WO2017186191A1 - 一种高通量制备多组分梯度金属材料的装置 - Google Patents

一种高通量制备多组分梯度金属材料的装置 Download PDF

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WO2017186191A1
WO2017186191A1 PCT/CN2017/086077 CN2017086077W WO2017186191A1 WO 2017186191 A1 WO2017186191 A1 WO 2017186191A1 CN 2017086077 W CN2017086077 W CN 2017086077W WO 2017186191 A1 WO2017186191 A1 WO 2017186191A1
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metal
powder
auger
barrel
disposed
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PCT/CN2017/086077
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李静媛
张源
李建兴
谢建新
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北京科技大学
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Publication of WO2017186191A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017186191A1/zh
Priority to US16/169,570 priority Critical patent/US10913110B2/en

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/165—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for the supply of casting powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/006—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/114—Treating the molten metal by using agitating or vibrating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/2015—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die
    • B22D17/2061—Means for forcing the molten metal into the die using screws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D25/00—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product
    • B22D25/06—Special casting characterised by the nature of the product by its physical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D30/00—Cooling castings, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/42—Low-temperature sample treatment, e.g. cryofixation
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2207/00—Aspects of the compositions, gradients
    • B22F2207/01—Composition gradients
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of metal preparation and processing, and particularly relates to a multi-component alloy tube, rod, type and other long material forming device with continuous gradient change of chemical composition in the longitudinal direction, which can realize high-throughput preparation of multi-component gradient metal materials.
  • Metal and metal matrix composites have been the most demanding and widely used materials for military and civilian applications due to their high strength, high toughness, ease of formability and fatigue resistance.
  • the development and application of metallic materials often rely on traditional material methods such as scientific intuition, human experience and trial and error.
  • the long cycle and high cost have become the bottleneck restricting economic and social development and technological progress.
  • the key problem that restricts light metal and light metal matrix composites is the strength and corrosion resistance.
  • the alloy element composition and heat treatment process are used to improve the comprehensive performance of the single furnace smelting alloy.
  • the existing one-time smelting method can only prepare an alloy of one component, and has low efficiency, long cycle and high cost. Therefore, material research methods need to be innovated, and new methods and technologies that can accelerate the discovery and application of new materials have received extensive attention at home and abroad.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a high-throughput preparation device which can greatly shorten the time course of design, preparation, characterization and application of multi-component metal materials, reduce development cost, and has simple process.
  • a high-flux preparation device for multi-component gradient metal materials which comprises an on-line adjustment system for powder flow rate, a rotary feed system, a heating system, an insulation system, a motor drive system, a blank forming system and a control system;
  • the powder flow rate online adjustment system is used to control the supply of various metal powders a feed amount, that is, a composition ratio of the powder, comprising at least 2 metal powder reservoirs, a flow control valve, and a powder mixer; at least 2 of the metal powder reservoirs pass through a feed line and a feed port of the intermediate stocker Connecting, the dynamic flow rate control valve is disposed on the feeding line;
  • the rotary feed system is used to mix powder feeds, including cylindrical barrels and augers.
  • the upper end of the side wall of the cylindrical barrel is provided with a feed port, and the feed port is connected to the intermediate stock discharge port through a pipeline, and the screw rod is disposed on the cylindrical barrel Internally, a bottom of the cylindrical barrel is provided with a conical discharge opening, and the diameter of the auger is equal to the inner diameter of the cylindrical barrel;
  • the heating system is an induction heater for melting mixed metal powder entering the cylindrical barrel, and the induction heater is disposed on a side wall of a lower end of the discharge port of the cylindrical barrel;
  • the thermal insulation system is an insulated jacket disposed on an outer sidewall of the induction heater
  • the motor drive system is configured to drive the auger to rotate.
  • the motor drive system includes a drive motor, a drive shaft, and a drive shaft connector, the drive motor being disposed at an upper end of the cylindrical barrel.
  • the drive motor is coupled to the drive shaft via the drive shaft and the drive shaft connector.
  • the connection between the drive shaft connector and the cylindrical barrel is sealed by a sealing ring.
