WO2017142088A1 - 金属化合物粒子の抽出方法、その金属化合物粒子の分析方法、およびそれらに用いられる電解液 - Google Patents
金属化合物粒子の抽出方法、その金属化合物粒子の分析方法、およびそれらに用いられる電解液 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017142088A1 WO2017142088A1 PCT/JP2017/006001 JP2017006001W WO2017142088A1 WO 2017142088 A1 WO2017142088 A1 WO 2017142088A1 JP 2017006001 W JP2017006001 W JP 2017006001W WO 2017142088 A1 WO2017142088 A1 WO 2017142088A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K13/00—Etching, surface-brightening or pickling compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/02—Etching
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/02—Etching
- C25F3/06—Etching of iron or steel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F5/00—Electrolytic stripping of metallic layers or coatings
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/32—Polishing; Etching
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/202—Constituents thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/20—Metals
- G01N33/202—Constituents thereof
- G01N33/2028—Metallic constituents
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for extracting metal compound particles using an electrolytic solution containing an agent for capturing a specific metal when the metal material is etched in the electrolytic solution to extract the metal compound particles in the metal material, and the metal
- the present invention relates to a method for analyzing compound particles and an electrolytic solution thereof.
- Metal materials, especially steel materials, are required for steel materials by controlling the shape, dimensions, etc. of inclusions, types of precipitated phases, aspect ratio, etc. present in the material matrix by using trace additive elements and various heat treatments. Controlling strength and properties is widely practiced. Therefore, observation of inclusions and / or precipitated phases and measurement of their components and quantities are important in conducting quality control of steel materials and analysis of manufacturing processes.
- the matrix of the steel sample is dissolved in the electrolyte solution, and the inclusions and precipitated phases are recovered as electrolytic residues. Quantitative analysis is performed.
- Patent Document 1 describes an electrolytic solution composition for steel samples, an inclusion using the same, and a method for analyzing precipitates.
- this electrolyte composition dissolves even fine inclusions and precipitated phases due to the addition of alkaline triethanolamine. These inclusions and precipitate particles are likely to remain on the surface of the steel material sample, and the steel sample is taken out of the electrolytic solution and dried, and can be observed and analyzed by SEM or the like as it is.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an invention relating to a nonaqueous solvent-based electrolytic solution for extracting inclusions and precipitates in a steel sample and a method for electrolytic extraction of a steel sample using the same.
- This electrolytic solution contains maleic anhydride, tetramethylammonium chloride, and methanol in a predetermined ratio, and is an electrolytic solution excellent in the ability to electrolyze a large amount of steel samples at a time, and is included in the solution.
- Maleic anhydride has a feature of forming an iron complex and preventing precipitation of Fe hydroxide and the like.
- Patent Document 3 is not a technique for steel samples, but in order to precipitate and separate the impurity element arsenic in copper-containing minerals from copper ions, triethylenetetramine ( Techniques using TETA) or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) are disclosed.
- TETA triethylenetetramine
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- the sample is electrolyzed, and Fe components constituting the matrix are held in an electrolyte solution with an Fe ion chelating agent. Electrolysis is performed so that the deposited phase remains on the sample surface.
- an electrolyte solution that retains the Fe content of the matrix in the electrolyte solution with a chelating agent and does not dissolve the inclusions and precipitated phase that have been detached from the sample by electrolysis. These are recovered as electrolytic residues, and the residues are identified and quantitatively analyzed.
- the main focus is on maintaining the dissolved state as a chelate complex in the electrolyte solution. No particular consideration has been given to inclusions in the liquid or contamination to the precipitated phase.
- the inventors of the present application have examined the cause in detail, and as a result, when a metal ion (Cu 2+ ) having a low solubility product K sp is generated in the electrolytic solution by electrolysis, the surface of the metal sulfide (MnS) It was discovered that a metal ion (Mn 2+ ) having a high solubility product Ksp is exchanged with a metal ion (Cu 2+ ) having a low solubility product Ksp. Further, it has been found that such substitution of metal ions on the surface of the sulfide easily proceeds at room temperature and normal pressure and even in an aqueous solution or a non-aqueous solvent.
- K sp [compound] ⁇ log 10 K sp [compound]
- the problems to be solved by the present invention are as follows. -In the extraction and analysis of metal fine particles (inclusions, precipitates) in metal materials by electrolytic corrosion method with solvent electrolyte etc., metal fine particles by Cu ions etc. without greatly changing the conventional extraction / analysis method It is an object of the present invention to suppress the surface substitution of and prevent the generation of Artifact CuS and the like. -Focus on metal sulfides (MnS, FeS, etc.) in particular, and prevent the generation of Artifact (pseudo) CuS, etc.
- the inventors of the present application diligently studied a method for solving the above problems. As a result, from the knowledge that the substitution phenomenon does not occur unless the metal (attack metal) that forms Artifact metal sulfide is present in the solvent-based electrolyte, the attack metal is supplemented. I thought. That is, by adding an agent (a chelating agent, etc.) that selectively captures a metal (attack metal) that forms Artifact metal sulfide to the solvent-based electrolyte, a free attack metal in the electrolyte It was conceived that Artifact metal sulfide was not produced.
- an agent a chelating agent, etc.
- Cu ions that dissolve from steel samples and the like are held in an electrolytic solution by a Cu ion chelating agent so as not to attack MnS on the surface of steel samples for surface observation, or identification and quantification of inclusions and precipitated phases
- the Cu chelating agent is used in the electrolytic solution, and the Cu ions are retained in the electrolytic solution as a chelate complex, whereby the quantitative analysis residue created from the inclusions and the precipitated phase
- the electrolytic residue by preventing CuS from being mixed, it is possible to observe the inclusions and precipitated phases in the steel sample for surface observation as they are, and in the electrolytic residue to be analyzed. It does not contain CuS derived from Cu ions dissolved from the sample matrix, etc., and it can correctly identify and quantify only the elements originated from inclusions and precipitated phases originally contained in steel samples. There was found.
- M and M ′ are different metal elements
- A is a single atom or atomic group forming a compound with M or M ′
- x, x ′, y, and y ′ are M, M ′
- the metal compound M ′ x ′ A y ′ is characterized in that the metal M ′ is at least one of Hg, Ag, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, and Ni.
- a method for analyzing metal compound particles comprising analyzing the metal compound particles extracted by the method for extracting metal compound particles according to any one of (1) to (9) above.
- M and M ′ are different metal elements
- A is a single atom or atomic group forming a compound with M or M ′
- x, x ′, y, and y ′ are M, M ′
- the metal compound M ′ x ′ A y ′ of the metal compound M ′ is at least one of Hg, Ag, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, and Ni.
