WO2017170315A1 - 防音構造、仕切り構造、窓部材およびケージ - Google Patents
防音構造、仕切り構造、窓部材およびケージ Download PDFInfo
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- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004830 Super Glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000288 alkali metal carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000008041 alkali metal carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium sulfate Chemical compound N.N.OS(O)(=O)=O BFNBIHQBYMNNAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052921 ammonium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011130 ammonium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISFLYIRWQDJPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chlorate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]Cl(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)=O ISFLYIRWQDJPDR-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ba+2] WDIHJSXYQDMJHN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001626 barium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ba+2] RQPZNWPYLFFXCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ba+2] OYLGJCQECKOTOL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910001632 barium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001863 barium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SGUXGJPBTNFBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium iodide Chemical compound [I-].[I-].[Ba+2] SGUXGJPBTNFBAD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940075444 barium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001638 barium iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GXUARMXARIJAFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium oxalate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O GXUARMXARIJAFV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229940094800 barium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- OOULUYZFLXDWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium perchlorate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O.[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O OOULUYZFLXDWDQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ARSLNKYOPNUFFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfite Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])=O ARSLNKYOPNUFFY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium titanate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[Ba+2].[O-][Ti]([O-])([O-])[O-] JRPBQTZRNDNNOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002113 barium titanate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HLKMEIITONDPGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC(O)C([O-])=O.CC(O)C([O-])=O HLKMEIITONDPGG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium(2+);octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O AGXUVMPSUKZYDT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L barium(2+);oxomethanediolate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-][14C]([O-])=O AYJRCSIUFZENHW-DEQYMQKBSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052790 beryllium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N beryllium atom Chemical compound [Be] ATBAMAFKBVZNFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001639 boron compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ce](Cl)Cl VYLVYHXQOHJDJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- QCCDYNYSHILRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);trifluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[F-].[Ce+3] QCCDYNYSHILRDG-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium molybdenum Chemical compound [Cr].[Mo] VNTLIPZTSJSULJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(6+) Chemical compound [Cr+6] JOPOVCBBYLSVDA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003795 desorption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940111685 dibasic potassium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940061607 dibasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OP([O-])([O-])=O BNIILDVGGAEEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005323 electroforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006332 epoxy adhesive Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004438 eyesight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011151 fibre-reinforced plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004677 hydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Fe](Cl)Cl RBTARNINKXHZNM-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000833 kovar Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZGJOORCILCWISV-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium difluoride pentahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.[F-].[F-].[Mg++] ZGJOORCILCWISV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- QENHCSSJTJWZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium sulfide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[S-2] QENHCSSJTJWZAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005641 methacryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003658 microfiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002815 nickel Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L nickel sulfate Chemical compound [Ni+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O LGQLOGILCSXPEA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000363 nickel(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I pentapotassium;[oxido(phosphonatooxy)phosphoryl] phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])(=O)OP([O-])(=O)OP([O-])([O-])=O ATGAWOHQWWULNK-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 239000013500 performance material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000889 permalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002492 poly(sulfone) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001230 polyarylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002530 polyetherether ketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001601 polyetherimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000009719 polyimide resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000069 polyphenylene sulfide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000027 potassium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011181 potassium carbonates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004224 potassium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013926 potassium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960003189 potassium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium silicate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NNHHDJVEYQHLHG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [K+].[O-][Al]=O KVOIJEARBNBHHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrimethanil Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=NC(NC=2C=CC=CC=2)=N1 ZLIBICFPKPWGIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002310 reflectometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002631 room-temperature vulcanizate silicone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006298 saran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940082569 selenite Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-L selenite(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Se]([O-])=O MCAHWIHFGHIESP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013464 silicone adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000176 sodium gluconate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012207 sodium gluconate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940005574 sodium gluconate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910001379 sodium hypophosphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011684 sodium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015393 sodium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium molybdate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O TVXXNOYZHKPKGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019794 sodium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007655 standard test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RCYJPSGNXVLIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenetitanium Chemical compound [S].[Ti] RCYJPSGNXVLIBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N triammonium citrate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O YWYZEGXAUVWDED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940001496 tribasic sodium phosphate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002349 well water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020681 well water Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003755 zirconium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Zr](Cl)(Cl)Cl DUNKXUFBGCUVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- OMQSJNWFFJOIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-J zirconium tetrafluoride Chemical compound F[Zr](F)(F)F OMQSJNWFFJOIMO-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/86—Sound-absorbing elements slab-shaped
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B1/8409—Sound-absorbing elements sheet-shaped
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/172—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using resonance effects
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8423—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling
- E04B2001/8433—Tray or frame type panels or blocks, with or without acoustical filling with holes in their face
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/82—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to sound only
- E04B1/84—Sound-absorbing elements
- E04B2001/8457—Solid slabs or blocks
- E04B2001/8476—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling
- E04B2001/848—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element
- E04B2001/8485—Solid slabs or blocks with acoustical cavities, with or without acoustical filling the cavities opening onto the face of the element the opening being restricted, e.g. forming Helmoltz resonators
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
- G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
- G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
- G10K11/1781—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase characterised by the analysis of input or output signals, e.g. frequency range, modes, transfer functions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a soundproof structure, a partition structure using the soundproof structure, a window member, and a cage.
- noises have a wide frequency range, low-frequency sounds are felt as pressure, mid-range (about 1000 Hz to 4000 Hz) is high because the ear structure has good sensitivity, and high-frequency sounds are harsh. For this reason, it is necessary to take measures against wideband noise.
- wideband noise For example, in wind noise, there is noise with sound pressure from a low frequency range to a high frequency range, such as white noise, and it is necessary to take measures against broadband noise.
- noise countermeasures in various devices office equipment such as copiers, automobiles, and trains
- noise countermeasures in various devices are limited in size, and therefore a soundproof structure capable of soundproofing in a small space is required.
- noise is generated on the low frequency side of about 100 Hz to 1000 Hz from movable parts such as motors and fans of various devices.
- urethane sponge, glass wool, and the like are used as a general soundproofing material for noise of a wide frequency band.
- urethane sponge or glass wool as a soundproofing material, it is necessary to increase the volume in order to increase the sound absorption rate. There was a problem that it could not be obtained.
- the conventional sound absorbing material, or the combination of the conventional sound absorbing material and the back wall was difficult to absorb unless a very large volume was used. .
- the material is not environmentally friendly and deteriorates.
- a soundproof structure that absorbs sound in a specific frequency band there are a structure using membrane vibration and a structure using Helmholtz resonance. Since the soundproof structure using the membrane vibration generates sound absorption at the resonance frequency of the membrane vibration, the absorption increases at the resonance frequency, but the sound absorption is reduced at other frequencies, and it is difficult to widen the frequency band for sound absorption.
- a soundproof structure that uses Helmholtz resonance for example, as shown in Patent Document 1, provides a closed space that is acoustically closed by placing a shielding plate on the back of a plate-like member in which a large number of through holes are formed. It has a configuration.
- Such a soundproof structure using Helmholtz resonance is a part where the air in the through hole is governed by the equation of motion that is moved by the sound when the sound enters the through hole from the outside, and the air in the closed space by the sound. The part governed by the spring equation that repeats expansion and compression is connected.
- the movement of air in the through-hole has a coil-like behavior in which the pressure phase advances 90 degrees from the local velocity phase
- the movement of air in the closed space has a capacitor-like behavior in which the pressure phase is delayed by 90 degrees from the local velocity phase.
- the Helmholtz resonance is a so-called LC series circuit as a sound equivalent circuit as a whole, and has a resonance determined by the area and length of the through hole and the volume of the closed space. At the time of this resonance, sound is reciprocated many times through the through hole, and during that time, strong sound absorption is generated at a specific frequency due to friction with the through hole.
- Patent Document 2 includes a sheet having a plurality of through holes as a soundproof structure having a through hole without a closed space, and a through hole whose center substantially coincides with the through hole of the sheet.
- a soundproof sheet having a shape that increases in diameter with an increase and a sound collecting portion provided outside the sheet.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a film material (film-like sound absorption) that is partitioned by a partition wall serving as a frame, is closed by a rear wall (rigid wall) made of a plate-like member, and covers the opening of a cavity whose front forms an opening.
- a sound absorber in which a resonance hole for Helmholtz resonance is formed in an inner region (corner portion) is disclosed. In this sound absorber, the cavity is closed except for the resonance holes.
- This sound absorber has both a sound absorbing action by membrane vibration and a sound absorbing action by Helmholtz resonance.
- a plate In a configuration in which a closed space is provided on the back surface of a plate-like member in which a large number of through holes are formed as described in Patent Document 1, and in a configuration in which sound absorption is performed using Helmholtz resonance, a plate is used to create a closed space.
- a shielding plate that does not allow sound to pass through the back surface of the member is indispensable, and in principle, since the resonance is used, the frequency band in which sound can be absorbed is narrow and it is difficult to widen the band.
- the soundproof sheet described in Patent Document 2 is sound-insulating by reflection according to the mass law due to the weight of the sheet itself, and the through-hole portion does not contribute to soundproofing, and it penetrates by devising the structure around the through-hole. Even if a hole is made, the sound insulation performance of the original sheet is kept as close as possible. Therefore, there is a problem that it is impossible to obtain a soundproof performance higher than that of the mass law, and the sound is reflected and cannot be absorbed well. Further, in Patent Document 3, since it is necessary to use both the sound absorbing action by membrane vibration and the sound absorbing action by Hertzholm resonance, the rear wall of the partition wall as a frame is closed by a plate-like member. Similarly, there is a problem that wind and heat cannot be transmitted and heat tends to be accumulated, which is not suitable for sound insulation of equipment and automobiles.
- the object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, exhibit high soundproof performance in a wide frequency band from the low frequency side to the high frequency side, can be miniaturized, ensure air permeability, and transmit light. It aims at providing the soundproof structure which has property.
- the present inventor has a plate-like member having a plurality of through-holes penetrating in the thickness direction and a frame member having an opening, and the periphery of the opening of the frame member.
- the plate member has a soundproof structure capable of vibrating the membrane, and the average opening diameter of the through holes is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less.
- the present inventors have found that the above problem can be solved when the vibration frequency is between 10 Hz and 100,000 Hz, and have completed the present invention. That is, it has been found that the above object can be achieved by the following configuration.
- a plate-like member comprising a plate-like member having a plurality of through holes penetrating in the thickness direction and a frame member having an opening, and fixing the plate-like member to the periphery of the opening of the frame member.
- the average opening diameter of the through holes is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less
- a soundproof structure in which the first natural vibration frequency of the membrane vibration of the plate-like member is between 10 Hz and 100,000 Hz.
- the average opening diameter of the through holes is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 100 ⁇ m
- rho_center The soundproof structure according to [1], wherein the average aperture ratio rho is in a range in which-(0.085 ⁇ (phi / 20) -2 ) is a lower limit and rho_center + (0.35 ⁇ (phi / 20) -2 ) is an upper limit.
- the average opening diameter of the through holes is 100 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less, The soundproof structure according to [1], wherein the average opening ratio of the through holes is between 0.5% and 1.0%.
- the hole diameter of the opening of the frame member is smaller than the maximum wavelength of the sound to be absorbed.
- Soundproof structure as described in [9] The soundproof structure according to any one of [1] to [8], wherein the material for forming the plate-like member is a metal.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a soundproof structure that exhibits high soundproof performance in a wide frequency band, can be miniaturized, can ensure air permeability, and has light permeability.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows notionally an example of the soundproof structure of this invention. It is a schematic front view of the soundproof structure of FIG. It is a schematic sectional drawing of the soundproof structure of FIG. It is a perspective view which shows notionally an example of the form using the soundproof structure of this invention. It is a schematic sectional drawing of other examples of a soundproof structure. It is typical sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the suitable manufacturing method of the soundproof structure which has a some through-hole. It is typical sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the suitable manufacturing method of the soundproof structure which has a some through-hole. It is typical sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the suitable manufacturing method of the soundproof structure which has a some through-hole. It is typical sectional drawing for demonstrating an example of the suitable manufacturing method of the soundproof structure which has a some through-hole.
- FIG. 9D is a sectional view taken along line DD of FIG. 9C.
- FIG. 36 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along line AA of the soundproof cell shown in FIG. 35. It is a top view of other examples of a soundproof member with a soundproof structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 38 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the soundproof member shown in FIG. 37 taken along line BB.
- FIG. 38 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line CC of the soundproof member shown in FIG. 37. It is a typical perspective view for demonstrating the shape of a frame. It is sectional drawing which shows typically another example of a soundproof structure. It is a graph showing the relationship between distance and eye resolution. It is a graph showing the relationship between a frequency and an absorption factor. It is a graph showing the relationship between a frequency and an absorption factor. It is a graph showing the relationship between a frequency and an absorption factor. It is a graph showing the relationship between a frequency and an absorption factor. It is a graph showing the relationship between a frequency and an absorption factor. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the measuring method of visibility. It is the figure which image
- a numerical range expressed using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the soundproof structure of the present invention includes a plate-like member having a plurality of through holes penetrating in the thickness direction and a frame member having an opening, and by fixing the plate-like member to the periphery of the opening of the frame member.
- a soundproof structure in which the plate-like member can vibrate The average opening diameter of the through holes is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less, This is a soundproof structure in which the first natural vibration frequency of the membrane vibration of the plate-like member exists between 10 Hz and 100,000 Hz.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view showing an example of a preferred embodiment of the soundproof structure of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic front view of the soundproof structure
- FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the soundproof structure.
- FIG. A soundproof structure 10 shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 includes a substantially square plate-like member 12 having a plurality of through-holes 14 penetrating in the thickness direction, and openings having substantially the same size and shape as the plate-like member 12.
- the frame member 16 has a configuration in which the plate member 12 is fitted into the opening of the frame member 16 and the peripheral portion of the plate member 12 is fixed to and supported by the frame member 16.
- Such a soundproof structure 10 is used in various types of manufacturing equipment such as a copying machine, a blower, an air conditioner, a ventilation fan, pumps, a generator, a duct, and other various kinds of manufacturing equipment that emits sound, such as a coating machine, a rotating machine, and a conveyor.
- Equipment transportation equipment such as automobiles, trains, airplanes, refrigerators, washing machines, dryers, televisions, photocopiers, microwave ovens, game machines, air conditioners, fans, PCs, vacuum cleaners, air cleaners, ventilation fans, etc. It is used for general household equipment and is appropriately arranged at a position where sound generated from a noise source passes in various equipment. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the sound generated from the noise source 52 is absorbed by being arranged at an open end of a pipe 50 communicating with the noise source 52.
- the plate member 12 is configured to be fitted and fixed to the opening of the frame member 16, but as shown in FIG. Alternatively, the plate member 12 having a larger size may be fixed to one end surface of the frame member 16 so as to cover the opening.
- the frame member 16 is formed so as to surround the opening that penetrates, and is used to fix and support the plate-like member 12 so as to cover the opening.
- the plate-like member fixed to the frame member 16 It becomes a node of 12 membrane vibrations. Therefore, the frame member 16 is higher in rigidity than the plate-like member 12, and specifically, it is preferable that both the mass per unit area and the rigidity are high.
- the frame member 16 is preferably a closed and continuous shape that can fix the plate member 12 so that the entire circumference of the plate member 12 can be suppressed, but the present invention is not limited to this, If the frame member 16 becomes a node of the membrane vibration of the plate-like member 12 fixed thereto, a part of the frame member 16 may be cut and discontinuous. That is, the role of the frame member 16 is to fix and support the plate-like member 12 to control the membrane vibration. Therefore, even if the frame member 16 has a small cut, there is a portion that is not adhered slightly. It is effective even if it exists. Further, the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the penetrating direction of the opening of the frame member 16 is a square in the example shown in FIG.
- the size of the frame member 16 is the size of the opening in plan view.
- the size of the opening in a plan view is defined as the diameter of the opening in a cross section perpendicular to the penetrating direction of the opening, that is, the opening diameter of the opening.
- the cross-sectional shape perpendicular to the penetrating direction of the opening is a shape other than a circle such as a polygon, an ellipse, and an indefinite shape
- the size of the opening is defined by the equivalent circle diameter.
- the equivalent circle diameter is a diameter when converted to a circle having the same area.
- the size of the opening of the frame member 16 is not particularly limited, and the soundproofing object to which the soundproofing structure 10 of the present invention is applied for soundproofing, such as a copying machine, a blower, an air conditioner, a ventilation fan, and a pump. , Generators, ducts, other types of manufacturing equipment such as coating machines, rotating machines, conveyors, etc. that produce sound, transportation equipment such as automobiles, trains, airplanes, refrigerators, washing machines, What is necessary is just to set according to general household devices, such as a dryer, a television, a copy machine, a microwave oven, a game machine, an air conditioner, an electric fan, PC, a vacuum cleaner, an air cleaner.
- a dryer a television, a copy machine, a microwave oven, a game machine, an air conditioner, an electric fan, PC, a vacuum cleaner, an air cleaner.
- the soundproof structure 10 in which the plate-like member 12 is fixed to the frame member 16 can be used as a unit soundproof cell, and a soundproof structure having a plurality of unit soundproof cells can also be used. Thereby, it is not necessary to adjust the size of the opening to the size of the duct or the like, and a plurality of unit soundproof cells can be combined and arranged at the end of the duct to be used for soundproofing (see FIGS. 10A and 10B). Further, the soundproof structure 10 itself can be used like a partition to be used for the purpose of blocking sounds from a plurality of noise sources. Also in this case, the size of the frame member 16 can be selected from the frequency of the target noise.
- the size of the frame member 16 is preferably smaller than the maximum wavelength among the sounds to be absorbed.
- the size of the frame member 16 is preferably 0.5 mm to 300 mm, more preferably 1 mm to 100 mm, and most preferably 5 mm to 50 mm.
- the thickness of the frame of the frame member 16 and the thickness of the opening in the penetrating direction are not particularly limited as long as the plate member 12 can be securely fixed and supported.
- it can be set according to the size of the frame member 16.
- the frame thickness of the frame member 16 is the thickness d 1 of the thinnest portion of the opening surface of the frame member 16.
- the height of the frame member 16 is a height h 1 in the through direction of the opening.
- the frame thickness of the frame member 16 is preferably 0.5 mm to 20 mm, more preferably 0.7 mm to 10 mm when the size of the frame member 16 is 0.5 mm to 50 mm.
- the frame thickness of the frame member 16 is preferably 1 mm to 100 mm, more preferably 3 mm to 50 mm, more preferably 5 mm to 20 mm when the size of the frame member 16 is more than 50 mm and 300 mm or less. Most preferably.
- the height of the frame member 16, that is, the thickness of the opening in the penetrating direction is preferably 0.5 mm to 200 mm, more preferably 0.7 mm to 100 mm, and 1 mm to 50 mm. Is most preferred.
- the material for forming the frame member 16 is not particularly limited as long as it can support the plate-like member 12, has strength suitable for application to the above-described soundproofing object, and is resistant to the soundproofing environment of the soundproofing object. And can be selected according to the soundproofing object and its soundproofing environment.
- the material of the frame member 16 includes metal materials such as aluminum, titanium, magnesium, tungsten, iron, steel, chromium, chromium molybdenum, nichrome molybdenum, and alloys thereof; acrylic resin, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, Polyamideide, polyarylate, polyetherimide, polyacetal, polyetheretherketone, polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfone, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyimide, triacetylcellulose, and ABS resin (acrylonitrile, butadiene, styrene copolymer synthesis) Resin materials such as carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP: Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics), carbon fibers, and glass fiber reinforced plastics ( FRP: Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics), and the like can be given. Further, a plurality of types of materials of the frame member 16 may be used in combination.
- CFRP Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics
- FRP Glass
- a sound absorbing material 24 may be disposed in the opening of the frame member 16.
- the sound absorbing material is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known sound absorbing material can be appropriately used.
- various known sound-absorbing materials such as foamed materials such as urethane foam, and nonwoven fabrics such as glass wool and microfiber (such as 3M Synthalate) can be used.
- foamed materials such as urethane foam
- nonwoven fabrics such as glass wool and microfiber (such as 3M Synthalate) can be used.
- the vibration of the plate member can be moderately suppressed by arranging the sound absorbing material in contact with a part or the whole of the plate member.
- the sound absorption effect due to sound passing through the through-hole due to excessive vibration of the plate-like member May not be fully demonstrated.
- the sound absorbing material in contact with the plate-like member and appropriately suppressing the vibration of the plate-like member, both the sound absorbing effect and the plate vibration effect due to the sound passing through the through hole are sufficiently obtained. Can be demonstrated.
- the plate-like member 12 has a plurality of through holes and is fixed so as to be restrained by the frame member 16 so as to cover the opening of the frame member 16. The sound is absorbed or reflected by sound passing through the sound and by vibrating the membrane.
- the plate-like member 12 has a plurality of through holes 14 penetrating in the thickness direction.
- the plurality of through holes 14 formed in the plate member 12 have an average opening diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less.
- the fixing method of the plate-like member 12 to the frame member 16 is not particularly limited, and any method can be used as long as the plate-like member 12 can be fixed to the frame member 16.
- Examples include a method using tools.
- the adhesive is applied on the surface (end surface) surrounding the opening of the frame member 16, the plate member 12 is placed thereon, and the plate member 12 is framed with the adhesive. Fix to member 16.
- Examples of adhesives include epoxy adhesives (Araldite (registered trademark) (manufactured by Nichiban Co., Ltd.)), cyanoacrylate adhesives (Aron Alpha (registered trademark) (manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.), etc.) And acrylic adhesives.
