Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
  • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
  • G01N29/221—Arrangements for directing or focusing the acoustical waves
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
  • G01N29/04—Analysing solids
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
  • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
  • G01N29/225—Supports, positioning or alignment in moving situation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
  • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
  • G01N29/24—Probes
  • G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
  • G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
  • G01N29/26—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor
  • G01N29/27—Arrangements for orientation or scanning by relative movement of the head and the sensor by moving the material relative to a stationary sensor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
  • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
  • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
  • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
  • B06B1/06—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction
  • B06B1/0607—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy operating with piezoelectric effect or with electrostriction using multiple elements
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
  • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
  • G01N2291/023—Solids
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
  • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
  • G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
  • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
  • G01N2291/105—Number of transducers two or more emitters, two or more receivers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
  • G01N2291/10—Number of transducers
  • G01N2291/106—Number of transducers one or more transducer arrays
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
  • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
  • G01N2291/263—Surfaces

Definitions

• the invention relates to a test head for an ultrasonic testing system for non-destructive material testing with relative movement of a test object relative to the test head along a test direction.
• the ultrasonic test is an acoustic method for finding material defects, so-called discontinuities, as well as for determining component dimensions by means of ultrasound. It belongs to the nondestructive testing methods.
• non-destructive material testing with ultrasound US
• the sound is transmitted via a coupling medium, eg. B. a liquid layer, transferred from the probe to the DUT.
• the transmission of the ultrasound waves carrying the information about the state of the test specimen from the test specimen to the receiving test head generally also takes place via the same coupling medium.
• Test head is here understood to mean the handling unit in which one or more ultrasonic transducers are installed.
• the ultrasonic transducer itself is the element that converts the electrical signal into a sound signal (acoustic signal) or a sound signal into an electrical signal. Most of the sound-emitting and sound-receiving ultrasonic transducers are combined in a probe. If it concerns separate transmitters and receivers, one also speaks of transceiver probes or SE probes. These are e.g. then preferred when a high Nahaufsansshunt is required. If you send and receive with the same ultrasonic transducer, you are talking about pulse echo probes.
• Transceiver probes are used, for example, in the ultrasonic testing of heavy plates. These typically have typical widths of 1 m to 5 m, typical lengths of 3 m to 30 m and typical thicknesses of 5 mm to 150 mm.
• SE probes Transceiver probes
• a known four-way split transmitter-receiver probe has within a rectangular in cross-section für für ezunosus a row with four immediately adjacent receiver elements and a single transmitter element which extends over the entire covered by the receiver elements width.
• reference errors of class FBH-3 Feat Bottom Hole with 3 mm diameter
• FBH-2 or FBH-1, 2 with high reliability detect.
• the published patent application DE 195 33 466 A1 discloses an ultrasonic test head for non-destructive material testing, which has a plurality of pulse-echo ultrasonic transducers which are arranged with their transmitting / receiving surfaces in a first plane in at least two parallel rows from each other by a gap offset from one another in that each gap between ultrasonic transducers in a row is covered by an ultrasonic transducer of another row.
• the published patent application DE 34 42 751 A1 discloses an ultrasonic testing system for sheets with several adjustable to the sheet probes, which are provided in rows transversely to the conveying direction of the sheet and in the conveying direction in several rows in a row with overlap.
• Each probe has a transmitter and a receiver.
• the published patent application DE 196 42 072 A1 discloses composite probe devices having a plurality of local oscillators arranged in a zigzag manner on both sides of a common transmitter oscillator.
• the transmitting and receiving oscillators are constructed with a common piezoelectric plate, with one of their electrodes being subjected to a division.
• the local oscillators of different rows partially overlap in the lateral direction, so that a complete test over the entire length covered by the transmitter oscillator is possible.
• the published patent application DE 10 2008 002 859 A1 discloses a device for non-destructive testing of flat objects by means of ultrasound, the device using matrix phased array probes.
• the invention provides a test head with the features of claim 1.
• Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims. The wording of all claims is incorporated herein by reference.
• the test head has a test head housing which defines a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction orthogonal thereto.
• the longitudinal direction is that direction which is aligned during operation as parallel as possible to the test direction.
• the transverse direction is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction and thus in test mode as perpendicular as possible to the test direction.
• the test head has a plurality of transceiver units, so that it is an ultrasonic Mehrfachprüfkopf.
• Each of the transceiver units has a transmitter element and an associated receiver element.
• an effective test width is defined in the transverse direction in such a way that a test track with the effective test width can be tested during relative movement of the test object relative to the test head along the test direction by the transceiver.
