WO2017153790A1 - Installation et procédé de production de bâtiments par impression tridimensionnelle - Google Patents
Installation et procédé de production de bâtiments par impression tridimensionnelle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017153790A1 WO2017153790A1 PCT/HU2017/000015 HU2017000015W WO2017153790A1 WO 2017153790 A1 WO2017153790 A1 WO 2017153790A1 HU 2017000015 W HU2017000015 W HU 2017000015W WO 2017153790 A1 WO2017153790 A1 WO 2017153790A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- building
- boom
- crane
- crane structure
- printing
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000007639 printing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010006 flight Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
- E04G21/0436—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose on a mobile support, e.g. truck
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J18/00—Arms
- B25J18/02—Arms extensible
- B25J18/025—Arms extensible telescopic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/0008—Balancing devices
- B25J19/002—Balancing devices using counterweights
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J5/00—Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages
- B25J5/02—Manipulators mounted on wheels or on carriages travelling along a guideway
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Programme-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/02—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type
- B25J9/04—Programme-controlled manipulators characterised by movement of the arms, e.g. cartesian coordinate type by rotating at least one arm, excluding the head movement itself, e.g. cylindrical coordinate type or polar coordinate type
- B25J9/041—Cylindrical coordinate type
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/16—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes with jibs supported by columns, e.g. towers having their lower end mounted for slewing movements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/18—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes
- B66C23/26—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes specially adapted for use in particular purposes for use on building sites; constructed, e.g. with separable parts, to facilitate rapid assembly or dismantling, for operation at successively higher levels, for transport by road or rail
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
- E04G21/0445—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms
- E04G21/0463—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose with booms with boom control mechanisms, e.g. to automate concrete distribution
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
- E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
- E04G21/02—Conveying or working-up concrete or similar masses able to be heaped or cast
- E04G21/04—Devices for both conveying and distributing
- E04G21/0418—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose
- E04G21/0427—Devices for both conveying and distributing with distribution hose on a static support, e.g. crane
Definitions
- the subject of the invention is installation and method for producing buildings by three- dimensional printing, the essential part of which is an automatic crane structure, that moves a printing head in three dimensions, which is capable of building walls by placing horizontal layers on one another made of quickly setting concrete.
- the fields of application of the invention include all constructions, where the building can be made from concrete, and the height and allocation of walls allow the printing head of the installation to reach all parts of the building.
- the aim of the invention was to create an installation with a structure and associated procedure, which could be brought to operating condition within a short period of time after delivering it to the construction site, while allowing the construction up to the plot border, and the use of large working areas.
- the invention is an installation for producing buildings by three-dimensional printing, which installation has a crane structure that can rotate in lateral direction, on the top part of which crane structure there is telescoping boom, which is balanced with a counterweight consisting of multiple parts, on the end of which boom a printing head is mounted, which is capable of delivering materials suitable for three dimensional printing.
- the crane structure is placed on a horizontal rail system which is capable of lateral movement, which rail system, together with crane structure mounted on it, is placed within the building to be produced by three dimensional printing, so that the crane structure can reach all parts of the building to be produced by extending its boom and by moving laterally on the rail system
- the crane structure consists of a crane base plate, a rotating gear placed on it, a crane body, and a vertical linear bench that can move at the height of the crane structure, on which vertical linear bench a telescopic boom and a counterweight boom is mounted, on which counterweight boom a counterweight is located, while the stator and the rotor of the three dimensional printing head are fixed to a correction drive unit at the end of the boom
- the crane structure contains detectors, one of which is the twist detector, which detects and measures the twist of the crane body of the crane structure, wherein the other detector is the deflection detector, which detects and measures the deflection of the boom, and furthermore, there is a
- the rail system that allows the horizontal movement of the crane structure, is build from one or more elements, by which the movement range of the crane structure can be extended as required.
- the boom and in the given case the counterweight boom is lifted by means of chain hoist motors from above.
