WO2017169046A1 - 同期リニアモータ - Google Patents
同期リニアモータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017169046A1 WO2017169046A1 PCT/JP2017/002697 JP2017002697W WO2017169046A1 WO 2017169046 A1 WO2017169046 A1 WO 2017169046A1 JP 2017002697 W JP2017002697 W JP 2017002697W WO 2017169046 A1 WO2017169046 A1 WO 2017169046A1
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- moving direction
- mover
- linear motor
- permanent magnets
- synchronous linear
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
- H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
- H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
- H02K41/031—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors of the permanent magnet type
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
- H02K1/146—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of a generally annular yoke with salient poles
- H02K1/148—Sectional cores
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/16—Stator cores with slots for windings
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
- H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
- H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
- H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
- H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
- H02K1/278—Surface mounted magnets; Inset magnets
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/02—Details
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K29/00—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
- H02K29/03—Motors or generators having non-mechanical commutating devices, e.g. discharge tubes or semiconductor devices with a magnetic circuit specially adapted for avoiding torque ripples or self-starting problems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
- H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
- H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K41/00—Propulsion systems in which a rigid body is moved along a path due to dynamo-electric interaction between the body and a magnetic field travelling along the path
- H02K41/02—Linear motors; Sectional motors
- H02K41/03—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors
- H02K41/031—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors of the permanent magnet type
- H02K41/033—Synchronous motors; Motors moving step by step; Reluctance motors of the permanent magnet type with armature and magnets on one member, the other member being a flux distributor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2201/00—Specific aspects not provided for in the other groups of this subclass relating to the magnetic circuits
- H02K2201/03—Machines characterised by aspects of the air-gap between rotor and stator
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a synchronous linear motor including a stator and a mover facing the stator.
- linear motors are used in machine tools and semiconductor manufacturing apparatuses.
- the linear motor is used in direct drive for driving the apparatus without using a transmission. Therefore, compared to a drive system that converts a rotation mechanism that combines a rotary servo motor and a ball screw into a linear motion, high response can be realized without a decrease in rigidity due to the backlash of the ball screw. For this reason, high speed, high acceleration, and high precision positioning by a linear motor are possible.
- a conventional linear motor includes a stator and a movable element that faces the stator with a certain gap and moves relative to the stator.
- the mover is configured by winding a coil around each tooth of a plurality of divided cores made of a magnetic material.
- the stator has an iron core made of a magnetic material and a permanent magnet that is magnetized in the gap direction.
- the permanent magnet is arranged at a constant distance along the moving direction of the mover. Moreover, the magnetization directions of adjacent permanent magnets are different from each other.
- the conveyance device having the linear motor described above is likely to increase in cost because the number of permanent magnets increases as the moving distance of the mover increases.
- the permanent magnets conventionally arranged on the stator are arranged on the teeth of the split core of the mover.
- a linear motor configured by a mover configured by winding a coil around a split core and a stator having an iron core having salient poles (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
- auxiliary split cores in which permanent magnets are arranged and coils are not wound are arranged on both ends in the moving direction of the mover. Furthermore, the shape of the permanent magnet arranged in the auxiliary divided core is different from the shape of the permanent magnet arranged in the divided core around which the coil is wound. Further, the length of the gap between the auxiliary split core and the stator is different from the length of the gap between the split core around which the coil is wound and the stator. With these configurations, the cogging thrust generated between the permanent magnet and the core of the mover is reduced.
- the auxiliary split cores arranged on both ends in the moving direction of the mover increase the size of the mover that represents the volume of the mover, and the stroke that is the movable range of the mover in the moving direction is reduced. was there.
- the mass of the mover is increased by the amount of the auxiliary split core, and the thrust density, which is a value obtained by dividing the thrust of the linear motor by the mass of the mover, is reduced.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and suppresses a decrease in stroke due to an increase in the size of the mover and a decrease in thrust density due to an increase in the mass of the mover.
- An object is to obtain a synchronous linear motor that reduces cogging thrust.
- the synchronous linear motor according to the present invention is A stator having a base and a plurality of salient poles protruding from the base and made of a magnetic material; And a mover arranged to face a plurality of salient poles through a gap, The plurality of salient poles are spaced apart from each other along the moving direction of the mover,
- the mover has a core made of a magnetic material, a plurality of coils, and a plurality of permanent magnets arranged along the moving direction.
- the core includes a core back and a plurality of teeth protruding from the core back toward the salient pole and arranged along the moving direction,
- the plurality of coils are wound at least on the teeth on both ends in the moving direction,
- the plurality of permanent magnets are arranged along the protruding direction of the teeth at the center of the teeth,
- the polarity of the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet is the same as the polarity of the opposing magnetic pole in the adjacent permanent magnet,
- the number of different shapes in the plurality of permanent magnets or the number of different magnetic properties in the plurality of permanent magnets has two or more.
- the auxiliary split cores are not arranged at both ends in the moving direction of the mover, so that the stroke density decreases due to the increase in the mover's physique and the thrust density due to the increase in the mass of the mover. Reduction can be suppressed. Further, since the number of different shapes in the plurality of permanent magnets or the number of different magnetic characteristics in the plurality of permanent magnets is two or more, the phase of the cogging thrust generated in the core can be changed, and the mover The generated cogging thrust can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 It is a perspective view which shows the synchronous linear motor in Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is sectional drawing perpendicular
- FIG. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a synchronous linear motor according to Embodiment 1 for carrying out the present invention.
- the synchronous linear motor 101 includes a mover 2 and a stator 3.
- the movable element 2 of the synchronous linear motor 101 is supported by a slider or the like (not shown). For this reason, the mover 2 is movable relative to the stator 3 along the moving direction A.
- the stacking direction B is a direction perpendicular to the moving direction A of the mover 2 and the protruding direction of the teeth 7.
- the mover 2 includes six divided cores 4 made of a magnetic material formed by laminating electromagnetic steel plates along the lamination direction B and configured as a laminated iron core, and six permanent cores respectively disposed on the six divided cores 4. It has a magnet 5 and six coils 6 wound around six divided cores 4 respectively.
- the six permanent magnets 5 are arranged along the moving direction A.
- the six divided cores 4 are arranged along the moving direction A to form a core 14 made of a magnetic material. That is, the mover 2 has a core 14 made of a magnetic material, a plurality of coils 6, and a plurality of permanent magnets 5 arranged along the moving direction A.
- the core 14 is composed of a plurality of divided cores 4 arranged along the moving direction A.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the laminating direction of the electromagnetic steel plates in the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment. That is, FIG. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view along the moving direction A perpendicular to the stacking direction B of FIG. 1, and so on.
