WO2017159765A1 - Système de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire, dispositif de conversion de données de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire et procédé de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire - Google Patents

Système de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire, dispositif de conversion de données de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire et procédé de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017159765A1
WO2017159765A1 PCT/JP2017/010562 JP2017010562W WO2017159765A1 WO 2017159765 A1 WO2017159765 A1 WO 2017159765A1 JP 2017010562 W JP2017010562 W JP 2017010562W WO 2017159765 A1 WO2017159765 A1 WO 2017159765A1
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Prior art keywords
taste
food
reproduction
data
elements
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PCT/JP2017/010562
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
良祐 榊
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株式会社電通
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 株式会社電通 filed Critical 株式会社電通
Priority to KR1020187027456A priority Critical patent/KR102415095B1/ko
Priority to EP17766761.5A priority patent/EP3430912B1/fr
Priority to CN201780017554.4A priority patent/CN108777982A/zh
Priority to US16/085,286 priority patent/US10973247B2/en
Priority to ES17766761T priority patent/ES2905801T3/es
Publication of WO2017159765A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017159765A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
    • A23L5/40—Colouring or decolouring of foods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P30/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the process or apparatus
    • A23P30/10—Moulding
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47J—KITCHEN EQUIPMENT; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; APPARATUS FOR MAKING BEVERAGES
    • A47J43/00—Implements for preparing or holding food, not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A47J43/20—Shapes for preparing foodstuffs, e.g. meat-patty moulding devices, pudding moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/02—Food
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/50—Depth or shape recovery
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
    • G06T7/00—Image analysis
    • G06T7/90—Determination of colour characteristics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P20/00—Coating of foodstuffs; Coatings therefor; Making laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs
    • A23P20/20—Making of laminated, multi-layered, stuffed or hollow foodstuffs, e.g. by wrapping in preformed edible dough sheets or in edible food containers
    • A23P20/25—Filling or stuffing cored food pieces, e.g. combined with coring or making cavities
    • A23P2020/253—Coating food items by printing onto them; Printing layers of food products
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
    • A23V2200/15—Flavour affecting agent
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
    • A23V2200/00—Function of food ingredients
    • A23V2200/16—Taste affecting agent

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a food taste reproduction system, a food taste reproduction data conversion device, and a food taste reproduction method.
  • Taste sensors have been developed that detect the taste sensed by the human tongue, not the food components, and output it as an electrical signal.
  • a taste sensor that can detect basic tastes of salty, sour, bitter, sweet, and umami has been developed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
  • Patent Literature 1 a lipid membrane sensor electrode in which a lipid membrane and an electrode are arranged on a substrate, and a plurality of lipid membrane sensors having different response characteristics are arranged in parallel to constitute a taste sensor array.
  • a reference electrode is placed as an electrode for generating a potential serving as a measurement reference together with the taste sensor array.
  • the electrical signal from the lipid membrane is amplified by an amplifier and applied to an A / D converter.
  • An electrical signal from the reference electrode is also added to the A / D converter, and the potential difference between the lipid membrane and the reference electrode is converted into a digital signal. This digital signal is appropriately processed by a microcomputer and displayed on an XY recorder.
  • Patent Document 1 As an application of the taste sensor disclosed in Patent Document 1 and the like, for example, an application to a taste test of food and medicine has been proposed (for example, see Patent Document 2).
  • the taste sensor for taste inspection sensory inspection of food has variations due to individual differences and physical condition of the panelist, and even the same taste can not accurately grasp the subtle difference in the strength of the taste, This solves the problem that inspection with high reproducibility cannot be performed, and when the inspection target is a pharmaceutical, the amount that can be inspected for the health of the paneler is limited, and efficient inspection cannot be performed.
  • a taste sensor If a taste sensor is used, a taste sensed by a human tongue can be detected, output as an electrical signal, and converted into data. For example, the taste of dishes made by famous chefs can be converted into data using a taste sensor and visualized.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such problems, and provides a food taste reproduction system, a food taste reproduction data conversion device, and a food taste reproduction method that can easily reproduce the taste of food based on taste data. This is one of the purposes.
  • the food taste reproduction system provides the taste element for reproducing the taste by combining a plurality of taste elements containing a substance that generates at least one basic taste with taste data obtained by quantifying the taste of food.
  • a first computer for converting into taste reproduction data relating to the composition ratio of the at least one of a plurality of taste elements based on the taste reproduction data, and combining the selected taste elements according to the composition ratio, And a taste reproduction device for obtaining a taste reproduction product.
  • the taste data is converted into taste reproduction data relating to the composition ratio of the taste elements. Based on the taste reproduction data, at least two taste elements are selected and the selected taste element is configured. By combining according to the ratio, a taste reproduction can be obtained.
  • the taste reproduction device further includes a shaping device that shapes the taste reproduction material into the shape of the food based on shape data relating to the shape of the food.
  • the modeling apparatus mixes a food base material with the taste element based on the food texture data relating to the food texture, and the food reproduction of the taste reproduction product. It is preferable to give a feeling.
  • the taste reproduction device further includes a coloring device that colors the taste reproduction based on color data relating to the food texture of the food.
  • the first computer refers to eater data related to an eater who eats the taste reproduction material, and selects the taste element corresponding to the eater. Alternatively, it is preferable to determine the amount of the taste element.
  • a taste sensor that outputs the taste as an electrical signal, and a second taste data that outputs the taste data that is digitized based on the electrical signal output from the taste sensor.
  • a computer that uses the instructions to calculate the taste data to calculate the taste data.