- the crane structure can be divided into two parts along its height, i.e. a lower unit and an upper unit, thus making sure that the transporting vehicle carrying the crane structure does not belong to the oversized freight category.
- the correction drive unit located immediately in front of the printing head can move the printing head horizontally and vertically for the purpose of correcting undesirable movements caused by the distortions of the crane structure.
- the boom consists of sections that can be pushed into one another, so that the printing head and its movable rotor can be located at a radius less than the minimum length of the boom when the sections are pushed into one another.
- the invention is furthermore a method for producing buildings by three dimensional printing, primarily with the use of installation according to the invention, during the application of which method a crane structure is used that can be rotated in lateral direction and its height can be varied, and the construction of the wall of the building takes place by placing layers on the top of one another by means of three dimensional printing, where the said layers get solidified after printing.
- the necessary construction material is placed in layers along routes and locations according to a program prepared on the basis of the structure and locations of the walls of the building by means of a printing head mounted on the crane structure, which rests on the rail system within the building, where the said construction material is composed of previously determined plastic material and various additives used for three dimensional printing, and the printing head deposits a layer all along this route during the construction of the building, and then continues with placing of the next layer above on the basis of the program corresponding to the structure of the building until the given building or building part is completed.
- no wall shell is printed along the vertical void of lines to be installed in the wall shell of the building, and the wall bracing behind the void is aligned to run directly next to the wall shell in the vicinity of the void.
- no wall shell is printed along the horizontal void of lines to be installed in the wall shells of the building, and C profile is installed instead at its bottom and top, where the open part of the said C profile is at the external side of the wall.
- no wall shell is printed along the horizontal void of lines to be installed in the wall shells of the building, and horizontal perforated plate is installed below it, on which more layers are printed at the location of wall shell aligned directly inwards up to the height of the void, and another horizontal perforated plate is placed on it, and on which a layer is printed at the place of the wall shell aligned directly inwards.
- the material used as plastic base material is plastic concrete, in the given case traditional concrete or concrete with additives, while the material used as additive is fibre reinforcement or setting accelerator.
- the deviation of position caused by torsion of the crane structure and the deviation of the boom is adjusted as well as is re-adjusted during the method for which the extension of the counterweight located at the end of the counterweight boom is calculated by the central control of the installation from the extension of the boom, wherein the correction is executed by the correction drive unit located at the end of the boom, which corrects the twist of the crane body and the deflection of the boom with horizontal correction and vertical correction movement, for which purpose the twist of the crane body is measured by a laser operated measuring system using twist detector fixed to the rotating gear of the crane, which directs the laser beam to the vertical linear bench, and the deflection of the boom is measured by a laser operated measuring system using a deflection detector fixed to the vertical linear bench, which directs the laser beam to the end of the boom, wherein the data provided by the two measuring systems are transmitted to the unit performing the central control of the installation, on the basis of which the unit calculates the values of vertical correction and the horizontal correction for
- a transom element having a thickness equivalent to a layer is placed in the layer below and above the voids of doors and windows of the construction building, so that the it extends beyond the void in both direction by a distance corresponding to at least the printing width.
- the wall shell of the constructed building is prepared higher than the wall bracing by one or more layers, on which a grid can be placed having a mesh, through which the printed plastic construction material cannot flow, on which grid one or more layers of construction material are placed until the full cross section of the walls becomes equal.
- the a floor slab formwork is produced by printing the external wall shell of the of the constructed building up to the elevation of the planned floor slab.
- the layers of the stairs in the building are prepared at the same height as the layers of the wall in parallel to them, so that a grid is placed below the new stair step before printing, which has a proper mesh not to allow the material printed on it to flow through.
- temporary column is prepared from the material of the wall below the grid that has been placed beneath the stair steps in the building, which column can be removed after the full solidification of the stairs.
- the dimensions of the constructed building exceed the working range of the crane structure, then it can be relocated with the help of a crane for adding further walls, and the rest of the parts are constructed in a way the original wall section at the plot border is made from layers each of them being situated at a given distance inwards relative to the previous layer.