• the effective test width is usually somewhat smaller than the physical extension of the transceiver unit in the transverse direction, since the sensitivity of the transceiver unit usually drops sharply near the lateral ends, so that effectively only a slightly smaller test width can be used.
• the transceiver units are arranged in at least two rows lying one behind the other in the longitudinal direction, which each extend in the transverse direction. Transceiver units of different rows are offset from one another in the transverse direction in such a way that receiver elements of mutually offset transceiver units overlap one another in an overlapping area in such a way that the entirety of the transceiver units covers an effective test head test width without any gaps. All transceiver units are arranged in the test head housing.
• all transmitter elements are electrically connected to a common transmitter connection element of the probe.
• the transmitter elements are so electrically connected to each other and can be easily controlled synchronously by a common signal.
• the synchronicity of the transmission signals is thus already given by the test head structure and does not have to be ensured by complicated electronics.
• the transceiver units are preferably arranged in exactly two consecutive rows in the longitudinal direction ,
• the geometric arrangement of the transceiver units within the abstractkopfgenosuses is usually determined by means of support elements and permanently fixed spatially by introducing a suitable potting compound, such as an epoxy resin, and protected against ingress of the coupling agent.
• the relative arrangement of the transceiver units can be precisely fixed to one another already during the production of the test head, so that the adjustment of the coupling gap for all transceiver units when the test head is installed in the test head holder can be done together quickly and accurately. This ensures a direct comparability of the signal amplitudes of reference errors of all transceiver units of the probe.
• the overlap regions have a width of at least 10% of the effective test width of the individual transceiver units, wherein the width of the overlap regions is preferably in the range of 20% to 30% of the effective test width.
• the arrangement is selected such that there is a spacing between a number of adjacent transceiver units which is more than 30% or more than 50% of the effective test width of a transceiver unit.
• the transmitter elements and the receiver elements preferably each have a e.g. rectangular plate of piezoelectric material, which acts as a sound-emitting ultrasonic transducer at the transmitter element and as a sound-receiving ultrasonic transducer at the receiver element.
• These plates are separate elements, which are each provided with electrical contacts.
• these plates or plates are inclined relative to each other, so that there is a mirror-symmetrical trained to a parting plane roof shape.
• the parting plane extends in the transverse direction.
• a roof angle may e.g. 6 °, but possibly also more or less.
• a partition of an ultrasonic damping material located in the parting plane (plane of symmetry of the roof assembly) between the ultrasonic transducers.
• This is used, inter alia, the acoustic decoupling of transmitter element and receiver element of a transceiver unit, so that the sound transmission can be done only indirectly via the coupled in the test operation specimen material.
• the partition can also serve the electrical decoupling of the ultrasonic transducer on the transmitting side and the receiving side.
• Advantages of the new concept can already be utilized if only two transceiver units are offset transversely relative to one another within the test head housing and are or are arranged longitudinally in two different rows. Much more transceiver units can also be integrated, for example five to ten transceiver units.
• transceiver units are arranged in the strigkopfgeophuse, wherein a first and a third transceiver adjacent to each other in a first row and a second transceiver symmetrically offset to the gap first and third transceiver unit is arranged in a second row. If four transceiver units are provided, the fourth transceiver unit is preferably arranged in the second row with transverse spacing from the second transceiver unit. An optionally present fifth transceiver unit can be arranged in the first row.
• the individual signal amplitude of a receiver is higher for a given size error, the smaller the effective test width or the larger the ratio between the defect size and the effective test width.
• a higher number of transceiver units e.g. six to ten or more, be favorable in terms of large signal amplitudes.
• the number of transceiver units also increases the technological outlay for the correctly positioned accommodation and the corresponding test electronics and the evaluation.
• the transceiver units arranged in different rows can all have the same orientation of their transmitter elements and receiver elements with respect to the longitudinal direction or test direction. For example, all transmitter units can radiate in the same direction obliquely forward or obliquely backwards (viewed in the test direction).
• the test head housing so that the mutually offset transceiver units each have adapted subsections of the test head housing into which they can be fitted. This could lead to a complex outer contour of the educaticiangeophuses with corners and inner angles.
• the educaticiangeophuse has a rectangular cross-sectional shape.
