WO2017141885A1 - 電着液及び電着塗装体 - Google Patents
電着液及び電着塗装体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017141885A1 WO2017141885A1 PCT/JP2017/005222 JP2017005222W WO2017141885A1 WO 2017141885 A1 WO2017141885 A1 WO 2017141885A1 JP 2017005222 W JP2017005222 W JP 2017005222W WO 2017141885 A1 WO2017141885 A1 WO 2017141885A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/44—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for electrophoretic applications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/1003—Preparatory processes
- C08G73/1035—Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diisocyanates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08G73/14—Polyamide-imides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
- C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/44—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for electrophoretic applications
- C09D5/4419—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes for electrophoretic applications with polymers obtained otherwise than by polymerisation reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C09D5/4461—Polyamides; Polyimides
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/20—Diluents or solvents
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- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/45—Anti-settling agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/04—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process with organic material
- C25D13/06—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process with organic material with polymers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D13/00—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process
- C25D13/12—Electrophoretic coating characterised by the process characterised by the article coated
- C25D13/16—Wires; Strips; Foils
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
- H01B13/065—Insulating conductors with lacquers or enamels
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
- H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
- H01B13/16—Insulating conductors or cables by passing through or dipping in a liquid bath; by spraying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
- H01B3/303—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups H01B3/38 or H01B3/302
- H01B3/306—Polyimides or polyesterimides
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
- H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrodeposition liquid containing a polyamideimide resin, a polar solvent, water, a poor solvent, and a base, and an electrodeposition coated body in which the object to be coated is coated with polyamideimide by electrodeposition coating this electrodeposition liquid.
- Electrodeposition coating a rectangular conductive wire is passed through an electrodeposition bath filled with an electrodeposition solution and then passed through a solvent bath filled with an organic solvent, or in a mist or vapor of an organic solvent.
- a method of forming an insulating film by passing it through and then baking is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- a method of spraying an organic solvent after electrodepositing a rectangular conductive wire in an electrodeposition solution a method of generating an organic solvent mist by ultrasonic waves and a method of spraying an organic solvent vapor from an injection nozzle are disclosed. (For example, refer to Patent Documents 3 and 4).
- Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 03-159014 (right column on the first page to upper right column on the second page) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 03-241609 (A) (lower left column on page 4 to upper left column on page 5) Japanese Patent Publication No. 04-065159 (B) (left column on page 2) Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-160304 (A) (paragraph [0006])
- a first aspect of the present invention is an electrodeposition solution containing a polyamideimide resin, a polar solvent, water, a poor solvent and a base, wherein the polar solvent has a boiling point exceeding 100 ° C. and the following formula (1) Whether D ( SP) is an organic solvent satisfying the relationship of D (SP) ⁇ 6, and the polyamideimide (resin) has a weight average molecular weight of 10 ⁇ 10 4 to 30 ⁇ 10 4 Alternatively, the polyamideimide (resin) has a number average molecular weight of 2 ⁇ 10 4 to 5 ⁇ 10 4 (hereinafter referred to as “electrodeposition liquid of the present invention”).
- D (S ⁇ P) [(dD S ⁇ dD P ) 2 + (dP S ⁇ dP P ) 2 + (dH S ⁇ dH P ) 2 ] 1/2
- dD S is the variance component of HSP values polar solvent (Hansen Solubility Parameter)
- dD P is the variance component of HSP values of polyamideimide (resin)
- dP S is a polar solvent a polarization component of the HSP value
- dP P is the polarization component of the HSP values of polyamideimide (resin)
- dH S is a hydrogen bonding component of the HSP values of polar solvents
- HSP of dH P polyamideimide (resin) The hydrogen bond component of the value.
- 2nd aspect of this invention is invention based on 1st aspect, Comprising:
- a third aspect of the present invention is an invention based on the first or second aspect, wherein the polar solvent is a hydrophilic solvent (hereinafter referred to as “electrodeposition liquid of the present invention”). ).
- a fourth aspect of the present invention is the invention according to any one of the first to third aspects, wherein the polar solvent is N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, It is characterized by being 4-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (hereinafter referred to as “the electrodeposition solution of the present invention”).
- the polar solvent is N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, It is characterized by being 4-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (hereinafter referred to as “the electrodeposition solution of the present invention”).
- an electrodeposition coated body comprising an object to be coated and an insulating film made of the polyamideimide resin according to the first aspect formed on the surface of the object.
- the insulating film formed on the surface of the painted body has a number of pinholes of 50/10 ⁇ m 2 or less, a surface roughness Ra of 50 nm or less, and the coated body is a conductor with a rectangular cross section,
- the difference between the film thickness of the flat portion of the conductive wire and the film thickness of the corner portion of the conductive wire is 5 ⁇ m or less (hereinafter referred to as “the electrodeposition coated body of the present invention”).
- a polar solvent, water, a poor solvent and a base are added to the electrodeposition liquid containing polyamideimide, thereby generating and spraying an organic solvent tank, mist and vapor.
- the apparatus and the control apparatus are not required, and since the organic solvent is not vaporized or misted, the possibility of being released into the atmosphere can be reduced, and the production environment can be made safe and simple. Further, since the boiling point of the polar solvent exceeds 100 ° C., even if the water in the electrodeposition liquid evaporates beyond 100 ° C. in the baking process of the electrodeposition liquid onto the surface of the object to be coated, the polar solvent remains and the polar solvent remains.
