WO2017190703A1 - 电动多功能移栽机及其应用 - Google Patents

电动多功能移栽机及其应用 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017190703A1
WO2017190703A1 PCT/CN2017/083321 CN2017083321W WO2017190703A1 WO 2017190703 A1 WO2017190703 A1 WO 2017190703A1 CN 2017083321 W CN2017083321 W CN 2017083321W WO 2017190703 A1 WO2017190703 A1 WO 2017190703A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
module
battery pack
power
battery
transplanter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/083321
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
何晓龙
严俊峰
李明
吴伟文
卢锋
吴杰民
刘波
贾骏俊
Original Assignee
东风农业装备(襄阳)有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201610292146.7A external-priority patent/CN107346902A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610294991.8A external-priority patent/CN107343409A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610292349.6A external-priority patent/CN107343402A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610290333.1A external-priority patent/CN107344505A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610294993.7A external-priority patent/CN107344534A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610292837.7A external-priority patent/CN107346904A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610292250.6A external-priority patent/CN107346903A/zh
Priority claimed from CN201610292411.1A external-priority patent/CN107344506A/zh
Application filed by 东风农业装备(襄阳)有限公司 filed Critical 东风农业装备(襄阳)有限公司
Priority to JP2019510746A priority Critical patent/JP2019515694A/ja
Publication of WO2017190703A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017190703A1/zh

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B51/00Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus
    • A01B51/02Undercarriages specially adapted for mounting-on various kinds of agricultural tools or apparatus propelled by a motor
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01CPLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/02Transplanting machines for seedlings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R13/00Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
    • H01R13/46Bases; Cases
    • H01R13/52Dustproof, splashproof, drip-proof, waterproof, or flameproof cases
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H05ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05KPRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K7/00Constructional details common to different types of electric apparatus
    • H05K7/20Modifications to facilitate cooling, ventilating, or heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery, in particular to an electric multifunctional transplanting machine and an application thereof.
  • the internal combustion engine of the existing transplanter uses diesel, gasoline, etc. as fuel, and these fuels emit harmful gases during combustion.
  • transplanters that are used in uneven planting environments (such as sloping fields or paddy fields) generally require a relatively large torque, and a high-torque transplanter is based on the output power of the internal combustion engine. That is to say, a transplanter with high power generally requires an internal combustion engine with a large output power, and the internal combustion engine has a lower combustion rate of diesel fuel, gasoline, and the like due to a decrease in the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine. Incomplete combustion of fuels such as diesel and gasoline in internal combustion engines not only causes energy waste, but also adversely affects the environment and operators of transplanters.
  • the harmful gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is easily directly breathed by the operator of the transplanting machine, thereby causing the operator of the transplanting machine to have a bad respiratory system, liver, kidney, and organ organs of the heart. Image.
  • the internal combustion engine of the existing transplanter will generate a large noise during the work, and the operator of the transplanter will not only damage the hearing of the operator of the transplanter but also the operator of the transplanter.
  • the emotional impact is also relatively large, mainly manifested in the fact that when the operator of the transplanter is in a noisy environment for a long time, it is easy to cause the operator of the transplanter to be emotionally irritable.
  • the weight of the internal combustion engine of the conventional transplanter is large, and the transplanter cannot be flexibly operated by the agricultural machine operator.
  • the planting industry is increasingly moving towards refinement, especially in the suburbs of the city.
  • greenhouses are used.
  • the greenhouse is a relatively closed environment. This relatively closed environment is conducive to this.
  • the growth of vegetables and fruits if a traditional transplanter with an internal combustion engine is used to transplant vegetables and fruits in a greenhouse, the harmful gases emitted by the internal combustion engine will inevitably remain in the greenhouse, and once this phenomenon occurs, it will not only harm the entry.
  • the health of the workers in the greenhouse is also harmful to the vegetables and fruits grown in the greenhouse.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-functional transplanting machine and an application thereof, wherein the electric multi-functional transplanting machine can be used for planting seedlings of various kinds of crops such as tobacco and vegetables by using electric power as a power source.
  • the transplanter transplants the crop seedlings
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanting machine and an application thereof, wherein the electric multi-function transplanter
  • the electric system is used to provide power protection for efficient operation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanter including a battery case for supplying power to the electric multi-function transplanter and an application thereof.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanting machine and an application thereof, wherein the battery case of the electric multi-function transplanter includes a battery management system, wherein the battery management system is capable of detecting and processing the battery Various battery information for the battery box.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanter and an application thereof, wherein the electric multi-function transplanter includes a control system and a drive system, the control system detects the drive system and provides feasibility Work information, and the control system can give the drive system instructions in time; the drive system powers each functional module through a mechanical transmission mechanism.
  • the electric multi-function transplanter includes a control system and a drive system, the control system detects the drive system and provides feasibility Work information, and the control system can give the drive system instructions in time; the drive system powers each functional module through a mechanical transmission mechanism.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanting machine and an application thereof, wherein the electric multi-function transplanter includes a display system, and an operator operates the related mechanical mechanism through the information provided by the display system to achieve operation and The purpose of transplanting crop seedlings.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanting machine and an application thereof, wherein the electric multi-function transplanter has good waterproof performance.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanting machine and an application thereof, wherein the electric multi-function transplanter can adapt to the unevenness of the ridge, and maintain the same transplant depth, and the transplanting track is neat.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanter and an application thereof, wherein the electric multi-function transplanter has excellent applicability and a light and compact design, and can be easily and safely operated even when cornering, mountainous and hilly areas. The same can be achieved as an operation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanter and an application thereof, wherein the electric multi-function transplanter can carry a large number of transplanted seedlings, thereby continuously performing efficient work.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanter and a use thereof, wherein the electric multi-function transplanter has a low vibration and low noise design, so that the operator can feel relaxed and comfortable for a long time.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanting machine and an application thereof, wherein the electric multi-function transplanting machine comprises a dozen-shaped pond parts, which can be transplanted after the pond is first transplanted, and water can be stored in the pond, thereby reducing Labor, suitable for dry area operations.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an electric multi-function transplanter having an adhesive film member, wherein the press-fit member is used when the electric multi-function transplanter is used, and an application thereof Will not damage the film.
  • the present invention provides an electric multi-function transplanter comprising:
  • control system is coupled to the battery case
  • a graft assembly wherein the graft assembly is coupled to the mechanical transmission mechanism, wherein a transplant operation of the electric multi-function transplanter is achieved under the battery pack providing electrical energy supply.
  • the electric multi-function transplanter realizes the walking function by the in-wheel motor driving method.
  • the present invention further provides an electric multi-function transplanter comprising:
  • An agricultural machinery power system wherein the agricultural machinery power system is disposed on the agricultural machine body, wherein the agricultural machinery power system further comprises:
  • An electric device wherein the electric device comprises a battery pack, an input connector and an output connector,
  • An input connector is connected to an input end of the battery pack, and the output connector is connected to the battery pack
  • the power mechanism is disposed on the agricultural machine body and connected to the agricultural machine body,
  • the output connector is coupled to the power mechanism, wherein the output connector is for providing the battery pack
  • Power is transmitted to the power mechanism to generate power and further transmit power to the farm by the power mechanism
  • the machine body drives the agricultural machine body to work.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic view showing the frame of an electric multifunction transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a battery case of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a motor governor of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a partially enlarged perspective view showing a grafting assembly of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a perspective enlarged view of a transfer stage of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective enlarged view of a transplanting nozzle of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective enlarged view of a flattening member of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a perspective enlarged view of a body lift sensor of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective enlarged view of a one-piece pond member of an electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a perspective view of an auxiliary seedling rack of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 14 is a perspective enlarged view of a film-pressing member of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15A is a perspective view of an auxiliary seedling rack of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 15B is a perspective enlarged view of an adjustment handle of the electric multi-function transplanter in accordance with the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 16 is a block diagram showing the agricultural machine power system in accordance with the above-described preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 17 is a block diagram showing the power management module of the electric device of the agricultural machine power system according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 18 is a block diagram showing a power supply management module of a first alternative mode of the electric device according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 19 is a block diagram showing a power supply management module of a second alternative mode of the electric device according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 20 is a block diagram showing a power supply management module of a third alternative mode of the electric device according to the above preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGs. 1 A preferred embodiment of an electric multi-function transplanter of the present invention is shown in Figs.
  • the electric multifunctional transplanter can be used for planting seedlings of various crops such as tobacco, vegetables and fruits by using electric power as a power source.
  • the electric multi-function transplanter comprises a battery box 10, a control system 20, a drive system 30, a mechanical transmission mechanism 40, a display system 50, a transplant assembly 60 and a fuselage 70.
  • the body 70 includes a body support frame 71 and a travel assembly 72.
  • the travel assembly 72 is implemented as a plurality of wheels 720, and each of the wheels 720 is rollably coupled to the body support 71, respectively.
  • the battery case 10, the mechanical transmission mechanism 40, the drive system 30, and the control system 20 are all disposed on the body support frame 71.
  • the battery box 10 outputs electrical energy and converts the electric power into kinetic energy through the drive system 30, and transmits the kinetic energy to the mechanical transmission mechanism 40, which completes the advancement of the electric multi-function transplanter The operation of retreating and the like and driving the transplant assembly 60 to complete the purpose of transplanting the crop seedlings.
  • at least two of the wheels 720 are drivably disposed on the mechanical transmission 40 to provide power to the drive system 30 when the battery case 10 provides power to the drive system 30.
  • the power provided by the drive system 30 can be transmitted to the wheel 720 through the mechanical transmission mechanism 40, thereby driving the wheel 720 to rotate to cause the electric multi-function transplanter to walk.
  • the graft assembly 60 is drivably disposed to the mechanical transmission mechanism 40 to enable the mechanical transmission mechanism 40 to provide power to the graft assembly 60 to drive the graft assembly 60 to operate.
  • the battery case 10 is capable of providing electrical energy to the electric multi-function transplanter.
  • the battery case 10 includes a battery case 11, a battery pack 12, a battery management system 13, and an output connector 14.
  • the battery pack 12 and the battery management system 13 are electrically connected, and the battery pack 12 and the battery management system 13 are respectively disposed in the battery case 11.
  • the output connector 14 is disposed at a side of the battery case 11, and the output connector 14 is coupled to the control system 20 and the display system 50.
  • the output connector 14 can extend from the inside to the outside of the battery case 11, wherein the output connector 14 is inside the battery case 11 and the battery pack 12 and the battery
  • the management system 13 is connected to each other, and the output connector 14 can be connected to the control system 20 and the display system 50 outside the battery case 11.
  • the control system 20 and the display system 50 are detachably coupled to the output connector 14, respectively.
  • the output connector 14 further includes a CAN output 141 and a power line output 142.
  • the CAN output The terminal 141 exchanges information with other components through the CAN bus.