- a synchronous linear motor 101 is opposed to a plurality of salient poles 11 via a stator 10 having a base 10 and a plurality of salient poles 11 protruding from the base 10 and made of a magnetic material, and gaps g that are gaps.
- the mover 2 is arranged.
- the gap g represents the shortest distance between the mover 2 and the stator 3 and is constant along the moving direction A.
- the synchronous linear motor 101 is a wound magnet movable element type synchronous linear motor in which a coil 6 as a winding and a permanent magnet 5 are arranged on the movable element 2.
- the plurality of salient poles 11 are arranged at predetermined intervals from each other along the moving direction A of the mover 2.
- each of the six divided cores 4 includes a core back 8 and teeth 7 that protrude from the core back 8 toward the salient poles 11 of the stator 3. That is, the core 14 includes a core back 8 and a plurality of teeth 7 that protrude from the core back 8 toward the salient pole 11 and are arranged along the moving direction A.
- the core 14 is divided at the core back 8 between the adjacent teeth 7.
- symbols (1) to (6) are assigned to the divided cores 4 in order from the left side in the moving direction A for convenience.
- the split core 4 is further divided into two at the center of the teeth 7 and the core back 8, and has two half-split cores 4-1.
- the six divided cores 4 are composed of twelve half-divided cores 4-1.
- the half-divided core 4-1 is composed of a half core back 8 and a half tooth 7 which are divided into left and right at the center of the width in the moving direction A.
- the core backs 8 are in contact with the core backs 8 of the adjacent split cores 4 on a plane perpendicular to the moving direction A, and are fixed to each other by welding or the like.
- the six teeth 7 are each intensively wound one by one through an insulating member such as an insulator (not shown) to form six coils. That is, the plurality of coils 6 are wound at least around the teeth 7 on both ends in the moving direction A.
- the core back 8 in one half-divided core 4-1 of the divided core 4 and the core back 8 in the other half-divided core 4-1 of the adjacent divided core 4 are connected. May be integrated. That is, the core 14 is divided at the teeth 7.
- one half-divided core 4-1 of the divided core 4 and the other half-divided core 4-1 of the adjacent divided core 4 are units of a new divided core.
- the half-divided cores 4-1 of the adjacent divided cores 4 can be connected to each other, so that the positioning accuracy in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction A and the stacking direction B of the teeth 7 of the adjacent half-divided cores 4-1 is improved.
- the dimensional accuracy of the gap g can be improved and the thrust of the synchronous linear motor 101 can be suppressed from varying.
- the core back 8 in one half-divided core 4-1 of the divided core 4 and the core back 8 in the other half-divided core 4-1 of the same divided core 4 are composed of permanent magnets 5.
- the leakage magnetic flux may be integrated so as not to increase.
- the teeth 7 in one half-divided core 4-1 of the divided core 4 and the teeth 7 in the other half-divided core 4-1 of the same divided core 4 cause leakage of the permanent magnet 5.
- the tip portion on the side opposite to the core back 8 side may be connected and integrated so that the magnetic flux does not increase.
- the half-divided cores 4-1 of the same divided core 4 can be connected to each other, positioning accuracy in the direction perpendicular to the moving direction A and the stacking direction B of the teeth 7 of the half-divided core 4-1 is improved.
- the dimensional accuracy of g can be improved and the thrust of the synchronous linear motor 101 can be suppressed from varying.
- the force in the moving direction A applied from the half-divided core 4-1 to the permanent magnet 5 is dispersed and reduced in the portion where the half-divided cores 4-1 are connected.
- the six permanent magnets 5 are arranged in the center of the tooth 7 along the protruding direction of the tooth 7.
- the magnetization direction 9 of the permanent magnet 5 arranged on the split core 4 is along the moving direction A. And it is magnetized so that the polarity of the opposing magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 5 arrange
- the magnetic poles of the permanent magnet 5 are both end faces in the magnetization direction 9 of the permanent magnet 5, and the magnetic poles on one end face in the direction indicated by the arrow of the magnetization direction 9 have the polarity of the N pole,
- the magnetic pole on the other end surface has the polarity of the S pole.
- the thickness of the permanent magnet 5 disposed on the split core 4 located on both ends in the moving direction A is hm1
- the thickness of the permanent magnet 5 disposed on the second split core 4 from both ends in the moving direction A is hm2.
- the thickness of the permanent magnet 5 arranged on the third divided core 4 from both ends in the moving direction A is hm3, hm1 ⁇ hm2.
- hm1 hm3. That is, the number of different shapes in the plurality of permanent magnets 5 is two.
- the difference between hm1 and hm2 is shown more emphasized than in FIG. 1 in order to visually clarify the difference between hm1 and hm2.
- the two permanent magnets 5 having a thickness of hm1 are the split cores 4 at positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the width in the moving direction A of the mover 2 (1) and the teeth 7 of (6).
- the two permanent magnets 5 having a thickness of hm2 are the split cores 4 at positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the width in the moving direction A of the mover 2 (2) and the teeth 7 of (5).
- the two permanent magnets 5 having a thickness of hm3 are the split cores 4 at positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the width in the moving direction A of the mover 2 (3) and the teeth 7 of (4).
- a plurality of permanent magnets 5 having the same shape are arranged on the teeth 7 of the split core 4 at positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the width in the moving direction A of the mover 2.
- the size of the mover 2 of the synchronous linear motor 101 representing the volume of the mover 2 can be reduced without providing auxiliary iron cores around which the coil for reducing the cogging thrust is not wound on both ends of the mover 2.
- the decrease in the stroke of the mover 2 can be suppressed.
- the thrust density which is a value obtained by dividing the thrust of the linear motor by the mass of the mover, is not reduced, and the acceleration / deceleration is not reduced. .
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the laminating direction of the electromagnetic steel plates of the mover of the synchronous linear motor of the first comparative example with respect to the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment.
- the same reference numerals are assigned to the same components as those of the synchronous linear motor 101 according to the present embodiment.
- the first comparative example 201 of the synchronous linear motor is different from the synchronous linear motor 101 according to the present embodiment in the following points.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram of a cogging thrust waveform generated in the synchronous linear motor of the second comparative example with respect to the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 7 represents the moving distance of the mover 2 along the moving direction A in electrical angle.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 7 represents the cogging thrust [N].
- the second comparative example 202 of the synchronous linear motor is different from the first comparative example 201 of the synchronous linear motor in that there are no cut ends at both ends in the moving direction A of the movable element 2 and the stator 3, and the movable element 2 and the stator This assumes a synchronous linear motor in which 3 continues indefinitely.
- FIG. 7 shows the result of electromagnetic field analysis of the cogging thrust of the second comparative example 202 of the synchronous linear motor.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram of a cogging thrust waveform generated in the first comparative example for the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 8 represents the moving distance of the mover 2 along the moving direction A in electrical angle.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 8 represents the cogging thrust [N].