• the test head housing may be sized and shaped to conform to the test head housings of conventional multi-split multiple oscillators in cross-sectional shape and dimension so that probes according to the claimed invention can readily be replaced in exchange for conventional multi-split multiple oscillators. It would also be possible to electrically connect some receiver elements or all receiver elements and connect them to a common receiver connection element. Preferably, however, it is provided that each of the receiver elements is electrically connected to a separate receiver connection element of the probe. Thus, an accurate assignment of individual error signals to a location or a narrow test track in the transverse direction is possible, whereby the localizability of errors in the transverse direction can be refined.
• the transmitter connection element and the receiver connection elements can be housed in a common connector housing, so that the electrical connection of the probe after mounting in the probe holder is very easy and possibly also requires the use in existing test systems no adaptation of the wiring.
• a partition wall made of an ultrasonic damping material, such as cork, foam or the like.
• at least one partition made of an ultrasound-damping material for example cork, is arranged between transceiver units which are adjacent in a row.
• crosstalk in the transverse direction can be reduced or avoided.
• two or more transceivers are arranged side-by-side in a row, they may have a common divider which encloses the transmitter elements and the receiver elements of the transceivers. Receiving units acoustically decoupled from each other. As a result, the production costs for the acoustic decoupling can be reduced.
• each transceiver unit can be assigned a damping body, which is located opposite that side of the test head which is to be brought into sound-conducting contact with the test object surface.
• the test head housing preferably has a single damping body, which acts as a damping body of all transceiver units.
• the invention also relates to an ultrasonic testing system for non-destructive testing of a test piece under relative movement of the test piece relative to the test head along a test direction, wherein the ultrasonic test system has one or more of the test heads according to the invention.
• the ultrasonic testing system may in particular be an ultrasonic heavy plate testing system.
• Fig. 1 shows an ultrasonic probe according to an embodiment of the invention in a plan view from the active side of the probe;
• Fig. 2 shows a sectional view of the test head of Figure 1 in an installed state within a fürkopfhalters.
• Fig. 3 shows a schematic plan view of an embodiment with another arrangement of sound-insulating partitions
• Fig. 4 shows a schematic plan view of a further embodiment with another arrangement of sound-insulating partitions
• FIG. 5 shows a sectional view of a variant of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 with a different sequence of transmitter elements and receiver elements. Detailed description of the embodiments
• the schematic Fig. 1 shows a test head 100 according to an embodiment of the invention in a plan view of the active side of the probe, so that side with which the probe is brought into the vicinity of the surface of a test specimen to be tested.
• Fig. 2 shows a sectional view.
• the test head is intended for use in a fully automatic ultrasonic heavy plate test system in which a plurality of nominally identical probes are used.
• the test head preferably operates at a nominal frequency of about 4 or 5 MHz and combines in the example three sound-emitting and three sound-receiving ultrasonic transducers, so that it is a transceiver probe (SE probe).
• SE probe transceiver probe
• the test head has a preferably milled metallic für Kirgepur 1 10, which has a substantially rectangular cross-sectional shape in the plane of Fig. 1, wherein the width in the transverse direction Q is more than twice as long as the length in the longitudinal direction L. In the example, the case Width in transverse direction about 65 mm, while the perpendicular measured length is about 24 mm to 25 mm.
• the test head housing On the side of the active surface 120, the test head housing is open (see Fig. 2). At the back of the active surface opposite the test head housing is closed except for passages for electrical lines.
• the test head 100 is used when setting up the test facility in a probe holder 200, which is fastened together with a plurality of nominally identical probe holder on a surface test car of the test system.
• the probe holder 200 carries on its side facing the specimen 290 a so-called wear sole 210 in the form of a solid plate made of a wear-resistant material, such as stainless steel with carbide inserts and / or a hardened steel material.
• the test head holders are delivered in the direction of the test piece 290 so that the wear soles come into contact with the test piece surface 292 and slide thereon as the test piece moves in the test direction 295 relative to the test head holder.
• test head is installed in the test head holder such that the longitudinal direction L of the test head runs as parallel as possible to the test direction 295.
• the orthogonal to the longitudinal direction and transverse direction extending high direction H is then as perpendicular as possible to the specimen surface.
• Typical test speeds in test mode after adjusting all test head holders are usually e.g. be between 0.5 m / s and 1 m / s.
• the wear sole 210 has a rectangular cutout or a recess 215, which extends from the contact surface 212 to the inside goes through and in the longitudinal direction L and transverse direction Q is dimensioned so that the test head 100 can be introduced with a small side clearance from the interior of the probe holder into the recess.
• a support plate 220 At the rear end of the test head, ie on the side facing away from the active surface 120, there is a support plate 220, which serves for the attachment and vertical alignment of the test head in the test head holder 200.