  • the taste reproduction device includes a plurality of containers that separately store a plurality of the taste elements, and at least two of the plurality of containers based on the taste reproduction data. It is preferable to include a supply unit that supplies an arbitrary amount of the taste element and a combination unit that combines a plurality of taste elements supplied from the supply unit.
  • the food taste reproduction data conversion device includes a processor and at least one external interface, and the processor outputs the food taste as an electric signal based on the electric signal output from the taste sensor.
  • a plurality of taste elements containing substances that generate at least one basic taste are combined in the first computer with taste data obtained by quantifying the taste of food. Converting into taste reproduction data relating to the composition ratio of the taste elements for reproducing the taste, and selecting at least two of the plurality of taste elements based on the taste reproduction data by the second computer and selecting And a step of controlling a taste reproduction device that combines the taste elements according to the composition ratio to obtain a taste reproduction product.
  • the taste data is converted into taste reproduction data relating to the component ratio of the taste elements, so that at least two taste elements are selected from the plurality of taste elements based on the taste reproduction data, and the selected taste element Can be combined according to the composition ratio to obtain a taste reproduction, so that the taste of the food can be easily reproduced based on the taste data.
  • the food taste reproduction system includes the taste element for reproducing the taste by combining a plurality of taste elements containing substances that generate at least one basic taste with taste data obtained by quantifying the taste of food.
  • a first computer for converting into taste reproduction data relating to the composition ratio of the user, and selecting at least two of the plurality of taste elements based on the taste reproduction data, and combining the selected taste elements according to the composition ratio
  • a taste reproduction device for obtaining a taste reproduction.
  • the food product includes food products before processing, cooking and cooking, processed food products, cooking products and food products, pharmaceutical products, and supplements obtained by processing, cooking or cooking at least one food product.
  • the state of the food is not particularly limited, and may be any of solid food, tablets, powders, granules, liquid beverages, gels (jellys), and the like.
  • the taste data is a numerical value of the taste sensed by the tongue, not the taste component data.
  • the taste data is, for example, a numerical value of the intensity of taste for each basic taste.
  • the basic tastes are, for example, five tastes felt on the human tongue, sour taste, bitter taste, sweet taste, salty taste, and umami taste, and pungent taste and astringent taste that stimulate pain sensation may be added. Furthermore, the taste can be distinguished from a “prior taste” that is immediately felt when food is contained in the mouth and a “after taste” that is felt later and remains until later. “Paste” includes “acidity,” “bitter taste,” “astringency,” “umami,” “salt taste,” and “sweetness”, and “aftertaste” includes “mineral bitterness”, “ “Food bitterness”, “Astringency”, and “Umami body” belong.
  • the taste data can be measured from a food sample using, for example, a taste recognition device equipped with a taste sensor.
  • the taste recognition device includes a taste sensor that outputs a food taste as an electrical signal, and a second computer that outputs taste data obtained by quantifying the food taste based on the electrical signal output from the taste sensor.
  • the taste sensor is a device that outputs a taste sensed by a human tongue as an electrical signal.
  • the taste sensor is, for example, a taste sensor using a lipid film disclosed in Patent Document 1, but is not particularly limited.
  • the taste recognition device detects the membrane potential of the taste sensor based on, for example, the container for containing the solution to be measured, the reference electrode, the taste sensor, and the potential of the reference electrode.
  • An output device printing, display, etc. for outputting is configured.
  • a taste recognition device equipped with a taste sensor using a lipid membrane is commercially available, for example, a taste recognition device TS-5000Z manufactured by Intelligent Sensor Technology Co., Ltd., but is not particularly limited.
  • the first computer which is a food taste reproduction data conversion device, converts taste data obtained by quantifying the food taste into taste elements containing at least one basic taste-producing substance. Are combined into a plurality of taste reproduction data relating to the composition ratio of taste elements for reproducing the taste of food.
  • the taste element is a substance containing a substance that produces at least one basic taste used to reproduce the taste of food.
  • Taste elements are not original food ingredients.
  • the taste element can be an ingredient itself (milk, barley tea, etc.), an extract of ingredients (coffee extract, etc.), a seasoning (sugar, salt, etc.) or a chemical substance (hydrochloric acid, citric acid, tartaric acid, caffeine, etc.) is there.
  • a single taste element may produce multiple basic tastes.
  • barley tea produces bitterness, richness and umami as basic tastes, but can be used as a taste element.
  • Taste reproduction data is information including at least two types of taste elements and their constituent ratios.
  • the taste reproduction device selects and selects at least two taste elements based on the taste reproduction data output from the first computer.
  • a taste reproduction is obtained by combining taste elements according to the composition ratio.
  • the taste reproduction is a thing with the same or similar taste as the original food.
  • the taste reproduction material does not need to be composed of the same ingredients as the original food, and it is sufficient if the eaten food can feel the same taste as the original food.
  • the state of the taste reproduction is not particularly limited. Any of solid, liquid, gas and colloid (including gel and sol) may be used, or a combination may be used.
  • the taste reproduction device reproduces the taste of the original food by combining a plurality of taste elements based on the taste reproduction data.
  • the combination includes, for example, a combination, a mix, and a blend.
  • the taste reproduction device includes, for example, a plurality of containers that separately store a plurality of taste elements, and a supply unit that supplies an arbitrary amount of taste elements from at least two of the plurality of containers based on taste reproduction data. And a combination unit in which a plurality of taste elements supplied from the supply unit are combined.
