WO2017130578A1 - 前立腺癌の判定方法 - Google Patents
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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- G01N2333/948—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- G01N2333/95—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99)
- G01N2333/964—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue
- G01N2333/96425—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue from mammals
- G01N2333/96427—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue from mammals in general
- G01N2333/9643—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue from mammals in general with EC number
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- G01N2333/948—Hydrolases (3) acting on peptide bonds (3.4)
- G01N2333/95—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99)
- G01N2333/964—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue
- G01N2333/96425—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue from mammals
- G01N2333/96427—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue from mammals in general
- G01N2333/9643—Proteinases, i.e. endopeptidases (3.4.21-3.4.99) derived from animal tissue from mammals in general with EC number
- G01N2333/96433—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21)
- G01N2333/96441—Serine endopeptidases (3.4.21) with definite EC number
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- G01N2800/00—Detection or diagnosis of diseases
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel method for determining prostate cancer and its malignancy.
- Prostate cancer prostate carcinoma: hereinafter abbreviated as “Pca” was the most common cancer among men in Western countries, but in recent years it has been increasing rapidly in Japan. It is estimated that it became the most prevalent malignant tumor.
- PSA Prostate specific antigen
- PSA is mostly present in the blood as bound PSA that forms a complex by binding to binding proteins such as ⁇ 1-antichymotrypsin and ⁇ 2-macroglobulin (hereinafter abbreviated as “bound PSA”). .
- bound PSA binding proteins
- total PSA value the total amount of PSA (ie, the total amount of free PSA and combined PSA, hereinafter referred to as “total PSA value”) is not distinguished from this free PSA and bound PSA. Is abbreviated as).
- the reference value (normal value) of the total PSA value is less than 4 ng / mL. If there is any disease in the prostate, the total PSA value rises. It is said that Pca is found in about 40% of patients with a total PSA value of 10 to 20 ng / mL, and more than 50% of patients with a total PSA value of 20 ng / mL or more.
- Non-patent Document 2 The intermediate range of 4.1-10 ng / mL, where the total PSA value is higher than the normal value but lower than the above high value, is called the so-called gray zone (Non-patent Document 2). It is said that the probability that cancer is found in patients with this gray zone total PSA value is about 25-30%. For example, it is known that the total PSA level is often high even when there is other prostate diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (abbreviated as “BPH”) and prostatitis. . That is, even if the total PSA value is higher than the normal value, it does not necessarily mean that the patient is suffering from Pca. Therefore, when the total PSA value in the serum PSA test is in the gray zone, a normal needle biopsy is performed to obtain a definitive diagnosis. However, the risk of infectious disease increases due to the needle biopsy. ing.
- BPH benign prostatic hyperplasia
- glycoproteins By the way, most of the molecules currently used as tumor markers are glycoproteins. It is known that the sugar chain structure of this tumor marker is greatly different between that derived from normal tissue and that derived from cancer.
- PSA is also a glycoprotein with a molecular weight of 34 kDa, and sugar chains occupy about 8%.
- Non-Patent Document 3 In the research on the sugar chain that PSA has, PSA has a double-chain sugar chain, and that sugar chain is only an N-type sugar chain with sialic acid bound to galactose at the end with ⁇ (2,6) bond There was a report (Non-Patent Document 3).
- Patent Document 1 Performed affinity chromatography using MAA (Maackia amurensis Lectin), which specifically recognizes sugar chains in which terminal sialic acid residues are linked to galactose by ⁇ (2,3) bonds.
- MAA Mesackia amurensis Lectin
- a method for identifying BPH was completed (Patent Document 1). The method takes the following: “Percentage ratio of free PSA value and total PSA value of lectin-binding fraction to free PSA value and total PSA value of serum before fractionation, or serum before fractionation Is a method of taking the percentage ratio of the free PSA value of the lectin-binding fraction to the free PSA value and discriminating Pca and BPH from the value ”.
- Non-patent Document 4 the terminal sialic acid of the PSA sugar chain is not only ⁇ (2,6) bond but also ⁇ (2,3) bond. Oyama et al. Found that there are about 10% of those bound to galactose.
- PSA in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the N-type sugar chain is bound to galactose by ⁇ (2,3) bond rather than PSA that is bound to galactose by ⁇ (2,6) bond It has been clarified that increases (Non-Patent Document 5).
- the median total PSA value of the Pca patient-derived sample used in Patent Document 1 was 138 ng / mL, which was much higher than the gray zone. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to determine the Pca of a patient whose total PSA value is in a gray zone by the identification method described in this document.
- Pca has benign Pca and malignant Pca. Since benign Pca progresses slowly, there is an option to follow up without invasive treatment such as surgery. On the other hand, since malignant Pca progresses rapidly, it is necessary to discover Pca at an early stage and determine its malignancy. However, markers and methods for distinguishing between benign Pca and malignant Pca are not yet known.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and an object thereof is to provide a new determination method of Pca and a determination method of its malignancy.
- the present inventors have determined that the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain relative to the amount of free PSA in the biological sample. It has been found that the ratio of the amount of free PSA having an ⁇ (2,) 3) -linked sugar chain serves as an index for determining whether or not it is Pca. As a result of further intensive research, it can be determined that Pca is high or the probability is high when the ratio is higher than 40%, and that the malignancy of Pca is high when the ratio is higher than 47%. The present invention has been completed.
- the present invention has the following configuration. “Amount of free PSA with sugar chain in which ⁇ - (2,3) -linked sialic acid residue of sugar chain is linked to the second galactose residue from the end of sugar chain relative to the amount of free prostate specific antigen in biological samples A method for determining prostate cancer, wherein the ratio is determined to be prostatic cancer or probable if the ratio is higher than 40%. "
- the method for determining Pca of the present invention can non-invasively and easily determine (diagnose, test) Pca and its malignancy with high accuracy.
- a patient whose total PSA value, which has been difficult to determine in the past is in the gray zone, it is possible to determine whether it is Pca or has a high probability.
- the determination result obtained by the determination method of the present invention is an important guideline for setting the subsequent Pca treatment policy. It becomes.
- the Pca determination method of the present invention can determine Pca with high accuracy even when using a foreign sample that is likely to affect the measurement of PSA such as sugar chain diversity and the determination of Pca.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a microchip used in Example 1.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an in-chip flow path of a microchip used in Example 1.
