WO2017161881A1 - 一种有序宽幅抛秧装置 - Google Patents

一种有序宽幅抛秧装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017161881A1
WO2017161881A1 PCT/CN2016/103772 CN2016103772W WO2017161881A1 WO 2017161881 A1 WO2017161881 A1 WO 2017161881A1 CN 2016103772 W CN2016103772 W CN 2016103772W WO 2017161881 A1 WO2017161881 A1 WO 2017161881A1
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Prior art keywords
belt
seedlings
ordered
belt conveyors
wide
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PCT/CN2016/103772
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
彭忠圣
胡爱清
汤健
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彭忠圣
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Publication of WO2017161881A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017161881A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C11/00—Transplanting machines
    • A01C11/003—Transplanting machines for aquatic plants; for planting underwater, e.g. rice

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of rice planting equipment, in particular to an ordered wide-width throwing device.
  • the cultivation methods of rice planting are two kinds of transplanting and throwing.
  • the throwing mites have less damage to the roots of the seedlings, shallower into the mud, quicker to return to the green, early and more tillering, shorter growth time after cultivation and stable yield and high yield.
  • Features are widely used throughout the world.
  • the disc type throwing machine uses the centrifugal force generated when the disc rotates to throw the seedlings out of the disc throwing machine, and the smaller disc throwing machine can be used to realize the seedling planting work in a larger area.
  • the seedlings thrown by the disc-type throwing machine were scattered and unevenly distributed, which was not convenient for the management of rice seedlings in the later stage.
  • the working efficiency of the disc-type throwing machine was not high, and the two operated The throwing machine can only reach two artificial throwing speeds, and basically has no practical application value. Therefore, how to provide a new type of ordered wide-width throwing device to achieve rapid and continuous throwing of seedlings, and to make the seedlings distribution uniform, effective and efficient, is a problem to be solved by those skilled in the art.
  • the present invention provides an ordered wide-width throwing device comprising a frame and a sill assembly mounted on the frame;
  • At least three first belt conveyors mounted on the same side of the frame and a drive device that drives each of the first belt conveyors;
  • the first belt of each of the first belt conveyors passes through the lower side of the output end of the corresponding conveyor assembly to receive Corresponding to the seedlings dropped at the output end of the sputum assembly, and throwing the seedlings from the output ends of the respective first belt conveyors;
  • the angle between the running direction of the first belt of each first belt conveyor and the straight line of the traveling direction of the rack is greater than 0°;
  • the first belts of the first belt conveyors on the same side of the rack have different running speeds, so that the first belt conveyors on the same side of the rack throw the seedlings to the center of the rack walking direction.
  • the distances of the lines vary.
  • the driving wheels of the first belt conveyors on the same side of the rack are connected by the first rotating shaft; the driving device drives the first rotating shaft to rotate and drag Moving each of the first belt conveyors;
  • Each of the first belt conveyors connected by the same first rotating shaft has different driving wheel radii.
  • the lengths of the respective first belt conveyors extending from the same side of the rack are different.
  • the driving device in combination with the first aspect or any one of the first to the second possible implementations of the first aspect, in a third possible implementation of the first aspect, includes a power component and a shifting component coupled to the power component; The first shaft is coupled to the output of the shifting member.
  • the power component is an electric motor.
  • the first belt running along each of the first belt conveyors is further included The direction is extended to prevent the seedlings from slipping off the side of the first belt side of each of the first belt conveyors.
  • the sputum assembly comprises a picking mechanism for separating the seedling from the seedling tray And, a second belt conveyor corresponding to each of the first belt conveyors;
  • Each of the second belt conveyors is located on the upper side of the corresponding first belt conveyor for receiving the seedlings obtained by the picking mechanism and for feeding the seedlings onto the first belt of the corresponding first belt conveyor.
  • the driving wheels of the respective second belt conveyors are connected by the second rotating shaft;
  • the belt lengths of the respective second belt conveyors corresponding to the respective first belt conveyors on the same side of the rack are different.
  • the third belt conveyor is further included, and the slipper is located on the lower side of the output end of the third belt conveyor groove;
  • the driving wheel of the third belt conveyor is connected with the second rotating shaft;
  • the third belt conveyor is used to take the seedlings obtained by the picking mechanism, and to transport the seedlings to the chute.
  • the ordered wide-width throwing device provided by the present invention has at least three first belt conveyors on one side of the frame in addition to the sputum assembly. The first belt of each of the first belt conveyors passes through the lower side of the output end of the sputum assembly for receiving the seedlings obtained by the sputum assembly.
  • the angle between the extending direction of the first belt of each of the first belt conveyors and the traveling direction of the rack is greater than 0°, because the first belts of the first belt conveyors on the same side of the rack have different running speeds Therefore, the distance between the landing position of the first seed conveyors on the same side of the rack and the position of the center line of the rack is different, and the multi-row seedlings are simultaneously thrown and planted;
  • the ordered wide-width throwing device of the invention can ensure that the seedlings thrown by each first belt conveyor are on the straight line, realize orderly throwing, and ensure reasonable close planting of rice. By changing the rotational speed of the drive unit, the spacing of adjacent rows of seedlings can be adjusted accordingly.
  • the ordered wide-width throwing device provided by the invention can adopt more first belt conveyors to simultaneously throw the raft, thereby improving the efficiency of the throwing operation.