- the dimensions of the constructed building exceed the working range of the crane structure, then more than one crane structures can be deployed to the area of the building, which can be operated simultaneously with appropriate harmonisation of their operation for constructing the building, so that a new layer could be initiated only after all the machines completed the previous layer, and if two heads are bound to come closer to each other then the lower limit during printing, then one of the heads is retracted in radial direction to a specified distance, and then the movement of this head is suspended until the distance between the two heads reaches an upper limit, upon which the head returns to its original position and resumes its travel according to the program.
- Fig. 1 shows the location of the installation according to the invention within the building in operating condition
- Fig. 2 shows the components and movements of the installation according to the invention in operating position
- Fig. 3 shows the installation according to the invention in transporting position when it is disassembled into constituent parts
- Fig. 4 shows the boom system of the invention in extended and retracted positions
- the Fig. 5 shows the block diagram of the structural units and operation of the invention
- the Fig. 6 shows the wall structure belonging to the construction technology, as well as the solution of voids for doors and windows.
- Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the structure of the voids serving for installing the lines 37
- the Fig. 9 shows the solution belonging to the construction technology associated with the reception of floor slab 44
- Fig. 10 shows the connection belonging to the construction technology of the subsequently constructed walls
- Fig. 11 shows the architectural solution of the stairs belonging to the construction technology.
- Fig. 1 shows the location of the installation according to the invention within the building in operating condition.
- the building 9 can be seen in the figure, at the middle of which the crane structure 10 is located together with the horizontal rail system 11.
- Fig. 2 shows the components and movements of the installation according to the invention in operating position.
- the horizontal movement 1 is indicated in the figure, together with the vertical rotation 2, lifting 3, extension of boom 4, extension of counterweight 5, horizontal correction 6, vertical correction 7 and the rotation of head 8.
- the crane structure 10 is mounted on the horizontal rail system 11, and it consists of crane base plate 12, rotating gear 13, crane body 14, vertical linear bench 17, boom 18 and counterweight boom 19.
- the crane structure 10 also contains chain hoist motor 20, counterweight 21, correction drive unit 22 and a printing head 23, which consists of a stator and a printing head rotor 24 at the end of the head.
- Fig. 3 shows the installation according to the invention in transporting position when it is disassembled into constituent parts.
- the horizontal rail system 11 can be seen in the figure, together with lower unit 15 and the upper unit 16 of the crane structure 10 in disassembled and folded condition.
- Fig. 4 shows the boom system of the invention in extended and retracted positions.
- the figure shows the boom 18 and the counterweight boom 19, as well as the counterweight
- the printing head stator 23, and the printing head rotor 24 located on the end of head.
- Fig. 5 shows the block diagram of the structural units and operation of the invention.
- the building 9 can be seen in the figure, together with the horizontal rail system 1 1, crane base plate 12, rotating gear 13, crane body 14, vertical linear bench 17, boom 18, counterweight boom 19, chain hoist motor 20, counterweight 21, correction drive unit
- FIG. 22 printing head stator 23 and the printing head rotor 24 located on the end of the head. Furthermore, the figure shows the central control 25, deflection detector 26, twist detector 27, pump 28, pump 29, computer 30 for trajectory data.
- the plastic base material KA can be seen in the figure, together with the mode of delivering the additives Al, A2.
- Fig. 6 shows the wall structure belonging to the construction technology, as well as the solution of voids for doors and windows.
- the shell 31 of the wall of the building 9 produced with 3D printing can be seen in the figure, together with the bracing 32 formed in it, and the void 33 of the window, and the transom element 34 paced below and over the window.
- Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 show the structure of the voids serving for installing the lines 37.
- the figure shows the wall shell 31 and its bracing 32, the lines 37, the perforated C profile of the void 45, the perforated plate 46 below the void and the perforated plate 47 above the void.