- 2 is an electropherogram obtained in Example 1.
- 2 is an electropherogram obtained in Example 2.
- Fig. 6 (1) shows the results obtained using electrophoresis sample A containing recombinant ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA, and Fig.
- FIG. 6 (2) shows recombinant ⁇ (2, 6) sugar.
- the results obtained using the electrophoresis sample A containing the chain free PSA are shown respectively. It is the result of confirming the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA obtained in Example 3 by measurement by microchip capillary electrophoresis.
- FIG. 7 (1) shows the relationship between the ratio of the ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount calculated based on the actual measurement value of each sample solution and the theoretical value.
- FIG. 7 (2) shows the measured peak area ( ⁇ ) of the fraction of complex 1 obtained for each sample solution, the measured peak area ( ⁇ ) of the fraction of composite 2, and the sample solution. The relationship with the theoretical value of is shown.
- FIG. 9 (1) shows the result of comparing the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount obtained in Example 4 between Pca patients and BPH patients.
- FIG. 9 (2) shows the result of comparing the total PSA value (total PSA) obtained in Comparative Example 1 between the Pca patient and the BPH patient.
- FIG. 9 (3) shows the result of comparison between the Pca patient and the BPH patient in the ratio of the free PSA value to the total PSA value (% fPSA) obtained in Comparative Example 2. Moreover, the lower figure of FIG. 9 is the result of the ROC analysis obtained based on each measurement result. 7 is an ROC curve obtained in Example 5. The results obtained in Example 7 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4 are shown.
- FIG. 11 (1) shows the results of comparing the ratio of ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount obtained in Example 7 in Pca patients and BPH patients.
- FIG. 11 (2) shows the results of ROC analysis obtained in Example 7 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
- FIG. 14 (1) shows the results of analysis of the ratio of ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount.
- FIG. 14 (2) shows the result of analyzing the total PSA value. It is the result of having performed the test of the cut-off value based on the result of the ROC analysis performed in Example 8. The results obtained in Example 9 and Comparative Example 5 are shown.
- FIG. 16 (1) shows the relationship between the Gleason score and the “ratio of ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount” obtained in Example 9.
- FIG. 16 (1) shows the relationship between the Gleason score and the “ratio of ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount” obtained in Example 9.
- FIG. 16 (2) shows the relationship between the Gleason score and the total PSA value obtained in Comparative Example 5. It is the result of having performed the test of the cut-off value based on the result of the ROC curve analysis obtained in Example 9. The results obtained in Example 10 and Comparative Example 6 are shown.
- FIG. 18 (1) shows the results of comparison of the ratio of ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount obtained in Example 10 between Pca patients and BPH patients.
- FIG. 18 (2) shows the result of comparing the amount of ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA (MFI) obtained in Comparative Example 6 between Pca patients and non-cancer patients.
- 10 is a sensorgram obtained by the surface plasmon resonance method performed in Example 11.
- bound PSA refers to a PSA generally called “bound PSA”, that is, “PSA bound to a binding protein such as ⁇ 1-antichymotrypsin or ⁇ 2-macroglobulin to form a complex”.
- the “free PSA” means a PSA generally called “free PSA”, that is, “PSA not bound to a binding protein such as ⁇ 1-antichymotrypsin or ⁇ 2-macroglobulin”.
- the sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain means that the end of the sugar chain (non-reducing end) is It means a sugar chain having a structure of Sia ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 Gal.
- the terminal sialic acid residue include N-acetylneuraminic acid.
- the “sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain” specifically refers to the following structure.
- FIG. 1 an example of a PSA having a sugar chain of the formula (I) is schematically shown in FIG.
- the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- the sugar chain is bound to the asparagine residue (N) in the amino acid sequence of isoleucine-arginine-asparagine-lysine (IRNK) of the PSA protein.
- the “free PSA having a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain” is a free PSA.
- PSA refers to a PSA having a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA ( ⁇ (2, 3) free PSA).
- the “free PSA having a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 6) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain” means “free PSA”.
- PSA refers to a PSA having a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 6) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA ( ⁇ (2, 6) free PSA).
- the method for determining Pca of the present invention is to measure the ratio of the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA in a biological sample (hereinafter also simply referred to as “sample”).
- sample a biological sample
- a method for determining prostate cancer wherein if the ratio is higher than 40%, it is determined that the cancer is prostate cancer or the probability thereof is high. Is.
- the amount of free PSA according to the present invention is the total amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the amount of free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in the sample.
- the “free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA” according to the present invention means that the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain according to the present invention is the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain. It means free PSA without ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) linked sugar chain.
- the method for determining Pca of the present invention is as follows: ⁇ Measure the amount of free PSA and the amount of ⁇ (2,) 3) sugar chain free PSA in a sample derived from a living body, and use ⁇ (2, 3 for the obtained free PSA amount. ) A method for determining prostate cancer, wherein the ratio of the sugar chain free PSA amount is determined, and when the ratio is 40% or higher, it is determined that the cancer is prostate cancer or the probability thereof is high.
- Method for directly measuring the amount of free PSA in a sample In order to directly measure the amount of free PSA, a known method for measuring the amount of free PSA may be used. For example, it may be measured by a known immunoassay method using an anti-free PSA antibody or an anti-PSA antibody and an anti-free PSA antibody.
- the anti-PSA antibody according to the present invention is an antibody having affinity for PSA, specifically, an antibody having affinity (binding) to the core protein of PSA. That is, the anti-PSA antibody according to the present invention includes an antibody that binds to both free PSA and bound PSA, and an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA (anti-free PSA antibody). Unless otherwise specified, the term “anti-PSA antibody” as used herein includes an antibody that binds to both free PSA and bound PSA, and an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- the type of the anti-PSA antibody according to the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, either a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody, and these may be used alone or in appropriate combination. Further, it may be Fab, (ab ′) 2 , Fab ′ fragment, or antibody variable region of these antibodies.
- a commercially available antibody may be used as the anti-PSA antibody according to the present invention.