  • the CAN output 141 can exchange information with the control system 20 and the display system 50 through a CAN bus, wherein the power line output
  • the end 142 can be connected to a power adapter 90 to charge the battery pack 12, for example, the power adapter 90 can be connected to an external power source, and the electrical energy of the external power source can be passed through the power line output end. 142 is supplemented to the battery pack 12.
  • the battery pack 12 has a plurality of battery cells 120 therein, and the battery cells 120 are electrically connected to the battery management system 13 in parallel.
  • the battery pack 12 outputs electrical energy after being detected by the battery management system 13, thereby providing power to the electric multi-function transplanter.
  • the battery case 11 further includes two end caps, and the output end connectors 14 are disposed on both sides of the end cap.
  • the battery management system 13 performs information interaction with the control system 20 of the electric multi-function transplanter via a CAN bus.
  • the battery management system 13 is electrically connected to the display system 50, and can output information of the battery pack 12 to the display system 50 to facilitate human-computer interaction, such as the remaining battery capacity and cruising range of the battery pack 12.
  • Information such as can be displayed on the display system 50 and viewed by an operator of the electric multi-function transplanter.
  • the battery management system 13 (BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, hereinafter referred to as BMS) is a link between the battery pack 12 and an operator, and the main object is the battery pack 12, such as the battery pack. 12 can be implemented as, but not limited to, a rechargeable battery.
  • the battery management system (BMS) 13 is mainly for improving the utilization rate of the battery, preventing overcharging and overdischarging of the battery, prolonging the service life of the battery, and monitoring the state of the battery.
  • the battery management system (BMS) 13 of the electric multi-function transplanter is mainly used for real-time monitoring, fault diagnosis, SOC estimation, short circuit protection, leakage detection, display alarm, and battery parameters of the electric multi-function transplanter. Charge and discharge selection, etc., and information exchange with the control system 20 of the electric multi-function transplanter by means of a CAN bus to ensure efficient, reliable and safe operation of the electric multi-function transplanter.
  • the battery management system (BMS) 13 further includes a control unit module 131, a detection module 132, a power balance and control module 133, and a data communication and transmission module 134.
  • Each of the battery units 120 is connected to the detection module 132.
  • the detection module 132 is electrically connected to the control unit module 131, and the control unit module 131 is connected to the power balance and control module 133.
  • the control unit module 131 is connected to the control system 20 via a CAN bus and the output connector 14 for information interaction.
  • the data communication and transmission module 134 is capable of transmitting information of the battery pack 12 to the display system 50 via the CAN output 141.
  • the detection module 132 further includes a data acquisition and analysis module 1321 and an insulation detection module 1322.
  • the control unit module 131 includes a SOC module (State of Charge) 1311, a charge and discharge management and control module 1312, and a thermal management. And control module 1313.
  • the data acquisition and analysis module 1321 is connected to each of the battery cells 120 of the battery pack 12 such that the data acquisition and analysis module 1321 is in the process of charging and discharging the battery pack 12,
  • the terminal voltage and temperature, the charge and discharge current, and the total battery voltage of each of the battery cells 120 in the battery pack 12 of the electric multi-function transplanter are collected in real time.
  • the SOC module 1311 is connected to the battery pack 12, so that the SOC module 1311 accurately estimates the state of charge of the battery pack 12, that is, the remaining battery power, to ensure that the SOC is maintained within a reasonable range.
  • the battery is prevented from being damaged due to overcharging or overdischarging, and the remaining energy of the battery pack 12 of the electric multifunction transplanter, that is, the state of charge of the energy storage battery, is displayed at any time.
  • the charge and discharge management and control module 1312 is connected to the battery pack 12 in multiples such that the charge and discharge management and control module 1312 prevents the battery pack 12 from being overcharged or overdischarged.
  • the power balance and control module 133 is connected to each of the battery units 120 of the battery pack 12 such that the power balance and control module 133 equalizes and charges each of the battery units 120, and can determine and perform the self-operation.
  • the equalization process causes each of the battery cells 120 in the battery pack 12 to reach a state of equalization.
  • the main information of the battery pack 12 is displayed in real time in the display system 50 by the data communication and transmission module 134 of the battery management system 13, that is, the data communication and transmission module 134 can also be connected.
  • the thermal management and control module 1313 is connected to the battery pack 12, so that the thermal management and control module 1313 collects the temperature of the measuring point in the battery unit 120 of the battery pack 12 in real time, and passes the cooling fan. The control prevents the battery from overheating.
  • the insulation monitoring module 1322 is connected to the battery pack 12 such that the insulation detection module 1322 monitors a power supply short circuit leakage and the like that may cause harm to people and equipment.
  • a high-precision and stable sensor (such as a current sensor, a voltage sensor, a temperature sensor, etc.) may be used between the battery pack 12 and the data acquisition and analysis module 1321 and the insulation monitoring module 1322 of the detection module 132. ) for real-time detection.
  • the battery pack 12 adopts a modular battery, and the types of the battery can be various, such as a valve-regulated sealed lead-acid battery, a nickel-hydrogen battery, a nickel-cadmium battery, a lithium ion battery, a polymer lithium battery, Zinc batteries, solar cells, bio-batteries, fuel cells, etc.
  • the battery pack 12 employs a lithium ion battery.
  • the battery pack 12 is implemented as a modular battery that can be used in a variety of different types of electric multifunction implanters.
  • the modular batteries are connected in parallel, that is to say, all the batteries are connected in the same stage, the voltage is constant, and the output current is the sum of the total currents of the batteries.
  • the arrangement position of the battery pack 12, in other embodiments of the present invention, may also minimize the structural arrangement of a conventional transplanter that originally uses an internal combustion engine as a power source. That is, the battery pack 12 is placed in place of the internal combustion engine at the set position of the original internal combustion engine, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost of the electric multi-function transplanter.
  • the control system 20 detects the drive system 30 and provides operational information that is feasible, and the control system 20 can give instructions to the drive system 30 in time; the drive system 30 imparts functions through the mechanical transmission mechanism 40 Module power; an operator of the electric multifunction energy transplanter operates the related mechanical mechanism disposed on the body 70 through the information provided by the display system 50 to achieve the purpose of operating and transplanting crop seedlings.
  • control system 20 includes a CAN communication module 21 and an electronic control unit module 22.
  • the CAN communication module 21 is electrically coupled to the output connector 14 and the display system 50 for communication and transmission of information.
  • the electronic control unit module 22 is connected to the drive system 30 such that the electronic control unit module 22 is configured to detect the drive system 30 and provide feasible work information, and give the drive system 30 instructions in time. .
  • control system 20 is operated in an integrated manner.
  • the integrated control system 20 is disposed on the body 70 and connected to each functional module by wire or wirelessly.
  • control system 20 is remotely controlled, that is, The remote control of the electric multifunction transplanter can be remotely controlled by a remote control.
  • the drive system 30 includes a motor 31, a gearbox 32, a clutch 33, and an output shaft 34.
  • the clutch 33 is coupled to the motor 31 and the gearbox 32
  • the gearbox 32 is coupled to the output shaft 34
  • the motor 31 controls the gearbox 32 to effect drive of the mechanical transmission mechanism 40.
  • the mounting position of the motor 31 is at the front end of the body 70.
  • the motor 31 is disposed at the center. The lower side of the battery case 10 is described.
  • the initial rotational speed of the motor 31 and the rotational speed of the output shaft 34 are detected by a rotational speed sensor 351 and 352 and fed back to the control system 20, respectively.
  • the electronic control unit module 22 of the control system 20 commands the drive system 30 via an actuator assembly 36. That is, the drive system 30 further includes the actuator assembly 36, wherein the actuator assembly 36 includes an electric actuator 361, a clutch actuator 362, and a shift drive actuator 363.
  • the electronic control unit module 22 controls the motor 31 through the electric actuator 361, and the electronic control unit module 22 controls the clutch 33 through the clutch actuator 362, and the electronic control unit module 22 passes the A shift drive actuator 363 controls the gearbox 32, that is, the electric actuator 361 is coupled to the electronic control unit module 22 and the motor 31, and the clutch actuator 362 is coupled to the The electronic control unit module 22 and the clutch 33 are coupled to the electronic control unit module 22 and the gearbox 32.
  • the drive system 30 further includes a motor governor 37.
  • the range of the rotational speed of the motor 31 can be further adjusted.
  • the motor governor 37 is coupled to the motor 31.
  • the motor governor 37 may be an AC Motor Controllers 1232 machine manufactured by Curtis (Curtis CURTIS, USA, whose main products are motor control systems, meters, power converters, output/input devices, current conversion products, etc.). type.
  • the motor governor 37 simplifies internal functions and has the function of controlling the motor to complete forward and reverse, reducing the production cost of the complete machine.
  • the electric multi-function transplanter due to the special work of the electric multi-function transplanter, it requires strong torque and high insulation, so an AC variable frequency motor with no maintenance, simple structure and wide speed regulation range is adopted.
  • the electric multi-function transplanter is required to lift the front end of the body 70 to perform the turning function during the turning, the weight of the motor 31 is highly demanded. That is to say, the type of the motor 31 is a squirrel-cage AC motor (the rotor winding is not wound by an insulated wire, but a three-phase asynchronous motor formed by welding or casting an aluminum strip or a copper strip and a short-circuit ring). It is called squirrel cage motor).
  • the motor 31 and the gearbox 32 are connected by gear connection, shaft connection, belt connection and spline connection.
  • the manner in which the motor 31 and the gearbox 32 are coupled is geared.
  • the gear connection integrates the pinion, drive shaft and chain, gear, pulley and positive wheel.
  • the output shaft 34 further includes a travel output shaft 342 and a transplant output shaft 341, wherein the travel transmission shaft 342 and the transplant output shaft 341 are respectively coupled to the gearbox 32.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism 40 further includes a travel transmission mechanism 42 and a graft transmission mechanism 41.
  • the travel drive mechanism 42 is coupled to the travel output shaft 342.
  • the travel transmission mechanism 42 drives the travel assembly 72 of the electric multi-function transplanter under the driving of the travel output shaft 342, that is, the travel assembly 72 is drivably disposed on the travel transmission mechanism 42.
  • the motor 31 is capable of driving the electric multi-function shift
  • the wheel 720 of the planting machine rotates, and each of the wheels 720 rotates to complete a traveling function such as advancement, retreat, and speed change of the electric multi-function transplanter.
  • transplanting drive mechanism 41 is coupled to the transplant output shaft 341 and the graft assembly 60, and the transplant output shaft 341 is driven by the transplant transport mechanism 41 by the motor 31.
  • the graft assembly 60 transmits power and accomplishes the transplant function of the crop seedlings through the transplant assembly 60.
