rice transplanter according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the operational relationship of the control unit of the electric rice transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- 5A and 5B are perspective perspective views of an embodiment of an electric rice transplanter in accordance with the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- 6A, 6B, and 6C are schematic views of different application states of the electric rice transplanter according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a functional diagram of a power management unit of an electric rice transplanter in accordance with the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG 11 is a block diagram showing the relationship of control units of an electric rice transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS 12A and 12B are perspective perspective views of an embodiment of an electric rice transplanter in accordance with the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Fig. 13A is a schematic view showing the road surface travel of the electric rice transplanter according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 13B is a schematic view of a paddy field walk of an electric rice transplanter in accordance with the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Figure 13C is a schematic view of the seedling of the electric rice transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- Rice transplanter is a planting machinery agricultural machine that plantes rice seedlings in paddy fields. It replaces the process of artificially planting seedlings, saves labor through mechanical operations, improves the efficiency of transplanting and planting quality, and achieves reasonable close planting, which is conducive to the mechanization of subsequent operations. Therefore, the application of the rice transplanter enables mechanization of rice planting, and the subsequent management and harvesting process is easily accomplished by mechanical means. Nearly half of the world's population is based on rice. Rice is a crop that humans cannot lack. Therefore, the improved development of rice transplanting machines is of great significance for agricultural production and human life.
- the unfavorable factors are aspects that the fuel machinery itself cannot overcome. Therefore, to overcome the above-mentioned unfavorable factors, it is necessary to start from the power source of the agricultural machinery and start from the fundamental of replacing the fuel power to further solve the above problems.
- it is intended to provide an electric rice transplanter that uses kinetic energy as a power source to provide kinetic energy instead of a fuel-driven machine like a transmission, which provides a power source by burning fuel, thereby driving the rice transplanter. In the process of converting electrical energy into mechanical energy, it will not pollute the environment without any harmful gas, and the operator will not injure the body by inhaling harmful gases due to the proximity.
- the electric system of the electric rice transplanter is based on the basic working environment requirements of rice, and the waterproof performance is fully considered in the design process, so that the rice transplanter can use electric energy as a power source and can work normally in the paddy field for transplanting.
- the electric rice transplanter combines waterproofing with ease of operation and stability of work from the overall structural layout, so that the overall working performance of the hand-held rice transplanter is improved.
- an electric rice transplanter in accordance with a first preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- an electric rice transplanter includes an electric system 10, a mechanical transmission system 20, and an operating system 30.
- the electric system 10 uses electric energy as a power source, and the electric system 10 drives the working system 30 through the mechanical transmission system 20 to perform a transplanting operation. That is, the operating system 30 is driven by the mechanical transmission system 20 to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy for operation.
- the fuel transmission method first converts the chemical energy combustion of fuel into heat energy, and then pushes the internal combustion engine to work, then converts the thermal energy into mechanical energy, and then transmits the kinetic energy to different through the transmission.
- the working position namely: chemical energy ⁇ thermal energy ⁇ mechanical energy (with exhaust gas emissions), so the entire energy conversion transfer process is relatively complicated, cumbersome, and generates harmful gases during the combustion conversion process.
- the present invention is equivalent to transferring the process of generating fuel energy to other places, such as a power plant, or providing energy that is converted into kinetic energy in different ways, such as thermal power, hydropower, nuclear power, etc., thus making energy
- the use is more extensive.
- the electric energy is directly converted into mechanical energy, that is, electric energy ⁇ mechanical energy, which simplifies the chain of energy conversion, thereby making the energy utilization more efficient, and it is well known that electric energy has the advantages of being clean and convenient to use, so This change in power source will fundamentally improve the problems of fuel machinery and agricultural machinery.
- the electric system 10 includes a power source 11 that provides electrical energy to the electric system 10.
- the power source 11 is a group of batteries, and the batteries are electrically connected to each other.
- the batteries may be electrically connected to each other in parallel to provide the entire transplanter.
- the power source 11 is a set of lithium batteries, and the lithium battery pack provides working power for the rice transplanter.
- the power source 11 can select a specific type and quantity according to different needs, for example, a sealed lead storage battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, a nickel chrome battery, a polymer lithium battery, and a zinc.
- the power source can draw power from an electric bicycle or an electric vehicle to apply its power source to the rice transplanter. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the type and number of the power source 11 are not limited by the present invention. The above types are only exemplified as an alternative type, and in different implementations, they may be configured according to actual application requirements.
- the electric system 10 includes a power management unit 12, and the power supply
- the management unit 12 is electrically connected to the power source 11.
- the power management unit 12 is configured to monitor and manage the working state of the power source 11 and the entire electric system 10.
- the power management unit 12 is a link between the power source 11 and the user, and the working state of the power source 11 cannot be directly observed.
- the power management unit 12 can monitor the working state of the power source 11 in real time.
- the working state of the entire electric system 10 can be known.
- there are some disadvantages in the process of repeated recycling such as low storage energy, short life, serial and parallel use problems, safety of use, difficulty in estimating battery power, etc., so the performance of the power supply is relatively complicated.
- the battery characteristics of different types of batteries are also very different, and the power management unit 12 can monitor and control the operation of the power source 11 in real time, improve the utilization rate of the battery, prevent overcharging and overdischarging of the battery, and extend the The service life of the power source 11.
- the power management unit 12 is provided with various functions to more harmoniously manage the coordinated and safe operation of the entire electric system 10.
- the power management unit 12 has a protection function, which can monitor and control the power source 11 in real time to protect the power supply 11 from safe operation; the power management unit 12 has a data storage function (Date Storage), which will The monitored data is stored and analyzed to facilitate more reliable analysis results.
- the power management unit 12 has a voltage and temperature monitoring function (Voltage&Temperature Measurement) to monitor the working voltage, temperature, and the like of the power source 11 and related equipment in real time.
- the power management unit 12 has a real-time communication function, so that the working states of the power source 11 and other devices can be managed more quickly, so that different components work in coordination with each other;
- the power management unit 12 has a built-in charge management function (Charge Management), so that the power source 11 can operate in a safety monitoring state when it is repeatedly used and replenished;
- the power management unit 12 has a backup state management function ( State of Back-up, SOB), making the electric
- SOB State of Back-up
- the power management unit 12 has a state of health (SOH)
- SOH state of health
- the terminal voltage and temperature, the charging and discharging current and the total voltage of the battery pack of each of the power sources 11 are collected in real time to prevent overcharging or overdischarging of the battery pack, and the battery can be given in time. The situation, picking out the problematic battery, maintaining the reliability and efficiency of the entire battery operation, making the implementation of the remaining battery estimation model possible.
- the history of each battery is also established to further optimize and develop new batteries.
- Equalization processing unit 12 has a management function (Cell Balance Management), is the charge balancing the cells, each cell in the battery pack are equalized reach a consistent state.
- the electric system 10 includes a display unit 13 for displaying various operating state variables of the electric system 10.
- the display unit 13 is communicably connected to the power management unit 12, so as to cooperate with the power management unit 12 to display various monitoring information collected by the power management unit 12.
- the display unit 13 displays data such as voltage, current, temperature, SOC metering, and the like. More specifically, during the structural design of the rice transplanter, the display unit 10 can be disposed close to the operating position, thereby facilitating the operator to observe the power working state in real time.
- the electric system 10 includes a control unit 14 communicatively coupled to the power management unit 12 and receiving information collected by the power management unit 12 and feeding back control information to The power management unit 12 controls the operation of the power source 11 by the power management unit 12.
- the electric system 10 includes a drive unit 15 for driving the mechanical transmission system 20.
- the drive unit 15 is electrically connected to the control unit 14 and the power source 11, the mechanical transmission system 20 is drivably connected to the drive unit 15, that is, the control unit 14 controls the drive
- the operation of unit 15 then controls the operation of said mechanical transmission system 20 by controlling said drive unit 15.
- the control unit 14 acquires the electric energy supplied from the power source 11 by the power management unit 12, and transfers the electric energy to the driving unit 15, thereby converting the electric energy into mechanical energy through the driving unit 15.
- control unit 14 can control the power source 11 to supply power to the driving unit 15, and the driving unit 15 can generate power by converting electrical energy into kinetic energy, and subsequently, the driving unit 15 generates The power can be transmitted to the operating system 30 through the mechanical transmission system 20 to drive the operating system 30 to operate.
- the drive unit 15 includes at least one electric motor 151 that is powered by the power management unit 12 and that transfers electrical energy to the electric motor 151, the electric motor 151 being in electrical energy
- the rotary operation works to convert the electrical energy into rotational mechanical energy, so that the mechanical transmission system 20 can be driven by the motor 151 to drive the operating system 30 through the mechanical transmission system 20 to complete the transplanting operation. That is, the motor 151 is connected to the power source 11, and the mechanical transmission system 20 is drivably coupled to the motor 151.
- the electric motor 151 is an in-wheel motor that is disposed at a wheel position of the operating system 30, respectively.
- the motor 151 requires strong torque and high insulation based on the requirements of the rice transplanter planting work.
- the motor 151 is maintenance-free, simple in structure, and adjustable in speed range. Wide AC variable frequency motor.
- the motor 151 is a rat cage type. The motor is driven by an aluminum alloy as an outer casing, and an aluminum alloy die-casting process is employed on both ends of the motor 151, thereby reducing the mass of the motor 151 and increasing the heat dissipation performance of the motor 151.
- the mechanical transmission system 20 includes at least one transmission mechanism 21 that drives the motor 151 and the operating system 30 of the drive unit 15. That is to say, the kinetic energy of the drive unit 15 of the electric system 10 is converted into mechanical energy of different driving modes by the transmission mechanism 21, and transmitted to different working positions of the working system 30. That is, the drive unit 15 of the electric system 10 converts electrical energy into mechanical energy of the same form, such as kinetic energy of a motor gear or shaft rotation, and the transmission mechanism 21 of the mechanical transmission system 20 respectively
- the mechanical energy of one transformation transfers and converts the kinetic energy of the drive unit 15 into a suitable various driving modes to the transplanter by different connecting mechanisms such as gears, shafts, belts, splines, crankshafts and the like.
- Different working positions of the operating system 30, such as a transplanting position, a walking position, and the like, can be used to realize different working actions, such as transplanting, walking, steering, etc., by means of the kinetic energy.
- the mechanical transmission system 20 includes a main clutch 22, a gearbox 23, and an output shaft 24.
- the main clutch 22 is drivingly coupled between the motor 151 of the drive unit 15 of the electric system 10 and the gearbox 23 for cutting off or transmitting the motor 151 to the gearbox 23 Input
- the gearbox 23 generates a shift torque through different gear combinations; the output shaft 24 is for outputting the kinetic energy of the gearbox 23.
- the mechanical transmission system 20 also includes at least one rotational speed sensor 25, an electric control actuator 26, a master clutch control actuator 27, and a shift drive actuator 28 .
- One of the rotation speed sensors 25 and the electric control actuator 26 cooperates with the electric motor 151, and the rotation speed sensor 25 feeds back the rotation speed information of the electric motor 151 to the control unit 14, and the control unit 14 passes
- the electric control actuator 26 controls the operation of the motor 151 to facilitate different movements of the rice transplanter, such as start, stop, forward, reverse, turn, and the like.
- the master clutch control actuator 27 is mated with the master clutch 22, and the control unit 14 controls the operation of the master clutch 22 by the master clutch control actuator 27.
- the shift drive actuator 28 cooperates with the gearbox 23, and the control unit 14 controls the operation of the gearbox 23 by the shift drive actuator 28.
- Another of the speed sensors 25 cooperates with the output shaft to feed back information to the control unit 14.
- the motor 151 of the drive unit 15 transmits kinetic energy to the master clutch 22 and feeds back information about the speed sensor 25, the master clutch 22 controls the transfer of kinetic energy, and the master clutch In the closed state, the kinetic energy is transmitted to the gearbox 23, the different operating states are changed by the gearbox 23, and the appropriate kinetic energy is output through the output shaft 24, and the rotational speed information is fed back to the The control unit 14 is described.
- the control unit 14 controls the operation of the motor 151 by the electric control actuator 26 based on the received information, such as the information of the rotational speed sensor; the control unit 27 controls the control by the main clutch control actuator 27.
- the operation of the main clutch 22 is performed; the operation of the transmission 23 is controlled by the shift drive actuator 28.
- the working system 30 includes a walking unit 31, and the walking unit 31 is configured to complete the walking, turning, and the like movement of the rice transplanter, so that the rice transplanter can freely move the position.
- the mechanical transmission system 20 drives and controls the operation of the walking unit.
- the walking unit 31 includes a lifting mechanism for lifting the body of the rice transplanter so that the rice transplanter is adapted to different road conditions. For example, in the non-cultivation section, the rice transplanter is placed in an elevated position for convenient and rapid walking; in the paddy field, the rice transplanter is placed in a lowered position, so that the rice transplanter is suitable for transplanting and walking more stable.
- the walking unit 31 includes a central pontoon 312 and two side pontoons 313, and the central pontoon 312 and the two side pontoons 313 are used to support the rice transplanter to make it suitable for Working in paddy fields.
- the central pontoon 312 is disposed at an intermediate position of the set of wheels 311, and the two side pontoons 313 are respectively disposed on the set of wheels The position of the sides of the 311.
- the electric rice transplanter is taken as an example.
- different types and structural shapes are also possible, and those skilled in the art should understand that The type and structural shape of the walking unit 31 are not limited by the present invention.
- the transplanting unit 32 includes a seedling carrying portion 321 for placing a seedling transplanting portion 322, and a planting portion 322 for interpolating the seedlings provided by the seedling carrying portion 321 To the paddy field. That is, during the planting operation, the seedling to be planted is placed in the seedling portion 321, and the interpolation portion 322 obtains the seedling from the seedling portion 321 and plantes the seedling in the field.
- the seedling portion 321 is disposed to extend downward to be adapted to slide the seedling root along the seedling portion 321 .
- the interpolation unit 321 is disposed at a position below the seedling portion 321 to facilitate obtaining seedlings from the seedling portion 321 .