- AntiAnPSA monoclonal antibody PSA10 Anti PSA monoclonal antibody Clone No. PSA10, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Anti-PSA monoclonal antibody (5A6) (HyTest), Anti-PSA monoclonal antibody (5G6) (HyTest), Anti-PSA monoclonal antibody (PS6) (HyTest), Anti-PSA monoclonal antibody (PSA14) ) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Anti-Prostate Specific Antigen antibody EP1588Y
- Anti-Prostate Specific Antigen antibody A67-B / E3
- Anti-Prostate Specific Antigen Antibody 35H9
- Anti-Prostate Specific Antigen antibody KLK3 / 801)
- Anti-Prostate Specific Antigen antibody 3E6
- Anti-Prostate SpecificProAntigen antibody 8301)
- Anti-Prostate Specific Antigen antibody A5D5
- Anti-Prostate Specific Antigen antibody PSA 28 / A4)
- anti-PSA antibodies include, for example, Anti PSA monoclonal antibody PSA12 (Anti PSA monoclonal antibody Clone No. PSA12, Japanese Koyo Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. own product), Anti PSA monoclonal antibody (8A6) (HyTest), Anti PSA monoclonal antibody (PS1) (HyTest), Anti PSA monoclonal antibody (clone 108) (Anogen), Anti-Prostate Specific Antigen antibody (PS2) (Abcam), Anti-Prostate Antigen antibody (2H9) (Abcam) and the like.
- the anti-PSA antibody (including anti-free PSA antibody) according to the present invention may be labeled with a detectable labeling substance.
- the labeling substance used for labeling the antibody include the same labeling substances as those for labeling “the antibody used as the affinity substance according to the present invention” described later.
- the antibody labeling method may be the same as the method for labeling an antibody used as the affinity substance according to the present invention described later.
- the amount of free PSA is measured using commercially available kits for measuring free PSA (for example, Human Circulating Cancer BioMarker Panel 1 Select Kit (manufactured by LUMINEX)), Free PSA / Abbott (Abbott), Lumipulse Free PSA (Fujirebio ( Co., Ltd.), Vitros Free PSA (Ortho Clinical Diagnostics Co., Ltd.), ST AIA-PACK free PSA (Tosoh Co., Ltd.), Eclus TM Reagent free PSA (Roche Diagnostics Co., Ltd.) You may measure using.
- kits for measuring free PSA for example, Human Circulating Cancer BioMarker Panel 1 Select Kit (manufactured by LUMINEX)
- Free PSA / Abbott Abbott
- Lumipulse Free PSA Flujirebio ( Co., Ltd.)
- Vitros Free PSA Ortho Clinical Diagnostics Co., Ltd.
- ST AIA-PACK free PSA Tosoh Co., Ltd.
- the “method of measuring the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA” means the method of measuring“ the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA ”or“ ⁇ And a method of measuring the amount of (2, PS3) sugar chain free PSA and the amount of free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA ”.
- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA it is preferable to measure by a measuring method in which the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is 80% or more.
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is ⁇ From the free PSA with various sugar chain-modified isomers mixed in the sample, the terminal sialic acid residue of the target sugar chain is ⁇ (2,2) from the end of the sugar chain to the second galactose residue.
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA according to the present invention means that ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain release that can finally be detected with respect to the total amount of free PSA present in the sample. It can be said that it is the ratio of type PSA.
- the capture efficiency of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA according to the present invention is 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, still more preferably 98% or more, and particularly preferably 100%. .
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA according to the present invention can be confirmed by the method described later. However, it is not necessary to confirm the capture efficiency every time the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is measured.
- “Method of measuring the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA or the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the amount of free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA” as, For example, 1) a substance having affinity for a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain (hereinafter abbreviated as “affinity substance”).
- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA sugar chain terminal sialic acid residue is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain and the affinity substance ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount using interaction, or ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount and free PSA amount other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA How to measure
- the affinity substance used in the affinity substance above method the second galactose residue terminal sialic acid residue of the carbohydrate is from the end of the sugar chain alpha (2, 3) has an affinity for binding sugar chains ( It is a substance that binds).
- a substance having a specific affinity (specifically binding) to a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2,3) bonded to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain is preferable.
- the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain has affinity (bonds) to the sugar chain in which ⁇ (2, 3) is bonded to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain, but other sugar chains (for example, sugar A substance having no affinity for (does not bind to) a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the chain is ⁇ (2, 6) -linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain is particularly preferred.
- affinity substance according to the present invention examples include lectins or antibodies having such properties.
- lectins and antibodies as affinity substances will be described in more detail.
- Affinity substance lectin
- the lectin used as the affinity substance according to the present invention has an affinity for a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- Examples include lectins having (binding) sex.
- a lectin having a specific affinity (specifically binds) to a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2,3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain is preferred.
- the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain has affinity (bonds) to the sugar chain in which ⁇ (2, 3) is bonded to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain, but other sugar chains (for example, sugar A lectin that has no affinity for (does not bind to) a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the chain is ⁇ (2, 6) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain) is particularly preferred.
- Examples of lectins having such properties include plant example lectins such as MAA which is a lectin derived from canine eel (Maackia amurensis), ACG which is a lectin derived from willow matsutake (Agrocybe cylindracea), and CD169 (sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1). And animal lectins such as rat MAG, CD328, siglec-9 (sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-like lectin-9). Of these, MAA is preferable.
- the lectin may be labeled with a detectable labeling substance.
- labeling substances used for labeling lectins include fluorescent dyes (fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), Cy5, Alexa Fluor 647, etc.), enzymes (horseradish-derived peroxidase), coenzymes, chemiluminescent substances, radioactive substances ( 32 P, 14 C, 125 I, 3 H, 131 I, etc.) and biotin and other labeling substances.
- fluorescent dyes fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), Cy5, Alexa Fluor 647, etc.
- enzymes horseradish-derived peroxidase
- coenzymes chemiluminescent substances
- radioactive substances 32 P, 14 C, 125 I, 3 H, 131 I, etc.
- biotin and other labeling substances include fluorescent dyes (fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), Cy5, Alexa Fluor 647, etc.), enzymes (horseradish-derived peroxidase), coenzymes,
- Affinity substance antibody An antibody used as an affinity substance according to the present invention is specific to a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain. And antibodies having a specific affinity (binding). An antibody having a specific affinity (specifically binds) to a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain is preferable.