- This solution serves the purpose of simple installation of building services lines, such as electrical lines, water lines, etc.
- Fig. 9 shows the solution belonging to the construction technology associated with the reception of floor slab 44.
- the figure shows the grid 35 placed below the floor slab 44, as well as the floor slab formwork 36 together with the floor slab 44.
- Fig. 10 shows the connection belonging to the construction technology of the subsequently constructed walls.
- the original wall section 38 and the added wall section 39 can be seen in the figure. This make possible that the construction could be resumed from another location after completing a part of the building 9.
- Fig. 11 shows the architectural solution of the stairs belonging to the construction technology.
- the printed stairs 40 inserted subsequently can be seen in the figure, which is supported by the temporary columns 41, and also the grid 42 and the stair step 43 can be seen.
- the crane structure 10 makes linear horizontal movement 1 on the rail system 11 deployed at the bottom of the building 9 to be constructed, which rail system can be arranged according to the locations of the walls of the building 9.
- the crane base plate 12 travels on the rail system 1 1, which base plate supports the further components of the crane structure 10.
- the rotating gear 13 is built on the base plate, which rotating gear supports the crane body 14, and produces its vertical rotation 2.
- the crane body 14 consists of vertical linear guides, which can be divided into two parts along their length.
- the vertical linear bench 17 performs a linear lifting 3 on the crane body 14, the raising and lowering of which bench is made by chain hoist motors 20 installed at the top of the crane body 14.
- the boom 18 and the counterweight boom 19 are built on the vertical linear bench 17. Both booms have a telescopic structure, they consist of sections that can be pushed into one another, as a result of which the printing head 23, 24 can be positioned at a radius smaller than the minimum length of the boom 18, as shown in Fig. 4.
- a correction drive unit 22 is installed, which produces horizontal correction 6 and vertical correction 7 of the twist of the crane body 14 and the deflection of the boom 18.
- the twist of the crane body 14 is measured by the laser operated measuring system with the help of a twist detector 27 fixed to the rotating gear 13 of the crane, which directs the laser beam onto the vertical linear bench 17.
- the deflection of the boom 18 is measured by a laser operated measuring system with the help of a deflection detector 26 fixed to the vertical linear bench 17, which directs the laser beam to the end of the boom 18.
- the data provided by the two measuring systems 26, 27 are transmitted to the central control unit 25 of the structure, which uses the data for calculating the values of vertical correction 7 and horizontal correction 6 for the correction drive unit 22.
- the printing head stator 23 is connected to the correction drive unit 22, in which the mixing and feeding of the components of the material to be printed take place.
- the rotor 24 of the printing head 23 is connected to the printing head stator 23, through which the material is discharged from the crane structure 10.
- the arrangement of the printing head 23 allows the mixing of additive in the material flow depending on its position, which reduces the rate of setting significantly, therefore, the material can be removed easily even after several hours.
- the crane structure 10 can be divided into two parts for transporting as shown in Fig. 4, so the transporting vehicle is not in the category of oversized freight.
- the lower unit 15 contains the rail system 11 , vertical linear bench 17, the system consisting of boom 18 and counterweight boom 19, the printing head 23, 24, and the lower half of the crane body 14.
- the upper unit 16, containing the chain hoist motors 20 and the upper part of the crane body 14, may be placed on the top of the vertical guides of the lower unit 15 after it has been positioned horizontally for transporting.
- the lower unit 15 is connected to an element of the horizontal rail system 11 already in transporting position, so the length of the rail system 1 1 can be extended after deployment.
- the crane structure 10 can be delivered to the construction site on a vehicle, which is provided with a crane.
- the erection of the crane structure 10 can be made by placing the component units shown in Fig. 4 on the previously prepared foundation of the building 9 to be constructed.
- the lower unit 15 of the structure is placed by crane on the foundation, then the upper unit 16 can be placed on it.
- the two halves are fitted together by pushing the vertical guide rods into one another.
- bolts are to be used for fixing, and the vertical linear bench 17 is to be attached to the chain suspended from the chain hoist motors 20.