- the interpolation portion 322 includes a planting arm for acquiring seedlings from the seedling portion 321 .
- the seed carrying portion 321 includes an extension plate that is telescopically coupled to the seed carrying portion 321 so that the seedling portion 321 carries a larger amount of seedlings.
- the transplanting unit 32 includes a preparation portion 323 for placing a ready seedling.
- the preparation portion 323 is horizontally disposed adjacent to the seed carrying portion 321 so that the operator can replenish the seedling placed in the preliminary portion 321 to the seedling portion 321 .
- the transplanting unit 32 includes a center pole 39 for aligning the traces drawn by the stick to maintain the row spacing.
- the center pole 39 may be disposed at a position of the preparation portion 321 , and the center pole 39 may be disposed in a folded manner.
- the operating system 30 includes an operating unit 34 for providing an operating position. That is, when the rice transplanter is used, the operator causes the rice transplanter to perform different actions by operating the operation unit 34, such as starting walking, stopping, reversing, turning, planting seedlings, and the like.
- the operating unit 34 controls the operation of the electric system 10 and the mechanical transmission system 20.
- the operating unit 34 includes a walking portion 341 for providing a hand-held position for the operator to grasp the running direction of the rice transplanter as a whole.
- the operator holds the hand held portion 341, such as the raised state, thereby pushing the rice transplanter.
- the operating unit 34 further includes a console 342 for centrally setting different operating components.
- the console 342 is adjacent to the hand 341, and in particular, can be disposed at an intermediate position of the hand 341, thereby facilitating the operator 342 to perform various operational actions.
- console 342 is provided with a drive master switch that includes functions such as stop, start, and illumination. That is to say, when it is necessary to start the rice transplanter, the operator can start by operating the drive main switch involved.
- the console 342 includes a main clutch handle having a closed state and a disengaged state.
- a main clutch handle having a closed state and a disengaged state.
- power of the drive unit 15 of the electric system 10 is transmitted, so that the rice transplanter can travel;
- the main clutch handle is in the disengaged state, The power transmission of the drive unit 15 of the electric system 10 is cut off so that the rice transplanter cannot travel.
- the console 342 includes a distance switch handle for adjusting the plant spacing of the planted seedlings. More specifically, the planting distance can be changed by the push-pull operation of the handle.
- the console 342 includes a steering clutch handle for effecting the left and right steering of the rice transplanter body.
- the console 342 includes a seedling amount adjustment handle for adjusting the amount of planting seedlings of the transplanting unit 32.
- the handle is set upwards and the amount of seedlings is increased.
- the handle is set downwards, and the amount of seedlings is reduced.
- Each adjustment partition has a variation of about 1 mm.
- the console 342 includes a planting depth adjustment hand for adjusting the depth of the planting seedlings of the transplanting unit 32.
- the handle is set to a shallow insertion upward and a deep insertion is set downward.
- console 342 various functional settings of the console 342 are merely illustrative of the functions that may be selected for setting, and the setting of the functionality of the console 342 is not a limitation of the present invention. In other embodiments of the invention, different operational functions may be added or subtracted as needed, and corresponding operational components may be configured to accommodate different needs.
- the main switch is driven such that the main clutch handle is in the engaged state, the operator is hand-held on the walking portion 341, the transplanter body is traveling on the road surface; when entering the paddy field, adjusting the operation table 342
- the planting handle is arranged such that the body of the rice transplanter is in a lowered state, is closer to the field, is convenient for transplanting work, and operates the planting handle to start the transplanting operation.
- the seedlings are placed in the seedling state 321 in a state of a population, and when the rice transplanter is operated, the seedling portion 321 is driven to move laterally so that the planting portion 322 is moved.
- the planting arm successively removes a certain number of seedlings, and inserts the seedlings into the soil according to the agronomic requirements when the transplanting trajectory is determined. After the insertion, the transplanting arm returns to replant the seedlings, and sequentially cycles and continues. Interpolation work.
- the electric rice transplanter of the present invention uses electric energy as a power source, and the working environment of the rice transplanter is usually in a paddy field, so the waterproof performance of the electric system 10 is the electric plug.
- the power source 11, the power management unit 12, and the control unit 14 of the electric system 10 involve a large number of circuits and integrated circuit components, and thus waterproofing is particularly important.
- the circuit module 100 includes a sealed case 110 for sealing the circuit components of the electric system 10 in a waterproof and insulating manner.
- an insulating layer 1101 is disposed in the sealed case 110 to insulate the circuit components inside the sealed case 110 from being insulated.
- the insulating layer 1101 may be added to the inner surface of the case by spraying or the insulating layer 1101 may be laminated in the case during the manufacturing process.
- the sealed case 110 has a certain hardness and mechanical strength, and can bear a certain weight in order to stably mount the power source 11, the circuit board, and the like inside thereof.
- the circuit module 100 includes the power source 11, the power management unit 12, and the control unit 14.
- the power source 11, the power management unit 12, and the control unit 14 are enclosed in the sealed box 110 to prevent moisture from contaminating the power source 11 when the rice transplanter is working in a paddy field.
- the power management unit 12 and the control unit 14 affect the operation of the circuit.
- the power source 11 , the power management unit 12 , and the control unit 14 are electrically connected to the display unit 13 and the driving unit 15 through the waterproof connection unit 120 .
- the power source 11 is the battery pack
- the circuits of the power management unit 12 and the control unit 14 are integrated on a circuit board
- the battery pack is electrically connected to the circuit board circuit.
- the battery pack and the circuit board are insulated and waterproofly mounted in the sealed case 110, and the battery pack and the circuit on the circuit board are electrically connected to external components through the waterproof connector 120, such as The driving unit 15 and the display unit 13.
- the waterproof connector 121 is implemented as an aeronautical connector.
- the battery pack and the circuit board circuit are electrically connected to the aeronautical connector, respectively.
- the external device When the external device is connected to the output of the aeronautical connector, it is electrically connected to the power source 11 and the circuit board circuit.
- the waterproof connection 120 is provided with two sets of different connectors of aeronautical connectors for connecting different types of circuits.
- the circuit module 100 is disposed under the preparation portion 323 of the transplanting unit 32, so that the preliminary portion 323 blocks the circuit module 100.
- the circuit module 100 relates to the operation of the circuit, and therefore waterproofing in various environments is an important aspect thereof.
- the circuit module 100 is disposed under the preparation portion 323. Therefore, when the rain and snow weather, the preparation portion 323 can block the rain and snow for the circuit module 100, so that the circuit module 100 reduces the damage of rain and snow.
- the high speed of the preparation unit 323 can be adjusted as needed, so that the height can be set according to the needs of the circuit module 100, so that the circuit module 100 is far away from the water surface when the rice transplanter is working in the paddy field. .
- the driving unit 15 is a motor 151
- the two ends of the motor 151 have a silicone pad
- the output shaft of the motor 151 is sealed with a waterproof oil-tight sealing oil, thereby Different aspects of improvement The waterproof performance and insulation performance of the motor 151 are described.
- the display unit 13 is disposed adjacent to the operating unit 34.
- the position of the handle portion 341 is described, and the height of the display unit 13 may be referred to by the height of the hand held portion 341, slightly higher than the handhold portion 341 or the lower portion of the hand held portion 341, thereby
- the display unit 13 can be away from the water surface in the paddy field to achieve a waterproof effect.
- the display unit 13 may be an electronic display screen that directly displays data such as voltage, current, temperature, and SOC measurement of the power source 11.
- the display unit 13 is a touch control screen, and the display unit 13 can not only display data but also has a function of touch screen operation, which is completed by operating on the touch control screen. Different control functions. That is, the function of the operating part of the operating unit 34 is set to the display unit 13, thereby providing a manner of electronically controlling the rice transplanter, not just a mechanical manual control.
- the electric rice transplanter operates in an open paddy field, which needs to achieve higher waterproof and dustproof standards, usually requiring IP65, and the circuit of the electric system 10 according to the present invention.
- the safety standard of the module 100 can reach IP66, which has good dustproof and waterproof performance.
- the electric rice transplanter has a waterproof layout structure with respect to the conventional fuel-operated rice transplanter.
- the sealed case 100 of the electric system 10 is disposed at a front portion of the rice transplanter, and the sealed case 100, the drive unit 15, the display unit 13, and the mechanical transmission system 20 all have a predetermined The heights are matched to each other to improve the waterproof performance of the electric system 10 and the mechanical transmission system, and have high operability.
- the electric rice transplanter uses electric energy as a driving energy source.
- the electric motor system 10 has a lower quality than a conventional fuel-driven system, and has high energy storage. Therefore, the overall quality of the rice transplanter is reduced, the actual operation process is more convenient, and the working time is longer.
- the electric rice transplanter performs a turning operation
- the operator usually needs to operate the handhold portion 341 to lift the body and steer the walking portion as a fulcrum.
- the electric rice transplanter according to the present invention is more convenient to perform when performing a similar turning operation due to its small mass, thereby reducing the physical strength of the operator. The cost.
- an electric rice transplanter in accordance with a second preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- an electric rice transplanter includes an electric system 910, a mechanical transmission system 920, and an operating system 930.
- the electric system 910 uses electric energy as a power source, and the electric system 910 drives the working system 930 through the mechanical transmission system 920 to perform a planting operation. That is, the operating system 930 is driven by the mechanical transmission system 920 to convert electrical energy into mechanical energy for operation.
- the fuel transmission method is to first convert the chemical energy of the fuel into heat energy through combustion, and then promote the internal combustion engine to work, and then convert the thermal energy into mechanical energy, and then pass the power transfer function.
- the mechanical energy is transmitted to different locations, namely: chemical energy ⁇ thermal energy ⁇ mechanical energy (with exhaust gas emissions), so the entire energy conversion transfer process is relatively complicated, cumbersome, and generates harmful gases during the combustion process.
- the present invention is also equivalent to transferring the process of generating fuel energy to other places, such as a power plant, or providing energy that is converted into kinetic energy in more different ways, such as thermal power and hydropower. Nuclear power, etc. Therefore, energy utilization is made more extensive.
- the electric energy is directly converted into mechanical energy, namely: electric energy ⁇ mechanical energy, which obviously simplifies the chain of energy conversion, thereby making the energy utilization more efficient, and it is well known that the electric energy has the advantages of being clean and convenient to use. Performance, so this change in power source will fundamentally improve the problems of the fuel type rice transplanter.
- the electric system is combined with the riding type rice transplanting machine, so that the riding type rice transplanting machine realizes high-speed rice transplanting.
- the power source is a set of lithium batteries, and the lithium battery provides working power for the rice transplanter.
- the power source 911 can select a specific type and quantity according to different needs, for example, a sealed lead storage battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a nickel-chromium battery, a polymer lithium battery. , zinc air battery, fuel cell, etc.
- the power source 911 can draw power from an electric bicycle or an electric vehicle to apply its power source to the rice transplanter. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the type and number of the power supplies 911 are not limited by the present invention. The above types are merely illustrative of the types that can be selected. In different embodiments, they can be configured according to actual application requirements.
- the electric system 910 includes a power management unit 912, and the power management unit 912 is electrically connected to the power source 911.
- the power management unit 912 is configured to monitor and manage the working states of the power source 911 and other units of the electric system 910.
- the power management unit 912 is a link between the power source 911 and the user. The working state of the power source 911 cannot be directly observed by the user. However, the power management unit 912 can monitor the working state of the power source 911 in real time. The working state of the entire electric system 910 can be known.
- the performance of the power supply 911 is relatively complicated, and the battery characteristics of different types are also very different.
- the power management unit 912 can monitor and control the working state of the power supply 911 in real time, improve the utilization rate of the battery, prevent the battery from being overcharged and over-discharged, and prolong the service life of the power supply 911.
- the power management unit 912 has a real-time communication function to more quickly manage the working states of the power source 911 and other devices, so that different components work in coordination with each other;
- the management unit 11 has a built-in charge management function (Charge Management), so that the power supply 911 can operate in a safety monitoring state when it is used twice and when charging is replenished;
- the power management unit 912 Having a State of Back-up (SOB), the electric system 910 can be monitored and managed in different states;
- the power management unit 912 has a State of Charge (SOC).
- SOB State of Back-up
- the power management unit 912 has a state of health (SOH), and collects terminal voltage and temperature, charge and discharge current, and total battery voltage of each battery of the power supply 911 in real time during battery charging and discharging.
- SOH state of health
- the working characteristic quantity prevents the battery pack from overcharging or overdischarging, and can timely give the battery condition, select the problematic battery, maintain the reliability and high efficiency of the whole battery operation, and make the remaining power estimation model.
- the history of each battery is also established to further optimize and develop new batteries.
- the power management unit 912 has a balance management function (Cell Balance Management), that is, equalizing charging of the single battery, Each battery in the battery pack reaches a balanced state.
- the power supply 911 of the electric rice transplanter is adapted to the power demand of the riding type rice transplanter to provide different power sources, and the unit 11 provides a power source for the mechanical transmission system, so that the Mechanical transmission system 920 obtains transmission kinetic energy.
- the power source 911 provides a power source for the operating system, so that the rice transplanter can have a certain bearing capacity, can walk on a road surface, can perform a transplanting operation, and the like.
- the display unit 913 is electrically connected to the power source 911, and obtains electric energy for displaying work from the power source 911.
- the display unit is disposed in front of the seating position of the operator, so that the operator can conveniently observe the working condition of the electric system 910 when the operator is seated in the electric rice transplanter. .
- the electric system 910 includes a control unit 914, and the control unit 914 is configured to be communicatively coupled to the power management unit 912, receive information collected by the power management unit 912, and feed back information.
- the control unit 914 is electrically connected to the power source 911, and the control power is obtained from the power source 911.
- the electric system 910 includes a drive unit 915 for driving the mechanical transmission system 920.
- the driving unit 915 is electrically connected to the control unit 914. That is, the control unit 914 controls the operation of the drive unit 915, and then controls the operation of the mechanical transmission system 920 by controlling the operation of the drive unit 915. More specifically, the control unit 914 acquires the electric energy supplied from the power source 911 by the power management unit 912, and transfers the electric energy to the driving unit 915, and controls the operation of the driving unit 915 to pass the driving.