  • the combination unit forms a dispenser that discharges a plurality of taste elements from a container into a single container, a blender that mixes a plurality of taste elements, a mixer that mixes a plurality of taste elements, and a plurality of taste elements into a single object.
  • a dispenser that discharges a plurality of taste elements from a container into a single container
  • a blender that mixes a plurality of taste elements
  • a mixer that mixes a plurality of taste elements
  • a plurality of taste elements into a single object Includes modeling equipment.
  • the taste reproduction device further includes a shaping device that shapes the taste reproduction product into the shape of the food based on the shape data regarding the shape of the food.
  • the shape data is, for example, data obtained by reading the shape of food with a 3D scanner.
  • a 3D scanner is a device that senses irregularities on an object and captures it as 3D data.
  • a plurality of three-dimensional coordinate data (X, Y, Z) are acquired while irradiating the object with a laser or applying a pressure sensor, and point cloud data is output.
  • a 3D printer is a modeling device that solidifies materials little by little, and creates a three-dimensional object as designed.
  • the modeling methods mainly include powder sintering, hot melt extrusion, optical modeling, and ink jet method.
  • the modeling by the 3D printer is a combination of the case where modeling is performed on one object after mixing the taste elements and the case where modeling is performed on one object without mixing the taste elements. And includes.
  • the 3D data used for modeling by the 3D printer may be point source data output by the 3D scanner, or the point source data may be converted into a surface format and polygon data or the like may be used.
  • the format of 3D data is not particularly limited.
  • the modeling apparatus mixes the food base material with the taste element based on the food texture data related to the food texture and imparts the food texture to the taste reproduction.
  • the texture refers to the skin sensation in the oral cavity including teeth and tongue among the five senses felt when eating and drinking food. Specifically, this includes crunching, touching the tongue, and soaking the throat.
  • the texture data is, for example, information output by the texture measuring device.
  • the texture measuring device quantifies the texture of food using a pressure sensor or the like. More specifically, for example, in the case of elasticity, the texture measuring device presses a conical probe against food and measures the stress with a pressure sensor. Moreover, if it is hardness, a food texture measuring apparatus will cut
  • the food base material is a material for imparting a desired state to the food.
  • the food base material may be tasteless and odorless, or may have a taste or smell, and is not particularly limited.
  • a gel refers to a network structure of molecules swollen with a solvent that is neither solid nor liquid. Depending on its chemical composition and various factors, it changes from a soft viscous liquid to a hard solid.
  • Gel is solidified liquid with a gelling agent.
  • Gelling agents include chemical gels that crosslink by chemical bonds and physical gels that crosslink by physical association.
  • natural ingredients such as agar, gelatin and pectin are physical gels.
  • a taste reproduction product is formed using an inkjet method for a 3D printer and a physical gel for a food base material.
  • a gelling agent is added and dispersed in water, and the taste element is dissolved or dispersed in a liquid.
  • the mixture is warmed above the freezing temperature in a hot water bath and stirred slowly so as not to harden, so that the taste is uniform.
  • the water and the coagulant that are heated and stirred are added little by little and mixed.
  • the finally obtained mixture is output from a thin nozzle, and a shape is formed based on 3D data. Since the output moment is a soft gel, it is solidified instantaneously by applying a cooling gas. As a result, a taste reproduction is obtained.
  • the type and amount of the gelling agent By selecting the type and amount of the gelling agent, the hardness and elasticity can be changed, so it is easy to reproduce the texture of the original food. It is also possible to adjust the taste by changing the temperature of the gel.
  • the taste reproduction device further includes a coloring device for coloring the taste reproduction material based on color data relating to food texture.
  • the coloring device is, for example, an ink jet printer, and is configured to select edible ink based on color data and spray the taste reproduction material, but is not particularly limited.
  • Color data is information that the color scanner detects and outputs the color of food.
  • the reflected light of the laser irradiated onto the object by the 3D scanner described above is color-separated into RGB using a color filter or the like, each color of RGB is detected by an image sensor (CCD or the like), and an electrical signal is output.
  • the color scanner may be provided separately from the 3D scanner.
  • Gustatory elements may include nutrients such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, salt, sugar and alcohol.
  • nutrients such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins, salt, sugar and alcohol.
  • the first computer refers to the eater data related to the eater who eats the taste reproduction, and selects the taste element according to the eater, Preferably, the amount of taste element is determined.
  • Feeder data includes information directly related to the type and amount of nutrients that a drinker should take, as well as the choice and amount of taste elements such as salt and sugar limits, and the age, gender of the feeder. Includes both indirect information referenced to determine the selection and amount of taste elements, such as activity status, activity schedule, physical condition, symptoms, results of physiological tests, and the like.
  • the information about the environment when the eating person eats the taste reproduction material may be included in the eating person data.
  • a taste change due to an environment such as saltiness becomes difficult to occur. Therefore, it is preferable to perform conversion into taste reproduction data in consideration thereof.
  • the first computer may output the taste reproduction data converted from the taste data to the taste reproduction device, or may store it in the storage device.
  • the taste reproduction device When the first computer outputs the taste reproduction data to the taste reproduction device, for example, the taste reproduction device is connected to the first computer by a communication cable such as a serial cable, and data transfer communication between information devices is performed. Taste reproduction data may be transferred.
  • a communication cable such as a serial cable
  • the first computer when the first computer stores the taste reproduction data in the storage device, the first computer may output the taste reproduction data to the connected storage device and store it. In this case, the first computer reads the taste reproduction data stored in the storage device in response to a request from the taste reproduction apparatus, and transmits it to the taste reproduction apparatus.