  • the mechanical transmission mechanism 40 is a power distribution mechanism, wherein the mechanical transmission mechanism 40 is capable of transmitting power to the traveling assembly 72 through the travel transmission mechanism 42, that is, the traveling assembly 72 is Driven to the travel drive 42 , in addition, the mechanical drive 40 can transmit power to the graft assembly 60 through the transplant drive mechanism 41 , ie, the graft assembly 60 is drivably disposed on The transplant transmission mechanism 41.
  • the electric multi-function transplanter can also adopt the hub motor technology, that is, the power, the transmission and the brake device are integrated into the hub to obtain The travel assembly 72 of the hub motor.
  • the graft assembly 60 includes a transplant nozzle 61 and a transfer station 62.
  • the transplanting nozzle 61 is connected to the transplanting transmission mechanism 41, and is capable of performing displacement movement in the upper and lower directions by the transplantation transmission mechanism 41.
  • the transplanting stage 62 is disposed on the body support frame 71 and can be rotated by the transplanting mechanism 41. That is, the transplanting nozzle 61 and the transplanting platform 62 can be drivingly coupled to the transplanting mechanism 41, respectively, to drive the transplanting nozzle 61 up and down and drive by the transplanting mechanism 41.
  • the transplant stage 62 rotates.
  • the transfer stage 62 includes a stage 621 and a plurality of seed cups 622.
  • the stage 621 may be, but not limited to, a circular shape.
  • the loading stage 621 forms the circular stage 621, wherein each of the seedling cups 622 is evenly distributed on the circular stage 621, and the circular stage 621 has the number and the seedling cup 622.
  • the corresponding number of seedling cup holes 6210, the bottom end of the seedling cup 622 is located in the seedling cup carrying hole 6210, so that the seedling cup 622 is disposed on the circular stage 621.
  • the bottom of the seedling cup 622 has a falling hole 6220 and a seedling cup cover 6221 which is connected to the bottom of the seedling cup 622 at one end.
  • the seedling cup cover 6221 can be axially connected to the seedling cup 622. a bottom portion, wherein the seedling cup cover 6221 can close the falling hole 6220 of the seedling cup 622 to keep the crop seedlings in the seedling cup 622, and the seedling cup cover 6221 can also open the
  • the seed hole 6220 is dropped so that the seedling seedlings held in the seedling cup 622 can be detached from the seedling cup 622 through the falling hole 6220.
  • the transplanting nozzle 61 further includes a falling piece 611 and a spigot portion 612.
  • the insertion portion 612 is coupled to the seedling member 611, wherein the seedling member 611 corresponds to one of the seedling cups 622 at a lower portion of the circular stage 621.
  • each of the seedling cup covers 6221 descends in order by their own gravity so that the falling seed holes 6220 are in an open state, and the crop seedlings can fall into the said seedling holes 6220.
  • the bottom portion of the insertion portion 612 has a tip end portion 6121 that facilitates insertion into the soil. When the tip portion 6121 is inserted into the soil to form a graft pit, the crop seedling can fall into the graft pit at the guidance of the seedling member 611.
  • the insertion portion 612 has two tip members that can open and close the pits to the right and left, and form a cup-shaped nozzle portion. That is, when the transplanting mechanism 41 drives the transplanting table 62 to rotate and drives the transplanting nozzle 61 to move up and down under the driving of the motor 31, the transplanting transmission mechanism 41 can control the transplanting load. Synchronization of the table 62 and the transplant nozzle 61. More specifically, when the transplanting nozzle 61 is located above, the falling hole 6220 of the transplanting stage 62 is opened, and the crop seedlings are allowed to fall into the falling seedling 6112. When the transplanting nozzle 61 moves downward, the tip portion 6121 is inserted into the soil, and the crop seedlings are transplanted in the formed graft pit.
  • the insertion portion 612 is detachable, and the insertion portion 612 of different shapes can be replaced according to the needs of different crop seedling transplants, thereby realizing the diversity of the seedling species of the electric multi-function transplanter.
  • the insertion portion 612 is implemented as a large-sized duckbill for tobacco, and even a large tobacco seedling can be smoothly inserted, without a seedling, and easily has a beautiful planting posture.
  • a large-sized rice seedling cup it is only necessary for one person to achieve 2,300 transplants per hour, which is efficient and labor-saving. Large horizontal open implants are transplanted neatly.
  • the graft assembly 60 further includes a leveling member 63 disposed on the body support frame 71, wherein when the electric multi-function transplanter is traveling forward, the The leveling member 63 is capable of leveling the position of the seedling to be transplanted to facilitate the insertion of the insertion portion 612 of the transplanting nozzle 61 into the seed crops that need to be transplanted after being slid by the flattening member 63. position.
  • the transplant assembly 60 further includes a body lift sensor 64 , wherein the body lift sensor 63 is disposed on the leveling member 63 .
  • the body lifting sensor 64 can adapt to the unevenness of the ridge, automatically lifts and lowers, maintains the same transplant depth, and the transplanting track is neat.
  • the transplanting assembly 60 further includes a hitting member 65, and the striking member 65 is coupled to the body supporting frame 71.
  • the striking member 65 enables the electric multi-functional transplanter to be transplanted after the pond is firstly transplanted, and the water can be stored in the pond to reduce labor and is suitable for operation in a dry area.
  • the leveling member 63 can set the ridge (the position of the seedling to be transplanted is generally set as the electric multi-function transplanter travels forward) The ridge is splayed, and then the pond is opened by the striking member 65, and then the spigot portion 613 of the transplanting nozzle 61 is inserted into the position after the pond member 65 is hit, thereby completing the crop seedling.
  • the implant, and in this process, the depth of insertion of the insertion portion 612 of the transplant nozzle 61 is controlled by the body lift sensor 64.
  • the transplanting assembly 60 further includes a ridge guiding roller 66, so that the whole machine has strong riding ability, and the ridge can be operated safely even if the ridge is deformed.
  • the grafting assembly 60 further includes a pressing member 66, and the pressing member 66 is connected to the flattening member 63, and can be applied to a ridge field with a film attached to the surface. . Therefore, it is possible to first transplant the crop seedlings after covering the film in the ridge field, maintain the integrity of the film covering, improve the efficiency of transplanting and warming the crop seedlings, and save manpower.
  • the graft assembly 60 further includes an auxiliary seed rack 67 that is foldably mounted on the front end of the body 70 and can be loaded with a large number. Crop seedlings. That is to say, the auxiliary seed rack 67 can be labor-savingly large, so that efficient work can be continued.
  • the auxiliary seedling rack 67 can be folded or rotated, and can be stored when encountering an obstacle. It is only necessary to place the selected transplanted crop seedlings on the transplanting platform 62 to operate easily, saving time and labor, and saving. Artificial.
  • the auxiliary seed frame 67 further includes a balance adjusting member 671 and an adjusting handle 672, and the adjusting handle 672 adjusts the balance adjusting member 671, thereby being simple.
  • the tilt angle of the auxiliary seed rack 67 is adjusted so that the electric multi-function transplanter can maintain a balanced transplant state even in a field where the left and right sides are uneven.
  • the auxiliary seedling frame 67 is a multi-layer seedling frame structure, and in another embodiment of the invention, the auxiliary seedling frame 67A is a single layer seedling.
  • the frame structure does not block the operator's line of sight.
  • the electric system provides power for the efficient operation of the machine.
  • the low vibration and low noise design makes the operator feel relaxed and comfortable for a long time.
  • the machine works efficiently and quickly, with a high efficiency of 30 minutes per acre.
  • the transplant efficiency can reach 2,300 plants per hour, which is nearly five times the efficiency of artificial transplantation.
  • the electric multi-function transplanter since the electric multi-function transplanter is open work in the field and requires better waterproof measures, it should generally reach IP65. Therefore, an aviation connector (the connector can meet the IP66 standard) is used for a motor power line output end 310 of the motor 31, and a silicone pad is used at both ends of the motor 31, and the output of the motor 31 is used. A waterproof and oil-resistant sealing oil seal is used at the shaft.
  • the display system 50 of the electric multi-function transplanter comprises a battery information display module 51, a body state display module 52 and a display screen 53. The information of the battery information display module 51 and the body state display module 52 can be displayed on the display screen 53.
  • the display screen 53 is disposed on a manipulation armrest of the body 70 to facilitate an operator to read information fed back by the display system 50. It can be understood by those skilled in the art that in other embodiments of the present invention, the display screen 53 may also be disposed outside the battery case 11, so that the operator can observe the feedback information of the battery pack 12. .
  • the connection mode of the internal modules of the display system 50 is integrated. In other embodiments of the present invention, the connection mode of the internal modules of the display system 50 is remotely monitored, that is, the operator can remotely monitor the electric multifunctional transplanter using a remote monitor.
  • the display system 50 is capable of monitoring the current and voltage of the battery pack 12, the amount of power of the battery pack 12, the SOC state, the rotational speed of the motor 31, the speed of the electric multifunction implanter (eg, travel speed, transplantation) Time interval, etc.; control the number of strains of plant spacing for crop seedling transplants, etc.
  • the battery information display module 51 may further include an SOC status display module, a current voltage display module and a power display module electrically connected to each other. More specifically, the SOC status display module is electrically coupled to the SOC module to instantly display SOC status information onto the display screen 53.
  • the current voltage display module is electrically connected to the detecting module 132 to instantly display the voltage and current state of the battery pack 12 onto the display screen 53.
  • the power display module is electrically connected to the charge and discharge management and control module 1312 to instantly display the power information of the battery pack 12 on the display screen 53.
  • the battery information display module 51 may further include an alarm sounding module electrically connected to the thermal management and control module 1313 for generating a short circuit of the battery and overheating of the battery. Promptly sounded to alert the operator.
  • the agricultural machine power system 400 of the electric multi-function transplanter of the present invention is explained in the following description, wherein the agricultural machine power system 400 is in the electric multi-function transplant.
  • the machine is powered by an operator and is used to transplant the crop seedlings to power the electric multifunction transplanter.
  • the electric multi-function transplanter includes an agricultural machine body 402 and the agricultural machinery power system 400 disposed on and connected to the agricultural machine body 402, wherein the agricultural machine power system 400 is used to generate and Power is transmitted to the agricultural machine body 402 to assist the operator of the electric multi-function transplanter in agricultural work by the agricultural machine body 402.
  • the agricultural power system 400 is disposed at the front end of the agricultural machine body 402. In this manner, the operator of the electric multi-function transplanter can conveniently and flexibly operate the electric multi-function transplanter, especially When the electric multi-function transplanter is operated to make a turn, the electric multi-function transplanter can conveniently lift the front end to perform a turning operation on the electric multi-function transplanter with the rear wheel as a fulcrum.
  • the agricultural power system 400 includes an electric device 401 and a power mechanism 450 connected to the electric device 401 and the agricultural machine body 402, wherein the power mechanism 450 is connected to the electric device 401, and the power A mechanism 450 is disposed on the agricultural machine body 402, and the power mechanism 450 is coupled to the agricultural machine body 502.