- the surface analysis of the extracted metal fine particles prevents the fact that the actual particles are MnS and FeS from being misidentified as CuS, and the true shape (size, component) of the metal sulfide can be known. Furthermore, it is possible to accurately grasp the content of metal sulfide in the steel material.
- the solubility product of the metal compound M ′ x ′ A y ′ is K sp [M ′ x ′ A y ′ ]
- the solubility product of the extraction target metal compound M x A y contained in the metal material is K sp [M x A y ]
- a method for extracting metal compound particles characterized by using an electrolytic solution containing an agent for forming a complex containing a metal M ′ having a ⁇ defined by the following formula of 10 or more.
- M and M ′ are different metal elements
- A is a single atom or atomic group forming a compound with M or M ′
- x, x ′, y, and y ′ are M, M ′
- A The composition ratio of the compound is determined according to the valence, and the solubility product Ksp is a value at 25 ° C. in an aqueous solution.
- metal compound particles in the metal material are extracted. That is, by etching the metal material in the electrolyte solution, the matrix (Fe or the like) is selectively dissolved to expose the metal compound particles such as inclusions and precipitated phases contained in the metal material on the sample surface. As a result, the metal compound particles can be observed.
- the method for extracting fine particles in a metal sample include an acid decomposition method in which an iron matrix of a steel sample is dissolved in an acid solution, a halogen dissolution in which an iron matrix of a steel sample is dissolved in an iodine methanol mixed solution or a bromine methanol mixed solution.
- the SPEED method using a non-aqueous solvent is preferable because the composition and size hardly change when the fine particles are dispersed in the solvent, and even unstable fine particles can be stably extracted.
- SPEED method the method for evaluating fine particles in a steel material by a non-aqueous solvent system potentiostatic electrolysis method (SPEED method) will be described as an example, but the extraction method in the present invention is described below. It is not limited to the SPEED method, and the metal material is not limited to the steel material.
- the metal sample 4 is processed into a size of, for example, 20 mm ⁇ 40 mm ⁇ 2 mm, and an oxide film such as a scale on the surface layer is removed by chemical polishing or mechanical polishing, and a metal layer is taken out. . Conversely, when analyzing the fine particles contained in the oxide film layer, it is left as it is.
- this metal sample is electrolyzed using the SPEED method.
- the electrolytic bath 9 is filled with the electrolytic solution 9, the metal sample 4 is immersed therein, and the reference electrode 7 is brought into contact with the metal sample 4.
- the platinum electrode 6 and the metal sample 4 are connected to the electrolysis device 8.
- the electrolytic potential of fine particles in steel such as precipitates has a higher electrolytic potential than the electrolytic potential of the metal portion serving as the matrix of the metal sample 4. Therefore, it is possible to selectively dissolve only the matrix by setting a voltage between the electrolysis potential that dissolves the matrix of the metal sample 4 using the electrolysis apparatus 8 and does not dissolve fine particles such as precipitates. It becomes.
- Inclusions or precipitated phases 5 emerge on the surface of the sample from which the Fe in the surface matrix is electrolyzed, and are in a state suitable for observation by SEM or the like. Furthermore, electrolysis can be continued, and inclusions and precipitated phases can be separated from the sample surface, recovered as an electrolytic residue 11, filtered and separated from the electrolytic solution, and used for identification and quantitative analysis.
- Electrolytic solution for metal material according to the present invention that is, to electrolyze the surface Fe matrix in order to observe inclusions and precipitated phases, or to electrolyze Fe matrix in order to quantitatively analyze inclusions and precipitated phases
- the electrolytic solution used for electrolysis to recover the residue is preferably (1) a complex-forming agent for Fe ions, (2) electrolyte for ensuring conductivity in the electrolyte, (3) a solvent for holding the formed complex such as Fe in the liquid, including.
- one or more kinds may be selected from acetylacetone, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, triethanolamine, salicylic acid, and methyl salicylate.
- TMAC tetramethylammonium chloride
- NaCl sodium chloride
- LiCl lithium chloride
- the solvent needs to be capable of holding various complex-forming agents and their complexes with Fe in a dissolved state, and may be a non-aqueous solvent.
- Aqueous electrolytes decompose various precipitates even at relatively low electrolysis voltages (eg -300 mV or less), whereas nonaqueous solvent electrolytes have a wide range of stable electrolysis, superalloys, high alloys, stainless steels. It can be applied to almost all steel materials from steel to carbon steel.
- non-aqueous solvent-based electrolyte When a non-aqueous solvent-based electrolyte is used, mainly the dissolution of the matrix and the (complexation) reaction between the dissolved Fe ions and the chelating agent only occur, and the inclusion or precipitated phase 5 does not dissolve, Three-dimensional observation and analysis can be performed in an “in situ” state on the base material.
- a compound that smoothly proceeds electrolysis and dissolves a complexable organic compound and a supporting electrolyte is suitable.
- a lower alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, or isopropyl alcohol is used. Can do. Methanol, ethanol, or a mixture thereof can be selected.
- any solvent having a polarity (dipole moment or the like) similar to or higher than those alcohols can be used.
- an electrolytic solution for example, 10% by mass acetylacetone (hereinafter referred to as “AA”)-1% by mass tetramethylammonium chloride (hereinafter referred to as “TMAC”)-methanol solution, or 10% by mass Maleic anhydride-2 mass% TMAC-methanol solution is used.
- AA acetylacetone
- TMAC tetramethylammonium chloride
- metals other than the matrix (Fe) may be eluted although they are relatively small compared to the matrix (Fe).
- metal ions e.g.
- the double-lined frame (or dark gray frame) is a combination of sulfides having a pK sp difference ⁇ of 22 or more, and in these combinations, the exchange reaction is expected to proceed easily or in seconds. Is done. Expressed simply with symbols, the expectation (prediction) of the exchange reaction is expressed as ⁇ .
- a bold line frame is a combination of sulfides having a pK sp difference ⁇ of 10 or more and less than 22 and may take several minutes to several hours, but the exchange reaction is expected to proceed.
- the Expressed simply in symbols, the expectation (prediction) of the exchange reaction is expressed as ⁇ to ⁇ .
- the thin line frame (or white frame) is a combination of sulfides having a pK sp difference ⁇ of less than 10, and it is expected that the exchange reaction is unlikely to proceed with these combinations.
- the expected exchange rate is expressed as ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- Table 1 lists sulfides having a crystal form or the like in which the difference ⁇ of pK sp is small. This may be in the form of the difference between the pK sp delta increases, the difference between the pK sp of the sulfide to be delta becomes 10 or more, she is considered that exchange reaction proceeds.
- the solubility product Ksp is a value in an aqueous solution, but it is presumed that the same tendency is observed even in non-aqueous solvents such as methanol of the same polar solvent.