  • the first computer itself may be a server connected by a network such as the Internet or a LAN.
  • the server reads the taste reproduction data stored in the storage device in response to a request from the taste reproduction device, and transmits it to the taste reproduction device.
  • the first computer may transmit the taste reproduction data to a separately provided server and store it.
  • the server reads the taste reproduction data stored in the storage device in response to a request from the taste reproduction device, and transmits it to the taste reproduction device.
  • the taste reproduction data is requested from the third computer that can be connected to the taste reproduction device to the first computer or the server, not from the taste reproduction device, and the third computer performs the taste reproduction.
  • Data may be received once and output to the taste reproduction device.
  • a taste reproduction device is connected to a third computer by a communication cable such as a serial cable, or wireless communication such as Bluetooth (registered trademark) or WiFi.
  • the taste reproduction data may be transferred by data transfer communication between them.
  • the first computer may store taste reproduction data in the memory card in the connected memory card writer.
  • a memory card reader is connected to the taste reproduction device or the third computer, and the taste reproduction data is read from the memory card.
  • the first computer transmits the taste reproduction data to a third computer connected by, for example, Bluetooth or WiFi, and stores the taste reproduction data in a memory or a storage device of the third computer.
  • the taste reproduction data may be output to the taste reproduction device.
  • the first computer converts the taste reproduction data into a barcode, outputs it to a medium such as paper, and shoots it with a camera provided in the third computer, recognizes the barcode, and converts it into taste reproduction data. Then, the third computer may output the taste reproduction data to the taste reproduction device.
  • the means for passing the taste reproduction data from the first computer to the taste reproduction device is various, and is not limited to any one.
  • the first computer When the second computer outputs taste data to the first computer, for example, the first computer is connected to the second computer via a communication cable such as a serial cable, and data transfer communication between information devices is performed. , Taste data may be transferred. Further, the first computer may be connected to the second computer via a network, and the taste data may be transferred to the first computer via the network. A plurality of second computers may be connected to the first computer.
  • the second computer may be connected to another computer other than the first computer with a communication cable, and the other computer may be connected to the first computer via a network.
  • the taste data is transferred from the second computer to the other computer via the communication cable, and the other computer transmits the taste data to the first computer via the network.
  • first computer may also serve as the second computer. That is, one computer may realize both functions of the first computer and the second computer.
  • the first computer may be read as the first processor and the second computer as the second processor, and two processors may be driven in one computer to realize different functions.
  • the first computer also serves as the second computer, and the first computer stores taste reproduction data in a server provided on a network such as the Internet.
  • a third computer that can be connected to the taste reproduction device may be provided separately, and the third computer may acquire taste reproduction data from the server and output it to the taste reproduction device.
  • the first computer uses the taste data obtained by quantifying the food taste to combine the taste elements to reproduce the food taste. It is converted into taste reproduction data related to the composition ratio. Then, the taste reproduction device selects at least two of the plurality of taste elements based on the taste reproduction data, and combines the selected taste elements according to the composition ratio included in the taste reproduction data to obtain a taste reproduction Can do.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a food taste reproduction system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a food taste reproduction system 1 according to the present embodiment includes a taste recognition device 2, a 3D scanner 3, a texture measurement device 4, a first terminal 5, the Internet 6, a server 7, a second terminal 8, and a taste reproduction device 9. It comprises.
  • a single taste recognition device 2 a 3D scanner 3, a first terminal 5, a second terminal 8, and a taste reproduction device 9 are illustrated, but there are many. Also good.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing computer hardware in the food taste reproduction system according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the computer 100 includes a central control unit 101, a network interface 102, a serial interface 103, a storage device 104, and a memory 105.
  • the central control unit 101 controls each unit of the computer 100.
  • the central control unit 101 includes a CPU (Central Processing Unit) and the like, and performs various control operations using the memory 105 according to the OS and various processing programs.
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • the network interface 102 which is an example of the external interface, performs data communication via the Internet 6, for example.
  • the serial interface 103 which is an example of an external interface, performs data communication with an external device via a communication cable or the like according to a serial bus standard such as USB (Universal Serial Bus), for example.
  • a serial bus standard such as USB (Universal Serial Bus)
  • USB Universal Serial Bus
  • a parallel interface can be used.
  • the storage device 104 which is a storage device, is composed of, for example, a nonvolatile memory and stores various programs and data necessary for the operation of the central control unit 101.
  • the memory 105 which is a storage device, is composed of, for example, a DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory) or the like, and is a buffer memory that temporarily stores data processed by the central control unit 101 or the like, or a working of the central control unit 101 or the like. Functions as a memory.
  • a DRAM Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • the first terminal 5, the server 7, and the second terminal 8 can be realized by appropriately preparing programs and data in accordance with the purpose.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a taste recognition device in the food taste reproduction system according to the present embodiment.
  • the taste recognition device 2 includes a container 31 for containing a solution to be measured 32, a taste sensor 33, a reference electrode 34, a voltage detection circuit 35, an A / D conversion circuit 36, and an arithmetic processing circuit 37. is doing.
  • the taste sensor 33 is a taste sensor using a lipid membrane described in Patent Document 1, but is not particularly limited.
  • the voltage detection circuit 35 detects the membrane potential of the taste sensor 33 based on the potential of the reference electrode 34.
  • the A / D conversion circuit 36 converts the output of the voltage detection circuit 35 into a digital value.
  • the arithmetic processing circuit 37 performs processing such as arithmetic on the output of the A / D conversion circuit 36.