  • the electric device 401 is for supplying electric energy and transmitting the electric energy to the power mechanism 450, and the power mechanism 450 generates and transmits power to the agricultural machine body 402 to assist the electric multifunction by the agricultural machine body 402.
  • the operator of the transplanter performs agricultural work.
  • the electric device 401 further includes a battery pack 420 and at least two connectors 440, wherein at least one of the connectors 440 is an input connector, and the other connector 440 is a connector.
  • An output connector wherein the input connector and the output connector are respectively connected to an input end and an output end of the battery pack 420, and the power mechanism 450 is connected to the output connector, wherein
  • the input connector replenishes external electrical energy to the battery pack 420, and outputs electrical energy stored in the battery pack 420 to the power mechanism 450 through the output connector to be generated by the power mechanism 450
  • the power is transmitted and transmitted to the agricultural machine body 402 to drive the agricultural machine body 402 to operate.
  • the electric device 401 further includes a power management module 430, wherein the power management module 430 is housed in the container 410, and the power management module 430 is connected to the battery pack 420.
  • the power management module 430 can obtain the battery pack 420 by collecting real-time data of the battery pack 420 when the battery pack 420 is supplemented with power through the input connector and outputs power through the output connector. The real-time state, thereby managing the battery pack 420 to enable the battery pack 420 to output power in a balanced manner. In this manner, the power management module 430 can prevent the battery pack 420 from being excessively charged or discharged. Thereby extending the service life of the battery pack 420.
  • the battery pack 420 includes at least two rechargeable batteries 421.
  • each of the rechargeable batteries 421 is connected in parallel to form the battery pack 420, in such a manner that the capacity of the battery pack 420 can be increased and The cost of the battery pack 420 is reduced.
  • the type of the rechargeable battery 421 constituting the battery pack 420 is not limited.
  • the rechargeable battery 421 may be, but not limited to, a lead-acid battery, a lithium ion battery, a nickel hydrogen battery, and a nickel cadmium. Batteries, zinc-air batteries, solar cells, bio-batteries or fuel cells.
  • the electric device 401 includes a heat dissipating mechanism 460 disposed adjacent to the battery pack 420 for helping the battery pack 420 to dissipate heat.
  • the heat dissipation mechanism 460 can also be connected to the power management module 430 to manage the working state of the heat dissipation mechanism 460 by the power management module 430.
  • the power management module 430 further includes an acquisition module 431, an analysis module 432, and a control module 433 that are connected to each other.
  • the collection module 431 is connected to the battery pack 420 to enable the acquisition module 431 to collect real-time data of the battery pack 420 and send the real-time data to the analysis module 432, and the analysis module 432 can
  • the real-time status of the battery pack 420 is obtained according to the real-time data collected by the acquisition module 431, and the control module 433 manages the battery pack 420 according to the real-time status of the battery pack 420 obtained by the analysis module 432.
  • the power management module 430 is capable of managing a discharge process of the battery pack 420.
  • the acquisition module 431 is capable of collecting real-time data of each of the rechargeable batteries 421 when the battery pack 420 outputs electrical energy outward, for example, the acquisition mode.
  • the block 431 is capable of acquiring real-time data such as voltage and/or current outputted outwardly from each of the rechargeable batteries 421, and transmitting the real-time data to the analysis module 432.
  • the analysis module 432 obtains real-time status of each of the rechargeable battery 421 of the battery pack 420 and the battery pack 420 according to real-time data of each of the rechargeable batteries 421 collected by the acquisition module 431, for example, The analysis module 432 obtains each of the rechargeable battery of the battery pack 420 and the battery pack 420 according to a voltage and/or current outputted by each of the rechargeable batteries 421 obtained by the acquisition module 431. The remaining capacity of 421.
  • the control module 433 is capable of managing the battery pack 420 and the battery pack 420 according to the real-time status of the battery pack 420 and the rechargeable battery 421 of the battery pack 420 obtained by the analysis module 432.
  • Each of the rechargeable batteries 421, for example, the control module 433, is capable of controlling the amount of electrical energy that each of the rechargeable batteries 421 outputs outward according to the remaining power of each of the rechargeable batteries 421, thereby causing the batteries
  • the remaining power of each of the rechargeable batteries 421 of the group 420 is equalized, in such a manner that the power management module 430 can manage the discharging process of the battery pack 420.
  • the power management module 430 is capable of managing the charging process of the battery pack 420.
  • the collecting module 431 can collect real-time data of each of the rechargeable batteries 421 when the battery pack 420 is charged, for example, the collecting module 431 can collect the electric energy charged by each of the rechargeable batteries 421.
  • Real-time data such as voltage and/or current, and the real-time data is sent to the analysis module 432.
  • the analysis module 432 obtains real-time status of each of the rechargeable battery 421 of the battery pack 420 and the battery pack 420 according to real-time data of each of the rechargeable batteries 421 collected by the acquisition module 431, for example, The analysis module 432 obtains each of the battery pack 420 and the battery pack 420 according to the voltage and/or current of the electric energy charged by each of the rechargeable batteries 421 obtained by the acquisition module 431. The amount of charge of the rechargeable battery 421.
  • the control module 433 is capable of managing the battery pack 420 and the battery pack 420 according to the real-time status of the battery pack 420 and the rechargeable battery 421 of the battery pack 420 obtained by the analysis module 432.
  • Each of the rechargeable batteries 421, for example, the control module 433, can control the amount of electric energy charged to each of the rechargeable batteries 421 according to the amount of power of each of the rechargeable batteries 421, thereby causing the battery pack
  • the amount of charge that each of the rechargeable batteries 421 of 420 is charged is equalized, and in this manner, the power management module 430 can manage the charging process of the battery pack 420.
  • the acquisition module 431 includes at least one of a voltage sensor 4311, a current sensor 4312, and a temperature sensor 4313.
  • the collector module 431 can be collected by the voltage sensor 4311 and the current sensor 4312.
  • the collecting module 431 can obtain the real-time status of the battery pack 420 when the battery pack 420 outputs electrical energy to the outside or when the battery pack 420 is charged with electric energy, and the collecting module 431 passes through the temperature sensor 4313.
  • the temperature of the interior of the vessel 410 can be collected to obtain the real-time status of the battery pack 420.
  • the voltage sensor 4311, the current sensor 4312, and the temperature sensor 4313 of the acquisition module 431 are connected to the power management module 430 through a CAN bus (Controller Area Network bus).
  • CAN bus Controller Area Network bus
  • the electric device 401 further includes a display mechanism 480.
  • the power management module 430 further includes a feedback module 434 coupled to the display mechanism 480, wherein the feedback module 434 is capable of obtaining the power management module 430.
  • the real-time status of the battery pack 420 is sent to the display mechanism 480 for viewing by an operator of the electric multi-function transplanter. In this way, the operator and the operator of the electric multi-function transplanter can be realized.
  • the interaction between the electric multi-function transplanters is such that the operator of the electric multi-function transplanter can better operate the electric multi-function transplanter.
  • the feedback module 434 and the collection module 431 and the The analysis module 432 and the control module 433 are connected to each other.
  • the display mechanism 480 can be implemented as any mechanism capable of realizing interaction between an operator of the electric multi-function transplanter and the battery pack 420, for example, in one embodiment, the display The mechanism 480 can be implemented as a display screen, and in another embodiment, the display mechanism 480 can also be implemented as a column of LED light-emitting elements capable of displaying the amount of power of the battery pack 420 according to the length of illumination of the column of LED light-emitting elements. .
  • the power management module 630 includes a diagnostic module 631A, a management module 632A, and a display unit 633A.
  • the battery unit 620 is electrically connected to the diagnostic module 631A, the management module 632A, and the display unit 633A, wherein the diagnostic module 631A, the management module 632A, and the display unit 633A are respectively used together.
  • control such as data collection, battery state estimation, energy management, security management, communication functions, thermal management, charging assurance functions, fault diagnosis and historical data storage.
  • the power management module 630 includes a control unit 6301, a temperature sensor 6302, an equalization circuit 6303, a voltage collection circuit 6304, and a current collection.
  • the management of the battery pack 620 by the power management module 630 includes accurately estimating the SOC, that is, accurately estimating the state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack 620, which is also called the remaining battery power, and The power management module 630 ensures that the SOC is maintained within a reasonable range to prevent damage caused by overcharging or over-discharging to the battery pack 620, and further predicts how much energy or energy storage the battery pack 620 has remaining. The state of charge of the battery.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the power management module 630 includes a control unit 631B, a voltage detection 632B, a temperature detection 633B, a protection unit 634B, and a charging equalization unit. 635B, a memory 636B, a fuel gauge 637B, a protection circuit 638B and a switching module 639B, the above units and circuits are connected according to design requirements for effective management and security monitoring of the battery pack 620.
  • the regulation of the battery pack 620 by the power management module 630 includes accurately estimating the SOC, that is, accurately estimating the state of charge (SOC) of the battery pack 620, which is also called the remaining battery power, and Through the power management module 630 element to ensure that the SOC is maintained within a reasonable range, to prevent damage caused by overcharging or over-discharging to the battery pack 620, and further predicting how much energy or storage the battery pack 620 still has at any time.
  • SOC state of charge
  • the connector 640 can be directly charged, or directly from the electric multi-function transplanter.
  • the electric device 601 is replaced. That is, the electric multi-function transplanter includes a mounting groove for detachably fixing the electric device 601, so that the electric device 601 can be easily and conveniently replaced from the electric multi-function transplanter, so as to be
  • another electric device 601 filled with electric energy can be conveniently replaced at any time to avoid affecting the operation of the electric multi-function transplanter.
  • the electric device 601 is installed at the position of the electric multi-function transplanter, and should be disposed as far as possible in the position of the internal combustion engine of the conventional transplanter, so as not to change the traditional transplanter as much as possible. structure.
  • the electric device 601 may also be disposed at a center of gravity of the electric multi-function transplanter to make the electric multi-function transplanter easily balanced, thereby being conveniently and safely used.