  • the blank forming system is used for metal material forming, including a mold, a condensing crystallizer, and a drawing apparatus.
  • the mold is disposed at a lower end of the conical discharge opening
  • the condensation crystallizer is disposed at two sides of the conical discharge opening inside the mold
  • the drawing device is disposed at the mold Lower end of the material port;
  • the control system is used to control the entire device, including a host computer and a control signal processor.
  • the upper computer is connected to the drive motor, the dynamic flow rate control valve and the induction heater through a control signal processor.
  • the ratio of the inner diameter D B of the cylindrical barrel to the root diameter D 0 of the auger is 1.5-8:1.
  • the axial distance between the spiral edges of the auger is B;
  • D B is the inner diameter of the barrel
  • the inlet diameter De of the barrel is equal to the discharge port diameter Do.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for using the above device, and specifically includes the following steps: Step 1: separately adding different metal powders to a powder storage device, the upper computer controls the flow rate adjusting valve, and the metal powder enters the intermediate storage device at a certain flow rate. At the same time, the upper computer 11 drives the auger by the driving motor to rotate at the rotation speed r;
  • Step 2 The mixed powder (raw material) flows into the cylinder through the feed port and flows downwards under the action of its own gravity and the auger.
  • the auger and the barrel are closely matched, and the mixed powder of continuously changing composition is caused by the action of the rotating feeding mechanism.
  • the downward movement process is orderly and controllable, and the component homogenization phenomenon does not occur.
  • the upper machine controls the induction coil to heat the barrel with a certain power P.
  • the mixed powder is melted under the heating of the induction coil, and the molten metal enters the mold through the discharge port at the bottom of the cylinder, solidifies under the cooling action of the cooling crystallizer, and is under the action of the drawing device. Finally, the composition continuously changes the metal bar, and the samples with different alloy compositions can be intercepted at different parts, thereby realizing the high-throughput preparation of the multi-component gradient metal material.
  • the rotation speed r of the auger in the step 1 is obtained by the following formula, and the formula is as follows:
  • the heating power P in the step 2 is obtained by the following formula, and the formula is as follows:
  • P is the heating power
  • r is the rotational speed of the screw
  • B is the axial distance between the spiral edges
  • c is the specific heat capacity of the material
  • ⁇ is the density of the gradient material after forming
  • V is the transport volume of the material
  • T m is the melting point of the material
  • T 0 is the initial temperature of the material
  • L is the length of the sleeve itself
  • ⁇ is the heat absorbing efficiency of the material.
  • the invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient use and easy control.
  • the device realizes high-throughput multi-component metal sample preparation by online control of molten metal composition and continuous casting process, which significantly improves the preparation efficiency and reduces the research and development cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a structural view of a high-throughput multi-component gradient metal material device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a structural view of a rotary feed mechanism of a high-throughput preparation multi-component gradient metal material forming apparatus.
  • FIG. 1-2 is a structural diagram of a high-throughput preparation multi-component gradient metal material forming apparatus according to the present invention, which comprises an on-line adjustment system for powder flow rate, a rotary feeding system, a heating system, an insulation system, and a motor drive. System, blank forming system and control system;
  • the powder flow rate online adjustment system is for controlling the supply amount of the plurality of metal powders, the at least two metal powder storages, the flow rate adjustment valve and the powder mixer; at least two of the metal powder storages are passed through the feeding tube a road is connected to the feed port of the powder mixer, and a dynamic flow rate adjusting valve is disposed on the feed line;
  • the rotary feed system is used to mix powder feeds, including cylindrical barrels and augers.
  • the upper end of the side wall of the cylindrical barrel is provided with a feed port, and the feed port is connected to the intermediate stock discharge port through a pipeline, and the screw rod is disposed on the cylindrical barrel Internally, a bottom of the cylindrical barrel is provided with a conical discharge opening, and the diameter of the auger is equal to the inner diameter of the cylindrical barrel;
  • the heating system is an induction heater for melting metal powder entering the cylindrical barrel.
  • the induction heater is disposed on a sidewall of a lower end of the discharge port of the cylindrical barrel;
  • the thermal insulation system is an insulated jacket disposed on an outer sidewall of the induction heater
  • the motor drive system is configured to drive the auger to rotate.