- the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain has affinity (bonds) to the sugar chain in which ⁇ (2, 3) is bonded to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain, but other sugar chains (for example, sugar Particularly preferred is an antibody that does not have affinity (does not bind), such as a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the chain is ⁇ (2, 6) -linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- the type of antibody used as the affinity substance according to the present invention is not particularly limited.
- any of a polyclonal antibody and a monoclonal antibody may be used, and these may be used alone or in appropriate combination.
- These antibodies may be Fab, (ab ′) 2 , Fab ′ fragments, or antibody variable regions.
- the antibody used as the affinity substance according to the present invention may be a commercially available antibody.
- An antibody used as an affinity substance according to the present invention that is, an antibody having affinity for a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain
- Examples of commercially available products include Anti-Sia ⁇ 2-3, Monoclonal Antibody (HYB4) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), Anti-GM3 (Neu-Ac), Monoclonal Antibody (Clone: M2590) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) ), Anti-sialyl Lea antigen, monoclonal antibody (MSW113) (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), Anti-GM3 Monoclonal Antibody (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), Anti-Sialyl Lewis A Monoclonal Antibody (1H4) (Tokyo Chemical Industry) Co., Ltd.), Anti-Sialyl Lewis A Monoclonal
- the antibody used as the affinity substance according to the present invention may be labeled with a detectable labeling substance.
- the labeling substance used for labeling the antibody include alkaline phosphatase, ⁇ -galactosidase, peroxidase, microperoxidase, glucose oxidase, glucose-6- used in EIA (ELISA, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay).
- Enzymes such as phosphate dehydrogenase, acetylcholinesterase, malate dehydrogenase, and luciferase, for example, radioisotopes such as 99m Tc, 131 I, 125 I, 14 C, and 3 H used in RIA (Radioimmunoassay), such as HiLyte 647 (manufactured by AhaSpec), fluorescent materials such as fluorescein, dansyl, fluorescamine, coumarin, naphthylamine or their derivatives, such as luciferin, isoluminol, luminol, bis (2,4,6-trifluorophenyl) Luminescent substances such as oxalate, such as phenol, naphthol, Substances having absorption in the ultraviolet region such as tracene or derivatives thereof, such as 4-amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl, 3-amino-2,2,5,5-tetra Methy
- Method 1 that is, “a sugar having a terminal sialic acid residue of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA linked ⁇ (2, 3) to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA is preferably 80% or more.
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in the above method is “the terminal sial of the target sugar chain from the free PSA protein having various sugar chain-modified isomers mixed in the sample.
- To capture and detect (measure) free PSA having sugar chains ( ⁇ 2,3-type sialyl sugar chains) with acid residues ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain Efficiency ".
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in the above-described method is ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA present in the sample with respect to the total amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA. 2, 3) It can also be said that it is the ratio of sugar chain free PSA.
- examples of the method for obtaining the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA include the following methods.
- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is measured using an affinity substance and an ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard labeled with a detectable labeling substance.
- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA labeled with a detectable labeling substance is measured without using an affinity substance.
- the capture efficiency can be obtained by determining the ratio of the measurement result obtained using the affinity substance to the measurement result obtained without using the affinity substance.
- Specific examples of the method for obtaining the capture efficiency include the following methods. That is, an affinity substance is reacted with an ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard (with a known concentration). After the reaction, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA and affinity substance-complexed fraction are separated from unreacted fraction, and the amount of target sugar chain in each fraction is analyzed with a mass spectrometer To do.
- the capture efficiency can be obtained by calculating the amount of target sugar chain of the complexed fraction / (the amount of target sugar chain of the complexed fraction + the amount of target sugar chain of the unreacted fraction).
- Examples of the method for preparing the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard include the method described in Example 2 (1) described later. That is, for example, according to the method disclosed in 2. Materials and methods (2.7 Forced expression of FLAG-tag-fused S2,3PSA) of Non-Patent Document 6, r-free PSA (r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA And r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA). From the obtained r-free PSA, r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA and r ⁇ ⁇ (2, ⁇ 6) sugar chain-free PSA are separated and purified by a known method.
- r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain released by lectin column chromatography using a lectin with high affinity for sialyl ⁇ 2,3-galactose structure Separate from type PSA.
- gel filtration is performed to purify r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA, respectively.
- the obtained purified r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA can be used as the “ ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard”.
- the obtained purified r ⁇ ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA can be used as an “ ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA standard” as necessary.
- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount using a certain affinity substance or ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount and free PSA amount other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA is 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, still more preferably 98% or more, particularly preferably 100%. Once it is confirmed, it is not necessary to confirm the capture efficiency again when measuring the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA using the affinity substance.
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in the method for measuring ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA according to the method 1) above is 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, more preferably 98% or more, and particularly preferably 100%.
- a (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA sugar chain terminal sialic acid residue is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain and affinity ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA content or free of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA content and ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA
- As a method to measure the amount of type PSA “The ⁇ - (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA sugar chain has a terminal sialic acid residue ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA is preferably 80% or more.
- a (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA sugar chain terminal sialic acid residue is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain
- “sugar chain of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA” The ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the affinities of the affinity substance to the sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain
- a method for producing a complex with an affinity substance The specific method varies depending on the subsequent measurement method of the complex. What is necessary is just to select and implement the optimal method suitably for every measuring method of this composite_body
- “ ⁇ (2,) 3) sugar chain-free PSA sugar chain terminal sialic acid residue is ⁇ (2, 3) to the second galactose residue from the sugar chain end.
- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the affinity substance is formed by the interaction between the bound sugar chain and the affinity substance, components other than the complex are removed from the system.
- the amount of the complex was measured, and ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount or ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount and ⁇ (2, 3) sugar based on the result And a method of measuring the amount of free PSA other than the chain free PSA ”.
- Method for measuring the amount of the complex without removing components other than the complex (complex of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA and affinity substance) from the system is a so-called B
- B This means a method for measuring the amount of complex of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and affinity substance by a homogeneous method without / F separation.
- a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain A complex of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA and the affinity substance by the interaction between the affinity substance and the affinity substance, and without removing components other than the complex from the system (the The amount of the complex is measured (without performing a washing operation usually performed to remove components other than the complex from the measurement system), and the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount or A method of measuring the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the amount of free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is preferable.