  • the present invention also provides an arrangement of the electric device 601 of the electric multi-function transplanter, which comprises the following steps:
  • a power management module 630 is connected to a battery pack 620;

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

一种电动多功能移植机,包括:一农机本体(402)和一农机动力系统(400),所述农机动力系统(400)被设置于所述农机本体(402)。所述农机动力系统(400)包括一电动装置(401)和一动力机构(450)。所述电动装置(401)包括一电池组(420)、一输入连接器和一输出连接器,所述输入连接器被连接于所述电池组(420)的输入端,所述输出连接器被连接于所述电池组(420)的输出端。所述动力机构(450)被设置于所述农机本体(402)且被连接于所述农机本体(402),所述输出连接器被连接于所述动力机构(450),其中所述输出连接器用于将所述电池组(420)提供的电能传输至所述动力机构(450)而产生动力,和将动力进一步传输至所述农机本体(402)而驱动所述农机本体(402)工作。

Description

电动多功能移栽机及其应用 技术领域
本发明涉及农业机械领域,尤其涉及一电动多功能移栽机及其应用。
背景技术
农业机械(即农机)的发展和在农业领域的大规模被应用,使农机在很大程度上改变了农业劳作方式和降低了农业从业者的劳动强度。农机在被使用时需要动力源产生和提供动力以进行工作。现有的农机,例如移植机采用内燃机作为动力源,然而现有的移植机的这种动力产生和输出方式虽然能够提供足够的动力,但是其仍然存在着很多的缺陷以至于比较严重地制约着移植机的进一步发展。
首先,现有的移植机的内燃机以柴油、汽油等作为燃料,这些燃料在燃烧的过程中会排放有害气体。尤其是被应用于凹凸不平的种植环境(例如坡地或者水田等)的移植机对于其扭矩的要求一般比较大,而大扭矩的移植机是建立在内燃机的输出功率的基础上。也就是说,具有大功率的移植机一般要求内燃机具有较大的输出功率的能力,而内燃机在输出较大的功率时由于其转速会降低则导致内燃机的柴油、汽油等燃料的燃烧率比较低,内燃机的柴油、汽油等燃料的不完全燃烧不仅容易造成能源的浪费,而且对于环境以及移植机的操作者都会造成不良的影响。尤其是对于移植机的操作者来说,内燃机排放的有害气体容易被移植机的操作者直接呼吸,从而给移植机的操作者的呼吸系统、肝脏、肾脏、心脏的脏器器官都会带来不良的影像。
其次,现有的移植机的内燃机在工作的过程中会产生较大的噪音,而移植机的操作者长期处于噪音环境中不仅会损害移植机的操作者的听力,而且对于移植机的操作者的情绪的影响也是比较大的,主要表现在,当移植机的操作者长时间处于噪音环境中容易导致移植机的操作者的情绪暴躁。另外,现有的移植机的内燃机的重量较大,导致移植机不能够被农机操作者灵活地进行操作。
另外,种植业越来越朝向精细化的方向发展,尤其是在城市的郊区,现在在种植蔬菜、水果时,都会使用到大棚,大棚是一个相对封闭的环境,这种相对封闭的环境有利于蔬菜和水果的生长,然而如果在大棚内使用传统的具有内燃机的移植机来移植蔬菜、水果,则内燃机排放的有害气体必然会滞留在大棚内,而一旦这种现象出现,则不仅会危害进入大棚内的劳动者的身体健康,而且也会给在大棚内被种植的蔬菜、水果造成不良现象。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机以电力为动力源,能够用于栽植烟草、蔬菜等多种类农作物幼苗。
本发明的一个目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机特别适于被应用于相对封闭的环境中,例如在大棚种植环境中使用所述电动多功能移植机移植农作物幼苗时,有利于保证所述电动多功能移植机的操作者和农作物幼苗的健康。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机 采用电动系统,以为高效作业提供了动力保障。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,所述电动多功能移植机包括有一电池箱,以为所述电动多功能移植机提供动力。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机的所述电池箱包括有一电池管理系统,其中所述电池管理系统能够检测并处理所述电池箱的各种电池信息。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机包括一控制系统和一驱动系统,所述控制系统检测所述驱动系统并提供可行性的工作信息,并且所述控制系统能够及时给予所述驱动系统指令;所述驱动系统通过机械传动机构给予各功能模块动力。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机包括一显示系统,操作人员通过所述显示系统提供的信息操作相关的机械机构达到运行和移植农作物幼苗的目的。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机具有良好的防水性能。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机能够适应垄的凹凸不平,并保持移植深度一致,移植轨迹整齐。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机具有优良的适用性以及轻盈精巧的设计,即使转弯也可以轻松安全操作,山区和丘陵地带同样可以实现担任操作。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机可搭载大量移植幼苗,从而持续进行高效作业。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机具有低震动和低噪音的设计,从而使操作人员长时间作业也能感觉轻松舒适。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机包括一打塘部件,能够先打塘后进行移植,可在塘中蓄水,从而减少劳动,适合干燥地区作业的需要。
本发明的另一目的在于提供一电动多功能移栽机及其应用,其中所述电动多功能移植机具有一压膜部件,其中所述压膜部件在所述电动多功能移植机被使用时不会损坏薄膜。
依本发明的一个方面,本发明提供一电动多功能移植机,其包括:
一电池箱;
一控制系统,其中所述控制系统被连接于所述电池箱;
一驱动系统,其中所述驱动系统被连接于所述控制系统;
一机械传动机构,其中所述机械传动机构被连接于所述驱动系统;以及
一移植组件,其中所述移植组件被连接于所述机械传动机构,其中在所述电池箱提供电能供应下,实现所述电动多功能移植机的移植操作。
根据本发明的一个实施例,电动多功能移植机通过轮毂电机驱动方式实现行走功能。
依本发明的另一个方面,本发明进一步提供一电动多功能移植机,其包括:
一农机本体;和
一农机动力系统,其中所述农机动力系统被设置于所述农机本体,其中所述农机动力系统进一步包括:
一电动装置,其中所述电动装置包括一电池组、一输入连接器和一输出连接器,所
述输入连接器被连接于所述电池组的输入端,所述输出连接器被连接于所述电池组的输
出端;和
一动力机构,其中所述动力机构被设置于所述农机本体且被连接于所述农机本体,
所述输出连接器被连接于所述动力机构,其中所述输出连接器用于将所述电池组提供的
电能传输至所述动力机构,以藉由所述动力机构产生动力和将动力进一步传输至所述农
机本体而驱动所述农机本体工作。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的一优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的立体示意图。
图2是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的框架示意图。
图3是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一电池箱的立体示意图。
图4是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的部分放大立体示意图。
图5是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的部分放大立体示意图。
图6是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一电机调速器的立体示意图。
图7是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一移植组件的部分放大立体示意图。
图8是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一移植载台的立体放大示意图。
图9是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一移植插嘴的立体放大示意图。
图10是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一摊平件的立体放大示意图。
图11是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一机体升降传感器的立体放大示意图。
图12是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一打塘件的立体放大示意图。
图13是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一辅助苗架的立体示意图。
图14是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一压膜件的立体放大示意图。
图15A是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一辅助苗架的立体示意图。
图15B是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动多功能移植机的一调节手柄的立体放大示意图。
图16是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的农机动力系统的框图示意图。
图17是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的农机动力系统的电动装置的电源管理模块的框图示意图。
图18是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动装置的第一替代模式的电源管理模块的框图示意图。
图19是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动装置的第二替代模式的电源管理模块的框图示意图。
图20是根据本发明的上述优选实施例的电动装置的第三替代模式的电源管理模块的框图示意图。
具体实施方式
如图1至图15所示为本发明的一电动多功能移植机的一优选实施例。所述电动多功能移植机以电力为动力源,能够用于栽植烟草、蔬菜、水果等多种类农作物幼苗。