- the upper left image is the SEM observation image
- the upper right image is the SEM observation image superimposed on the chart of Ag concentration measured by EDS
- the lower left image Is an overlay of Mn concentration charts
- the lower right image is an overlay of S concentration charts.
- Specific electrolyte comprises an agent which forms a complex containing 'metal (attack metal) M' metal compound M 'x' A y, wherein the solubility product of the metal compound M 'x' A y ' Is K sp [M ′ x ′ A y ′ ],
- K sp [M x A y ] K sp [M x A y ]
- ⁇ pK sp [M ′ x ′ A y ′ ]
- ⁇ pK sp [M x A y ] ( ⁇ Log 10 K sp [M ′ x ′ A y ′ ]) ⁇ ( ⁇ log 10 K sp [M x A y ])
- M and M ′ are different metal elements
- A is a single atom or atomic group forming a compound with M or M ′
- x, x ′, y, and y ′ are M, M ′, and A, respectively.
- the solubility ratio Ksp is a value at 25 ° C. in an aqueous solution.
- the metal M ′ of the metal compound M ′ x ′ A y ′ having a large pK sp may be at least one of Hg, Ag, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, and Ni. These can be attack metals M ′.
- the attack metal M ′ is considered to be mainly the metal M ′ contained in the steel material sample or a compound thereof eluted in the electrolytic solution.
- the electrolytic solution and the electrolytic device may be reused, and the metal M ′ or a compound thereof may be present in the reused electrolytic solution or electrolytic device, and this may become the attack metal M ′. .
- the metal M ′ or a compound thereof may be mixed into the electrolytic solution as a contamination substance, and become an attack metal M ′.
- M ′ may be at least one of Hg, Ag, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, and Ni, but is a metal element different from M.
- A is a single atom or atomic group forming a compound with M or M ′, and one or more atoms independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, H, S, O, P and F atoms May be included.
- the difference ⁇ p of pK sp between Hg, Ag, Cu, Pb, Cd, Co, Zn, and Ni sulfide and MnS is 10 or more.
- the difference ⁇ pK sp between Hg, Ag, Cu sulfide and MnS is 20 or more.
- the difference ⁇ pK sp between the extraction target metal compound MxAy and the attack metal compound M′x′Ay ′ is about 10
- Artifact can occur in several hours. Actual electrolytic extraction analysis is often performed on the order of several hours. Therefore, a combination having a difference ⁇ p p sp of about 10 may affect the analysis.
- the difference ⁇ pk sp is defined as 10 or more, and Artifact that can occur in that case can be suppressed.
- Artifact can be easily or quickly generated as the difference ⁇ in pK sp between the extraction target metal compound MxAy and the attack metal compound M′x′Ay ′ increases.
- M'x'Ay 'pK sp [M'x'Ay of'] is compared to the pK sp [MxAy] to be extracted metal compound MxAy, it may be preferable 11 or more large, large 12 or more More preferably, it is more preferably 13 or more, more preferably 14 or more, more preferably 15 or more, still more preferably 16 or more, further preferably 17 or more, further preferably 18 or more.
- 19 or more is more preferable, 20 or more is more preferable, 21 or more is preferable, 22 or more is more preferable, 22 or more is more preferable, 23 or more is more preferable, 24 or more is more preferable, 25 More preferably larger, more preferably 26 or larger.
- 27 or more is more preferable, 28 or more is more preferable, 29 or more is more preferable, 30 or more is more preferable, 31 or more is preferable, 31 or more is more preferable, 32 or more is more preferable, More preferably 33 or more, more preferably 34 or more, still more preferably 35 or more, still more preferably 36 or more, still more preferably 37 or more, still more preferably 38 or more, and 39 or more. More preferably, it is more preferably 40 or more.
- the solubility product K sp is the value of the aqueous solution, as shown in Table 2, the difference between the non-aqueous solvent is obtained from K sp even when a (lower alcohol) pK sp (-log 10 K sp ) ⁇ Is 10 or more, and it has been confirmed that a reaction is observed. Specifically, the following confirmation test was conducted. -As a sample containing the extraction object, two kinds of steel materials containing MnS (MnS having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or more and those having a particle size of 100 to 150 nm) were prepared, and their surfaces were mirror-polished. .
- M '+ solutions standard solutions for atomic absorption analysis (M '+ solutions) with the metal ion concentrations of Ag, Cu, Pb, Co, Zn, and Ni being 1000 ⁇ g / ml were prepared as attack metal M ′ + ions.
- M ′ solution was mixed with 0.3 ml of methanol which is a non-aqueous solvent.
- the liquid mixture was applied to the steel material surface, and the change of the steel material surface was confirmed.
- the mixed solution containing Ag and Cu the surface of the steel material changed to black within 5 minutes from the application.
- the mixed liquid containing Pb the surface of the steel material changed to black in about 10 minutes after the application.
- the surface of the steel material changed to black in about 20 minutes after the application. Furthermore, when SEM and EDS observations were performed on the discolored steel material, it was confirmed that substitution of Mn and attack metal M ′ (that is, Artifact) occurred on the surface of the MnS particles. It was. Therefore, in the scope of the present invention, the solubility product Ksp is an indicator in an aqueous solution, but it can be applied to a non-aqueous solution, and the solubility product Ksp there shows the same tendency as in an aqueous solution. Is estimated. It was also confirmed that the substitution (Artifact) reaction was faster as the difference ⁇ of pK sp was larger.
- crown ether As the agent for forming a complex containing such an attack metal M ′, crown ether can be used. Crown ether is a cyclic polyether (with several ether units connected), and the size of the annular hole can be changed. Therefore, a crown ether having an appropriate hole can be prepared in accordance with the attack metal species M ′, whereby only the attack metal species M ′ can be selectively captured.
- medical agent which forms the complex containing attack metal M ' may contain any 1 type, or 2 or more types in polyethyleneamines, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and cyclohexanediamine 4 acetic acid. These act as chelating agents and capture the attack metal M ′.
- polyethyleneamines include triethylenetetramine (TETA), penicillamine, and pentaethylenehexamine.
- TETA triethylenetetramine
- a chelating agent such as triethylenetetramine has high selectivity for Cu ions and Ni ions, and a particularly high trapping effect is exhibited when the attack metal M ′ is Cu or Ni.
- Table 3 shows the stability constant (Log 10 K d ) of the complex when Cu or Ni as the attack metal M ′ is captured by various chelating agents. A higher stability constant is preferable because it is considered that the attack metal is not easily captured and released again.
- the agent that forms a complex containing the attack metal M ′ has a stability constant of 10 or more, preferably 12 or more, more preferably 14 Those above, more preferably 16 or more, further preferably 18 or more, and more preferably 20 or more may be selected.