  • Figure 1 is a front elevational view of an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view of an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of a throwing assembly in an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of a throwing assembly in an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the area A in Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a plan view of a second belt conveyor in an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a mating side of a throwing sling assembly and a second belt conveyor in an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention; view;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the cooperation of the throwing mechanism and the second belt conveyor in the ordered wide-width throwing device according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a top plan view showing the structure of the throwing structure of the picking mechanism of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • 1-frame 2-first belt conveyor, 21-first pulley, 22-second pulley, 23-first belt, 24-first shaft, 3-second belt conveyor 31-second rotating shaft, 4-motor, 5-slide groove, 6-blocking plate, 7-third belt conveyor, 8-first shaft, 81-first transmission wheel, 82-second transmission Wheel, 83-seedling through slot, 9-second shaft, 10-first belt, 11-second belt, 12-clamp limit block, 13-open limit block, 14-gear. .
  • FIG. 1 is a front view of an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a plan view of an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a throwing device in an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a side view of the throwing assembly in the ordered wide-width throwing device of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the ordered wide-width throwing device in the embodiment includes a frame 1, a throwing assembly mounted on the frame 1, and the ordered wide-width throwing device in the embodiment further includes Transmitting components.
  • the frame 1 is used to support the sputum assembly and the throwing assembly, and connects the entire ordered wide-throwing device to the throwing machine.
  • the sputum assembly is used to separate the seedlings from the seedling tray and transfer them to a throwing assembly for throwing the seedlings into the field.
  • the throwing assembly and the conveying assembly of the ordered wide-width throwing device are respectively described in detail below.
  • the throwing device in the embodiment of the invention adopts a belt conveyor to realize the throwing of the seedling.
  • 3 is a top view of a throwing assembly in an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the throwing assembly in this embodiment is mounted on the lower side of the output end of the conveying assembly, and is supported by the driving device. The seedlings that fall from the output of the assembly.
  • the throwing assembly includes 12 first belt conveyors 2, each of the first belt conveyors 2 including a first pulley 21, a second pulley 22, and a first pulley 21 and a second The first belt 23 between the pulleys 22.
  • the first pulley 21 of the first belt conveyor 2 serves as a driving wheel
  • the second belt The wheel 22 serves as a driven wheel
  • the first pulley 21 drives the first belt 23 to perform a swinging motion
  • the first belt 23 drives the second pulley 22 to rotate.
  • the first belt 23 located on the upper side region of the plane of the first pulley 21 and the axis of the second pulley 22 is moved from the first pulley 21 to the second pulley. Move in the direction of 22 and pass through the lower side of the output end of the sputum assembly to receive the seedlings falling from the output of the sputum assembly. After the seedlings fall onto the first belt 23 of the first belt conveyor 2, the seedlings move along with the first belt 23 toward the second pulley 22 (i.e., move toward the output end of the first belt conveyor 2). When the first belt 23 moves to the second pulley 22, it rotates with the edge of the second pulley 22, and the seedling is thrown from the second pulley 22.
  • the ordered wide-width throwing device in the embodiment runs along the throwing machine in the direction indicated by the arrow, and the running direction of the first belt 23 of the first belt conveyor 2 in the throwing assembly is The angle between the straight lines in which the throwing machine travels is approximately 70°.
  • the first belt conveyors 2 on both sides of the frame 1 are symmetrically arranged, that is, the rack 1 has six first belt conveyors 2 on both sides.
  • the first belt conveyors 2 on the same side of the throwing machine are at the same angle as the running direction of the throwing machine, that is, the first belt conveyors 2 located on the same side of the rack 1 are arranged in parallel and are located in the rack. 1
  • the input ends of the respective first belt conveyors 2 on the same side are substantially on the same straight line.
  • first belt conveyors 2 may be disposed on one side of the frame 1, and the running direction of the first belt 23 in each of the first belt conveyors 2 is relative to the frame 1
  • the angle between the straight lines in which the walking direction is located may also be other angles greater than 0°.
  • the first belts 23 in the respective first belt conveyors 2 on the same side of the frame 1 have different running speeds so that the landing positions of the seedlings are thrown from the output ends of the respective first belt conveyors 2 to The distance traveled by the rack 1 is different.
  • the first pulley 21 of each first belt conveyor 2 is a driving wheel, and the first pulley 21 of each first belt conveyor 2 on the same side of the frame 1 is A rotating shaft 24 is connected so that the rotational speeds of the first pulleys 21 of the respective first belt conveyors 2 are the same; however, the radii of the respective first pulleys 21 are different, so that the operating speeds of the respective first belts 23 are different.
  • the radius of the first pulley 21 of each of the first belt conveyors 2 located on the same side of the frame 1 is sequentially reduced from the front to the rear, and the first belt conveyors 2 are sequentially arranged. The running speed is reduced in turn.
  • the driving device for driving the movement of each of the first belt conveyors 2 is also provided in this embodiment.
  • the driving device is coupled to the first rotating shaft 24 to drive the first pulley 21 of each of the first belt conveyors 1 to rotate.
  • the driving device includes a power component and a shifting component connected to the power component, first
  • the rotating shaft 24 is coupled to the output end of the shifting member to transmit power to each of the first belt conveyors 2 connected to the first rotating shaft 24.
  • the driving device of the throwing throwing assembly is independent of the driving device of the throwing machine main body, so as to avoid the change of the running speed of each first belt conveyor 2 when the running speed of the throwing machine changes, and ensure each of the first The seedlings thrown by the belt conveyor are roughly in a straight line after landing.
  • the power component of the throwing assembly in this embodiment is an electric motor 4 fixedly mounted on the frame.
  • the motor has a running speed stability characteristic, which can ensure the uniformity of the speed of the first belt conveyor 2 during operation.
  • the motor also has adjustable speed characteristics, which can be adjusted according to the spacing requirements of the seedlings in the actual planting.
  • the motor in this embodiment adopts a DC speed regulating motor.
  • the driving components may be separately provided for the respective first belt conveyors 2 to achieve independent adjustment of the operating speed of each of the first belt conveyors 2.
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of the area A in Figure 3.