所述电动多功能移植机包括一电池箱10、一控制系统20、一驱动系统30、一机械传动机构40、一显示系统50、一移植组件60和一机身70。所述机身70包括一机体支撑架71和一行进组件72。在本优选实施例中,所述行进组件72被实施为多个机轮720,并且每个所述机轮720分别被可滚动地连接于所述机体支撑架71。所述电池箱10、所述机械传动机构40、所述驱动系统30和所述控制系统20均设置于所述机体支撑架71上。所述电池箱10输出电能并通过所述驱动系统30将电动转化成动能,和将所述动能传输至所述机械传动机构40,所述机械传动机构40完成所述电动多功能移植机的前进后退等运行以及带动所述移植组件60完成移植农作物幼苗的目的。具体地说,至少两个所述机轮720被可驱动地设置于所述机械传动机构40,以在所述电池箱10为所述驱动系统30提供电能而使所述驱动系统30提供动力时,所述驱动系统30提供的动力能够通过所述机械传动机构40传输到所述机轮720上,从而驱动所述机轮720转动,以使所述电动多功能移植机行走。另外,所述移植组件60被可驱动地设置于所述机械传动机构40,以使所述机械传动机构40能够将动力提供给所述移植组件60,从而驱动所述移植组件60工作。
如图2和图3所示,所述电池箱10能够为所述电动多功能移植机提供电力能源。具体地,所述电池箱10包括一电池箱体11、一电池组12、一电池管理系统13和一输出端连接器14。所述电池组12和所述电池管理系统13被电气性连接,并且所述电池组12和所述电池管理系统13分别被设置于所述电池箱体11内。所述输出端连接器14设置于所述电池箱体11的侧部,所述输出端连接器14连接于所述控制系统20和所述显示系统50。例如,所述输出端连接器14能够从所述电池箱体11的内部延伸至外部,其中所述输出端连接器14在所述电池箱体11的内部和所述电池组12与所述电池管理系统13相互连接,所述输出端连接器14在所述电池箱体11的外部能够被连接所述控制系统20和所述显示系统50。优选地,所述控制系统20和所述显示系统50分别被可拆卸地连接于所述输出端连接器14。所述输出端连接器14进一步包括一CAN输出端141和一电源线输出端142。所述CAN输出 端141通过CAN总线的方式和其他部件进行信息交换,例如,所述CAN输出端141通过CAN总线的方式能够和所述控制系统20与所述显示系统50进行信息交换,其中所述电源线输出端142能够被连接于一电源适配器90,得以对所述电池组12进行充电,例如所述电源适配器90能够被连接于一外部电源,和将所述外部电源的电能通过所述电源线输出端142被补充至所述电池组12。
更进一步地,所述电池组12的内部具有多个电池单元120,各所述电池单元120并联连接后电连接于所述电池管理系统13。所述电池组12通过所述电池管理系统13检测后输出电能,从而为所述电动多功能移植机提供动力能源。
进一步地,在本发明的这个优选实施例中,所述电池箱体11还包括两端盖,所述输出端连接器14设置在所述端盖两侧。所述电池管理系统13通过CAN总线的方式与所述电动多功能移植机的所述控制系统20进行信息交互。所述电池管理系统13电连接于所述显示系统50,能够将所述电池组12的信息输出至所述显示系统50,方便进行人机交互,例如所述电池组12的剩余电量和续航里程等信息都可以被显示在所述显示系统50和在被所述电动多功能移植机的操作者查看。
更具体地,所述电池管理系统13(英文为BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM,以下简称为BMS)是所述电池组12与操作人员之间的纽带,主要对象是所述电池组12,例如所述电池组12可以被实施为但不限于可充电电池。所述电池管理系统(BMS)13主要就是为了能够提高电池的利用率,防止电池出现过度充电和过度放电,延长电池的使用寿命,监控电池的状态。
所述电动多功能移植机的所述电池管理系统(BMS)13主要用于对所述电动多功能移植机的电池参数进行实时监控、故障诊断、SOC估算、短路保护、漏电检测、显示报警、充放电选择等,并通过CAN总线的方式与所述电动多功能移植机的所述控制系统20进行信息交互,保障所述电动多功能移植机高效、可靠、安全作业。
因此,所述电池管理系统(BMS)13进一步包括一控制单元模块131、一检测模块132、一电量均衡及控制模块133和一数据通信与传输模块134。各所述电池单元120分别被连接于所述检测模块132,所述检测模块132被电连接于所述控制单元模块131,所述控制单元模块131被连接于所述电量均衡及控制模块133。所述控制单元模块131通过CAN总线和所述输出端连接器14连接于所述控制系统20,以进行信息交互。所述数据通信与传输模块134能够将所述电池组12的各信息通过所述CAN输出端141传送至所述显示系统50。所述检测模块132进一步包括一数据采集与分析模块1321和一绝缘检测模块1322,所述控制单元模块131包括一SOC模块(State of Charge)1311、一充放电管理与控制模块1312和一热管理与控制模块1313。
更具体地,所述数据采集与分析模块1321被连接于所述电池组12的每个所述电池单元120,以使得所述数据采集与分析模块1321在所述电池组12充放电过程中,实时采集所述电动多功能移植机的所述电池组12中的每个所述电池单元120的端电压和温度、充放电电流及电池组总电压。所述SOC模块1311被连接于所述电池组12,以使得所述SOC模块1311准确估测动力所述电池组12的荷电状态,即电池剩余电量,保证SOC维持在合理的范围内, 防止由于过充电或过放电对电池造成损伤,并随时显示所述电动多功能移植机的所述电池组12的剩余能量,即储能电池的荷电状态。所述充放电管理与控制模块1312倍连接于所述电池组12,以使得所述充放电管理与控制模块1312防止所述电池组12发生过充电或过放电现象。所述电量均衡及控制模块133被连接于所述电池组12的每个所述电池单元120,以使得所述电量均衡及控制模块133为各所述电池单元120均衡充电,能够判断并自行进行均衡处理,使所述电池组12中各个所述电池单元120都达到均衡一致的状态。所述电池组12的主要信息通过所述电池管理系统13的所述数据通信与传输模块134在所述显示系统50进行实时显示,也就是说,所述数据通信与传输模块134也能够被连接于所述电池组12。所述热管理与控制模块1313被连接于所述电池组12,以使得所述热管理与控制模块1313实时采集所述电池组12的所述电池单元120内的测点温度,通过对散热风扇的控制防止电池温度过高。所述绝缘监测模块1322被连接于所述电池组12,以使得所述绝缘检测模块1322监测供电短路漏电等可能对人身和设备产生危害的状况。所述电池组12与所述检测模块132的所述数据采集与分析模块1321和所述绝缘监测模块1322之间可以采用精度高、稳定性好的传感器(例如电流传感器、电压传感器和温度传感器等)来进行实时检测。
值得一提的是,所述电池组12采用模块化蓄电池,蓄电池的种类可以采用多种,例如阀控密封式铅酸蓄电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、锂离子电池、聚合物锂电池、锌空电池、太阳能电池、生物电池、燃料电池等等。为了将进一步减轻整机的重量,优选地,在本发明的这个优选实施例中,所述电池组12采用锂离子电池。
此外,在本发明的这个优选实施例中,所述电池组12实施为模块化的蓄电池可以达到不同型号的所述电动多功能移植机的通用。所述模块化蓄电池之间为并联连接,也就是说,各电池同级全部相连,电压不变,输出电流为各电池的总电流之和。
值得一提的是,所述输出端连接器14的各输出端接口全部使用通用的接口。从而可以根据不同的功率的需要拆分或者合并使用。所述电池组12的设置位置,在本发明的其他实施例中,也可以在尽量不改变原来使用内燃机作为动力源的传统移植机的结构设置。也就是说,在原来内燃机的设置位置上代替内燃机设置所述电池组12,以此降低所述电动多功能移植机的制造成本。
所述控制系统20检测所述驱动系统30并提供可行性的工作信息,并且所述控制系统20能够及时给予所述驱动系统30指令;所述驱动系统30通过所述机械传动机构40给予各功能模块动力;所述电动多功能能移植机的操作人员通过所述显示系统50提供的信息操作设置于所述机身70上的相关的机械机构达到运行和移植农作物幼苗的目的。
更具体地,所述控制系统20包括一CAN通信模块21和一电控单元模块22。所述CAN通信模块21被电连接于所述输出端连接器14以及所述显示系统50,以用于信息的通信与传输。所述电控单元模块22被连接于所述驱动系统30,以使得所述电控单元模块22用于检测所述驱动系统30并提供可行性的工作信息,并及时给予所述驱动系统30指令。
值得一提的是,在本发明的优选实施例中,所述控制系统20的操控方式采用集成式。集成式的所述控制系统20被设置在所述机身70上,通过有线或者无线的方式连接至各功能模块。在本发明的其他实施例中,所述控制系统20的操控方式为远程遥控式,也即是说操 作人员可以使用一远程遥控器对所述电动多功能移植机进行远程遥控。
所述驱动系统30包括一电机31、一变速箱32、一离合器33和一输出轴34。所述离合器33被连接所述电机31和所述变速箱32,所述变速箱32被连接于所述输出轴34,所述电机31控制所述变速箱32实现所述机械传动机构40的驱动。为了更好地节省空间和保持所述电动多功能移植机的外观,所述电机31的安装位置处于所述机身70的前端,优选地,如图4所示,所述电机31设置于所述电池箱10的下方。所述电机31的初始转速以及所述输出轴34的转速分别通过一转速传感器351和352检测到并反馈给所述控制系统20。所述控制系统20的所述电控单元模块22通过一执行机构组件36给予所述驱动系统30指令。也就是说,所述驱动系统30还包括所述执行机构组件36,其中所述执行机构组件36包括一电动执行机构361、一离合器执行机构362和一换挡驱动执行机构363。所述电控单元模块22通过所述电动执行机构361控制所述电机31,所述电控单元模块22通过所述离合器执行机构362控制所述离合器33,所述电控单元模块22通过所述换挡驱动执行机构363控制所述变速箱32,也就是说,所述电动执行机构361被连接于所述电控单元模块22和所述电机31,所述离合器执行机构362被连接于所述电控单元模块22和所述离合器33,所述换挡驱动执行机构363被连接于所述电控单元模块22和所述变速箱32。
此外,为了使所述电机31的转速有更大的调节范围,从而实现农作物幼苗的株距的多级范围,如图5和图6所示,所述驱动系统30还包括一电机调速器37,能够进一步调节所述电机31的转速范围。所述电机调速器37连接于所述电机31。所述电机调速器37可以是Curtis(美国科蒂斯CURTIS公司,主营的产品有电机控制系统、仪表、功率转换器、输出/输入装置、电流转换产品等)生产的AC Motor Controllers 1232机型。优选地,在本发明的这个优选实施例中,所述电机调速器37简化了内部功能,具有控制电机完成前进和后退的功能,降低了整机的生产成本。
此外,由于所述电动多功能移植机的工作的特殊性,其需要较强的转矩和较高的绝缘性,故采用了免维护、结构简单、调速范围广的交流变频电机。在所述电动多功能移植机在运行转弯时需要翘起所述机身70的前端才能实施转弯功能,因此对所述电机31的重量提出了很高的要求。也就是说,所述电机31的类型采用鼠笼式交流电机(转子绕组不是由绝缘导线绕制而成,而是铝条或铜条与短路环焊接而成或铸造而成的三相异步电动机称为鼠笼式电机)。
值得一提的是,所述电机31和所述变速箱32的连接方式有齿轮连接、轴连接、皮带连接和花键连接方式。在本发明的优选实施例中,所述电机31和所述变速箱32的连接方式采用齿轮连接。齿轮连接能够将齿轴、传动轴和链条、齿轮、皮带轮、正轮都整合进去。
进一步地,所述输出轴34进一步包括一行进输出轴342和一移植输出轴341,其中所述行进传输轴342和所述移植输出轴341分别被连接于所述变速箱32。所述机械传动机构40进一步包括一行进传动机构42和一移植传动机构41。所述行进传动机构42被连接于所述行进输出轴342。所述行进传动机构42在所述行进输出轴342的驱动下带动所述电动多功能移植机的所述行进组件72,也即,所述行进组件72被可驱动地设置于所述行进传动机构42。也就是说,在本发明的这个优选实施例中,所述电机31得以驱动所述电动多功能移 植机的所述机轮720转动,各所述机轮720转动完成所述电动多功能移植机的前进、后退和速度的改变等行进功能。