- Unit 915 drives the mechanical transmission system 920 to operate, completing the process of converting electrical energy to mechanical energy.
- the electric motor 9151 may be an in-wheel motor that is disposed at a wheel position of the operating system 930, respectively. That is to say, the driving unit realizes the walking function of the electric rice transplanter by using an in-wheel motor, and realizes the transplanting operation by using other motors.
- the hub motor it is also possible to use the hub motor without using the hub motor, but other motors to achieve walking and transplanting operations.
- the type of the motor 9151 described above is merely of a type that can be employed as an example.
- the type of the motor 9151 of the drive unit 915 is not a limitation of the present invention, and other In the embodiment, different types of motors can be selected according to actual needs, and the outer casings are aligned to perform the above improvements.
- the mechanical transmission system 920 includes at least one transmission mechanism 921 that is drivingly coupled to the drive unit 915 and the operating system 930. That is, the transmission mechanism 921 converts the kinetic energy of the driving unit 915 of the electric system 910 into mechanical energy of different driving modes, and transmits them to different co-group positions of the working system 930. In other words, the driving unit 915 of the electric system 910 converts the electric energy provided by the power source 911 into the same form of mechanical energy, such as the kinetic energy of the motor gear or the shaft, and the transmission mechanism through the transmission system.
- the different working positions of the operating system 930 can realize different working actions, such as carrying, walking, transplanting, turning, etc., by means of the kinetic energy.
- the mechanical transmission system 920 includes a main clutch 922, a gearbox 923, and an output shaft 924.
- the main clutch 922 is drivingly connected between the motor 9151 of the driving unit 915 of the electric system 910 and the gearbox 923 for cutting off or transmitting the electric motor 9151 to transmit to the gearbox 923.
- the power of the gearbox 923 produces a variable speed torque through different gear combinations.
- the output shaft 924 is for outputting kinetic energy of the gearbox 923.
- the shift actuator 928 cooperates with the gearbox 923, and the control unit 914 controls the operation of the gearbox 923 by the shift actuator 928.
- Another of the speed sensors 925 cooperates with the output shaft 924 to feed back information of the output shaft 924 to the control unit 914.
- the working system 930 includes a walking unit 931, and the walking unit 931 is configured to complete a walking, turning, and the like movement of the rice transplanter, so that the rice transplanter can freely move the position.
- the mechanical transmission system 920 drives the operation of the walking unit 931.
- the motor 9151 of the drive unit 915 of the electric system 910 provides power to provide the power required for the travel unit 931 to operate.
- the electric control actuator 926 controls the operation of the electric motor 9151 so that the operation of the traveling unit 931 can be directly controlled; the main clutch 922 and the main clutch control actuator 927 cooperate to control the disconnection of the power Or the transmission 923 combines the shifting actuator 928 to convert the power into different gear positions and functions, so as to satisfy the different working states of the walking unit 931, such as planting, slow walking, fast walking, Road running, field work walking, etc.; the output shaft 924 outputs power of different functions to the transmission mechanism 921, thereby being transmitted to the traveling unit 931 to drive the walking unit 931 to perform different work contents.
- the operating system 930 includes a wheel set 9311 for supporting the walking of the rice transplanter.
- the electric system 910 is used to provide a power source for the wheel set 9311 to walk.
- the electric rice transplanter can not only walk in paddy fields, but also walk on ordinary roads. Therefore, the electric rice transplanter can walk to the field position by itself, unlike other types of rice transplanters that need to be transported to the field by the vehicle. That is, the electric system 910 can provide power for the electric rice transplanter in different walking states.
- the wheel set 9311 includes a set of front wheels 93311 and a set of rear wheels 93112.
- the set of front wheels 93111 are located at the front of the fuselage of the electric rice transplanter, and the set of rear wheels are located at the rear of the fuselage of the electric rice transplanter.
- the front wheel 93111 is used to support walking and steering.
- the walking unit 931 includes a floating boat group 9312 including a central pontoon and two side pontoons.
- the central pontoon 9312 and the two side pontoons are used for the rice transplanter to walk in a paddy field operation.
- the central floating vessel 9312 is disposed at a middle rear portion of the rice transplanter, and the two side floating vessels 9313 are correspondingly disposed at two sides of the central floating vessel 9312.
- the operating system 930 includes a transplanting unit 932 for performing a transplanting operation.
- the central pontoon and the two side pontoons are located below the transplanting unit 932.
- the walking unit 931 includes a lifting mechanism for lifting and lowering the transplanting unit 932, the central floating vessel and the two side floating vessels of the rice transplanting machine, thereby making the transplanting machine suitable For different walking and working conditions.
- the lifting mechanism causes the rice transplanting unit 932 of the rice transplanter to be in an elevated state, so that the operating unit 933 and the central floating ship and the two side floating ships are relatively far from the road surface.
- the lifting mechanism causes the transplanting device of the rice transplanter to perform the transplanting operation in the paddy field
- the unit 932 is in a lowered position such that the transplanting unit 932 and the central pontoon and the two side pontoons are relatively close to the field ground, thereby making the operating unit 933 suitable for work and causing the central pontoon and the two
- the side pontoon is suitable for floating in paddy fields.
- the walking unit 931 includes a seating portion 9314 for providing a seating position so that an operator can ride on the rice transplanter in synchronization with the rice transplanter while operating the rice transplanter.
- the electric rice transplanter provides a seating position and provides sufficient power so that the rice transplanter does not need to travel under the traction of the operator, and the operator does not need to walk. In the paddy field, this approach brings many advantages.
- the speed of the electric rice transplanter is not limited by the walking speed of the operator, and the walking speed of the rice transplanter can be greatly improved, especially when walking on the road surface, and the high speed form can be used without additional tool transportation.
- the operator greatly improving the working efficiency of the transplanting operation process, and for other non-riding type rice transplanters, the operator walks on the ground and provides traction, and the walking speed of the operator directly affects the walking speed of the rice transplanter; on the other hand, due to the electric The system 910 reduces the overall mass of the rice transplanter, so that the required driving force of the rice transplanter is reduced, so that more kinetic energy can be supplied to the transplanting unit 932, so that the rice transplanting speed of the rice transplanter can be increased;
- the electric rice transplanter uses electric energy as a power source, gas which pollutes the environment is not generated during walking and work, and damage to the body is reduced, and the high-speed rice transplanter is combined with the planting operation.
- the operator rides on the seat portion 9314, there is no need to walk on the paddy field. Therefore, on the other hand, it reduces the pollution of people in paddy fields and optimizes the working environment.
- the driving unit 915 of the electric system is disposed at a position below the seat portion 9314, so that the structure of the plug is arranged more reasonably, and the space position is fully utilized.
- the transplanting unit 932 includes a seedling portion 9321 and a planting portion 9322, wherein the seedling portion 9321 is used for placing a seedling, and the planting portion 9322 is used for The seedlings provided by the seedlings 9321 are inserted into the paddy field. That is to say, in the process of the planting operation, it is first necessary to place the planted seedlings on the seedlings 9321, and then the planting part 9322 obtains the seedlings from the seedlings 9321, and plant the seedlings. In the field.
- the seedling portion 9321 is disposed to extend downward to be adapted to slide the seedling root along the seedling portion 9321.
- the planting portion 9322 is disposed at a position below the seedling portion 9321 to facilitate obtaining seedlings from the seedling portion 9321.
- the planting portion 9322 includes a planting arm, and the planting arm rotatably circulates the seedling portion 9321 to obtain seedlings.
- the seed carrying portion 9321 includes an extension plate that is telescopically coupled to the seed carrying portion 9321 to increase the amount of seedlings carried by the seed carrying portion 9321.
- the transplanting unit 932 includes a preparation portion 9323 for placing a ready seedling.
- the preparation portion 9323 is horizontally disposed to facilitate the smooth placement of the seedlings. That is, when the seedlings of the seedling-loading portion 9321 are used up, the operator can obtain the preliminary seedlings from the preliminary portion 9323 and replenish it to the seedling-loading portion 9321, thereby ensuring the continuity of the transplanting and improving Work efficiency.
- the transplanting unit 932 includes a center pole 939 for aligning the marks drawn by the sticking rod to ensure the planting row spacing.
- the center pole 939 can be disposed at a front position of the seat portion 9314 of the walking unit 931, so that the operator can conveniently and accurately observe and judge the direction of the transplanting operation when the operator rides the rice transplanter. More specifically, the center pole 939 can be provided in a folded manner.
- the operating system 930 includes an operating unit 934 for operating and controlling the rice transplanter. Further, the operation unit 934 is disposed at a position in front of the seat portion 9314 of the walking unit 931 so that an operator can conveniently operate when riding on the seat portion.
- the operator controls the rice transplanter to perform different actions by operating the operation unit 934, such as road walking, stopping, reversing, turning, planting seedlings, and the like.
- the operating unit 934 controls the operation of the electric system 910 and the mechanical transmission system 20.
- the operating unit 934 includes a steering wheel 9341 for controlling the walking direction of the rice transplanter.
- the steering wheel 9341 is disposed in front of the seat portion 9314 so that the operator can conveniently operate the steering wheel 9341 when the operator rides on the seat portion 9314.
- the operating unit 934 also includes a console 9342 for centrally setting different operating components.
- the console 8342 is disposed in cooperation with the steering wheel 9341, so that the operator can perform different operation actions when riding on the seat portion 9314.
- console 9342 is provided with a drive master switch that includes functions such as stop, start, and illumination. That is to say, when it is necessary to start the rice transplanter, the operator can start by operating the drive main switch.
- the console 9342 includes a gear handle for adjusting different operating states of the rice transplanter.
- the gear handle includes a reverse gear, a shifting gear, a neutral gear and a forward gear.
- the setting of each of the gear positions enables the rice transplanter to be activated to achieve different operating states and to adjust different states.
- the reverse gear causes the rice transplanter to retreat;
- the transplanting gear controls the speed of the rice transplanter;
- the neutral gear allows the rice transplanter to operate; and the forward gear adjusts the speed of the rice transplanter. .
- the console 9342 includes a distance switch handle for adjusting the plant spacing of the planted seedlings. More specifically, the planting distance can be changed by the push-pull operation of the handle.
- the console 9342 includes a steering clutch handle for effecting the left and right steering of the rice transplanter body.
- the console 9342 includes a seedling amount adjustment handle for adjusting the amount of transplanted seedlings of the transplanting unit 932.
- the handle is set upwards and the amount of seedlings is increased.
- the handle is set downwards, and the amount of seedlings is reduced.
- Each adjustment partition has a variation of about 1 mm.
- the console 9342 includes a planting depth adjustment hand for adjusting the depth of the planting seedlings of the transplanting unit 932.
- the handle is set to a shallow insertion upward and a deep insertion is set downward.
- Driving the main switch such that the main clutch handle is in the engaged state, the operator rides on the rice transplanter, and holds the steering wheel 9341, the rice transplanter body travels on the road surface; when entering the paddy field, the adjustment station
- the planting handle of the console 9342 is such that the body of the rice transplanter is in a lowered state, is closer to the field, is convenient for transplanting, and operates the planting handle to start the transplanting operation.
- the seedlings are placed into the seedling portion 9321 in a state of a population, and when the rice transplanter is operated, the seedling portion 9321 is driven to move laterally so that the planting portion 9322 is moved.
- the planting arm successively removes a certain number of seedlings, and inserts the seedlings into the soil according to the agronomic requirements when the transplanting trajectory is determined. After the insertion, the transplanting arm returns to replant the seedlings, and sequentially cycles and continues. Interpolation work.
- the electric rice transplanter of the present invention uses electric energy as a power source, and the working environment of the rice transplanter is usually in a paddy field, so the waterproof performance of the electric system 910 is the electric plug.
- the power supply 911, the power management unit 912, and the control unit 914 of the electric system 910 are involved in a large number of circuits and integrated circuit components, and thus waterproofing is particularly important.
- a circuit module 9100 of the electric system 910 is in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the circuit module 9100 includes a sealed case 9110 for sealing the circuit components of the electric system 910 in a waterproof and insulating manner.
- an insulating layer 91101 is disposed in the sealed case 9110 to insulate the circuit components inside the sealed case 9110.
- the insulating layer 91101 may be added to the inner surface of the case by spraying or the laminated insulating layer 91101 may be laminated in the case during the manufacturing process.
- the insulating case 9110 has a certain hardness and mechanical strength, and can bear a certain weight in order to stably mount the power source 911, the circuit board, and the like inside thereof.
- the circuit module 9100 includes a waterproof connection portion 9120 disposed on the sealed case body 9110, and the waterproof connection portion 9120 is used for waterproofing and electricing of external devices and circuit components in the sealed case 9110. connection.
- the circuit module 9100 includes the power source 911, the power management unit 912, and the control unit 914.
- the power source 911, the power management unit 912, and the control unit 914 are enclosed in the sealed box 9110 to prevent water from contaminating the power source 911 when the rice transplanter is working in a paddy field.
- the power management unit 912 and the control unit 914 affect the operation of the circuit.
- the power source 911, the power management The unit 912 and the control unit 914 are electrically connected to the display unit 913 and the driving unit 915 through the waterproof connection portion 9120.
- the power source 911 is the battery pack
- the circuits of the power management unit 912 and the control unit 914 are integrated in a circuit board
- the battery pack is electrically connected to the circuit board circuit.
- the battery pack and the circuit board are insulated and waterproofly mounted in the sealed case 9110, and the battery pack and the circuit on the circuit board are electrically connected to an external component through the waterproof connector 120, such as The driving unit 915 and the display unit 913.
- the waterproof connection portion 9120 includes at least one waterproof connector 9121, and the waterproof connector 9121 is disposed on a sidewall of the sealed case 9110.
- the waterproof connector 9121 is implemented as an aeronautical connector.
- the battery pack and the circuit board circuit are electrically connected to the aeronautical connector, respectively.
- the external device When the external device is connected to the output of the aeronautical connector, it is electrically connected to the power source 911 and the circuit board circuit.