- the first comparative example 201 of the synchronous linear motor all the permanent magnets 5 arranged in the split core 4 have the same shape and magnetic characteristics, and the width of the mover 2 in the moving direction A is finite, that is, the movable linear motor is movable. There are both ends in the moving direction A of the child 2.
- FIG. 8 shows the result of electromagnetic field analysis of the cogging thrust of the first comparative example 201 of the synchronous linear motor.
- FIG. 9 is a comparison diagram of cogging thrust in the first comparative example and the second comparative example with respect to the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment.
- the right side represents the case of the first comparative example 201 in which the movable element 2 has both ends.
- the vertical axis of FIG. 9 shows the value of pp of the cogging thrust of the second comparative example 202 in which the difference (pp: Peak-to-Peak) from the maximum value to the minimum value of the amplitude of the cogging thrust is not in the mover 2. Represents a value [p.u.] normalized with 1 as the value.
- pp Peak-to-Peak
- the value of pp of the cogging thrust waveform of the second comparative example 202 in which the mover 2 has no end corresponds to the value of pp of the cogging thrust waveform of FIG.
- the value pp of the cogging thrust waveform in Example 201 corresponds to the value pp of the cogging thrust waveform in FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a phaser diagram of the primary cogging thrust vector generated in each divided core of the second comparative example for the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 10 represents the cos component of the primary cogging thrust vector
- the vertical axis in FIG. 10 represents the sin component of the primary cogging thrust vector.
- FIG. 10 is a phasor diagram of the primary cogging thrust vector generated in each divided core of the mover 2 in the second comparative example 202 having no end where the mover 2 continues infinitely.
- (1) to (6) in FIG. 10 indicate first-order cogging thrust vectors generated in the split cores 4 corresponding to (1) to (6) in order from the left side in the moving direction A shown in FIG. Represents.
- the primary cogging thrust vector generated in each divided core 4 in the second comparative example 202 is distributed in each quadrant at equal intervals of 60 °. For this reason, in the synchronous linear motor without an end like the 2nd comparative example 202, the primary cogging thrust vector which generate
- FIG. 11 is a phaser diagram of the primary cogging thrust vector generated in each divided core of the first comparative example for the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 11 represents the cos component of the primary cogging thrust vector, and the vertical axis in FIG. 11 represents the sin component of the primary cogging thrust vector.
- FIG. 11 it can be seen that, unlike FIG. 10, the primary cogging thrust vectors are not equally spaced and the primary cogging thrust vectors are not canceled out. From FIG. 10 and FIG.
- the present inventors have analyzed the factors that cause the primary cogging thrust vectors not to be equally spaced, and as a result, the magnetic flux density generated at the gap surface between each divided core 4 and the stator 3 facing each other is as follows. I found that the difference is a factor.
- FIG. 12 is a comparison diagram of magnetic flux density generated on the gap surface of each divided core in the first comparative example and the second comparative example for the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 12 represents the divided cores 4 corresponding to (1) to (6) in order from the left side of the moving direction A shown in FIG.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 12 indicates that the magnetic flux density generated on the gap surface of each divided core 4 is 1 as the value of the magnetic flux density generated on the gap surface of each divided core 4 of the second comparative example 202 that has no end on the mover 2.
- a second comparative example 202 having no end on the mover 2 and a first comparative example 201 having both ends on the mover 2 are shown.
- the present inventors manipulate the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector by changing the magnetic flux density generated in the gap surface between each divided core 4 and the stator 3 facing the primary core. It was found that thrust can be reduced.
- FIG. 13 is a phasor diagram of the primary cogging thrust vector generated in each divided core of the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 13 represents the cos component of the primary cogging thrust vector, and the vertical axis in FIG. 13 represents the sin component of the primary cogging thrust vector.
- the present inventor 2 In order to change the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector generated in each divided core 4 by changing the value of the magnetic flux density generated in the gap surface between each divided core 4 and the stator 3 facing each other, the present inventor 2, the thickness hm1 of the permanent magnet 5 disposed on the split core 4 at both ends in the moving direction A and the second split core 4 from both ends in the moving direction A are disposed, as shown in FIG.
- the shape of the permanent magnet 5 and the thickness hm2 was changed so that hm1 ⁇ hm2, and the cogging thrust was obtained by electromagnetic field analysis.
- the phasor diagram of the primary cogging thrust changed to FIG. 13 with respect to FIG. 11, which is the phasor diagram of the primary cogging thrust of the first comparative example 201.
- the primary cogging thrust vectors generated from (1) to (6), which are the divided cores 4 are arranged so as to suppress each other.
- FIG. 14 is a comparison diagram of the primary cogging thrust in the synchronous linear motor and the first comparative example in the present embodiment.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 14 represents the first comparative example 201 having both ends of the mover 2 and the synchronous linear motor 101 according to the present embodiment.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 14 represents the value [pu] that the amplitude of the primary cogging thrust is normalized with the value of the amplitude of the primary cogging thrust of the first comparative example 201 being 1.
- the synchronous linear motor 101 according to the present embodiment corresponds to the case of hm1 ⁇ hm2.
- the primary cogging thrust is reduced to 40% or less with respect to the primary cogging thrust of the first comparative example 201.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the stacking direction of the electromagnetic steel plates of the mover in the first modification of the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment.
- the first modification 102 of the synchronous linear motor is different from the synchronous linear motor 101 according to the present embodiment in the following points.
- the thickness hm1 of the permanent magnet 5 arranged on the split core 4 located on both ends in the moving direction A is changed to the second split core 4 from both ends in the moving direction A. It is larger than the thickness hm2 of the arranged permanent magnet 5, that is, hm1> hm2.
- the magnetic flux density generated on the gap surface of the split core 4 can also be a combination of hm1 ⁇ hm3, hm1> hm3, hm2 ⁇ hm3, hm2> hm3, or hm1 ⁇ hm3 and hm2> hm3.
- the value of can be changed. That is, if the number of different shapes in the plurality of permanent magnets 5 is two or more, for example, as shown in FIG. 13, primary cogging generated from (1) to (6) of each divided core 4 The phase of the primary cogging thrust vector can be changed to an arrangement in which the thrust vector is suppressed. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 14, it is possible to reduce the primary cogging thrust.
- FIG. 16 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the stacking direction of the electromagnetic steel plates of the mover in the second modification of the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment.
- the second modification 102-2 of the synchronous linear motor is different from the synchronous linear motor 101 according to the present embodiment in the following points.
