WO2017179736A1 - 半導体装置 - Google Patents
半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017179736A1 WO2017179736A1 PCT/JP2017/015404 JP2017015404W WO2017179736A1 WO 2017179736 A1 WO2017179736 A1 WO 2017179736A1 JP 2017015404 W JP2017015404 W JP 2017015404W WO 2017179736 A1 WO2017179736 A1 WO 2017179736A1
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- Prior art keywords
- flow path
- path member
- semiconductor device
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Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a semiconductor device.
- High power semiconductor devices are widely used as power conversion devices for railway vehicles and the like.
- Examples of such a semiconductor device include an inverter that employs a semiconductor element such as an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) or an FWD (Free Wheeling Diode).
- IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- FWD Free Wheeling Diode
- a semiconductor element is sandwiched between two lead frames, and a ceramic tube having a coolant channel for flowing a coolant is provided outside each lead frame. Yes.
- the semiconductor element and the signal line are connected by wire bonding.
- a semiconductor device of the present disclosure includes a heat sink layer, a wiring layer, a circuit unit having a semiconductor element between the heat sink layer and the wiring layer, a first flow path member made of an insulating material, and a first made of an insulating material. 2 flow path members.
- the circuit unit is located between the first flow path member and the second flow path member.
- the wiring layer faces the first flow path member or the second flow path member.
- the semiconductor element when heat exchange is performed between a refrigerant flowing through a ceramic tube and a semiconductor element via a lead frame, the semiconductor element can be cooled, but wire bonding that is wiring for exchanging signals is connected to the ceramic tube. Since the wire bonding is not sufficiently cooled and the wire bonding is heated, there is a possibility that the semiconductor element does not function normally.
- the semiconductor device of the present disclosure can efficiently cool the semiconductor element and can also efficiently remove the heat of the wiring layer that exchanges signals.
- the semiconductor device of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. However, in each drawing referred to below, only components necessary for explaining the characteristics of the semiconductor device of the present disclosure are shown. Therefore, the semiconductor device of the present disclosure may further include a well-known constituent member that is not shown in each drawing.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a first embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present disclosure.
- the semiconductor device 100 shown in FIG. 1 includes a heat sink layer 13, wiring layers 16a to 16d, and a heat sink layer 13 and wiring layers 16a to 16d between the first flow path member 11 and the second flow path member 21.
- the circuit unit 10 having the semiconductor element 14 is sandwiched.
- the first flow path member 11 and the second flow path member 21 have refrigerant flow paths 12 and 22 for flowing a cooling medium (hereinafter also referred to as “refrigerant”) therein.
- the refrigerant may be any liquid or gas that can be cooled.
- the liquid refrigerant pure water, Galden, or the like may be used, and a rust inhibitor may be added.
- the circuit unit 10 can be cooled from both sides by flowing the refrigerant through the refrigerant flow paths 12 and 22.
- the wiring layers 16a to 16d face the second flow path member 21, heat generated in the wiring layers 16a to 16d during signal exchange can be efficiently removed. .
- the function of the semiconductor element 14 is hardly deteriorated. Furthermore, since the heat sink layer 13 faces the first flow path member 11, the semiconductor element 14 can be efficiently cooled via the wiring layers 16a to 16d and the heat sink layer 13.
- first flow path member 11 and the second flow path member 21 are made of an insulating material, the wiring layers 16a to 16d and the heat sink layer 13 can be formed directly, and the wiring layers 16a to 16d are formed. In addition, the heat of the heat sink layer 13 can be immediately transferred to the first flow path member 11 and the second flow path member 21.
- the insulating material may be ceramics such as alumina ceramics, alumina-zirconia composite ceramics, aluminum nitride ceramics, and silicon nitride ceramics.
- the first flow path member 11 and the second flow path member 21 are formed of silicon nitride ceramics, whereby the semiconductor according to the present disclosure.
- the apparatus 100 has excellent cooling efficiency and mechanical strength.
- silicon nitride ceramics contains 70% by mass or more of silicon nitride out of 100% by mass of all components constituting the ceramics.
- the material of the 1st flow path member 11 and the 2nd flow path member 21 can be confirmed with the following method. First, measurement is performed using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), and the obtained 2 ⁇ (2 ⁇ is a diffraction angle) value is identified with a JCPDS card. Next, quantitative analysis of each component is performed using an ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) emission spectroscopic analyzer (ICP) or a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (XRF).
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
- XRF fluorescent X-ray analyzer
- silicon nitride ceramics if the presence of silicon nitride is confirmed, and the content converted from silicon (Si) content measured by ICP or XRF to silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ) is 70% by mass or more, Silicon nitride ceramics. The same applies to other ceramics.