- the effect of swelling and dissolution of polyamideimide due to can be expected for a long time. That is, conventionally, when a polar solvent having a low compatibility with the polyamideimide is added, it is difficult for the polar solvent molecules to enter the polymer chain forming the polyamideimide particles, so that the polymer chain is in a state of being released. In other words, the film forming property is not improved and cracks and pinholes may occur.
- the solubility of the polar solvent in the polyamideimide is defined by the formula D (SP) ⁇ 6 using the Hansen solubility parameter, so a polar solvent highly compatible with the polyamideimide is selected. Can be added.
- the polyamideimide particles are in a swollen state, that is, the polymer chains are released by the polar solvent molecules entering the polymer chains forming the polyamideimide particles. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture an electrodeposition-coated body having a flat insulating film having excellent insulating properties without cracks or pinholes.
- the electrodeposition containing the polyamideimide particles When an insulating film is applied by electrodeposition to the surface of the object to be coated, such as a conducting wire with a rectangular cross section, the thickness of the insulating film on the flat surface of the object to be coated and the thickness of the insulating film on the sharp corner of the object to be coated Insulating film with excellent film thickness uniformity can be applied. When the thickness of the insulating film exceeds a certain value, foaming is likely to occur.
- the entire insulating film can be formed thick without foaming by uniformly forming all the flat and corner portions of the insulating film.
- the mixed solution of the polyamideimide and the polar solvent becomes transparent, the mixed solution of the polyamideimide and the polar solvent becomes cloudy.
- the polar solvent is not soluble polyamide-imide, dD S polar solvents, dP S, a three-dimensional graph of the dH S, the center of the smallest sphere that points representing polar solvents with the solubility of the polymer enters all inside the dD P polyamideimide, dP P, since estimates that dH P was selected polar solvent satisfying the relationship D (S-P) ⁇ 6 , as described above, a highly polar solvent having polyamideimide compatibility Can be selected and added.
- the polyamide-imide particles are in a swollen state, that is, the polymer chains are released by the polar solvent molecules entering the polymer chains forming the polyamide-imide particles, and the polyamide-imide particles are fused during thermosetting. Since it becomes easy and the film-forming property is improved, it is possible to produce an electrodeposition-coated body having a flat insulating film excellent in insulating properties without cracks or pinholes.
- the polar solvent is a hydrophilic solvent
- an electrodeposition liquid in which polyamideimide particles are dispersed in water or water / organic solvent can be obtained.
- an insulating film of polyamideimide can be reliably formed on the surface of the object to be coated using the electrodeposition liquid.
- Polyamideimide particles having a weight average molecular weight of 10 ⁇ 10 4 to 30 ⁇ 10 4 or a number average molecular weight of 2 ⁇ 10 4 to 5 ⁇ 10 4 , using 3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone Can be dispersed in the electrodeposition solution.
- an insulating film having excellent film thickness uniformity can be applied to the surface of the object to be coated using this electrodeposition solution.
- the insulating film formed on the surface of the object to be coated is excellent in insulating properties, and has an electron beam, Insulation performance can be maintained even in harsh environments where irradiation with cosmic rays and ultraviolet rays is severe. Further, since the surface roughness Ra is 50 nm or less, the film thickness of the flat portion of the insulating film becomes uniform. Furthermore, since the difference between the film thickness of the flat portion of the rectangular cross-section conducting wire and the film thickness of the corner portion of the cross-section flat conducting wire is 5 ⁇ m or less, as described above, the thickness of the insulating film is more than a certain thickness.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the relationship between the number average molecular weight and the weight average molecular weight of the electrodeposition liquids of Example 1, Examples 6 to 10, Comparative Example 3 and Comparative Example 4.
- the electrodeposition liquid of the present invention contains a polyamideimide resin, a polar solvent, water, a poor solvent, and a base.
- the polar solvent is an organic solvent having a boiling point exceeding 100 ° C. and D (SP ) represented by the following formula (1) satisfies the relationship of D (SP) ⁇ 6.
- D (S ⁇ P) [(dD S ⁇ dD P ) 2 + (dP S ⁇ dP P ) 2 + (dH S ⁇ dH P ) 2 ] 1/2 (1)
- dD S is the variance component of HSP values of polar solvents
- dD P is the variance component of HSP values of polyamideimide
- dP S is the polarization component of the HSP values of polar solvents
- dP P is the polarization component of the HSP values of polyamideimide
- dH S is a hydrogen bonding component of the HSP values polar solvent
- dH P is hydrogen bonding component of the HSP values of polyamideimide.
- the reason why the boiling point of the polar solvent is limited to a range exceeding 100 ° C. is based on the following reason. This is because, in an electrodeposition solution containing water and polyamideimide, water is first evaporated during baking. That is, if the polar solvent evaporates before water, the polyamideimide cannot be expected to swell and dissolve with the polar solvent during baking. Swelling is expected to have an effect that a polar solvent enters between the polymer chains constituting the polyamideimide, and the polyamideimide swells and easily adheres to the adjacent polyamideimide particles. In addition, the effect that the polar solvent enters between the polymer chains to release the bonds of the polymer chains and the polyamideimide is dissolved can be expected.
- the polyamide imide is dissolved in the polar solvent so that the polyamide imide does not start to harden at the original curing temperature of 80 ° C., and even after the moisture evaporates, the melted polyamide imide flows on the surface of the conductor. This is because baking can be performed with the body uniformly attached.