- a plate-like member 12 arranged so as to cover the opening of the frame member 16 is sandwiched between the frame member 16 and a fixing member such as a rod, and the fixing member is screwed or screwed.
- the method of fixing to the frame member 16 using the fixing tool of No. etc. can be mentioned.
- a double-sided tape (for example, 3M made by Nitto Denko Corporation) can be cut out according to the size of the opening of the frame member, and the plate-like member can be fixed thereon.
- the soundproof structure 10 does not have a closed space on one surface side (hereinafter also referred to as a back surface) of the plate-like member. That is, the soundproof structure 10 does not use the principle of absorbing sound by causing resonance by connecting the air layer in the through hole and the air layer in the closed space as a mass spring.
- a shielding plate that does not allow sound to pass through the back surface of the member is indispensable, and in principle, since the resonance is used, the frequency band in which sound can be absorbed is narrow and it is difficult to widen the band.
- the present inventors include a plate-like member having a plurality of through holes penetrating in the thickness direction, and a frame member having an opening, and the plate-like member is attached to the periphery of the opening of the frame member.
- the plate-like member has a soundproof structure in which membrane vibration can occur, the average opening diameter of the through holes is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less, and the first natural vibration frequency of the membrane vibration of the plate-like member is 10 Hz to It has been found that a sound absorbing effect can be obtained without a closed space behind by using a soundproof structure existing between 100000 Hz.
- the configuration of the present invention has a plate-like member and a through hole, so that it is considered that sound passes through either of these two types and is transmitted.
- the path that passes through the plate-shaped member is a path where solid vibration once converted to membrane vibration of the plate-shaped member is re-radiated as sound waves, and the path that passes through the through-hole is a gas through the through-hole. It is a path that passes directly as a propagation sound. And it is thought that the path
- the sound absorption mechanism in the path that passes through the through hole is a change of sound energy to thermal energy due to friction between the inner wall surface of the through hole and air when sound passes through the fine through hole.
- This mechanism is caused by the fine through-hole size, it is different from the resonance mechanism.
- the path directly passing through the through hole as sound in the air has a much smaller impedance than the path once converted into membrane vibration and then radiated again as sound. Therefore, it is easy for sound to pass through a through-hole path finer than membrane vibration.
- sound is concentrated and passed from a wide area on the plate-like member to a narrow area of the through-hole. The local velocity becomes extremely large by collecting sound in the through hole.
- the friction correlates with the speed, the friction is increased and converted into heat in the minute through hole.
- the ratio of the edge length of the opening to the opening area is increased, so that it is considered that the friction generated at the edge of the through-hole and the inner wall surface can be increased.
- the effect of increasing the tension (tension) by pulling the film from the frame member is shown, and the apparent rigidity of the film is greatly increased compared to the Young's modulus of the actual film. .
- the first natural vibration frequency of the membrane vibration of the plate-like member is set between 10 Hz and 100,000 Hz, and the apparent rigidity of the membrane is formed by creating a rigidity law region on the lower frequency side than the first natural vibration frequency. The height is increased so that the vibration of the membrane is not increased too much even in the low frequency region.
- the structure in addition to the absorption characteristics of the high-frequency region, which is the original function of the fine through-holes, by attaching the frame to create the rigidity law region, the friction due to the fine through-holes in the high-frequency region With the sound absorbing effect remaining, the structure has a sound absorbing effect due to friction with fine through holes even in a low frequency region.
- the first natural vibration frequency in the structure composed of the frame member 16 and the plate-like member 12, that is, the first natural vibration frequency of the plate-like member 12 fixed so as to be suppressed by the frame member 16, is a sound wave due to a resonance phenomenon. Where the membrane vibration is most oscillated, the sound wave has a frequency of a natural vibration mode that is largely transmitted at that frequency.
- the first natural vibration frequency is determined by the structure composed of the frame member 16 and the plate-like member 12, and therefore has substantially the same value regardless of the presence or absence of the through-hole 14 drilled in the plate-like member 12. It has been found by the present inventors.
- the soundproof structure of the present invention has a minimum absorption rate at the first natural vibration frequency ⁇ 100 Hz.
- the first natural vibration frequency of the membrane vibration of the plate-like member is preferably 20 Hz to 20000 Hz, and more preferably 50 Hz to 15000 Hz.
- the first resonance frequency of the membrane vibration of each configuration when the size of the opening is variously changed is shown. It is shown in 1.
- the first resonance frequency of the membrane vibration can be adjusted by changing the length of one side of the opening, that is, the size of the opening. It can also be seen that the first resonance frequency of the membrane vibration can be increased by reducing the size of the frame member. It can be seen that the size of the opening is preferably smaller from the viewpoint of creating a rigidity law region on the lower frequency side than the first natural vibration frequency and enhancing the effect of sound absorption by the through hole.
- a so-called mesh metal mesh, plastic mesh
- a honeycomb structure such as an aluminum honeycomb panel or a paper honeycomb core
- the soundproof structure of the present invention does not require a closed space on the back surface of the plate-like member as described above, the size can be reduced. Moreover, since there is no closed space on the back, air permeability can be ensured. Moreover, since it has a through-hole, it can permeate
- the plate-like member since the plate-like member has fine through-holes, even when liquid such as water adheres to the plate-like member, the surface tension prevents water from blocking the through-holes and does not block the through-holes. Sound absorption performance is difficult to decrease.
- the plate-like member used in the present invention is thin and easily damaged due to the formation of a plurality of fine through holes. However, by reducing the size of the opening of the frame member, it becomes difficult to touch with a finger or the like. It is possible to suppress damage.
- the average aperture ratio of the through holes there is an optimum ratio in the average aperture ratio of the through holes.
- the average aperture diameter is relatively large, such as about 50 ⁇ m or more, the smaller the average aperture ratio, the higher the absorption ratio. Found it to be higher.
- the average aperture ratio is large, sound passes through each of the many through holes.
- the average aperture ratio is small, the number of through holes is reduced, so that the sound passes through one through hole. It is considered that the noise increases and the local velocity of the air passing through the through hole is further increased, and the friction generated at the edge and inner wall surface of the through hole can be further increased.
- the upper limit value of the average opening diameter of the through holes is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 80 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 70 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 30 ⁇ m or less. This is because as the average opening diameter of the through-holes becomes smaller, the ratio of the edge length of the through-holes contributing to friction in the through-holes with respect to the opening area of the through-holes becomes larger, and the friction tends to occur.
- the lower limit of the average opening diameter is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 2 ⁇ m or more. If the average opening diameter is too small, the viscous resistance when passing through the through hole is too high to allow sound to pass sufficiently, so that even if the opening ratio is increased, a sound absorbing effect cannot be obtained sufficiently.
- the average opening ratio of the through holes may be set as appropriate according to the average opening diameter and the like, but from the viewpoint of sound absorption performance and air permeability, the average opening ratio of the through holes is preferably 2% or more, and 3% The above is more preferable, and 5% or more is more preferable. Moreover, when air permeability and exhaust heat property are more important, 10% or more is preferable. From the results of examples and simulations to be described in detail later, when the average opening diameter of the through holes is large, the average opening ratio of the through holes is preferably small, and when the average opening diameter of the through holes is as small as 20 ⁇ m or less. The average opening ratio of the through holes is preferably 5% or more.
- the average opening diameter of the through hole is obtained by photographing the surface of the plate-like member at a magnification of 200 times from one surface of the plate-like member using a high resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM). Then, 20 through-holes whose circumferences are connected in a ring shape are extracted, their opening diameters are read, and the average value of these is calculated as the average opening diameter. If there are less than 20 through-holes in one SEM photograph, SEM photographs are taken at other positions around the periphery and counted until the total number reaches 20. The opening diameter was evaluated using the diameter (equivalent circle diameter) when the area of the through-hole portion was measured and replaced with a circle having the same area.
- the shape of the opening of the through hole is not limited to a substantially circular shape, when the shape of the opening is non-circular, the diameter of the circle having the same area was evaluated. Therefore, for example, even in the case of a through hole having a shape in which two or more through holes are integrated, this is regarded as one through hole, and the circle equivalent diameter of the through hole is set as the opening diameter.
- “Image J” https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/
- the average aperture ratio was obtained by photographing the surface of the plate member at a magnification of 200 times from directly above using a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM). , Binarize with image analysis software, etc., and observe the through-hole part and the non-through-hole part. From the total opening area of the through-hole and the visual field area (geometric area), the ratio (opening area / geometric Target area), and the average value in each field of view (5 locations) is calculated as the average aperture ratio.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the plurality of through holes may be regularly arranged or randomly arranged. Random arrangement is preferable from the viewpoints of productivity of fine through holes, robustness of sound absorption characteristics, and suppression of sound diffraction.
- the robustness of the sound absorption characteristic means that the sound absorption characteristic is difficult to change when variations occur in the arrangement, the opening diameter, and the like in manufacturing and manufacturing.
- Random is a state in which there is no periodicity such as complete arrangement, and an absorption effect by each through-hole appears, but a diffraction phenomenon due to the minimum distance between through-holes does not occur.
- a sample prepared by an etching process in a roll-like continuous process there is a sample prepared by an etching process in a roll-like continuous process.
- a random pattern such as a surface treatment is more collectively processed than a process of creating a periodic array. Since it is easier to form, it is preferably arranged at random from the viewpoint of productivity.
- this invention defines as follows that a through-hole is arrange
- strong diffracted light appears. Even if the position of only a part of the periodic structure is different, diffracted light appears depending on the remaining structure. Since diffracted light is a wave formed by superposition of scattered light from a basic cell having a periodic structure, it is a mechanism that interference by the remaining structure generates diffracted light even if only a small part is disturbed. Therefore, as the number of basic cells disturbed from the periodic structure increases, the intensity of the diffracted light decreases as the scattered light that interferes with the diffracted light increases.
- Random in the present invention indicates that at least 10% of the entire through-holes are deviated from the periodic structure. From the above discussion, in order to suppress the diffracted light, it is desirable that there are more basic cells that deviate from the periodic structure. Further, a structure in which 90% of the whole is displaced is more preferable.
- the verification of the deviation can be performed by taking an image in which five or more through holes are accommodated and analyzing the image. More accurate analysis can be performed with a larger number of through-holes.
- the image can be used by an optical microscope, SEM, or any other image that can recognize the positions of a plurality of through holes. In the photographed image, pay attention to one through hole and measure the distance from the surrounding through hole.
- the closest distances are a1, the second, the third, and the fourth closest distances are a2, a3, and a4, respectively.
- the through hole can be determined as a hole having a periodic structure with respect to the distance b1.
- the through hole can be determined as a through hole that deviates from the periodic structure. This operation is performed for all through holes on the image to make a judgment.
- the above “match” matches up to the shift of ⁇ when the diameter of the focused through hole is ⁇ . That is, when the relationship of a2 ⁇ ⁇ a1 ⁇ a2 + ⁇ is satisfied, it is assumed that a2 and a1 match. This is because the diffracted light considers the scattered light from each through-hole, so that it is considered that scattering occurs in the range of the hole diameter ⁇ .
- the ratio c1 is the ratio of through holes having a periodic structure
- 1-c1 is the ratio of through holes deviating from the periodic structure
- 1-c1 is a numerical value that determines the above “random”.
- the structure is “random”.
- (1-c1) or (1-c2) is less than 10%, the structure has a periodic structure and is not “random”. In this way, when the condition of “random” is satisfied for any ratio c1, c2,..., The structure is defined as “random”.
- the plurality of through holes may be formed of through holes having one kind of opening diameter, or may be formed of through holes having two or more kinds of opening diameters. From the viewpoints of productivity, durability, etc., it is preferable to comprise through holes having two or more opening diameters.
- the productivity as in the case of the above random arrangement, the productivity is improved by allowing variation in the opening diameter from the viewpoint of performing a large amount of etching.
- the size of dust and debris varies depending on the environment, so if it is a through hole with one type of opening diameter, all the through holes will have a size that matches the size of the main dust. Will have an impact.
- the device can be applied in various environments.
- a through hole having a maximum diameter inside can be formed.
- This shape makes it difficult for clogs (such as dust, toner, non-woven fabric, and foamed material) to clog inside, and improves the durability of the film having through-holes. Dust larger than the diameter of the outermost surface of the through hole does not enter the through hole, whereas dust smaller than the diameter can pass through the through hole as it is because the internal diameter is increased. This is because the dust that passes through the outermost surface of the through-hole is caught in the small diameter part of the inside of the through hole and the dust is likely to remain as it is. It can be seen that the shape with the maximum diameter functions advantageously in suppressing clogging of dust.
- the inner wall surface of the through hole is roughened from the viewpoint of increasing the friction when sound passes through the through hole (see FIG. 12).
- the surface roughness Ra of the inner wall surface of the through hole is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m to 10.0 ⁇ m, and 0.15 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m. More preferably, it is 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the surface roughness Ra can be measured by measuring the inside of the through hole with an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope).
- AFM Anatomic Force Microscope
- As the AFM for example, SPA300 manufactured by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the cantilever can be measured in a DFM (Dynamic Force Mode) mode using OMCL-AC200TS. Since the surface roughness of the inner wall surface of the through hole is about several microns, it is preferable to use AFM from the viewpoint of having a measurement range and accuracy of several microns.
- FIG. 12 is a SEM photograph taken of a sample of Example 1 described later.
- the average particle diameter of the protrusions by regarding each of the uneven protrusions in the through hole as particles from the SEM image in the through hole.
- an SEM image taken at a magnification of 2000 is taken into Image J, binarized into black and white so that the convex portions become white, and the area of each convex portion is obtained by Analyze Particles.
- the equivalent circle diameter assuming a circle having the same area as each area was obtained for each convex portion, and the average value was calculated as the average particle diameter.
- the photographing range of this SEM image is about 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 100 ⁇ m.
- the particle diameter of Example 1 described later is distributed in the range of about 1 to 3 ⁇ m, and on average is about 2 ⁇ m.
- the average particle size of the convex portions is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 10.0 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.15 ⁇ m or more and 5.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the speed in the through hole was calculated after the calculation by the design simulation corresponding to Example 1.
- the local moving speed of the medium that mediates the sound wave can be determined from the local speed. From this, it was assumed that the particles were vibrating in the penetration direction of the through hole, and the movement distance was obtained. Since the sound vibrates, the distance amplitude is a distance that can move within a half cycle.
- one cycle is 1/2500 seconds, so that half of the time can be in the same direction.
- the maximum movement distance (acoustic movement distance) in the half-cycle of sound waves obtained from the local velocity is 10 ⁇ m at 94 dB and 0.2 ⁇ m at 60 dB. Therefore, since the friction is increased by having the surface roughness about this acoustic movement distance, the above-described range of the surface roughness Ra and the range of the average particle diameter of the convex portions are preferable.
- the average opening diameter of the through holes is 0.1 ⁇ m or more and less than 100 ⁇ m
- the average opening diameter of the through holes when the average opening diameter is phi ( ⁇ m) and the thickness of the plate member is t ( ⁇ m)
- rho_center- (0.085 ⁇ (phi / 20) -2 ) is the lower limit
- the average aperture ratio rho falls within the upper limit range, and a range of (rho_center-0.24 ⁇ (phi / 10) ⁇ 2 ) or more and (rho_center + 0.57 ⁇ (phi / 10) ⁇ 2 ) or less is more preferable,
- the average opening ratio of the through holes is preferably between 0.5% and 1.0%. This point will be described in detail in an embodiment described later.
- the average aperture ratio rho is not a percentage but a ratio (opening area / geometric area).
- the average opening diameter of the plurality of through holes formed in the plate-like member is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- a plate-like member having a fine through-hole used in the soundproof structure of the present invention is arranged on the wall surface or in a visible place, if the through-hole itself is visible, the design is impaired and there is a hole as it looks. It is desirable that the through hole is difficult to see. If through-holes are visible in various places such as a soundproof wall, a sound control wall, a soundproof panel, a sound control panel, and a machine exterior in a room, a problem arises.
- the visibility of one through hole is examined.
- the case where the resolution of the human eye is visual acuity 1 will be discussed.
- the definition of visual acuity 1 is that the arc is broken apart. This indicates that 87 ⁇ m can be resolved at a distance of 30 cm.
- the relationship between distance and resolution in the case of visual acuity 1 is shown in FIG.
- Whether or not the through hole is visible is strongly related to the visual acuity. Whether a gap between two points and / or two lines is visible, as in the case of performing a vision test by recognizing the gap part of the Landolt ring, depends on the resolution.
- a through-hole having an opening diameter smaller than the resolution of the eye is difficult to visually recognize because the distance between the edges of the through-hole cannot be decomposed by the eye.
- the shape of the through hole having an opening diameter larger than the eye resolution can be recognized.
- visual acuity 1 a 100 ⁇ m through hole can be decomposed from a distance of 35 cm, but a 50 ⁇ m through hole cannot be decomposed unless it approaches 18 cm and a 20 ⁇ m through hole to a distance of 7 cm. Therefore, even if it can be visually recognized with a through hole of 100 ⁇ m and is worrisome, it cannot be recognized unless the distance is very close to 1/5 by using the through hole of 20 ⁇ m.
- the opening diameter is about 100 ⁇ m.
- the aperture diameter of several tens of ⁇ m discussed in the present invention is sufficiently larger than the optical wavelength.
- the scattering cross section in visible light substantially matches the geometric cross section, that is, the cross section of the through hole in this case. That is, it can be seen that the magnitude of the visible light scattering is proportional to the square of the radius of the through hole (half the equivalent circle diameter). Therefore, the larger the through hole, the greater the intensity of light scattering as the square of the radius of the through hole. Since the visibility of a single through-hole is proportional to the amount of light scattering, even when the average aperture ratio is the same, it is easier to see when each through-hole is large.
- a light diffraction phenomenon occurs according to the period.
- white light that is transmitted, reflected white light, or broad spectrum light hits the light is diffracted and the color appears to be shifted like a rainbow, or it is strongly reflected at a specific angle.
- the pattern is conspicuous because it looks different.
- a plurality of through holes were periodically formed in the nickel, but when this nickel film was used as a fluorescent lamp, a color spread due to diffracted light was seen.
- the above diffraction phenomenon does not occur when arranged randomly.
- the thickness of a plate-shaped member suitably in order to obtain the natural vibration mode of the structure which consists of the frame member 16 and the plate-shaped member 12 in a desired frequency.
- the sound absorption performance is further improved because the frictional energy received when the sound passes through the through hole increases as the thickness increases.
- the thickness is small from the viewpoints of miniaturization, air permeability, and light transmission.
- etching or the like is used as a method for forming the through hole, the thicker the thickness, the longer it takes to produce the product, and the thinner is desirable from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the thickness of the plate member is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 ⁇ m to 300 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 20 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- a plate-shaped member suitably in order to obtain the natural vibration mode of the structure which consists of a frame member and a plate-shaped member in a desired frequency.
- Various metals such as platinum, palladium, steel, tungsten, lead and iridium; PET (polyethylene terephthalate), TAC (triacetylcellulose), polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polymethylbenten, COP (cycloolefin polymer) ), Resin materials such as polycarbonate, zeonore, PEN (polyethylene naphthalate), polypropylene, and polyimide can be used.
- glass materials such as thin film glass; fiber reinforced plastic materials such as CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics) and GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics) can also be used. Since the soundproof structure of the present invention generates a membrane vibration at the first natural vibration frequency, it is preferable that the plate-like member is difficult to break against vibration. On the other hand, it is preferable to use a material having a high Young's modulus that has a large spring constant and does not greatly increase the displacement of vibration in order to make use of the sound absorption due to friction in fine through holes. From these viewpoints, it is preferable to use a metal material. Among these, it is preferable to use aluminum from the viewpoint of lightness, easy formation of minute through holes by etching, etc., availability, cost, and the like.
- a material that is conductive and non-charged such as a metal material
- fine dust and dust are not attracted to the plate-like member by static electricity, and the plate-like member penetrates. It is possible to suppress the sound absorption performance from being deteriorated due to clogging of the hole with dust and dirt.
- heat resistance can be made high by using a metal material as a material of a plate-shaped member.
- ozone resistance can be made high.
- the metal material since the metal material has a high reflectivity with respect to radiant heat by far infrared rays, the metal material functions as a heat insulating material that prevents heat transfer by radiant heat by using the metal material as the material of the plate-like member. At this time, a plurality of through holes are formed in the plate-like member, but the plate-like member functions as a reflective film because the opening diameter of the through-hole is small. It is known that a structure in which a plurality of fine through holes are opened in a metal functions as a high-pass filter for frequency. For example, a window with a metal mesh of a microwave oven has a property of shielding microwaves used in a microwave oven while allowing visible light having a high frequency to pass therethrough.
- the average opening diameter of the through holes formed in the plate-like member is preferably 20 ⁇ m or less.
- a resin material or glass material that can be made transparent can be used.
- a PET film has a relatively high Young's modulus among resin materials, is easily available, and has high transparency, a through-hole can be formed to provide a suitable soundproof structure.
- the durability of the plate-like member can be improved by appropriately performing surface treatment (plating treatment, oxide film treatment, surface coating (fluorine, ceramic), etc.) according to the material. it can.
- surface treatment plat treatment, oxide film treatment, surface coating (fluorine, ceramic), etc.
- an oxide film can be formed on the surface by performing alumite treatment (anodizing treatment) or boehmite treatment.
- alumite treatment anodizing treatment
- boehmite treatment boehmite treatment.
- the color can be adjusted by optical interference by adjusting the treatment time and adjusting the thickness of the oxide film.
- coloring, decoration, decoration, design, etc. can be given with respect to a plate-shaped member.
- an appropriate method may be selected depending on the material of the plate-like member and the state of the surface treatment. For example, printing using an inkjet method can be used.