- the thickness hm1 of the permanent magnet 5 arranged on the split core 4 located on both ends in the moving direction A and the second split core from both ends in the moving direction A 4 and the thickness hm3 of the permanent magnet 5 arranged on the third divided core 4 from both ends in the moving direction A are different from each other. That is, hm1 ⁇ hm2 ⁇ hm3.
- FIG. 17 is a comparison diagram of primary cogging thrusts in the first comparative example for the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment, and in the first and second modified examples of the present invention.
- the horizontal axis in FIG. 17 represents the first comparative example 201 having both ends of the mover 2, the first modification 102 of the synchronous linear motor according to the present embodiment, and the second comparative example of the synchronous linear motor according to the present embodiment.
- a modification 102-2 is shown.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 17 is a value obtained by normalizing the amplitude of the primary cogging thrust with the value of the amplitude of the primary cogging thrust of the first modification 102 of the synchronous linear motor according to the present embodiment as 1 [ p.u.].
- the thicknesses hm1, hm2, and hm3 of the permanent magnet 5 are set to hm1 ⁇ hm2 ⁇ hm3 as shown in FIG.
- the primary cogging thrust is reduced by about 70%. It is possible.
- the relationship between the thicknesses hm1, hm2, and hm3 of the permanent magnet 5 is hm1 ⁇ hm2 ⁇ hm3.
- the thickness of the permanent magnet 5 differs by three or more due to relationships other than this combination. If so, there is no problem.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view perpendicular to the stacking direction of the electromagnetic steel plates of the mover in the third modification of the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment.
- the third modification 102-3 of the synchronous linear motor is different from the synchronous linear motor 101 according to the present embodiment in the following points.
- the thickness hm1 of the permanent magnet 5 arranged on the split core 4 positioned on both ends in the moving direction A and the second split core from both ends in the moving direction A
- the thickness hm2 of the permanent magnet 5 arranged at 4 is the same.
- the primary cogging is arranged in such an arrangement that the primary cogging thrust vectors generated from (1) to (6) of the divided cores 4 are suppressed.
- the phase of the thrust vector can be changed. Therefore, it is possible to reduce the primary cogging thrust.
- the stroke of the mover 2 can be finely adjusted.
- the thicknesses hm1, hm2, and hm3 of the permanent magnet 5 are shown by the thickness of the permanent magnet 5 that is not divided. As shown in FIG. 19, there is no problem even if the thickness hm is a thickness in which a plurality of permanent magnets 5 are stacked.
- the primary cogging thrust vector is balanced to reduce the primary cogging thrust.
- the primary cogging is performed.
- the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector can be changed to an arrangement in which the thrust vector is suppressed. For this reason, the primary cogging thrust can be reduced.
- the number of the split cores 4 and the permanent magnets 5 is six, and the stator 3 that is disposed opposite to the mover 2 is used.
- the number of salient poles 11 is five. That is, the width in the moving direction A of the mover 2 that is the width in the moving direction A of the six divided cores 4 is one end surface in the moving direction A of the salient pole 11 adjacent to the one end surface in the moving direction A of the salient pole 11. Is equal to 5 times the interval in the moving direction A. As shown in FIG.
- the number of the plurality of salient poles 11 facing the moving direction of the mover 2 becomes an integer. It is desirable. That is, the width of the mover 2 in the moving direction A is an integral multiple of the distance in the moving direction A between one end surface in the moving direction A of the salient pole 11 and one end surface in the moving direction A of the adjacent salient pole 11. desirable. However, even if the number of salient poles 11 of the stator 3 arranged opposite to the split core 4, the permanent magnet 5, and the mover 2 is a combination other than the above, the primary cogging thrust vector is suppressed. The phase of the first-order cogging thrust vector can be changed.
- the primary cogging thrust can be reduced.
- the number of permanent magnets 5 is smaller than the number of divided cores 4, for example, the permanent magnets 5 are not arranged on the second divided core 4 from both ends in the moving direction A.
- the number of salient poles 11 facing the mover 2 is not an integer.
- the length of the permanent magnet 5 in the protruding direction of the teeth 7 may be different from the thickness hm in the moving direction A of the permanent magnet 5.
- the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector can be changed to an arrangement in which the primary cogging thrust vector generated in each divided core 4 is suppressed, and the primary cogging thrust can be reduced. It is.
- the lengths of the permanent magnets 5 in the protruding direction of the teeth 7 are different, the permanent magnets 5 facing the teeth 7 in the cross section including the moving direction A and the protruding direction of the teeth 7 in FIG.
- the inductance obtained from the magnetic flux interlinked with the coil 6 wound around the tooth 7 having a large magnetic saturation effect is larger than the inductance of the coil 6 wound around the tooth 7 having a small magnetic saturation effect. End up. Therefore, the inductance of each phase used for the drive control of the synchronous linear motor becomes unbalanced, the thrust pulsation at the time of driving the synchronous linear motor increases, and the controllability decreases.
- the thickness hm in the moving direction A of the permanent magnet 5 is different. This is because the length of the permanent magnet 5 facing the teeth 7 is the same regardless of the divided core 4 in the cross section including the moving direction A and the protruding direction of the teeth 7.
- the inductance of the coil 6 wound around the teeth 7 of (1) and (6) which are the split cores 4 on both ends in the moving direction A is affected by the ends, and the split cores 4 on both ends in the moving direction A are affected. It is easy to become smaller than the inductance of the coil 6 wound around the teeth 7 of (2) to (5), which are other divided cores 4, and the inductance of each phase tends to be unbalanced.
- the length of the permanent magnet 5 facing the teeth 7 does not differ depending on the divided core 4, even if the coil 6 is wound at least around the teeth 7 on both ends in the moving direction A. This imbalance can be suppressed.
- the coil 6 is wound around all the teeth 7 of the split core 4, so the length of the permanent magnet 5 facing the teeth 7 is the split core. If the difference is 4, the surface pressure applied to the permanent magnet 5 varies depending on the tightening force applied to the teeth when the coil 6 is wound. For this reason, the permanent magnet 5 may break depending on the surface pressure. For this reason, it is desirable that the thickness hm in the moving direction A of the permanent magnet 5 is different. With these configurations, the permanent magnet 5 can be prevented from cracking in the synchronous linear motor of the present embodiment.
- FIG. FIG. 20 is a cross-sectional view parallel to the stacking direction and the moving direction of the electromagnetic steel plates of the mover in the synchronous linear motor according to Embodiment 2 for carrying out the present invention, as viewed from the stator side. More specifically, FIG. 20 and FIGS. 21 and 22 described later are, for example, cross-sectional views along the moving direction A at the position of the arrow in the magnetization direction 9 of FIG. 2, and so on. 20-22, the coil 6 is not shown. 20, the synchronous linear motor 103 according to the present embodiment is different from the synchronous linear motor 101 according to the first embodiment in the following points.