  • Taste data that is an output of the arithmetic processing circuit 37 is sent to the first terminal 5 (see FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a 3D scanner in the food taste reproduction system according to the present embodiment.
  • the 3D scanner 3 includes a laser light source 41 that irradiates the entire food 42 with a laser, a filter 43 that separates the laser reflected from the surface of the food 42 into RGB, and RGB colors.
  • An image sensor 44 that senses and outputs as an electrical signal
  • an A / D conversion circuit 45 that converts an electrical signal output from the image sensor 44 into a digital value
  • the image processing circuit 46 performs image processing on the image data and outputs it as shape data and color data.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the texture measuring apparatus in the food taste reproduction system according to the present embodiment.
  • the food texture measuring device 4 includes a probe 51 pressed against the food 42, an actuator 52 that drives the probe 51, a pressure sensor 53 that detects stress when the probe 51 is pressed against the food, and outputs it as an electrical signal, a pressure sensor
  • the A / D conversion circuit 54 that performs A / D conversion on the electrical signal output from the 53 and converts it to a digital value, and the output of the A / D conversion circuit 45 are subjected to processing such as computation and output as food texture data.
  • an arithmetic processing circuit 55 that performs the processing.
  • a computer 100 constituting the first terminal 5 which is an example of the second computer according to the present embodiment receives a mouse and a keyboard (not shown) for accepting an operation by the operator as necessary. And a display (not shown) for displaying taste data and the like.
  • the user interface for accepting an operation by the operator is not limited to a mask and a keyboard, and may be, for example, an electrostatic or pressure sensitive touch panel, and is not particularly limited.
  • the display may be a touch panel display, and may also serve as a user interface and a display device.
  • the central control unit 101 controls the serial interface 103, and taste data, shape data, color data and food from the taste recognition device 2, the 3D scanner 3 and the texture measurement device 4. Receive feeling data.
  • the central control unit 101 is configured to store information related to taste elements used by the taste reproduction device 9 in the storage device 104.
  • the central control unit 101 performs a process of converting the taste data into taste reproduction data related to the composition ratio of the taste elements for reproducing the taste of food by combining a plurality of taste elements used by the taste reproduction device 9. It is configured.
  • the storage device 104 of the computer 100 constituting the first terminal 5 stores information on taste elements used by the taste reproduction device 9.
  • the information on the taste element includes, for example, information for identifying the taste element, the type of basic taste in which the taste element is generated, and the intensity of the basic taste.
  • the information for specifying the taste element is, for example, the name of the taste element or the identification information (hereinafter referred to as cartridge ID) of the cartridge (to be described later) containing the taste element of the taste reproduction device 9. It is not limited.
  • taste element table as shown in Table 1 below.
  • one taste element produces one basic taste, but one taste element may produce multiple basic tastes.
  • a plurality of basic taste types and their strengths are associated with one cartridge ID.
  • the central control unit 101 constituting the first terminal 5 refers to the taste element table shown in Table 1 based on the taste data, and sets the taste element so as to produce the same or similar taste as the taste of the food. Select and determine the amount, and generate taste reproduction data.
  • the central control unit 101 adds information about food input by an operator via a mouse or a keyboard to taste reproduction data, shape data, color data, and texture data, and outputs the data as a network interface 102. And is transmitted to the server 7 via the Internet 6.
  • the information regarding food is, for example, a food name.
  • the Internet 6 includes a local area network such as a LAN or WiFi, a mobile communication network, and an Internet backbone network, but is not particularly limited.
  • the central control unit 101 receives the output data from the first terminal 5, and the storage device 104 Is configured to store.
  • the central control unit 101 constituting the server 7 controls the network interface 102, receives a request including information about food from the second terminal 8 via the Internet 6, and relates to the food included in the request.
  • Output data corresponding to the information is read from the storage device 104, controlled by the network interface 102, and transmitted to the second terminal 8 via the Internet 6.
  • a computer 100 constituting the second terminal 8 which is an example of the third computer according to the present embodiment has a mouse and a keyboard (not shown) for accepting an operation by the operator as necessary. And a display (not shown) for displaying taste data and the like.
  • the user interface for accepting an operation by the operator is not limited to a mask and a keyboard, and may be, for example, an electrostatic or pressure sensitive touch panel, and is not particularly limited.
  • the display may be a touch panel display, and may also serve as a user interface and a display device.
  • the second terminal 8 is a personal computer, a smartphone, a tablet, or the like, but is not particularly limited.
  • the central control unit 101 configuring the second terminal 8 is configured to transmit a request for output data including information about food to the server 7.
  • the central control unit 101 is configured to control the network interface 102 from the server 7, receive output data via the Internet 6, and store it in the storage device 104 or the memory 105.
  • the central control unit 101 constituting the second terminal 8 is configured to transmit the output data stored in the storage device 104 or the memory 105 to the taste reproducing device 9 via the serial interface 103. .
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the taste reproduction device according to the present embodiment.
  • the taste reproduction device 9 includes a central control unit 61, a memory 62, a serial interface 63, a 3D printer 64, an inkjet printer 65, and a conveyor 66.
  • the central control unit 61, the memory 62, and the serial interface 63 are the same as those of the computer 100 described with reference to FIG.
  • the 3D printer 64 is configured to create a shaped object composed of taste elements based on taste reproduction data and shape data in accordance with a control signal from the central control unit 61.
  • the ink jet printer 65 is configured to color the modeled object based on the color data in accordance with a control signal from the central control unit 61.