- highly durable coloring can be performed by performing a color alumite treatment.
- the color alumite treatment is a treatment in which a dye is infiltrated after the alumite treatment is performed on the surface and then the surface is sealed. Thereby, it can be set as a plate-shaped member with high designability, such as the presence or absence of metallic luster and color.
- the dye since anodized film is formed only on the aluminum portion by performing anodizing after forming the through-hole, the dye covers the through-hole and decorates without reducing sound absorption characteristics. be able to. By combining with the above anodized treatment, various colors and designs can be applied.
- the frame member and the plate-like member may be made of the same material and integrally formed.
- the structure in which the frame member and the plate-like member are integrated is manufactured by a simple process such as compression molding, injection molding, imprint, machining, and a processing method using a three-dimensional shape forming (3D) printer. be able to.
- the aluminum base material used as the plate member is not particularly limited, and for example, a known aluminum base material such as alloy numbers 1085, 1N30, and 3003 described in JIS standard H4000 can be used.
- the aluminum substrate is an alloy plate containing aluminum as a main component and containing a trace amount of foreign elements.
- the thickness of the aluminum substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 10 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
- the manufacturing method of the plate-shaped member having a plurality of through-holes using an aluminum substrate is as follows: A film forming step of forming a film mainly composed of aluminum hydroxide on the surface of the aluminum substrate; A through hole forming step of forming a through hole by performing a through hole forming process after the film forming step; And a film removing step for removing the aluminum hydroxide film after the through-hole forming step.
- a film forming step, the through hole forming step, and the film removing step it is possible to suitably form through holes having an average opening diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less.
- FIGS. 6A to 6E are schematic cross-sectional views showing an example of a preferred embodiment of a method for producing a plate-like member having a plurality of through holes using an aluminum base material.
- a film forming process is performed on one main surface of the aluminum base material 11 to form an aluminum hydroxide film 13.
- a film forming step (FIGS. 6A and 6B) and a through hole forming step of forming a through hole in the aluminum substrate 11 and the aluminum hydroxide film 13 by performing electrolytic dissolution treatment after the film forming step.
- FIG. 6B and FIG. 6C a film removal step
- the average opening diameter is reduced to 0 by performing electrolytic dissolution treatment in the through hole forming process after the film forming process for forming the aluminum hydroxide film.
- Through holes of 1 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less can be formed.
- the film formation process which the manufacturing method of the plate-shaped member which has a some through-hole has a film formation process on the surface of an aluminum base material, and is a process of forming an aluminum hydroxide film.
- the said film formation process is not specifically limited, For example, the process similar to the formation process of a conventionally well-known aluminum hydroxide film can be given.
- the film forming process for example, conditions and apparatuses described in paragraphs ⁇ 0013> to ⁇ 0026> of JP 2011-201123 A can be appropriately employed.
- the conditions for the film formation treatment vary depending on the electrolytic solution used, and thus cannot be determined unconditionally. It is appropriate that the current density is 0.5 to 60 A / dm 2 , the voltage is 1 to 100 V, and the electrolysis time is 1 second to 20 minutes, which are adjusted to obtain a desired coating amount.
- electrochemical treatment is preferably performed using nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, or a mixed acid of two or more of these acids as the electrolytic solution.
- a direct current may be applied between the aluminum substrate and the counter electrode, or an alternating current may be applied.
- direct current is applied to the aluminum substrate, the current density is preferably 1 to 60 A / dm 2 , and more preferably 5 to 50 A / dm 2 .
- the electrochemical treatment is continuously performed, it is preferably performed by a liquid power feeding method in which power is supplied to the aluminum base material through an electrolytic solution.
- the amount of the aluminum hydroxide film formed by the film forming treatment is preferably 0.05 to 50 g / m 2 , more preferably 0.1 to 10 g / m 2 .
- a through-hole formation process is a process of performing an electrolytic dissolution process after a membrane
- the electrolytic dissolution treatment is not particularly limited, and direct current or alternating current can be used, and an acidic solution can be used as the electrolytic solution. Among these, it is preferable to perform electrochemical treatment using at least one acid of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid, and to perform electrochemical treatment using at least one mixed acid of sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid and oxalic acid in addition to these acids. Is more preferable.
- the acidic solution as the electrolytic solution includes, in addition to the above acids, U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,671,859, 4,661,219, 4,618,405, 4,600,482, 4,566,960, 4,566,958, 4,566,959, 4,416,972, 4,374,710 Nos. 4,336,113 and 4,184,932, etc., can also be used.
- the concentration of the acidic solution is preferably from 0.1 to 2.5% by mass, particularly preferably from 0.2 to 2.0% by mass.
- the liquid temperature of the acidic solution is preferably 20 to 80 ° C., more preferably 30 to 60 ° C.
- the aqueous solution mainly composed of the acid is an acid aqueous solution having a concentration of 1 to 100 g / L, a nitrate compound having nitrate ions such as aluminum nitrate, sodium nitrate or ammonium nitrate, or hydrochloric acid such as aluminum chloride, sodium chloride or ammonium chloride.
- a sulfuric acid compound having a sulfate ion such as a hydrochloric acid compound having an ion, aluminum sulfate, sodium sulfate, or ammonium sulfate can be added and used in a range from 1 g / L to saturation.
- the metal contained in aluminum alloys such as iron, copper, manganese, nickel, titanium, magnesium, a silica, may melt
- a direct current is mainly used, but when an alternating current is used, the alternating current power wave is not particularly limited, and a sine wave, a rectangular wave, a trapezoidal wave, a triangular wave, etc. are used. Among these, a rectangular wave or a trapezoidal wave is preferable, and a trapezoidal wave is particularly preferable.
- an average opening diameter of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less can be easily obtained by an electrochemical dissolution process (hereinafter also referred to as “nitric acid dissolution process”) using an electrolytic solution mainly composed of nitric acid. Holes can be formed.
- the nitric acid dissolution treatment uses direct current, the average current density is 5 A / dm 2 or more, and the amount of electricity is 50 C / dm 2 or more because it is easy to control the dissolution point of through-hole formation. It is preferable that the electrolytic treatment is performed in step (b).
- the average current density is preferably 100 A / dm 2 or less, and the quantity of electricity is preferably 10,000 C / dm 2 or less.
- concentration and temperature of the electrolytic solution in nitric acid electrolysis are not particularly limited, and electrolysis is performed at a high concentration, for example, 30 to 60 ° C. using a nitric acid electrolytic solution having a nitric acid concentration of 15 to 35% by mass, or a nitric acid concentration of 0. Electrolysis can be performed at a high temperature, for example, 80 ° C. or higher, using a 7 to 2 mass% nitric acid electrolyte. Further, electrolysis can be performed using an electrolytic solution obtained by mixing at least one of sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, and phosphoric acid having a concentration of 0.1 to 50% by mass with the nitric acid electrolytic solution.
- through-holes having an average opening diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less can be easily obtained by electrochemical dissolution treatment (hereinafter, also referred to as “hydrochloric acid dissolution treatment”) using an electrolytic solution mainly composed of hydrochloric acid.
- electrochemical dissolution treatment hereinafter, also referred to as “hydrochloric acid dissolution treatment”
- the hydrochloric acid dissolution treatment uses direct current, the average current density is 5 A / dm 2 or more, and the amount of electricity is 50 C / dm 2 or more because it is easy to control the dissolution point of through-hole formation. It is preferable that the electrolytic treatment is performed in step (b).
- the average current density is preferably 100 A / dm 2 or less, and the quantity of electricity is preferably 10,000 C / dm 2 or less.
- concentration and temperature of the electrolytic solution in hydrochloric acid electrolysis are not particularly limited, and electrolysis is performed at 30 to 60 ° C. using a hydrochloric acid electrolytic solution having a high concentration, for example, a hydrochloric acid concentration of 10 to 35% by mass, or a hydrochloric acid concentration of 0. Electrolysis can be performed at a high temperature, for example, 80 ° C. or higher, using a 7-2 mass% hydrochloric acid electrolyte. Further, electrolysis can be performed using an electrolytic solution obtained by mixing at least one of sulfuric acid, oxalic acid, and phosphoric acid having a concentration of 0.1 to 50% by mass with the hydrochloric acid electrolytic solution.
- the film removal step is a step of removing the aluminum hydroxide film by performing chemical dissolution treatment.
- the said film removal process can remove an aluminum hydroxide film
- the dissolution treatment is a treatment for dissolving the aluminum hydroxide film using a solution that preferentially dissolves aluminum hydroxide over aluminum (hereinafter referred to as “aluminum hydroxide solution”).
- the aluminum hydroxide solution for example, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, chromium compound, zirconium compound, titanium compound, lithium salt, cerium salt, magnesium salt, sodium silicofluoride, fluoride
- An aqueous solution containing at least one selected from the group consisting of zinc, manganese compounds, molybdenum compounds, magnesium compounds, barium compounds and halogens is preferred.
- examples of the chromium compound include chromium (III) oxide and anhydrous chromium (VI) acid.
- examples of the zirconium-based compound include zircon ammonium fluoride, zirconium fluoride, and zirconium chloride.
- examples of the titanium compound include titanium oxide and titanium sulfide.
- examples of the lithium salt include lithium fluoride and lithium chloride.
- examples of the cerium salt include cerium fluoride and cerium chloride.
- examples of the magnesium salt include magnesium sulfide.
- Examples of the manganese compound include sodium permanganate and calcium permanganate.
- Examples of the molybdenum compound include sodium molybdate.
- magnesium compounds include magnesium fluoride pentahydrate.
- barium compounds include barium oxide, barium acetate, barium carbonate, barium chlorate, barium chloride, barium fluoride, barium iodide, barium lactate, barium oxalate, barium perchlorate, barium selenate, selenite.
- Examples thereof include barium, barium stearate, barium sulfite, barium titanate, barium hydroxide, barium nitrate, and hydrates thereof.
- barium oxide, barium acetate, and barium carbonate are preferable, and barium oxide is particularly preferable.
- halogen alone include chlorine, fluorine, and bromine.
- the aluminum hydroxide solution is preferably an aqueous solution containing an acid.
- the acid include nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic acid, and the like. Good.
- the acid concentration is preferably 0.01 mol / L or more, more preferably 0.05 mol / L or more, and still more preferably 0.1 mol / L or more. There is no particular upper limit, but generally it is preferably 10 mol / L or less, more preferably 5 mol / L or less.
- the dissolution treatment is performed by bringing the aluminum base material on which the aluminum hydroxide film is formed into contact with the above-described solution.
- the method of making it contact is not specifically limited, For example, the immersion method and the spray method are mentioned. Of these, the dipping method is preferred.
- the dipping method is a treatment in which an aluminum base material on which an aluminum hydroxide film is formed is dipped in the above-described solution. Stirring during the dipping process is preferable because a uniform process is performed.
- the immersion treatment time is preferably 10 minutes or more, more preferably 1 hour or more, and further preferably 3 hours or more and 5 hours or more.
- the alkali etching treatment is a treatment for dissolving the surface layer by bringing the aluminum hydroxide film into contact with an alkali solution.
- Examples of the alkali used in the alkaline solution include caustic alkali and alkali metal salts.
- examples of the caustic alkali include sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and caustic potash.
- Examples of the alkali metal salt include alkali metal silicates such as sodium metasilicate, sodium silicate, potassium metasilicate, and potassium silicate; alkali metal carbonates such as sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate; Sodium carbonate and alkali metal aluminates such as potassium aluminate; Sodium gluconate and alkali metal aldones such as potassium gluconate; Dibasic sodium phosphate, dibasic potassium phosphate, tribasic sodium phosphate And alkali metal hydrogen phosphates such as potassium triphosphate.
- a caustic alkali solution and a solution containing both a caustic alkali and an alkali metal aluminate are preferable from the viewpoint of high etching rate and low cost.
- an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide is preferred.
- the concentration of the alkaline solution is preferably from 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably from 0.2 to 10% by mass.
- the concentration of aluminum ions is preferably 0.01 to 10% by mass, and more preferably 0.1 to 3% by mass.
- the temperature of the alkaline solution is preferably 10 to 90 ° C.
- the treatment time is preferably 1 to 120 seconds.
- Examples of the method for bringing the aluminum hydroxide film into contact with the alkaline solution include, for example, a method in which an aluminum base material on which an aluminum hydroxide film is formed is passed through a tank containing an alkali solution, and an aluminum on which an aluminum hydroxide film is formed. Examples include a method of immersing the base material in a tank containing an alkaline solution, and a method of spraying the alkaline solution onto the surface of the aluminum base material (aluminum hydroxide film) on which the aluminum hydroxide film is formed.
- the optional roughening treatment step that the method for producing a plate-like member having a plurality of through-holes may have an electrochemical roughened surface with respect to the aluminum substrate from which the aluminum hydroxide film has been removed. It is a step of performing a roughening treatment (hereinafter also abbreviated as “electrolytic roughening treatment”) to roughen the surface or back surface of the aluminum substrate.
- a roughening treatment hereinafter also abbreviated as “electrolytic roughening treatment”
- the roughening process is performed after the through hole is formed.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the through hole may be formed after the roughening process.
- the surface can be easily roughened by an electrochemical surface roughening treatment (hereinafter also referred to as “nitric acid electrolysis”) using an electrolytic solution mainly composed of nitric acid.
- nitric acid electrolysis an electrochemical surface roughening treatment
- hydrochloric acid electrolysis an electrochemical surface roughening treatment using an electrolytic solution mainly composed of hydrochloric acid.
- the method for producing a plate-shaped member having a plurality of through holes is described above because the average opening diameter of the through holes formed by the above-described electrolytic dissolution treatment can be adjusted to a small range of about 0.1 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m. It is preferable to have a metal coating step of coating a part or all of the surface of the aluminum base material including at least the inner wall of the through hole with a metal other than aluminum after the film removal step.
- “at least part or all of the surface of the aluminum substrate including the inner wall of the through hole is coated with a metal other than aluminum” means that at least the entire surface of the aluminum substrate including the inner wall of the through hole is penetrated. This means that the inner wall of the hole is covered, and the surface other than the inner wall may not be covered, or may be partially or entirely covered.
- a substitution treatment and a plating treatment described later are performed on an aluminum base material having a through hole.
- the replacement treatment is a treatment in which zinc or a zinc alloy is subjected to replacement plating on a part or all of the surface of the aluminum substrate including at least the inner wall of the through hole.
- the displacement plating solution include a mixed solution of 120 g / L of sodium hydroxide, 20 g / L of zinc oxide, 2 g / L of crystalline ferric chloride, 50 g / L of Rossell salt, and 1 g / L of sodium nitrate.
- Commercially available Zn or Zn alloy plating solution may also be used.
- Substar Zn-1, Zn-2, Zn-3, Zn-8, Zn-10, Zn-111 manufactured by Okuno Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Zn-222, Zn-291, etc. can be used.
- the immersion time of the aluminum substrate in such a displacement plating solution is preferably 15 to 40 seconds, and the immersion temperature is preferably 20 to 50 ° C.
- ⁇ Plating treatment> When the zinc film is formed by replacing the surface of the aluminum base material with zinc or a zinc alloy by the above-described replacement treatment, for example, the zinc film is replaced with nickel by electroless plating described later, and then described later. It is preferable to perform a plating treatment for depositing various metals by electrolytic plating.
- the nickel plating solution used for the electroless plating treatment As the nickel plating solution used for the electroless plating treatment, commercially available products can be widely used. Examples thereof include an aqueous solution containing nickel sulfate 30 g / L, sodium hypophosphite 20 g / L, and ammonium citrate 50 g / L. Examples of the nickel alloy plating solution include a Ni—P alloy plating solution in which a phosphorus compound is a reducing agent and a Ni—B plating solution in which a boron compound is a reducing agent.
- the immersion time in such a nickel plating solution or nickel alloy plating solution is preferably 15 seconds to 10 minutes, and the immersion temperature is preferably 30 ° C. to 90 ° C.
- a plating solution for electroplating Cu includes, for example, Cu 60 to 110 g / L, sulfuric acid 160 to 200 g / L and hydrochloric acid 0.1 to 0.15 mL / L to pure water. Furthermore, Top Lucina SF Base WR 1.5 to 5.0 mL / L, Top Lucina SF-B 0.5 to 2.0 mL / L and Top Lucina SF Leveler 3.0 to 10 mL / L were added as additives. A plating solution may be mentioned.
- the immersion time in such a copper plating solution is not particularly limited because it depends on the thickness of the Cu film, but for example, when a 2 ⁇ m Cu film is applied, it is preferable to immerse for about 5 minutes at a current density of 2 A / dm,
- the immersion temperature is preferably 20 ° C. to 30 ° C.
- washing treatment it is preferable to carry out water washing after completion of the above-described processes.
- pure water, well water, tap water, or the like can be used.
- a nip device may be used to prevent the processing liquid from being brought into the next process.
- the plate-like member having such a through-hole may be manufactured using a cut sheet-like aluminum base material, or may be performed roll-to-roll (hereinafter also referred to as RtoR). Good.
- RtoR is a process in which a raw material is drawn out from a roll formed by winding a long raw material and conveyed in the longitudinal direction, and various treatments such as surface treatment are performed. It is a manufacturing method wound in a roll shape.
- the manufacturing method for forming a through hole in an aluminum base as described above can easily and efficiently form a through hole of about 20 ⁇ m by RtoR.
- the formation method of a through-hole is not limited to the method mentioned above, What is necessary is just to perform by a well-known method according to the formation material of a plate-shaped member.
- the through hole is formed by a processing method that absorbs energy such as laser processing, or a mechanical processing method by physical contact such as punching or needle processing. Can do.
- one configuration in which the plate-like member 12 in which the plurality of through holes 14 are formed is fixed to the frame member 16 is the soundproof structure 10.
- two or more configurations including the plate member 12 and the frame member 16 may be arranged in the thickness direction of the plate member. That is, two or more soundproof structures 10 of the present invention may be arranged in the thickness direction to form a soundproof structure.
- the frame members When arranging two or more soundproof structures in the thickness direction, the frame members may be integrated. For example, when two plate-like members 12 are arranged in the thickness direction, one plate-like member 12 is fixed to one end surface of one frame member 16 and another one is attached to the other end surface of the frame member 16. The two plate-like members 12 may be fixed.
- the sound absorption mechanism in the present invention is conversion to heat energy by friction when sound passes through the through hole. Therefore, the sound absorption performance increases as the local velocity of the air passing through the through hole increases. Therefore, in the case of a configuration in which two or more plate-like members 12 are arranged, it is preferable that the plate-like members 12 are arranged apart from each other.
- the typical wavelength is preferably smaller than the length of the sound wavelength of 3400 Hz being 100 mm, and more preferably smaller than the length of the sound wavelength of 10,000 Hz being 34 mm.
- the distance between the plate members 12 is preferably 5 mm or more and 100 mm or less from the viewpoint of suitably suppressing a decrease in local speed when passing through the through hole 14 of the plate member 12 in the subsequent stage. Is more preferable.
- a plurality of unit soundproofing structures are arranged in the surface direction of the plate-like member according to the soundproof object. Also good. That is, a soundproof structure having a plurality of unit soundproof structures may be used as a soundproof structure composed of a frame member and a plate-like member having one opening as shown in FIG.
- a soundproof structure 40 shown in FIG. 8 includes a plate-like member 12 having a plurality of through holes 14 and a frame member 14 having an opening and fixing the plate-like member 12 to the peripheral edge of the opening.
- 10 is a unit soundproof structure 10, and four unit soundproof structures 10 are arranged in the plane direction.
- the plurality of unit soundproof frame members may be formed integrally.
- a single plate-like member 12b as shown in FIG. 9A is covered with a frame member 14b having four openings as shown in FIG. 9B, and the four openings are covered.
- the soundproof structure 40 provided with four unit soundproof structures as shown to FIG. 9C and FIG. 9D by fixing in this way. That is, the plurality of plate-like members may be configured by a single sheet-like plate-like member that covers the plurality of frame members.
- the soundproof structure 40 having a plurality of unit soundproof structures, as in the case of the single soundproof structure 10, for example, as shown in FIG. 10A or FIG. Then, the sound generated from the noise source 52 is absorbed. At this time, as shown in FIG. 10A, the soundproof structure 40 may not completely cover the open end of the pipe 50, and the soundproof structure 40 completely covers the open end of the pipe 50 as shown in FIG. 10B. It may be.
- the number of unit soundproof structures is not limited.
- the number of unit soundproof structures is preferably 1 to 10000, more preferably 2 to 5000, and more preferably 4 to 1000 in the case of noise shielding (reflection and / or absorption) in equipment. Most preferably it is.
- the size of a device is determined with respect to the size of a general device, in order to make the size of one soundproof structure suitable for the frequency and volume of noise, a plurality of soundproof structures are used. This is because it is often necessary to shield in combination, and on the other hand, if the number of soundproofing structures is excessively increased, the total weight of the equipment may increase by the weight of the entire soundproofing structure. On the other hand, in a structure such as a partition with no size restriction, the number of soundproof structures can be freely selected according to the overall size required.
- the soundproofing member having the soundproofing structure of the present invention is used as a building material or a soundproofing material in equipment, it is required to be flame retardant.
- the plate-like member is preferably flame retardant.
- Lumirror registered trademark non-halogen flame retardant type ZV series (made by Toray Industries, Inc.), which is a flame retardant PET film, Teijin Tetron (registered trademark) UF (Teijin Limited) And / or Dialramy (registered trademark) (manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics, Inc.), which is a flame-retardant polyester film.
- flame retardancy can also be imparted by using a metal material such as aluminum.