- Wm2 and the width Wm3 in the stacking direction B of the permanent magnet 5 arranged in the third split core 4 from both ends in the moving direction A are Wm1 ⁇ Wm2.
- Wm2 Wm3. That is, the number of different shapes in the plurality of permanent magnets 5, that is, the number of types of different shapes is two.
- two permanent magnets 5 having a width Wm1 are divided cores 4 at positions symmetrical to the center of the width in the moving direction A of the mover 2 in the teeth 7 of (1) and (6). Each is arranged. Further, the two permanent magnets 5 having a width of Wm2 are the divided cores 4 at positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the width in the moving direction A of the mover 2 in the teeth 7 of (2) and (5). Each is arranged.
- the two permanent magnets 5 having a thickness of Wm3 are the divided cores 4 at positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the width in the moving direction A of the mover 2 (3) and the teeth 7 of (4). Respectively. That is, a plurality of permanent magnets 5 having the same shape are arranged on the teeth 7 of the split core 4 at positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the width in the moving direction A of the mover 2.
- FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view parallel to the stacking direction and the moving direction of the electromagnetic steel plate of the mover in the comparative example with respect to the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment, as viewed from the stator side.
- the synchronous linear motor comparative example 201 differs from the synchronous linear motor 103 according to the present embodiment in the following points.
- a synchronous linear motor comparative example 201 in FIG. 21 is the same configuration as that of the synchronous linear motor first comparative example 201 in FIG.
- the coil 6 is not shown.
- Embodiment 2 is demonstrated.
- the thicknesses hm in the moving direction A of the permanent magnets 5 in FIGS. 20 and 21 are all the same.
- the comparative example 201 of the synchronous linear motor shown in FIG. 21 since the shape and magnetic characteristics of the permanent magnet 5 are all the same, the primary cogging as shown in FIGS. 8 and 11 of the first embodiment. Thrust increases.
- phase of the primary cogging thrust vector generated in each divided core 4 is changed by changing the value of the magnetic flux density generated in the gap surface of the divided core 4. Can do.
- the lamination direction of the permanent magnet 5 shown in FIG. This is also possible by changing the width Wm in B.
- the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector when it is necessary to change the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector in the opposite direction, by setting Wm1> Wm2, the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector is changed in the opposite direction to the case of Wm1 ⁇ Wm2. be able to. Therefore, as in FIG. 14 of the first embodiment, the primary cogging thrust vector can be suppressed and the primary cogging thrust can be reduced.
- the magnetic flux density generated on the gap surface of the split core 4 can also be a combination of Wm1 ⁇ Wm3, Wm1> Wm3, Wm2 ⁇ Wm3, Wm2> Wm3, or Wm1 ⁇ Wm3 and Wm2> Wm3.
- the value can be changed.
- Wm1 Wm2 ⁇ Wm3. That is, if the number of different shapes in the plurality of permanent magnets 5 is two or more, for example, as shown in FIG. 13 of the first embodiment, it occurs in (1) to (6) of each divided core 4
- the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector can be changed to an arrangement where the primary cogging thrust vector is suppressed. Therefore, the primary cogging thrust can be reduced as shown in FIG. 14 of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a cross-sectional view parallel to the laminating direction and the moving direction of the electromagnetic steel plate of the mover in the fourth modification of the synchronous linear motor in the present embodiment, and is a view seen from the stator side.
- the fourth modification 104 of the synchronous linear motor is different from the synchronous linear motor 103 according to the present embodiment in the following points.
- the fourth modification 104 of the synchronous linear motor in FIG. 22 is the width in the stacking direction B of the permanent magnets 5 arranged on the split cores 4 positioned on both ends of the moving direction A in the synchronous linear motor 103 of the present embodiment.
- the width Wm3 in the stacking direction B of the magnets 5 is different from each other. That is, Wm1 ⁇ Wm2 ⁇ Wm3.
- the coil 6 is not shown.
- the widths Wm1, Wm2, and Wm3 in the stacking direction B of the permanent magnets 5 are Wm1 ⁇ Wm2 ⁇ Wm3, and the stacking direction B of three or more permanent magnets 5
- the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector can be changed to an arrangement in which the primary cogging thrust vectors generated from (1) to (6) of each divided core 4 are suppressed.
- Wm1 ⁇ Wm2 ⁇ Wm3 is set, but there is no problem if the widths in the stacking direction B of the permanent magnets 5 are different by three or more due to relationships other than this combination.
- the cogging thrust can be reduced without changing the stroke of the mover 2.
- the width of the permanent magnet 5 in the stacking direction B is shown to be shorter than the width of the split core 4 in the stacking direction B. However, as shown in FIG. It doesn't matter if it gets longer.
- the permanent magnet 5 may be divided into a plurality of pieces in the stacking direction B.
- the length of the permanent magnet 5 in the protruding direction of the teeth 7 is different from the width Wm of the permanent magnet 5 in the stacking direction B as shown in FIGS. Also good. Also with this configuration, the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector can be changed to an arrangement in which the primary cogging thrust vector generated in each divided core 4 is suppressed, and the primary cogging thrust can be reduced. It is. However, when the length of the permanent magnet 5 in the protruding direction of the teeth 7 is different, as described in the first embodiment, the inductance of each phase used for the drive control of the synchronous linear motor becomes unbalanced, and the drive of the synchronous linear motor is performed. The thrust pulsation at the time increases, and the controllability decreases.
- the width Wm in the stacking direction B of the permanent magnets 5 is different. This is because the length of the permanent magnet 5 facing the teeth 7 is the same regardless of the divided core 4 in the cross section including the moving direction A and the protruding direction of the teeth 7.
- Embodiment 3 The synchronous linear motor in the third embodiment for carrying out the present invention is different from the synchronous linear motor 101 in FIG. 2 according to the first embodiment in the following points.
- the synchronous linear motor according to the present embodiment has the same appearance as that of the first comparative example 201 of FIG. 6 compared to the synchronous linear motor of the first embodiment, but in the structure of the first comparative example 201, the magnetism of the permanent magnet 5 is the same.
- the synchronous linear motor differs only in the residual magnetic flux density, which is a characteristic. Specifically, the residual magnetic flux density Br1 of the permanent magnet 5 disposed on the split core 4 on both ends in the moving direction A, and the residual of the permanent magnet 5 disposed on the second split core 4 from both ends in the moving direction A.
- the two permanent magnets 5 having a residual magnetic flux density Br1 are the split cores 4 at positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the width in the moving direction A of the mover 2 (1) and (6) teeth. 7 are arranged respectively.
- the two permanent magnets 5 having a residual magnetic flux density Br2 are the divided cores 4 at positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the width in the moving direction A in the mover 2 (2) and (5) teeth. 7 are arranged respectively.