  • the conveyor 66 that is a transport device is configured to transport a modeled object created by the 3D printer 64 to the inkjet printer 65 in accordance with a control signal from the central control unit 61.
  • the conveyor 66 is, for example, a belt conveyor or a robot arm, but is not particularly limited.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing a 3D printer in the taste reproduction device according to the present embodiment. Note that each unit of the 3D printer 64 is electrically connected to the central control unit 61 and is configured to operate according to a control signal input from the central control unit 61. However, for convenience, connection cables and the like are not illustrated. Absent.
  • the 3D printer 64 includes a plurality of cartridges 71a to 71x, which is an example of a container. Each cartridge 71a to 71x contains a different taste element. The number of cartridges 71a to 71x is not particularly limited as long as it is at least two.
  • dispensers 72a to 72x are provided on the output sides of the cartridges 71a to 71x, respectively.
  • the dispensers 72a to 72x discharge the taste elements accommodated in the cartridges 71a to 71x in an arbitrary amount.
  • the 3D printer 64 is also provided with a tank 73 containing water.
  • the tank 73 is provided with a dispenser 74.
  • the 3D printer 64 also includes a tank 75 that contains a gelling agent.
  • a dispenser 76 is provided in the tank 75.
  • a first agitation tank 77 is provided at the output destination of the plurality of dispensers 72a to 72x, 74, and 76.
  • a mixer 77 a for mixing and stirring the contents is provided inside the first stirring tank 77.
  • the 1st stirring tank 77 is immersed in the hot water bath 78 with a heater, and it is comprised so that the 1st stirring tank 77 can be heated at 80 degreeC, for example.
  • the 3D printer 64 includes a second stirring tank 79.
  • a tank 80 containing water and a tank 81 containing a coagulant are connected to the second stirring tank 79.
  • Dispensers 82 and 83 are provided on the output sides of the tanks 80 and 81, respectively.
  • a mixer 79 a is provided inside the second stirring tank 79. Moreover, the 2nd stirring tank 79 is immersed in the hot water bath 84 with a heater, and it is comprised so that the 2nd stirring tank 79 can be heated at 80 degreeC, for example.
  • a dispenser 85 is provided on the output side of the second stirring tank 79, and its output destination is connected to the first stirring tank 77.
  • a printer head 86 is connected to the first stirring tank 77.
  • the printer head 86 includes a print nozzle 86a and a blower nozzle 86b. From the print nozzle 86a, a gel (mixture C described later), which is contained in the first stirring tank 77, gradually flows out.
  • a cooling gas source 87 is connected to the blowing nozzle 86b, and the cooling gas is blown out to cool and solidify the gel flowing out from the print nozzle 86a.
  • the printer head 86 can move along the x-axis direction when the left-right direction with respect to the paper surface is the x-axis, the vertical direction with respect to the paper surface is the y-axis, and the vertical direction with respect to the paper surface is the z-axis.
  • the actuator 88 is an example of a driving device.
  • a stage 89 is disposed below the printer head 86.
  • the stage 89 is attached to an actuator 90 that is an example of a drive device so as to be movable in the y-axis and z-axis directions.
  • the inkjet printer 65 is not particularly limited as long as it is compatible with general 3D printing.
  • the ink jet printer 65 is, for example, an ink cartridge containing edible ink corresponding to cyan, magenta, yellow, and black, a printer head, a printer head control unit that drives and controls the printer head, and a movable type on which a model is placed. Stage, and a stage drive unit for driving and controlling the stage.
  • FIG. 8 is a sequence diagram showing each step of the food taste reproduction method according to the present embodiment.
  • the food taste reproduction method mainly includes three stages: acquisition of taste data, conversion to taste reproduction data, and taste reproduction.
  • (A) Acquisition of Taste Data As shown in FIG. 8, first, taste data is acquired (S101). The acquisition of taste data is performed using the taste recognition device 2 (see FIG. 3). First, a solution to be measured 32 in which a part of the original food is dissolved is placed in the container 31 of the taste recognition device 2. Next, the voltage detection circuit 35 detects the membrane potential of the taste sensor 33 based on the potential of the reference electrode 34. Next, the A / D conversion circuit 36 converts the output of the voltage detection circuit 35 into a digital value. Then, the arithmetic processing circuit 37 performs processing such as arithmetic on the output of the A / D conversion circuit 36, and transmits the taste data as a result to the first terminal 5 (see FIG. 1).
  • the shape data and color data of the food are acquired using the 3D scanner 3 (see FIG. 4) (S102).
  • food texture data of food is obtained using the food texture measuring device 4 (see FIG. 5) (S103).
  • the computer 100 constituting the first terminal 5 is for reproducing taste of food by combining a plurality of taste elements used by the taste reproduction device 9 with the taste data. Is converted into taste reproduction data relating to the composition ratio of the taste elements (S104).
  • the amount a of the gelling agent with respect to water, the amount b of the coagulant with respect to water, and a mixture B (described later) in which the coagulant is mixed with water are added to the taste element, the gelling agent and the water.
  • the amount c to be mixed with the mixture A (described later) is determined.
  • the determined quantities a, b, and c are referred to as food texture reproduction data.
  • the computer 100 constituting the first terminal 5 (refer to FIG. 1) adds information on the food input by the operator to the taste reproduction data, shape data, color data, and texture data.
  • the output data is added and sent to the server 7 via the Internet 6 (S105).
  • the computer 100 constituting the server 7 stores the output data in the storage device 104 (S106).