  • the first belt conveyor 2 on the left side of the frame 1 and the first belt conveyor 2 on the right side of the frame 1 are driven by the same motor 4, on the left side of the drive shaft and right.
  • the shaft end of the side drive shaft is also provided with a gear 14 for meshing with the gear 14 for reversing.
  • the spacing of early rice and most conventional rice is about 23.5cm, and the spacing of middle and late rice is 30cm.
  • the present embodiment can set two gear positions in the shifting mechanism to realize switching between the two line spacings.
  • the rotational speed of the motor can be adjusted in the actual application, so that the line spacing of the seedlings is correspondingly enlarged or reduced.
  • the lengths of the first belts 23 of the six first belt conveyors 2 located on the same side of the frame 1 are different from front to back (along the arrow)
  • the first belt length of each of the first belt conveyors 2 is gradually reduced in the reverse direction. It is conceivable that the lengths of the respective first belt conveyors 2 on the same side of the rack are different, and the first belt conveyors 2 can be further adjusted in combination with the first belt running speeds of the respective first belt conveyors. The distance from the landing position of the throwing place to the center line of the walking direction of the frame 1.
  • the length of the first belt 23 of 2 can achieve the following effects: (1) the distance between the landing position of the seedlings thrown by the respective first belt conveyors 2 on the same side of the frame 1 and the center line of the rack operation is different, And greater than the distance from the end of each first belt conveyor 2 to the centerline of the rack; (2) making any adjacent ones on the same side of the rack The distance between the seedlings thrown by the two first belt conveyors 2 is greater than the distance between the corresponding two first belt conveyor outputs; (3) when the first rotating shafts 24 of the respective first belt conveyors 2 on the same side When the rotational speed of the first belt conveyor 2 is changed, the distance between adjacent ones of the first belt conveyor 2 changes correspondingly; (4) when the first rotating shaft of each first belt conveyor 2 on the same side When the rotation speed of 24
  • the factors affecting the distance from the seedling to the center line of the rack include the height of the first belt conveyor 2, the running speed of the first belt conveyor, and the The angle of inclination of a belt conveyor.
  • the embodiment adjusts the row spacing of the seedlings only by adjusting the running speed of the first belt conveyor.
  • the seedling tossing can also be realized by changing the inclination angle or height of the first belt conveyor. Out of position adjustment.
  • the rear side of the throwing device is further provided with a chute 5.
  • the seedlings are delivered to the sputum assembly, and the seedlings are directly slid through the sluice trough 5 to the position set at the lower side of the gantry 1 to complete the planting of the field saplings in the lower side of the gantry 1.
  • three sluice grooves 5 are provided, and in combination with the aforementioned 12 first belt conveyors, this embodiment can realize simultaneous throwing of 15 rows of seedlings.
  • the width of the ordered wide throwing device employing the above-described throwing assembly is less than 200 cm.
  • the working width of the throwing tampering component reaches 352.5cm in the early rice throwing operation; in the middle and late rice throwing operation, the working width of the throwing smashing component reaches 450cm, and the working width can reach its own width.
  • the width is 1.5 times to 2 times, which greatly improves the working efficiency of the throwing operation.
  • the seedlings are thrown by the sputum assembly to each of the first belt conveyors 2 to a certain initial velocity, which may cause the seedlings to slip off the corresponding first belt conveyor 2.
  • a spacer 6 extending along the running direction of the first belt 23 of the first belt conveyor 2 is also provided on the side of each of the first belt conveyors 2 to prevent seedlings. The normal throwing operation cannot be completed by slipping off the belt of each of the first belt conveyors 2.
  • the sputum assembly in this embodiment includes a picking mechanism (not shown) for separating the seedlings from the seedling tray and a second belt conveyor 3 corresponding to each of the first belt conveyors 2, respectively.
  • the second belt conveyor 3 in this embodiment is located on the upper side of the corresponding first belt conveyor 2, and is used for taking the pick-up.
  • the seedlings obtained by the mechanism transport the seedlings to the belt of the corresponding first belt conveyor 2.
  • the second belt conveyor 3 mated with each of the first belt conveyors 2 is provided to complete the seedlings from the pick-up mechanism to the first belt conveyor 2 by the second belt conveyor 3. Transfer work.
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of a second belt conveyor in an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a mating side of a throwing assembly and a second belt conveyor in an ordered wide-width throwing device according to an embodiment of the present invention; view. 3, 6 and 7, in order to cooperate with the respective first belt conveyors 2, the lengths of the respective second belt conveyors 3 in this embodiment are not the same, that is, in the respective second belt conveyors 3. The distance between the two pulleys is different. As shown in FIGS.
  • the length of the second belt conveyor 3 matched thereto is the shortest, and the second portion is located in the middle portion.
  • the belt conveyor 2 is the farthest from the pick-up mechanism, so the length of the second belt conveyor 3 to which it is coupled is long.
  • the sliding groove 5 is further disposed on the rear side of the frame 1.
  • the throwing action is performed in conjunction with the sliding groove 5.
  • the ordered wide-width throwing device of the present embodiment further includes the second The third belt conveyor 7 in the middle portion of the belt conveyor 3; the third belt conveyor 7 is for conveying the seedlings obtained by the picking mechanism to the side of the swash plate. 1 and FIG. 6, in order to simplify the structure, in the present embodiment, each of the second belt conveyor 3 and the third belt conveyor 7 are located on the same plane, and each of the second belt conveyors 3 and the third belt type
  • the drive wheel of the conveyor 7 is connected by a second rotating shaft 31, and the second rotating shaft 31 is connected to the power mechanism via a universal joint coupling.
  • the picking mechanism in the ordered wide-width throwing device of the embodiment is used for transferring the seedling from the nursery tray to the second belt conveyor 3.