- the driving unit 915 is a motor 9151
- the two ends of the motor 9151 have a silicone pad
- the output shaft of the motor 9151 is sealed with a waterproof and oil-tight sealing oil, thereby Different aspects improve the waterproof performance and insulation performance of the motor 9151.
- the display unit 913 is disposed adjacent to the operating unit 934.
- the position of the steering wheel 341, while the height of the display unit 913 can be referred to by the height of the steering wheel 341, slightly higher than the steering wheel 341 or the steering wheel 341, so that the display unit 913 can be away from the paddy field.
- the water surface to achieve a waterproof effect.
- the display unit 913 may be an electronic display screen that directly displays data such as voltage, current, temperature, and SOC measurement of the power source 911.
- the display unit 913 is a touch control screen, and the display unit 913 can not only display data but also has a function of touch screen operation, which is completed by operating on the touch control screen. Different control functions. That is, the function of the operation unit of the operation unit 934 is set to the display unit 913, thereby providing an electronically operated manner to control the rice transplanter, not just the mechanical manual control.
- the electric rice transplanter works in an open paddy field, which needs to achieve higher waterproof and dustproof standards, usually requiring IP65, and the circuit of the electric system 910 according to the present invention.
- the safety standard of the module 9100 can reach IP66, which has good dustproof and waterproof performance.
- the electric rice transplanter has a waterproof layout structure with respect to the conventional fuel-operated rice transplanter.
- the sealed box body 9110 of the electric system 910 is disposed at a front portion of the rice transplanter, and the sealed box body 9110, the driving unit 915, the display unit 913, and the mechanical transmission system 920 have predetermined The heights are matched to each other to improve the waterproof performance of the electric system 910 and the mechanical transmission system, and have high operability.
- the electric rice transplanter uses electric energy as a driving energy source.
- the electric motor system 910 has a smaller quality than a conventional fuel-driven system, and has high energy storage. So that the said The overall quality of the rice transplanter is reduced, making it easier to handle the actual process and with longer working hours. For example, when the electric rice transplanter performs a turning operation, the operator usually needs to operate the hand grip to lift the body, and the walking portion is used as a fulcrum for steering.
- the electric rice transplanter according to the present invention is more convenient to perform in a similar turning operation due to its small mass, thereby reducing the physical strength of the operator. Cost.
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Abstract
电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述电动插秧机包括一电动系统(10)、一机械传动系统(20)以及一作业系统(30)。所述机械传动系统(20)被可驱动地设置于所述电动系统(10),所述作业系统(30)被可驱动地设置于所述机械传动系统(20),其中所述电动系统(10)将电能转化为动能而产生动力,所述机械传动系统(20)将动力传输至所述作业系统(30),从而所述作业系统(30)进行插秧。
Description
本发明涉及插秧机领域,更进一步,涉及一电动插秧机及其应用。
农业是人类生存发展的基础,为人们提供最基本的生活保障。随着科学技术的发展,农业生产方式也不断进步,从原始的人工、畜力的耕作方式,逐渐变成机械化的生产方式,极大地解放了生产劳动力、提高了生产效率。
现有的机械农机中,燃油动力源直接替代传统的人力、畜力等驱动方式,驱动农机执行不同的农业生产动作,因此,动力源是机械农机一个重要组成部分。插秧机是机械农机中的一种及其重要的农机类型,与机械动力的发展相应,现有的机械农机动力大部分采用燃油机械作为动力源。在长期的应用过程中,燃油机械为人们来带来众多福利、节省了大量的劳动力,但是同时存在着其自身带来的弊端,也是人们越来越重视的方面:环境污染。
传统的燃油机械通常借助发动机将燃料燃烧产生的热能转变为机械能,燃料通常为柴油或汽油。众所周知,基于动力产生的原理,柴油或汽油在燃烧过程中产生大量的污染物,比如碳氢化合物(HC)尾气中的苯、甲苯和二甲苯、氮氧化合物(NO)、一氧化碳(CO)、二氧化硫(SO2)以及臭氧(O3)等。这些污染物不仅污染环境,而且直接影响人类身体健康。更重要的是,在农业生产过程中,一方面操作人员与动力部分都置于开放环境中,且动力部分与人的距离都相对较近,因此相对于汽车等具有相对封闭空间的机械,农机操作者身体受到的直接伤害要远大于其他燃油机械的操作者;另一方面,鉴于制造成本以及技术难度的考虑,对于农机尾气的净化处理程度要远远低于汽车。因此,环境污染是燃油机械存在的一个极大弊端,尤其是在当今越来越重视环境保护、努力寻求环境友好型的发展方式的情况下,这些弊端显得尤为突出。
另一方面,虽然燃油机械动力已经是发展的相当成熟的技术,但是基于其基本的工作原理,燃油机械的机械复杂程度较高,且难以降低,再结合应用于农机中各种机械工作部件,这使得整个机械农机的体积较大,行走、控制都不便利。
进一步,复杂的机械程度以及燃油的方式,使得现有的机械农机自身的重量都较大,而基于具体的生产作业方式,一些生产作业需要人工操作,机械重量无疑是影响操作便利性的一个重要方面,需要耗费大量的体力。
一种农机产品的发展不能脱离相关的其他技术的发展,但是同时要结合其具体的产品需求。比如,机械农机的动力发展离不开汽车领域动力源的发展,但是由于二者具有不同的工作环境,不同的应用要求,因此机械农机并不能直接应用汽车动力源。插秧机是众多机械农机中的一种重要类型,同样存在上述的各种弊端,同时由于其自身特殊的生产作业环境,对动力源部分也存在特殊的要求。众所周知,插秧机,特别是水稻插秧机,一般子在水田中作业、耕种土地松软,这是插秧机不同于其他类型农机的工作环境的最大特点,因此,动力源
的防水性是需要考虑的重要方面。
综上,很需要一种可以替代现有的燃油方式、解决环境污染、身体伤害、操作便利性差等弊端,且能够结合插秧这种具体生产作业需求的插秧机。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述插秧机以电能为动力源进行驱动插秧,减少在插秧作业过程中对环境的污染以及对人体的直接伤害。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述插秧机包括一电动系统,其通过电能驱动插秧作业,且适应水田作业环境。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述插秧机的所述电动系统用于驱动所述插秧机工作,并且所述电动系统能够适应所述插秧机的水中工作环境。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述电动系统与乘坐型插秧机结合,提高插秧机的行走速度,提高插秧机的工作效率,实现高速插秧。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述插秧机采用电力驱动替代传统的燃油机械,不需要燃油装置,简化了机械复杂程度,所述插秧机整体重量降低,提高操作便利性。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述插秧机包括一电源管理单元,以监测、控制电源工作状态,使得所述插秧机能够稳定、安全地工作。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述插秧机的驱动部分的结构布局结合整体的质量布局设计,在保证正常工作的基础上,提高可操作性。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述电动系统适于驱动所述插秧机工作,使得所述插秧机在工作时不会产生污染环境的废气,不会伤害身体健康。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述电动系统的结构设计具有良好的防水性能,使得所述电动系统适于所述插秧机的水中作业环境。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述电动系统为插秧机不同部位提供不同动力,使得插秧机高速工作。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动插秧机及其应用,其中所述电动系统通过电源管理的方式,提供稳定可靠的电能动力源,使得插秧机在电能动力源下稳定、可靠地作业。
依本发明的一个方面,本发明提供一电动手扶插秧机,其包括:
一电动系统;
一机械传动系统;以及
一作业系统;其中所述电动系统以电能为动力源,所述电动系统通过所述机械传动系统驱动所述作业系统进行插秧作业。
依本发明的另一个方面,本发明进一步提供一电动高速插秧机,其包括:
一电动系统;和
一作业系统;所述作业系统包括一插秧单元和一行走单元,所述行走单元适于操作人员乘坐地行走,所述电动系统以电能驱动所述插秧单元和所述行走单元,以使得所述插秧机在操作人员乘坐时高速地作业。
图1是根据本发明的一个优选实施例的电动插秧机的整体框图。
图2是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的一工作关系示意图。
图3是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的一电源管理单元功能示意图。
图4是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的控制单元工作关系示意图。
图5A和图5B是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的一实施方式的不同角度立体示意图。
图6A、图6B以及图6C是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的不同应用状态示意图。
图7A和图7B是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的上述实施方式的电源管理单元的一具体实施方式示意图。
图8是根据本发明的一个优选实施例的电动插秧机的整体框图。
图9是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的一工作关系框图。
图10是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的电源管理单元功能示意图。
图11是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的控制单元关系框图。
图12A和图12B是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的一实施方式的不同角度立体示意图。
图13A是根据本发明上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的路面行走示意图。
图13B是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的水田行走示意图。