- the frame member is also preferably a flame retardant material, such as a metal such as aluminum, an inorganic material such as a semi-rack, a glass material, a flame retardant polycarbonate (for example, PCMUPY610 (manufactured by Takiron Corporation)), and / or And flame retardant plastics such as Acrylite (registered trademark) FR1 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.).
- a flame retardant material such as a metal such as aluminum, an inorganic material such as a semi-rack, a glass material, a flame retardant polycarbonate (for example, PCMUPY610 (manufactured by Takiron Corporation)), and / or And flame retardant plastics such as Acrylite (registered trademark) FR1 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.).
- the method of fixing the plate member to the frame member is also a flame retardant adhesive (ThreeBond 1537 series (manufactured by ThreeB
- the material constituting the structural member is preferably heat resistant, particularly low heat shrinkable.
- the plate-shaped member is, for example, Teijin Tetron (registered trademark) film SLA (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Ltd.), PEN film Teonex (registered trademark) (manufactured by Teijin DuPont Films Ltd.), and / or Lumirror (registered trademark) off-annealing low It is preferable to use a contraction type (Toray Industries, Inc.).
- the frame member is made of a heat-resistant plastic such as polyimide resin (TECASINT 4111 (manufactured by Enzinger Japan)) and / or glass fiber reinforced resin (TECAPEEK GF30 (manufactured by Enzinger Japan)), and It is preferable to use a metal such as aluminum or an inorganic material such as ceramic or a glass material.
- TECASINT 4111 manufactured by Enzinger Japan
- TECAPEEK GF30 glass fiber reinforced resin
- the adhesive is also a heat-resistant adhesive (TB3732 (manufactured by ThreeBond Co., Ltd.), a super heat-resistant one-component shrinkable RTV silicone adhesive sealant (manufactured by Momentive Performance Materials Japan GK), and / or a heat-resistant inorganic adhesive. It is preferable to use the agent Aron Ceramic (registered trademark) (manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.). When applying these adhesives to a plate-like member or a frame member, it is preferable that the amount of expansion and contraction can be reduced by setting the thickness to 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the plate-like member may be a special polyolefin film (Art Ply (registered trademark) (manufactured by Mitsubishi Plastics)), an acrylic resin film (Acryprene (manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd.)), and / or a Scotch film (trademark) ( It is preferable to use a weather-resistant film such as 3M).
- the frame member is preferably made of a plastic having high weather resistance such as polyvinyl chloride or polymethyl methacryl (acrylic), a metal such as aluminum, an inorganic material such as ceramic, and / or a glass material. Furthermore, it is preferable to use an adhesive having high weather resistance such as epoxy resin and / or Dreiflex (manufactured by Repair Care International). As for the moisture resistance, it is preferable to appropriately select a plate member, a frame member, and an adhesive having high moisture resistance. It is preferable to select an appropriate plate member, frame member, and adhesive as appropriate in terms of water absorption and chemical resistance.
- a fluororesin film (Dynock Film (trademark) (manufactured by 3M)) and / or a hydrophilic film (Miraclean (manufactured by Lifeguard Co., Ltd.), RIVEX (manufactured by Riken Technos Co., Ltd.), and / or SH2CLHF (3M Company).
- the adhesion of dust can also be suppressed by using the production)).
- the use of a photocatalytic film (Lacrine (manufactured by Kimoto Co., Ltd.)) can also prevent the plate-like member from being soiled. The same effect can be obtained by applying the spray having conductivity, hydrophilicity, and / or photocatalytic property and / or spray containing a fluorine compound to the plate member.
- a cover on the plate-like member.
- a thin film material such as Saran Wrap (registered trademark)
- Saran Wrap registered trademark
- a mesh having a mesh size that does not allow dust to pass through a nonwoven fabric, urethane, an airgel, a porous film, or the like can be used.
- the cover 32 is disposed on the plate-like member 12 so as to cover the plate-like member at a predetermined distance from each other. It is possible to prevent wind or dust from directly hitting the member 12.
- the cover is preferably at least partially fixed to the frame.
- a cover having a gap such as a mesh of a large mesh may be arranged by being directly attached to the plate member using a spray glue or the like. Thereby, it becomes difficult to tear a plate-shaped member.
- the dust can be removed by emitting a sound having a resonance frequency of the plate-like member and strongly vibrating the plate-like member. The same effect can be obtained by using a blower or wiping.
- Wind pressure When the strong wind hits the plate-like member, the plate-like member is pushed, and the resonance frequency may change. Therefore, the influence of wind can be suppressed by covering the plate-like member with a nonwoven fabric, urethane, and / or a film. As in the case of the above-described dust, a cover 32 is provided on the plate-like member 12 as in the soundproof members 30a and 30b shown in FIGS. Thus, it is preferable to arrange.
- the structure comprised by the one continuous frame body may be sufficient as several frame members.
- the structure which has two or more unit soundproofing structures with one frame member and one plate-shaped member attached to it may be sufficient. That is, the soundproofing member having the soundproofing structure of the present invention does not necessarily need to be constituted by one continuous frame body, and is a soundproofing cell having a frame structure and a plate-like member attached thereto as a unit unit cell. It is also possible to use such unit unit cells independently or to connect a plurality of unit unit cells.
- a magic tape registered trademark
- a magnet a magnet
- a button a suction cup
- the frame body part may be combined. It is also possible to connect a plurality of unit unit cells.
- a desorption mechanism comprising a magnetic material, Velcro (registered trademark), button, sucker, etc. is attached to the soundproof member. It is preferable.
- the attachment / detachment mechanism 36 is attached to the bottom surface of the frame member 16 outside the frame of the soundproof member 30c, and the attachment / detachment mechanism 36 attached to the soundproof member 30c is attached to the wall 38 to The member 30c may be attached to the wall 38, or, as shown in FIG. 30, the detaching mechanism 36 attached to the soundproof member 30c is removed from the wall 38, and the soundproof member 30c is detached from the wall 38. Also good.
- the soundproofing cells 31a, 31b and 31c as shown in FIG. are preferably attached to each soundproof cell 31 a, 31 b, and 31 c with a detaching mechanism 41 such as a magnetic material, Velcro (registered trademark), button, and sucker.
- a detaching mechanism 41 such as a magnetic material, Velcro (registered trademark), button, and sucker.
- FIG. 32 for example, as shown in FIG. 32, the soundproof cell 31d is provided with a convex portion 42a, and the soundproof cell 31e is provided with a concave portion 42b. The soundproof cell 31d and the soundproof cell 31e may be detached.
- one soundproof cell may be provided with both convex portions and concave portions. Furthermore, the soundproof cell may be attached and detached by combining the above-described detaching mechanism 41 shown in FIG. 31 and the concavo-convex portion, the convex portion 42a and the concave portion 42b shown in FIG.
- the rigidity of the frame member can be secured and the weight can be reduced by changing or combining the height of the frame member depending on the position in the surface direction.
- FIG. 38 which is a cross-sectional schematic view of the soundproof member 53 shown in FIG.
- the outer and central frame members 58a of the plurality of frame members 56 of 54 are thicker than the other frame members 58b.
- FIG. 38 As shown in FIG.
- the frame members 58a at both outer sides and the center of the frame body 58 are similarly formed in the direction orthogonal to each other.
- the thickness is set to be twice or more thicker than the frame material 58b of other portions. By doing so, it is possible to achieve both high rigidity and light weight. 27 to 39 described above, illustration of through holes formed in each plate-like member 12 is omitted.
- the soundproof structure of the present invention is not limited to those used in various devices such as the above-mentioned industrial devices, transportation devices, and general household devices, and is a fixed partition that is arranged in a room of a building and partitions the room. It can also be used for a fixed wall such as a structure (partition), or a movable wall such as a movable partition structure (partition) that is arranged in a room of a building and partitions the room.
- a partition a fixed wall
- a movable wall such as a movable partition structure (partition) that is arranged in a room of a building and partitions the room.
- the soundproof structure of the present invention as a partition, sound can be suitably shielded between the partitioned spaces.
- the thin and light structure of the present invention is advantageous because it is easy to carry.
- the soundproof structure of the present invention has light permeability and air permeability, it can be suitably used as a window member. Or it can also be used as a cage surrounding equipment that becomes a noise source, for example, an air conditioner outdoor unit, a water heater, etc., for noise prevention. By surrounding the noise source with this member, it is possible to absorb noise and prevent noise while ensuring heat dissipation and air permeability.
- a pet cage having a light weight and an acoustic absorption effect can be obtained. By using this cage, the pet in the cage can be protected from outside noise, and the squealing of the pet in the cage can be prevented from leaking outside.
- the soundproof structure of the present invention can be used as the following soundproof member.
- Soundproof material for building materials Soundproof material used for building materials
- Sound-proofing material for air-conditioning equipment Sound-proofing material installed in ventilation openings, air-conditioning ducts, etc.
- Soundproof member for external opening Soundproof member installed in the window of the room to prevent noise from inside or outside the room
- Soundproof member for ceiling Soundproof member that is installed on the ceiling in the room and controls the sound in the room
- Soundproof member for floor Soundproof member that is installed on the floor and controls the sound in the room
- Soundproof member for internal openings Soundproof member installed at indoor doors and bran parts to prevent noise from each room
- Soundproof material for toilets Installed in the toilet or door (indoor / outdoor), to prevent noise from the toilet
- Soundproof material for balcony Soundproof material installed on the balcony to prevent noise from your own balcony or the adjacent balcony
- Indoor sound-adjusting member Sound-proofing member for controlling the sound of the room
- Simple soundproof room material Soundproof material that can be easily assembled and moved easily.
- Soundproof room members for pets Soundproof members that surround pet rooms and prevent noise
- Amusement facilities Game center, sports center, concert hall, soundproofing materials installed in movie theaters
- Soundproof member for temporary enclosure for construction site Soundproof member to prevent noise leakage around the construction site
- Soundproof member for tunnel Soundproof member that is installed in a tunnel and prevents noise leaking inside and outside the tunnel can be mentioned.
- Example 1 ⁇ Preparation of plate-like member having a plurality of through holes> The following treatment was applied to the surface of an aluminum base (JIS H-4160, alloy number: 1N30-H, aluminum purity: 99.30%) having an average thickness of 20 ⁇ m and a size of 210 mm ⁇ 297 mm (A4 size), A plate-like member having a plurality of through holes was produced.
- an aluminum base JIS H-4160, alloy number: 1N30-H, aluminum purity: 99.30%
- A1 Aluminum hydroxide film formation treatment (film formation process) Using an electrolytic solution kept at 50 ° C. (nitric acid concentration 10 g / L, sulfuric acid concentration 6 g / L, aluminum concentration 4.5 g / L, flow rate 0.3 m / s), the above aluminum base material as a cathode, and the total amount of electricity was subjected to electrolytic treatment for 20 seconds under the condition of 1000 C / dm 2 to form an aluminum hydroxide film on the aluminum substrate.
- the electrolytic treatment was performed with a DC power source. Current density was 50A / dm 2. After the aluminum hydroxide film was formed, it was washed with water by spraying.
- Electrolytic dissolution treatment (through hole forming step) Next, using an electrolytic solution maintained at 50 ° C. (nitric acid concentration 10 g / L, sulfuric acid concentration 6 g / L, aluminum concentration 4.5 g / L, flow rate 0.3 m / s), an aluminum substrate as an anode, Electrolytic treatment was performed for 24 seconds under conditions of a total of 600 C / dm 2 to form through holes in the aluminum substrate and the aluminum hydroxide film. The electrolytic treatment was performed with a DC power source. Current density was 25A / dm 2. After formation of the through hole, it was washed with water by spraying and dried.
- the surface shape of the inner wall surface of the through-hole of the produced plate-shaped member was measured using AFM (SPA300 by Hitachi High-Tech Science Co., Ltd.).
- the cantilever was OMCL-AC200TS and measured in DFM (Dynamic Force Mode) mode.
- the results are shown in FIG.
- FIG. 11 and 12 what took the SEM photograph of the inner wall surface of a through-hole is shown in FIG. 11 and 12 that the inner wall surface of the through hole is roughened.
- Ra was 0.18 ( ⁇ m).
- the specific surface area in this case was 49.6%.
- the absorptance of the sample was also accurately measured by measuring the transmittance and the reflectance at the same time and obtaining the absorptance as 1 ⁇ (transmittance + reflectance). Sound transmission loss was measured in the range of 100 Hz to 4000 Hz.
- the inner diameter of the acoustic tube is 40 mm, and can be measured sufficiently up to 4000 Hz or higher.
- Table 3 shows the average opening diameter, average opening ratio, and opening size (referred to as “opening size” in Table 2), the first natural vibration frequency, the absorption rate at the first natural vibration frequency, and the low frequency.
- opening size As a representative value, an absorptance at 200 Hz and an average absorptance below the first natural vibration frequency are shown.
- the average absorption rate below the first natural vibration frequency is an average value of the absorption rate from 200 Hz to the first natural vibration frequency.
- Table 2 also shows the results of Examples 2 to 9 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 described later.
- the first natural vibration frequency at which the transmittance is maximized is 450 Hz, and the absorptance is minimized at the first natural vibration frequency. It can also be seen that the absorptance increases on the low frequency side from the first natural vibration frequency and reaches 59.5% at a frequency of 200 Hz. It can also be seen that the absorption rate continues to be as high as 40% or higher even on the higher frequency side than the first natural vibration frequency. Furthermore, it became clear that there was almost no sound reflection below the first natural vibration frequency, and almost all of the acoustic energy was distributed between absorption and transmission.
- Example 2 and 3 A soundproof structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the opening of the frame member was 20 mm and 15 mm, respectively. About each produced soundproof structure, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the acoustic characteristic. The measurement result of Example 2 is shown in FIG. 14, and the measurement result of Example 3 is shown in FIG. Table 2 also shows the average opening diameter, average opening ratio, and opening size, and the first natural vibration frequency, the absorption coefficient at the first natural vibration frequency, the absorption coefficient at 200 Hz as the representative value of the low frequency, and the first specific characteristic. Indicates the average absorption rate below the vibration frequency.
- Example 2 and Example 3 each have a first natural vibration frequency at which the transmittance is a maximum, and the absorptance is minimum at the first natural vibration frequency. It can also be seen that the absorptance increases on the low frequency side on the lower frequency side than the first natural vibration frequency. Further, it can be seen from the comparison between Examples 1 to 3 that the first natural vibration frequency appears on the high frequency side as the size of the opening of the frame member becomes smaller.
- Examples 4 to 6 With reference to International Publication WO2016 / 060037 and International Publication WO2016 / 017380, a plate-like member having through holes with an average opening diameter of 51 ⁇ m and an average opening ratio of 18.7% produced by changing the conditions was used. Except for the above, soundproof structures were produced in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3, respectively. About each produced soundproof structure, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the acoustic characteristic. The measurement results of the sound absorption coefficient are shown in FIG. Table 2 also shows the average opening diameter, average opening ratio, and opening size, and the first natural vibration frequency, the absorption coefficient at the first natural vibration frequency, the absorption coefficient at 200 Hz as the representative value of the low frequency, and the first specific characteristic. Indicates the average absorption rate below the vibration frequency.
- FIG. 16 and Table 2 show that the absorptance increases on the low frequency side from the first natural vibration frequency on the low frequency side. Further, it can be seen from the comparison of Examples 4 to 6 that the first natural vibration frequency appears on the higher frequency side as the size of the opening of the frame member becomes smaller.
- Examples 7 to 9 With reference to International Publication WO2016 / 060037 and International Publication WO2016 / 017380, a plate-like member having through-holes having an average opening diameter of 28 ⁇ m and an average opening ratio of 11.9% was used. Except for the above, soundproof structures were produced in the same manner as in Examples 1 to 3, respectively. About each produced soundproof structure, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the acoustic characteristic. The measurement results of the sound absorption coefficient are shown in FIG. Table 2 also shows the average opening diameter, average opening ratio, and opening size, and the first natural vibration frequency, the absorption coefficient at the first natural vibration frequency, the absorption coefficient at 200 Hz as the representative value of the low frequency, and the first specific characteristic. Indicates the average absorption rate below the vibration frequency.
- FIG. 17 and Table 2 show that the absorptance increases on the low frequency side from the first natural vibration frequency on the low frequency side. Further, it can be seen from the comparison between Examples 7 to 9 that the first natural vibration frequency appears on the higher frequency side as the size of the opening of the frame member becomes smaller.
- Example 10 Two soundproof structures of Example 1 were arranged in the thickness direction so that the distance between the plate-like members was 10 mm, thereby producing a soundproof structure. About each produced soundproof structure, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the acoustic characteristic. The measurement results of the sound absorption coefficient are shown in FIG. It can be seen from FIG. 18 that the absorption rate is improved as compared with the case of one soundproof structure.
- Example 1 A soundproof structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that a 20 ⁇ m thick aluminum base material without through holes was used as the plate member. About each produced soundproof structure, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the acoustic characteristic. The measurement results of the sound absorption coefficient and transmittance are shown in FIG. Table 2 shows the size of the opening, the first natural vibration frequency, the absorption rate at the first natural vibration frequency, the absorption rate at 200 Hz as a representative value of the low frequency, and the average absorption rate below the first natural vibration frequency. Show.
- the absorption is mainly caused by the membrane vibration of the plate-like member.
- the plate member resonates and vibrates efficiently at the first natural vibration frequency at which the transmittance is maximized. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 19, in Comparative Example 1, the absorptance is also maximized at the first natural vibration frequency. At other frequencies, the absorptivity becomes smaller than the absorptivity at the first natural vibration frequency. Therefore, as shown in Table 2, the absorptance at the frequency of 200 Hz and the average absorptance below the first natural vibration frequency are smaller than the absorptance at the first natural vibration frequency.
- Comparative Example 1 has a small absorption rate even at the first natural vibration frequency and a large difference in the absorption rate on the low frequency side. Also, there is a difference in the absorption rate on the high frequency side, and it can be seen that Example 3 having a minute through hole functions as a broadband sound absorption. Further, comparing Comparative Example 1 and Example 3, in Example 3, there is no significant difference in the first natural vibration frequency in spite of the presence of through holes having an average aperture ratio of 5.3%. I understand that. Therefore, as a design, the first natural vibration frequency is determined according to the desired performance, and the material and thickness of the plate member alone and the size of the frame member (the size of the opening) according to the first natural vibration frequency. ) And the like, and a simple design of using a plate-like member having a through hole in an actual experiment can be performed.
- Example 2 A soundproof structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that a 20 ⁇ m thick aluminum base material having a 4 mm diameter through hole formed in the center as a plate member was used.
- the ratio (opening ratio) of the area of the through hole to the opening area of the frame member is 5.6%, which is an opening ratio very close to that of Example 3.
- Table 2 The measurement results of the sound absorption coefficient and transmittance are shown in FIG. Table 2 also shows the average opening diameter, average opening ratio, and opening size, and the first natural vibration frequency, the absorption coefficient at the first natural vibration frequency, the absorption coefficient at 200 Hz as the representative value of the low frequency, and the first specific characteristic. Indicates the average absorption rate below the vibration frequency.
- the absorptance becomes a maximum near the first natural vibration frequency that is the maximum value of the transmittance, and the absorptance becomes smaller on the lower frequency side. Therefore, as shown in Table 2, the average absorption rate on the low frequency side is smaller than the absorption rate at the first natural vibration frequency. From this result, it can be seen that it is difficult to obtain a broadband absorption rate with a large through hole, and the characteristics are different from those of the soundproof structure of the present invention in which many fine through holes are formed.
- the aluminum base material was used as a material of a plate-shaped member, even when using materials other than aluminum as a material of a plate-shaped member from the sound absorption mechanism of the soundproof structure of this invention, it is the same. It is clear that the effect is obtained.
- a PET film is used as another material for the plate-like member
- a soundproof structure is prepared using a film in which through holes are formed on a PET film, and the absorption rate is measured in the same manner, the same effect is obtained. It was confirmed that it was obtained.
- Example 11 the production conditions of the plate member were changed to obtain a plate member having through holes with an average opening diameter of 46.5 ⁇ m and an average opening ratio of 7.3%, and the size of the opening of the frame member was 50 mm ⁇
- a soundproof structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the height was 50 mm and the height was 5 mm.
- Example 12 as shown in FIG. 41, a soundproof structure was produced in the same manner as Example 11 except that a sound absorbing material was arranged in the opening.
- a sound absorbing material soft urethane foam U0016 manufactured by Fuji Rubber Sangyo Co., Ltd. was used.
- the size of the sound absorbing material was set to 50 mm ⁇ 50 mm ⁇ 20 mm in accordance with the size of the opening, and the sound absorbing material was disposed so as to be 2 mm apart from the plate member.
- the sound absorbing material is disposed so as to protrude from the frame member.
- Comparative Example 3 a soundproof structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 except that no plate-like member was provided. About each produced soundproof structure, the absorptivity was measured like Example 1 except the internal diameter of the acoustic tube having been 80 mm. The measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the first natural vibration frequency at which the absorption rate is minimized is 284 Hz. It can be seen that even when the size of the opening is increased to lower the first natural vibration frequency of the membrane vibration, the absorptance increases on the lower frequency side than the first natural vibration frequency.
- the comparative example 3 of the sound-absorbing material single body which does not have a plate-shaped member it turns out that an absorption factor becomes small, so that it goes to the low frequency side.
- Example 13 a soundproof structure was produced in the same manner as Example 11 except that the size of the opening of the frame member was set to 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm.
- Example 14 as shown in FIG. 41, a soundproof structure was produced in the same manner as Example 13 except that a sound absorbing material was arranged in the opening.