  • the central control unit 101 constituting the second terminal 8 (see FIG. 1) is operated by an operator via a mouse and a keyboard (not shown). Based on the performed operation, the network interface 102 is controlled, and a request for desired output data is transmitted to the server 7 (S107). For example, the central control unit 101 acquires information about food (for example, food name) from the output data stored in the server 7 from the server 7 and displays it on a display (not shown) as a list. Next, the central control unit 101 accepts a selection for one of the information about the food that the operator has performed using the mouse and the keyboard. Next, the central control unit 101 controls the network interface 102 to transmit a request including information regarding the selected food to the server 7 via the Internet 6.
  • information about food for example, food name
  • the central control unit 101 controls the network interface 102 to transmit a request including information regarding the selected food to the server 7 via the Internet 6.
  • the server 7 reads out the output data corresponding to the information about the food contained in the request from the storage device 104 (see FIG. 2), and transmits it to the second terminal 8 (S108).
  • the second terminal 8 controls the serial interface 103 and outputs the output data received from the server 7 to the taste reproduction device 9 (S109).
  • the taste reproduction device 9 reproduces the food using the received product data.
  • a shaping process is performed using taste reproduction data and food texture reproduction data among the output data (S110).
  • the 3D printer 64 discharges water from the tank 73 by the dispenser 74 and supplies it to the first stirring tank 77.
  • the gelling agent is discharged from the tank 75 by the dispenser 76 according to the quantity a included in the taste reproduction data, supplied to the first stirring tank 77, and dispersed in water.
  • the 3D printer 64 discharges the taste elements from the cartridges 71a to 71x by the dispensers 72a to 72x according to the taste reproduction data, supplies the taste elements to the first stirring tank 77, and dissolves the taste elements in the water in which the gel is dispersed.
  • the mixture A is obtained by dispersing.
  • the mixture A is heated in a hot water bath 78 to a temperature higher than the solidification temperature of agar, for example, 80 ° C., and is slowly stirred with a mixer 77a so as not to harden, so that the taste becomes uniform.
  • the 3D printer 64 discharges water and a coagulant from the tanks 80 and 81 by the dispensers 72 and 83, supplies the water and the coagulant to the second stirring tank 79, and the mixer 79a. Mix to obtain Mixture B.
  • the mixture B is heated to, for example, 80 ° C. in the hot water bath 84.
  • the mixture B is mixed in the first stirring tank 77 by the mixer 77a, and the mixture B is dispensed from the second stirring tank 79 using the dispenser 85 according to the quantity c included in the texture reproduction data. Is discharged to the first stirring tank 77 and mixed with the mixture A to obtain a mixture C.
  • the 3D printer 64 performs modeling using the mixture C.
  • the 3D printer 64 outputs the mixture C from the print nozzle 86a of the printer head 86, and moves the printer head 86 and the stage 89 based on the shape data to form a shape. Since the mixture C is in a soft gel state at the moment when it is output, the cooling gas is applied to the mixture C from the blower nozzle 86b and solidifies instantaneously. In this way, a model is obtained.
  • the modeled object is unloaded from the 3D printer 64 and conveyed to the inkjet printer 65 by the conveyor 66 (see FIG. 6).
  • the inkjet printer 65 colors the modeled object according to the color data (S111). For example, the ink jet printer 65 performs coloring by spraying edible ink from the printer head toward the modeled object while the printer head control unit moves the printer head and the stage driving unit moves the stage. As a result, a taste reproduction that reproduces the taste, texture and color of the original food is obtained.
  • the taste data of the original food is converted into taste reproduction data by the server 7.
  • the 3D printer 64 selects at least two of the plurality of cartridges 71a to 71x based on the types of taste elements included in the taste reproduction data, and the component ratio included in the taste reproduction data (In this embodiment, according to the amount (g) per 100 g of food), the taste elements are supplied to the first stirring tank 77 by the dispensers 72a to 72x, and a plurality of taste elements are combined to reproduce the taste of the original food. can do.
  • the 3D printer 64 uses a gelling agent and a coagulant as a food base material for the taste element, the amount a of the gelling agent in water included in the texture reproduction data, the amount b of the coagulant in water, and Based on the amount c of the mixture B with respect to the mixture A, the hardness and elasticity of the taste element taste reproduction can be adjusted, and the food texture can be imparted to the taste reproduction.
  • the 3D printer 64 can reconstruct the shape of the original food by modeling the mixture C in which the taste element, the gelling agent, the coagulant and water are mixed according to the shape data.
  • the ink jet printer 65 can reproduce the color of the original food by coloring the shaped object according to the color data.
  • the taste reproduction device 9 can be used to create a taste reproduction anytime, anywhere. Be able to eat beyond space.
  • the shape, color and texture are reproduced in addition to the taste of the original food, but the odor of the food may be reproduced.
  • the odor data of the food is acquired by the odor recognition device provided with the odor sensor and added to the output data.
  • the odor data is converted into odor reproduction data composed of the type and blending ratio of the fragrance.
  • the 3D printer 64 of the taste reproduction device 9 is provided with a cartridge containing a fragrance in addition to the cartridges 71a to 71x containing taste elements.
  • the taste reproduction device 9 uses the odor reproduction data together with the taste reproduction data, causes the 3D printer 64 to supply a predetermined amount of the fragrance from the cartridge based on the type and mixing ratio of the fragrance, and adds the fragrance to the mixture C. As a result, a food odor is imparted to the food reproduction.
  • the second terminal 8 and the taste reproduction device 9 are separate, but both may be a single device.