图13C是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的取苗示意图。
图13D是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的插植示意图。
图14A和图14B是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动插秧机的上述实施方式的电源管理单元的一具体实施方式示意图。
以下描述用于揭露本发明以使本领域技术人员能够实现本发明。以下描述中的优选实施例只作为举例,本领域技术人员可以想到其他显而易见的变型。在以下描述中界定的本发明的基本原理可以应用于其他实施方案、变形方案、改进方案、等同方案以及没有背离本发明的精神和范围的其他技术方案。
水稻插秧机是将水稻秧苗定植在水田中的种植机械农机,其代替人工栽植秧苗的过程,通过机械作业节省劳动力,提高插秧的功效和栽插质量,实现合理密植,有利于后续作业的机械化,因此插秧机的应用使得水稻种植得以实现机械化,且使得后续的管理、收割过程便于通过机械完成。全世界有近一半人口都以大米为主食,水稻是人类不可以缺少的一种农作物,因此插秧机的改进发展对于农业生产以及人类生活具有重要的意义。正如前述所述,插秧机经过长期的发展,单从机械性能方面来讲,插秧机已经进入比较完善的技术程度,不同的功能、不同类型、不同结构的插秧机层出不穷,可是这些改进大都是以燃油机械动力为基础的层面上进行改进。一方面由于燃油动力技术的成熟性,应用相对方便;另一方面,由于动力是机械农机的重要部分,涉及工作的安全可靠性,因此整体插秧机领域的发展长期延续
以燃油动力为基础。可是也正如前述所述,基于燃油机械的工作原理以及相应的机械结构,其存在众多的不利因素,如环境污染、对身体的伤害、机械结构复杂、质量大、操作便利性差等等,而这些不利因素都是燃油机械本身不能克服的方面,因此,要克服诸如上述不利因素,需要从农机的动力源入手,从替代燃油动力的根本入手,从而进一步来解决上述的问题。而根据本发明的实施例,旨在于提供一电动插秧机,其以电能为动力源来提供动能,而不是像传动的燃油机械,通过燃烧燃料来提供动力源,从而在驱动插秧机工作的过程中,将电能转变为机械能,不会产生任何有害气体而污染环境,操作人员也不会因为距离近而吸入有害气体而伤害身体。进一步,所述电动插秧机的电动系统以水稻的基本作业环境要求为基础,在设计的过程中充分考虑防水性能,使得插秧机能够以电能为动力源,且能够在水田中正常工作进行插秧。此外,所述电动插秧机从整体结构布局将防水与操作的便利性、工作的稳定性相结合,使得手扶插秧机的整体工作性能提高。
如图1至图7B所示,是根据本发明的第一个优选实施例的电动插秧机。参照图1至图7B,根据本发明的一实施例,本发明提供一电动插秧机,其包括一电动系统10、一机械传动系统20和一作业系统30。
所述电动系统10以电能为动力源,所述电动系统10通过所述机械传动系统20驱动所述作业系统30进行插秧作业。也就是说,所述作业系统30被所述机械传动系统20驱动将电能转化为机械能而进行工作。不同于传统的燃油机械农机的能量转化利用方式,燃油传动的方式是首先将燃料的化学能燃烧转变为热能,进而推动内燃机做功,继而将热能转变为机械能,再经过传动作用将动能传递至不同的作业位置,即:化学能→热能→机械能(伴随废气排放),因此整个能量转化传递过程都相对复杂、繁琐,且在燃烧转化过程中产生有害气体。而在本发明中,相当于将燃烧燃油而产生能量的过程转移至其他地方,如电厂,或者说可以以不同的方式来提供转变为动能的能量,如火电、水电、核电等,因此使得能源的利用更加广泛。而在此处应用时,直接将电能转变为机械能,即:电能→机械能,简化了能量转化的链条,从而使得能源利用效率更高,而且众所周知,电能具有其清洁、利用方便等优越性,因此这种动力源的变化,将从根本上改进燃油机械农机存在的问题。
以下进一步详细说明,电能如何与插秧机结合以及如何适应插秧机的水田作业环境。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述电动系统10包括一电源11,所述电源11为所述电动系统10提供电能。特别地,在本发明的一实施例中,所述电源11为一组电池,所述电池被相互电连接,比如所述电池可以通过并联的方式被相互电连接,为整个所述插秧机提供需要的工作能量。优选地,在本发明的一实施例中,所述电源11为一组锂电池,所述锂电池组为所述插秧机提供工作电能。而在本发明的其他实施例中,所述电源11可以根据不同的需要选择具体的类型和数量,举例地可以选择,密封式铅蓄电池、镍氢电池、镍铬电池、聚合物锂电池、锌空电池、燃料电池、太阳能电池、生物电池等。而且在一些实施方式中,所述电源可以借鉴电动自行车或电动汽车的电源,将其电源结合应用于所述插秧机。本领域的技术人员应当理解的是,所述电源11的类型和数量不是本发明的限制,上述类型仅作为举例说明可以选择的类型,在不同的实施中,可以根据实际应用需求配置。
进一步,根据本发明的一实施例,所述电动系统10包括一电源管理单元12,所述电源
管理单元12电连接于所述电源11。所述电源管理单元12用于监测、管理所述电源11以及所述电动系统10整体的工作状态。所述电源管理单元12是所述电源11与用户之间的纽带,所述电源11的工作状态不能被直接观察到,可是通过所述电源管理单元12却能实时监测所述电源11的工作状态,可以了解到整个所述电动系统10的工作状态。对于现有的一些可充电电池,在重复循环使用的过程中,存在一些缺点,如存储能量少、寿命短、串并联使用问题、使用安全性、电池电量估算难等,因此电源的性能相对复杂,不同类型电池的电池特性也相差很大,而所述电源管理单元12却可以实时地监测、控制所述电源11的工作,提高电池的利用率,防止电池出现过度充电和过度放电,延长所述电源11的使用寿命。
更进一步,所述电源管理单元12具备多种功能,以更加协调地管理所述电动系统10整体的协调、安全地工作。所述电源管理单元12具有保护功能(Protection),能够实时地监测、控制所述电源11,保护所述电源11安全的工作;所述电源管理单元12具有数据存储的功能(Date Storage),将监测的数据进行存储分析,从而便于得到更加可靠的分析结果;所述电源管理单元12具有电压、温度监测的功能(Voltage&Temperature Measurement),实时监测所述电源11及相关设备的工作电压、温度等电特性,提供数据分析的基础信息;所述电源管理单元12具有实时通信功能(Communication),从而可以更加快捷地管理所述电源11以及其他设备的工作状态,使得不同部件互相协调地工作;所述电源管理单元12有内置充电管理功能(Charge Management),从而使得所述电源11在重复使用以及进行充电补充时,都可以在安全监测状态下工作;所述电源管理单元12具有后备态管理功能(State of Back-up,SOB),使得所述电动系统10在不同的状态下都能够得到监控管理;所述电源管理单元12具有电量计量功能(State of Charge,SOC),准确估测动力电池组的荷电状态,估测电池剩余电量,保证SOC维持在合理的范围内,防止由于过度充电或者过度放电对电池造成损伤,并随时显示所述电源11的剩余电量;所述电源管理单元12具有健康状态动态监测功能(State of Health,SOH),在电池充放电过程中,实时采集所述电源11中的每个电池的端电压和温度、充放电电流及电池组总电压,防止电池组发生过充电或过放电现象,同时能够及时给出电池状况,挑选出有问题的电池,保持整组电池运行的可靠性和高效性,使剩余电量估计模型的实现成为可能,此外,还建立每个电池的使用历史档案,为进一步优化和开发新型电池、充电器、电动机等提供资料,为离线分析系统故障提供依据;所述电源管理单元12具有均衡管理功能(Cell Balance Management),即为单体电池均衡充电,使电池组中各个电池都到达均衡一致的状态。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述电动系统10包括一显示单元13,用于显示所述电动系统10的各种工作状态参量。所述显示单元13通信连接于所述电源管理单元12,从而配合所述电源管理单元12显示所述电源管理单元12采集的各种监控信息。特别地,在一实施例中,所述显示单元13显示电压、电流、温度、SOC计量等数据。更具体地,在所述插秧机的结构设计的过程中,所述显示单元10可以设置于靠近操作位置处,从而便于操作人员实时观察电源工作状态。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述电动系统10包括一控制单元14,所述控制单元通信连接于所述电源管理单元12,并且接收所述电源管理单元12采集的信息,并且反馈控制信息至
所述电源管理单元12,通过所述电源管理单元12控制所述电源11的工作。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述电动系统10包括一驱动单元15,用于驱动所述机械传动系统20。所述驱动单元15电连接于所述控制单元14和所述电源11,所述机械传动系统20被可驱动地连接于所述驱动单元15,也就是说,所述控制单元14控制所述驱动单元15的工作,继而通过控制所述驱动单元15控制所述机械传动系统20的工作。具体地,所述控制单元14由所述电源管理单元12获取所述电源11提供的电能,并且传递电能至所述驱动单元15,从而通过所述驱动单元15将电能转变为机械能。换言之,所述控制单元14能够控制所述电源11将电能提供给所述驱动单元15,并且所述驱动单元15能够通过将电能转化为动能的方式产生动力,在后续,所述驱动单元15产生的动力能够被通过所述机械传动系统20传输至所述作业系统30,从而驱动所述作业系统30作业。
所述控制单元14控制所述驱动单元15和所述机械传动系统20工作过程。
特别地,在一实施例中,所述驱动单元15包括至少一电动机151,所述控制单元14由所述电源管理单元12获取电能,并且传递电能至所述电动机151,所述电动机151在电能的作用下转动工作,将电能转变为转动的机械能,从而可以通过所述电动机151驱动所述机械传动系统20工作,进而通过所述机械传动系统20传动所述作业系统30完成插秧作业过程。也就是说,所述电动机151被连接于所述电源11,所述机械传动系统20被可驱动地连接于所述电动机151。
特别地,在本发明的一实施例中,所述电动机151为轮毂电机,分别被设置于所述作业系统30的车轮位置。
基于插秧机插秧栽植工作的需求,所述电动机151需要较强的转矩和较高的绝缘性,在本发明中的一实施例中,所述电动机151采用免维护、结构简单、调速范围广的交流变频电机。另一方面,所述电动插秧机在运行转弯时,一般需要翘起前端才能实施转弯功能,因此对所述电动机151的重量要求较高,在一实施例中,所述电动机151采用鼠笼式交流电机,并在定子外面采用铝合金作为外壳,在所述电动机151的两端盖采用铝合金压铸工艺,从而减轻了所述电动机151的质量,同时增加了所述电动机151的散热性能。
所述机械传动系统20包括至少一传动机构21,所述传动机构21传动连接所述驱动单元15的所述电动机151和所述作业系统30。也就是说,通过所述传动机构21将所述电动系统10的所述驱动单元15的动能转变为不同驱动方式的机械能,传递至所述作业系统30的不同工作位置。也就是说,所述电动系统10的所述驱动单元15将电能转变为同一形式的机械能,如电机齿轮或轴转动的动能,而通过所述机械传动系统20的所述传动机构21分别将第一次转化的所述机械能通过不同连接机构,如齿轮、轴、皮带、花键、曲轴等,将所述驱动单元15的动能传递并且转变为适宜的各种驱动方式至所述插秧机的所述作业系统30的不同工作位置,如插秧位置、行走位置等,从而可以借助所述动能实现不同的作业动作,比如插秧、行走、转向等。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述机械传动系统20包括一主离合器22、一变速箱23和一输出轴24。所述主离合器22传动连接于所述电动系统10的所述驱动单元15的所述电动机151和所述变速箱23之间,用于切断或传递所述电动机151传递向所述变速箱23的输入的
动力,所述变速箱23通过不同的齿轮组合产生变速变矩;所述输出轴24用于将所述变速箱23的动能进行输出。
所述机械传动系统20还包括至少一转速传感器25、一电动控制执行机构26、一主离合器控制执行机构27和一换挡驱动执行结构28。其中一所述转速传感器25以及所述电动控制执行机构26与所述电动机151相配合工作,所述转速传感器25反馈所述电动机151的转速信息至所述控制单元14,所述控制单元14通过所述电动控制执行机构26控制所述电动机151的工作,以便于所述插秧机实现不同的运动动作,如启动、停止、向前、倒退、转弯等。所述主离合器控制执行机构27与所述主离合器22相配和,所述控制单元14通过所述主离合器控制执行机构27控制所述主离合器22的工作。所述换挡驱动执行机构28与所述变速箱23相配合,所述控制单元14通过所述换挡驱动执行机构28控制所述变速箱23的工作。另一所述转速传感器25与所述输出轴相配合,反馈信息至所述控制单元14。
在传动过程中,所述驱动单元15的所述电动机151传递动能至所述主离合器22并且反馈信息所述转速传感器25,所述主离合器22控制动能的传递通断,且在所述主离合器22闭合的状态下传递动能至所述变速箱23,通过所述变速箱23改变不同的运行状态,并且通过所述输出轴24将适宜的动能输出,且通过所述转速传感器反馈转速信息至所述控制单元14。而另一方面,所述控制单元14根据接收的信息,如所述转速传感器的信息,通过所述电动控制执行机构26控制所述电动机151的工作;通过所述主离合器控制执行机构27控制所述主离合器22的工作;通过所述换挡驱动执行机构28控制所述变速箱23的工作。
进一步,根据本发明的一实施例,所述作业系统30包括一行走单元31,所述行走单元31用于完成所述插秧机的行走、转弯等运动动作,使得所述插秧机能够自由移动位置。所述机械传动系统20驱动、控制所述行走单元的工作。具体地,所述电动系统10的所述驱动单元15的所述电动机151提供动力以提供所述行走单元31动作需要的动力,所述电动控制执行机构26控制所述电动机151的工作,从而可以直接控制所述行走单元31的动作;所述主离合器22和所述主离合器控制执行机构27相配合控制所述动力的断开或传递;所述变速箱23结合所述换挡执行机构28将动力转变为不同档位及功能,从而提供所述行走单元31不同的工作状态,如插植、慢速行走、快速行走等;所述输出轴24将所述不同功能的动力输出至所述传动机构21,从而传动至所述行走单元31,从而驱动所述行走单元31执行不同的作业内容。
进一步,所述行走单元31包括一组车轮311,所述车轮适于在水田中行走。优选地,所述车轮311是带有轮毂电机的车轮,如图11所示。
所述行走单元31包括一升降机构,用于升降所述插秧机的机身,从而使得所述插秧机适于不同的路况。比如,在非耕种地段时,使得所述插秧机处于一抬高位置,方便快速的地行走;在水田中,使得所述插秧机处于一降低位置,使得所述插秧机适于插秧,且行走更加稳定。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述行走单元31包括一中央浮船312和两侧浮船313,所述中央浮船312与所述两侧浮船313用于支撑所述插秧机,使其适于在水田中作业。所述中央浮船312设置于所述一组车轮311的中间位置,所述两侧浮船313分别设置于所述一组车轮
311的两侧位置。