  • the motor drive system includes a drive motor, a drive shaft, and a drive shaft connector, the drive motor being disposed at an upper end of the cylindrical barrel.
  • the drive motor is coupled to the drive shaft via the drive shaft and the drive shaft connector.
  • the connection between the drive shaft connector and the cylindrical barrel is sealed by a sealing ring.
  • the blank forming system is used for metal material forming, including a mold, a condensing crystallizer, and a drawing apparatus.
  • the mold is disposed at a lower end of the conical discharge opening
  • the condensation crystallizer is disposed at two sides of the conical discharge opening inside the mold
  • the drawing device is disposed at the mold Lower end of the material port;
  • the control system is used to control the entire device, including a host computer and a control signal processor.
  • the upper computer is connected to the drive motor, the dynamic flow rate control valve and the induction heater through a control signal processor.
  • the ratio of the inner diameter D B of the cylindrical barrel to the root diameter D 0 of the auger is 1.5-8:1.
  • the axial distance between the spiral edges of the auger is B;
  • D B is the inner diameter of the barrel
  • the inlet diameter D e of the barrel is equal to the discharge port diameter D o .
  • the different metal powders in the metal powder storage 1 enter the intermediate feeder 3 under the control of the dynamic flow rate control valve 2 under the control of the upper machine 11 to obtain continuous changes in composition.
  • the upper machine 11 drives the auger 4 through the drive motor 4 to rotate at a rotation speed r.
  • the mixed powder enters the barrel 13 through the feed port 8 and the raw material flows downward by the self-gravity and the screw rod 14.
  • the auger 14 and the barrel 13 are closely matched, and the composition is continuously changed due to the action of the rotary feeding mechanism 14.
  • the downward movement process of the mixed powder is orderly controllable, and the component homogenization phenomenon does not occur, and the upper machine 11 controls the induction coil 15 to heat the cylinder with a certain power p.
  • P is the heating power
  • r is the rotational speed of the screw
  • B is the axial distance between the spiral edges
  • c is the specific heat capacity of the material
  • ⁇ is the density of the gradient material after forming
  • V is the transport volume of the material
  • T m is the melting point of the material
  • T 0 is the initial temperature of the material
  • L is the length of the sleeve itself
  • ⁇ is the heat absorbing efficiency of the material.
  • the raw material is melted into a molten metal under the heating of the induction coil 15, and the molten metal reaches the bottom of the cylinder 13 and enters the mold 17 through the discharge port 12, solidifies and forms under the cooling action of the condensing crystallizer 19, and finally forms under the action of the casting system 20.
  • the composition continuously changes the metal bar 21, enabling high-throughput preparation of multi-component gradient metal materials.
  • the dynamic flow rate control valve is controlled by the control system so that the powder flow speeds in the two metal powder reservoirs are different, thereby obtaining a Mg/Zn metal mixed powder having a Zn content ranging from 0% to 6%.
  • the heating power needs to be adjusted depending on the material and the rotation speed of the auger:
  • ⁇ is the endothermic efficiency of the material and is taken as 0.8.
  • the casting speed is controlled to ensure the same feed rate and discharge speed, so that under the action of the cooling water, a Mg-Zn gradient with a Zn composition ranging from 0% to 6% is formed.
  • Metal bars are used.