- the two permanent magnets 5 having a residual magnetic flux density of Br3 are the split cores 4 at positions symmetrical with respect to the center of the width in the moving direction A in the mover 2 (3) and (4) teeth. 7 are arranged respectively.
- a plurality of permanent magnets 5 having the same magnetic characteristics are disposed on the teeth 7 of the split core 4 at positions symmetrical to the center of the width in the moving direction A of the mover 2. Moreover, all the shapes of the permanent magnets 5 of the synchronous linear motor according to the present embodiment are the same.
- Embodiment 3 the effect of Embodiment 3 is demonstrated.
- the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector generated in each divided core 4 can be changed by changing the value of the magnetic flux density generated in the gap surface of the divided core 4. .
- the value of the magnetic flux density generated on the gap surface of the split core 4 can also be changed by changing the residual magnetic flux density Br of the magnet 5.
- Br1 ⁇ Br2 is set to change the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector in the opposite direction to the case of Br1> Br2. be able to. Therefore, as in FIG. 14 of the first embodiment, the primary cogging thrust vector can be suppressed and the primary cogging thrust can be reduced.
- the value of the magnetic flux density generated on the gap surface of the split core 4 can be changed as a combination of Br1 ⁇ Br3, Br1> Br3, Br2 ⁇ Br3, Br2> Br3, or Br1 ⁇ Br3 and Br2> Br3.
- Br1 Br2 ⁇ Br3. That is, if the number of different magnetic characteristics in the plurality of permanent magnets 5 is two or more, for example, as shown in FIG. 13 of the first embodiment, the divided cores 4 are changed from (1) to (6).
- the phase of the primary cogging thrust vector can be changed to an arrangement in which the generated primary cogging thrust vector is suppressed. Therefore, the primary cogging thrust can be reduced as shown in FIG. 14 of the first embodiment.
- phase of the primary cogging thrust vector can be changed to an arrangement in which the next cogging thrust vector is suppressed.
- the cogging thrust can be reduced without changing the stroke of the mover 2.
- the permanent magnet 5 can be changed by changing the material, also called the grade of the permanent magnet 5, changing the production lot of the permanent magnet 5, or changing the magnetization rate of the permanent magnet 5. Any magnetic means may be used as long as they have different magnetic properties.
- the magnetization rate of the permanent magnet 5 is a value obtained by dividing the magnetization remaining after the external magnetic field is removed by the magnetization in the saturated state when the permanent magnet 5 is magnetized by the external magnetic field in the magnetization process of magnetizing the permanent magnet 5. It is represented by For this reason, the magnetization of the permanent magnet 5 can be adjusted by the magnetizing step, and the increase in the number of parts can be suppressed by using one type of permanent magnet.
- the number of different shapes in the plurality of permanent magnets 5 is two or more, and the number of different magnetic characteristics in the plurality of permanent magnets 5 is two or more.
- a synchronous linear motor may be configured in combination with the above. That is, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and includes all possible combinations thereof.
- the synchronous linear motor according to the present invention can be applied to synchronous linear motors in various fields.
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Abstract
Description
また、可動子の質量が補助分割コアの分だけ増加し、リニアモータの推力を可動子の質量で割った値である推力密度が低下するため、加速度も低下してしまうという課題があった。
基部およびこの基部から突出し磁性体からなる複数の突極を有する固定子と、
空隙を介して複数の突極に対向して配置された可動子とを備え、
複数の突極は、可動子の移動方向に沿って互いに離間して配置され、
可動子は、磁性体からなるコア、複数のコイルおよび移動方向に沿って並べられた複数の永久磁石を有し、
コアは、コアバックおよびコアバックから突極に向かって突出し移動方向に沿って並べられた複数のティースを具備し、
複数のコイルは、移動方向両端側のティースに少なくとも巻回され、
複数の永久磁石は、それぞれティースの中央部にティースの突出方向に沿って配置され、
永久磁石の磁極が有する極性は、隣り合う永久磁石において対向する磁極が有する極性と同じであり、