在本发明的这个实施例以及附图中以所述电动插秧机的为例进行说明,在本发明的其他实施例,还可以有不同的类型和结构形状,本领域的技术人员应当理解的是,所述行走单元31的类型及结构形状并不是本发明的限制。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述作业系统30包括一插秧单元32,所述插秧单元32用于完成插秧作业。
所述插秧单元32包括一载苗部321和一插植部322,所述载苗部321用于放置插植秧苗,所述插植部322用于将所述载苗部321提供的秧苗插值至水田中。也就是说,在插植作业过程中,将要栽植的秧苗放置于所述载苗部321,所述插值部322从所述载苗部321获取秧苗,并将秧苗栽植于田地中。所述载苗部321向下延伸地设置,以适于将秧苗根部沿所述载苗部321滑下。所述插值部321设置于所述载苗部321下方位置,以便于从所述载苗部321获取秧苗。特别地,在本发明的一实施例,所述插值部322包括一插植臂,所述插值臂用于从所述载苗部321获取秧苗。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述载苗部321包括一延长板,可伸缩地连接于所述载苗部321,以便于所述载苗部321承载更多量的秧苗。
所述插秧单元32包括一预备部323,所述预备部323用于放置预备秧苗。所述预备部323水平设置,靠近于所述载苗部321,以便于操作者将所述预备部321中放置的秧苗补充至所述载苗部321。
特别地,在本发明的一实施例中,所述插秧单元32包括一中心标杆39,所述中心标杆39用于对准划线杆所划出来痕迹来保持插植行距。具体地,所述中心标杆39可以设置于所述预备部321所在位置,且所述中心标杆39可以收折地设置。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述作业系统30包括一操作单元34,所述操作单元34用于提供操作位置。也就是说,在使用所述插秧机时,操作人员通过操作所述操作单元34使得所述插秧机执行不同动作,比如开始行走、停止、倒退、转弯、插植秧苗等。所述操作单元34控制所述电动系统10、所述机械传动系统20的工作。
所述操作单元34包括一手扶部341,所述手扶部341用于提供手扶位置,方便操作人员掌握所述插秧机整体的运行方向。当使用所述插秧机时,操作人员手扶于所述手扶部341,如抬起的状态,从而推行所述插秧机。
所述操作单元34还包括一操作台342,用于集中设置不同的操作部件。所述操作台342靠近于手扶部341,特别地,可以设置于所述手扶部341中间位置,从而方便操作人员342执行各种操作动作。
进一步,所述操作台342设有一驱动总开关,其包括停止、起动以及照明等功能。也就是说,当需要启动所述插秧机时,操作人员可以通过操作所涉及驱动总开关进行启动。
所述操作台342包括一主离合器手柄,所述主离合器手柄具有一合状态和一离状态。当所述主离合器手柄处于所述合状态时,所述电动系统10的所述驱动单元15的动力被传递,使得所述插秧机得以行进;当所述主离合器手柄处于所述离状态时,所述电动系统10的所述驱动单元15的动力传递被切断,使得所述插秧机不能行进。
所述操作台342包括一插植手柄,所述插值手柄包括一插植开始状态、一插植停止状态、一车轮自动上下状态、一机体下降固定状态以及一机体上升状态。当所述插值手柄处于插植开始状态时,所述插秧单元32进行插秧工作;当所述插植手柄处于插植停止状态时,所述插秧单元32停止插秧工作;当所述插值手柄处于车轮自动上下状态时,所述插秧机机身高度被调节;当所述插值手柄处于固定状态时,所述插秧机机体下降且高度被固定;当所述插植手柄处于机体上升状态时,所述插秧机机体上升。
所述操作台342包括一档位手柄,用于调节所述插秧机不同的工作状态。所述档位手柄包括一后退挡、一插秧挡、一空挡和一前进挡。各所述档位的设置使得所述插秧机能够启动实现不同的工作状态,并且对不同的状态进行调节。如,所述后退挡使得所述插秧机进行后退;所述插秧挡控制所述插秧机插秧的速度;所述空挡使得所述插秧机可以运转;所述前进挡调节所述插秧机行进的速度。
所述操作台342包括一株距切换手柄,用于调节栽植秧苗的株距。更具体地,可以通过手柄的推拉操作来变换插植株距。
所述操作台342包括一转向离合器手柄,用于使得所述插秧机机体实现左右转向。
所述操作台342包括一取苗量调节手柄,用调节所述插秧单元32的插植秧苗量。在一实施例中,手柄向上设定,取苗量变多。手柄往下设定,取苗量变少。每一调节隔断约有1mm的变化量。
所述操作台342包括一插植深度调剂手,用于调节所述插秧单元32的插植秧苗深度。在实施例中,手柄往上设定为浅插,往下设定为深插。
本领域的技术人员应当理解的是,所述操作台342的各种功能的设置仅作为举例来说明可以选择设置的功能,所述操作台342功能的设置并不是本发明的限制。在发明的其他实施例中可以根据需求在增加或减少不同的可操作功能,并且配置相应的操作部件,从而适应不同的需求。
在所述插秧机行径于路面、未进行插秧工作时,调节所述操作台342的所述插植手柄,使得所述插秧机机体处于抬升状态,距离地面较高,方便在地面行走,开启所述驱动总开关,使得所述主离合器手柄处于合状态,操作人员手扶于所述手扶部341,所述插秧机机体在路面行进;当进入水田中时,调节所述操作台342的所述插植手柄,使得所述插秧机的机体处于降低状态,距离田地较近,便于插秧工作,并且操作所述插植手柄开始插秧作业。
在进行插秧前,秧苗以群体状体状态放入所述载苗部321,在所述插秧机进行工作时,所述载苗部321被驱动进行横向移动,使得所述插植部322的所述插植臂逐次分格取走一定数量的秧苗,在插秧轨迹被确定情况下,按农艺要求将秧苗插入泥土中,插入后,所述插植臂返回重新取苗栽植,依次循环,持续进行插秧作业。
在这里需要进一步说明的是,本发明的所述电动插秧机采用电能作为动力源,而所述插秧机的工作环境通常是在水田中,因此所述电动系统10的防水性能是所述电动插秧机的一个重要方面。尤其是所述电动系统10的所述电源11、所述电源管理单元12以及所述控制单元14涉及较多的电路以及集成电路部件,因此防水尤为重要。
参照图7A和图7B,是根据本发明的一优选实施例的所述电动系统10的一电路模块100。
所述电路模块100包括一密封箱体110,所述密封箱体110用于防水地、绝缘地密封所述电动系统10的电路部件。
在一实施例中,所述密封箱体110内设置一绝缘层1101,以绝缘的保护所述密封箱体110内部的电路部件。举例地,在制造过程中可以以喷涂的方式在所述箱体的内表面添加所述绝缘层1101或者在所述箱体内叠层地设置所述绝缘层1101。特别地,所述密封箱体110具有一定硬度与机械强度,能够承担一定的重量,以便于将所述电源11、所述电路板等部件稳定的安装于其内部。
进一步,所述电路模块100包括一防水连接部120,其被设置于所述密封箱体110,所述防水连接部120用于外部设备与所述密封箱体110内的电路部件的防水地电连接。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述电路模块100包括所述电源11、所述电源管理单元12以及所述控制单元14。所述电源11、所述电源管理单元12和所述控制单元14被封闭于所述密封箱体110内,以防止所述插秧机的在水田中作业时,水分污染所述电源11、所述电源管理单元12以及所述控制单元14,影响电路工作。所述电源11、所述电源管理单元12以及所述控制单元14通过所述防水连接部120电连接于所述显示单元13、所述驱动单元15。特别地在一实施例中,所述电源11为所述电池组,所述电源管理单元12和所述控制单元14的电路集成于一电路板,所述电池组电连接于所述电路板电路。所述电池组和所述电路板被绝缘、防水地安装于所述密封箱体110内,所述电池组以及所述电路板上的电路通过所述防水连接器120电连接于外部部件,如所述驱动单元15、所述显示单元13。
进一步,在本发明的一实施例中,所述防水连接部120包括至少一防水连接器121,所述防水连接器121被设置于所述密封箱体110的侧壁。
根据本发明的一实施例中,所述防水连接器121被实施为一航空连接器。所述电池组和所述电路板电路分别电连接于所述航空连接器。当外部设备连接于所述航空连接器的输出端时,电连接于所述电源11以及所述电路板电路。
更具体地,所述防水连接部120设置两组不同接口的航空连接器,以用于连接不同类型的电路。
值得一提的是,所述电路模块100被设置于预定的高度,以使得所述电路模块100具有更好的防水性能。举例地,当所述插秧机行走于水田中时,由于所述电路模块100具有预定的高度,使其不会接触与水田中水面,因此防止所述电路模块100浸入水中。
值得一提的是,根据本发明的这个优选实施例,所述电路模块100被设置于所述插秧单元32的所述预备部323下方,以便于所述预备部323遮挡所述电路模块100。所述电路模块100涉及电路的工作,因此在各种环境下的防水是及其重要的一个方面,在本发明的这个实施例中,所述电路模块100被设置于所述预备部323下方,从而当雨雪天气时,所述预备部323可以为所述电路模块100遮挡雨雪,使得所述电路模块100减少雨雪的侵害。另一方面,所述预备部323的高速可以根据需要调整,因此可以根据所述电路模块100的需要设置高度,使得所述插秧机在水田中工作时,所述电路模块100与水面距离较远。
而在一实施例中,所述驱动单元15为一所述电动机151,所述电动机151的两端盖具有硅胶垫,且所述电动机151输出轴以防水放油的密封油进行密封,从而从不同方面提高所
述电动机151的防水性能和绝缘性能。
特别地,为了操作人员在作业的过程中,实时观察所述插秧机的整体运行状态,尤其是观察所述电动系统10的运行状态,所述显示单元13设置于靠近所述操作单元34的所述手扶部341的位置,同时所述显示单元13的高度可以以所述手扶部341的高度为参照,稍高于所述手扶部341或者所述手扶部341下方,从而使得所述显示单元13可以远离水田中的水面,从而达到防水效果。
进一步,在一实施例中,所述显示单元13可以是一电子显示屏,直接显示所述电源11的电压、电流、温度以及SOC计量等数据。在本发明的另一实施例中,所述显示单元13是一触摸控制屏,所述显示单元13不仅可以显示数据,同时具有触屏操作的功能,通过在所述触摸控制屏上操作,完成不同的控制功能。也就是说,将所述操作单元34的操作部件的功能设置于所述显示单元13,从而提供电子操作的方式控制所述插秧机,而不仅仅是机械手动控制的方式。
值得一提的是,所述电动插秧机是在敞开的水田中工作,其需要达到更高的防水、防尘标准,通常要求到达IP65,而根据本发明的所述电动系统10的所述电路模块100的安全标准可以达到IP66,其具有良好的防尘、防水性能。
还值得一提的是,相对于传统燃油方式的插秧机,所述电动插秧机具有防水的布局结构。所述电动系统10的所述密封箱体100设置于所述插秧机前部,且所述密封箱体100、所述驱动单元15、所述显示单元13以及所述机械传动系统20都具有预定的高度,且相互位置匹配,以提高所述电动系统10、所述机械传动系统的防水性能,且具有较高的可操作性。
还值得一提的是,所述电动插秧机采用电能作为驱动能源,在清洁的基础上,所述电动系统10相对于传统的燃油驱动系统具有较小的质量,同时具有较高的储能,因此使得所述插秧机的整体质量得以减小,更便于实际的操作过程,且具有更长的工作时间。比如,所述电动插秧机在进行转弯动作时,通常需要操作人员通过操作所述手扶部341将机身翘起,以所述行走部位为支点进行转向,对于传统的燃油机械质量大,因此在进行这样的操作时比较费力、操作不方便,而根据本发明的电动插秧机,由于其较小的质量,使其在进行类似转弯这样的动作时,更加方便完成,减小操作人员的体力的耗费。
如图8至图14B所示,是根据本发明的第二个优选实施例的电动插秧机。参照图8至图14B,根据本发明的一实施例,本发明提供一电动插秧机,其包括一电动系统910、一机械传动系统920和一作业系统930。
所述电动系统910以电能为动力源,所述电动系统910通过所述机械传动系统920驱动所述作业系统930进行插植作业。也就是说,所述作业系统930被所述机械传动系统920驱动将电能转化为机械能进行工作。不同于传统的燃油机械农机的能量转化利用方式,燃油传动的方式是,首先将燃料的化学能通过燃烧的方式转变为热能,进而推动内燃机做功,继而将热能转变为机械能,再经过传功作用将所述机械能传递至不同位置,即:化学能→热能→机械能(伴随废气排放),因此整个能量转化传递过程都相对复杂、繁琐,且在燃烧过程中产生有害气体。而在本发明中,也相当于将燃烧燃油而产生能量的过程转移至其他地方,如电厂,或者说可以以更多不同的方式来提供转变为动能的能量,如火电、水电。核电等,
因此使得能源利用更加广泛。而在此处应用时,直接将电能转变为机械能,即:电能→机械能,很明显,简化了能量转化的链条,从而使得能源利用效率更高,而且众所周知,电能具有其清洁、利用方便等优越性能,因此这种动力源的变化,将从根本上改进燃油类型插秧机存在的问题。且所述电动系统与乘坐型插秧机结合,使得乘坐型插秧机实现高速插秧。
以下进一步详细说明,电能如何与乘坐型插秧机结合得到所述电动插秧机以及如何适应插秧机乘坐、路面行走以及水田插秧等不同作业环境。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述电动系统910包括一电源911,所述电源911为所述电动系统910提供电能。特别地,在本发明的一实施例中,所述电源911为一组电池,各所述电池电连接,比如并联,为整个所述插秧机提供需要的工作动力,如路面行走动力、乘载动力以及插植动力等。
优选地,在本发明的一实施例中,所述电源为一组锂电池,所述锂电池为所述插秧机提供工作电能。而在本发明的其他实施例中,所述电源911可以根据不同的需要选择具体的类型和数量,举例地可以选择,密封式铅蓄电电池、镍氢电池、镍铬电池、聚合物锂电池、锌空电池、燃料电池等。而且在一些实施例中,所述电源911可以借鉴电动自行车或电动汽车的电源,将其电源结合应用于所述插秧机。本领域的技术人员应当理解的是,所述电源911的类型和数量不是本发明的限制,上述类型仅作为举例来说明可以选择的类型,在不同实施例中,可以根据实际应用需求配置。
进一步,根据本发明的一实施例,所述电动系统910包括一电源管理单元912,所述电源管理单元912电连接于所述电源911。所述电源管理单元912用于监测、管理所述电源911以及所述电动系统910其他单元的工作状态。所述电源管理单元912是电源911与用户之间的纽带,所述电源911的工作状态不能被用户直接观察到,可是通过所述电源管理单元912却能实时监测所述电源911的工作状态,可以了解到整个所述电动系统910的工作状态。尤其对于一些二次电池,在循环重复使用的过程中,会逐渐出现一些缺点,如存储能量减少、使用寿命变短、串并联使用问题、使用安全性、电池电量估算难等,因此在使用过程中所述电源911的性能相对复杂,而且不同类型的电池特性也相差很大。而所述电源管理单元912却可以实时监测、控制所述电源911的工作状态,提高电池的利用率,防止电池出现过度充电和过度放电的现象,延长所述电源911的使用寿命。
更进一步,所述电源管理单元912具备多种功能,以更加协调地管理所述电动系统910,使其不同单元之间协调、安全地工作。所述电源管理单元912具有保护功能(Protection),能够实时监测、控制所述电源911的工作状态,保护所述电源911安全地工作;所述电源管理单元912具有数据存储的功能(Date Storage),将监测的数据进行存储分析,从而便于得到更加可靠的分析结果;所述电源管理单元912具有电压、温度监测功能(Voltage&Temperature Measurement),实时监测所述电源911及相关设备的工作电压、温度等特性、提供数据分析的基础信息;所述电源管理单元912具有实时通信功能(Communication),从而更加快捷地管理所述电源911以及其他设备的工作状态,使得不同部件互相协调地工作;所述电源管理单元11具有内置充电管理功能(Charge Management),从而使得所述电源911在二次使用以及进行充电补充时,多久可以在安全监测状态下工作;所述电源管理单元912