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA is preferably 80% or more.
- the amount of affinity substance used is determined in consideration of the binding constant of the affinity substance to ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in the sample. It is done.
- the amount of the affinity substance used to satisfy the above conditions is preferably an excess amount (saturation amount) of the affinity substance relative to the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in the sample.
- ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA sugar chain terminal sialic acid residue is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the sugar chain end.
- ⁇ (2, 3) glycan free PSA amount or ⁇ (2, 3) glycan free PSA amount and ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) glycan release As a method for measuring only ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in “Method for measuring free PSA amount other than type PSA”, for example, a labeled affinity substance labeled with a detectable labeling substance To detect only the complex of labeled affinity substance and ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA without detecting free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA Can include a method of measuring only ⁇ (2,) 3) sugar chain free PSA.
- the following is a method for measuring only the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, and the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and free type other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA.
- a specific example of a method for measuring both PSA amounts will be described.
- the sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain is referred to as “target sugar chain” for convenience. There is a case.
- Method 1 A sample that has an affinity for a biological sample and a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain labeled with the labeling substance is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- Affinity to 1 antibody, 2nd antibody having affinity for PSA, and sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain A lectin (affinity substance) having contact, a labeled first antibody, an ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, a second antibody and the lectin complex (first complex), ⁇ (2, 3) forming a complex (second complex) of free PSA other than sugar chain free PSA and the second antibody; 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in 1) as necessary, 3) The amount of the first complex is measured by measuring the signal derived from the labeled substance of the labeled antibody constituting the complex, and the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free type is measured based on the measured value. A process to determine the amount of PSA.
- the second antibody used in the above method 1 may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- Method 2 1 It has affinity for a biological sample and a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain, and is labeled with a labeling substance.
- the first antibody (affinity substance) thus prepared is brought into contact with a second antibody having affinity for PSA, and a complex of the labeled first antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the second antibody ( Forming a complex of the second antibody with a free PSA other than the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the second antibody, 2)
- the amount of the first complex is measured by measuring the signal derived from the labeled substance of the labeled first antibody constituting the complex, and the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain is measured based on the measured value.
- the second antibody used in the above method 2 may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the first antibody for the target sugar chain, or based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. You may isolate
- Method 3 1) It has affinity for a biological sample and a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) bonded to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain and is labeled with a labeling substance.
- the first antibody (affinity substance), the second antibody having affinity for PSA, and the third antibody that specifically binds to free PSA are contacted, and the labeled first antibody and ⁇ (2, 3)
- a complex of a sugar chain free PSA, a second antibody and a third antibody (first complex), and a complex of a free PSA other than an ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, a second antibody and a third antibody Forming a body (second complex); 2)
- the amount of the first complex is measured by measuring the signal derived from the labeled substance of the labeled first antibody constituting the complex, and the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain is measured based on the measured value.
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the first antibody for the target sugar chain, or based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. You may isolate
- the amount of free PSA may be determined by carrying out the above-described method for directly determining the amount of free PSA.
- the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is determined by a conventional method using the results obtained by measuring in the same manner using ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard with a known concentration in advance. What is necessary is just to calculate
- Method 4 1) A biological sample, an antibody having affinity for PSA and labeled with a labeling substance (labeled anti-PSA antibody), and the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain Is then contacted with a lectin (affinity substance) having an affinity for ⁇ (2, 3) -linked sugar chains, and a complex of the labeled anti-PSA antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the lectin ( Forming a complex (second complex) of the first complex) and a labeled anti-PSA antibody and a free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in the step 1) above, 3) A step of measuring the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex separated in the step 2) above by measuring a signal derived from the labeling substance of the labeled anti-PSA antibody constituting the complex.
- a lectin affinity substance
- the antibody relating to the antibody having affinity for PSA used in Method 4 and labeled with a labeling substance may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- Method 5 1) a biological sample, a first antibody having affinity for PSA and labeled with a labeling substance, a second antibody having affinity for PSA, and the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is the terminal of the sugar chain
- the first antibody and ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA are contacted with a lectin (affinity substance) having affinity for the sugar chain ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from A complex of the second antibody and the lectin (first complex), a labeled first antibody, a free PSA other than the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, and a second antibody complex (second complex) Body)
- Examples of combinations of the first antibody and the second antibody used in the method 5 include the following combinations. However, the epitopes of the first antibody and the second antibody are preferably different.
- the first antibody and the second antibody are antibodies having affinity for PSA.
- the first antibody is an antibody having affinity for PSA
- the second antibody is an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- the first antibody and the second antibody are antibodies that specifically bind to free PSA.
- the first antibody is an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA
- the second antibody is an antibody having affinity for PSA.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- Method 6 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA and labeled with a labeling substance, and a terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2 , 3) Affinity to the second antibody having affinity for the bound sugar chain and the sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain
- a labeled lectin (affinity substance), a labeled first antibody, an ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA, a second antibody, a complex of the lectin (first complex), and a labeled first antibody Forming a complex (second complex) of 1 antibody and a free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA; 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in the step 1) above, 3) A step of measuring the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex separated in the step 2) above by measuring a signal derived
- Examples of combinations of the first antibody and the second antibody used in the method 6 include the following combinations. However, the epitopes of the first antibody and the second antibody are preferably different.
- the first antibody is an antibody having affinity for PSA
- the second antibody is a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain. It is an antibody having affinity for.
- the first antibody is an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA
- the second antibody is the terminal sialic acid residue of sugar chain ⁇ (2, 3) binding to the second galactose residue from the end of sugar chain It is an antibody having affinity for the sugar chain.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- Method 7 (Method without using labeled antibody) 1) Affinity to biological samples, antibodies having affinity for PSA, and sugar chains in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain A lectin (affinity substance) having a contact with the antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the lectin complex (first complex), and the antibody and ⁇ (2, 3) Forming a complex (second complex) of free PSA other than sugar chain free PSA, 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in the step 1) above, 3) a step of measuring the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex separated in the step 2); 4) The sum of the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex obtained in the step 3) above is obtained, the amount of the first complex is ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free type, The step of making the sum of the amount of the complex and the amount of the second complex the
- the antibody having affinity for PSA used in Method 7 may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- the amount of PSA protein in each complex may be measured.