进一步地,所述移植传动机构41被连接于所述移植输出轴341和所述移植组件60,在所述电机31的驱动下,所述移植输出轴341通过所述移植传输机构41向所述移植组件60传输动力,并通过所述移植组件60完成农作物幼苗的移植功能。
也就是说,所述机械传动机构40是一个动力分配机构,其中所述机械传动机构40能够通过所述行进传动机构42将动力传输至所述行进组件72,即,所述行进组件72被可驱动地设置于所述行进传动机构42,另外,所述机械传动机构40能够通过所述移植传动机构41将动力传输至所述移植组件60,即,所述移植组件60被可驱动地设置于所述移植传动机构41。值得一提的是,在本发明的其他实施例中,所述电动多功能移植机也可以采用轮毂电机技术,也就是说将动力、传动和制动装置都整合到轮毂内,以得到带有轮毂电机的所述行进组件72。
如图7所示,所述移植组件60包括一移植插嘴61和一移植载台62。所述移植插嘴61被连接于所述移植传动机构41,并能够在所述移植传动机构41的带动下进行上下两个方向的位移运动。所述移植载台62被设置于所述机体支撑架71上,并能够在所述移植传动机构41的带动下进行旋转运动。也就是说,所述移植插嘴61和所述移植载台62能够分别被可驱动地连接于所述移植传动机构41,以藉由所述移植传动机构41带动所述移植插嘴61上下运动和带动所述移植载台62转动。如图8所示,所述移植载台62包括一载台621和多个苗杯622,例如所述载台621可以是但不限于圆形,当所述载台621是圆形时,所述载台621形成所述圆形载台621,其中每个所述苗杯622分别被均匀分布在所述圆形载台621上,所述圆形载台621具有数量与所述苗杯622的数量相对应的苗杯载孔6210,所述苗杯622的底端位于所述苗杯载孔6210内,从而将所述苗杯622设置于所述圆形载台621。所述苗杯622的底部具有一落苗孔6220以及一单端连接于所述苗杯622底部的一苗杯盖6221,例如所述苗杯盖6221可以被轴连接于所述苗杯622的底部,其中所述苗杯盖6221能够封闭所述苗杯622的所述落苗孔6220,以使农作物幼苗被保持在所述苗杯622内,并且所述苗杯盖6221还能够打开所述落苗孔6220,以使得被保持在所述苗杯622内的农作物幼苗能够通过所述落苗孔6220从所述苗杯622内脱落。所述移植插嘴61进一步包括一落苗件611和一插嘴部612。所述插嘴部612连接于所述落苗件611,其中所述落苗件611在所述圆形载台621的下部对应于一个所述苗杯622。当所述移植载台62旋转时,各所述苗杯盖6221由于自身重力依次下落,以使所述落苗孔6220为开放状态,并且农作物幼苗能够从所述落苗孔6220落入所述落苗件611中。所述插嘴部612的底部具有便于插入土中的尖端部6121。当所述尖端部6121插入土壤之后形成移植坑,农作物幼苗能够在所述落苗件611的引导下落入移植坑。优选地,在本实施例中,如图9所示,所述插嘴部612具有能够向左右开闭扩坑的两尖端部件并形成杯状插嘴部。也就是说,当所述移植传动机构41在所述电机31的驱动下带动所述移植载台62旋转以及带动所述移植插嘴61上下运动时,所述移植传动机构41能够控制所述移植载台62和所述移植插嘴61的同步性。更具体地说,当所述移植插嘴61位于上方时,所述移植载台62的所述落苗孔6220打开,农作物幼苗得以落入所述落苗件6112 内;当所述移植插嘴61向下移动时,所述尖端部6121插入土壤后,农作物幼苗被移植在形成的移植坑内。
值得一提的是,所述插嘴部612被可拆卸,能够根据不同的农作物幼苗移植的需要更换不同形状的所述插嘴部612,实现所述电动多功能移植机移植幼苗种类的多样性。例如,移植大型烟草幼苗时,所述插嘴部612实施为烟草专用大型鸭嘴,即使是大的烟苗也能够顺利插值,不会带苗,轻松拥有漂亮的插植姿态。采用烟草专用大型苗杯,只需要一个人就可以实现每小时2300株的移植,高效省力。大型横开式插植嘴,移栽整齐。
值得一提的是,如图10所示,所述移植组件60还包括一摊平件63被设置于所述机体支撑架71,其中在所述电动多功能移植机向前方行进时,所述摊平件63能够将需要被移植农作物幼苗的位置摊平,以在后续便于所述移植插嘴61的所述插嘴部612插入到被所述摊平件63弹屏后的需要被移植农作物幼苗的位置。
值得一提的是,如图11所示,所述移植组件60还包括一机体升降传感器64,其中所述机体升降传感器63被设置于所述摊平件63。所述机体升降传感器64能够适应垄的凹凸不平,自动升降,保持移植深度一致,移植轨迹整齐。
值得一提的是,如图12所示,所述移植组件60还包括一打塘件65,所述打塘件65连接于所述机体支撑架71。所述打塘件65得以使所述电动多功能移植机先打塘后移植,可在塘中蓄水,减少劳动,适合干燥地区作业需要。
具体地说,在所述电动多功能移植机被用于作用时,随着所述电动多功能移植机向前行进,所述摊平件63能够将垄(需要被移植农作物幼苗的位置一般设垄)弹屏,然后由所述打塘件65进行打塘,然后由所述移植插嘴61的所述插嘴部613插入被所述打塘件65打塘后的位置,从而完成对农作物幼苗的移植,并且在这个过程中,通过所述机体升降传感器64来控制所述移植插嘴61的所述插嘴部612插入的深度。
值得一提的是,如图13所示,所述移植组件60还包括一垄导向滚轮66,从而整机骑垄性强,即使变形垄也可以放心操作。
值得一提的是,如图14所示,所述移植组件60还包括一压膜件66,所述压膜件66连接于所述摊平件63,能够适用于表面附有薄膜的垄田。从而可以先在垄田里先覆盖薄膜之后进行农作物幼苗移植,保持薄膜覆盖的完整性,提高农作物幼苗移植和保暖的效率,也节省了人力。
值得一提的是,如图15A所示,所述移植组件60还包括一辅助苗架67,所述辅助苗架67可折叠地安装在所述机身70的前端,能够装载数量较多的农作物幼苗。也就是说,所述辅助苗架67能够大幅度省力,从而持续进行高效作业。所述辅助苗架67可折叠也可旋转,在遇到障碍物时,可收纳,只需要把挑选出来的移植农作物幼苗放置于所述移植载台62上即可轻松作业,省时省力,节省人工。
值得一提的是,如图13和图15B所示,所述辅助苗架67还包括一平衡调节件671以及一调节手柄672,所述调节手柄672调节所述平衡调节件671,从而能够简单实现调节所述辅助苗架67的倾斜角度,使所述电动多功能移植机即使在左右不平的田块里也可以保持平衡的移植状态。
值得一提的是,在本发明的这个优选实施例中,所述辅助苗架67为多层苗架架构,而在本发明的另一实施例中,所述辅助苗架67A为单层苗架结构,不会阻挡操作人员的视线。
值得一提的是,电动系统为机器的高效作业提供了动力保障,低震动和低噪音的设计使操作人员长时间作业也能感觉轻松舒适。机器作业高效迅速,每亩30分钟的高效率插植。移植效率能够达到每小时2300株,是人工移植效率的近五倍。
此外,值得一提的是,由于所述电动多功能移植机在田里是敞开式工作,需要更好的防水措施,一般应达到IP65。故对所述电机31的一电机电源线输出端310采用了航空连接器(此连接器能达到IP66的标准),所述电机31的两端盖处采用了硅胶垫,所述电机31的输出轴处采用了防水防油的密封油封。值得一提的是,所述电动多功能移植机的所述显示系统50包括一电池信息显示模块51、一机体状态显示模块52和一显示屏53。所述电池信息显示模块51和所述机体状态显示模块52的信息能够显示在所述显示屏53上。所述显示屏53设置于所述机身70的一操控扶手上,从而便于操作人员读取所述显示系统50反馈的信息。本领域的技术人员可以理解的是,在本发明的其他实施例中,所述显示屏53也可以设置于所述电池箱体11的外侧,从而便于操作人员观察所述电池组12的反馈信息。在本发明的优选实施例中,所述显示系统50内部模块的连接方式采用集成式。在本发明的其他实施例中,所述显示系统50内部模块的连接方式为远程监控式,也即是说操作人员可以使用一远程监控器对所述电动多功能移植机进行远程监控。所述显示系统50能够监控所述电池组12的电流和电压、所述电池组12的电量、SOC状态、所述电机31的转速、所述电动多功能移植机的速度(例如行进速度,移植时间间隔等);控制农作物幼苗移植的株间距的档数等。
进一步地,所述电池信息显示模块51还可以包括一SOC状态显示模块、一电流电压显示模块和一电量显示模块相互电连接。更具体地,所述SOC状态显示模块电连接于所述SOC模块,即时地将SOC状态信息显示到所述显示屏53上。所述电流电压显示模块电连接于所述检测模块132,即时地将所述电池组12的电压和电流状态显示到所述显示屏53上。所述电量显示模块电连接于所述充放电管理与控制模块1312,即时地将所述电池组12的电量信息显示于显示屏53上。值得一提的是,所述电池信息显示模块51还可以包括一报警发声模块,所述报警发声模块电连接于所述热管理和控制模块1313,用于在发生电池短路和电池过热等情况时及时发出声音警示操作人员。
如图1、图16和图17所示,本发明的所述电动多功能移植机的农机动力系统400在接下来的描述中被阐述,其中所述农机动力系统400在所述电动多功能移植机由操作者操作而被应用于移植农作物幼苗时,为所述电动多功能移植机提供动力。
如图1所示,所述电动多功能移植机包括一农机本体402和被设置于且被连接于所述农机本体402的所述农机动力系统400,其中所述农机动力系统400用于产生和传输动力至所述农机本体402,以藉由所述农机本体402帮助所述电动多功能移植机的操作者进行农业劳作。优选地,所述农机动力系统400被设置于所述农机本体402的前端,通过这样的方式,所述电动多功能移植机的操作者能够方便且灵活地操作所述电动多功能移植机,尤其是在操作所述电动多功能移植机进行转弯时,所述电动多功能移植机能够以后轮为支点而将前端方便地翘起以对所述电动多功能移植机执行转弯操作。
所述农机动力系统400包括一电动装置401和被连接于所述电动装置401与所述农机本体402的一动力机构450,其中所述动力机构450被连接于所述电动装置401,所述动力机构450被设置于所述农机本体402,并且所述动力机构450被连接于所述农机本体502。所述电动装置401用于提供电能并将电能传输至所述动力机构450,所述动力机构450产生和传输动力至所述农机本体402,以藉由所述农机本体402帮助所述电动多功能移植机的操作者进行农业劳作。
如图19A至图24所示,所述电动装置401进一步包括一电池组420和至少两连接器440,其中至少一个所述连接器440是一输入连接器,另外的所述连接器440是一输出连接器,其中所述输入连接器和所述输出连接器分别被连接于所述电池组420的输入端和输出端,并且所述动力机构450被连接于所述输出连接器,其中通过所述输入连接器将外部电能补充至所述电池组420,和通过所述输出连接器将被存储在所述电池组420的电能输出至所述动力机构450,以藉由所述动力机构450产生动力和将所述动力传输至所述农机本体402以驱动所述农机本体402工作。
所述电动装置401进一步包括一电源管理模块430,其中所述电源管理模块430被容纳于所述容器410,并且所述电源管理模块430被连接于所述电池组420。所述电源管理模块430能够在所述电池组420通过所述输入连接器被补充电能和通过所述输出连接器输出电能时,通过采集所述电池组420的实时数据以获得所述电池组420的实时状态,从而管理所述电池组420以使所述电池组420能够均衡地输出电能,通过这样的方式,所述电源管理模块430能够防止所述电池组420被过分地进行充电或者放电操作,从而延长所述电池组420的使用寿命。
值得一提的是,所述电池组420包括至少两可充电电池421。在本发明的所述农机动力系统400中,每个所述可充电电池421被以并联的方式连接以形成所述电池组420,通过这样的方式,能够增大所述电池组420的容量和降低所述电池组420的成本。在本发明中,组成所述电池组420的所述可充电电池421的类型不受限制,例如所述可充电电池421可以是但不限于铅酸蓄电池、锂离子电池、镍氢电池、镍镉电池、锌空电池、太阳能电池、生物电池或者燃料电池等。
如图16所示,所述电动装置401包括一散热机构460,所述散热机构460被邻近地设置于所述电池组420,以用于帮助所述电池组420散热。所述散热机构460还可以被连接于所述电源管理模块430,以藉由所述电源管理模块430管理所述散热机构460的工作状态。