具有后备态管理功能(State of Back-up,SOB),使得所述电动系统910在不同的状态下都能得到监控管理;所述电源管理单元912具有电量计量功能(State of Charge,SOC),准确估测动力电池组的荷电状态,估测电池剩余电量,保证SOC维持在合理的范围内,防止由于过度充电或过度放电对电池造成的损伤,并随时显示所述电源911的剩余电量;所述电源管理单元912具有健康动态监测功能(State of Health,SOH),在电池充放电过程中,实时采集所述电源911的每个电池的端电压和温度、充放电电流以及电池组总电压等工作特征量,防止所述电池组发生过充电或过放电现象,同时能够及时给出电池状况,挑选出有问题的电池,保持整组电池运行的可靠性和高效性,使得剩余电量估计模型的实现成为可能,此外,还建立每个电池的使用历史档案,为进一步优化和开发新型电池、充电器、电动机等提供资料,为离线分析所述电动系统910的系统故障提供依据;所述电源管理单元912具有均衡管理功能(Cell Balance Management),即为单体电池均衡充电,是所述电池组中的各个电池都达到均衡一致的状态。
值得一提是,所述电动插秧机的所述电源911与乘坐型插秧机的动力需求相适应,提供不同方面的动力源,所述单元11为所述机械传动系统提供动力源,使得所述机械传动系统920获得传动动能。所述电源911为所述作业系统提供动力源,以使得所述插秧机能够具有一定的承载力,能够在路面行走、能够进行插秧工作等。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述电动系统包括一显示单元913,其用于显示所述电动系统910的各种工作状态参量。所述显示单元913通信连接于所述电源管理单元912,配合所述电源管理单元12显示所述电源管理单元912采集、分析的各种监控信息。特别地,在一实施例中,所述显示单元913显示电压、电流、温度、SOC加量等数据。更具体地,在所述电动插秧机的结构布置中,所述显示单元913可以设置于靠近操作位置处,从而便于操作人员实时观察电源工作状态。
所述显示单元913电连接于所述电源911,从所述电源911获取显示工作的电能。特别地,在一实施例中,所述显示单元设置于靠近操作人员的乘坐位置前方,从而当操作人员乘坐于所述电动插秧机时,操作人员可以方便地观察所述电动系统910的工作状况。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述电动系统910包括一控制单元914,所述控制单元914用于通信连接于所述电源管理单元912,接收所述电源管理单元912采集的信息,并且反馈信息至所述电源管理单元912,并且通过所述电源管理单元912控制所述电源911的工作。特别地,所述控制单元914电连接于所述电源911,从所述电源911获取控制工作的电能。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述电动系统910包括一驱动单元915,所述驱动单元915用于驱动所述机械传动系统920。所述驱动单元915电连接于所述控制单元914。也就是说,所述控制单元914控制所述驱动单元915的工作,继而通过控制所述驱动单元915的工作控制所述机械传动系统920的工作。更具体地,所述控制单元914由所述电源管理单元912获取所述电源911提供的电能,并且传递电能至所述驱动单元915,并且控制所述驱动单元915的工作,从而通过所述驱动单元915驱动所述机械传动系统920工作,完成将电能转换为机械能的过程。
特别地,在一实施例中,所述驱动单元915包括一电动机9151,所述控制单元914由
所述电源管理单元912获取电能,并且传递电能至所述电动机9151,所述电动机9151在电能的作用下进行转动工作,将电能转变为机械能,从而可以通过所述电动机9151驱动所述机械传动系统920工作,继而通过所述机械传动系统920传动所述作业系统930完成插秧作业过程。
特别地,在本发明的一实施例中,所述电动机9151可以为轮毂电机,分别被设置于所述作业系统930的车轮位置。即所述驱动单元采用轮毂电机方式实现所述电动插秧机的行走功能,并且采用其他电机实现插秧作业。当然也可以不采用轮毂电机,而是其他电机实现行走和插秧作业。
例如,基于所述插秧机栽植工作的需求,所述电动机9151需要较强的转矩和较高的绝缘性。在本发明的一实施例中,所述电动机9151采用交流变频电机,所述交流变频电机具有免维护、结构简单、调速范围广等优越性。而在本发明的另一实施例中,所述电动机9151采用鼠笼式交流电机,并且在所述鼠笼式交流电机的定子外面采用铝合金作为外壳,在所述电动机9151的两端盖采用铝合金压铸工艺,从而减轻了所述电动机9151的质量,同时提高了所述电动机9151的散热性能。本领域的技术人员应当理解的是,上述所述电动机9151的类型仅作为举例说明可以采用的类型,所述驱动单元915的所述电动机9151的类型并不是本发明的限制,在本发明的其他实施例中,可以根据实际需求选择不同类型的电动机,并对齐外壳进行上述改进。
所述机械传动系统920包括至少一传动机构921,所述传动机构921传动连接所述驱动单元915和所述作业系统930。也就是说,所述传动机构921将所述电动系统910的所述驱动单元915的动能转变为不同驱动方式的机械能,传递至所述作业系统930的不同共组位置。换句话说,所述电动系统910的所述驱动单元915将所述电源911提供的电能转变为同一形式的机械能,如电动机齿轮或轴转动的动能,而通过所述传动系统的所述传动机构921分别将第一转化的机械通过不同的传动方式,如齿轮、轴、皮带、花键、曲轴等,将所述驱动单元915的动能传递并且转变为适宜的各种驱动方式至所述插秧机的所述作业系统930的不同工作位置,如行走位置、插秧位置等,从而可以借助所述动能实现不同的作业动作,如承载、行走、插秧、转向等。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述机械传动系统920包括一主离合器922、一变速箱923和一输出轴924。所述主离合器922传动连接于所述电动系统910的所述驱动单元915的所述电动机9151和所述变速箱923之间,用于切断或传递所述电动机9151传递向所述变速箱923输入的动力,所述变速箱923通过不同的齿轮组合产生变速变矩。所述输出轴924用于将所述变速箱923的动能进行输出。
所述机械传动系统920还包括至少一转速传感器925、一电动控制执行机构926、一主离合器控制执行机构927和一换挡执行机构928。其中一所述转速传感器925和所述电动控制执行机构926与所述电动机9151相配合工作,所述转速传感器925反馈所述电动机9151的转速信息至所述控制单元914,所述控制单元914通过所述电动控制执行机构926控制所述电动机9151的工作,以便于所述插秧机实现不同作业动作,如启动、停止、向前、倒退、转弯等。所述主离合器控制执行机构927与所述主离合器922相配合,所述控制单元914
通过所述主离合器控制执行机构927控制所述主离合器922的工作。所述换挡执行机构928与所述变速箱923相配合,所述控制单元914通过所述换挡执行机构928控制所述变速箱923的工作。另一所述转速传感器925与所述输出轴924相配合,反馈所述输出轴924的信息至所述控制单元914。
在传动过程中,所述驱动单元915的所述电动机9151传递动能至所述主离合器922并且反馈信息至所述转速传感器925。所述主离合器922控制动能的传递通断,且在所述主离合器922闭合的状态下传递动能至所述变速箱923,通过所述变速箱923改变不同的运行速度,进而通过所述输出轴924将调节后的适宜动能输出,且通过所述转速传感器925反馈转速信息至所述控制单元914。而另一方面,所述控制单元914根据接收的信息,如所述转速传感器925的信息,通过所述电动控制执行机构926控制所述电动机9151的工作;通过所述主离合器控制执行机构927控制所述主离合器922的工作;通过所述换挡执行机构928控制所述变速箱的工作。
进一步,根据本发明的一实施例,所述作业系统930包括一行走单元931,所述行走单元931用于完成所述插秧机的行走、转弯等运动动作,使得所述插秧机能够自由移动位置。所述机械传动系统920驱动所述行走单元931的工作。具体地,所述电动系统910的所述驱动单元915的所述电动机9151提供动力以提供所述行走单元931动作需要的动力。所述电动控制执行机构926控制所述电动机9151的工作,从而可以直接控制所述行走单元931的工作;所述主离合器922和所述主离合器控制执行机构927相配合控制所述动力的断开或传递;所述变速箱923结合所述换挡执行机构928将动力转变为不同档位及功能,从而满足所述行走单元931完成不同的工作状态,如插植、慢速行走、快速行走、路面行走、田间作业行走等;所述输出轴924将不同功能的动力输出至所述传动机构921,从而传动至所述行走单元931从而驱动所述行走单元931执行不同的作业内容。
更进一步,所述作业系统930包括一车轮组9311,所述车轮组9311用于支撑所述插秧机的行走。所述电动系统910用于提供所述车轮组9311行走的动力源。
值得一提的是,不同于其他类型的插秧机,所述电动插秧机的不仅可以在水田中行走,还可以在普通路面行走。因此所述电动插秧机可以自行行走至田地位置,而不像其他类型的插秧机需要通过车辆运输至田间位置。也就是说,所述电动系统910可以提供所述电动插秧机在不同行走状态的动力。
特别地,在一实施例中,所述车轮组9311包括一组前轮93111和一组后轮93112。所述一组前轮93111位于所述电动插秧机的机身的前部,所述一组后轮位于所述电动插秧机的机身的后部。所述前轮93111用于支撑行走、转向。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述行走单元931包括一浮船组9312,其包括一中央浮船和两侧浮船。所述中央浮船9312和所述两侧浮船用于所述插秧机在水田作业行走。所述中央浮船9312设置于所述插秧机的中后部位置,所述两侧浮船9313相应地设置于所述中央浮船9312的两侧位置。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述作业系统930包括一插秧单元932,所述插秧单元932用于完成插秧作业。所述中央浮船和所述两侧浮船位于所述插秧单元932下方。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述行走单元931包括一升降机构,用于升降所述插秧机的所述插秧单元932、所述中央浮船以及所述两侧浮船,从而使得所述插秧机适于不同的行走、作业条件。比如,在普通路面行走时,所述升降机构使得所述插秧机的所述插秧单元932处于一抬高状态,从而使得所述操作单元933以及所述中央浮船和所述两侧浮船相对远离路面,防止路面物体阻挡于所述作业系统930或所述中央浮船以及所述两侧浮船,方便快速地行走;在水田中进行插植作业时,所述升降机构使得所述插秧机的所述插秧单元932处于一降低位置,使得所述插秧单元932以及所述中央浮船和所述两侧浮船相对靠近田地面,从而使得所述操作单元933适于作业,并使得所述中央浮船和所述两侧浮船适于浮行于水田中。
所述行走单元931包括一乘坐部9314,用于提供乘坐位置,以便于操作人员在操作所述插秧机可以乘坐于所述插秧机,与所述插秧机同步前进。值得一提的是,区别于其他类型的插秧机,所述电动插秧机提供乘坐位置,并且提供充足的动力,使得插秧机的不需要在操作人员的牵引下行进,而操作人员也不需要行走于水田中,这种方式带来众多优势。一方面所述电动插秧机行走的速度不会受到操作人员行走速度的限制,可以大大提高插秧机的行走速度,尤其是行走于路面时,在不需要额外工具运输的情况下,仍旧可以高速形式,大大提高这个插秧作业过程的工作效率,而对于其他非乘坐型的插秧机,操作人员行走于地面并且提供牵引力,操作人员的行走速度直接影响插秧机行走速度;另一方面,由于所述电动系统910使得所述插秧机的整体质量降低,因此所述插秧机的需要的驱动力减小,因此可以提供更多的动能至所述插秧单元932,从而可以提高所述插秧机的插秧速度;此外,所述电动插秧机,由于采用电能作为动力源,因此在行走、作业过程都不会产生污染环境的气体,同时减少对身体的伤害,而结合所述高速插秧机,在进行插植作业时,操作人员乘坐于所述乘坐部9314,而不需要行走于水田中,因此从另一方面减少水田对人的污染,优化工作环境。
值得一提的是,所述电动系统的所述驱动单元915设置于所述乘坐部9314的下方位置,从而更加合理地布置所述插秧的结构,充分利用空间位置。
特别地,在一实施例中,所述插秧单元932包括一载苗部9321和一插植部9322,所述载苗部9321用于放置差值秧苗,所述插植部9322用于将所述载苗部9321提供的秧苗插植中水田中。也就是说,在插植作业的过程中,首先需要将被插植的秧苗放置于所述载苗部9321,继而所述插植部9322从所述载苗部9321获取秧苗,并将秧苗栽植于田地中。
进一步,所述载苗部9321向下延伸地设置,以适于将秧苗根部沿所述载苗部9321滑下。所述插植部9322设置于所述载苗部9321下方位置,以便于从所述载苗部9321获取秧苗。特别地,在本发明的一实施例中,所述插植部9322包括一插植臂,所述插植臂可转动地所述载苗部9321循环获取秧苗。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述载苗部9321包括一延长板,可伸缩地连接于所述载苗部9321,以便于增加所述载苗部9321承载秧苗量。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述插秧单元932包括一预备部9323,所述预备部9323用于放置预备秧苗。所述预备部9323水平地设置,以便于平稳地放置秧苗。也就是说,当所述载苗部9321的秧苗用完时,操作人员可以从所述预备部9323获取预备秧苗,将其补充于所述载苗部9321,从而保证插植的连续性,提高工作效率。
特别地,在本发明的一实施例中,所述插秧单元932包括一中心标杆939,所述中心标杆939用于对准划线杆所划出来的痕迹来保证插植行距。具体地,所述中心标杆939可以设置于所述行走单元931的所述乘坐部9314的前方位置,从而方便操作人员乘坐所述插秧机时,可以方便、准确地观察、判断插秧作业方向。更具体地,所述中心标杆939可收折地设置。
根据本发明的一实施例,所述作业系统930包括一操作单元934,所述操作单元934用于操作、控制所述插秧机。更进一步,所述操作单元934设置于所述行走单元931的所述乘坐部9314前方位置,以便于操作人员乘坐于所述乘坐部时可以方便地进行操作。在使用所述插秧机时,操作人员通过操作所述操作单元934控制所述插秧机执行不同动作,比如路面行走、停止、倒退、转弯、插植秧苗等。所述操作单元934控制控制所述电动系统910、所述机械传动系统20的工作。
所述操作单元934包括一方向盘9341,所述方向盘9341用于控制所述插秧机的行走方向。所述方向盘9341设置于所述乘坐部9314前方位置,以便于所述操作人员乘坐于所述乘坐部9314时,可以方便地操作所述方向盘9341.