- the above-described anti-PSA antibody is used as a primary antibody, and the labeled antibody is labeled with a labeling substance that can be measured as a secondary antibody.
- a method of measuring the amount of PSA protein in each separated fraction by performing a known Western blotting method using
- Method 8 (Method without using labeled antibody) 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA, a second antibody that specifically binds to free PSA, and the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is the second galactose from the end of the sugar chain A lectin (affinity substance) having affinity for an ⁇ (2, 3) -linked sugar chain is contacted with a residue, and the first antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, the second antibody, Forming a complex of lectin (first complex), a complex of the first antibody and a free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the second antibody (second complex); 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in the step 1) above, 3) a step of measuring the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex separated in the step 2); 4) The sum of the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex obtained in the step 3) above is obtained,
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex.
- Good for example, electrophoresis
- the amount of PSA protein in each complex may be measured.
- the above-described anti-PSA antibody is used as a primary antibody, and the labeled antibody is labeled with a labeling substance that can be measured as a secondary antibody.
- a method of measuring the amount of PSA protein in each separated fraction by performing a known Western blotting method using
- Method 9 (Method without using labeled antibody) 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA, and a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) bonded to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain. A second antibody with affinity, and a lectin (affinity substance) having affinity for the sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain The first antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, second antibody and the lectin complex (first complex), the first antibody and ⁇ (2, 3) sugar.
- Forming a complex of free PSA other than chain free PSA (second complex), 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in the step 1) above, 3) a step of measuring the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex separated in the step 2); 4) The sum of the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex obtained in the step 3) above is obtained, the amount of the first complex is ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free type, The step of making the sum of the amount of the complex and the amount of the second complex the amount of free PSA.
- the first antibody used in the above method 9 may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- the amount of PSA protein in each complex may be measured.
- the above-described anti-PSA antibody is used as a primary antibody, and the labeled antibody is labeled with a labeling substance that can be measured as a secondary antibody.
- a method of measuring the amount of PSA protein in each separated fraction by performing a known Western blotting method using
- Method 10 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA and labeled with a labeling substance, and a terminal sialic acid residue of a sugar chain are added to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain by ⁇ (2, 3) A second antibody (affinity substance) having an affinity for the bound sugar chain is brought into contact with the labeled first antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the second antibody complex (first antibody).
- the first antibody used in the above method 10 may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the second antibody for the target sugar chain, or based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. You may isolate
- Method 11 1) a biological sample, a first antibody having affinity for PSA and labeled with a labeling substance, a second antibody having affinity for PSA, and the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is the terminal of the sugar chain
- the first antibody and the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain are released by contacting a third antibody (affinity substance) having affinity for the sugar chain ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from Type PSA, second antibody and third antibody complex (first complex), labeled first antibody and ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA other than complex PSA and second antibody ( Forming a second composite)
- Examples of combinations of the first antibody and the second antibody used in the method 11 include the following combinations. However, the epitopes of the first antibody and the second antibody are preferably different.
- the first antibody and the second antibody are antibodies having affinity for PSA.
- the first antibody is an antibody having affinity for PSA
- the second antibody is an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- the first antibody is an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA
- the second antibody is an antibody having affinity for PSA.
- the first antibody and the second antibody are antibodies that specifically bind to free PSA.
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the third antibody for the target sugar chain, or based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. You may isolate
- Method 12 (Method without using labeled antibody) 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA, and a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) bonded to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- the first antibody used in the above method 12 may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the second antibody for the target sugar chain, or based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. You may isolate
- the amount of PSA protein in each complex may be measured.
- the above-described anti-PSA antibody is used as a primary antibody, and the labeled antibody is labeled with a labeling substance that can be measured as a secondary antibody.
- a method of measuring the amount of PSA protein in each separated fraction by performing a known Western blotting method using
- Method 13 (Method without using labeled antibody) 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA, a second antibody that specifically binds to free PSA, and the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is the second galactose from the end of the sugar chain First antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, second antibody, and third antibody are contacted with a third antibody having affinity for ⁇ (2, 3) linked sugar chain to the residue.
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the third antibody for the target sugar chain, or based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. You may isolate
- the amount of PSA protein in each complex may be measured.
- the above-described anti-PSA antibody is used as a primary antibody, and the labeled antibody is labeled with a labeling substance that can be measured as a secondary antibody.
- a method of measuring the amount of PSA protein in each separated fraction by performing a known Western blotting method using
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA is preferably 80% or more.
- An example is a method using a mass spectrometer.
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in the method is “the target sugar chain among the free PSA proteins having various sugar chain-modified isomers mixed in the sample” Captures and detects (measures) free PS with a sugar chain ( ⁇ 2,3 type sialyl sugar chain) in which the terminal sialic acid residue is ⁇ (2,3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain ) "Efficiency to do”.
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) glycan free PSA in the method refers to ⁇ (2, 3) glycan free PSA present in the sample, which is finally detectable ⁇ ( 2, 3) It can also be said that it is the ratio of sugar chain free PSA.
- one or more reference solutions prepared in advance using ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard and having a known ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to free PSA Then, the amount of ⁇ (2,) 3) sugar chain free PSA is measured by the method described above. Next, the amount of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA is measured using the test sample in the same manner as described above. Then, by comparing the measurement results obtained using the reference solution with the measurement results obtained using the test sample, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA with respect to the free PSA amount of the test sample. The ratio of can be determined.
- a reference solution whose numerical value is such that the ratio of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount is used as an index for subsequent Pca determination is used.
- a reference solution having a ratio of 25%, 45%, or 50% may be used.
- Examples of the method for preparing the reference solution include the following methods.
- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard and ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA standard are each dissolved in an appropriate buffer and adjusted so that the protein mass of each solution is the same. To do.
- a standard solution is obtained by diluting the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA standard solution with the ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain-free PSA standard solution and adjusting to the desired ratio. be able to.
- Method-2 for measuring the ratio for example, (I) “The amount of free PSA in a biological sample is measured, and the terminal sialic acid residue of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain. After the ⁇ (2, 3) -linked sugar chain and the affinity substance (lectin or antibody) interact to form a complex of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the affinity substance, By measuring the amount of the complex and measuring the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA based on the result, the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is measured and obtained.