- the first channel member 11 and the second channel member 21 may be made of ceramics by an extrusion method in which a mold is prepared and the clay is extruded, a lamination method in which green sheets are laminated, and the like. If it is a lamination method, the structure of the refrigerant flow paths 12 and 22 can be designed freely.
- FIG. 2A is a schematic front view of the circuit unit of the first embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 2A shows a view seen from the wiring layers 16a to 16d with the first flow path member 11 removed. Further, in FIG. 2A, in the four wiring layers 16a to 16d having the same configuration, the wiring layers 16a to 16d are connected to the semiconductor element (for example, IGBT) 14 via the brazing material or solder 15a to 15d. The situation is shown. In FIG. 2A, brazing materials or solders 15a to 15d, which are hidden, are indicated by broken lines.
- FIG. 2B is a schematic rear view of the circuit unit of the first embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present disclosure, and corresponds to FIG. 2A. Also in FIG. 2B, the semiconductor element 14 and the wiring layers 16a to 16d of the hidden configuration and the partially hidden portion are indicated by broken lines.
- FIG. 2C is a schematic view of a modified example of the circuit unit of the first embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present disclosure as viewed from the side. 2C, the collector of the semiconductor element 14 is on the heat sink layer 13 side, the gate of the semiconductor element 14 is on the wiring layer 16a side, and the emitter of the semiconductor element 14 is on the wiring layer 16e side. Is connected to the heat sink layer 13, the gate of the semiconductor element 14 is connected to the wiring layer 16a via a brazing material or solder 15a, and the emitter of the semiconductor element 14 is connected to the wiring layer 16e.
- the semiconductor element 14 is an IGBT
- another wiring layer is provided on the second flow path member 21 and connected to the collector and emitter of the semiconductor element 14 so that it can function as an IGBT power module.
- the wiring layers 16a to 16d constituting the circuit unit 10 are wirings or terminals for connecting to external devices, signal terminals, and the like.
- the heat sink layer 13 constituting the circuit unit 10 is a member for transferring the heat of the semiconductor element 14 to the first flow path member 11.
- the heat sink layer 13 may function as an electrode.
- the semiconductor element 14 is, for example, an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor) or an FWD (Free Wheeling Diode), and may include a capacitor, a resistor, or the like which is another circuit element.
- the wiring layers 16a to 16d and the heat sink layer 13 constituting the circuit unit 10 only have to be made of metal, but among the metals, if they are made of copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, etc., they are excellent. It will have thermal conductivity.
- the wiring layers 16a to 16d may be connected to the semiconductor element 14 via brazing material or solders 15a to 15d, as shown in FIG.
- the heat sink layer 13 may be connected to the semiconductor element 14 through a brazing material, solder, or a nano metal paste mainly composed of gold, silver, or copper.
- the brazing material or solder 15a to 15d a known material may be used.
- a silver-based brazing material or tin-based solder may be used.
- a metal plate such as a copper plate or an aluminum plate is used as the first flow path member 11 or the second flow path member 11.
- a metal plate is bonded through a silver and copper brazing material added with an active metal such as titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, DBC (Direct Bond Aluminum) method or DBA (Direct Bond Aluminum) method to be directly attached to the flow path member 21.
- AMB Active Metal Bonding
- the semiconductor device 100 is less prone to crack even in a long-term thermal cycle. And reliability can be improved.
- FIG. 3A is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a second embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present disclosure.
- the circuit unit 20 of the semiconductor device 200 is a unit having a stacked structure similar to that of the circuit unit 10, and similarly, the wiring layers 26a to 26d face the first flow path member 11. It is cooled efficiently.
- circuit units 10 and 20 do not necessarily have the same laminated structure.
- the circuit units 10 and 20 even if elements or members constituting each layer are partially different, for example, by changing the thickness of the heat sink layers 13 and 23, the thickness of the elements or the like can be increased. You may comprise so that a difference may be absorbed and it may be settled between the 1st flow path member 11 and the 2nd flow path member 21 without producing stress distortion.
- the circuit unit 10 and the circuit unit 20 are arranged adjacent to each other and are upside down, that is, “heat sink layer ⁇ semiconductor element ⁇ wiring layer” and “wiring layer ⁇ semiconductor” As in “element ⁇ heat sink layer”, the stacking order is reversed. That is, in FIG. 3A, in the arrangement defined in the direction from the first flow path member 11 to the second flow path member 21, the order of the heat sink layer 13, the semiconductor element 14, and the wiring layers 16a to 16d is the first circuit unit. 10, the wiring layers 26 a to 26 d, the semiconductor element 24, and the heat sink layer 23 are in this order as the second circuit unit 20.