複数の永久磁石において異なる形状の数、または複数の永久磁石において異なる磁気特性の数は、2つ以上を有する。
実施の形態1.
図1は、この発明を実施するための実施の形態1における同期リニアモータを示す斜視図である。図1において、同期リニアモータ101は、可動子2と、固定子3とを備えている。同期リニアモータ101の可動子2は、図示しないスライダ等で支持されている。
このため、可動子2は、固定子3に対して移動方向Aに沿って相対的に移動可能となっている。図1において、積層方向Bは、可動子2の移動方向Aとティース7の突出方向とに垂直な方向である。
すなわち、可動子2は、磁性体からなるコア14、複数のコイル6および移動方向Aに沿って並べられた複数の永久磁石5を有している。また、コア14は、移動方向Aに沿って並べられた複数の分割コア4からなる。
同期リニアモータ101は、巻線であるコイル6と永久磁石5とが可動子2に配置された巻線磁石可動子型同期リニアモータとなっている。
図2において、分割コア4には、移動方向Aの左側から順にそれぞれ符号(1)から(6)を便宜的に割り振っている。また、分割コア4は、ティース7およびコアバック8の中央部でさらに2つに分割されて2個の半分割コア4-1を有している。この結果、6個の分割コア4は、12個の半分割コア4-1で構成されている。そして、半分割コア4-1は、移動方向Aの幅の中央部で左右に分かれた半分のコアバック8と半分のティース7とで構成されている。コアバック8は、隣り合う分割コア4のコアバック8と移動方向Aに垂直な面で接しており、溶接等で互いに固定されている。6個のティース7には、それぞれ図示しないインシュレータ等の絶縁部材を介してコイル6が1個ずつ集中的に巻回されて6個のコイルを形成している。すなわち、複数のコイル6は、移動方向Aの両端側のティース7に少なくとも巻回されている。
この構成によって、隣り合う分割コア4の半分割コア4-1同士を連結できるため、隣り合う半分割コア4-1のティース7における移動方向Aおよび積層方向Bに垂直な方向の位置決め精度が向上し、ギャップgの寸法精度が向上して同期リニアモータ101の推力がばらつくのを抑制できる。
この構成によって、同じ分割コア4の半分割コア4-1同士を連結できるため、半分割コア4-1のティース7における移動方向Aおよび積層方向Bに垂直な方向の位置決め精度が向上し、ギャップgの寸法精度が向上して同期リニアモータ101の推力がばらつくのを抑制できる。また、半分割コア4-1から永久磁石5にかかる移動方向Aの力が、半分割コア4-1同士が連結された部分に分散されて低減される。
図6は、本実施の形態における同期リニアモータに対する第1比較例の同期リニアモータの可動子の電磁鋼板の積層方向に垂直な断面図である。図6において、本実施の形態に係る同期リニアモータ101の構成と同じ構成には、同じ符号が割り振られている。また、図6において、同期リニアモータの第1比較例201は、本実施の形態に係る同期リニアモータ101と、以下に述べる点で異なる。同期リニアモータの第1比較例201において、6個の永久磁石5の移動方向Aにおける厚さが全て等しくなっており、6個の永久磁石5の形状および磁気特性が同一となっている。すなわち、hm1=hm2=hm3である。
同期リニアモータの第2比較例202は、同期リニアモータの第1比較例201において、可動子2および固定子3の移動方向Aの両端側に切れ目である端がなく、可動子2および固定子3が無限に続く同期リニアモータを想定したものである。図7は、同期リニアモータの第2比較例202のコギング推力を電磁界解析した結果である。
同期リニアモータの第1比較例201では、分割コア4に配置された全ての永久磁石5の形状および磁気特性が同一で、可動子2の移動方向Aの幅が有限となっており、すなわち可動子2の移動方向Aに両端がある。図8は、同期リニアモータの第1比較例201のコギング推力を電磁界解析した結果である。
図10において、可動子2が無限に続いている端のない第2比較例202において、可動子2の各分割コアに発生する1次のコギング推力ベクトルのフェーザー図である。ここで、図10の(1)から(6)は、それぞれ図2に示す移動方向Aの左側から順に(1)から(6)と対応する分割コア4に発生する1次のコギング推力ベクトルを表している。
図11では、図10と異なり、1次のコギング推力ベクトルが等間隔にならず、1次のコギング推力ベクトルが相殺されないことが分かる。
図10および図11から、本発明者らは、1次のコギング推力ベクトルが等間隔とならない要因について分析した結果、各分割コア4と対向する固定子3とのギャップ面で発生する磁束密度が異なることが要因であることを発見した。
以上から、可動子2に両端があることによって、各分割コア4と対向する固定子3とのギャップ面に発生する磁束密度に差異が発生していることが判明した。これによって、図11に示すように、1次のコギング推力ベクトルの位相が変化することを発見した。
図14に示すように、本実施の形態に係る同期リニアモータ101では、1次のコギング推力が、第1比較例201の1次のコギング推力に対して40%以下に低減された。
この構成によっても、例えば、図13に示すように、各分割コア4の(1)から(6)に発生する1次のコギング推力ベクトルが抑制しあう配置に1次のコギング推力ベクトルの位相を変化させることができる。したがって、図14に示すように、1次のコギング推力を低減することが可能である。
なお、図16では、永久磁石5の厚さhm1、hm2、hm3の関係は、hm1<hm2<hm3となっているが、この組合せ以外の関係で、永久磁石5の厚さが3つ以上異なっていれば問題ない。
しかしながら、同じ形状の複数の永久磁石5が、可動子2における移動方向Aの幅の中央に対して対称の位置の分割コア4に配置されていなくても、上述のように、1次のコギング推力ベクトルが抑制しあう配置に1次のコギング推力ベクトルの位相を変化させることができる。このため、1次のコギング推力を低減することが可能である。
しかしながら、分割コア4、永久磁石5、および可動子2と対向配置されている固定子3の突極11の数が、上記以外の数の組合せでも、1次のコギング推力ベクトルが抑制しあう配置に1次のコギング推力ベクトルの位相を変化させることができる。このため、1次のコギング推力を低減することが可能である。上記以外の数の組合せとしては、例えば、移動方向Aの両端側から2番目の分割コア4に永久磁石5が配置されていないなど、分割コア4の数よりも永久磁石5の数が少ない場合や、可動子2に対向する複数の突極11の数が整数でない場合などがある。
しかしながら、ティース7の突出方向における永久磁石5の長さが異なる場合、図2の磁束が流れる断面である移動方向Aおよびティース7の突出方向を含む断面内において、ティース7に対向する永久磁石5の長さが分割コア4によって異なるため、ティース7に対向する永久磁石5の長さが大きい方が、永久磁石5の磁束による磁気飽和の影響が大きくなり、永久磁石5の磁束が相対的に磁気抵抗の小さい固定子3側のギャップ面に流れやすくなる。このため、磁気飽和の影響が大きいティース7に巻回されたコイル6に鎖交する磁束から求まるインダクタンスが、磁気飽和の影響が小さいティース7に巻回されたコイル6のインダクタンスよりも大きくなってしまう。よって、同期リニアモータの駆動制御に用いる各相のインダクタンスがアンバランスとなり、同期リニアモータの駆動時の推力脈動が大きくなり、制御性が低下する。
特に、移動方向Aの両端側の分割コア4である(1)および(6)のティース7に巻回されたコイル6のインダクタンスは、端の影響で、移動方向Aの両端側の分割コア4以外の分割コア4である(2)から(5)のティース7に巻回されたコイル6のインダクタンスよりも小さくなりやすく、さらに各相のインダクタンスがアンバランスになりやすい。
本実施の形態の同期リニアモータでは、ティース7に対向する永久磁石5の長さが分割コア4によって異ならないため、コイル6が移動方向Aの両端側のティース7に少なくとも巻き回されていても、このアンバランスを抑制することができる。
このため、永久磁石5の移動方向Aにおける厚さhmが異なる方が望ましい。これらの構成によって、本実施の形態の同期リニアモータにおいて、永久磁石5が割れるのを防ぐことができる。
図20は、この発明を実施するための実施の形態2における同期リニアモータにおける可動子の電磁鋼板の積層方向および移動方向に平行な断面図であって、固定子側から見た図である。より詳細には図20および後述する図21、図22は、例えば図2の着磁方向9の矢印の位置での移動方向Aに沿った横断面図であり、以下同様である。なお、図20-22では、コイル6は図示されていない。
図20において、本実施の形態に係る同期リニアモータ103は、実施の形態1に係る同期リニアモータ101と、以下に述べる点で異なる。
図20および図21の永久磁石5の移動方向Aにおける厚さhmは、全て同じである。また、図21に示す同期リニアモータの比較例201の場合、永久磁石5の形状および磁気特性が全て同じであるため、実施の形態1の図8および図11で示したように1次のコギング推力が大きくなる。
したがって、実施の形態1の図14に示すように、1次のコギング推力を低減することが可能である。
なお、図22では、Wm1<Wm2<Wm3としているが、この組合せ以外の関係で、永久磁石5の積層方向Bの幅が3つ以上異なっていれば問題ない。
しかしながら、ティース7の突出方向における永久磁石5の長さが異なる場合、実施の形態1で述べたように、同期リニアモータの駆動制御に用いる各相のインダクタンスがアンバランスとなり、同期リニアモータの駆動時の推力脈動が大きくなり、制御性が低下する。