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyamideimide in the electrodeposition liquid is 10 ⁇ 10 4 to 30 ⁇ 10 4
- the number average molecular weight of the polyamideimide is 2 ⁇ 10 4 to 5 ⁇ 10 4
- the weight average molecular weight of the polyamideimide is limited to the range of 10 ⁇ 10 4 to 30 ⁇ 10 4 or the number average molecular weight of the polyamideimide is limited to the range of 2 ⁇ 10 4 to 5 ⁇ 10 4 .
- the film thickness of the insulating film formed using the electrodeposition liquid becomes non-uniform, and the weight This is because if the average molecular weight exceeds 30 ⁇ 10 4 or the number average molecular weight exceeds 5 ⁇ 10 4 , polyamideimide cannot be synthesized.
- the weight average molecular weight and the number average molecular weight of polyamideimide are measured using a high-speed GPC apparatus (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation: HLC-8320GPC) and a column having an exclusion limit molecular weight of 4 ⁇ 10 7 or more (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation: Using TSKgel Super AWM-H), the values detected by the suggested refractometer are converted to standard polystyrene and are respectively measured molecular weights.
- the polar solvent is preferably a hydrophilic solvent.
- polar solvents include N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, propylene carbonate, dimethyl sulfoxide, 4-butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and the like.
- the poor solvent include isopropyl alcohol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, cyclohexanone, and the like
- examples of the base include N, N-dimethylaminoethanol, triethylamine, tripropylamine, triethanolamine, imidazole, and the like. It is done.
- the poor solvent here means a solvent having a low solubility in polyamideimide, and specifically means a solvent having a solubility of polyamideimide of 1 g / 100 g-solvent or less.
- the polar solvent with solubility of polyamideimide is used.
- the mixed solution of polyamideimide and polar solvent becomes cloudy, the polar solvent without solubility of polyamideimide. and then, dD S polar solvents, dP S, when three-dimensional graph of the dH S, the center of the smallest sphere that points representing polar solvents with solubility of the polyamide-imide enters all the inside of the polyamideimide dD P, dP P, it is preferable to estimate that dH P to select a polar solvent satisfying the relationship D (S-P) ⁇ 6 . Thereby, a polar solvent highly compatible with polyamideimide can be selected and added.
- the polyamide-imide particles are in a swollen state, that is, the polymer chains are released by the polar solvent molecules entering the polymer chains forming the polyamide-imide particles, and the polyamide-imide particles are fused during thermosetting. Since it becomes easy and the film-forming property is improved, it is possible to produce an electrodeposition-coated body having a flat insulating film excellent in insulating properties without cracks or pinholes.
- polyamideimide particles and various polar solvents are mixed to prepare a solution containing 1% by mass of polyamideimide particles with respect to the polar solvent.
- Each solution is divided into two groups: a transparent liquid group in which polyamideimide particles are gelled and a cloudy liquid group in which polyamideimide particles are precipitated.
- the dispersion term dD S , polarization term dP S , and hydrogen bond term dH S of the Hansen solubility parameter of each polar solvent is made into a three-dimensional graph, and the group that became a transparent liquid is inside, and the group that becomes a cloudy liquid is outside A sphere with the smallest radius is created, and the center of the sphere is estimated as the Hansen parameter of polyamideimide.
- the value obtained by inputting the estimated Hansen solubility parameter of the polyamideimide and the Hansen solubility parameter of the polar solvent into the above formula (1) is a polar solvent having a good solubility of the polyamideimide as D (SP) ⁇ 6 Select as
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and trimellitic anhydride are mixed at a predetermined ratio to prepare a mixed solution.
- the temperature is raised to 0 ° C., and the mixture is stirred at this temperature for 1 to 2 hours.
- the mixed solution is heated to 170 to 180 ° C., held at this temperature for 2 to 5 hours (first heat treatment), reacted, and then cooled to 40 to 80 ° C.
- a predetermined amount of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is added to the cooled mixture to dilute.
- the liquid mixture containing a polyamidoimide (PAI) is obtained.
- the mixture is further diluted with a polar solvent, and a predetermined amount of a poor solvent and a base are added to the diluted mixture and stirred. Further, a predetermined amount of water is added dropwise while stirring the mixed solution at a rotational speed of 8000 to 12000 rpm. Thereby, an electrodeposition liquid in which polyamideimide particles are dispersed is obtained.
- first heat treatment 2 to 5 hours
- second heat treatment 2 to 5 hours
- the electrodeposition coating body in which the body to be coated is coated with polyamideimide is produced by electrodeposition coating of the electrodeposition liquid thus produced.
- This electrodeposition coated body includes a body to be coated and an insulating film made of a polyamide-imide resin formed on the surface of the body to be coated. Further, as shown in FIG. 1, the electrodeposition coating body is formed by coating an electrodeposition liquid 102 on a conducting wire 101 b having a rectangular cross section using an electrodeposition coating apparatus 100, and a rectangular conducting wire 101 b coated with the electrodeposition liquid 102. Is heat-treated to form a cured polyamideimide insulating film on the surface of the flat conducting wire 101b.
- the electrodeposition liquid 102 prepared by adding the predetermined polar solvent selected by the selection method using the Hansen solubility parameter described above is used as the electrodeposition liquid of the electrodeposition coating apparatus 100.
- the electrodeposition liquid 102 containing a polar solvent for electrodeposition coating the electrodeposition liquid 102 for forming a desired insulating film can be easily prepared, and the electrodeposition coating is performed without providing a separate step for coating the polar solvent. It becomes possible to do.
- the conducting wire 101b having a rectangular cross section is a kind of wire whose cross section is finished in a rectangular shape by drawing or rolling metal.