- the further elements of the rail system 1 1 may be assembled up to the necessary length, and the lines connected to the crane structure 10, such as electricity, concrete and control lines, can be connected to the associated components, such as the pumps 28, 29 and the controlling computer 30, which contains the trajectory data of the crane structure 10.
- the printing of walls is made in layers, the printing head 23 is raised by a distance corresponding to the layer thickness after completing a full layer.
- the structure of the printed wall and the voids 33 for the door and windows are shown in Fig. 6.
- the wall structure consists of bordering shells 31 and the wall bracing 32 placed between them. No concrete is printed in the voids 33 in which doors and windows will be installed.
- Transom elements 34 having a height of a layer are to be placed in the layers just below and above the void 33, so that they extend beyond the void 33 in both directions by at least with the width of a layer.
- Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 The structure of voids belonging to the construction technology and planned for installing lines 37 are shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.
- No wall shell 31 is printed along the vertical voids of the lines 37 to be placed in the wall shell 31 of the building 9, while the wall bracing 32 behind the void has an alignment, that it runs right next to the wall shell 31 in the vicinity of the void.
- the size of the building to be constructed exceeds the working range of the structure, then more than one structures can be deployed and operated simultaneously with appropriate harmonisation of their operation for constructing the building, so that a new layer could be initiated only after all the machines completed the previous layer, and if two heads are bound to come closer to each other then the lower limit during printing, then one of the heads is retracted in radial direction to a specified distance, and then the movement of this head is suspended until the distance between the two heads reaches an upper limit, upon which the head returns to its original position and resumes its travel according to the program.
- no wall shell 31 is printed along the void, while a C shaped perforated profile 45 is placed at its bottom and its top in a way, that the open side of the profile is at the external side of the wall.
- no wall shell 31 is printed along the void, while a perforated plate 46 is placed below the void, on which a number of layers are printed at the place of the wall shell 31 positioned inwards from it up to the height of the void, on which yet another perforated plate 47 is placed, on which a layer is printed at the place of the wall shell 31 in a position directly inwards.
- Fig. 9 shows the top of the ready walls.
- the shell 31 of the wall section is built with one or more layers higher relative to the wall bracing 32.
- a grid 35 is then placed on it through which the printed plastic construction material cannot flow.
- one or more layers of construction material are placed on the grid until the entire cross section of the wall has the same height.
- the formwork 36 of the floor slab can be produced by printing the external shell of the wall up to the height of the future floor slab 44.
- Fig. 11 shows the construction mode of stairs that can be made with the invention.
- the stairs produced with the method can have one, two or more flights, restrained at on or two sides, arched, staggered or straight.
- the layers of the star steps are produced at the height of the wall layers in parallel direction, where a grid 42 is to be placed below the stair step 43 before printing, which has a mesh through which the printed material cannot flow.
- Temporary column 41 can prepared as necessary below the grid 42 situated beneath the stair step 43, which is made of the material of the wall and can be removed after the full solidification of the stairs.
- the boom 18 and the counterweight boom 19 are retracted after completing the wall, and the crane structure 10 can be lifted out from the inside of the building by means of a crane. If additional levels are to be constructed for the building, then the crane structure 10 can be lifted by a crane onto the next level, from where the construction process can be resumed.
- the new wall 39 can be constructed to the already completed one in the way shown in Fig. 10.
- the first original wall section 38 at the border of the work site is made in a way that each subsequent layer is placed at given distance further inwards.
- the printing head 23 and its rotor 24 at the end of the head could not touch the already completed original wall section 38, when they approach with the added wall section 39.
- the advantage of the solution according to the invention is that the crane structure 10 according to the invention has four degrees of freedom for the movement, which are as follows: horizontal movement of the crane structure 10, vertical rotation 2 of crane body 1, vertical movement of boom 18 and extension 4 of the boom 18. In addition to these movements, horizontal 6 and vertical 7 correction of position takes place directly before the printing head 23 and the rotor 24 at the end of the head as shown in Fig. 3.