  • the picking mechanism can adopt the reciprocating take-up mechanism on the conventional rice transplanter, or Other types of pick-up mechanisms can be used to transfer the seedlings from the nursery tray to the second belt conveyor 3.
  • the reciprocating pick-up mechanism that has been widely used on the conventional rice transplanter is not specifically introduced, and only the pick-up mechanism designed in the design process of the ordered wide-width throwing device in this embodiment is simply introduced.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the cooperation of the throwing mechanism and the second belt conveyor in the ordered wide-width throwing device according to the embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 9 is a top view showing the structure of the throwing structure of the picking mechanism according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the picking mechanism includes a first shaft 8, a second shaft 9, and a belt on the mounting frame 1.
  • the first shaft 8 is provided with a first transmission wheel 81 and a second transmission wheel 82.
  • a seedling passage groove 83 is disposed between the first transmission wheel 81 and the second transmission wheel 82.
  • the belt includes a first transmission belt 10 and a second transmission belt 11; the first transmission belt 10 connects the first transmission wheel 81 and the second shaft 9, and is appropriately tensioned by the first transmission wheel 81 and the second shaft 9; the second transmission belt 11 is connected The second transmission wheel 82 and the second shaft 9 are appropriately extended by the second transmission wheel 82 and the second shaft 9 tight.
  • the pick-up mechanism further includes a clamping limit block 12 and an open limit block 13, the clamping limit block 12 and the open limit block 13 are located at the first drive belt 10 and the second drive belt 11 by the first shaft 8
  • the plane formed by the movement of the second shaft 9, that is, the lower side of the plane formed by the first shaft 8 and the second shaft 9 is formed.
  • the clamping stop block 12 abuts against the outside of the first belt 10 or the second belt 11 so as to be at the rim of the first transmission wheel 81 (of course, it can also be said that the rim of the second transmission wheel 82 is ) to the clamping limit block 12, the distance before the first transmission belt 10 and the second transmission belt 11 is gradually reduced;
  • the opening limit block 13 is located between the clamping limit block 12 and the second shaft 9, and is located at the first transmission belt Between the 10 and the second belt 11, so that the distance between the first belt 10 and the second belt 11 is gradually increased by the clamping stopper 12 to the opening stopper 13.
  • the picking mechanism of the embodiment there is a picking mechanism matched with the number of the second belt conveyors 3.
  • the plurality of picking mechanisms share the first shaft 8 and the second shaft 9, and each picking mechanism is located in the corresponding second belt conveyor.