- the aspect ratio of the conducting wire 101b having a rectangular cross section is preferably 1 to 50.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a method of performing electrodeposition and baking processes continuously in the vertical direction, but the electrodeposition coating of the present invention is a method of performing each process continuously in the horizontal direction, or a single process. Any system such as a batch system in which the next process is performed after the process can be performed.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a manufacturing process for forming an insulating film on a conducting wire 101b having a rectangular cross section by an electrodeposition coating apparatus 100.
- FIG. An anode 104 connected to the positive electrode of the DC power source 103 is installed on a conducting wire 101 a having a circular cross section that is wound in a cylindrical shape.
- the conducting wire 101a having a circular cross section is pulled up in the direction of the arrow 105 and goes through each step.
- the conducting wire 101a having a circular cross section is rolled into a rectangular cross section by passing through a pair of rolling rollers 106 to become a conducting wire 101b having a rectangular cross section (flat conducting wire 101b).
- the rectangular conductive wire 101 b passes through the electrodeposition tank 107 filled with the electrodeposition liquid 102.
- a cathode 108 connected to the negative electrode of the DC power source 103 is installed around the flat conductive wire 101 b passing therethrough.
- a DC voltage is applied by the DC power source 103, and the polyamideimide resin dissolved in the electrodeposition liquid 102 is electrodeposited on the surface of the flat wire 101b.
- the flat wire 101b pulled up from the electrodeposition tank 107 passes through the baking furnace 109, and the polyamideimide resin electrodeposited on the flat wire 101b is baked onto the flat wire 101b to form an insulating film.
- An insulated conductor is obtained.
- the term “insulated conductor” refers to a conductor (an object to be coated) having an insulating film formed on the surface.
- the conducting wire include a copper wire, an aluminum wire, a steel wire, and a copper alloy wire.
- the temperature of the electrodeposition liquid 102 is preferably in the range of 5 to 60 ° C., and the concentration of polyamideimide is preferably in the range of 1 to 40% by mass.
- the DC voltage of the DC power supply 103 is preferably in the range of 1 to 300 V, and the energization time is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 30 seconds.
- the baking temperature in the baking furnace 109 is preferably in the range of 200 to 600 ° C.
- the concentration of the polar solvent is such that the lower limit is such that cracks do not occur in the insulating film, and the upper limit is such a value that the conductivity of the electrodeposition liquid 102 is reduced and film formation by electrodeposition does not become difficult.
- a range of 1 to 70% by mass is preferred.
- the difference between the thickness of the insulating film at the flat portion of the object to be coated and the thickness of the insulating film at the sharp corner of the object to be coated is unlikely to occur.
- An insulating film with excellent uniformity can be applied. This is considered based on the following reason. Conventionally, as shown in FIG. 3, when using a large polyamideimide particle 111 having an average particle size exceeding 400 nm, it is difficult for the polyamideimide particle 111 to uniformly adhere to the surface of the flat conducting wire 101b at the beginning of the electrodeposition process.
- polyamideimide particles 111 adhering later difference D 1 of the thickness of the insulating film is increased leading to uneven.
- the polyamideimide particles 112 when polyamideimide particles 112 having a small average particle diameter of 400 nm or less are used, the polyamideimide particles 112 are relatively dense on the surface of the flat wire 101b at the initial stage of the electrodeposition process. Since the polyamideimide particles 112 having a small average particle diameter enter the surface of the flat conductive wire 101b that has not adhered at the initial stage of the electrodeposition process and become denser in the subsequent electrodeposition process, the film thickness of the insulating film is reduced.
- the difference D 2 is reduced.
- foaming is likely to occur when the thickness of the insulating film exceeds a certain thickness.
- the corners may be formed even if the flat part does not foam.
- foaming may occur, so that the entire insulating film can be formed thick without foaming by uniformly forming all the flat and corner portions of the insulating film.
- the average particle size of the polyamideimide particles is a volume-based average particle size measured using a dynamic light scattering particle size distribution analyzer (LB-550 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).
- Example 1 First, in a 2 liter four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser tube, a nitrogen inlet tube and a thermometer, 320 g (3.23 mol) of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 4,4′- 181 g (0.72 mol) of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 139 g (0.72 mol) of trimellitic anhydride (TMA) were prepared to prepare a mixed solution. The temperature of the mixed solution was raised to 60 ° C. Stir at temperature for 1 hour.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- a SUS plate as a counter electrode and a copper plate as an object to be coated were immersed in this electrodeposition solution, and these were connected to the cathode and the anode, respectively, and electrodeposited by flowing a charge of 0.1 C (Coulomb) at DC 100V. Thereafter, the object to be coated was left to stand in a muffle furnace at 250 ° C. for 3 minutes, and then dried and baked.
- a copper plate having a polyamideimide insulating film formed on this surface was designated as Example 1. The length, width and thickness of the copper plate were 15 mm, 15 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively. Further, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone was added in an amount of 50% by mass with respect to 100% by mass of the electrodeposition solution.
- Example 2-5 and Comparative Examples 1-2 As shown in Table 1, instead of 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI: polar solvent) in Example 1, the same amount of N, N-dimethylformaldehyde (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 4-butyllactone (4B), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), formaldehyde and acetone were used. Except for the above, an electrodeposition solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and an insulating film of polyamideimide was formed on the surface of the copper plate using this electrodeposition solution.