- a sound absorbing material soft urethane foam U0016 manufactured by Fuji Rubber Sangyo Co., Ltd. was used. Further, the size of the sound absorbing material was set to 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 20 mm according to the size of the opening, and the sound absorbing material was arranged so as to be 1 mm apart from the plate member.
- Comparative Example 4 a soundproof structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 14 except that no plate-like member was provided. The absorptance was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 for each of the produced soundproof structures. The measurement results are shown in FIG.
- the first natural vibration frequency at which the absorption rate is minimized is 624 Hz. From FIG. 44, it can be seen that the absorptance increases even on the lower frequency side than the first natural vibration frequency.
- the comparative example 4 of the sound-absorbing material single body which does not have a plate-shaped member it turns out that an absorption factor becomes small, so that it goes to the low frequency side.
- Example 15 a soundproof structure was obtained in the same manner as Example 13 except that the production conditions of the plate member were changed to a plate member having through holes with an average opening diameter of 16.4 ⁇ m and an average opening ratio of 2.8%. Was made.
- Example 16 as shown in FIG. 41, a soundproof structure was produced in the same manner as Example 15 except that a sound absorbing material was arranged in the opening.
- the sound absorbing material was the same as that used in Example 14.
- Comparative Example 5 a soundproof structure was produced in the same manner as in Example 16 except that no plate-like member was provided. About each produced sound-insulation structure, it carried out similarly to Example 1, and measured the absorptance. The measurement results are shown in FIG.
- Example 15 From the result of Example 15 shown in FIG. 45, the first natural vibration frequency at which the absorption rate is minimized is 600 Hz. It can be seen that even when the size of the opening is increased to lower the first natural vibration frequency of the membrane vibration, the absorptance increases on the lower frequency side than the first natural vibration frequency. On the other hand, in the case of Comparative Example 5 in which the sound absorbing material alone does not have a plate-like member, it can be seen that the absorptance becomes smaller toward the low frequency side. Further, when Example 15 and Example 13 are compared, Example 15 has a large absorption rate fluctuation (difference in absorption rate for each frequency). This is because Example 15 has a relatively small average aperture ratio, so that the influence of membrane vibration is relatively large. Further, it can be seen from the comparison between Example 15 and Example 16 that the absorptance increases in a wide frequency band by arranging the sound absorbing material in the opening. It can also be seen that the absorption rate fluctuation can be reduced.
- Example 17 As Example 17, the soundproof structure is the same as that of Example 11, except that the material of the plate member is nickel, and the plate member has through holes with an average opening diameter of 19.5 ⁇ m and an average opening ratio of 6.2%. Was made.
- the formation method of a fine through-hole in the case of using nickel as a material of a plate-shaped member is as follows. First, a plurality of cylindrical convex portions having a diameter of 19.5 ⁇ m were formed in a predetermined arrangement pattern on the surface of the silicon substrate by using a photolithographic etching method on the silicon substrate. The center-to-center distance between adjacent convex portions was 70 ⁇ m, and the arrangement pattern was a square lattice arrangement. At this time, the area ratio occupied by the convex portions is about 6%.
- a nickel substrate having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m was formed by electrodepositing nickel onto the silicon substrate using a silicon substrate on which a convex portion was formed as a prototype. Thereafter, the nickel film was peeled off from the silicon substrate and surface polishing was performed. Thus, a nickel plate-like member having a plurality of through holes formed in a square lattice arrangement was produced.
- the average opening diameter was 19.5 ⁇ m
- the average opening ratio was 6.2 ⁇ m
- the thickness was 20 ⁇ m. It was also confirmed that the through hole completely penetrates the plate member in the thickness direction.
- the absorptance was measured in the same manner as in Example 1 for the produced soundproof structure.
- the measurement results are shown in FIG. FIG. 46 shows that the sound absorbing performance can be exhibited even when the material of the plate member is nickel. This is because the soundproof structure of the present invention functions by forming a plurality of fine through holes in the plate-like member, so that the effect can be exhibited regardless of the material of the plate-like member. From the above, the effects of the present invention are clear.
- FIG. 48 shows the photographing result of the nickel film
- FIG. 49 shows the photographing result of the aluminum film.
- the through holes are regularly arranged. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 48, the rainbow color spreads due to light diffraction.
- the aluminum film produced in Example 1 the through holes are arranged at random. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 49, there is no light diffraction and the white light source can be seen as it is.
- the present inventors have inferred that the sound absorption principle of the soundproof structure of the present invention is friction when sound passes through a fine through hole. Therefore, in order to increase the absorption rate, it is important to optimally design the average opening diameter and the average opening ratio of the fine through holes of the plate-like member so that the friction is increased. This is because, particularly in the high frequency region, the membrane vibration is also small, so that the influence attached to the frame member is not great, and it is considered that sound is absorbed by the sound absorption characteristics of the through hole + plate member itself. For this purpose, a simulation was performed on the frictional heat generated by the fine through holes.
- the design was performed using the acoustic module of COMSOLver5.1, which is finite element method analysis software.
- thermoacoustic model in the acoustic module it is possible to calculate the sound absorption through the fluid (including air) and the sound absorption due to the friction between the walls.
- the absorptivity as the plate member was measured by loosely fixing the plate member having the through hole used in Example 1 to the acoustic tube used in Example 1.
- the plate-like member itself was evaluated by reducing the influence of the fixed end as much as possible without attaching it to the frame member.
- the measurement results of the absorptance are shown in FIG. 21 as a reference example.
- the value of COMSOL library was used as the physical property value of aluminum, and the inside of the through hole was calculated with the thermoacoustic module, and the sound absorption due to the membrane vibration and the friction in the through hole was calculated.
- the end of the plate-like member is fixed to a roller so that the plate-like member can move freely in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the plate-like member to reproduce the system of the plate-like member alone. The results are shown as a simulation in FIG.
- the plate-like member portion is fixed and restrained, and a simulation is performed in which sound passes only through the through-hole.
- the thickness of the plate-like member, the average opening diameter of the through-holes The absorption behavior was investigated by changing the average aperture ratio. The following calculation was performed for a frequency of 3000 Hz.
- FIG. 22 shows the calculation results of changes in transmittance T, reflectance R, and absorption rate A when the average aperture ratio is changed when the thickness of the plate member is 20 ⁇ m and the average aperture diameter of the through holes is 20 ⁇ m. Show.
- the absorptance changes by changing the average aperture ratio. Therefore, it can be seen that there exists an optimum value that maximizes the absorption rate. In this case, it can be seen that absorption is maximized at an aperture ratio of 6%.
- the transmittance and the reflectance are substantially equal.
- the range of the average aperture ratio in which the absorption rate increases is gradually widened around the optimum average aperture ratio.
- the average opening ratio that maximizes the absorption rate under each condition was calculated and summarized. The results are shown in FIG.
- the average opening diameter of the through-holes is small, the optimum average opening ratio varies depending on the thickness of the plate-like member. A small average aperture ratio is an optimum value.
- FIG. 24 shows the maximum absorption rate when the average aperture ratio is optimized with respect to the average aperture diameter of each through hole.
- FIG. 24 shows two types when the thickness of the plate member is 20 ⁇ m and when the thickness of the plate member is 50 ⁇ m. It has been found that the maximum absorption rate is determined by the average opening diameter of the through-holes almost regardless of the thickness of the plate-like member. When the average aperture diameter is as small as 50 ⁇ m or less, the maximum absorptance is 50%, but it can be seen that the absorptance decreases as the average aperture diameter increases.
- the absorptivity decreases to 45% when the average aperture diameter is 100 ⁇ m, 30% when the average aperture diameter is 200 ⁇ m, and 20% when the average aperture diameter is 250 ⁇ m. Therefore, it has become clear that a smaller average opening diameter is desirable.
- the absorptance is large. Therefore, an average opening diameter of 250 ⁇ m or less with an upper limit of 20% is required, and an average opening diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less with an upper limit of 45% is desirable. An average opening diameter of 50 ⁇ m or less with an upper limit of 50% is most desirable.
- the calculation when the average opening diameter is 100 ⁇ m or less with the optimum average opening ratio with respect to the average opening diameter of the through holes was performed in detail.
- the results showing the optimum average aperture ratio for each average aperture diameter of the through holes with respect to the thicknesses of 10 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, 50 ⁇ m, and 70 ⁇ m are shown in a log-log graph in FIG. From the graph, it was found that the optimum average aperture ratio changes with the average aperture diameter of the through-holes at approximately -1.6.
- the optimum average opening ratio is rho_center
- the average opening diameter of the through holes is phi ( ⁇ m)
- the thickness of the plate-like member is t ( ⁇ m)
- rho_center a ⁇ phi -1.6
- it was clarified that it was determined at a 2 + 0.25 ⁇ t.
- the optimum average opening ratio is determined by the plate member thickness and the average opening diameter of the through holes.
- FIG. 26 shows the result of changing the average aperture ratio in the simulation of the plate member having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- the average opening diameter of the through holes was 10 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 30 ⁇ m, and 40 ⁇ m, and the average opening ratio was changed from 0.5% to 99%.
- the range of the average aperture ratio in which the absorption rate increases is spread around the optimum average aperture ratio.
- the range of the average aperture ratio in which the absorptance increases as the average aperture diameter of the through-holes decreases is wide.