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Abstract

一种沿长度方向化学成分连续梯度分布的多组元合金管、棒、型等长材的高通量制备多组分梯度金属材料装置，该装置包括粉末流速在线调节系统、旋转进料系统、加热系统、保温系统、电机驱动系统、坯料成形系统和控制系统。该装置结构简单，使用方便，容易控制，该装置通过控制熔融金属成分的连铸工艺来实现高通量多组分梯度金属材料制备，缩短了材料从成分设计、熔炼、性能制备、应用制备的时间进程，减少了多炉熔炼合金的冶金能耗，降低了开发成本，提高了新金属梯度材料制备质量和效率。

Description

一种高通量制备多组分梯度金属材料的装置 技术领域
本发明属于金属制备加工领域，尤其涉及一种沿长度方向化学成分连续梯度变化的多组元合金管、棒、型等长材的成形装置，可实现多组分梯度金属材料高通量制备。
背景技术
金属及金属基复合材料以高强高韧性、易加工成形性、耐疲劳性等特征，一直是军用和民用上需求量最大、应用最广的材料。但是，金属材料的研发和应用往往是依赖于科学直觉、人为经验及试错法等传统材料方法，周期长和成本高已成为制约经济社会发展和技术进步的瓶颈。目前制约轻金属及轻金属基复合材料的关键问题是强度和耐蚀性问题，一般采用调整合金元素成分及热处理工艺等方法来改善单炉熔炼合金的综合性能。但现有的一次熔炼只能制备一种成分的合金的方法，效率低、周期长、成本高。因此材料研究方法亟需革新，发展可加速新材料从发现到应用的新方法和新技术受到了国内外的广泛关注。
发明内容
针对上述背景，本发明的目的在于提供一种可大大缩短多组分金属材料从设计、制备、表征到应用的时间进程，降低开发成本，且工艺简单的高通量制备装置。
本发明的技术方案是：一种多组分梯度金属材料高通量制备装置，该装置包括粉末流速在线调节系统、旋转进料系统、加热系统、保温系统、电机驱动系统、坯料成形系统和控制系统；
其中，所述粉末流速在线调节系统用于控制多种金属粉末的供 料量，即粉末的组成比，所述包括至少2个金属粉末存储器、流量控制阀和粉末混合器；至少2个所述金属粉末存储器通过送料管路与所述中间存料器的进料口连接，所述动态流速控制阀设置在所述送料管路上；
所述旋转进料系统用于混合粉末送料，包括圆筒状料筒和螺旋杆。所述圆筒状料筒的侧壁上端设有进料口，所述进料口通过管路与所述中间存料器出料口连接，所述螺旋杆设置在所述圆筒状料筒内部，所述圆筒状料筒的底部设有圆锥形出料口，所述螺旋杆直径与所述圆筒状料筒内径相等；
所述加热系统为感应加热器用于融化进入圆筒状料筒内的混合金属粉末，所述感应加热器所述设置在位于所述圆筒状料筒的出料口下端的侧壁上；
所述保温系统为保温套，设置在所述感应加热器的外侧壁上；
所述电机驱动系统用于驱动所述螺旋杆转动。所述电机驱动系统包括驱动电机、驱动轴和驱动轴连接器，所述驱动电机设置在所述圆筒状料筒上端。所述驱动电机通过所述驱动轴、驱动轴连接器与所述螺旋杆的驱动连接。所述驱动轴连接器与所述圆筒状料筒之间的连接处通过密封圈密封。
所述坯料成形系统用于金属材料成形，包括模具、冷凝结晶器和拉坯装置。所述模具设置在所述圆锥形出料口的下端，所述冷凝结晶器设置在所述模具内部的所述圆锥形出料口的两侧，所述拉胚装置设置在所述模具的出料口下端；
所述控制系统用于控制整个装置，包括上位机和控制信号处理器。所述上位机通过控制信号处理器与所述驱动电机、动态流速控制阀和感应加热器控制连接。
进一步，所述圆筒状料筒的内径DB与所述螺旋杆根径D0的比例为1.5-8:1。
进一步，所述螺旋杆的螺棱间的轴向距离为B；
B＝DBtanΦ，
式中：DB为料筒的内径，Φ为螺旋杆的螺旋角Φ＝30°-60°。
进一步，所述料筒的入料口直径De与出料口直径Do相等。
本发明的另一目的提供上述装置的使用方法，具体包括以下步骤：步骤1：将不同金属粉末分别加入到粉末存储器中，上位机控制流速调节阀，金属粉末以一定流速进入到中间存料器中，同时，上位机11通过驱动电机驱动螺旋杆以转速r进行转动；