- the attack metal M ′ is captured and a complex of the attack metal M ′ is formed.
- the attack metal M ′ complex is retained in a dissolved state in the above-described solvent. Therefore, even if the metal compound M x A y having a large difference ⁇ pK sp exists, the attack metal M ′ is replaced with the metal M on the surface of the metal compound M x A y (that is, Artifact). Can not be done freely. In other words, the generation of M ′ x ′ A y ′ is suppressed.
- medical agent which forms a complex, or the electrolyte solution containing this may be stirred in an electrolytic vessel.
- the stirring means is not particularly limited, and bubbling by a bubble generator, vortex flow by a magnetic stirrer, or the like may be used.
- an unreacted drug droplet may be dropped in the vicinity of the attack metal M ′.
- the lower limit may be 100 cc / min for bubbling, preferably 200 cc / min for bubbling, and 100 rpm, preferably 200 rpm for a stirrer, so that unreacted drug easily contacts the attack metal M ′.
- the upper limit may be 600 cc / min, preferably 500 cc / min for bubbling, and 600 rpm, preferably 500 rpm for a stirrer.
- the stirring operation is performed so that the flow of the electrolytic solution generated by the stirring does not contact the object to be electrolyzed. This is based on the idea that the flow of the electrolyte generated by stirring does not affect the object to be electrolyzed.
- the drug is stirred or supplied so that the flow of the electrolytic solution generated by stirring or the like comes into contact with the object to be electrolyzed.
- gas for bubbling inert gas, such as nitrogen gas, helium, and argon, is mentioned.
- Active gases such as oxygen and hydrogen are not preferred because they may affect the dissolved oxygen concentration in the electrolyte and may affect the object to be electrolyzed.
- the metal material in the present invention may be a steel material.
- the steel material refers to a material mainly composed of iron, and may contain a small amount of carbon.
- the filter When the electrolytic solution after etching is passed through a filter and the metal compound particles are extracted as a collected residue, the filter may be a tetrafluoroethylene resin filter.
- a conventionally used Nuclepore filter manufactured by GE is used as a filter for filtering inclusions or precipitated phase 5 and residue 11 from the electrolyte. Then, it is difficult to filter and collect the residue due to dissolution damage.
- the chelating agent contains triethylenetetramine
- the filter is significantly damaged.
- a tetrafluoroethylene resin filter is preferable because the dissolution damage is small even when the chelating agent contains triethylenetetramine.
- the present invention it is also provided to analyze the metal compound particles extracted by the above method.
- a metal compound particle grain, you may perform a schematic composition analysis by XRF, or you may perform a precise composition analysis by ICP.
- a surface analysis method observation by SEM, elemental analysis by EDS, or the like may be used. By analyzing the surface of the sample from which the metal compound is extracted during the etching, it is possible to observe the state in which the metal compound is extracted in time series.
- an attack metal that attacks and displaces inclusions and constituent elements of the deposited phase is selectively retained as a complex in the electrolytic solution, and is stably dissolved in the electrolytic solution. If the components to be maintained are added, in the surface observation of the sample, inclusions and precipitated phases can be observed in a form that originally exists in the steel sample, and in the identification and quantitative analysis of inclusions and precipitated phases The Cu ions and the like are not mixed in the electrolytic residue to be analyzed, and the accuracy of identification and quantitative analysis of inclusions and precipitated phases is not lowered.
- the actual state of MnS or FeS fine particles is not misidentified as CuS, and the true shape (size, component) of the metal sulfide can be known, Furthermore, it is possible to accurately grasp the content of metal sulfide in the steel material.
- Mn of the precipitate MnS can be easily substituted with Se in the steel material, and can be precipitated as MnSe. This is because MnS and MnSe have the same NaCl type structure, and the lattice constant is extremely high. It is said that it is close. From the element periodic rule, it is expected that Te, which is the same group as S and Se, and Sb of the adjacent group are also easily replaced with S of MnS and precipitated as MnTe or MnSb. And if MnS is easily substituted with MnSe, MnTe and / or MnSb, correct quantitative analysis of MnS is considered to be useful for improving accuracy of quantitative analysis of MnSe, MnTe and MnSb.
- MnSe generated by MnS substitution or the like may cause further substitution (Artifact reaction) with other selenides.
- the bold line frame (or light gray frame) is the difference in pK sp This is a combination of selenides having ⁇ of 10 or more and less than 22.
- the exchange reaction is expected to take several minutes to several hours, but the exchange reaction is expected to proceed. (Prediction) is expressed as ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- Thin line frame (or white frame) is a combination of selenide difference pK sp delta is less than 10, the exchange reaction is a combination thereof and hardly proceeds Expressed simply with symbols, the expectation (prediction) of the exchange reaction is expressed as ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- Artifact can also be prevented for selenides.
- an electrolytic solution used in the above method for extracting metal compound particles.
- the electrolyte solution according to the present invention may contain a particle dispersant such as SDS as necessary, as a component other than the agent (Cu ion chelating agent, etc.) that selectively supplements the attack metal (Cu ion, etc.). Good.
- a particle dispersant such as SDS as necessary, as a component other than the agent (Cu ion chelating agent, etc.) that selectively supplements the attack metal (Cu ion, etc.). Good.
- the inclusions or precipitated phases in the steel samples were observed with the electrolytic solution and electrolysis method according to the present invention.
- a conventional electrolytic solution 4% MS
- a conventional electrolytic solution 4% MS
- a conventional electrolytic solution 4% by mass of methyl salicylate + 1% by mass of salicylic acid + 1% by mass of tetramethylammonium chloride (TMAC) capable of recovering conventionally known sulfide inclusions as a residue.
- TMAC tetramethylammonium chloride
- the inclusions or precipitated phases of the same steel sample were observed using the electrolyzed comparative example.
- an electrolytic solution 5% TETA
- TETA triethylenetetramine
- TMAC triethylenetetramine
- FIG. 2a is a steel sample whose surface is electrolyzed with an electrolyte solution according to the present invention
- FIG. 2b is a photograph of a steel sample whose surface is electrolyzed with a conventional electrolyte solution, as observed by a scanning electron microscope. The graph is superimposed. Prior to electrolysis, the steel samples were pre-polished to remove surface impurities. Below the respective scanning electron micrographs, only the Cu concentration graphs extracted and described are listed.
- the height of the value (Cu concentration) in the graph is relative, it can be seen that there is no difference in the Cu concentration between the precipitated particles and the Fe matrix portion when electrolyzed with the electrolytic solution according to the present invention.
- the Cu concentration is measured by electrolysis with the conventional electrolytic solution shown in FIG. 2b, it can be seen that the Cu concentration is increased in the precipitated particle portion.