- the wiring layers 16a to 16d and the wiring layers 26a to 26d are connected to the first flow path member 11 or the second flow path member 11. Since it faces the flow path member 21, it can be cooled efficiently. Further, by arranging the adjacent circuit units 10 and 20 to be stacked upside down, a balance can be achieved in terms of heat and thermal stress.
- the adjacent circuit units 10 and 20 are not limited to two but may be three or may be arranged in the front and rear. Further, a plurality of circuit units may be arranged on the front, rear, left and right.
- the heat sink layers 13 and 23 and the wiring layers 16a to 16d and 26a to 26d are formed on the first flow path member 11 and the second flow path member 21, respectively. To do.
- the semiconductor device 200 can be efficiently manufactured by stacking the first flow path member 11 and the second flow path member 21 and passing through the solder reflow process.
- FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a third embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present disclosure.
- the semiconductor device 201 in FIG. 3B includes the connecting pipes 51 and 61 in the semiconductor device 200 in FIG. 3A. Then, in order to join the connection pipes 51 and 61 to the first flow path member 11 or the second flow path member 21, the connection pipes 51 and 61 are opposed to the first flow path member 11 or the second flow path member 21.
- An adhesive layer 15e is provided between the surfaces.
- an adhesive for example, a silicon-based brazing material or a polyimide-based adhesive
- connection pipes 51 and 61 can be joined simultaneously with the soldering (or brazing material) between the semiconductor elements 14 and 24-wiring layers 16a to 16d and 26a to 26d.
- the semiconductor device 201 of the present disclosure has the adhesive layer 15 e between the opposing surfaces of the connection pipes 51 and 61 and the first flow path member 11 or the second flow path member 21. , 61 from the outer peripheral surface to the first flow path member 11 or the second flow path member 21, a part of the adhesive layer 15e may be located.
- the outer peripheral surface in the connecting pipes 51 and 61 is a surface adjacent to the opposing surface. If such a configuration is satisfied, the adhesive layer 15e causes the refrigerant flowing in the refrigerant flow paths 52 and 62 to flow between the first flow path member 11 or the second flow path member 21 and the connection pipes 51 and 61. It is possible to further suppress the leakage.
- FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a fourth embodiment of the semiconductor device of the present disclosure.
- a semiconductor device 300 shown in FIG. 4 has a configuration in which the semiconductor device 201 in FIG. 3B is stacked two stages up and down, and a refrigerant inflow pipe 91 and a refrigerant outflow pipe 101 are added.
- the refrigerant recirculates inside the passage.
- the first flow path member 11, the circuit units 10 and 20, and the second flow path member 21 constitute a set of cooling units 19, and similarly, the first flow path member 31, the circuit units 30 and 40, and the second flow path member 21.
- the flow path member 41 constitutes a set of cooling units 39. As shown in FIG.
- the first flow path member 11 and the second flow path member 41 are members shared by the cooling units 19 and 39.
- the circuit units 30 and 40 in FIG. 4 are units having the same stacked structure as the circuit units 10 and 20 described above, but may not necessarily have the same stacked structure.
- first, the second flow path member 21, the first flow path member 11 (or the second flow path member 41), and the first flow path are formed by the connecting pipes 51, 61, 71, 81.
- the cooling unit can be three-dimensionally configured, and even in this case, it is possible to balance thermal and stress.
- it is possible to configure a stack type power module by disposing brazing material paste or the like at a predetermined location and performing heat treatment or the like, and the semiconductor device 300 having high cooling efficiency while forming a high-density circuit. It is a feature that can be realized.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a fifth embodiment of the semiconductor device according to the present disclosure.
- a semiconductor device 400 shown in FIG. 5 is an embodiment in the case of adopting a pipe in which a connecting pipe is integrated, and a pipe 111 having a notch 112 is prepared in advance and connected to the above cooling unit.
- the stack type power module can be easily constructed.
- a ring-shaped spacer is prepared, and the spacer is arranged at a position corresponding to the notch 112 between the plurality of flow path members, so that the plurality of flow path members are provided. It is possible to easily insert the pipe 111 positioned over the bridge. Note that.
- Such a ring-shaped spacer also has an effect of preventing liquid leakage when the pipe 111 is damaged.
- bonding is performed in advance in order to join the connecting pipes 51, 61, 71, and 81, the pipes 91, 101, and 111, and the ring-shaped spacer.
- a solder for example, a silicon-based brazing material or a polyimide-based adhesive
- the connecting pipes 51, 61, 71, 81 It is possible to join the pipes 91, 101, 111 and the ring-shaped spacer.