步骤2：混合粉末(原料)经进料口进入料筒内在自身重力及螺旋杆带动下向下流动，其中，螺旋杆和料筒紧密配合，由于旋转送料机构的作用使得成分连续变化的混合粉末向下运动过程有序可控，不会产生成分均匀化现象，上位机控制感应线圈以一定的功率P对料筒进行加热，
混合粉末在感应线圈加热下融化，熔融金属通过料筒底部的出料口进入模具，在冷却结晶器的冷却作用下凝固，并在拉坯装置作用下 最终形成成分连续变化金属棒料，可在不同部位截取是有不同合金成分的试样，从而实现了多组分梯度金属材料的高通量制备。
所述步骤1中螺旋杆的转速r通过以下公式求出，公式如下：
r＝(veDe 2cosΦ)/{(DB 2-DS 2)·B}，
式中，r为螺杆的转速；Φ为螺纹的螺旋角；DS为螺杆的直径；DB为套筒内径；De为物料入口直径；ve为入料和出料速度；B为螺棱间的轴向距离。
所述步骤2中的加热功率P通过以下公式求出，公式如下：
P≥{rBcρV(Tm-T0)}/(L·η)，
式中，P为加热功率；r为螺杆的转速；B为螺棱间的轴向距离；c为材料比热容；ρ为成形后梯度材料密度；V为材料单位传输体积；Tm为材料熔点；T0为材料初始温度；L为套筒本身长度；η为材料吸热效率。
本发明：装置具有结构简单，使用方便，控制容易等特点。该装置通过在线控制熔融金属的成分和连铸工艺来实现高通量多组分金属试样制备，显著提高了制备效率降低了研发成本。
附图说明：
图1为本发明的一种高通量制备多组分梯度金属材料装置结构图。
图2为高通量制备多组分梯度金属材料成形装置的旋转送料机构结构图。
图中：
1金属粉末存储器、2动态流速控制阀、3粉末混合器、4驱动电机、5驱动轴、6驱动轴连接器、7固定螺栓、8进料口、9密封圈、10控制信号处理器、11上位机、12出料口、13料筒、14螺旋杆、15感应加热器、16保温套、17模具、18冷凝结晶器、19拉坯装置 20、坯料。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步说明。
如图1-2所示为本发明的一种高通量制备多组分梯度金属材料成形装置结构图，该装置包括粉末流速在线调节系统、旋转进料系统、加热系统、保温系统、电机驱动系统、坯料成形系统和控制系统；
其中，所述粉末流速在线调节系统用于控制多种金属粉末的供料量，所述包括至少2个金属粉末存储器、流速调节阀和粉末混合器；至少2个所述金属粉末存储器通过送料管路与所述粉末混合器的进料口连接，动态流速调节阀设置在所述送料管路上；
所述旋转进料系统用于混合粉末送料，包括圆筒状料筒和螺旋杆。所述圆筒状料筒的侧壁上端设有进料口，所述进料口通过管路与所述中间存料器出料口连接，所述螺旋杆设置在所述圆筒状料筒内部，所述圆筒状料筒的底部设有圆锥形出料口，所述螺旋杆直径与所述圆筒状料筒内径相等；
所述加热系统为感应加热器用于融化进入所述圆筒状料筒内的金属粉末。所述感应加热器所述设置在位于所述圆筒状料筒的出料口下端的侧壁上；
所述保温系统为保温套，设置在所述感应加热器的外侧壁上；
所述电机驱动系统用于驱动所述螺旋杆转动。所述电机驱动系统包括驱动电机、驱动轴和驱动轴连接器，所述驱动电机设置在所述圆筒状料筒上端。所述驱动电机通过所述驱动轴、驱动轴连接器与所述螺旋杆的驱动连接。所述驱动轴连接器与所述圆筒状料筒之间的连接处通过密封圈密封。
所述坯料成形系统用于金属材料成形，包括模具、冷凝结晶器和拉坯装置。所述模具设置在所述圆锥形出料口的下端，所述冷凝结晶器设置在所述模具内部的所述圆锥形出料口的两侧，所述拉胚装置设置在所述模具的出料口下端；
所述控制系统用于控制整个装置，包括上位机和控制信号处理器。所述上位机通过控制信号处理器与所述驱动电机、动态流速控制阀和感应加热器控制连接。
进一步，所述圆筒状料筒的内径DB与所述螺旋杆根径D0的比例为1.5-8:1。
进一步，所述螺旋杆的螺棱间的轴向距离为B；