この発明を実施するための実施の形態3における同期リニアモータは、実施の形態1に係る図2の同期リニアモータ101と以下に述べる点で異なる。
本実施の形態に係る同期リニアモータは、実施の形態1における同期リニアモータに対する図6の第1比較例201と外見は同じ形状であるが、第1比較例201の構造において永久磁石5の磁気特性である残留磁束密度のみが異なる同期リニアモータとなっている。具体的には、移動方向Aの両端側の分割コア4に配置された永久磁石5の残留磁束密度Br1、移動方向Aの両端側から2番目の分割コア4に配置された永久磁石5の残留磁束密度Br2、および移動方向Aの両端側から3番目の分割コア4に配置された永久磁石5の残留磁束密度Br3とすると、Br1≠Br2となっている。また、Br2=Br3となっている。すなわち、複数の永久磁石5において異なる磁気特性の数は、2つとなっている。
また、本実施の形態に係る同期リニアモータの永久磁石5の形状は全て同じである。
実施の形態1で説明したように、分割コア4のギャップ面に発生する磁束密度の値を変更することにより、各分割コア4に発生する1次のコギング推力ベクトルの位相を変化させることができる。
ここで、永久磁石5の着磁率は、永久磁石5を着磁する着磁工程において外部磁場によって着磁されたとき、外部磁場が取り除かれた後に残る磁化を飽和した状態の磁化で割った値で表される。このため、着磁工程によって永久磁石5の磁化を調整でき、永久磁石を1種類にして部品点数の増加を抑制できる。
すなわちこの発明は、上記各実施の形態に限定されるものではなく、これらの可能な組み合わせを全て含む。
Claims (16)
- 基部およびこの基部から突出し磁性体からなる複数の突極を有する固定子と、
空隙を介して前記複数の突極に対向して配置された可動子とを備え、
前記複数の突極は、前記可動子の移動方向に沿って互いに離間して配置され、
前記可動子は、磁性体からなるコア、複数のコイルおよび前記移動方向に沿って並べられた複数の永久磁石を有し、
前記コアは、コアバックおよび前記コアバックから前記突極に向かって突出し前記移動方向に沿って並べられた複数のティースを具備し、
前記複数のコイルは、前記移動方向両端側の前記ティースに少なくとも巻回され、
前記複数の永久磁石は、それぞれ前記ティースの中央部に前記ティースの突出方向に沿って配置され、
前記永久磁石の磁極が有する極性は、隣り合う前記永久磁石において対向する磁極が有する極性と同じであり、
前記複数の永久磁石において異なる形状の数、または前記複数の永久磁石において異なる磁気特性の数は、2つ以上である同期リニアモータ。 - 前記複数の永久磁石において異なる形状の数が2つ以上である場合には、
前記複数の永久磁石の前記移動方向における厚さ、または前記複数の永久磁石の前記移動方向と前記ティースの突出方向とに垂直な方向における幅が異なる請求項1に記載の同期リニアモータ。 - 同じ形状または同じ磁気特性の前記複数の永久磁石が、前記可動子における前記移動方向幅の中央に対して対称となる位置の前記ティースに配置されている請求項1に記載の同期リニアモータ。
- 前記複数の永久磁石において異なる形状の数が2つ以上である場合には、
前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側に配置された前記永久磁石の前記移動方向における厚さと、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から2番目に配置された前記永久磁石の前記移動方向における厚さとが異なる請求項3に記載の同期リニアモータ。 - 前記複数の永久磁石において異なる形状の数が2つ以上である場合には、
前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側に配置された前記永久磁石の前記移動方向と前記ティースの突出方向とに垂直な方向における幅と、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から2番目に配置された前記永久磁石の前記移動方向と前記ティースの突出方向とに垂直な方向における幅とが異なる請求項3に記載の同期リニアモータ。 - 前記複数の永久磁石において異なる磁気特性の数が2つ以上である場合には、
前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側に配置された前記永久磁石の残留磁束密度と、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から2番目に配置された前記永久磁石の残留磁束密度とが異なる請求項3に記載の同期リニアモータ。 - 前記複数の永久磁石において異なる磁気特性の数が2つ以上である場合には、
前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側に配置された前記永久磁石の着磁率と、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から2番目に配置された前記永久磁石の着磁率とが異なる請求項3に記載の同期リニアモータ。 - 前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側に配置された前記永久磁石の形状と、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から2番目に配置された前記永久磁石の形状とが同じ、または前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側に配置された前記永久磁石の磁気特性と、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から2番目に配置された前記永久磁石の磁気特性とが同じ請求項3に記載の同期リニアモータ
- 前記複数の永久磁石において異なる形状の数が3つ以上である場合には、
前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側に配置された前記永久磁石の前記移動方向における厚さと、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から2番目に配置された前記永久磁石の前記移動方向における厚さと、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から3番目に配置された前記永久磁石の前記移動方向における厚さとがそれぞれ異なる請求項3に記載の同期リニアモータ。 - 前記複数の永久磁石において異なる形状の数が3つ以上である場合には、
前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側に配置された前記永久磁石の前記移動方向に垂直な方向における幅と、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から2番目に配置された前記永久磁石の前記移動方向に垂直な方向における幅と、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から3番目に配置された前記永久磁石の前記移動方向に垂直な方向における幅とがそれぞれ異なる請求項3に記載の同期リニアモータ。 - 前記複数の永久磁石において異なる磁気特性の数が3つ以上である場合には、
前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側に配置された前記永久磁石の残留磁束密度と、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から2番目に配置された前記永久磁石の残留磁束密度と、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から3番目に配置された前記永久磁石の残留磁束密度とがそれぞれ異なる請求項3に記載の同期リニアモータ。 - 前記複数の永久磁石において異なる磁気特性の数が3つ以上である場合には、
前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側に配置された前記永久磁石の着磁率と、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から2番目に配置された前記永久磁石の着磁率と、前記可動子における前記移動方向両端側から3番目に配置された前記永久磁石の着磁率とがそれぞれ異なる請求項3に記載の同期リニアモータ。 - 前記可動子に対向する前記複数の突極の数は、整数である請求項1から請求項12のいずれか1項に記載の同期リニアモータ。
- 前記コアは、前記移動方向に沿って並べられた複数の分割コアからなり、
前記複数の分割コアは、それぞれ前記コアバックおよび前記ティースを具備する請求項1から請求項13のいずれか1項に記載の同期リニアモータ。 - 前記コアは、隣り合う前記ティース同士の間の前記コアバックにおいて分割されている請求項14に記載の同期リニアモータ。
- 前記コアは、前記ティースにおいて分割されている請求項14に記載の同期リニアモータ。
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