- the range of the average aperture ratio in which the absorptance increases is wider on the average aperture ratio side higher than the optimal average aperture ratio.
- the optimum average opening ratio is 11%
- the average opening ratio at which the absorption rate is 40% or more is 4.5% lower limit and 28% upper limit.
- Table 4 shows -6.5% to 17.0%.
- the width of the absorption rate for each average opening diameter of the through hole is compared.
- the width of the absorption rate is approximately 100 ⁇ phi -2. Changes. Therefore, an appropriate range can be determined for each average opening diameter of each through hole for each of the absorption ratios of 30%, 40%, and 45%.
- the range of the absorption rate of 30% is based on the above-mentioned optimum average opening ratio rho_center, and the range when the average opening diameter of the through holes is 20 ⁇ m is used as a reference.
- rho_center-0.085 ⁇ (phi / 20) -2 Is the lower limit average aperture ratio, rho_center + 0.35 ⁇ (phi / 20) -2 Needs to fall within the range of the upper limit average aperture ratio.
- the average aperture ratio is limited to a range larger than 0 and smaller than 1.
- the absorption rate is in the range of 40%, rho_center-0.24 ⁇ (phi / 10) -2 Is the lower limit average aperture ratio, rho_center + 0.57 ⁇ (phi / 10) -2 Is preferably in the range where the upper limit average aperture ratio.
- the reference of the average opening diameter of penetration was set to 10 ⁇ m.
- the absorption rate is in the range of 45%.
- rho_center-0.185 ⁇ (phi / 10) -2 Is the lower limit average aperture ratio
- rho_center + 0.34 ⁇ (phi / 10) -2 Is more preferably in a range where the average aperture ratio is the upper limit.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、風切り音などでは、ホワイトノイズのように低周波域から高周波域まで音圧がある騒音もあり、広帯域な騒音対策を行う必要がある。特に、各種機器(複写機等のオフィス機器、自動車および電車など)内の騒音対策においては、機器の大きさが制限されるため、少ないスペースで防音できる防音構造が求められている。また、各種機器のモーターやファンなどの可動部からは、100Hz~1000Hz程度の低周波側にも騒音が発生することが多く問題となっていた。
膜振動を利用する防音構造は、膜振動の共振周波数で吸音が生じるものであるため、共振周波数で吸収が増大するがその他の周波数では吸音が小さくなり、吸音する周波数帯域の広帯域化は難しい。
このようなヘルムホルツ共振を利用する防音構造は、外部から音が貫通孔に侵入するとき、貫通孔内の空気が音によって動かされる運動方程式に支配される部分と、閉空間内の空気が音によって膨張圧縮を繰り返すバネ方程式に支配される部分が連結される構造となる。それぞれの方程式により、貫通孔内の空気の動きは圧力位相が局所速度位相より90度進むコイル的振る舞いとなり、閉空間内の空気の動きは圧力位相が局所速度位相より90度遅れるコンデンサ的振る舞いとなる。よって、ヘルムホルツ共振は全体として音の等価回路として、いわゆる、LC直列回路となり、貫通孔面積と長さ、閉空間の体積によって決定される共振を有する。この共振のときに、貫通孔を多数回音が往復することとなり、その間に貫通孔との摩擦によって特定周波数で強く吸音が生じる。
また、特許文献3は、枠となる区画壁で仕切られ、板状部材による後壁(剛壁)で閉じられ、前部が開口部を形成する空洞の開口部を覆う膜材(膜状吸音材)が被せられ、その上から押さえ板が載せられ、膜材の音波による変位が最も生じにくい領域である開口部の周縁部の固定端から膜状吸音材の面の寸法の20%の範囲内の領域(隅部分)にヘルムホルツ共鳴用の共鳴穴が形成された吸音体を開示している。この吸音体においては、共鳴穴を除いて、空洞は閉塞されている。この吸音体は、膜振動による吸音作用とヘルムホルツ共鳴による吸音作用を併せて奏する。
このような課題を解決するために複数の孔径を厚み方向もしくは水平方向に複数設けたり、背面空間を複数設ける試みも行われているが、複数のセルを設ける必要があるためサイズが大きくなり、また作り分ける必要があるために構造や部品が複雑化し、部品点数も増加するという問題があった。
さらに、背後に閉空間が必須であるため、閉空間の体積分サイズが大きくなるという問題があり、また、通気性や排熱を確保することができないという問題もあった。
特に低周波音を吸音するためには、閉空間の空気層の体積を大きくする必要がありサイズを大きくせざるを得ないという問題があった。
また、特許文献3では、膜振動による吸音作用とヘルツホルム共鳴による吸音作用を合わせて利用する必要があるので、枠となる区画壁の後壁は板状部材によって閉塞されており、特許文献1と同様に、風、及び熱を通す能力がなく熱がこもりがちとなり、機器及び自動車等の遮音に向かないという問題があった。
すなわち、以下の構成により上記目的を達成することができることを見出した。
貫通孔の平均開口径が0.1μm以上250μm以下であり、
板状部材の膜振動の第一固有振動周波数が10Hz~100000Hzの間に存在する防音構造。
[2] 貫通孔の平均開口径が0.1μm以上100μm未満であり、
平均開口径をphi(μm)、板状部材の厚みをt(μm)としたときに、貫通孔の平均開口率rhoが rho_center=(2+0.25×t)×phi-1.6を中心として、rho_center-(0.085×(phi/20)-2)を下限として、rho_center+(0.35×(phi/20)-2)を上限とする範囲に平均開口率rhoが入る[1]に記載の防音構造。
[3] 貫通孔の平均開口径が100μm以上250μm以下であり、
貫通孔の平均開口率が0.5%から1.0%の間である[1]に記載の防音構造。
[4] 板状部材の膜振動における第一固有振動周波数±100Hzの周波数において吸収率が極小となる[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の防音構造。
[5] 枠部材の開口部の孔径が吸音対象とする音の中で最大の波長よりも小さい[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の防音構造。
[6] 複数の板状部材が厚さ方向に配列されている[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の防音構造。
[7] 貫通孔の内壁面の表面粗さRaが0.1μm~10.0μmである[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の防音構造。
[8] 貫通孔の内壁面が複数の粒子状形状で形成され、内壁面に形成された凸部の平均粒径が0.1μm~10.0μmである[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の防音構造。
[9] 板状部材の形成材料が金属である[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の防音構造。
[10] 板状部材の形成材料がアルミニウムである[1]~[9]のいずれかに記載の防音構造。
[11] 複数の貫通孔がランダムに配列されている[1]~[10]のいずれかに記載の防音構造。
[12] 複数の貫通孔は、2種以上の異なる開口径の貫通孔からなる[1]~[11]のいずれかに記載の防音構造。
[13] [1]~[12]のいずれかに記載の防音構造を単位防音構造とし、複数の単位防音構造を有する防音構造。
[14] 貫通孔の平均開口径が0.1μm以上50μm以下である[1]~[13]のいずれかに記載の防音構造。
[15] 少なくとも一部の貫通孔の形状が、貫通孔の内部で最大径となる形状である[1]~[14]のいずれかに記載の防音構造。
[16] [1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の防音構造を有する仕切り構造。
[17] [1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の防音構造を有する窓部材。
[18] [1]~[15]のいずれかに記載の防音構造を有するケージ。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に限定されるものではない。
なお、本明細書において、「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値および上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
本発明の防音構造は、厚み方向に貫通する複数の貫通孔を有する板状部材と、開口部を有する枠部材とを備え、枠部材の開口部周縁に対して板状部材を固定することによって、板状部材が膜振動し得る防音構造であって、
貫通孔の平均開口径が0.1μm以上250μm以下であり、
板状部材の膜振動の第一固有振動周波数が10Hz~100000Hzの間に存在する防音構造である。
本発明の防音構造の構成について、図1~図3を用いて説明する。
図1~図3に示す防音構造10は、厚さ方向に貫通する貫通孔14を複数、有する略正方形状の板状部材12と、板状部材12の大きさと略同じ大きさおよび形状の開口部を有する枠部材16とを有し、枠部材16の開口部に板状部材12を嵌合させて、板状部材12の周縁部を枠部材16に固定して支持する構成を有する。
例えば、図4に示すように、騒音源52と連通する配管50の開放端に配置されて、騒音源52から発生する音を吸音する。
また、枠部材16の開口部の貫通方向に垂直な断面形状は、図1に示す例では正方形であるが、本発明においては、特に制限的ではなく、例えば、長方形、ひし形、又は平行四辺形等の他の四角形、正三角形、2等辺三角形、又は直角三角形等の三角形、正五角形、又は正六角形等の正多角形を含む多角形、若しくは円形、楕円形等であっても良いし、不定形であっても良い。なお、枠14の開口部は、枠14を厚み方向に貫通している。
また、後述するように、枠部材16に板状部材12を固定した防音構造10を単位防音セルとし、単位防音セルを複数有する防音構造とすることもできる。これにより、開口部のサイズをダクト等のサイズに合わせる必要もなく、複数の単位防音セルを合わせて、ダクト端に配置して防音に用いることもできる(図10Aおよび図10B参照)。
また、この防音構造10自体をパーティションのように用いて、複数の騒音源からの音を遮る用途に用いることもできる。この場合も、枠部材16のサイズは対象となる騒音の周波数から選択することができる。
なお、開口部のサイズが波長より大きい場合には、開口部のサイズによる音の回折現象が生じる。一方で、開口部のサイズが波長よりも小さい場合には回折による特定方向への音の増減がない。したがって、枠部材16のサイズ(開口部のサイズ)は、吸音対象とする音の中で最大の波長よりも小さいことが好ましい。
例えば、枠部材16のサイズ(開口部のサイズ)は、0.5mm~300mmであることが好ましく、1mm~100mmであることがより好ましく、5mm~50mmであることが最も好ましい。
ここで、図40に示すように、枠部材16のフレーム肉厚は、枠部材16の開口面における厚みの最も薄い部分の厚みd1である。また、枠部材16の高さは、開口部の貫通方向における高さh1である。
例えば、枠部材16のフレーム肉厚は、枠部材16のサイズが、0.5mm~50mmの場合には、0.5mm~20mmであることが好ましく、0.7mm~10mmであることがより好ましく、1mm~5mmであることが最も好ましい。
枠部材16のフレーム肉厚が、枠部材16のサイズに対して比率が大きくなりすぎると、全体に占める枠部材16の部分の面積率が大きくなり、デバイスが重くなる懸念がある。一方、上記比率が小さくなりすぎると、その枠部材16部分において接着剤などによって板状部材を強く固定することが難しくなってくる。
また、枠部材16のフレーム肉厚は、枠部材16のサイズが、50mm超、300mm以下の場合には、1mm~100mmであることが好ましく、3mm~50mmであることがより好ましく、5mm~20mmであることが最も好ましい。
また、枠部材16の高さ、すなわち、開口部の貫通方向の厚さは、0.5mm~200mmであることが好ましく、0.7mm~100mmであることがより好ましく、1mm~50mmであることが最も好ましい。
また、これらの枠部材16の材料の複数種を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
吸音材を配置することによって、吸音材による吸音効果により、遮音特性をより向上できる。
吸音材としては、特に限定はなく、従来公知の吸音材が適宜利用可能である。例えば、発泡ウレタン等の発泡材料、ならびに、グラスウール、および、マイクロファイバー(3M社製シンサレートなど)等の不織布等の種々の公知の吸音材が利用可能である。
この際、貫通孔を通過し、摩擦が生じるメカニズムを阻害しないために、板状部材の表面から1mm以上離して吸音材を配置することが望ましい。一方で、吸音材を板状部材と一部または全体を接触させて配置することで、板状部材の振動を適度に抑制することができる。平均開口率が低い場合、および、開口部のサイズが小さい場合などの板状部材が振動しやすい構成では、板状部材が振動しすぎることで、音が貫通孔を通過することによる吸音の効果を十分に発揮できない場合がある。これに対して、吸音材を板状部材と接触させて配置して板状部材の振動を適宜抑制することによって、音が貫通孔を通過することによる吸音の効果と板振動の効果をともに十分に発揮することができる。
接着剤を用いる方法は、接着剤を枠部材16の開口を囲む表面(端面)上に接着剤を塗布し、その上に板状部材12を載置し、板状部材12を接着剤で枠部材16に固定する。接着剤としては、例えば、エポキシ系接着剤(アラルダイト(登録商標)(ニチバン(株)社製)等)、シアノアクリレート系接着剤(アロンアルフア(登録商標)(東亞合成(株)社製)など)、アクリル系接着剤等を挙げることができる。
物理的な固定具を用いる方法としては、枠部材16の開口を覆うように配置された板状部材12を枠部材16と棒等の固定部材との間に挟み、固定部材をネジやビス等の固定具を用いて枠部材16に固定する方法等を挙げることができる。
また、両面テープ(例えば日東電工(株)製、3M製のもの)を枠部材の開口部のサイズに合わせて切り取り、その上から板状部材を固定することもできる。
このような課題を解決するために複数の孔径を厚み方向もしくは水平方向に複数設けたり、背面の閉空間を複数設ける試みも行われているが、複数のセルを設ける必要があるためサイズが大きくなり、また作り分ける必要があるために構造や部品が複雑化し、部品点数も増加するという問題があった。
さらに、背面に閉空間が必須であるため、閉空間の体積分サイズが大きくなるという問題があった。特に、低周波音を吸音するためには、閉空間の空気層の体積を大きくする必要がありサイズを大きくせざるを得ない。
また、背面に閉空間が必須であるため、通気性や排熱を確保することができないという問題もあった。
本発明者らの検討によれば、本発明の構成は、板状部材と貫通孔が存在するため音はこの二種のいずれかを通過して透過すると考えられる。板状部材を透過するパス(経路)は、板状部材の膜振動に一度変換された固体振動が音波として再放射されるパスであり、貫通孔を透過するパスは、貫通孔の中を気体伝搬音として直接通過するパスである。そして、貫通孔を通過するパスが、今回の吸収メカニズムとして支配的であると考えられる。
貫通孔の平均開口径が小さい場合は、開口面積に対する開口部の縁長さの比率が大きくなるため、貫通孔の縁部や内壁面で生じる摩擦を大きくすることができると考えられる。貫通孔を通る際の摩擦を大きくすることによって、音のエネルギーを熱エネルギーへと変換して、より効率的に吸音することができる。
また、音が貫通孔を通過する際の摩擦で吸音するので、音の周波数帯によらず吸音することができ、広帯域で吸音することができる。
本発明者らが今回発見したことは、この剛性則内において第一固有振動周波数より低周波側であるにもかかわらず、貫通孔の効果によって大きな吸収効果が得られるということである。
剛性則においては、膜(板状部材)を音波が押す運動方程式で支配される運動よりも、膜が枠部材に取り付けられていることによって動いた膜が端部から引っ張られるバネ方程式で支配される運動の方が大きい。この剛性則内では、膜が枠部材から引っ張られることによりテンション(張力)が大きくなった効果を示し、実際の膜のヤング率と比べても膜の見かけの堅さがとても大きくなる効果がある。
一般に、低周波領域は膜を揺らす力が大きく膜振動を大きくするものである。本発明の構成では、板状部材の膜振動の第一固有振動周波数を10Hz~100000Hzの間として、この第一固有振動周波数よりも低周波側に剛性則領域を作ることによって膜の見かけの堅さを大きくして、低周波領域でもあまり膜の振動を大きくしないようにしている。この時、低周波領域においても膜があまり振動しないために音波は微細な貫通孔を通過することが多くなる。微細な貫通孔の効果によって摩擦熱が生じて、低周波側を広く吸音することができる。
一方で、高周波領域においては元から膜振動はあまり大きくなく、音波は貫通孔を通ることが多いため、高周波領域でも微細な貫通孔との摩擦による吸音が支配的となる。
このように、本発明では、微細な貫通孔の元々の機能である高周波領域の吸収特性に加えて、枠を取り付けて剛性則領域を作ることによって、高周波領域における微細な貫通孔内の摩擦による吸音効果を残したままに、低周波領域でも微細な貫通孔との摩擦による吸音効果を示す構造とした。
また、第一固有振動周波数近傍の周波数では、膜振動が大きくなるため、微細な貫通孔との摩擦による吸音効果は小さくなる。したがって、本発明の防音構造は、第一固有振動周波数±100Hzで吸収率が極小となる。
また、低周波領域での吸音性能、人間の耳の感度等の観点から、板状部材の膜振動の第一固有振動周波数は20Hz~20000Hzが好ましく、50Hz~15000Hzがより好ましい。
なお、開口部のサイズが小さい枠部材としては、いわゆるメッシュ(メタルメッシュ、プラスチック製メッシュ)およびハニカム構造(アルミハニカムパネルやペーパーハニカムコアなど)を用いることができる。
また、背面に閉空間を有さないため、通気性を確保できる。
また、貫通孔を有するため光を散乱しながら透過することができる。
また、微細な貫通孔を形成することによって機能するので、素材選択の自由度が高く、周辺環境の汚染や、耐環境性能の問題も少ない。
また、本発明に用いられる板状部材は薄く、また、微細な貫通孔が複数形成されているため破損しやすいが、枠部材の開口部のサイズを小さくすることで、指などで触りにくくなり、破損するのを抑制できる。
また、平均開口径の下限値は、0.5μm以上が好ましく、1μm以上がより好ましく、2μm以上がさらに好ましい。平均開口径が小さすぎると貫通孔を通過する際の粘性抵抗が高すぎて十分に音が通らないため開口率を高くしても吸音効果が十分に得られない。
後に詳述する実施例ならびにシミュレーションの結果から、貫通孔の平均開口径が大きい場合には、貫通孔の平均開口率は小さいのが好ましく、貫通孔の平均開口径が20μm以下の小さい場合には、貫通孔の平均開口率は5%以上の大きいのが好ましい。
なお、開口径は、貫通孔部分の面積をそれぞれ計測し、同一の面積となる円に置き換えたときの直径(円相当直径)を用いて評価した。すなわち、貫通孔の開口部の形状は略円形状に限定はされないので、開口部の形状が非円形状の場合には、同一面積となる円の直径で評価した。従って、例えば、2以上の貫通孔が一体化したような形状の貫通孔の場合にも、これを1つの貫通孔とみなし、貫通孔の円相当直径を開口径とする。
これらの作業は、例えば「Image J」(https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/)を用いて、Analyze Particlesにより円相当径、開口率などを全て計算することができる。
音の回折に関しては、貫通孔が周期的に配列されているとその貫通孔の周期に従って音の回折現象が生じ、音が回折により曲がり騒音の進む方向が複数に分かれる懸念がある。ランダムとは完全に配列したような周期性は持たない配置になっている状態であり、各貫通孔による吸収効果が現れる一方で、貫通孔間最小距離による回折現象は生じない配置となる。
また、本発明の実施例ではロール状の連続処理中でのエッチング処理により作製したサンプルもあるが、大量生産のためには周期的配列を作製するプロセスよりも表面処理など一括でランダムなパターンを形成する方が容易であるため、生産性の観点からもランダムに配列されていることが好ましい。
完全に周期構造であるときには強い回折光が現れる。また、周期構造のごく一部だけ位置が異なるなどしても、残りの構造によって回折光が現れる。回折光は、周期構造の基本セルからの散乱光の重ね合わせで形成される波であるため、ごく一部だけ乱されても残りの構造による干渉が回折光を生じるというメカニズムである。
よって、周期構造から乱れた基本セルが多くなればなるほど、回折光を強めあう干渉をする散乱光が減っていくことにより、回折光の強さが小さくなる。
よって、本発明における「ランダム」とは、少なくとも全体の10%の貫通孔が周期構造からずれた状態であることを示す。上記の議論より、回折光を抑制するためには周期構造からずれた基本セルが多いほど望ましいため、全体の50%がずれている構造が好ましく、全体の80%がずれている構造がより好ましく、全体の90%がずれている構造がさらに好ましい。
撮影した画像において、一つの貫通孔に着目し、その周囲の貫通孔との距離を測定する。最近接である距離をa1、第二、第三、第四番目に近い距離をそれぞれa2、a3、a4とする。このとき、a1からa4の中で二つ以上の距離が一致する場合(例えば、その一致した距離をb1とする)、その貫通孔はb1の距離について周期構造を持つ孔として判断できる。一方で、a1からa4のどの距離も一致しない場合、その貫通孔は周期構造からずれた貫通孔として判断できる。この作業を画像上の全貫通孔に行い判断を行う。
ここで、上記「一致する」は着目した貫通孔の孔径をΦとしたときにΦのずれまでは一致したとする。つまり、a2-Φ<a1<a2+Φの関係であるとき、a2とa1は一致したとする。これは、回折光が各貫通孔からの散乱光を考えているため、孔径Φの範囲では散乱が生じていると考えられるためである。
次に、例えば「b1の距離について周期構造を持つ貫通孔」の個数を数えて、画像上の全貫通孔の個数に対する割合を求める。この割合をc1としたとき、割合c1が周期構造を持つ貫通孔の割合であり、1-c1が周期構造からずれた貫通孔の割合となり、1-c1が上記の「ランダム」を決める数値となる。複数の距離、例えば「b1の距離について周期構造を持つ貫通孔」と「b2の距離について周期構造を持つ貫通孔」が存在した場合、b1とb2についてはそれぞれ別にカウントする。b1の距離について周期構造の割合がc1、b2の距離について周期構造の割合がc2であったとすると、(1-c1)と(1-c2)がともに10%以上である場合にその構造は「ランダム」となる。
一方で、(1-c1)と(1-c2)のいずれかが10%未満となる場合、その構造は周期構造を持つことになり「ランダム」ではない。このようにして、いずれの割合c1、c2、…に対しても「ランダム」の条件を満たす場合に、その構造を「ランダム」と定義する。
生産性としては、上記のランダム配列と同じく、大量にエッチング処理を行う観点から開口径にばらつきを許容した方が生産性が向上する。また、耐久性の観点としては、環境によってほこりやごみのサイズが異なるため、もし1種類の開口径の貫通孔とすると主要なゴミのサイズが貫通孔とほぼ合致するときに全ての貫通孔に影響を与えることとなる。複数種類の開口径の貫通孔を設けておくことによって、様々な環境において適用できるデバイスとなる。
貫通孔の最表面の直径より大きなゴミは貫通孔内に侵入せず、一方直径より小さなゴミは内部直径が大きくなっていることよりそのまま貫通孔内を通過できる。
これは、逆の形状で内部がすぼまっている形状を考えると、貫通孔の最表面を通ったゴミが内部の直径が小さい部分に引っかかり、ゴミがそのまま残りやすいことと比較すると、内部で最大径となる形状がゴミの詰まり抑制では有利に機能することがわかる。
また、いわゆるテーパー形状のように、膜のどちらか一方の表面が最大径となり、内部直径が略単調減少する形状においては、最大径となる方から「最大径>ゴミのサイズ>もう一方の表面の直径」の関係を満たすゴミが入った場合に、内部形状がスロープのように機能して途中で詰まる可能性がさらに大きくなる。
ここで、表面粗さRaは貫通孔内をAFM(Atomic Force Microscope)で計測することによって測定を行うことができる。AFMとしては、例えば、株式会社日立ハイテクサイエンス社製 SPA300を用いることができる。カンチレバーはOMCL-AC200TSを用い、DFM(Dynamic Force Mode)モードで測定することができる。貫通孔の内壁面の表面粗さは、数ミクロン程度であるため、数ミクロンの測定範囲および精度を有する点から、AFMを用いることが好ましい。
なお、図12は、後述する実施例1のサンプルに関して、SEM写真を撮影したものである。