如图17所示,所述电源管理模块430进一步包括被相互连接的一采集模块431、一分析模块432以及一控制模块433。所述采集模块431被连接于所述电池组420,以使得所述采集模块431能够采集所述电池组420的实时数据并将该实时数据发送至所述分析模块432,所述分析模块432能够根据所述采集模块431采集的实时数据获得所述电池组420的实时状态,所述控制模块433根据所述分析模块432获得的所述电池组420的实时状态管理所述电池组420。
所述电源管理模块430能够管理所述电池组420的放电过程。所述采集模块431能够在所述电池组420向外输出电能时采集每个所述可充电电池421的实时数据,例如所述采集模 块431能够采集每个所述可充电电池421向外输出的电压和/或电流等实时数据,并且将该实时数据发送至所述分析模块432。所述分析模块432根据所述采集模块431采集的每个所述可充电电池421的实时数据获得所述电池组420和所述电池组420的每个所述可充电电池421的实时状态,例如所述分析模块432根据所述采集模块431获得的每个所述可充电电池421向外输出的电压和/或电流获得所述电池组420和所述电池组420的每个所述可充电电池421的剩余电量。所述控制模块433能够根据所述分析模块432获得的所述电池组420和所述电池组420的每个所述可充电电池421的实时状态管理所述电池组420和所述电池组420的每个所述可充电电池421,例如所述控制模块433能够根据每个所述可充电电池421的剩余电量控制每个所述可充电电池421向外输出的电能的多少,从而使所述电池组420的每个所述可充电电池421的剩余电量被均衡,通过这样的方式,所述电源管理模块430能够管理所述电池组420的放电过程。
所述电源管理模块430能够管理所述电池组420的充电过程。所述采集模块431能够在所述电池组420被充电时采集每个所述可充电电池421的实时数据,例如所述采集模块431能够采集每个所述可充电电池421被充入的电能的电压和/或电流等实时数据,并且将该实时数据发送至所述分析模块432。所述分析模块432根据所述采集模块431采集的每个所述可充电电池421的实时数据获得所述电池组420和所述电池组420的每个所述可充电电池421的实时状态,例如所述分析模块432根据所述采集模块431获得的每个所述可充电电池421被充入的电能的电压和/或电流获得所述电池组420和所述电池组420的每个所述可充电电池421的电量。所述控制模块433能够根据所述分析模块432获得的所述电池组420和所述电池组420的每个所述可充电电池421的实时状态管理所述电池组420和所述电池组420的每个所述可充电电池421,例如所述控制模块433能够根据每个所述可充电电池421的电量控制向每个所述可充电电池421充入的电能的多少,从而使所述电池组420的每个所述可充电电池421被充入的电量被均衡,通过这样的方式,所述电源管理模块430能够管理所述电池组420的充电过程。
进一步地,所述采集模块431包括一电压传感器4311、一电流传感器4312以及一温度传感器4313中的至少一种,通过所述电压传感器4311和所述电流传感器4312,所述采集模块431能够采集在使用所述电池组420向外输出电能或者向所述电池组420充入电能时,所述采集模块431能够获得所述电池组420的实时状态,通过所述温度传感器4313,所述采集模块431能够采集所述容器410的内部的温度以获得所述电池组420的实时状态。优选地,所述采集模块431的所述电压传感器4311、所述电流传感器4312以及所述温度传感器4313被通过CAN总线(Controller Area Network总线)连接至所述电源管理模块430。
所述电动装置401还包括一显示机构480,所述电源管理模块430进一步包括被连接于所述显示机构480的一反馈模块434,其中所述反馈模块434能够将所述电源管理模块430获得的所述电池组420的实时状态发送至所述显示机构480,以藉由所述电动多功能移植机的操作者查看,通过这样的方式,能够实现所述电动多功能移植机的操作者与所述电动多功能移植机之间的交互,以便于使所述电动多功能移植机的操作者能够更好地操作所述电动多功能移植机。本领域的技术人员可以理解的是,所述反馈模块434与所述采集模块431、所 述分析模块432和所述控制模块433被相互连接。
值得一提的是,所述显示机构480可以被实施为任何能够实现所述电动多功能移植机的操作者与所述电池组420之间交互的机构,例如在一个实施例中,所述显示机构480可以被实施为显示屏幕,而在另一个实施例中,所述显示机构480还可以被实施为一列LED发光元件,根据该列LED发光元件的发光长度能够显示所述电池组420的电量。
如图18所示,为所述电源管理模块630的第一替代模式,所述电源管理模块630包括一诊断模块631A,一管理模块632A以及一显示单元633A。所述电池组620分别电连接于所述诊断模块631A、所述管理模块632A以及所述显示单元633A,其中所述诊断模块631A、所述管理模块632A以及所述显示单元633A是分别搭配运用,以达到各种的控管,像是数据收集、电池状态估计、能量管理、安全管理、通讯功能、热管理、充电保证功能、故障诊断以及历史资料储存等。
如图19所示,为所述电源管理模块630的第二替代模式,所述电源管理模块630包括一控制单元6301,一温度传感器6302,一均衡电路6303,一电压采集电路6304,一电流采集电路6305,一驱动处理电路6306,一充放电单元6307,一短路保护电路6308,一存储器6309,一电源电路6310,一RS311通信驱动6311,以及一CAN-BUS通信驱动6312,以上各单元和电路是根据设计需求而连接,以用于对所述电池组620进行有效管理和安全监控。其中所述电源管理模块630对于所述电池组620进行的管理包括准确估测SOC,即准确估测所述电池组620的荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC),又称电池剩余电量,并且透过所述电源管理模块630保证SOC维持在合理的范围内,防止过度充电或过度放电对于所述电池组620造成的损伤,更进一步的随时预报所述电池组620还剩余多少能量或者储能电池的荷电状态。
如图20所示,为所述电源管理模块630的第三替代模式,所述电源管理模块630包括一控制单元631B,一电压检测632B,一温度检测633B,一保护单元634B,一充电均衡单元635B,一存储器636B,一电量计637B,一保护电路638B以及一转接模块639B,以上各单元和电路是根据设计需求而连接,以用于对所述电池组620进行有效管理和安全监控。其中所述电源管理模块630对于所述电池组620进行的管制包含准确估测SOC,即准确估测所述电池组620的荷电状态(State of Charge,SOC),又称电池剩余电量,并且透过所述电源管理模块630元保证SOC维持在合理的范围内,防止过度充电或过度放电对于所述电池组620造成的损伤,更进一步的随时预报所述电池组620还剩余多少能量或者储能电池的荷电状态。
另外,值得一提的是,当所述电动装置601内的所述电池组620的电能耗尽时,可以直接透过所述连接器640进行充电,亦可直接从所述电动多功能移植机上更换所述电动装置601。也就是说,所述电动多功能移植机包括一安装槽用于可拆地固定所述电动装置601,这样所述电动装置601可以轻巧方便地从所述电动多功能移植机上更换,以便当所述电动装置601内的所述电能耗尽时,可随时方便地更换另一充满电能的电动装置601,以避免影响所述电动多功能移植机的操作。特别地是,所述电动装置601安装于所述电动多功能移植机的位置,应该尽可能地设置于传统移植机的内燃机位置,以达到尽可能不改变传统移植机的 结构。在另外的示例中,所述电动装置601也可以被设置于所述电动多功能移植机的重心位置,以使得所述电动多功能移植机容易被掌握平衡,从而被方便且安全地使用。另外,本发明还提供一电动多功能移植机的电动装置601的布置方式,其包括如下步骤:
(S01)将一电源管理模块630连接于一电池组620;
(S02)将所述电源管理模块630和所述电池组620密封于一容器610;以及
(S03)使一输入连接器和一输出连接器的一个端部在所述容器610的内部分别连接于所述电池组620的输入端和输出端,其中所述输入连接器和所述输出连接器的另一个端部自所述容器610的内部延伸至外部。
本领域的技术人员应理解,上述描述及附图中所示的本发明的实施例只作为举例而并不限制本发明。本发明的目的已经完整并有效地实现。本发明的功能及结构原理已在实施例中展示和说明,在没有背离所述原理下,本发明的实施方式可以有任何变形或修改。

Claims (6)

  1. 一电动多功能移植机,其特征在于,包括:
    一电池箱;
    一控制系统,其中所述控制系统被连接于所述电池箱;
    一驱动系统,其中所述驱动系统被连接于所述控制系统;
    一机械传动机构,其中所述机械传动机构被连接于所述驱动系统;以及
    一移植组件,其中所述移植组件被连接于所述机械传动机构,其中在所述电池箱提供电能供应下,实现所述电动多功能移植机的移植操作。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电动多功能移植机,其中所述电池箱包括一电池箱体、一电池组、一电池管理系统和一输出端连接器,所述电池组和所述电池管理系统被电气性连接并设置于所述电池箱体内,所述输出端连接器被设置于所述电池箱体的侧部,其中所述输出端连接器被连接于所述控制系统和一显示系统。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电动多功能移植机,其中所述电池管理系统进一步包括一控制单元模块、一检测模块、一电量均衡及控制模块和一数据通信与传输模块,其中所述检测模块被电连接于所述控制单元模块,所述控制单元模块被连接于所述电量均衡及控制模块,所述控制单元模块通所述输出端连接器被连接于所述控制系统进行信息交互。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的电动多功能移植机,其中所述检测模块进一步包括一数据采集与分析模块和一绝缘检测模块,其中所述控制单元模块包括一SOC模块、一充放电管理与控制模块和一热管理与控制模块,所述数据采集与分析模块、所述绝缘监测模块、所述SOC模块、所述充放电管理与控制模块和所述热管理与控制模块之间分别被电气性连接。
  5. 一电动多功能移植机,其特征在于,包括:
    一农机本体;和
    一农机动力系统,其中所述农机动力系统被设置于所述农机本体,其中所述农机动力系统进一步包括:
    一电动装置,其中所述电动装置包括一电池组、一输入连接器和一输出连接器,所述输入连接器被连接于所述电池组的输入端,所述输出连接器被连接于所述电池组的输出端;和
    一动力机构,其中所述动力机构被设置于所述农机本体且被连接于所述农机本体,所述输出连接器被连接于所述动力机构,其中所述输出连接器用于将所述电池组提供的电能传输至所述动力机构,以藉由所述动力机构产生动力和将动力进一步传输至所述农机本体而驱动所述农机本体工作。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的电动多功能移植机,其中所述电动装置进一步包括一容器,所述电池组被容纳于所述容器的内部,所述输入连接器和所述输出连接器分别被设置于所述容器,并且所述输入连接器和所述输出连接器分别自所述容器的内部延伸至外部,以使所述输入连接器在所述容器的内部被连接于所述电池组的输入端,和使所述输出连接器在所述容器的内部被连接于所述电池组的输出端。
PCT/CN2017/083321 2016-05-05 2017-05-05 电动多功能移栽机及其应用 WO2017190703A1 (zh)

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