- SEM is a scanning electron micrograph of the inclusion particle existing portion. Elemental analysis was performed on this particle and its vicinity. As a result, the value of the graph of Mn and S increased in the inclusion particle part, and it was confirmed that the inclusion particle contains Mn and S, that is, specifically, MnS. On the other hand, no peak was observed in the Cu component, and it was confirmed that the Cu component was not included in the inclusion.
- Quantitative analysis of inclusions or precipitated phases in steel samples was performed by electrolysis using the electrolytic solution according to the present invention.
- a comparative example in which electrolysis was performed using a conventional electrolytic solution was prepared.
- a steel material containing 0.4% by mass of Cu as a steel sample was subjected to a heat treatment at 1350 ° C. ⁇ 30 min, and then rapidly cooled in water.
- the following three types of electrolyte solutions were prepared.
- TMAC tetramethylammonium chloride
- TETA triethylenetetramine
- TETA Triethylenetetramine
- TETA Triethylenetetramine
- TMAC Tetramethylammonium chloride
- the sample was electrolyzed in an amount equivalent to about 1 g, the contents of Mn and Cu contained in the obtained electrolytic residue were quantified by wet chemical analysis, and the content contained in the 1 g steel material sample was calculated.
- the three band graphs show Mn and Cu detected from the electrolytic residue in% units, respectively, and from the left, (1) with the conventional electrolyte (4% MS) When electrolyzed, (2) When electrolyzed with the electrolytic solution according to the present invention (4% MS + 5% TETA) in which 5% by volume of TETA was added to the conventional electrolyte, (3) 5% by volume of TETA (5% TETA) was added When electrolyzed with the electrolytic solution according to the present invention, the following is shown. In either case, electrolysis was performed using the Pt electrode as a cathode.
- the Mn concentration is 143 ppm from the electrolytic residue in which the sulfide in the steel sample is considered to be the main component.
- a Cu concentration (334 ppm) was measured at a concentration higher than.
- the graph shown in (2) shows the concentrations of Mn and Cu measured from the electrolytic residue when electrolyzed with the electrolytic solution (4% MS + 5% TETA) according to the present invention to which 5% by volume of triethylenetetramine is added.
- the Cu component in the electrolytic residue is reduced to 62 ppm.
- (3) shows the measured value in the case of the triethylenetetramine 5 volume% electrolytic solution (5% TETA) according to the present invention.
- the Cu concentration measured from the electrolytic residue was reduced to 12 ppm.
- Electrode cathode side
- Reference electrode Reference electrode
- Power supply potentiostat
- Electrolytic solution 10
- Electrolytic tank 11 Electrolytic residue
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Abstract
Description
従って、介在物及び/又は析出相の観察や、その成分、分量を測定することは鉄鋼材料の品質管理や製造プロセスの解析を行う上で、重要な意味を持つ。
この電解液組成物は、従来の電解液が酸性のものが多かったのに対して、アルカリ性のトリエタノールアミンが添加されていることにより、微細な介在物や析出相であっても、溶解され難くなり、これらの介在物や析出物の粒子が鋼材試料表面に残留し易く、鉄鋼試料を電解液から取り出し乾燥後、そのままの状態でSEM等による観察や分析を可能としている。
この電解液は、無水マレイン酸と、塩化テトラメチルアンモニウムと、メタノールを所定の割合で含むものであり、一度に大量の鉄鋼試料を電解する能力に優れた電解液であり、液中に含まれる無水マレイン酸が、鉄錯体を生成し、Fe水酸化物等の沈殿生成を阻止する特徴を有する。
一方、介在物や析出相の定量分析であれば、マトリックスのFe分をキレート剤によって電解液中に保持し、電解によって試料から離脱した介在物や析出相を溶解しないような電解液を用いて、これらを電解残渣として回収し、該残渣を同定・定量分析する。
したがって、介在物や析出相の同定・定量分析のための残渣回収を目的とする電解液については、Fe分を電解液中にキレート錯体として溶解状態を維持できることに主眼が置かれており、電解液中での介在物や析出相に対するコンタミネーションなどについては、特段の配慮がなされていなかった。
上記の条件は、以下の式で表すことができる。
Δ=pKsp[化合物(Kspの小さいもの)]-pKsp[化合物(Kspの大きいもの)]
=(-log10Ksp[化合物(Kspの小さいもの)])-(-log10Ksp[化合物(Kspの大きいもの)])
≧10
ここで、或る化合物の溶解度積KspはKsp[化合物]と表し、pKsp[化合物]=-log10Ksp[化合物]と表す。
Δ=pKsp[Ag2S]-pKsp[MnS]
=50.1-13.5
=36.6≧10
・溶媒系電解液での電解腐食法等による金属材料中の金属微粒子(介在物、析出物)の抽出や分析において、従来の抽出・分析方法を大きく変更することなく、Cuイオン等による金属微粒子の表面置換を抑制し、Artifact(擬制)CuS等の生成を防止することを課題とする。