具体的には、2000倍で撮影したSEM画像をImage Jに取り込み、凸部が白となるように白黒に二値化し、その各凸部の面積をAnalyze Particlesにて求める。その各面積と同一面積となる円を想定した円相当直径を各凸部について求めて、その平均値を平均粒径として算出した。このSEM画像の撮影範囲は100μm×100μm程度となる。
例えば、後述する実施例1の粒径は1~3μm程度に分布しており、平均すると2μm程度である。この凸部の平均粒径は0.1μm以上10.0μm以下であることが好ましく、0.15μm以上5.0μm以下であることがより好ましい。
周波数2500Hzの音を吸音するとき、局所速度より、音波を媒介する媒質の局所的な移動速度が分かる。それより、もし貫通孔の貫通方向に粒子が振動していると仮定して、移動距離を求めた。音は振動しているため、その距離振幅は半周期内に移動できる距離となる。2500Hzでは、一周期が1/2500秒であるため、その半分の時間は同じ方向にできる。局所速度から求められる音波半周期での最大移動距離(音響移動距離)は、94dBで10μm、60dBで0.2μmとなる。よって、この音響移動距離程度の表面粗さを持つことによって摩擦が増加するため、上述した表面粗さRaの範囲、および、凸部の平均粒径の範囲が好ましい。
また、貫通孔の平均開口径が100μm以上250μm以下の場合には、貫通孔の平均開口率が0.5%から1.0%の間であるのが好ましい。この点については、後述する実施例で詳細に説明する。
なお、上記平均開口率rhoの数式においては、平均開口率rhoは、百分率ではなく、比率(開口面積/幾何学的面積)で表したものである。
本発明の防音構造に用いられる、微細な貫通孔を有する板状部材を壁表面や目に見えるところに配置する場合、貫通孔自体が見えてしまうとデザイン性を損ない、見た目として孔があいていることが気になるため、貫通孔が見えにくいことが望ましい。部屋内の防音壁、調音壁、防音パネル、調音パネル、および、機械の外装部分など様々なところで貫通孔が見えてしまうと問題になる。
以下、人間の目の分解能が視力1の場合において議論する。
視力1の定義は1分角を分解して見えることである。これは30cmの距離で87μmが分解できることを示す。視力1の場合の距離と分解能との関係を図42に示す。
貫通孔が見えるかどうかは、上記視力に強く関係する。視力検査をランドルト環のギャップ部分の認識で行うように、二点及び/又は二線分間の空白が見えるかは分解能に依存する。すなわち、目の分解能未満の開口径の貫通孔は、貫通孔のエッヂ間の距離が目で分解ができないため視認が困難となる。一方で目の分解能以上の開口径の貫通孔の形状は認識できる。
視力1の場合、100μmの貫通孔は35cmの距離から分解できるが、50μmの貫通孔は18cm、20μmの貫通孔は7cmの距離まで近づかないと分解することができない。よって、100μmの貫通孔では視認できて気になる場合でも、20μmの貫通孔を用いることで1/5の極めて近い距離に近づかない限り認識できない。よって、開口径が小さい方が貫通孔の隠ぺいに有利となる。防音構造を壁や車内に用いたときに観察者からの距離は一般的に数10cmの距離となるが、その場合は開口径100μm程度がその境目となる。
一方で、ランダムに配列した場合は上記の回折現象が生じない。後述する実施例で作製した微細な貫通孔を形成したアルミニウム膜はいずれも、蛍光灯にすかしてみても回折光による色み変化は見えないことを確認した。また、反射配置で眺めても見た目は通常のアルミニウム箔と同等の金属光沢を有し、回折反射が生じていないことを確認した。
吸音性能、小型化、通気性および光の透過性等の観点から、板状部材の厚みは、5μm~500μmが好ましく、10μm~300μmがより好ましく、20μm~100μmが特に好ましい。
本発明の防音構造は、第一固有振動周波数での膜振動を生じるため、板状部材は振動に対して割れにくいことが好ましい。一方で、微細な貫通孔での摩擦による吸音を活かすために板状部材は、バネ定数が大きく振動の変位をあまり大きくしない、高ヤング率の材料を用いることが好ましい。これらの観点から、金属材料を用いるのが好ましい。なかでも、軽量である、エッチング等により微小な貫通孔を形成しやすい、入手性やコスト等の観点からアルミニウムを用いるのが好ましい。
さらに、少なくとも貫通孔の内表面に金属めっきを施すことによって、貫通孔の平均開口径をより小さい範囲に調整してもよい。
また、板状部材の材料として金属材料を用いることによって、耐熱性を高くできる。また、耐オゾン性を高くすることができる。
金属に複数の微細な貫通孔が開いた構造は、周波数のハイパスフィルターとして機能することが知られている。例えば、電子レンジの金属の網目がついた窓は、高周波である可視光は通しながら、電子レンジに用いられるマイクロ波に対しては遮蔽する性質を持つ。この場合、貫通孔の孔径をΦ、電磁波の波長をλとしたときに、Φ<λの関係の長波長成分は通さず、Φ>λである短波長成分は透過するフィルターとして機能する。
ここで、輻射熱に対する応答を考える。輻射熱とは、物体から物体温度に応じて遠赤外線が放射され、それが他の物体に伝えられる伝熱機構である。ヴィーンの放射法則(Wien's radiation law)から、室温程度の環境における輻射熱はλ=10μmを中心として分布し、長波長側にはその3倍程度の波長まで(30μmまで)は実効的に熱を輻射で伝えることに寄与していることが知られている。上記ハイパスフィルターの孔径Φと波長λの関係を考えると、Φ=20μmの場合はλ>20μmの成分を強く遮蔽する一方で、Φ=50μmの場合はΦ>λの関係となり輻射熱が貫通孔を通って伝搬してしまう。すなわち、孔径Φが数10μmであるために孔径Φの違いによって輻射熱の伝搬性能が大きく変わり、孔径Φ、すなわち、平均開口径が小さいほど輻射熱カットフィルターとして機能することが分かる。従って、輻射熱による伝熱を防ぐ断熱材としての観点からは、板状部材に形成される貫通孔の平均開口径は20μm以下が好ましい。
上記アルマイト処理と合わせることで、さまざまな色みやデザインをつけることができる。
枠部材と板状部材とが一体となった構成は、圧縮成形、射出成形、インプリント、削り出し加工、および3次元形状形成(3D)プリンタを用いた加工方法などの単純な工程で作製することができる。
板状部材として用いられるアルミニウム基材は、特に限定はされず、例えば、JIS規格H4000に記載されている合金番号1085、1N30、3003等の公知のアルミニウム基材を用いることができる。なお、アルミニウム基材は、アルミニウムを主成分とし、微量の異元素を含む合金板である。
アルミニウム基材の厚みとしては、特に限定はないが、5μm~1000μmが好ましく、5μm~200μmがより好ましく、10μm~100μmが特に好ましい。
次に、複数の貫通孔を有する板状部材の製造方法について、アルミニウム基材を用いる場合を例に説明する。
アルミニウム基材を用いた、複数の貫通孔を有する板状部材の製造方法は、
アルミニウム基材の表面に水酸化アルミニウムを主成分とする皮膜を形成する皮膜形成工程と、
皮膜形成工程の後に、貫通孔形成処理を行って貫通孔を形成する貫通孔形成工程と、
貫通孔形成工程の後に、水酸化アルミニウム皮膜を除去する皮膜除去工程と、を有する。
皮膜形成工程と貫通孔形成工程と皮膜除去工程とを有することにより、平均開口径が0.1μm以上250μm以下の貫通孔を好適に形成することができる。
複数の貫通孔を有する板状部材の製造方法は、図6A~図6Eに示すように、アルミニウム基材11の一方の主面に対して皮膜形成処理を施し、水酸化アルミニウム皮膜13を形成する皮膜形成工程(図6Aおよび図6B)と、皮膜形成工程の後に電解溶解処理を施して貫通孔14を形成し、アルミニウム基材11および水酸化アルミニウム皮膜13に貫通孔を形成する貫通孔形成工程(図6Bおよび図6C)と、貫通孔形成工程の後に、水酸化アルミニウム皮膜13を除去し、貫通孔14を有する板状部材12を作製する皮膜除去工程(図6Cおよび図6D)と、を有する製造方法である。
また、複数の貫通孔を有する板状部材の製造方法は、皮膜除去工程の後に、貫通孔14を有する板状部材12に電気化学的粗面化処理を施し、板状部材12の表面を粗面化する粗面化処理工程(図6Dおよび図6E)を有しているのが好ましい。
本発明において、複数の貫通孔を有する板状部材の製造方法が有する皮膜形成工程は、アルミニウム基材の表面に皮膜形成処理を施し、水酸化アルミニウム皮膜を形成する工程である。
上記皮膜形成処理は特に限定されず、例えば、従来公知の水酸化アルミニウム皮膜の形成処理と同様の処理を施すことができる。
皮膜形成処理としては、例えば、特開2011-201123号公報の<0013>~<0026>段落に記載された条件や装置を適宜採用することができる。
硝酸、塩酸を含む電解液中で電気化学的処理を行う場合には、アルミニウム基材と対極との間に直流を印加してもよく、交流を印加してもよい。アルミニウム基材に直流を印加する場合においては、電流密度は、1~60A/dm2であるのが好ましく、5~50A/dm2であるのがより好ましい。連続的に電気化学的処理を行う場合には、アルミニウム基材に、電解液を介して給電する液給電方式により行うのが好ましい。
貫通孔形成工程は、皮膜形成工程の後に電解溶解処理を施し、貫通孔を形成する工程である。
上記電解溶解処理は特に限定されず、直流または交流を用い、酸性溶液を電解液に用いることができる。中でも、硝酸、塩酸の少なくとも1以上の酸を用いて電気化学処理を行うのが好ましく、これらの酸に加えて硫酸、燐酸、シュウ酸の少なくとも1以上の混酸を用いて電気化学的処理を行うのが更に好ましい。
また、上記酸を主体とする水溶液には、鉄、銅、マンガン、ニッケル、チタン、マグネシウム、シリカ等のアルミニウム合金中に含まれる金属が溶解していてもよい。好ましくは、酸の濃度0.1~2質量%の水溶液にアルミニウムイオンが1~100g/Lとなるように、塩化アルミニウム、硝酸アルミニウム、硫酸アルミニウム等を添加した液を用いることが好ましい。
本発明においては、硝酸を主体とする電解液を用いた電気化学的溶解処理(以下、「硝酸溶解処理」とも略す。)により、容易に、平均開口径が0.1μm以上250μm以下となる貫通孔を形成することができる。
ここで、硝酸溶解処理は、貫通孔形成の溶解ポイントを制御しやすい理由から、直流電流を用い、平均電流密度を5A/dm2以上とし、かつ、電気量を50C/dm2以上とする条件で施す電解処理であるであるのが好ましい。なお、平均電流密度は100A/dm2以下であるのが好ましく、電気量は10000C/dm2以下であるのが好ましい。
また、硝酸電解における電解液の濃度や温度は特に限定されず、高濃度、例えば、硝酸濃度15~35質量%の硝酸電解液を用いて30~60℃で電解を行ったり、硝酸濃度0.7~2質量%の硝酸電解液を用いて高温、例えば、80℃以上で電解を行うことができる。
また、上記硝酸電解液に濃度0.1~50質量%の硫酸、シュウ酸、燐酸の少なくとも1つを混ぜた電解液を用いて電解を行うことができる。
本発明においては、塩酸を主体とする電解液を用いた電気化学的溶解処理(以下、「塩酸溶解処理」とも略す。)によっても、容易に、平均開口径が1μm以上250μm以下となる貫通孔を形成することができる。
ここで、塩酸溶解処理は、貫通孔形成の溶解ポイントを制御しやすい理由から、直流電流を用い、平均電流密度を5A/dm2以上とし、かつ、電気量を50C/dm2以上とする条件で施す電解処理であるであるのが好ましい。なお、平均電流密度は100A/dm2以下であるのが好ましく、電気量は10000C/dm2以下であるのが好ましい。
また、塩酸電解における電解液の濃度や温度は特に限定されず、高濃度、例えば、塩酸濃度10~35質量%の塩酸電解液を用いて30~60℃で電解を行ったり、塩酸濃度0.7~2質量%の塩酸電解液を用いて高温、例えば、80℃以上で電解を行うことができる。
また、上記塩酸電解液に濃度0.1~50質量%の硫酸、シュウ酸、燐酸の少なくとも1つを混ぜた電解液を用いて電解を行うことができる。
皮膜除去工程は、化学的溶解処理を行って水酸化アルミニウム皮膜を除去する工程である。
上記皮膜除去工程は、例えば、後述する酸エッチング処理やアルカリエッチング処理を施すことにより水酸化アルミニウム皮膜を除去することができる。
上記溶解処理は、アルミニウムよりも水酸化アルミニウムを優先的に溶解させる溶液(以下、「水酸化アルミニウム溶解液」という。)を用いて水酸化アルミニウム皮膜を溶解させる処理である。
ジルコニウム系化合物としては、例えば、フッ化ジルコンアンモニウム、フッ化ジルコニウム、塩化ジルコニウムが挙げられる。
チタン化合物としては、例えば、酸化チタン、硫化チタンが挙げられる。
リチウム塩としては、例えば、フッ化リチウム、塩化リチウムが挙げられる。
セリウム塩としては、例えば、フッ化セリウム、塩化セリウムが挙げられる。
マグネシウム塩としては、例えば、硫化マグネシウムが挙げられる。
マンガン化合物としては、例えば、過マンガン酸ナトリウム、過マンガン酸カルシウムが挙げられる。
モリブデン化合物としては、例えば、モリブデン酸ナトリウムが挙げられる。
マグネシウム化合物としては、例えば、フッ化マグネシウム・五水和物が挙げられる。
バリウム化合物としては、例えば、酸化バリウム、酢酸バリウム、炭酸バリウム、塩素酸バリウム、塩化バリウム、フッ化バリウム、ヨウ化バリウム、乳酸バリウム、シュウ酸バリウム、過塩素酸バリウム、セレン酸バリウム、亜セレン酸バリウム、ステアリン酸バリウム、亜硫酸バリウム、チタン酸バリウム、水酸化バリウム、硝酸バリウム、あるいはこれらの水和物等が挙げられる。
上記バリウム化合物の中でも、酸化バリウム、酢酸バリウム、炭酸バリウムが好ましく、酸化バリウムが特に好ましい。
ハロゲン単体としては、例えば、塩素、フッ素、臭素が挙げられる。
酸濃度としては、0.01mol/L以上であるのが好ましく、0.05mol/L以上であるのがより好ましく、0.1mol/L以上であるのが更に好ましい。上限は特にないが、一般的には10mol/L以下であるのが好ましく、5mol/L以下であるのがより好ましい。
浸せき処理の時間は、10分以上であるのが好ましく、1時間以上であるのがより好ましく、3時間以上、5時間以上であるのが更に好ましい。
アルカリエッチング処理は、上記水酸化アルミニウム皮膜をアルカリ溶液に接触させることにより、表層を溶解させる処理である。
本発明において、複数の貫通孔を有する板状部材の製造方法が有していてもよい任意の粗面化処理工程は、水酸化アルミニウム皮膜を除去したアルミニウム基材に対して電気化学的粗面化処理(以下、「電解粗面化処理」とも略す。)を施し、アルミニウム基材の表面ないし裏面を粗面化する工程である。
なお、上記実施形態では、貫通孔を形成した後に粗面化処理を行う構成としたが、これに限定はされず、粗面化処理の後に貫通孔を形成する構成としてもよい。
あるいは、塩酸を主体とする電解液を用いた電気化学的粗面化処理(以下、「塩酸電解」とも略す。)によっても、粗面化することができる。
本発明において、複数の貫通孔を有する板状部材の製造方法は、上述した電解溶解処理により形成された貫通孔の平均開口径を0.1μm~20μm程度の小さい範囲に調整できる理由から、上述した皮膜除去工程の後に、少なくとも貫通孔の内壁を含むアルミニウム基材の表面の一部または全部をアルミニウム以外の金属で被覆する金属被覆工程を有しているのが好ましい。
ここで、「少なくとも貫通孔の内壁を含むアルミニウム基材の表面の一部または全部をアルミニウム以外の金属で被覆する」とは、貫通孔の内壁を含むアルミニウム基材の全表面のうち、少なくとも貫通孔の内壁については被覆されていることを意味しており、内壁以外の表面は、被覆されていなくてもよく、一部または全部が被覆されていてもよい。
上記置換処理は、少なくとも貫通孔の内壁を含むアルミニウム基材の表面の一部または全部に、亜鉛または亜鉛合金を置換めっきする処理である。
置換めっき液としては、例えば、水酸化ナトリウム120g/L、酸化亜鉛20g/L、結晶性塩化第二鉄2g/L、ロッセル塩50g/L、硝酸ナトリウム1g/Lの混合溶液などが挙げられる。
また、市販のZnまたはZn合金めっき液を使用してもよく、例えば、奥野製薬工業株式会社製サブスターZn-1、Zn-2、Zn-3、Zn-8、Zn-10、Zn-111、Zn-222、Zn-291等を使用することができる。
このような置換めっき液へのアルミニウム基材の浸漬時間は15秒~40秒であるのが好ましく、浸漬温度は20~50℃であるのが好ましい。
上述した置換処理により、アルミニウム基材の表面に亜鉛または亜鉛合金を置換めっきして亜鉛皮膜を形成させた場合は、例えば、後述する無電解めっきにより亜鉛皮膜をニッケルに置換させた後、後述する電解めっきにより各種金属を析出させる、めっき処理を施すのが好ましい。
無電解めっき処理に用いるニッケルめっき液としては、市販品が幅広く使用でき、例えば、硫酸ニッケル30g/L、次亜リン酸ソーダ20g/L、クエン酸アンモニウム50g/Lを含む水溶液などが挙げられる。
また、ニッケル合金めっき液としては、りん化合物が還元剤となるNi-P合金めっき液やホウ素化合物が還元剤となるNi-Bメッキ液などが挙げられる。
このようなニッケルめっき液やニッケル合金めっき液への浸漬時間は15秒~10分であるのが好ましく、浸漬温度は30℃~90℃であるのが好ましい。
電解めっき処理として、例えば、Cuを電気めっきする場合のめっき液は、例えば、硫酸Cu60~110g/L、硫酸160~200g/Lおよび塩酸0.1~0.15mL/Lを純水に加え、さらに奥野製薬株式会社製 トップルチナSFベースWR 1.5~5.0mL/L、トップルチナSF-B 0.5~2.0mL/L及びトップルチナSFレベラー 3.0~10mL/Lを添加剤として加えためっき液が挙げられる。
このような銅めっき液への浸漬時間は、Cu膜の厚さによるため特に限定されないが、例えば、2μmのCu膜をつける場合は、電流密度2A/dmで約5分間浸漬するのが好ましく、浸漬温度は20℃~30℃であるのが好ましい。
本発明においては、上述した各処理の工程終了後には水洗を行うのが好ましい。水洗には、純水、井水、水道水等を用いることができる。処理液の次工程への持ち込みを防ぐためにニップ装置を用いてもよい。
周知のように、RtoRとは、長尺な原材料を巻回してなるロールから、原材料を引き出して、長手方向に搬送しつつ、表面処理等の各種の処理を行い、処理済の原材料を、再度、ロール状に巻回する製造方法である。
上述のようなアルミニウム基材に貫通孔を形成する製造方法は、RtoRによって、20μm程度の貫通孔を容易に効率よく形成することができる。
例えば、板状部材としてPETフィルム等の樹脂フィルムを用いる場合には、レーザー加工などのエネルギを吸収する加工方法、もしくはパンチング、針加工などの物理的接触による機械加工方法で貫通孔を形成することができる。
ここで、前述のとおり、本発明における吸音のメカニズムは、音が貫通孔を通過する際の摩擦による熱エネルギーへの変換である。そのため、貫通孔を通過する際の空気の局所速度が大きいほど吸音性能が高くなる。そのため、2以上の板状部材12を配列した構成の場合には、板状部材12同士は離間して配置されるのが好ましい。板状部材12同士は離間して配置されることによって、音の通過方向の前段に配置される板状部材12の影響で、後段に配置される板状部材12の貫通孔14を通過する際の局所速度が低下するのを抑制でき、より好適に吸音できる。
一方で、板状部材間の距離が近づくと、前段の板状部材の貫通孔での摩擦により低減した局所速度の影響が後段の板状部材での吸音に影響する。よって、適宜離した方が効率は向上する。
後段の板状部材12の貫通孔14を通過する際の局所速度が低下するのを好適に抑制する観点から、板状部材12同士の間の距離は、5mm以上100mm以下が好ましく、10mm~34mmがより好ましい。
一例として、図8に示す防音構造40は、複数の貫通孔14を有する板状部材12と、開口部を有し開口部の周縁部に板状部材12を固定する枠部材14を備える防音構造10を単位防音構造10とし、4つの単位防音構造10を面方向に配列した構成を有する。
例えば、図9A~図9Dに示すように、図9Aに示すような一枚の板状部材12bを、図9Bに示すような4つの開口部を有する枠部材14bに、4つの開口部を覆うように固定することによって、図9Cおよび図9Dに示すような、4つの単位防音構造を備える防音構造40としてもよい。即ち、複数の板状部材は、複数の枠部材を覆う1枚のシート状の板状部材によって構成されるものであっても良い。
その際、図10Aに示すように、防音構造40が配管50の開放端を完全には覆っていなくてもよく、図10Bに示すように、防音構造40が配管50の開放端を完全に覆っていてもよい。
[難燃性]
建材や機器内防音材として本発明の防音構造を持つ防音部材を使用する場合、難燃性であることが求められる。
そのため、板状部材は、難燃性のものが好ましい。板状部材として樹脂を用いる場合には、例えば難燃性のPETフィルムであるルミラー(登録商標)非ハロゲン難燃タイプZVシリーズ(東レ株式会社製)、テイジンテトロン(登録商標)UF(帝人株式会社製)、及び/又は難燃性ポリエステル系フィルムであるダイアラミー(登録商標)(三菱樹脂株式会社製)等を用いればよい。
また、アルミニウム等の金属素材を用いることによっても難燃性を付与することができる。
また、枠部材も、難燃性の材質であることが好ましく、アルミニウム等の金属、セミラックなどの無機材料、ガラス材料、難燃性ポリカーボネート(例えば、PCMUPY610(タキロン株式会社製))、及び/又はや難燃性アクリル(例えば、アクリライト(登録商標)FR1(三菱レイヨン株式会社製))などの難燃性プラスチックなどが挙げられる。
さらに、板状部材を枠部材に固定する方法も、難燃性接着剤(スリーボンド1537シリーズ(株式会社スリーボンド製))、半田による接着方法、又は2つの枠部材で板状部材を挟み固定するなどの機械的な固定方法が好ましい。
環境温度変化にともなう、本発明の防音構造の構造部材の膨張伸縮により防音特性が変化してしまう懸念があるため、この構造部材を構成する材質は、耐熱性、特に低熱収縮のものが好ましい。
板状部材は、例えばテイジンテトロン(登録商標)フィルム SLA(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製)、PENフィルム テオネックス(登録商標)(帝人デュポンフィルム株式会社製)、及び/又はルミラー(登録商標)オフアニール低収縮タイプ(東レ株式会社製)などを使用することが好ましい。また、一般にプラスチック材料よりも熱膨張率の小さいアルミニウム等の金属膜を用いることも好ましい。
また、枠部材は、ポリイミド樹脂(TECASINT4111(エンズィンガージャパン株式会社製))、及び/又はガラス繊維強化樹脂(TECAPEEK GF30(エンズィンガージャパン株式会社製))などの耐熱プラスチックを用いること、及び/又はアルミニウム等の金属、又はセラミック等の無機材料やガラス材料を用いることが好ましい。
さらに、接着剤も、耐熱接着剤(TB3732(株式会社スリーボンド製)、超耐熱1成分収縮型RTVシリコーン接着シール材(モメンティブ・パフォーマンス・マテリアルズ・ジャパン合同会社製)、及び/又は耐熱性無機接着剤アロンセラミック(登録商標)(東亞合成株式会社製)など)を用いることが好ましい。これら接着を板状部材または枠部材に塗布する際は、1μm以下の厚みにすることによって、膨張収縮量を低減できることが好ましい。
屋外や光が差す場所に本発明の防音構造を持つ防音部材が配置された場合、構造部材の耐侯性が問題となる。
そのため、板状部材は、特殊ポリオレフィンフィルム(アートプライ(登録商標)(三菱樹脂株式会社製))、アクリル樹脂フィルム(アクリプレン(三菱レイヨン株式会社製))、及び/又はスコッチカルフィルム(商標)(3M社製)等の耐侯性フィルムを用いることが好ましい。
また、枠部材は、ポリ塩化ビニル、ポリメチルメタクリル(アクリル)などの耐侯性が高いプラスチックやアルミニウム等の金属、セラミック等の無機材料、及び/又はガラス材料を用いることが好ましい。
さらに、接着剤も、エポキシ樹脂系のもの、及び/又はドライフレックス(リペアケアインターナショナル社製)などの耐侯性の高い接着剤を用いることが好ましい。
耐湿性についても、高い耐湿性を有する板状部材、枠部材、及び接着剤を適宜選択することが好ましい。吸水性、耐薬品性に関しても適切な板状部材、枠部材、及び接着剤を適宜選択することが好ましい。
長期間の使用においては、板状部材表面にゴミが付着し、本発明の防音構造の防音特性に影響を与える可能性がある。そのため、ゴミの付着を防ぐ、または付着したゴミ取り除くことが好ましい。
ゴミを防ぐ方法として、ゴミが付着し難い材質の板状部材を用いることが好ましい。例えば、導電性フィルム(フレクリア(登録商標)(TDK株式会社製)、及び/又はNCF(長岡産業株式会社製))などを用いることによって、板状部材が帯電しないことにより、帯電によるゴミの付着を防ぐことができる。また、フッ素樹脂フィルム(ダイノックフィルム(商標)(3M社製))、及び/又は親水性フィルム(ミラクリーン(ライフガード株式会社製)、RIVEX(リケンテクノス株式会社製)、及び/又はSH2CLHF(3M社製))を用いることでも、ゴミの付着を抑制できる。さらに、光触媒フィルム(ラクリーン(株式会社きもと製))を用いることでも、板状部材の汚れを防ぐことができる。これらの導電性、親水性、及び/又は光触媒性を有するスプレー、及び/又はフッ素化合物を含むスプレーを板状部材に塗布することでも同様の効果を得ることができる。
例えば、図27、及び図28にそれぞれ示す防音部材30a、及び30bのように、板状部材12上に所定の距離離間して板状部材を覆うようにカバー32を配置することによって、板状部材12上に直接風やゴミが当たらないようにできる。なお、カバーは少なくとも一部が枠に固定されるのが好ましい。また、大きな網目のメッシュなど隙間があるカバーは、スプレーのり等を用いて板状部材に直接張り付けて配置してもよい。これにより、板状部材が破けにくくなる。
付着したゴミを取り除く方法としては、板状部材の共鳴周波数の音を放射し、板状部材を強く振動させることによって、ゴミを取り除くことができる。また、ブロワー、又はふき取りを用いても同様の効果を得ることができる。
強い風が板状部材に当たることによって、板状部材が押された状態となり、共鳴周波数が変化する可能性がある。そのため、板状部材上に、不織布、ウレタン、及び/又はフィルムなどでカバーすることによって、風の影響を抑制することができる。上記のゴミの場合と同様に、図27、及び図28にそれぞれ示す防音部材30a、及び30bのように、板状部材12上にカバー32を設けて、板状部材12に直接風が当たらないように、配置することが好ましい。
また、上述のとおり、複数の単位防音構造(単位ユニットセル)を有する構成とする場合には、複数の枠部材が連続した1つの枠体によって構成されている構成であっても良いし、1つの枠部材とそれに取り付けられた1枚の板状部材とを持つ単位防音構造を複数有する構成であってもよい。即ち、本発明の防音構造を有する防音部材は、必ずしも1つの連続した枠体によって構成されている必要はなく、単位ユニットセルとして枠構造とそれに取り付けられた板状部材とを持つ防音セルであっても良く、このような単位ユニットセルを独立に使用する、もしくは複数の単位ユニットセルを連結させて使用することもできる。
複数の単位ユニットセルの連結の方法としては、後述するが、枠体部にマジックテープ(登録商標)、磁石、ボタン、吸盤、及び/又は凹凸部を取り付けて組み合わせてもよいし、テープなどを用いて複数の単位ユニットセルを連結させることもできる。