- the advantage of the invention is that the installation can be put into operation within a short period of time after delivering it to the construction site, while the position of the printing head 23 and the rotor 24 at the end of the head is accurate, it allows the construction up to the border of the plot, and it also allows a large work site.
- a further advantage relative to the solutions using gantry cranes that buildings of any height and levels can be constructed, because the rail system can be relocated to the actual floor slab, so the further construction can be easily performed. It is also possible to continue the construction of existing building completed with any technology, for which purpose the installation can be placed on the top floor slab of the building to proceed with the construction.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Robotics (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention a pour objet une installation et un procédé de production de bâtiments par impression tridimensionnelle dont la partie essentielle est une structure de grue automatique, qui déplace une tête d'impression en trois dimensions, qui est apte à construire des murs de bâtiments en plaçant des couches horizontales les unes sur les autres en béton à prise rapide. Les domaines d'application de l'invention comprennent toutes les constructions, dans lesquelles le bâtiment peut être fait de béton, et la hauteur et l'affectation de murs permettent à la tête d'impression de l'installation d'atteindre toutes les parties du bâtiment. L'installation selon l'invention comprend une structure de grue qui peut tourner dans une direction latérale, une flèche télescopique se trouvant sur la partie supérieure de la structure de grue, laquelle est équilibrée par un contrepoids constitué de multiples parties, une tête d'impression est montée à l'extrémité de la flèche, laquelle est apte à distribuer des matériaux appropriés pour une impression tridimensionnelle. Elle est caractérisée en ce que la structure de grue (10) est placée sur un système de rail horizontal (11) qui est capable d'effectuer un mouvement latéral, lequel système de rail (11), conjointement avec la structure de grue (10) montée dessus, est placé à l'intérieur du bâtiment (9) à produire par impression tridimensionnelle, de sorte que la structure de grue (10) puisse atteindre toutes les parties du bâtiment (9) à produire en étendant sa flèche (18) et en se déplaçant latéralement sur le système de rail (11). Pendant le procédé, le matériau de construction nécessaire est placé en couches le long d'itinéraires et d'emplacements selon un programme préparé sur la base de la structure et des emplacements des parois du bâtiment au moyen d'une tête d'impression (23) montée sur la structure de grue (10), qui repose sur le système de rail (11) à l'intérieur du bâtiment, ledit matériau de construction étant composé d'un matériau plastique (KA) déterminé au préalable et divers additifs (A1, A2) utilisés pour l'impression tridimensionnelle, et la tête d'impression (23) dépose une couche tout le long de cet itinéraire pendant la construction du bâtiment, puis continue avec le placement de la couche suivante au-dessus sur la base du programme correspondant à la structure du bâtiment jusqu'à ce que le bâtiment ou la partie de bâtiment donné soit terminé.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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HUP1600186 | 2016-03-08 | ||
HU1600186A HUP1600186A2 (en) | 2016-03-08 | 2016-03-08 | Device and method for constructing buildings by 3d printing |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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WO2017153790A1 true WO2017153790A1 (fr) | 2017-09-14 |
Family
ID=89992111
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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PCT/HU2017/000015 WO2017153790A1 (fr) | 2016-03-08 | 2017-03-07 | Installation et procédé de production de bâtiments par impression tridimensionnelle |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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HU (1) | HUP1600186A2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017153790A1 (fr) |