- the amount of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA or the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is preferably 80% or more.
- the capture efficiency of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA according to the present invention is 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, still more preferably 98% or more, and particularly preferably 100%. It is.
- the method (i) or (ii) is preferable.
- ⁇ (2, 3) After the ⁇ (2, 3) -linked sugar chain and the affinity substance (lectin or antibody) interact with each other to form a complex of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the affinity substance , By measuring the amount of the complex without removing components other than the complex from the system, and measuring the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA based on the result, ⁇ ( 2, 3) A method of measuring the amount of sugar chain free PSA and determining the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the obtained free PSA.
- the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the amount of free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA were measured.
- a method for determining the ratio of the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the total amount of free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA. Is more preferable.
- the above method which uses a lectin as an affinity substance, is more preferable.
- Free glycan free PSA and free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) glycan free PSA were measured, and the obtained ⁇ (2, 3) glycan free PSA and ⁇ (2, 3 ) ⁇ (2, 3) glycan relative to the total amount of free PSA other than glycan free PSA Method for determining the proportion of the release amount of PSA. " Is particularly preferred.
- the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount and the amount of free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA are measured.
- the trapping efficiency of the type PSA is preferably 80% or more.
- the ratio of the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA when determining the ratio of the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA, the amount of free PSA, the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, ⁇ (2, 3) It is not necessary to measure the absolute amount of free PSA amount (PSA protein amount) other than sugar chain free PSA.
- the ratio can also be obtained by using the actual measurement values (signal values such as fluorescence intensity and absorbance, peak area).
- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA are separated, the peak area of each separated fraction is obtained, and ⁇ (2, 3 ) Peak area of sugar chain free PSA fraction / (Peak area of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA fraction + Peak area of free PSA fraction other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA) ) May be the ratio of the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA.
- Fluorescence of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA fraction / (Fluorescence of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA fraction + Free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA can also be the ratio of the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA.
- the amount of free PSA and the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in a biological sample are measured, and the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain relative to the obtained free PSA amount.
- An example of a specific embodiment of “method for determining the ratio of the amount of free PSA” is described below.
- the sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain is referred to as “target sugar chain” for convenience. May be described.
- “having affinity” means, for example, “binding”.
- “separating based on affinity” means, for example, “separating objects to be separated based on the difference in binding strength”.
- “separating the first complex and the second complex based on the affinity for the lectin” means, for example, “the first complex and the second complex are separated from each other by the first complex. "Separation is based on the difference between the strength of binding of the complex to the lectin and the strength of binding of the second complex to the lectin”.
- Method A 1) A biological sample, an antibody having affinity for PSA and labeled with a labeling substance (labeled anti-PSA antibody), and the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain Is then contacted with a lectin (affinity substance) having an affinity for ⁇ (2, 3) -linked sugar chains, and a complex of the labeled anti-PSA antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the lectin ( Forming a complex (second complex) of the first complex) and a labeled anti-PSA antibody and a free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in the step 1) above, 3) A step of measuring the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex separated in the step 2) above by measuring a signal derived from the labeling substance of the labeled anti-PSA antibody constituting the complex.
- a lectin affinity substance
- step 4) Obtain the sum of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) and the amount of the second complex, and calculate the ratio of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) to the sum.
- the antibody relating to the antibody having affinity for PSA used in Method A and labeled with a labeling substance may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- Method B 1) a biological sample, a first antibody having affinity for PSA and labeled with a labeling substance, a second antibody having affinity for PSA, and the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is the terminal of the sugar chain
- the first antibody and ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA are contacted with a lectin (affinity substance) having affinity for the sugar chain ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from A complex of the second antibody and the lectin (first complex), a labeled first antibody, a free PSA other than the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, and a second antibody complex (second complex) Body)
- step 4) Obtain the sum of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) and the amount of the second complex, and calculate the ratio of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) to the sum.
- the combination of the first antibody and the second antibody used in the method B include, for example, the following combinations.
- the epitopes of the first antibody and the second antibody are preferably different.
- the first antibody and the second antibody are antibodies having affinity for PSA.
- the first antibody is an antibody having affinity for PSA
- the second antibody is an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- the first antibody and the second antibody are antibodies that specifically bind to free PSA.
- the first antibody is an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA
- the second antibody is an antibody having affinity for PSA.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- Method C 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA and labeled with a labeling substance, and a terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2 , 3) Affinity to the second antibody having affinity for the bound sugar chain and the sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain
- a labeled lectin (affinity substance), a labeled first antibody, an ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA, a second antibody, a complex of the lectin (first complex), and a labeled first antibody Forming a complex (second complex) of 1 antibody and a free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA; 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in the step 1) above, 3) A step of measuring the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex separated in the step 2) above by measuring a signal derived
- step 4) Obtain the sum of the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex obtained in step 3) above, and calculate the ratio of the amount of the first complex obtained in step 4) to the sum.
- the combination of the first antibody and the second antibody used in the method C include, for example, the following combinations.
- the epitopes of the first antibody and the second antibody are preferably different.
- the first antibody is an antibody having affinity for PSA
- the second antibody is a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain. It is an antibody having affinity for.
- the first antibody is a labeled antibody that specifically binds to free PSA
- the second antibody has ⁇ (2, 3) as the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain at the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain. It is an antibody having affinity for the bound sugar chain.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex.
- Method D 1) A sample that has an affinity for a biological sample and a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain labeled with the labeling substance is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- Affinity to 1 antibody, 2nd antibody having affinity for PSA, and sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain A lectin (affinity substance) having contact, a labeled first antibody, an ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, a second antibody and the lectin complex (first complex), ⁇ (2, 3) forming a complex (second complex) of free PSA other than sugar chain free PSA and the second antibody; 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in 1) as necessary, 3) The amount of the first complex is measured by measuring the signal derived from the labeled substance of the labeled antibody constituting the complex, and the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free type is measured based on the measured value.
- the process of determining the amount of PSA 4) A step of determining the ratio of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount obtained in 3) above to the free PSA amount in
- the second antibody used in the above method D may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- the amount of free PSA may be determined by carrying out the above method for directly determining the amount of free PSA.