• a so-called coupling gap SP as constant thickness over the width of the probe remains ,
• the thickness D is often on the order of about 0.25 mm to 0.35 mm.
• this gap fills with the coupling fluid, usually water.
• the exact, not wedge-shaped adjustment of the coupling gap, in particular in the longitudinal direction is an essential prerequisite for reliable ultrasonic testing.
• the test head 100 is designed to have a relatively uniform high sensitivity over its entire effective test head width PKPB without major local delays in sensitivity.
• three nominally identical transceiver units are arranged in the housing interior enclosed by the test head housing in the example case, namely a first transceiver unit 150-1, a second transceiver unit 150-2 and a third transceiver unit 150-3.
• Each of the transceiver units comprises a single transmitter element T1, T2 or T3 and a single, the transmitter element associated receiver element R1, R2, R3.
• the transmitter elements and the receiver elements each have a thin rectangular plate of piezoelectric material, which acts as a sound emitting ultrasonic transducer at the transmitter element and as a sound-receiving ultrasonic transducer at the receiver element. Contacts on the front and back are present, but not shown.
• the rectangular plates extend parallel to each other in the transverse direction Q and are inclined relative to each other, so that there is a mirror-symmetrical trained to a parting plane roof shape, eg with a roof angle of, for example, 6 °. ( Figure 2).
• a partition wall 152-1 made of an ultrasound-damping material.
• the partition wall which is preferably made of a cork material, serves for the acoustic decoupling of transmitter element and receiver element of a transceiver unit, so that the sound transmission can take place only indirectly via the test object material coupled in the test mode.
• the partition also serves the electrical decoupling of the ultrasonic transducer on the transmitting side and the receiving side.
• the sequence of transmitter element and receiver element of a transceiver unit in the test direction can also be the reverse of the illustrated sequence. Examples are explained in connection with FIG. 5
• a single damping body 260 is inserted in the interior of the rear-side closed test head housing 110, which serves as rear-side sound damping for all transceiver units.
• the free volumes of the housing interior between the transmitter elements, the receiver elements and partitions is filled up to the level of the active surface 120 with a potting compound made of plastic, so that the electrically operated elements of the probe are sealed watertight.
• Each of the transceiver units has a transversely measured effective width PB1, etc. which is slightly (about 10% to 20%) less than the physical extent of the transmitter element T1 and the transceiver element R1 in the transverse direction.
• Figure 1 shows a curve E1 representing a typical signal amplitude curve over the length of the element measured in transverse direction Q with respect to a reference error FBH-2.
• the signal amplitude is a measure of the sensitivity. Characteristic of this sensitivity curve is a relatively broad plateau of relatively high recoverable signal amplitude symmetrical to the center of the transceiver with a flat local sensitivity drop in the center of the element, two local maxima M1, M2 closer to the outer edges of the element, and a steep decrease in sensitivity close to the ends in the transverse direction.
• the effective check width PB1 may, for example, be defined to denote that region in which the signal amplitude is reduced by e.g.
• the other transceiver units have respective effective test widths PB2, PB3.
• the effective test widths may be e.g. at 20 mm or more.
• the transceiver units are arranged relative to one another such that their effective test widths and the three transversal scan tracks sensed by the transceiver units partially overlap so that scanning across the entire test head test width can be done with high sensitivity.
• the transceiver units are arranged in two straight rows 155-1, 155-2 arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction L, each extending in the transverse direction Q.
• the first transceiver 152-1 and the third transceiver 152-3 are in the first row 155-1 at a mutual distance DQ in the transverse direction Q mounted so that the dividing planes between the respective transmitter elements T1, T3 and the receiver elements R1, R3 coincide or aligned.
• the distance DQ measured in the transverse direction Q between the two transceiver units of the same row is between 40% and 60% of the respective width of the transceiver units in this direction.
• the second transceiver unit 150-2 is arranged in the second row 155-2, that is offset in the longitudinal direction relative to the first and third transceiver unit.
• the second transceiver unit is located symmetrically to the other transceiver units so that the gap between the transceiver units of the first row is completely covered.
• the second transceiver unit 152-2 extends on both sides in the transverse direction so far that an outer portion in the longitudinal direction is behind an outer portion of the transceiver units located in the first row.
• the transceiver units of different rows (first row, second row) in the transverse direction Q are offset from one another in such a way that the receiver elements of staggered transceiver units and also the test tracks scanned by these transceiver units in an overlap area U 1 -2 or U2-3 overlap so that the entirety of the transceiver covers the effective scholarkopf- check width PKPB gapless and without significant sensitivity drop.