Cited By (13)
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CN109252679A (zh) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-22 | 鼎宸建设管理有限公司 | 一种超高泵送混泥土的设备 |
CN109610837A (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-12 | 滁州职业技术学院 | 一种混泥土浇筑装置 |
JP2019063930A (ja) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-25 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | ワーク搬送装置 |
CN110042947A (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-07-23 | 北京美斯顿科技开发有限公司 | 一种基于3d打印的墙体结构及其打印方法 |
CN110125902A (zh) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 蓝贝湾(广东)科技有限公司 | 建筑构件成型机器人组件及建筑构件成型方法 |
WO2020048468A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-12 | 浙江大学 | Procédé de construction pour un bâtiment de moulage à tissage intégré imprimé en 3d |
CN112895450A (zh) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-04 | 芜湖市爱三迪电子科技有限公司 | 一种3d打印机用调平打印工作台 |
WO2021108933A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-10 | Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María | Cellule robotisée mobile pour la fabrication de pièces et enceintes imprimées lors de travaux au moyen d'un système à axes multiples d'impression 3d, et procédé de fonctionnement associé |
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EP3898145A4 (fr) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-07-27 | Icon Technology, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés de construction de structures mettant en oeuvre des techniques de fabrication additive |
CN115059302A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-16 | 安徽润安景汇建筑工程有限公司 | 一种用于3d打印的建筑外墙系统 |
US11472023B2 (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2022-10-18 | Omron Corporation | Robotic apparatus |
US11618214B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2023-04-04 | Icon Technology, Inc. | Systems and methods for the construction of structures utilizing additive manufacturing techniques |
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JP2019063930A (ja) * | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-25 | アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 | ワーク搬送装置 |
US11472023B2 (en) * | 2017-11-09 | 2022-10-18 | Omron Corporation | Robotic apparatus |
WO2020048468A1 (fr) * | 2018-09-06 | 2020-03-12 | 浙江大学 | Procédé de construction pour un bâtiment de moulage à tissage intégré imprimé en 3d |
CN109252679A (zh) * | 2018-10-11 | 2019-01-22 | 鼎宸建设管理有限公司 | 一种超高泵送混泥土的设备 |
CN109252679B (zh) * | 2018-10-11 | 2021-05-18 | 广东博智林机器人有限公司 | 一种超高泵送混泥土的设备 |
CN109610837A (zh) * | 2018-11-26 | 2019-04-12 | 滁州职业技术学院 | 一种混泥土浇筑装置 |
EP3898145A4 (fr) * | 2018-12-21 | 2022-07-27 | Icon Technology, Inc. | Systèmes et procédés de construction de structures mettant en oeuvre des techniques de fabrication additive |
US11618214B2 (en) | 2018-12-21 | 2023-04-04 | Icon Technology, Inc. | Systems and methods for the construction of structures utilizing additive manufacturing techniques |
CN110042947A (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-07-23 | 北京美斯顿科技开发有限公司 | 一种基于3d打印的墙体结构及其打印方法 |
CN110042947B (zh) * | 2019-05-20 | 2023-10-31 | 北京美斯顿科技开发有限公司 | 一种基于3d打印的墙体结构及其打印方法 |
CN110125902A (zh) * | 2019-05-29 | 2019-08-16 | 蓝贝湾(广东)科技有限公司 | 建筑构件成型机器人组件及建筑构件成型方法 |
CN110125902B (zh) * | 2019-05-29 | 2023-11-21 | 蓝贝湾(广东)科技有限公司 | 建筑构件成型机器人组件及建筑构件成型方法 |
WO2021108933A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-05 | 2021-06-10 | Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María | Cellule robotisée mobile pour la fabrication de pièces et enceintes imprimées lors de travaux au moyen d'un système à axes multiples d'impression 3d, et procédé de fonctionnement associé |
CN112895450B (zh) * | 2021-01-21 | 2023-09-29 | 芜湖市爱三迪电子科技有限公司 | 一种3d打印机用调平打印工作台 |
CN112895450A (zh) * | 2021-01-21 | 2021-06-04 | 芜湖市爱三迪电子科技有限公司 | 一种3d打印机用调平打印工作台 |
CN112962967A (zh) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-15 | 临沂职业学院 | 一种高层建筑混凝土浇筑用辅助装置 |
CN115059302A (zh) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-16 | 安徽润安景汇建筑工程有限公司 | 一种用于3d打印的建筑外墙系统 |
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