- the connecting pipes 51, 61, 71, 81, the pipes 91, 101, 111, and the ring-shaped spacer are preferably materials that can withstand the solder reflow process, for example, metals, resins, and ceramics. In addition, if it is resin, it is good that it is a polyimide. Moreover, the reliability as the semiconductor devices 300 and 400 can be improved by sealing the circuit units 10, 20, 30, and 40 with a resin mold. As the resin mold, silicone gel or epoxy resin may be used. The resin mold is not only connected to the circuit units 10, 20, 30, 40 but also the connection pipes 51, 61, 71, 81, pipes 91, 101, 111, and ring-shaped spacers by resin molding together. The joint portions of the pipes 51, 61, 71, 81, the pipes 91, 101, 111, the ring-shaped spacer, and the first flow path members 11, 31 and the second flow path members 21, 41 can be reinforced.
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- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Cooling Or The Like Of Semiconductors Or Solid State Devices (AREA)
- Cooling Or The Like Of Electrical Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
つまり、図3Aにおいては、第1流路部材11から第2流路部材21への方向で定義される並びにおいて、ヒートシンク層13、半導体素子14、配線層16a~16dの順を第1回路ユニット10とし、配線層26a~26d、半導体素子24、ヒートシンク層23の順が第2回路ユニット20としている。そして、半導体装置200において2つの回路ユニット10,20が上記のように隣接して位置していることで、配線層16a~16dおよび配線層26a~26dが、第1流路部材11または第2流路部材21に面しているため、効率的に冷却させることができる。さらに、隣り合う回路ユニット10,20を上下逆に積層して配置することで、熱および熱応力の点でバランスをとることができる。
11,31 第1流路部材
21,41 第2流路部材
12,22,32,42 冷媒流路
13,23 ヒートシンク層
14,24 半導体素子
15a,15b,15c,15d ろう材または半田
15e 接着層
16a,16b,16c,16d,16e 配線層
19,39 冷却ユニット
25a,25b,25c,25d ろう材または半田
26a,26b,26c,26d 配線層
51,61,71,81 連結管
52,62,72,82 冷媒流路
92,102 冷媒流路
91,101,111 パイプ
100,200,201,300,400 半導体装置
112 切欠き
Claims (7)
- ヒートシンク層と、配線層と、前記ヒートシンク層および前記配線層の間に半導体素子とを有する回路ユニットと、
絶縁材からなる第1流路部材と、
絶縁材からなる第2流路部材とを備え、
前記回路ユニットが、前記第1流路部材および前記第2流路部材の間に位置し、前記配線層が、前記第1流路部材または前記第2流路部材に面している半導体装置。 - 前記回路ユニット内における前記第1流路部材から前記第2流路部材への並びにおいて、
前記ヒートシンク層、前記半導体素子、前記配線層の順を第1回路ユニットと、前記配線層、前記半導体素子、前記ヒートシンク層の順を第2回路ユニットとしたとき、前記第1回路ユニットと前記第2回路ユニットとが隣接して位置している請求項1に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第1流路部材、前記回路ユニット、前記第2流路部材を1組の冷却ユニットとしたとき、
2組の冷却ユニットにおいて、前記第1流路部材または前記第2流路部材を兼用している請求項1または請求項2に記載の半導体装置。 - 前記第1流路部材と前記第2流路部材とが連結管で接続されている請求項1乃至請求項3のいずれかに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記第1流路部材および前記第2流路部材が、窒化珪素質セラミックスからなる請求項1乃至請求項4のいずれかに記載の半導体装置。
- 前記連結管と、前記第1流路部材または前記第2流路部材との対向面間に接着層を有しているとともに、
前記連結管における外周面から前記第1流路部材または前記第2流路部材にわたって前記接着層の一部が位置している請求項4または請求項5に記載の半導体装置。 - 請求項4乃至請求項6のいずれかに記載の半導体装置の製造方法であって、
前記半導体素子と前記配線層との間にろう材または半田を配置し、
前記第1流路部材と前記連結管との間および前記第2流路部材と前記連結管との間に接着剤を配置した後、熱処理することで、前記半導体素子および前記配線層と、前記第1流路部材および前記連結管と、前記第2流路部材および前記連結管とを接合する半導体装置の製造方法。
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US10607919B2 (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2020-03-31 | Semiconductor Components Industries, Llc | Semiconductor package having junction cooling pipes embedded in substrates |
CN111933595A (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2020-11-13 | 杰群电子科技(东莞)有限公司 | 一种半导体封装结构及半导体封装结构的制造方法 |
WO2023160949A1 (de) * | 2022-02-23 | 2023-08-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Halbleiteranordnung mit einem ersten halbleiterelement und einem ersten verbindungselement |
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