・特に金属硫化物(MnS、FeS等)に着目し、Artifact(擬制)CuS等の生成を防止することを課題とする。
その結果、溶媒系電解液中に、Artifact(擬制)金属硫化物を形成する金属(アタック金属)を存在させなければ、置換現象は発現しないという知見から、そのようなアタック金属を補足することに想い至った。すなわち、溶媒系電解液中に、Artifact(擬制)金属硫化物を形成する金属(アタック金属)を選択的に捕捉する薬剤(キレート剤等)を添加することにより、電解液中の自由なアタック金属が減少し、Artifact(擬制)金属硫化物が生成されないことに想到した。
(1)金属材料を電解液中でエッチングし、金属材料中の金属化合物粒子を抽出する方法において、
金属化合物M’x’Ay’の溶解度積をKsp[M’x’Ay’] とし、
前記金属材料中に含まれる抽出対象金属化合物MxAyの溶解度積をKsp[MxAy] とすると、
下記式で定義されるΔが10以上となる金属M’を含む錯体を形成する薬剤を含んでなる電解液を用いること、を特徴とする、金属化合物粒子の抽出方法。
Δ=pKsp[M’x’Ay’]-pKsp[MxAy]
=(-log10Ksp[M’x’Ay’])-(-log10Ksp[MxAy])
ここで、MとM’は異なる金属元素であり、AはMまたはM’と化合物を形成する単原子または原子団であり、x、x’、y、y’はM、M’、Aの価数に応じて決まる前記化合物の組成比を表し、前記溶解度積Kspは水溶液中25℃での値である
金属化合物M’x’Ay’の溶解度積をKsp[M’x’Ay’] とし、
前記金属材料中に含まれる抽出対象金属化合物MxAyの溶解度積をKsp[MxAy] とすると、
下記式で定義されるΔが10以上となる金属M’を含む錯体を形成する薬剤を含んでなること、を特徴とする、電解液。
Δ=pKsp[M’x’Ay’]-pKsp[MxAy]
=(-log10Ksp[M’x’Ay’])-(-log10Ksp[MxAy])
ここで、MとM’は異なる金属元素であり、AはMまたはM’と化合物を形成する単原子または原子団であり、x、x’、y、y’はM、M’、Aの価数に応じて決まる前記化合物の組成比を表し、前記溶解度積Kspは水溶液中25℃での値である
(19)前記非水溶媒は、メタノール、エタノールの少なくとも一つを含んでなることを特徴とする(11)~(18)のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
・本願発明によれば、電解操作によって鋼板試料表面に露出させた介在物或いは析出相等を鉄鋼試料中に本来存在していた成分及び形態で観察することが可能となる他、電解残渣の分析から介在物や析出相成分を定量分析する場合に、電解液から混入するCu等の影響を受けずに、正しく定量分析することができるので、鉄鋼試料の組織観察や、鉄鋼試料中の介在物或いは析出相の同定・定量分析の精度向上におおいに寄与するものである。
金属化合物M’x’Ay’の溶解度積をKsp[M’x’Ay’] とし、
前記金属材料中に含まれる抽出対象金属化合物MxAyの溶解度積をKsp[MxAy] とすると、
下記式で定義されるΔが10以上となる金属M’を含む錯体を形成する薬剤を含んでなる電解液を用いること、を特徴とする、金属化合物粒子の抽出方法、が提供される。
Δ=pKsp[M’x’Ay’]-pKsp[MxAy]
=(-log10Ksp[M’x’Ay’])-(-log10Ksp[MxAy])
ここで、MとM’は異なる金属元素であり、AはMまたはM’と化合物を形成する単原子または原子団であり、x、x’、y、y’はM、M’、Aの価数に応じて決まる前記化合物の組成比を表し、前記溶解度積Kspは水溶液中25℃での値である。
金属試料中の微粒子の抽出方法としては、例えば、酸溶液中で鉄鋼試料の鉄マトリックスを溶解する酸分解法、ヨウ素メタノール混合溶液あるいは臭素メタノール混合溶液中で鉄鋼試料の鉄マトリックスを溶解するハロゲン溶解法、非水溶媒系定電流電解法、又は、非水溶媒系定電位電解(SPEED:Selective Potentiostatic Etching by Electrolytic Dissolution Method)法等を用いることができる。これらの内、非水溶媒を用いるSPEED法は、溶媒中に微粒子が分散された際に、組成やサイズの変化が起こり難く、不安定な微粒子でも安定的に抽出できるため好適である。本実施形態に関して、図1を参照しながら、非水溶媒系定電位電解法(SPEED法)による鉄鋼材料中の微粒子の評価方法を例に取り、説明を行うが、本発明における抽出の方法はSPEED法に限定されるものではなく、また、金属材料は鉄鋼材料に限定されるものではない。
(1)Feイオンに対する錯体形成剤、
(2)電解液に導電性を担保させる為の電解質、
(3)形成されたFe等の錯体を液中に保持するための溶媒、
を含む。
なお、硫化物の溶解度積に関して、同じ元素の硫化物であっても結晶形態等によって、異なる溶解度積を示すものがある。表1では、pKspの差Δが小さくなる結晶形態等を有する硫化物を列記している。これは、pKspの差Δが大きくなる形態であっても、対象となる硫化物とのpKspの差Δが10以上となり、交換反応が進行すると考えられるからである。
・MnSを介在物として含んでいることを確認済の鉄鋼試料を用意し、表面不純物を除くために、予め鏡面研磨を施す。
・従来から知られている硫化物系介在物を残渣として回収できる4質量%サリチル酸メチル+1質量%サリチル酸+1質量%塩化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAC)を含み、溶媒がメタノールである電解液(4%MS)を用意する。
・前記鉄鋼試料を前記電解液中で電解を行う。
・電解終了後に、Agイオン溶液を前記電解液中に滴下し混合する。
・Agイオン溶液滴下する前と後で、表面を電解した鉄鋼試料について、走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)による観察および、EDSによる表面元素濃度の計測を行う。
・図5は、Agイオン滴下後のものであり、左上画像はSEM観察像であり、右上画像がSEM観察像に、EDSにより計測したAg濃度のチャートを重ねて示したものであり、左下画像がMn濃度のチャートを重ねて示したものであり、右下画像がS濃度のチャートを重ねて示したものである。
・なお、当然のことながら、Agイオン滴下前では、Agの存在は認められなかった。
金属材料中に含まれる抽出対象金属化合物MxAyの溶解度積をKsp[MxAy] とすると、
Δ=pKsp[M’x’Ay’]-pKsp[MxAy]
=(-log10Ksp[M’x’Ay’])-(-log10Ksp[MxAy])
≧10
である。
なお、ここでMとM’は異なる金属元素であり、AはMまたはM’と化合物を形成する単原子または原子団であり、x、x’、y、y’はM、M’、Aの価数に応じて決まる前記化合物の組成比を表し、前記溶解度積Kspは水溶液中25℃での値である。
M’は、Hg、Ag、Cu、Pb、Cd、Co、Zn、およびNiの少なくとも一つであってもよいが、Mとは異なる金属元素である。Aは、MまたはM’と化合物を形成する単原子または原子団であり、C、N、H、S、O、PならびにFの原子からなる群より独立して選ばれる1つ以上の原子を含んでもよい。Hg、Ag、Cu、Pb、Cd、Co、Zn、およびNiの硫化物と、MnSとのpKspの差Δは、10以上である。特に、Hg、Ag、Cuの硫化物と、MnSとのpKspの差Δは、20以上である。
抽出対象金属化合物MxAyとアタック金属化合物M’x’Ay’のpKspの差Δが10程度の場合、数時間でArtifact(擬制)が生じ得る。実際の電解抽出分析は数時間のオーダーで行われることが多い。そのため、pKspの差Δが10程度の組み合わせは、分析に影響を与える可能性がある。本発明では、pKspの差Δが10以上と規定しており、その場合に生じ得るArtifact(擬制)を抑制することができる。