- DI 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone
- the withstand voltage was measured using an AC withstand voltage tester (manufactured by Kikusui Electronics Co., Ltd .: TOS5000). At this time, the voltage was 6000 V, the HI-Limit (upper limit current) was 5000 ⁇ A, and the Ramp time (temperature rise time) was 30 seconds. These results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 also shows the type, boiling point, dD, dP, dH and D ( SP ) of the polar solvent. Further, the polyamideimide had a dD of 18.5, a dP of 5.7, and a dH of 8.7.
- Examples 6 to 7 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 As shown in Table 2, the time (2 hours) of the first heat treatment in Example 1 was set to 4 hours, 5 hours, 0.5 hours, and 1 hour. Each changed. Except for the above, an electrodeposition solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and an insulating film of polyamideimide was formed on the surface of the copper plate using this electrodeposition solution.
- Example 8 First, in a 2 liter four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a nitrogen inlet tube and a thermometer, 313 g (3.16 mol) of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 4,4′- A mixed solution was prepared by charging 162 g (0.65 mol) of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 124.5 g (0.648 mol) of trimellitic anhydride (TMA), and the temperature of the mixed solution was raised to 60 ° C. Stir at this temperature for 1 hour.
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- the mixture was heated to 180 ° C., held at this temperature for 2 hours (first heat treatment), reacted, and then cooled to 60 ° C.
- 12 g (0.072 mol) of hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) and 14.5 g (0.072 mol) of trimellitic anhydride were added to the cooled mixture, and the mixture was maintained at 60 ° C. Stir at this temperature for 1 hour.
- this mixed liquid was heated to 180 ° C., held at this temperature for 3 hours (second heat treatment), reacted, and then cooled to 60 ° C.
- Example 9 First, in a 2 liter four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser, a nitrogen inlet tube and a thermometer, 313 g (3.16 mol) of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 4,4′- Charge and mix 162 g (0.65 mol) of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), 124.5 g (0.648 mol) of trimellitic anhydride (TMA), and 0.7325 g (0.016 mol) of ethanol (EtOH). A liquid was prepared, and the mixture was heated to 60 ° C. and stirred at this temperature for 4 hours.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- EtOH ethanol
- Example 10 First, in a 2 liter four-necked flask equipped with a stirrer, a condenser tube, a nitrogen inlet tube and a thermometer, 320 g (3.23 mol) of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 4,4′- 181 g (0.72 mol) of diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and 139 g (0.72 mol) of trimellitic anhydride (TMA) were prepared to prepare a mixed solution. The temperature of the mixed solution was raised to 60 ° C. Stir at temperature for 1 hour. Subsequently, this mixed liquid was heated up to 140 ° C.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- MDI diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- TMA trimellitic anhydride
- the weight average molecular weight, number average molecular weight, and average particle size of the polyamideimide particles in the electrodeposition solution before forming the polyamideimide insulating film on the copper plate surfaces of Example 1, Examples 6 to 10 and Comparative Examples 3 to 4 are as follows. Each was measured. The weight-average molecular weight and number-average molecular weight of the polyamideimide particles were measured using a high-speed GPC apparatus (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation: HLC-8320GPC) and a column having an exclusion limit molecular weight of 4 ⁇ 10 7 or more (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation: TSKgel Super AWM-H).
- the molecular weight was measured by converting the numerical value detected by the suggestive refractometer into standard polystyrene.
- the flow rate was 0.600 cc / min
- the control temperature was 40 ° C.
- the sampling rate was 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 cc / sec
- the sample injection amount was 0.010 cc.
- dimethylacetamide added with 1 mmol of lithium bromide and 100 mmol of phosphoric acid as an adsorption inhibitor was used as the mobile phase.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is calculated by the following formula (2)
- the number average molecular weight (Mn) is the following formula: Calculated according to (3).
- Mw ⁇ (Mi 2 ⁇ Ni) / ⁇ (Mi ⁇ Ni) (2)
- Mn ⁇ (Mi ⁇ Ni) / ⁇ Ni (3)
- the average particle diameter of the polyamideimide particles was measured by using a dynamic light scattering particle size distribution measuring device (LB-550 manufactured by Horiba, Ltd.).
- the planar portion 121a was 90% (13.5 mm) of the total length (15 mm) of the copper plate 121, and the corner portion 121b was 5% (0.75 mm) of the total length (15mm) of the copper plate 121.
- the “thickness of the flat portion of the insulating film” is the thickness of the thinnest portion of the flat portion 121a when the thickness of the insulating film 122 is measured every X (every 0.5 mm).
- “uniformity of the thickness of the flat portion of the insulating film” is a film of the thickest portion and the thinnest portion when the thickness of the insulating film 122 is measured for each flat surface 121a every X (every 0.5 mm).
- a thickness difference (measured value) was calculated, and a value (ratio) obtained by dividing the difference (measured value) by the “thickness of the flat portion of the insulating film” was calculated and evaluated.
- the “corner thickness of the insulating coating” is the thickness of the thickest portion of the corner 121b when the thickness of the insulating coating 122 is measured every Y (every 0.1 mm).
- “Difference between the thickness of the flat part and the corner of the insulating film” is calculated by calculating the difference (measured value) between the “Thickness of the flat part of the insulating film” and the “Thickness of the corner of the insulating film”.
- the measured value and the ratio of “uniformity of the thickness of the flat portion of the insulating film” are kept approximately 3 to 4 ⁇ m and +6 to + 10%, respectively, and the thickness of the insulating film on the flat portion of the copper plate and the corner portion of the copper plate.