  • output data including taste reproduction data is stored in the server 7, transmitted to the second terminal 8 via the Internet 6, and input from the second terminal 8 to the taste reproduction device 9.
  • the route for inputting the output data to the taste reproduction device 9 is not limited to this.
  • output data is downloaded from the server 7 to a communication terminal device such as a smartphone or a tablet, and stored in a local storage device.
  • the user may transfer the output data from the communication terminal device to the taste reproduction device 9 by near field communication such as Bluetooth, for example.
  • the output data may be stored in a memory card which is an example of a recording medium, and the output data may be read from the memory card with a memory card reader connected to the second terminal 8 and used. In this case, the output data can be stored in the recording medium and distributed.
  • the solid food is reproduced with the same taste and the same shape.
  • the solid food may be reproduced with a different shape or property.
  • a solid dish may be reproduced as a liquid beverage that produces the same taste.
  • you may reproduce a liquid drink with the solid dish or tablet which produces the same taste.
  • the taste of the taste reproduction may differ from the taste normally recalled from its shape and color.
  • a fish grilled with salt but the taste may be sauteed chicken.
  • the shape and taste of the texture reproduction are normal, but the color may be different from normal.
  • a taste reproduction having a blue color and a tomato ketchup taste can be considered.
  • the appearance and texture of the taste reproduction may be different.
  • the present invention can also be applied to reproducing the taste of an animal other than a person.
  • the taste reproduction device 9 can easily make a taste reproduction anytime and anywhere. Thereby, the following applications are possible.
  • a taste element containing nutrients such as iron, calcium, and vitamins is prepared.
  • the type and amount of nutrients to be ingested are determined in accordance with the symptoms and physical condition of the patient and the care recipient at a hospital or a care facility, and transmitted to the server 7 as nutrition data.
  • the server 7 selects a taste element containing a desired nutrient based on the taste data, and generates taste reproduction data.
  • a taste reproduction device 9 creates a taste reproduction.
  • the resulting taste reproduction can produce a taste of the original food and can contain nutrients different from the original food. For this reason, if a patient and a care recipient require a taste reproduction, the patient can take in necessary nutrients while tasting the taste of the original food.
  • notification of predetermined information is not limited to explicitly performed, but is performed implicitly (for example, by not performing notification of the predetermined information). May be.
  • the present invention it is possible to obtain a taste reproduction that reproduces the taste of the original food anytime, anywhere, and in particular, food provision, medical care, care, emergency food and nutritional food provision, food And can be suitably used for cooking research and the like.

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Abstract

La présente invention a pour but de reproduire facilement le goût d'un produit alimentaire sur la base de données de goût. Dans un système de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire (1), des données de goût, dans lesquelles le goût d'un produit alimentaire a été numérisé, sont obtenues par un dispositif de reconnaissance de goût (2). Un premier terminal (5) combine une pluralité d'éléments de goût, contenant une substance produisant au moins un arôme fondamental, en fonction des données de goût et convertit la pluralité d'éléments de goût en données de reproduction de goût concernant le rapport de constituants d'éléments de goût pour reproduire le goût d'un produit alimentaire. Le premier terminal (5) transmet les données de reproduction de goût à un serveur (7) pour stocker les données de reproduction de goût. Un second terminal (8) reçoit les données de reproduction de goût par l'intermédiaire d'Internet (6), et fournit les données de reproduction de goût à un dispositif de reproduction de goût (9). Le dispositif de reproduction de goût (9) sélectionne au moins deux éléments de goût parmi la pluralité d'éléments de goût, en fonction des données de reproduction de goût, et combine les éléments de goût sélectionnés en fonction du rapport de constituants pour obtenir la reproduction du goût.
PCT/JP2017/010562 2016-03-17 2017-03-16 Système de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire, dispositif de conversion de données de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire et procédé de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire WO2017159765A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (5)

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KR1020187027456A KR102415095B1 (ko) 2016-03-17 2017-03-16 식품 미각 재현 시스템, 식품 미각 재현 데이터 변환 장치 및 식품 미각 재현 방법
EP17766761.5A EP3430912B1 (fr) 2016-03-17 2017-03-16 Système de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire, dispositif de conversion de données de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire et procédé de reproduction de goût de produit alimentaire
CN201780017554.4A CN108777982A (zh) 2016-03-17 2017-03-16 食品味道重现系统、食品味道重现数据转换装置及食品味道重现方法
US16/085,286 US10973247B2 (en) 2016-03-17 2017-03-16 Food taste reproduction system, food taste reproduction data conversion apparatus, and food taste reproduction method
ES17766761T ES2905801T3 (es) 2016-03-17 2017-03-16 Sistema de reproducción de sabor de productos alimenticios, dispositivo de conversión de datos de reproducción de sabor de productos alimenticios y método de reproducción de sabor de productos alimenticios

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JP2016-053311 2016-03-17
JP2016053311A JP6644591B2 (ja) 2016-03-17 2016-03-17 食品味覚再現システム

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EP (1) EP3430912B1 (fr)
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EP3430912A4 (fr) 2019-10-16
US10973247B2 (en) 2021-04-13
US20190082722A1 (en) 2019-03-21
EP3430912A1 (fr) 2019-01-23
CN108777982A (zh) 2018-11-09
KR20180121927A (ko) 2018-11-09
JP6644591B2 (ja) 2020-02-12
KR102415095B1 (ko) 2022-06-30
EP3430912B1 (fr) 2021-12-01
ES2905801T3 (es) 2022-04-12

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