抽出対象金属化合物MxAyとアタック金属化合物M’x’Ay’のpKspの差Δが大きいほど、Artifact(擬制)が容易または迅速に生じ得る。本発明では、pKspの差Δが大きいMxAyとM’x’Ay’の組み合わせを選択することができ、それにより、容易または迅速に生じ得るArtifact(擬制)を抑制することができ、好ましい。この点で、M’x’Ay’のpKsp[M’x’Ay’]は、抽出対象金属化合物MxAyのpKsp[MxAy]に比べて、11以上大きいことが好ましく、12以上大きいことがさらに好ましくは、13以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、14以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、15以上大きいことがより好ましく、16以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、17以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、18以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、19以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、20以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、21以上大きいことが好ましく、22以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、23以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、24以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、25以上大きいことがより好ましく、26以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、27以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、28以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、29以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、30以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、31以上大きいことが好ましく、32以上大きいことがさらに好ましくは、33以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、34以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、35以上大きいことがより好ましく、36以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、37以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、38以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、39以上大きいことがさらに好ましく、40以上大きいことがさらに好ましい。
なお、溶解度積Kspは水溶液中の値であるが、表2で示すとおり、非水溶媒(低級アルコール)を用いた場合でもKspより求められるpKsp(-log10Ksp)の差Δが10以上で、反応が認められることが確認されている。具体的には、以下の確認試験を行った。
・抽出対象物を含む試料として、MnSを含有する鋼材2種(MnSの粒径が1μm以上のもの、及び粒径100~150nmのもの)を用意し、それらの表面に鏡面研磨仕上げを行った。
・アタック金属M’+イオンとして、Ag、Cu、Pb、Co、Zn、Niの金属イオン濃度が、それぞれ1000μg/mlの6種類の原子吸光分析用標準溶液(M’+溶液)を用意した。M’溶液0.1mlを非水溶媒であるメタノール0.3mlと混合した。
・鋼材表面に混合液を塗布して、鋼材表面の変化を確認した。
AgおよびCuを含む混合液を塗布したものは、塗布から5分以内に鋼材の表面が黒色に変化した。Pbを含む混合液を塗布したものは、塗布から10分程度で鋼材の表面が黒色に変化した。Co、Zn、Niを含む混合液を塗布したものは、塗布から20分程度で鋼材の表面が黒色に変化した。
・さらに、変色のあった鋼材についてSEMおよびEDS観察を行ったところ、いずれもMnS粒子の表面でMnとアタック金属M’との置換(すなわち、Artifact(擬制))が生じていることが確認された。
このことから、本発明の範囲では、溶解度積Kspは水溶液中の指標であるが、非水溶液に適用することが可能であり、そこでの溶解度積Kspは水溶液中と同様の傾向を示すことが推定される。
また、pKspの差Δが大きいほど、置換(Artifact(擬制))反応が速いことも確認された。一方で、pKspの差Δが小さくとも、相対的に反応速度は遅くなるものの、着実に置換(Artifact(擬制))反応が進行することも確認された。鋼材の電解抽出分析は、数時間のオーダーで行われることが多い。例えば、試料を電解液に漬けておく時間として、2時間程度で計画していても、さらに1時間程度延長されることもある。pKspの差Δが10となるNi含有液とMnSを用いた場合、20分程度で変色が見られた。つまり、pKspの差Δが10以上では、置換(Artifact(擬制))反応が、問題となり得ることが確認された。
これに関連して、上記の確認試験に加えて、アタック金属M’+溶液とメタノールの混合液にさらに錯化剤としてトリエチレンテトラミン(TETA)0.1mlを加えたもの(錯化剤添加液)を用意し、それを鏡面仕上げ鋼材に塗布した場合の観察も行った。錯化剤添加溶液を加えた場合、数時間経過後も鋼材表面の変色は見られず、良好な鏡面研磨状態が保持された。SEMおよびEDS観察でも、Artifact(擬制)は確認されなかった。
表3は、アタック金属M’としてのCuまたはNiを各種キレート剤で捕捉したときの、錯体の安定度定数(Log10Kd)を示したものである。安定度定数が高いほど、アタック金属を捕捉し、再び遊離させにくいと考えられるため、好ましい。化合物M’x’Ay、特にCuSの生成を抑制する場合、アタック金属M’を含む錯体を形成する薬剤として、安定度定数が10以上のもの、好ましくは12以上のもの、さらに好ましくは14以上のもの、より好ましくは16以上のもの、さらに好ましくは18以上のもの、より好ましくは20以上のものを、選択してもよい。一般に、生成を抑制すべき化合物M’x’Ayの溶解度積をKsp[M’x’Ay’]とすると、pKsp[M’x’Ay’](=-Log10Ksp[M’x’Ay’])とLogKdとの差、pKsp[M’x’Ay’]-LogKdが、26未満のもの、好ましくは24未満のもの、さらに好ましくは22未満のもの、より好ましくは20未満のもの、さらに好ましくは18未満のもの、より好ましくは16未満のものを、選択してもよい。
なお、一般的な電解操作において電解液の攪拌を行う場合、攪拌によって生じる電解液の流れが電解対象物に接触しないように、攪拌操作が行われる。これは、攪拌によって生じた電解液の流れが電解対象物に影響を与えないようにするという考えに基づく。本発明では、錯体を形成する薬剤がアタック金属M’またはその発生源に接触しやすいという観点から、攪拌等によって生じる電解液の流れが電解対象物に接触するように、当該薬剤を攪拌または供給してもよい。
また、バブリングのための気体としては窒素ガスやヘリウム、アルゴン等の不活性ガスが挙げられる。酸素や水素等の活性ガスは、電解液中の溶存酸素濃度に影響を与えるおそれがあり、電解対象物に影響を与えるおそれがあるため、好ましくない。
図2aは本願発明に係る電解液によって表面を電解した鉄鋼試料、図2bは、従来の電解液を用いて表面を電解した鉄鋼試料の走査電子顕微鏡による観察写真に、EDSにより計測したCu濃度のグラフを重ねて示したものである。電解前に、鉄鋼試料には、表面不純物を除くために、予め鏡面研磨を施した。
それぞれの走査電子顕微鏡写真の下に、上記Cu濃度グラフのみを抽出して記載したものを同掲した。
結果を図3に示す。同図において、SEMは、介在物粒子存在部分の走査電子顕微鏡写真である。この粒子と、その近傍について、元素解析を実施した。
その結果、介在物粒子の部分において、MnとSのグラフの値が上昇しており、介在物粒子が、MnとSを含む、即ち具体的には、MnSであることが確認できた。
一方、Cu成分は、ピークが見られず、介在物には含まれないことも確認できた。
電解液は、以下の3種類を用意した。
(1)4%MS:従来から知られている硫化物系介在物を残渣として回収できる4質量%サリチル酸メチル+1質量%サリチル酸+1質量%塩化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAC)を対照例としたもの。
(2)4%MS+5%TETA:(1)の4%MSに、Cuイオンと錯体を形成するトリエチレンテトラミン(TETA)5体積%を添加したもの。
(3)5%TETA:トリエチレンテトラミン(TETA)5体積%(TETA)5体積%+1質量%塩化テトラメチルアンモニウム(TMAC)の電解液。
なお、溶媒は(1)~(3)のいずれでもメタノールとした。
同図において、3本の帯グラフは、それぞれ電解残渣中から検出されたMnとCuを重ねて%単位で示したものであり、左から、(1)従来の電解液(4%MS)で電解した場合、(2)従来電解液に、TETA5体積%を添加した本願発明に係る電解液(4%MS+5%TETA)で電解した場合、(3)TETA5体積%(5%TETA)を添加した本願発明に係る電解液で電解した場合、を示す。いずれの場合もPt電極を陰極として、電解を行った。