- the measured values and ratios of the difference in the thickness of the insulation film, that is, the “difference in the thickness of the flat portion and the corner portion of the insulation film” and the ratio were extremely small, 2 to 3 ⁇ m and +5 to + 8%, respectively.
- Comparative Example 3 since the weight average molecular weight of the polyamideimide particles was too small as 4 ⁇ 10 4 and the number average molecular weight of the polyamideimide particles was too small as 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 , the polyamideimide particles were dispersed in water. The electrodeposition solution could not be prepared. In Comparative Example 4, the weight average molecular weight of the polyamideimide particles is too small as 7 ⁇ 10 4 , the number average molecular weight of the polyamideimide particles is too small as 1.7 ⁇ 10 4, and the average particle diameter of the polyamideimide particles is further reduced.
- the uniformity of the thickness of the insulating film in the flat part of the copper plate that is, the measured value and ratio of “uniformity of the thickness of the flat part of the insulating film” are greatly changed to 17 ⁇ m and + 44%, respectively.
- the measured value and ratio of the difference between the thickness of the insulating film at the flat part of the copper plate and the thickness of the insulating film at the corner part of the copper plate that is, the difference between the thickness of the flat part and the corner part of the insulating film is 24 ⁇ m and + 62%, respectively It became bigger.
- the thickness of the insulating film tends to increase from the flat portion to the corner portion of the copper plate.
- Examples 11 to 13 Using the same electrodeposition solution as in Example 1, an insulating film of polyamideimide was formed on the surface of the copper plate so as to be thinner than that in Example 1. These copper plates with insulating coatings were designated as Examples 11 to 13.
- the insulation film 122 of polyamideimide formed on the surface of the copper plate 121 (vertical: 15 mm, horizontal: 15 mm, thickness: 0.4 mm) of Example 1 and Examples 11 to 13
- the thickness of the insulating film 122 on the flat surface 121a of 121 (the thickness of the flat surface of the insulating film) and the uniformity of the thickness of the insulating film 122 on the flat surface 121a of the copper plate 121 (the uniformity of the thickness of the flat surface of the insulating film)
- the thickness of the insulating film at the corner 121 b of the copper plate 121 (the thickness of the corner of the insulating film), the thickness of the insulating film 122 at the flat surface 121 a of the copper plate 121, and the insulating film 122 at the corner 121 b of the copper plate 121.
- the measured value and the ratio of the “uniformity of the flat thickness of the insulating film” are kept approximately 2 ⁇ m and +8 to + 17%, respectively, and the thickness of the insulating film on the flat surface of the copper plate and the corner of the copper plate.
- the measured values and ratios of the difference in the thickness of the insulating film that is, the “thickness difference between the flat portion and the corner portion of the insulating film”, were kept small at 2 to 3 ⁇ m and +7 to + 14%, respectively.