  • the picking mechanism of the embodiment the seedlings in the seedling tray are moved by the external force through the seedlings 83 and then moved toward the clamping limit block 12; since the distance between the first belt 10 and the second belt 11 is gradually reduced When the seedling moves to a certain position, the distance between the first belt 10 and the second belt 11 can clamp the seedling; then the seedling moves with the first belt 10 and the second belt 11 and passes through the clamping limit block 12; After clamping the limit block 12, the distance between the first belt 10 and the second belt 11 is gradually increased; when the seedling moves with the first belt 10 and the second belt 11 to a specific position, due to the first belt 10 and The distance of the second belt 11 is increased to be unable to hold the seedling, and the seedling is dropped by gravity from the gap
  • the structure of the above-mentioned picking mechanism is stomped, because the seedling stems entering the picking mechanism are randomly changed, and the seedlings are randomly dropped from the clamping limit block 12 to the opening limit block 13 during the movement to the position.
  • the second belt conveyor 3 is arranged, and the problem that the position of the seedlings falling in the picking mechanism is randomly changed due to the random change of the stems of the seedlings can be avoided, and the whole ordered and wide-scale throwing device is randomly selected. Adaptability of change.
  • the distance between the clamping limit block 12 and the opening limit block 13 in each group of picking mechanisms should also be adaptively adjusted to ensure that the distance is ensured.
  • the seedlings can correctly fall onto the corresponding second belt conveyor 3 after passing through the clamp limit block 12.

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Abstract

一种有序宽幅抛秧装置包括机架（1）和安装在机架（1）上的输秧组件；还包括安装在机架（1）同侧的至少三条第一带式输送机（2）和拖动各个第一带式输送机（2）运行的驱动装置；各条第一带式输送机（2）的第一皮带（23）经过对应输秧组件的输出端下侧，以承接从对应输秧组件输出端落下的秧苗，以及将秧苗从各条第一带式输送机（2）的输出端抛出；各条第一带式输送机（2）的第一皮带（23）运行方向与机架（1）行走方向所在直线间的夹角均大于0°；位于机架（1）同侧的各条第一带式输送机（2）的第一皮带（23）运行速度不同，以使位于机架（1）同侧的各条第一带式输送机（2）抛出秧苗的落地位置到机架（1）行走方向中心线的距离各不相同。

Description

一种有序宽幅抛秧装置
本申请要求于2016年03月24日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610172105.4、发明名称为“一种抛秧机的横向对称宽幅抛秧系统及使用方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，要求于2016年09月20日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610836277.7、发明名称为“一种有序宽幅抛秧装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及水稻种植设备技术领域，特别涉及一种有序宽幅抛秧装置。
背景技术
目前水稻种植的栽培方式有插秧和抛秧两种，抛秧相较于插秧具有对秧苗根部损伤较小、入泥浅、返青快、分蘖早且多、栽培后的生长时间短及稳产高产的特点，在世界各地得到广泛应用。
目前市场上已经有出现了适用于抛秧栽培作业的圆盘式抛秧机。圆盘式抛秧机利用圆盘转动时产生的离心力将秧苗抛出圆盘抛秧机，可采用较小的圆盘抛秧机实现较大区域范围的秧苗种植工作。但是实际使用中发现，圆盘式抛秧机抛出的秧苗散落无序、分布不均匀，不便于后期水稻秧苗的管理、同时，圆盘式抛秧机的工作效率不高，两人操作的抛秧机最高只能达到两个人工的抛秧速度，基本无实际应用价值。因此，如何提供一种新型的有序宽幅抛秧装置装置，实现秧苗的快速、连续抛掷，并使得秧苗分布均匀、有效及高效，是本领域技术人员需要解决的问题
发明内容
第一方面，本发明提供一种有序宽幅抛秧装置，包括机架和安装在机架上的输秧组件；
还包括安装在机架同侧的至少三条第一带式输送机和拖动各个第一带式输送机运行的驱动装置；
各条第一带式输送机的第一皮带经过对应输秧组件的输出端下侧，以承接从 对应输秧组件输出端落下的秧苗，和，将秧苗从各条第一带式输送机的输出端抛出；
各条第一带式输送机的第一皮带运行方向与机架行走方向所在直线间的夹角均大于0°；
位于机架同侧的各条第一带式输送机的第一皮带运行速度不同，以使位于机架同侧的各条第一带式输送机抛出秧苗的落地位置到机架行走方向中心线的距离各不相同。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能实现方式中，位于机架同侧的各条第一带式输送机的主动轮由第一转轴连接；驱动装置驱动第一转轴转动而拖动各个第一带式输送机运行；
由同一第一转轴连接的各条第一带式输送机的主动轮半径均不同。
结合第一方面的第一种可能实现方式，在第一方面的第二种可能实现方式中，在位于机架同侧的各条第一带式输送机伸出机架的长度各不相同。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一至二种可能实现方式其中任意一种，在第一方面的第三种可能实现方式中，在驱动装置包括动力部件和与动力部件连接的变速部件；第一转轴与变速部件的输出端连接。