この場合、電解残渣中のCu成分は、62ppmにまで減少している。
電解残渣から計測されるCu濃度は、12ppmまで減少した。
本願発明者らは、ポリフルオロエチレン製フィルターを採用することで、フィルターの溶解現象を防ぐことができることを発見した。
5 介在物・析出相粒
6 電極(陰極側)
7 参照電極
8 電源(ポテンショスタット)
9 電解液
10 電解槽
11 電解残渣
Claims (19)
- 金属材料を電解液中でエッチングし、金属材料中の金属化合物粒子を抽出する方法において、
金属化合物M’x’Ay’の溶解度積をKsp[M’x’Ay’] とし、
前記金属材料中に含まれる抽出対象金属化合物MxAyの溶解度積をKsp[MxAy] とすると、
下記式で定義されるΔが10以上となる金属M’を含む錯体を形成する薬剤を含んでなる電解液を用いること、を特徴とする、金属化合物粒子の抽出方法。
Δ=pKsp[M’x’Ay’]-pKsp[MxAy]
=(-log10Ksp[M’x’Ay’])-(-log10Ksp[MxAy])
ここで、MとM’は異なる金属元素であり、AはMまたはM’と化合物を形成する単原子または原子団であり、x、x’、y、y’はM、M’、Aの価数に応じて決まる前記化合物の組成比を表し、前記溶解度積Kspは水溶液中25℃での値である。
- 電解液が非水溶媒系電解液であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の金属化合物粒子の抽出方法。
- 前記抽出対象金属化合物MxAyがMnSまたはFeSの1種または2種であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の金属化合物粒子の抽出方法。
- 前記pKspが大きい金属化合物M’x’Ay’の金属M’が、Hg、Ag、Cu、Pb、Cd、Co、Zn、およびNiの少なくとも一つであることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物粒子の抽出方法。
- 前記薬剤が、クラウンエーテルを含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物粒子の抽出方法。
- 前記薬剤が、ポリエチレンアミン類、エチレンジアミン4酢酸、シクロヘキサンジアミン4酢酸のうちのいずれか1種または2種以上を含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物粒子の抽出方法。
- 前記薬剤がトリエチレンテトラミンを含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項6に記載の金属化合物粒子の抽出方法。
- 前記金属材料が鉄鋼材料であることを特徴とする、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物粒子の抽出方法。
- 前記エッチング後の電解液をフィルターに通し、捕集した残渣として金属化合物粒子を抽出する際に、前記フィルターが4フッ化エチレン樹脂製フィルターであることを特徴とする請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物粒子の抽出方法。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の金属化合物粒子の抽出方法で抽出した金属化合物粒子を分析することを特徴とする金属化合物粒子の分析方法。
- 金属材料をエッチングし、金属材料中の金属化合物粒子を抽出する際に用いる電解液であって、
金属化合物M’x’Ay’の溶解度積をKsp[M’x’Ay’] とし、
前記金属材料中に含まれる抽出対象金属化合物MxAyの溶解度積をKsp[MxAy] とすると、
下記式で定義されるΔが10以上となる金属M’を含む錯体を形成する薬剤を含んでなること、を特徴とする、電解液。
Δ=pKsp[M’x’Ay’]-pKsp[MxAy]
=(-log10Ksp[M’x’Ay’])-(-log10Ksp[MxAy])
ここで、MとM’は異なる金属元素であり、AはMまたはM’と化合物を形成する単原子または原子団であり、x、x’、y、y’はM、M’、Aの価数に応じて決まる前記化合物の組成比を表し、前記溶解度積Kspは水溶液中25℃での値である
- 非水溶媒系であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の電解液。
- 前記抽出対象金属化合物MxAyがMnSまたはFeSの1種または2種であることを特徴とする、請求項11または12に記載の電解液。
- 前記小さい溶解度積Kspを有する金属化合物M’x’Ay’の金属M’が、Hg、Ag、Cu、Pb、Cd、Co、Zn、およびNiの少なくとも一つであることを特徴とする、請求項11~13のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- 前記薬剤が、クラウンエーテルを含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項11~14のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- 前記薬剤が、ポリエチレンアミン類、エチレンジアミン4酢酸、シクロヘキサンジアミン4酢酸のうちのいずれか1種または2種以上を含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項11~15のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- 前記薬剤がトリエチレンテトラミンを含んでなることを特徴とする、請求項16に記載の電解液。
- 前記金属材料が鉄鋼材料であることを特徴とする、請求項11~17のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
- 前記非水溶媒は、メタノール、エタノールの少なくとも一つを含んでなることを特徴とする請求項11~18のいずれか1項に記載の電解液。
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JP2019101002A (ja) * | 2017-12-08 | 2019-06-24 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 金属化合物粒子の抽出用電解液、およびそれを用いた電解抽出方法 |
WO2021106711A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-06-03 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 析出物および/または介在物の抽出方法、析出物および/または介在物の定量分析方法、ならびに、電解液 |
JPWO2021106711A1 (ja) * | 2019-11-25 | 2021-12-02 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 析出物および/または介在物の抽出方法、析出物および/または介在物の定量分析方法、ならびに、電解液 |
JP7010411B2 (ja) | 2019-11-25 | 2022-01-26 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 析出物および/または介在物の抽出方法、析出物および/または介在物の定量分析方法、ならびに、電解液 |
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CN108139306A (zh) | 2018-06-08 |
TW201731572A (zh) | 2017-09-16 |
US11137326B2 (en) | 2021-10-05 |
TWI632944B (zh) | 2018-08-21 |
KR102214110B1 (ko) | 2021-02-09 |
EP3418712B1 (en) | 2024-04-03 |
RU2703241C1 (ru) | 2019-10-15 |
EP3418712A1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
BR112018016727A2 (ja) | 2018-12-26 |
EP3418712A4 (en) | 2019-10-02 |
KR20180053705A (ko) | 2018-05-23 |
JPWO2017142088A1 (ja) | 2018-12-27 |
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BR112018016727B1 (pt) | 2023-03-07 |
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