• the width of the overlapping areas U 1 -2 and U2-3 measured in the transverse direction Q is approximately 15% to 20% of the effective test width PB1, PB2, PB3 of the individual transceiver units.
• FIG. 1 clearly shows that all transmitter elements T1, T2 and T3 of the test head 100 are connected to a common transmitter connection element AT of the test head. From each receiver element R1, R2 and R3, a separate electrical line leads to a separate receiver connection element AR1, AR2, AR3.
• the transmitter terminal AT and the receiver terminals AR1, AR2 and AR3 are housed in a common plug housing (multiple plug), so that the probe can be conveniently connected to the ultrasonic electronics of the ultrasonic inspection system by connecting to the corresponding socket.
• Each transceiver has its own partition 152-1 between transmitter element and receiver element.
• the partitions are not connected to each other.
• the production can be simplified.
• partitions are arranged on the mutually facing sides of the transceiver units of the first row, so that a possible crosstalk within the probe is even better suppressed than in embodiments without such partitions.
• the transmitter elements T1, T2, etc. of the various transceiver units are each arranged such that all transmitter elements lie in a mutually parallel, obliquely opposite to the LQ plane planes, so that all transmitter elements of in Longitudinal L L consecutive rows due to the inclination in the same direction radiate.
• the emission direction of the three transmitter elements T1, T2 and T3 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 would therefore radiate obliquely forward in this direction when the probe is moving in the longitudinal direction L (upward in FIG. 1).
• FIG. 5 shows a variant of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in a sectional view analogous to FIG. 2.
• the same reference numerals will be used.
• the transmitter elements T1 and T2 of the mutually parallel rows one behind the other transceiver units are not in mutually parallel planes, but are placed obliquely against each other.
• the receiver elements R1, R2. As a result, it is achieved, inter alia, that the transmitter elements T1, T2 of the transceiver units in the longitudinal direction immediately following one another are remote from the sound-radiating surfaces and adjoin one another in each case in the overlapping regions.
• the main radiation directions are oriented so that the transmitter elements transmit the ultrasound from inside to outside.
• the main emission directions thus have opposite components in the longitudinal direction. This can be compared to the z. B. shown in Fig. 1, a further improved acoustic decoupling of lying in different rows transmitter elements can be achieved.
• the transmitter elements can thus at the two-row arrangements each, seen in the longitudinal direction, be arranged in the central region of the probe and sound due to their inclination due to the roof angle to both sides to the outside (in the longitudinal direction).
• FIGS. 3 and 4 Corresponding modifications are also possible in the embodiments of FIGS. 3 and 4.
• the arrangement of transmitter elements T2 and receiver elements R2 can be exchanged so that the transmitter element T2 directly adjoins the transmitter elements T1 and T3 of the two transmitter-receiver units of the other row.
• a corresponding modification may be provided, so that the transmitter element T2 is directly adjacent to the partition wall 442, while the receiver element R2 is externally, d. H. near the probe housing.
• the ultrasonic test is based on the fact that sound waves propagate at different speeds in different media. They are partially reflected at interfaces of different wave impedance. As the difference in the wave impedance increases, so does the reflected component. Changes in the acoustic properties at interfaces in the region of a defect or defect in the interior of the test specimen to be tested reflect the sound pulse emitted by the transmitter element and send it to the receiver element in the test head. As errors (or discontinuities) come e.g. Voids (cavities), inclusions, cracks or other separations in the structure into consideration.
• the pulse-echo method the elapsed time between transmission and reception is measured. Based on the measured time difference, a signal can be generated.
• This signal can be used to determine the location of a discontinuity and the size of the fault or discontinuity by comparing it to a replacement reflector (eg a flat bottom hole (FBH), a groove or a transverse bore) , related to the candidate and documented in various ways, immediately or later.
• a replacement reflector eg a flat bottom hole (FBH), a groove or a transverse bore

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• Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
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• 2016
  • 2016-04-04 DE DE102016205548.8A patent/DE102016205548A1/de active Pending
• 2017
  • 2017-03-27 CN CN201780034635.5A patent/CN109196349A/zh active Pending
  • 2017-03-27 RU RU2018136368A patent/RU2732102C2/ru active
  • 2017-03-27 JP JP2018552191A patent/JP7122973B2/ja active Active
  • 2017-03-27 EP EP17714181.9A patent/EP3440458A1/de active Pending
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