结合第一方面的第三种可能实现方式，在第一方面的第四种可能实现方式中，所述动力部件为电动机。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一至二种可能实现方式其中任意一种，在第一方面的第五种可能实现方式中，还包括沿各个第一带式输送机的第一皮带运行方向延伸，以防止秧苗从各个第一带式输送机的第一皮带侧边滑落的隔秧板。
结合第一方面或第一方面的第一至二种可能实现方式其中任意一种，在第一方面的第六种可能实现方式中，输秧组件包括将秧苗从育秧盘上分离的取秧机构，和，与各个第一带式输送机分别对应的第二带式输送机；
各个第二带式输送机位于对应的第一带式输送机的上侧，用于承接取秧机构获取的秧苗，和将秧苗抛送至对应的第一带式输送机的第一皮带上。
结合在第一方面的第六种可能实现方式，在第一方面的第七种可能实现方式中，各个第二带式输送机的主动轮由第二转轴连接；
位于机架同侧的各个第一带式输送机对应的各个第二带式输送机的皮带长度不同。
结合第一方面的第七种可能实现方式，在第一方面的第八种可能实现方式中，还包括第三带式输送机，和，位于第三带式输送机输出端下侧的溜秧槽；
第三带式输送机的主动轮和第二转轴连接；
第三带式输送机用于承接取秧机构获取的秧苗，和，将秧苗输送至溜秧槽。本发明提供的有序宽幅抛秧装置，除具有输秧组件外，在机架的一侧还具有至少三条第一带式输送机。各条第一带式输送机的第一皮带经过输秧组件的输出端下侧，以用于承接输秧组件获取的秧苗。各条第一带式输送机的第一皮带的延伸方向与机架行走方向之间的夹角大于0°，由于位于机架同侧的各个第一带式输送机的第一皮带运行速度不同，使得位于机架同侧的各个第一带式输送机的抛出秧苗的落地位置到机架中心线所在位置的距离不同，实现多行秧苗的同时抛掷种植；在机架直线运行的前提下，本发明有序宽幅抛秧装置可保证每个第一带式输送机抛出的秧苗在一直条线上，实现有序抛秧、保证水稻的合理密植。通过改变驱动装置的转速，可相应地调整相邻行秧苗的间距。此外，本发明提供的有序宽幅抛秧装置，可采用较多的第一带式输送机同时抛秧，提高了抛秧作业效率。
附图说明
为更清楚地说明背景技术或本发明的技术方案，下面对现有技术或具体实施方式中结合使用的附图作简单地介绍；显而易见地，以下结合具体实施方式的附图仅是用于方便理解本发明实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置正视图；
图2是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置俯视图；
图3是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中抛秧组件俯视图；
图4是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中抛秧组件侧视图；
图5是图3中A区域放大图；
图6是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中第二带式输送机俯视图；
图7是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中抛秧组件和第二带式输送机配合侧 视图；
图8是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中抛秧机构与第二带式输送机配合示意图；
图9是本发明实施例取秧机构结构安装抛秧结构俯视图；
其中：1-机架、2-第一带式输送机、21-第一带轮、22-第二带轮、23-第一皮带、24-第一转轴、3-第二带式输送机、31-第二转轴、4-电动机、5-溜秧槽、6-隔秧板、7-第三带式输送机、8-第一轴、81-第一传动轮、82-第二传动轮、83-秧苗通过槽、9-第二轴、10-第一传动带、11-第二传动带、12-夹紧限位块、13-张开限位块、14-齿轮。。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好地理解本发明中的技术方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
图1是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置正视图，图2是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置俯视图，图3是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中抛秧组件俯视图，图4是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中抛秧组件侧视图。如图1和图2，本实施例中的有序宽幅抛秧装置包括机架1、安装在机架1上的抛秧组件，另本实施例中的有序宽幅抛秧装置还包括输秧组件。机架1用于承托输秧组件和抛秧组件，并将整个有序宽幅抛秧装置与抛秧机连接。输秧组件用于将秧苗从育秧盘中分离并转送至抛秧组件，抛秧组件用于将秧苗抛洒至田地中。下文对本实施有序宽幅抛秧装置的抛秧组件和输秧组件分别作详细介绍。
本发明实施例中的抛秧组件采用带式输送机传送的方式实现秧苗的抛送。图3是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中抛秧组件俯视图，如图2和图3，本实施例中的抛秧组件安装在输秧组件的输出端下侧，承接由输秧组件的输出端落下的秧苗。具体的，抛秧组件包括12个第一带式输送机2，每个第一带式输送机2均包括第一带轮21、第二带轮22、缠绕在第一带轮21和第二带轮22之间的第一皮带23。本实施例中，第一带式输送机2的第一带轮21作为主动轮，第二带 轮22作为从动轮，第一带轮21带动第一皮带23做回转运动，第一皮带23驱动第二带轮22转动。
具体的，本实施例第一带式输送机2中，位于第一带轮21轴线和第二带轮22轴线所在平面上侧区域的第一皮带23由第一带轮21向第二带轮22方向移动，并经过输秧组件的输出端下侧，承接从输秧组件输出端落下的秧苗。秧苗落到第一带式输送机2的第一皮带23上后，秧苗随第一皮带23一起向第二带轮22移动(也就是向第一带式输送机2的输出端移动)。当第一皮带23运动至第二带轮22时随第二带轮22缘回转，而秧苗则从第二带轮22处抛出。
如图2，本实施例中的有序宽幅抛秧装置按照箭头所指方向随抛秧机运行，而抛秧组件中的第一带式输送机2的第一皮带23运行方向所在直线与抛秧机行走方向所在直线之间的夹角大约为70°。如图2，本实施例中机架1两侧的第一带式输送机2对称设置，即机架1两侧均具有6个第一带式输送机2。位于抛秧机同侧的各个第一带式输送机2与抛秧机运行方向所在的夹角相同，即位于机架1同侧的各个第一带式输送机2平行设置，并且位于机架1同侧的各个第一带式输送机2的输入端大体在同一直线上.
当然，在其他实施例中，机架1的一侧也可设置其他数量的第一带式输送机2，并且各个第一带式输送机2中第一皮带23的运行方向相对于机架1行走方向所在直线间的夹角也可以为大于0°的其他角度。
本实施例中，位于机架1同侧的各个第一带式输送机2中的第一皮带23运行速度不同，以使从各个第一带式输送机2输出端抛出秧苗的落地位置到机架1行走方向距离各不同。