- the electrodeposited body of the present invention can be used for personal computers, power inductors for power supplies of smartphones, transformers for in-vehicle inverters, and the like.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2016年2月18日に日本に出願された特願2016-028698号及び2017年1月23日に日本に出願された特願2017-009063号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
D(S-P)=[(dDS-dDP)2+(dPS-dPP)2+(dHS-dHP)2]1/2 (1)
但し、式(1)において、dDSは極性溶媒のHSP値(Hansen Solubility Parameter)の分散成分であり、dDPはポリアミドイミド(樹脂)のHSP値の分散成分であり、dPSは極性溶媒のHSP値の分極成分であり、dPPはポリアミドイミド(樹脂)のHSP値の分極成分であり、dHSは極性溶媒のHSP値の水素結合成分であり、dHPはポリアミドイミド(樹脂)のHSP値の水素結合成分である。
D(S-P)=[(dDS-dDP)2+(dPS-dPP)2+(dHS-dHP)2]1/2 (1)
但し、式(1)において、dDSは極性溶媒のHSP値の分散成分であり、dDPはポリアミドイミドのHSP値の分散成分であり、dPSは極性溶媒のHSP値の分極成分であり、dPPはポリアミドイミドのHSP値の分極成分であり、dHSは極性溶媒のHSP値の水素結合成分であり、dHPはポリアミドイミドのHSP値の水素結合成分である。
Mw=Σ(Mi2・Ni)/Σ(Mi・Ni) (2)
Mn=Σ(Mi・Ni)/ΣNi (3)
ここで言う貧溶媒とは、ポリアミドイミドに対しての溶解度が小さい溶媒を意味し、具体的には、ポリアミドイミドの溶解度が1g/100g-溶媒以下のものを意味する。
先ず、撹拌機、冷却管、窒素導入管及び温度計を備えた2リットルの四つ口フラスコに、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)320g(3.23モル)と、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)181g(0.72モル)と、無水トリメリット酸(TMA)139g(0.72モル)とを仕込んで混合液を調製し、この混合液を60℃に昇温し、この温度で1時間撹拌した。次いで、この混合液を180℃まで昇温しこの温度に2時間保持(第1加熱処理)して反応させた後に、60℃まで冷却した。次に、この冷却した混合液に、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を960g(9.68モル)加えて希釈することにより、重量平均分子量が12×104であり、数平均分子量が2.2×104であり、不揮発分が20重量%であるポリアミドイミド(PAI)を含む混合液を得た。この混合液(PAI:NMP=20質量%:80質量%)2.5gを1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン(DMI:極性溶媒)5.0gで更に希釈し、次いでこの希釈した混合液に、1-メトキシプロパノール(1M2P)0.8gと、トリプロピルアミン(TPA)0.015gとを加え、よく撹拌した。この混合液を高速で撹拌(8000~12000rpmが望ましい)しながら水1.7gを滴下して加え、ポリアミドイミド粒子が分散した電着液を得た。この電着液に対抗電極のSUS板と被塗物の銅板(平角導線の代用)を浸し、これらを陰極及び陽極にそれぞれ繋ぎ、DC100Vで電荷量を0.1C(クーロン)流して電着した後、被塗物を250℃のマッフル炉に3分間静置して乾燥焼付を行った。この表面にポリアミドイミドの絶縁皮膜が形成された銅板を実施例1とした。なお、銅板の縦、横及び厚さはそれぞれ15mm、15mm及び0.4mmであった。また、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノンは、電着液100質量%に対して50質量%添加した。
実施例2~5及び比較例1~2では、表1に示すように、実施例1の1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン(DMI:極性溶媒)に替えて、同量のN,N-ジメチルホルムアルデヒド(DMF)、ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO)、4-ブチルラクトン(4B)、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)、ホルムアルデヒド及びアセトンをそれぞれ用いた。上記以外は、実施例1と同様にして、電着液をそれぞれ調製し、この電着液を用いて銅板の表面にポリアミドイミドの絶縁皮膜をそれぞれ形成した。
実施例1~5及び比較例1~2の銅板の表面に形成されたポリアミドイミドの絶縁皮膜について、クラックの有無、表面粗さRa、ピンホールの個数、及び耐電圧をそれぞれ測定した。具体的には、クラックの有無は目視により判定した。また、表面粗さRaは、JISC0601に基づき、表面段差計(株式会社アルバック社製:触針式表面形状測定器)を用いて測定した。また、ピンホールの個数は、SEM写真(倍率:5000倍、面積:20μm×20μm)により計測した。更に、耐電圧は、AC耐電圧試験機(菊水電子社製:TOS5000)を用いて測定した。このとき、電圧は6000Vであり、HI-Limit(上限電流)は5000μAであり、Ramp time(昇温時間)は30秒間であった。これらの結果を表1に示す。なお、表1には、極性溶媒の種類、沸点、dD、dP、dH及びD(S-P)も記載した。また、ポリアミドイミドは、dDが18.5であり、dPが5.7であり、dHが8.7であった。
実施例6~7及び比較例3~4では、表2に示すように、実施例1の第1加熱処理の時間(2時間)を、4時間、5時間、0.5時間及び1時間にそれぞれ変更した。上記以外は、実施例1と同様にして、電着液をそれぞれ調製し、この電着液を用いて銅板の表面にポリアミドイミドの絶縁皮膜をそれぞれ形成した。
先ず、撹拌機、冷却管、窒素導入管及び温度計を備えた2リットルの四つ口フラスコに、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)313g(3.16モル)と、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)162g(0.65モル)と、無水トリメリット酸(TMA)124.5g(0.648モル)とを仕込んで混合液を調製し、この混合液を60℃に昇温し、この温度で1時間撹拌した。この混合液を180℃まで昇温しこの温度に2時間保持(第1加熱処理)して反応させた後に、60℃まで冷却した。次いで、この冷却した混合液に、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート(HDI)12g(0.072モル)と、無水トリメリット酸14.5g(0.072モル)とを加え、この混合液を60℃に維持し、この温度で1時間撹拌した。次に、この混合液を180℃まで昇温しこの温度に3時間保持(第2加熱処理)して反応させた後に、60℃まで冷却した。更に、この冷却した混合液に、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンを939g(9.47モル)加えて希釈することにより、重量平均分子量が17×104であり、数平均分子量が2.4×104であり、不揮発分が20重量%であるポリアミドイミド(PAI)を含む混合液を得た。上記以外は、実施例1と同様にして、電着液を調製し、この電着液を用いて銅板の表面にポリアミドイミドの絶縁皮膜を形成した。