所述操作单元934还包括一操作台9342,用于集中设置不同的操作部件。特别地,所述操作台9342与所述方向盘9341相配合地设置,方便操作人员乘坐于所述乘坐部9314时可以进行不同的操作动作。
进一步,所述操作台9342设置有一驱动总开关,其包括停止、起动以及照明等功能。也就是说,当需要启动所述插秧机时,操作人员可以通过操作所述驱动总开关进行启动。
所述操作台9342包括一主离合器手柄,所述主离合器手柄具有一合状态和一离状态。当所述主离合器手柄处于所述合状态时,所述电动系统910的所述驱动单元915的动力被传递,使得所述插秧机得以行进;当所述主离合器手柄处于所述离状态时,所述电动系统910的所述驱动单元915的动力传递被切断,使得所述插秧机不能行进。
所述操作台9342包括一插植手柄,所述插值手柄包括一插植开始状态、一插植停止状态、一车轮自动上下状态、一机体下降固定状态以及一机体上升状态。当所述插值手柄处于插植开始状态时,所述插秧单元932进行插秧工作;当所述插植手柄处于插植停止状态时,所述插秧单元932停止插秧工作;当所述插值手柄处于车轮自动上下状态时,所述插秧机机身高度被调节;当所述插值手柄处于固定状态时,所述插秧机机体下降且高度被固定;当所述插植手柄处于机体上升状态时,所述插秧机机体上升。
所述操作台9342包括一档位手柄,用于调节所述插秧机不同的工作状态。所述档位手柄包括一后退挡、一插秧挡、一空挡和一前进挡。各所述档位的设置使得所述插秧机能够启动实现不同的工作状态,并且对不同的状态进行调节。如,所述后退挡使得所述插秧机进行后退;所述插秧挡控制所述插秧机插秧的速度;所述空挡使得所述插秧机可以运转;所述前进挡调节所述插秧机行进的速度。
所述操作台9342包括一株距切换手柄,用于调节栽植秧苗的株距。更具体地,可以通过手柄的推拉操作来变换插植株距。
所述操作台9342包括一转向离合器手柄,用于使得所述插秧机机体实现左右转向。
所述操作台9342包括一取苗量调节手柄,用调节所述插秧单元932的插植秧苗量。在一实施例中,手柄向上设定,取苗量变多。手柄往下设定,取苗量变少。每一调节隔断约有1mm的变化量。
所述操作台9342包括一插植深度调剂手,用于调节所述插秧单元932的插植秧苗深度。在实施例中,手柄往上设定为浅插,往下设定为深插。
本领域的技术人员应当理解的是,所述操作台9342的各种功能的设置仅作为举例来说明可以选择设置的功能,所述操作台9342功能的设置并不是本发明的限制。在发明的其他实施例中可以根据需求在增加或减少不同的可操作功能,并且配置相应的操作部件,从而适应不同的需求。
在所述插秧机行径于路面、未进行插秧工作时,调节所述操作台9342的所述插植手柄,使得所述插秧机机体处于抬升状态,距离地面较高,方便在地面行走,开启所述驱动总开关,使得所述主离合器手柄处于合状态,操作人员乘坐于所述插秧机,并且手扶于所述方向盘9341,所述插秧机机体在路面行进;当进入水田中时,调节所述操作台9342的所述插植手柄,使得所述插秧机的机体处于降低状态,距离田地较近,便于插秧工作,并且操作所述插植手柄开始插秧作业。
在进行插秧前,秧苗以群体状体状态放入所述载苗部9321,在所述插秧机进行工作时,所述载苗部9321被驱动进行横向移动,使得所述插植部9322的所述插植臂逐次分格取走一定数量的秧苗,在插秧轨迹被确定情况下,按农艺要求将秧苗插入泥土中,插入后,所述插植臂返回重新取苗栽植,依次循环,持续进行插秧作业。
在这里需要进一步说明的是,本发明的所述电动插秧机采用电能作为动力源,而所述插秧机的工作环境通常是在水田中,因此所述电动系统910的防水性能是所述电动插秧机的一个重要方面。尤其是所述电动系统910的所述电源911、所述电源管理单元912以及所述控制单元914涉及较多的电路以及集成电路部件,因此防水尤为重要。
参照图14A和图14B,是根据本发明的一优选实施例的所述电动系统910的一电路模块9100。所述电路模块9100包括一密封箱体9110,所述密封箱体9110用于防水地、绝缘地密封所述电动系统910的电路部件。
在一实施例中,所述密封箱体9110内设置一绝缘层91101,以绝缘的保护所述密封箱体9110内部的电路部件。举例地但不限于,在制造过程中可以以喷涂的方式在所述箱体的内表面添加所述绝缘层91101或者在所述箱体内叠层地设置叠层的所述绝缘层91101。特别地,所述绝缘箱体9110具有一定硬度与机械强度,能够承担一定的重量,以便于将所述电源911、所述电路板等部件稳定的安装于其内部。
进一步,所述电路模块9100包括一防水连接部9120,其被设置于所述密封箱体9110,所述防水连接部9120用于外部设备与所述密封箱体9110内的电路部件的防水地电连接。
在本发明的一实施例中,所述电路模块9100包括所述电源911、所述电源管理单元912以及所述控制单元914。所述电源911、所述电源管理单元912和所述控制单元914被封闭于所述密封箱体9110内,以防止所述插秧机的在水田中作业时,水污染所述电源911、所述电源管理单元912以及所述控制单元914,影响电路工作。所述电源911、所述电源管理
单元912以及所述控制单元914通过所述防水连接部9120电连接于所述显示单元913、所述驱动单元915。特别地在一实施例中,所述电源911为所述电池组,所述电源管理单元912和所述控制单元914的电路集成于一电路板,所述电池组电连接于所述电路板电路。所述电池组和所述电路板被绝缘、防水地安装于所述密封箱体9110内,所述电池组以及所述电路板上的电路通过所述防水连接器120电连接于外部部件,如所述驱动单元915、所述显示单元913。
进一步,在本发明的一实施例中,所述防水连接部9120包括至少一防水连接器9121,所述防水连接器9121被设置于所述密封箱体9110的侧壁。
根据本发明的一实施例中,所述防水连接器9121被实施为一航空连接器。所述电池组和所述电路板电路分别电连接于所述航空连接器。当外部设备连接于所述航空连接器的输出端时,电连接于所述电源911以及所述电路板电路。
更具体地,所述防水连接部9120设置两组不同接口的航空连接器,以用于连接不同类型的电路。
而在一实施例中,所述驱动单元915为一所述电动机9151,所述电动机9151的两端盖具有硅胶垫,且所述电动机9151输出轴以防水放油的密封油进行密封,从而从不同方面提高所述电动机9151的防水性能和绝缘性能。
特别地,为了操作人员在作业的过程中,实时观察所述插秧机的整体运行状态,尤其是观察所述电动系统910的运行状态,所述显示单元913设置于靠近所述操作单元934的所述方向盘341的位置,同时所述显示单元913的高度可以以所述方向盘341的高度为参照,稍高于所述方向盘341或者所述方向盘341下方,从而使得所述显示单元913可以远离水田中的水面,从而达到防水效果。
进一步,在一实施例中,所述显示单元913可以是一电子显示屏,直接显示所述电源911的电压、电流、温度以及SOC计量等数据。在本发明的另一实施例中,所述显示单元913是一触摸控制屏,所述显示单元913不仅可以显示数据,同时具有触屏操作的功能,通过在所述触摸控制屏上操作,完成不同的控制功能。也就是说,将所述操作单元934的操作部件的功能设置于所述显示单元913,从而提供电子操作的方式控制所述插秧机,而不仅仅是机械手动控制的方式。
值得一提的是,所述电动插秧机是在敞开的水田中工作,其需要达到更高的防水、防尘标准,通常要求到达IP65,而根据本发明的所述电动系统910的所述电路模块9100的安全标准可以达到IP66,其具有良好的防尘、防水性能。
还值得一提的是,相对于传统燃油方式的插秧机,所述电动插秧机具有防水的布局结构。所述电动系统910的所述密封箱体9110设置于所述插秧机前部,且所述密封箱体9110、所述驱动单元915、所述显示单元913以及所述机械传动系统920都具有预定的高度,且相互位置匹配,以提高所述电动系统910、所述机械传动系统的防水性能,且具有较高的可操作性。
还值得一提的是,所述电动插秧机采用电能作为驱动能源,在清洁的基础上,所述电动系统910相对于传统的燃油驱动系统具有较小的质量,同时具有较高的储能,因此使得所述
插秧机的整体质量得以减小,更便于实际的操作过程,且具有更长的工作时间。比如,所述电动插秧机在进行转弯动作时,通常需要操作人员通过操作所述手扶部将机身翘起,以所述行走部位为支点进行转向,对于传统的燃油机械质量大,因此在进行这样的操作时比较费力、操作不方便,而根据本发明的电动插秧机,由于其较小的质量,使其在进行类似转弯这样的动作时,更加方便完成,减小操作人员的体力的耗费。
本领域的技术人员应理解,上述描述及附图中所示的本发明的实施例只作为举例而并不限制本发明。本发明的目的已经完整并有效地实现。本发明的功能及结构原理已在实施例中展示和说明,在没有背离所述原理下,本发明的实施方式可以有任何变形或修改。
Claims (43)
- 一电动手扶插秧机,其特征在于,包括:一电动系统;一机械传动系统;以及一作业系统;其中所述电动系统以电能为动力源,所述电动系统通过所述机械传动系统驱动所述作业系统进行插秧作业。
- 根据权利要求1所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述电动系统包括一电源,所述电源为所述电动系统提供电能。
- 根据权利要求2所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述电动系统包括一控制单元,所述控制单元协调控制所述电动系统和所述机械传动系统的工作。
- 根据权利要求3所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述电动系统包括一驱动单元,所述驱动单元由所述控制单元获取驱动能量,并且由所述控制单元控制驱动所述机械传动系统。
- 根据权利要求4所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述驱动单元采用轮毂电机方式实现所述电动手扶插秧机的行走功能。
- 根据权利要求4所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述电动系统包括一显示单元,所示显示单元显示所述电源管理单元的工作状态。
- 根据权利要求6所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述作业系统包括一操作单元,所述操作单元可操作地控制所述电动系统、所述机械传动系统或所述作业系统的工作。
- 根据权利要求7所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述作业系统包括一插秧单元,所述插秧单元通过所述电动系统提供电能,由所述机械传动系统传动而进行插秧。
- 根据权利要求8所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述作业系统包括一行走单元,所述行走单元通过所述电动系统提供电能,由所述机械传动系统传动而行走。
- 根据权利要求2至9任一所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述电动系统包括一电源管理单元,所述电源管理单元管理所述电源以及所述电动系统的工作。
- 根据权利要求10所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述电动系统包括一电路模块,所述电路模块被防水地设置,以防水地提供电能。
- 根据权利要其11所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述电路模块包括一密封箱体,所述电源和所述电源管理单元被防水地设置于所述密封箱体内。
- 根据权利要求12所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述电路模块被设置于所述插秧单元的一预备部下方,以便于为遮挡所述电路模块、满足所述电路模块的防水要求。
- 根据权利要求12所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述密封箱体包括一绝缘层,所述电源和所述电源管理单元被设置于所述绝缘层内侧。
- 根据权利要求14所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述电路模块包括一防水连接部,所述防水连接部防水地电连接所述密封箱体内和所述密封箱体外部设备。
- 根据权利要求15所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述防水连接部包括至少一防水连接器,所述防水连接器为一航空连接器。
- 根据权利要求16所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述防水连接部包括至少一防水连接器,所述防水连接器选自:焊接式防水连接器、压接式防水连接器、管状防水连接器、金属头防水连接器、注塑防水连接器和尼龙防水连接器中的一种。
- 根据权利要求12所述的电动手扶插秧机,其中所述电源管理单元和所述控制单元被集成于一电路板,所述电路板电连接于所述电源,所述电源和所述电路板被防水地设置于所述密封箱体内。
- 一电动高速插秧机,其特征在于,包括:一电动系统;和一作业系统;所述作业系统包括一插秧单元和一行走单元,所述行走单元适于操作人员乘坐地行走,所述电动系统以电能驱动所述插秧单元和所述行走单元,以使得所述插秧机在操作人员乘坐时高速地作业。
- 根据权利要求19所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述插秧机包括一机械传动系统,所述电动系统通过所述机械传动系统传动于所述作业系统。
- 根据权利要求19所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述作业系统包括一操作单元,所述操作单元提供所述操作人员操位置。
- 根据权利要求19所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述行走单元包括一车轮组,所述车轮组支撑所述插秧机的行走,所述电动系统以电能驱动所述车轮组的行走。
- 根据权利要求22所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述车轮组包括一组前轮和一组后轮,所述前轮被设置于所述插秧机前部,其控制所述插秧机的行走方向,所述后轮被设置于所述插秧机后部,配合所述一组前轮支撑所述插秧机可乘坐地行走。
- 根据权利要求19所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述行走单元包括一中央浮船和两侧浮船,所述中央浮船和所述两侧浮船设置于所述插秧单元下方位置,以便于在水中时向所述插秧单元提供支撑。
- 根据权利要求19至24中任一所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述电动系统包括一电源和电源管理单元,所述电源为所述电动系统提供电能,所述电源管理单元管理所述电源的工作。
- 根据权利要求25所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述电动系统包括一驱动单元,所述驱动单元由所述电源获取电能驱动所述作业系统进行作业。
- 根据权利要求26所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述驱动单元包括一电动机,所述电动机由所述电源获取电能驱动所述作业系统作业。
- 根据权利要求25所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述电动系统包括一控制单元,所述控制单元控制所述电动系统的工作。
- 根据权利要求25所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述电动系统包括移动显示单元,所述显示单元显示所述电源管理单元的管理参数。
- 根据权利要求26所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述驱动单元采用轮毂电机方式实现所述电动高速插秧机的行走功能。
- 根据权利要求25所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述电源选自:锂电池、密封式铅蓄电池、镍氢电池、镍铬电池、聚合物锂电池、太阳能电池、生物电池、锌空电池和燃料电 池中的一种。
- 根据权利要求19至24中任一所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述电动系统包括一电路模块,所述电路模块被防水封闭地设置,以防水地输出电能。
- 根据权利要求31所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述电路模块包括一电源和一电源管理单元,所述电源为所述电动系统提供电能,所述电源管理单元管理所述电源的工作。
- 根据权利要求32所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述电路模块包括一密封箱体,所述电源和所述电源管理单元被防水地设置于所述密封箱体内。
- 根据权利要其33所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述电路模块包括一防水连接部,所述防水连接部防水地电连接所述密封箱体内部和所述密封箱体外部设置。
- 根据权利要求34所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述防水连接部包括至少一防水连接器,所述防水连接器为一航空连接器。
- 根据权利要求34所述的电动高速插秧机,其中所述防水连接器包括至少一防水连接器,所述防水连接器选自:焊接式防水连接器、压接式防水连接器、管状防水连接器、金属头防水连接器、注塑防水连接器和尼龙防水连接器中的一种。
- 一电动插秧机的工作方法,其特征在于,所述工作方法包括步骤:通过一电动系统驱动一插秧机工作。
- 根据权利要求38所述的工作方法,其中在上述方法中,包括步骤:电驱动一车轮组行走。
- 根据权利要求38所述的工作方法,其中在上述方法中,电驱动一插秧单元进行插秧工作。
- 根据权利要求38所述的工作方法,其中在上述方法中,通过一电源管理单元管理所述电动系统。
- 根据权利要求38至41中任一所述的工作方法,其中在上述方法中,通过燃料电池提供电能驱动所述插秧机工作。
- 根据权利要求38至41中任一所述的工作方法,其中在上述方法中,通过锂电池、密封式铅蓄电池、镍氢电池、镍铬电池、聚合物锂电池、太阳能电池、生物电池、锌空电池或燃料电池提供电能驱动所述高速插秧机工作。
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