B＝DBtanΦ，
式中：DB为料筒的内径，Φ为螺旋杆的螺旋角Φ＝30°-60°。
进一步，所述料筒的入料口直径De与出料口直径Do相等。
使用时，在金属粉末存储器1中的不同金属粉末在上位机11控制下的动态流速控制阀2的调节下进入中间存料器3得到组分连续变化 的混合粉末，同时，上位机11通过驱动电机4驱动螺旋杆4以转速r进行转动，
r＝(veDe 2cosΦ)/{(DB 2-DS 2)·B}
式中，r为螺杆的转速；Φ为螺纹的螺旋角；DS为螺杆的直径；DB为套筒内径；De为物料入口直径；ve为入料和出料速度；B为螺棱间的轴向距离。
混合粉末经进料口8进入料筒13内原料在自身重力及螺旋杆14的带动下向下流动，其中，螺旋杆14和料筒13紧密配合，由于旋转送料机构14的作用使得成分连续变化的混合粉末向下运动过程有序可控，不会发生成分均匀化现象，上位机11控制感应线圈15以一定的功率p对料筒进行加热，
P≥{rBcρV(Tm-T0)}/(L·η)
式中，P为加热功率；r为螺杆的转速；B为螺棱间的轴向距离；c为材料比热容；ρ为成形后梯度材料密度；V为材料单位传输体积；Tm为材料熔点；T0为材料初始温度；L为套筒本身长度；η为材料吸热效率。
原料在感应线圈15加热下融化为金属液，熔融金属到达料筒13底部通过出料口12进入模具17，在冷凝结晶器19的冷却作用下凝固成形，并在拉坯系统20作用下最终形成成分连续变化金属棒料21，实现了多组分梯度金属材料的高通量制备。
实施例
称取1000目5kg金属纯镁粉，同时称取1000目0.3kg金属纯锌粉，将上述原料粉末分别放入不同的金属粉末存储器中备用。
通过控制系统控制动态流速控制阀，从而使两个金属粉末存储器中的粉末流下速度不同，进而得到Zn含量从0％到6％范围内变化的Mg\Zn金属混合粉末。
根据金属粉末入料口的流速，调整螺旋杆的转速：
r＝(veDe 2cosΦ)/{(DB 2-DS 2）·B}
本例中入料速度为ve＝1×105mm/min；料筒内径为DB＝150mm，螺杆根径为DS＝50mm；入料口直径为De＝20mm；螺棱间的轴向距离为B＝50mm；螺杆的螺旋角为Φ＝37°，所以通过计算得到螺旋杆转速为r＝32转/min。
根据原料的不同及螺旋杆旋转速度的不同，加热功率需要进行调整：
P≥{rBcρV(Tm-T0)}/(L·η)
螺旋杆转速为r＝32转/min；
螺棱间的轴向距离为B＝50mm；
纯镁的比热容为CMg＝1.025J/(g﹒K)，纯锌的比热容为CZn＝0.38J/(g﹒K)，所以这里为了保证加热功率足够大，比热容取c＝1.025J/(g﹒K)；
因为成形梯度金属材料的密度变化范围为ρ＝1.738-2.074g/cm3，为了保证加热功率能达到要求，加热功率取最大值，所以ρ＝2.074；
材料单位传输体积＝3.14×104cm3；
因为纯镁的熔点较高，所以材料的熔点Tm＝648℃；材料初始温度为25℃；
圆形料筒长度为L＝700mm；
η为材料吸热效率，取为0.8。
所以计算可以得到加热功率为P≥1660KW
在熔化的金属液到达出料口时，控制拉坯速度，保证进料速度与出料速度相同，从而在冷却水的作用下，形成Zn成分变化范围为0％～6％的Mg-Zn梯度金属棒材。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种高通量制备多组分梯度金属材料的装置，其特征在于，该装置包括粉末流速在线调节系统、旋转进料系统、加热系统、保温系统、电机驱动系统、坯料成形系统和控制系统；
    其中，所述粉末流速在线调节系统用于控制多种金属粉末的供料量，即粉末的组成比，所述包括至少2个金属粉末存储器、动态流速控制阀和粉末混合器；至少2个所述金属粉末存储器通过送料管路与所述中间存料器的进料口连接，所述动态流速控制阀设置在所述送料管路上；