本発明の防音構造を有する防音部材を壁等に簡易に取り付け、又はり取外しできるようにするため、防音部材に磁性体、マジックテープ(登録商標)、ボタン、吸盤などからなる脱着機構が取り付けられていることが好ましい。例えば、図29に示すように、防音部材30cの枠体の外側の枠部材16の底面に脱着機構36を取付けて置き、防音部材30cに取り付けられた脱着機構36を壁38に取付けて、防音部材30cを壁38に取り付けるようにしても良いし、図30に示すように、防音部材30cに取り付けられた脱着機構36を壁38から取り外して、防音部材30cを壁38から離脱させるようにしても良い。
また、防音セルに凹凸部を設け、例えば図32に示すように、防音セル31dに凸部42aを設け、かつ防音セル31eに凹部42bを設け、それらの凸部42aと凹部42bとをかみ合わせで防音セル31dと防音セル31eとの脱着を行ってもよい。複数の防音セルを組み合わせることができれば、1つの防音セルに凸部及び凹部の両方を設けても良い。
更に、上述した図31に示す脱着機構41と、図32に示す凹凸部、凸部42a及び凹部42bとを組み合わせて防音セルの着脱を行うようにしても良い。
本発明の防音構造を有する防音部材のサイズが大きくなるにつれ、枠部材が振動しやすくなり、板状部材の振動に対し固定端としての機能が低下する。そのため、枠部材の高さを増して枠剛性を高めることが好ましい。しかし、枠部材の高さを増すと防音部材の質量が増し、軽量である本防音部材の利点が低下していく。
そのため、高い剛性を維持したまま質量の増加を低減するために、枠部材に孔や溝を形成することが好ましい。例えば、図33に示す防音セル44の枠部材46に対して、図34に側面図として示すようにトラス構造を用いることによって、又は図35に示す防音セル48の枠部材49に対して、図36にA-A線矢視図として示すようにラーメン構造を用いることによって、高い剛性かつ軽量を両立することができる。
こうすることにより、高剛性化と軽量化を両立することができる。
なお、上述した図27~図39においては、各板状部材12に形成される貫通孔の図示は省略している。
このように、本発明の防音構造をパーティションとして用いることにより、間仕切りした空間の間で音を好適に遮蔽することができる。また、特に可動式のパーティションの場合には、薄く軽い本発明の構造は、持ち運び容易なためメリットが大きい。
あるいは、騒音防止用に、騒音源となる機器、たとえばエアコン室外機や給湯器等を囲むケージとして用いることもできる。本部材によって騒音源を囲むことによって、放熱性や通気性を確保したまま音を吸収し、騒音を防ぐことができる。
また、ペット飼育用のケージに用いてもよい。ペット飼育のケージの全てまたは一部に本発明の部材を適用し、例えばペットケージの一面を本部材で置き換えることによって、軽量かつ音響吸収効果のあるペットケージとすることができる。このケージを用いることによって、ケージ内にいるペットを外の騒音から守ることができ、また、ケージ内にいるペットの鳴き声が外に漏れるのを抑制できる。
例えば、本発明の防音構造を持つ防音部材としては、
建材用防音部材:建材用として使用する防音部材、
空気調和設備用防音部材:換気口、空調用ダクトなどに設置し、外部からの騒音を防ぐ防音部材、
外部開口部用防音部材:部屋の窓に設置し、室内又は室外からの騒音を防ぐ防音部材、
天井用防音部材:室内の天井に設置され、室内の音響を制御する防音部材、
床用防音部材:床に設置され、室内の音響を制御する防音部材、
内部開口部用防音部材:室内のドア、ふすまの部分に設置され、各部屋からの騒音を防ぐ防音部材、
トイレ用防音部材:トイレ内またはドア(室内外)部に設置、トイレからの騒音を防ぐ防音部材、
バルコニー用防音部材:バルコニーに設置し、自分のバルコニーまたは隣のバルコニーからの騒音を防ぐ防音部材、
室内調音用部材:部屋の音響を制御するための防音部材、
簡易防音室部材:簡易に組み立て可能で、移動も簡易な防音部材、
ペット用防音室部材:ペットの部屋を囲い、騒音を防ぐ防音部材、
アミューズメント施設:ゲームセンター、スポーツセンター、コンサートホール、映画館に設置される防音部材、
工事現場用仮囲い用の防音部材:工事現場を多い周囲に騒音の漏れを防ぐ防音部材、
トンネル用の防音部材:トンネル内に設置し、トンネル内部および外部に漏れる騒音を防ぐ防音部材、等を挙げることができる。
<複数の貫通孔を有する板状部材の作製>
平均厚さ20μm、大きさ210mm×297mm(A4サイズ)のアルミニウム基材(JIS H-4160、合金番号:1N30-H、アルミニウム純度:99.30%)の表面に、以下に示す処理を施し、複数の貫通孔を有する板状部材を作製した。
50℃に保温した電解液(硝酸濃度10g/L、硫酸濃度6g/L、アルミニウム濃度4.5g/L、流量0.3m/s)を用いて、上記アルミニウム基材を陰極として、電気量総和が1000C/dm2の条件下で20秒間、電解処理を施し、アルミニウム基材に水酸化アルミ皮膜を形成した。なお、電解処理は、直流電源で行った。電流密度は、50A/dm2とした。
水酸化アルミニウム皮膜形成後、スプレーによる水洗を行った。
次いで、50℃に保温した電解液(硝酸濃度10g/L、硫酸濃度6g/L、アルミニウム濃度4.5g/L、流量0.3m/s)を用いて、アルミニウム基材を陽極として、電気量総和が600C/dm2の条件下で24秒間、電解処理を施し、アルミニウム基材及び水酸化アルミ皮膜に貫通孔を形成した。なお、電解処理は、直流電源で行った。電流密度は、25A/dm2とした。
貫通孔の形成後、スプレーによる水洗を行い、乾燥させた。
次いで、電解溶解処理後のアルミニウム基材を、水酸化ナトリウム濃度50g/L、アルミニウムイオン濃度3g/Lの水溶液(液温35℃)中に32秒間浸漬させた後、硝酸濃度10g/L、アルミニウムイオン濃度4.5g/Lの水溶液(液温50℃)中に40秒間浸漬させることにより、水酸化アルミニウム皮膜を溶解し、除去した。
その後、スプレーによる水洗を行い、乾燥させることにより、貫通孔を有する板状部材を作製した。
作製した板状部材の貫通孔の平均開口径および平均開口率を測定したところ、平均開口径24μm、平均開口率5.3%であった。
結果を図11に示す。
また、貫通孔の内壁面のSEM写真を撮影したものを図12に示す。
図11および図12より、貫通孔の内壁面が粗面化されていることがわかる。また、Raは、0.18(μm)であった。この場合の比表面積は49.6%であった。
25mm×25mmの開口を有し、外形60mm×60mm、高さ3mmのアクリル製の枠部材を準備した。
作製した貫通孔を有する板状部材を60mm×60mmの大きさに切り取り、日東電工製両面テープを用いて、板状部材で開口の一方の端面を覆って板状部材の端を枠部材に固定し、防音構造を作製した。
<音響特性>
作製した防音構造の音響特性を、自作のアクリル製音響管に4本のマイクを用いて伝達関数法により測定した。この手法は「ASTM E2611-09: Standard Test Method for Measurement of Normal Incidence Sound Transmission of Acoustical Materials Based on the Transfer Matrix Method」に従う。この測定法は、例えば、日本音響エンジニアリング株式会社が提供しているWinZacを用いた4本マイク測定法と同一の測定原理である。この方法で広いスペクトル帯域において音響透過損失を測定することができる。特に、透過率と反射率を同時に測定し、吸収率を1-(透過率+反射率)として求めることによって、サンプルの吸収率も正確に測定した。100Hz~4000Hzの範囲で音響透過損失測定を行った。音響管の内径は40mmであり、4000Hz以上までは十分に測定することができる。
透過率および吸収率を測定した結果を図13に示す。また、表3に、平均開口径、平均開口率および開口部のサイズ(表2においては「開口サイズ」とする)、ならびに、第一固有振動周波数、第一固有振動周波数における吸収率、低周波の代表値として200Hzにおける吸収率および第一固有振動周波数以下の平均吸収率を示す。なお、第一固有振動周波数以下の平均吸収率は、200Hzから第一固有振動周波数までの吸収率の平均値である。また、表2には、後述する実施例2~9および比較例1、2の結果も示している。
また、第一固有振動周波数より高周波側でも吸収率は40%以上の高い状態が続いていることがわかる。さらに、第一固有振動周波数以下では音の反射がほとんどなくなり、音響エネルギーのほぼ全てが吸収と透過に分配されることも明らかになった。
枠部材の開口をそれぞれ20mm、15mmとした以外は、実施例1と同様にして防音構造を作製した。
作製した各防音構造について、実施例1と同様にして音響特性を測定した。実施例2の測定結果を図14に示し、実施例3の測定結果を図15に示す。また、表2に、平均開口径、平均開口率および開口部のサイズ、ならびに、第一固有振動周波数、第一固有振動周波数における吸収率、低周波の代表値として200Hzにおける吸収率および第一固有振動周波数以下の平均吸収率を示す。
また、実施例1~3の対比から、枠部材の開口部のサイズが小さくなるほど、第一固有振動周波数は高周波側に現れることがわかる。
国際公開WO2016/060037号、および、国際公開WO2016/017380号を参考にして、条件を変更して作製した平均開口径51μmおよび平均開口率18.7%の貫通孔を有する板状部材を用いた以外は、それぞれ実施例1~3と同様にして防音構造を作製した。
作製した各防音構造について、実施例1と同様にして音響特性を測定した。吸音率の測定結果を図16に示す。また、表2に、平均開口径、平均開口率および開口部のサイズ、ならびに、第一固有振動周波数、第一固有振動周波数における吸収率、低周波の代表値として200Hzにおける吸収率および第一固有振動周波数以下の平均吸収率を示す。
本発明の吸収の原理は貫通孔における摩擦熱による吸音と考えられるため、貫通孔内での音響局所速度を大きくすることが重要となる。平均開口率が大きい場合は多数の貫通孔に音がそれぞれ向かってしまうために平均開口率が小さい場合の方が局所速度を大きくする上で優位である。また、平均開口径が小さい場合は、貫通孔面積に対する貫通孔の縁部の長さの割合が大きくなるため、局所速度を縁部で摩擦熱に変換する上で優位である。
国際公開WO2016/060037号、および、国際公開WO2016/017380号を参考にして、条件を変更して作製した平均開口径28μmおよび平均開口率11.9%の貫通孔を有する板状部材を用いた以外は、それぞれ実施例1~3と同様にして防音構造を作製した。
作製した各防音構造について、実施例1と同様にして音響特性を測定した。吸音率の測定結果を図17に示す。また、表2に、平均開口径、平均開口率および開口部のサイズ、ならびに、第一固有振動周波数、第一固有振動周波数における吸収率、低周波の代表値として200Hzにおける吸収率および第一固有振動周波数以下の平均吸収率を示す。
実施例1の防音構造を2つ、板状部材間の距離が10mmとなるようにして、厚さ方向に配列し防音構造を作製した。
作製した各防音構造について、実施例1と同様にして音響特性を測定した。吸音率の測定結果を図18に示す。
図18から、防音構造1つの場合よりも吸収率が向上していることがわかる。
板状部材として、貫通孔を空けていない厚さ20μmのアルミニウム基材を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして防音構造を作製した。
作製した各防音構造について、実施例1と同様にして音響特性を測定した。吸音率および透過率の測定結果を図19に示す。また、表2に、開口部のサイズ、ならびに、第一固有振動周波数、第一固有振動周波数における吸収率、低周波の代表値として200Hzにおける吸収率および第一固有振動周波数以下の平均吸収率を示す。
また、比較例1は、実施例3と比較すると、第一固有振動周波数においても吸収率が小さく、さらに低周波側の吸収率に大きく差があることが分かる。また、高周波側の吸収率にも差があり、微小な貫通孔のある実施例3の方が広帯域の吸音として機能していることが分かる。
さらに、比較例1と実施例3とを比較すると、実施例3においては平均開口率が5.3%の貫通孔が存在するにもかかわらず、第一固有振動周波数には大きな違いはないということが分かる。よって、設計としては所望の性能に応じて第一固有振動周波数を決定し、この第一固有振動周波数に応じて、板状部材単体の材質、厚み、および、枠部材のサイズ(開口部のサイズ)等を検討して、実際の実験で貫通孔を有する板状部材を用いるという簡易な設計を行うことができる。
板状部材として、中央にポンチで直径4mmの貫通孔を形成した厚さ20μmのアルミニウム基材を用いた以外は、実施例3と同様にして防音構造を作製した。枠部材の開口の面積に対する貫通孔の面積の割合(開口率)は5.6%となり、実施例3と非常に近い開口率となる。
作製した各防音構造について、実施例1と同様にして音響特性を測定した。吸音率および透過率の測定結果を図20に示す。また、表2に、平均開口径、平均開口率および開口部のサイズ、ならびに、第一固有振動周波数、第一固有振動周波数における吸収率、低周波の代表値として200Hzにおける吸収率および第一固有振動周波数以下の平均吸収率を示す。
この結果から、大きな貫通孔では広帯域の吸収率を得ることは難しく、微細な貫通孔を多数形成する本発明の防音構造とは特徴が異なることが分かる。
また、上記実施例においては、板状部材の材質としてアルミニウム基材を用いたが、本発明の防音構造の吸音のメカニズムから、板状部材の材質としてアルミニウム以外の材料を用いた場合でも同様の効果が得られるのは明らかである。例えば、板状部材の他の材料としてPETフィルムを用い、PETフィルムにレーザーにより貫通孔を形成したフィルムを用いて防音構造を作製して同様に吸収率の測定を行ったところ、同様の効果が得られることを確認した。
実施例11として、板状部材の作製条件を変更して平均開口径46.5μm、平均開口率7.3%の貫通孔を有する板状部材とし、枠部材の開口部の大きさを50mm×50mmとし、高さを5mmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして防音構造を作製した。
なお、吸音材は、富士ゴム産業株式会社製の軟質ウレタンフォームU0016を用いた。また、吸音材の大きさは開口部の大きさに合わせて、50mm×50mm×20mmとし、板状部材との間が2mm離間するように配置した。吸音材は枠部材からはみ出すように配置される。
作製した各防音構造について、音響管の内径を80mmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして吸収率を測定した。測定結果を図43に示す。
また、実施例11と実施例12との対比から、開口部内に吸音材を配置することで広い周波数帯で吸収率が高くなることがわかる。
実施例13として、枠部材の開口部の大きさを25mm×25mmとした以外は実施例11と同様にして防音構造を作製した。
なお、吸音材は、富士ゴム産業株式会社製の軟質ウレタンフォームU0016を用いた。また、吸音材の大きさは開口部の大きさに合わせて、25mm×25mm×20mmとし、板状部材との間が1mm離間するように配置した。
作製した各防音構造について実施例1と同様にして吸収率を測定した。測定結果を図44に示す。
また、実施例13と実施例14との対比から、開口部内に吸音材を配置することで広い周波数帯で吸収率が高くなることがわかる。
実施例15として、板状部材の作製条件を変更して平均開口径16.4μm、平均開口率2.8%の貫通孔を有する板状部材とした以外は実施例13と同様にして防音構造を作製した。
なお、吸音材は、実施例14と同様の吸音材を用いた。
作製した各防音構造について、実施例1と同様にして吸収率を測定した。測定結果を図45に示す。
また、実施例15と実施例13とを対比すると、実施例15は、吸収率の揺れ(周波数ごとの吸収率の差)が大きい。これは実施例15は平均開口率が小さいため、相対的に膜振動の影響が大きくなるためである。
また、実施例15と実施例16との対比から、開口部内に吸音材を配置することで広い周波数帯で吸収率が高くなることがわかる。また、吸収率の揺れを小さくできることがわかる。
実施例17として、板状部材の材料をニッケルとし、平均開口径19.5μm、平均開口率6.2%の貫通孔を有する板状部材とした以外は、実施例11と同様にして防音構造を作製した。
まず、シリコン基板に対してフォトリソグラフィーによるエッチング法を用いて、シリコン基板の表面に直径19.5μmの円柱形状の凸部を複数、所定の配列パターンで形成した。隣接する凸部間の中心間距離は70μmとし、配列パターンは、正方格子配列とした。このとき、凸部の占める面積割合は約6%となる。
次に、ニッケル電鋳法を用いて、凸部を形成したシリコン基板を原型としてニッケルをシリコン基板に電着させて厚み20μmのニッケル膜を形成した。その後、ニッケル膜をシリコン基板から剥離して、表面研磨を行った。これにより複数の貫通孔が正方格子配列で形成されたニッケル製の板状部材を作製した。
作製した板状部材をSEMを用いて評価したところ、平均開口径19.5μm、平均開口率6.2μm、厚み20μmであった。また、貫通孔が板状部材を厚み方向に完全に貫通していることも確認した。
図46から、板状部材の材料をニッケルとした場合でも吸音性能を発揮できることがわかる。これは本発明の防音構造は板状部材に微細な貫通孔を複数形成されていることによって機能するため、板状部材の材料によらず効果を発揮できるためである。
以上より本発明の効果は明らかである。
<視認性>
次に、実施例1で作製したアルミニウム膜と、実施例17で作製したニッケル膜について貫通孔の視認性の評価を行った。
具体的には、図47に示すように、板状部材12を厚み5mmのアクリル板T上に載置し、アクリル板Tの主面から板状部材12とは反対方向に垂直に50cm離間した位置に点光源L(Nexus5(LGエレクトロニクス社製)の白色ライト)を配置した。また、板状部材12の主面から垂直に30cm離間した位置にカメラC(iPhone5s(Apple社製))を配置した。
次に、カメラで透過光を撮影した。撮影された結果は目視の場合と同様のものであることを確認した。
図48には、ニッケル膜の撮影結果を示し、図49には、アルミニウム膜の撮影結果を示す。
前述のとおり、実施例17で作製したニッケル膜においては、貫通孔が規則的に配列されている。そのため、図48に示すように、光の回折により虹色に広がりが見えてしまう。一方、実施例1で作製したアルミニウム膜においては、貫通孔がランダムに配列されている。そのため、図49に示すように、光の回折がなく白色光源がそのまま見える。
前述のとおり、本発明者らは、本発明の防音構造の吸音の原理が、微細貫通孔を音が通過する際の摩擦であると推察した。
そのため、板状部材の微細貫通孔の平均開口径と平均開口率を、摩擦が強まるように最適設計することが吸収率を大きくするために重要である。なぜならば、特に高周波領域では、膜振動も小さくなるために枠部材に取り付けた影響は大きくなく、貫通孔+板状部材自体の吸音特性で音を吸収していると考えられるからである。
そのために、微細貫通孔による摩擦熱に関してシミュレーションを行った。
まず、実験との比較として実施例1で用いた貫通孔を有する板状部材単体に関して、実施例1で用いた音響管に緩く固定することによって板状部材としての吸収率を測定した。すなわち、枠部材に取り付けることなしにできるだけ固定端の影響を小さくなるようにして板状部材自体の評価を行うようにした。吸収率の測定結果を図21に参考例として示した。
シミュレーションでは、アルミニウムの物性値としてCOMSOLのライブラリの値を用いて、貫通孔内を熱音響モジュールで計算するようにし、膜振動と貫通孔内摩擦による吸音を計算した。シミュレーション上で、板状部材の端部はローラ固定とすることによって板状部材が板状部材平面に垂線方向には自由に動くようにし、板状部材単体の系を再現するようにした。結果を図21にシミュレーションとして示した。
この結果によりシミュレーションが実験結果を再現することを担保できた。
また、吸収率の大きくなる平均開口率の範囲は最適な平均開口率を中心にしてなだらかに広がっていることが分かる。
貫通孔の平均開口径が小さいときは、最適な平均開口率は板状部材の厚みによって異なるが、貫通孔の平均開口径が100μm程度以上では0.5%~1.0%という、非常に小さい平均開口率が最適値となる。
上記、貫通孔の平均開口径に対する最適な平均開口率で、平均開口径が100μm以下の場合の計算を詳細に行った。厚み10μm、20μm、30μm、50μm、70μmのそれぞれに関して、貫通孔の平均開口径ごとの最適な平均開口率を示した結果を図25に両対数グラフで示した。グラフより、最適な平均開口率は貫通孔の平均開口径に対して、ほぼ-1.6乗で変化することを発見した。
rho_center=a×phi-1.6としたときに、
a=2+0.25×tで決定されることを明らかにした。
このようにして、特に貫通孔の平均開口径が小さい場合には最適な平均開口率は板状部材厚と貫通孔の平均開口径によって決定される。
どの平均開口径においても、吸収率が大きくなる平均開口率の範囲は最適な平均開口率の周辺に広がっている。特徴として、貫通孔の平均開口径が小さい方が吸収率が大きくなる平均開口率の範囲が広い範囲に渡っている。また、最適な平均開口率よりも高い平均開口率側の方が、吸収率が大きくなる平均開口率の範囲が広い。
rho_center-0.085×(phi/20)-2
が下限の平均開口率であり、
rho_center+0.35×(phi/20)-2
が上限の平均開口率の範囲に入ることが必要である。ただし、平均開口率は0より大きく1より小さい範囲に制限される。
rho_center-0.24×(phi/10)-2
が下限の平均開口率であり、
rho_center+0.57×(phi/10)-2
が上限の平均開口率となる範囲であることが望ましい。ここで、できるだけ誤差を小さくするために、貫通の平均開口径の基準を10μmとした。
rho_center-0.185×(phi/10)-2
が下限の平均開口率であり、
rho_center+0.34×(phi/10)-2
が上限の平均開口率となる範囲であることがさらに望ましい。
以上のように、シミュレーションを用いて、貫通孔内の摩擦による吸音現象の特徴を明らかにした。
11 アルミニウム基材
12、12b 板状部材
13 水酸化アルミニウム皮膜
14、14b 貫通孔
16、46、49、56 枠部材
24 吸音材
30a~30e、53 防音部材
31a~31e、44、48、54 防音セル
32 カバー
36、41 着脱機構
38 壁
42a 凸部
42b 凹部
50 配管
52 騒音源
58 枠体
58a 枠体の両外側、及び中央の枠材
58b その他の部分の枠材
Claims (18)
- 厚み方向に貫通する複数の貫通孔を有する板状部材と、開口部を有する枠部材とを備え、前記枠部材の開口部周縁に対して前記板状部材を固定することによって、前記板状部材が膜振動し得る防音構造であって、
前記貫通孔の平均開口径が0.1μm以上250μm以下であり、
前記板状部材の膜振動の第一固有振動周波数が10Hz~100000Hzの間に存在することを特徴とする防音構造。 - 前記貫通孔の平均開口径が0.1μm以上100μm未満であり、
前記平均開口径をphi(μm)、前記板状部材の厚みをt(μm)としたときに、前記貫通孔の平均開口率rhoが rho_center=(2+0.25×t)×phi-1.6を中心として、rho_center-(0.085×(phi/20)-2)を下限として、rho_center+(0.35×(phi/20)-2)を上限とする範囲に前記平均開口率rhoが入る請求項1に記載の防音構造。 - 前記貫通孔の平均開口径が100μm以上250μm以下であり、
前記貫通孔の平均開口率が0.5%から1.0%の間である請求項1に記載の防音構造。 - 前記板状部材の膜振動における第一固有振動周波数±100Hzの周波数において吸収率が極小となる請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造。
- 前記枠部材の前記開口部のサイズが吸音対象とする音の中で最大の波長よりも小さい請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造。
- 複数の前記板状部材が厚さ方向に配列されている請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造。
- 前記貫通孔の前記内壁面の表面粗さRaが0.1μm~10.0μmである請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造。
- 前記貫通孔の内壁面が複数の粒子状形状で形成され、前記内壁面に形成された凸部の平均粒径が0.1μm~10.0μmである請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造。
- 前記板状部材の形成材料が金属である請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造。
- 前記板状部材の形成材料がアルミニウムである請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造。
- 前記複数の貫通孔がランダムに配列されている請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造。
- 前記複数の貫通孔は、2種以上の異なる開口径の貫通孔からなる請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造。
- 請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造を単位防音構造とし、複数の単位防音構造を有する防音構造。
- 前記貫通孔の平均開口径が0.1μm以上50μm以下である請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造。
- 少なくとも一部の前記貫通孔の形状が、前記貫通孔の内部で最大径となる形状である請求項1~14のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造。
- 請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造を有する仕切り構造。
- 請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造を有する窓部材。
- 請求項1~15のいずれか一項に記載の防音構造を有するケージ。
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JP6677800B2 (ja) | 2020-04-08 |
CN108780640B (zh) | 2023-06-09 |
EP3438969B1 (en) | 2022-04-06 |
JPWO2017170315A1 (ja) | 2019-01-17 |
EP3438969A4 (en) | 2019-05-22 |
CN108780640A (zh) | 2018-11-09 |
US11155993B2 (en) | 2021-10-26 |
US20190017259A1 (en) | 2019-01-17 |
EP3438969A1 (en) | 2019-02-06 |
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