如图4，本实施例中，各个第一带式输送机2的第一带轮21为主动轮，位于机架1同侧的各个第一带式输送机2的第一带轮21由第一转轴24连接，以使各个第一带式输送机2的第一带轮21的转动速度相同；但各个第一带轮21的半径不同，使得各个第一皮带23的运行速度不同。如图4，本实施例中由前到后，位于机架1同侧的各个第一带式输送机2的第一带轮21半径依次减小，顺次排列各个第一带式输送机2的运行速度依次减小。
为实现抛秧功能，本实施例中还具有驱动各个第一带式输送机2运动的驱动装置。驱动装置与第一转轴24连接，驱动各个第一带式输送机1的第一带轮21转动。本实施例中，驱动装置包括动力部件和与动力部件连接的换挡部件，第一 转轴24与换挡部件的输出端连接，将动力传动至与第一转轴24连接的各个第一带式输送机2。在本实施例中，抛秧组件的驱动装置是独立于抛秧机主机的驱动装置，以避免抛秧机运行速度变化时造成各个第一带式输送机2运行速度发生变化，保证每个第一带式输送机抛出的秧苗落地后大致在一条直线上。
本实施例中抛秧组件的动力部件为固定安装在机架上的电动机4。电动机具有运行速度稳定特性，能够保证第一带式输送机2在运行过程中速度的均匀一致性。同时，电动机也具有速度可调特性，可根据实际种植中秧苗的间距需求调整转速。为保证工作可靠性，本实施例中的电动机采用直流调速电动机。当然，在其他实施例中，也可为各个第一带式输送机2分别设置驱动部件，实现各个第一带式输送机2运行速度的独立调节。
图5是图3中A区域放大图。如图4和图5所示，为使用同一电动机4带动机架1左侧的第一带式输送机2和机架1右侧的第一带式输送机2，在左侧传动轴和右侧传动轴的轴端还设置有齿轮14，以利用齿轮14啮合实现换向。
水稻种植中，早稻及大部分常规稻的行距要求在23.5cm左右，中晚稻行距在30cm寸作用。为满足这两种行距要求，本实施例可在换挡机构中设置两个档位，实现两种行距的切换。此外，因为本实施例中采用电动机作为动力部件，实际应用中也可通过调整电动机的转速，使得秧苗的行距相应地扩大或减小。
另外，从图1-图3可看出，本实施例中，位于机架1同侧的六个第一带式输送机2的第一皮带23的长度均不同，由前到后(沿箭头反向方向)各个第一带式输送机2的第一皮带长度逐渐减小。可想到，将位于机架同侧的各个第一带式输送机2的长度不同，可结合各个第一带式输送机的第一皮带运行速度不同，进一步地调整各个第一带式输送机2抛掷处的秧苗落地位置到机架1行走方向中心线的距离。当然，在其他实施例中，仅使各个第一带式输送机2的第一皮带23的运行速度不同，而使各个第一带式输送机2的伸出机架1的长度也相同，也可实现抛秧装置抛掷形成不同行秧苗的功能。
从前述分析可得到：通过改变同侧的各个第一带式输送机2的第一带轮21的直径，使各个第一带式输送机2运行速度不同，配合调整各个第一带式输送机2的第一皮带23的长度可达到以下效果：(1)使位于机架1同侧的各个第一带式输送机2抛掷出的秧苗的落地位置与机架运行的中心线的距离不同、并大于各个第一带式输送机2未端到机架中心线的距离；(2)使位于机架同侧的任意相邻的 两个第一带式输送机2抛掷出的秧苗间的距离大于对应的两个第一带式输送机输出端的距离；(3)当同侧各个第一带式输送机2的第一转轴24的转速发生变化时，各个第一带式输送机2抛掷出的秧苗落地后其相邻间的距离相应地也发生变化；(4)当同侧各个第一带式输送机2的第一转轴24的转速相同并固定时，就可形成多行距离确定的秧苗，秧苗分布的宽度远远大于抛秧机的幅宽。根据抛物线原理，在第一带式输送机长度确定的前提下，影响秧苗到机架中心线距离的因素包括第一带式输送机2的高度、第一带式输送机的运行速度、和第一带式输送机的倾斜角度。考虑结构的方便性，本实施例仅通过调整第一带式输送机的运行速度调整秧苗的行距，在其他实施例中，也可通过改变第一带式输送机的倾斜角度或高度实现秧苗抛出位置的调节。
如图3，为实现机架1下侧区域田地秧苗的种植工作，本实施例中抛秧组件后侧还设置溜秧槽5。与溜秧槽5匹配的输秧组件将秧苗递送至输秧组件后，秧苗直接经溜秧槽5滑落至机架1下侧设定的位置，完成机架1下侧区域田地秧苗的种植。本实施例中，设置有3个溜秧槽5，结合前述的12个第一带式输送机，本实施例能够实现15行秧苗的同时抛掷。
在依据本实施例生产的一具体产品中，采用上述抛秧组件的有序宽幅抛秧装置的宽度小于200cm。依据前述水稻种植行距要求，在早稻抛秧作业时，抛秧组件的工作幅宽达到352.5cm；在中晚稻抛秧作业时，抛秧组件的工作幅宽达到450cm，其工作幅宽可达到自身宽度的1.5倍-2倍，大大提高了抛秧作业的工作效率。
实际使用中，秧苗由输秧组件抛送至各个第一带式输送机2时具有到一定的初速度，而此速度可能使得秧苗从对应的第一带式输送机2上滑落。为避免这一问题，本实施例中还在每个第一带式输送机2的侧边设置沿第一带式输送机2的第一皮带23运行方向延伸的隔秧板6，以防止秧苗从各个第一带式输送机2的皮带滑落而无法完成正常抛秧工作。
上文介绍主要介绍了本实施例中的抛秧组件，下文就本实施例的输秧组件结构做展开分析。
本实施例中的输秧组件包括将秧苗从育秧盘上分离的取秧机构(图中未示出)和与各个第一带式输送机2分别对应的第二带式输送机3。如图1和图2，本实施例中的第二带式输送机3位于对应的第一带式输送机2的上侧，用于承接取秧 机构获取的秧苗，并将秧苗输送至对应的第一带式输送机2的皮带上。结合图2和图3可想到，因为本实施例机架1两侧的第一带式输送机2倾斜设置，取秧机构抓取的秧苗不能同时放在各个第一带式输送机2上，所以本实施例中设置了与各个第一带式输送机2配合的第二带式输送机3，以利用第二带式输送机3完成秧苗从取秧机构到第一带式输送机2的转送工作。
图6是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中第二带式输送机俯视图，图7是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中抛秧组件和第二带式输送机配合侧视图。如图3、图6和图7，为配合各个第一带式输送机2，本实施例中各个第二带式输送机3的长度并不相同，也就是各个第二带式输送机3中两个皮带轮的距离不同。如图3和图6，因在机架1前端的第一带式输送机2到取秧机构的距离最近，所以与其配合的第二带式输送机3的长度最短，而位于中间区域的第一带式输送机2距离取秧机构的距离最远，所以与其配合的第二带式输送机3的长度较长。
上文已经提到，本实施例在机架1的后侧还设置有溜秧槽5，为配合溜秧槽5实现抛秧动作，本实施的有序宽幅抛秧装置还包括位于第二带式输送机3中间区域的第三带式输送机7；第三带式输送机7用于将取秧机构获取的秧苗传送至溜秧板上侧。继续看图1和图6，为简化结构，本实施例中各个第二带式输送机3和第三带式输送机7位于同一平面上，各个第二带式输送机3和第三带式输送机7的主动轮由第二转轴31连接，第二转轴31通过万向节联轴器与动力机构连接。如图，本实施例中具有三条对应溜秧槽5的第三带式输送机7。本实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中的取秧机构用于将秧苗从育秧盘转送至第二带式输送机3，取秧机构可以采用传统插秧机上的往复式取插秧机构，也可为其他类型的取秧机构，只要是能够将秧苗从育秧盘转移至第二带式输送机3即可。本实施中，不再对已广泛使用在传统插秧机上的往复式取秧机构做具体介绍，而仅简单介绍在本实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置设计过程中一同配套设计的取秧机构。