    所述旋转进料系统用于混合粉末送料，包括圆筒状料筒和螺旋杆。所述圆筒状料筒的侧壁上端设有进料口，所述进料口通过管路与所述中间存料器出料口连接，所述螺旋杆设置在所述圆筒状料筒内部，所述圆筒状料筒的底部设有圆锥形出料口，所述螺旋杆直径与所述圆筒状料筒内径相等；
    所述加热系统为感应加热器用于融化进入所述圆筒状料筒内的混合金属粉末。所述感应加热器所述设置在位于所述圆筒状料筒的出料口下端的侧壁上；
    所述保温系统为保温套，设置在所述感应加热器的外侧壁上；
    所述电机驱动系统用于驱动所述螺旋杆转动。所述电机驱动系统包括驱动电机、驱动轴和驱动轴连接器，所述驱动电机设置在所述圆筒状料筒上端。所述驱动电机通过所述驱动轴、驱动轴连接器与所述螺旋杆的驱动连接。所述驱动轴连接器与所述圆筒状料筒之间的连接处通过密封圈密封。
    所述坯料成形系统用于金属材料成形，包括模具、冷凝结晶器和拉坯装置。所述模具设置在所述圆锥形出料口的下端，所述冷凝结晶器设置在所述模具内部的所述圆锥形出料口的两侧，所述拉胚装置设置在所述模具的出料口下端；
    所述控制系统用于控制整个装置，包括上位机和控制信号处理器。所述上位机通过控制信号处理器与所述驱动电机、动态流速控制阀和感应加热器控制连接。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述圆筒状料筒的内径DB与所述螺旋杆根径D0的比例为1.5-8:1。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述螺旋杆的螺棱间的轴向距离为B；
    B＝DBtanΦ，
    式中：DB为料筒的内径，Φ为螺旋杆的螺旋角Φ＝30°-60°。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，所述料筒的入料口直径De与出料口直径Do相等。
  5. 一种如权利要求1-4任意一项所述的装置的使用方法，其特征在于，具体包括以下步骤：
    步骤1：将不同金属粉末分别加入到粉末存储器(1)中，上位机(11)控制动态流速控制阀(2)金属粉末以一定流速进入到中间存料器(3)中，同时，上位机11通过驱动电机4驱动螺旋杆4以转速r进行转动；
    步骤2：混合粉末(原料)经进料口(8)进入料筒(13)内，在自身重力及螺旋杆(14)带动下向下流动，其中，螺旋杆(14)和料筒(13)紧密配合，由于旋转送料机构(14)的作用使得成分连续变化的混合粉末向下运动过程有序可控，不会产生成分均匀化现象，上位机(11)控制感应线圈(15)以一定的功率P对料筒进行加热，
    混合粉末在感应线圈(15)加热下融化，熔融金属通过料筒(13)底部的出料口(12)进入模具(17)，在冷却结晶器(18)的冷却作用下凝固，并在拉坯装置(19)作用下最终形成成分连续变化金属棒料(20)可在不同部位截取具有不同合金成分的试样，从而实现了多组分梯度金属材料试样的高通量制备。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤1中螺旋杆(4)的转速r通过以下公式求出，公式如下：
    r＝(veDe 2cosΦ)/{(DB 2-DS 2)·B}，
    式中，r为螺杆的转速；Φ为螺纹的螺旋角；DS为螺杆的直径；DB为套筒内径；De为物料入口直径；ve为入料和出料速度；B为螺棱间的轴向距离。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，所述步骤2中的加热功率P通过以下公式求出，公式如下：
    P≥{rBcρV(Tm-T0)}/(L·η)，
    式中，P为加热功率；r为螺杆的转速；B为螺棱间的轴向距离；c为材料比热容；ρ为成形后梯度材料密度；V为材料单位传输体积；Tm 为材料熔点；T0为材料初始温度；L为套筒本身长度；η为材料吸热效率。
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