先ず、撹拌機、冷却管、窒素導入管及び温度計を備えた2リットルの四つ口フラスコに、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)313g(3.16モル)と、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)162g(0.65モル)と、無水トリメリット酸(TMA)124.5g(0.648モル)と、エタノール(EtOH)0.7325g(0.016モル)とを仕込んで混合液を調製し、この混合液を60℃に昇温し、この温度で4時間撹拌した。次いで、この混合液を180℃まで昇温しこの温度に2時間保持(第1加熱処理)して反応させた後に、60℃まで冷却した。次に、この冷却した混合液に、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンを960g(9.68モル)加えて希釈することにより、重量平均分子量が8×104であり、数平均分子量が2.2×104であり、不揮発分が20重量%であるポリアミドイミド(PAI)を含む混合液を得た。上記以外は、実施例1と同様にして、電着液を調製し、この電着液を用いて銅板の表面にポリアミドイミドの絶縁皮膜を形成した。
先ず、撹拌機、冷却管、窒素導入管及び温度計を備えた2リットルの四つ口フラスコに、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)320g(3.23モル)と、4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)181g(0.72モル)と、無水トリメリット酸(TMA)139g(0.72モル)とを仕込んで混合液を調製し、この混合液を60℃に昇温し、この温度で1時間撹拌した。次いで、この混合液を140℃まで昇温しこの温度に2時間保持(第1加熱処理)して反応させた。次に、この混合液を180℃まで昇温しこの温度に2時間保持(第2加熱処理)して反応させた後に、60℃まで冷却した。更に、この冷却した混合液に、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を960g(9.68モル)加えて希釈することにより、重量平均分子量が27×104であり、数平均分子量が4.8×104であり、不揮発分が20重量%であるポリアミドイミド(PAI)を含む混合液を得た。上記以外は、実施例1と同様にして、電着液を調製し、この電着液を用いて銅板の表面にポリアミドイミドの絶縁皮膜を形成した。
実施例1、実施例6~10及び比較例3~4の銅板表面にポリアミドイミドの絶縁皮膜を形成する前の電着液中のポリアミドイミド粒子の重量平均分子量、数平均分子量及び平均粒径をそれぞれ測定した。ポリアミドイミド粒子の重量平均分子量及び数平均分子量は、高速GPC装置(東ソー社製:HLC-8320GPC)を使用し、排除限界分子量4×107以上のカラム(東ソー社製:TSKgel Super AWM-H)を用い、示唆屈折率計にて検出した数値を標準ポリスチレン換算して分子量測定を行った。ここで、流量は0.600cc/分であり、制御温度は40℃であり、サンプリング速度は5×10-3cc/秒であり、サンプル注入量は0.010ccであった。なお、移動相には、ジメチルアセトアミドに吸着抑制剤として臭化リチウム1ミリモルとリン酸100ミリモルを添加したものを用いた。但し、測定された分子量をMiとし、測定されたポリマー分子の数をNiとするとき、重量平均分子量(Mw)は次の式(2)により算出し、数平均分子量(Mn)は次の式(3)により算出した。
Mw=Σ(Mi2・Ni)/Σ(Mi・Ni) (2)
Mn=Σ(Mi・Ni)/ΣNi (3)
また、ポリアミドイミド粒子の平均粒径は、動的光散乱粒径分布測定装置(堀場製作所製LB-550)を用いて体積基準平均粒径を測定した。
実施例1と同一の電着液を用いて、銅板の表面にポリアミドイミドの絶縁皮膜を実施例1より薄くなるようにそれぞれ形成した。これらの絶縁被膜付の銅板を実施例11~13とした。
図4に示すように、実施例1及び実施例11~13の銅板121(縦:15mm、横:15mm、厚さ:0.4mm)の表面に形成されたポリアミドイミドの絶縁皮膜122について、銅板121の平面部121aにおける絶縁皮膜122の厚さ(絶縁皮膜の平面部厚さ)と、銅板121の平面部121aにおける絶縁皮膜122の厚さの均一性(絶縁皮膜の平面部厚さの均一性)と、銅板121の角部121bにおける絶縁皮膜の厚さ(絶縁皮膜の角部厚さ)と、銅板121の平面部121aにおける絶縁皮膜122の厚さと銅板121の角部121bにおける絶縁皮膜122の厚さとの差(絶縁皮膜の平面部と角部の厚さの差)をそれぞれ測定し算出した。その結果を表3に示す。なお、具体的な測定方法及び算出方法は、比較試験2と同様であるので、繰返しの説明を省略する。
102 電着液
112 平均粒径の小さいポリアミドイミド粒子
Claims (5)
- ポリアミドイミド樹脂と極性溶媒と水と貧溶媒と塩基とを含む電着液であって、
前記極性溶媒は、沸点が100℃を超えかつ次の式(1)で表されるD(S-P)がD(S-P)<6の関係を満たす有機溶媒であり、
前記ポリアミドイミドの重量平均分子量が10×104~30×104であるか又は前記ポリアミドイミドの数平均分子量が2×104~5×104である
ことを特徴とする電着液。
D(S-P)=[(dDS-dDP)2+(dPS-dPP)2+(dHS-dHP)2]1/2 (1)
但し、式(1)において、dDSは極性溶媒のHSP値の分散成分であり、dDPはポリアミドイミドのHSP値の分散成分であり、dPSは極性溶媒のHSP値の分極成分であり、dPPはポリアミドイミドのHSP値の分極成分であり、dHSは極性溶媒のHSP値の水素結合成分であり、dHPはポリアミドイミドのHSP値の水素結合成分である。 - 前記ポリアミドイミドと前記極性溶媒の混合液が透明化した場合を前記ポリアミドイミドの溶解性がある極性溶媒とし、前記ポリアミドイミドと前記極性溶媒の混合液が白濁化した場合をポリアミドイミドの溶解性がない極性溶媒とし、前記極性溶媒のdDS、dPS、dHSを3次元グラフ化し、前記ポリアミドイミドの溶解性がある極性溶媒の表す点が全て内側に入る最小球の中心を前記ポリアミドイミドのdDP、dPP、dHPと推定して前記D(S-P)<6の関係を満たす極性溶媒を選定する請求項1記載の電着液。
- 前記極性溶媒が親水系溶媒である請求項1又は2記載の電着液。
- 前記極性溶媒はN,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、プロピレンカーボネイト、ジメチルスルホキシド、4-ブチロラクトン、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、又は1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノンである請求項1ないし3いずれか1項記載の電着液。
- 被塗装体と、この被塗装体表面に形成された請求項1に記載のポリアミドイミド樹脂からなる絶縁皮膜とを備えた電着塗装体であって、
前記被塗装体の表面に形成された絶縁皮膜は、ピンホールの数が50個/10μm2以下であり、かつ表面粗さRaが50nm以下であり、
前記被塗装体が断面平角状の導線であって、
前記導線の平面部の膜厚と前記導線の角部の膜厚の差が5μm以下であることを特徴とする電着塗装体。
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