图8是本发明实施例有序宽幅抛秧装置中抛秧机构与第二带式输送机配合示意图，图9是本发明实施例取秧机构结构安装抛秧结构俯视图。如图8和图9，取秧机构包括安装机架1上的第一轴8、第二轴9、和皮带。其中第一轴8上设有第一传动轮81和第二传动轮82，在第一传动轮81和第二传动轮82间设置有秧苗通过槽83。皮带包括第一传动带10和第二传动带11；第一传动带10连接第一传动轮81和第二轴9，并被第一传动轮81和第二轴9适当地张紧；第二传动带11连接第二传动轮82和第二轴9，并被第二传动轮82和第二轴9适当地张 紧。
此外，取秧机构还包括置夹紧限位块12和张开限位块13，夹紧限位块12和张开限位块13位于第一传动带10和第二传动带11由第一轴8向第二轴9移动形成的平面上，也就是位于第一轴8和第二轴9形成的平面下侧。夹紧限位块12抵靠在第一传动带10或第二传动带11的外侧，以使由第一传动轮81的轮缘处(当然，也可以说是由第二传动轮82的轮缘处)到夹紧限位块12处，第一传动带10和第二传动带11之前的距离逐渐缩小；张开限位块13位于夹紧限位块12和第二轴9间，并且位于第一传动带10和第二传动带11之间，以使由夹紧限位块12处到张开限位块13处，第一传动带10和第二传动带11之间的距离逐渐增大。
本实施例中具有与第二带式输送机3数量匹配的取秧机构，多个取秧机构共用第一轴8和第二轴9，并且各个取秧机构位于对应的第二带式输送机3的上侧。采用本实施例中的取秧机构，育秧盘中的秧苗在外力推动下经过秧苗通过槽83后向夹紧限位块12移动；因为第一传动带10和第二传动带11之间的距离逐渐缩小，当秧苗移动至一定位置时，第一传动带10和第二传动带11间的距离可夹住秧苗；随后秧苗随第一传动带10和第二传动带11移动并经过夹紧限位块12处；经过夹紧限位块12后，第一传动带10和第二传动带11之间的距离又逐渐增大；当秧苗随第一传动带10和第二传动带11移动至特定位置时，由于第一传动带10和第二传动带11距离增大到无法夹持秧苗，秧苗在重力作用下从第一传动带10和第二传动带11之间的缝隙跌落至第二带式输送机3上。
通过对以上取秧机构结构分析还可想到，因为进入到取秧机构的秧苗杆茎随机变化，秧苗由夹紧限位块12向张开限位块13移动过程中跌落至位置是随机的。本实施例中设置第二带式输送机3，还可避免由于秧苗杆茎随机变化而造成取秧机构中秧苗跌落位置随机变化的问题，提高整个有序宽幅抛秧装置对秧苗杆茎随机变化的适应性。当然，因为对应各组第二带式输送机3的长度不同，相应地各组取秧机构中夹紧限位块12和张开限位块13之间的距离也应当适应性地调节，保证秧苗经过夹紧限位块12处后能够正确地落到对应的第二带式输送机3上。
以上对本发明实施例中的取秧系统进行了详细介绍。采用上述的有序宽幅抛秧装置，秧苗能够按照设定的农艺标准按行排列在农田中，并且，本发明中的有序宽幅抛秧装置相比于现有的抛秧机械显著提高了抛秧工作效率。应当注意，本 部分采用具体实施例对本发明的原理及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本发明的核心思想，在不脱离本发明原理的情况下，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
还需要说明的是，在本文中，诸如“第一”和“第二”等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来，而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且，术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含，从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素，而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素，或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下，由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素，并不排除在包括要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种有序宽幅抛秧装置，包括机架(1)和安装在机架(1)上的输秧组件；其特征在于：
    还包括安装在机架(1)同侧的至少三条第一带式输送机(2)和拖动各个第一带式输送机(2)运行的驱动装置；
    各条第一带式输送机(2)的第一皮带(23)经过对应输秧组件的输出端下侧，以承接从对应输秧组件输出端落下的秧苗，和，将秧苗从各条第一带式输送机(2)的输出端抛出；
    各条第一带式输送机(2)的第一皮带(23)运行方向与机架(1)行走方向所在直线间的夹角均大于0°；
    位于机架(1)同侧的各条第一带式输送机(2)的第一皮带(23)运行速度不同，以使位于机架(1)同侧的各条第一带式输送机(2)抛出秧苗的落地位置到机架(1)行走方向中心线的距离各不相同。
  2. 根据权利要求1的有序宽幅抛秧装置，其特征在于：还包括第一转轴(24)；
    位于机架(1)同侧的各条第一带式输送机(2)的主动轮由第一转轴(24)连接；驱动装置驱动第一转轴(24)转动而拖动各个第一带式输送机(2)运行；
    由同一第一转轴(24)连接的各条第一带式输送机(2)的主动轮半径均不同。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的有序宽幅抛秧装置，其特征在于：
    位于机架(1)同侧的各条第一带式输送机(2)伸出机架(1)的长度各不相同。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的有序宽幅抛秧装置，其特征在于：驱动装置包括动力部件和与动力部件连接的换挡部件；第一转轴(24)与换挡部件的输出端连接。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的有序宽幅抛秧装置，其特征在于：所述动力部件为电动机(4)。
  6. 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的有序宽幅抛秧装置，其特征在于：
    还包括沿各个第一带式输送机(2)的第一皮带(23)运行方向延伸，以防止秧苗从各个第一带式输送机(2)的第一皮带(23)侧边滑落的隔秧板 (6)。
  7. 根据权利要求的1-3任一项所述的有序宽幅抛秧装置，其特征在于：
    输秧组件包括将秧苗从育秧盘上分离的取秧机构，和，与各个第一带式输送机(2)分别对应的第二带式输送机(3)；
    各个第二带式输送机(3)位于对应的第一带式输送机(2)的上侧，用于承接取秧机构获取的秧苗，和将秧苗抛送至对应的第一带式输送机(2)的第一皮带(23)上。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的有序宽幅抛秧装置，其特征在于：
    各个第二带式输送机(3)的主动轮由第二转轴(31)连接；
    位于机架(1)同侧的各个第一带式输送机(2)对应的各个第二带式输送机(3)的皮带长度不同。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的有序宽幅抛秧装置，其特征在于：
    还包括第三带式输送机(7)，和，位于第三带式输送机(7)输出端下侧的溜秧槽(5)；
    第三带式输送机(7)的主动轮和第二转轴(31)连接；
    第三带式输送机(7)用于承接取秧机构获取的秧苗，和，将秧苗输送至溜秧槽(5)。
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