- the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is determined by a conventional method using the results obtained by measuring in the same manner using ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard with a known concentration in advance. What is necessary is just to calculate
- Method E (Method without using labeled antibody) 1) Affinity to biological samples, antibodies having affinity for PSA, and sugar chains in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain A lectin (affinity substance) having a contact with the antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the lectin complex (first complex), and the antibody and ⁇ (2, 3) Forming a complex (second complex) of free PSA other than sugar chain free PSA, 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in the step 1) above, 3) a step of measuring the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex separated in the step 2); 4) Obtain the sum of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) and the amount of the second complex, and calculate the ratio of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) to the sum. A step of determining the ratio of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free
- the antibody having affinity for PSA used in the above method E may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- the amount of PSA protein in each complex may be measured.
- the above-described anti-PSA antibody is used as a primary antibody, and the labeled antibody is labeled with a labeling substance that can be measured as a secondary antibody.
- a method of measuring the amount of PSA protein in each separated fraction by performing a known Western blotting method using
- Method F (Method without using labeled antibody) 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA, a second antibody that specifically binds to free PSA, and the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is the second galactose from the end of the sugar chain A lectin (affinity substance) having affinity for an ⁇ (2, 3) -linked sugar chain is contacted with a residue, and the first antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, the second antibody, Forming a complex of lectin (first complex), a complex of the first antibody and a free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the second antibody (second complex); 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in the step 1) above, 3) a step of measuring the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex separated in the step 2); 4) Obtain the sum of the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex obtained in step 3) above, and
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- the amount of PSA protein in each complex may be measured.
- the above-described anti-PSA antibody is used as a primary antibody, and the labeled antibody is labeled with a labeling substance that can be measured as a secondary antibody.
- a method of measuring the amount of PSA protein in each separated fraction by performing a known Western blotting method using
- Method G (Method without using labeled antibody) 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA, and a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) bonded to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain. A second antibody with affinity, and a lectin (affinity substance) having affinity for the sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain The first antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, second antibody and the lectin complex (first complex), the first antibody and ⁇ (2, 3) sugar.
- Forming a complex of free PSA other than chain free PSA (second complex), 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in the step 1) above, 3) a step of measuring the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex separated in the step 2); 4) Obtain the sum of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) and the amount of the second complex, and calculate the ratio of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) to the sum.
- the first antibody used in the above method G may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the lectin for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the mass difference between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- the amount of PSA protein in each complex may be measured.
- the above-described anti-PSA antibody is used as a primary antibody, and the labeled antibody is labeled with a labeling substance that can be measured as a secondary antibody.
- a method of measuring the amount of PSA protein in each separated fraction by performing a known Western blotting method using
- Method H 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA and labeled with a labeling substance, and a terminal sialic acid residue of a sugar chain are added to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain by ⁇ (2, 3) A second antibody (affinity substance) having an affinity for the bound sugar chain is brought into contact with the labeled first antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the second antibody complex (first antibody).
- the first antibody used in the above method H may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the second antibody for the target sugar chain, or based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. You may isolate
- Method I 1) It has affinity for a biological sample and a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain, and is labeled with a labeling substance.
- the first antibody (affinity substance) thus prepared is brought into contact with a second antibody having affinity for PSA, and a complex of the labeled first antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the second antibody ( Forming a complex of the second antibody with a free PSA other than the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the second antibody, 2)
- the amount of the first complex is measured by measuring the signal derived from the labeled substance of the labeled first antibody constituting the complex, and the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain is measured based on the measured value.
- a step of determining the amount of free PSA, 4) A step of determining the ratio of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount obtained in 3) above to the free PSA amount in the biological sample obtained in advance.
- the second antibody used in the above method I may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the first antibody for the target sugar chain, or based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. You may isolate
- the amount of free PSA may be determined by carrying out the method for directly determining the amount of free PSA.
- the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is determined by a conventional method using the results obtained by measuring in the same manner using ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard with a known concentration in advance. What is necessary is just to calculate
- Method J 1) a biological sample, a first antibody having affinity for PSA and labeled with a labeling substance, a second antibody having affinity for PSA, and the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is the terminal of the sugar chain
- the first antibody and the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain are released by contacting a third antibody (affinity substance) having affinity for the sugar chain ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from Type PSA, second antibody and third antibody complex (first complex), labeled first antibody and ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA other than complex PSA and second antibody ( Forming a second composite)
- step 4) Obtain the sum of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) and the amount of the second complex, and calculate the ratio of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) to the sum.
- the combination of the first antibody and the second antibody used in the method J include the following combinations.
- the epitopes of the first antibody and the second antibody are preferably different.
- the first antibody and the second antibody are antibodies having affinity for PSA.
- the first antibody is an antibody having affinity for PSA
- the second antibody is an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- the first antibody is an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA
- the second antibody is an antibody having affinity for PSA.
- the first antibody and the second antibody are antibodies that specifically bind to free PSA.
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the third antibody for the target sugar chain, or based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. You may isolate
- Method K 1 It has affinity for a biological sample and a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) bonded to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain and is labeled with a labeling substance.
- the first antibody (affinity substance), the second antibody having affinity for PSA, and the third antibody that specifically binds to free PSA are contacted, and the labeled first antibody and ⁇ (2, 3) A complex of a sugar chain free PSA, a second antibody and a third antibody (first complex), and a complex of a free PSA other than an ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, a second antibody and a third antibody Forming a body (second complex); 2) The process of isolate
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the first antibody for the target sugar chain, or based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. You may isolate
- the amount of free PSA may be determined by carrying out the method for directly determining the amount of free PSA.
- the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is determined by a conventional method using the results obtained by measuring in the same manner using ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard with a known concentration in advance. What is necessary is just to calculate
- Method L (Method without using labeled antibody) 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA, and a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) bonded to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- Forming a complex of free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA (second complex) 2) A step of separating the first complex and the second complex obtained in the step 1) above, 3) a step of measuring the amount of the first complex and the amount of the second complex separated in the step 2); 4) Obtain the sum of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) and the amount of the second complex, and calculate the ratio of the amount of the first complex obtained in the step 3) to the sum.
- a step of determining the ratio of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount by obtaining.
- the first antibody used in the above method L may be an antibody that specifically binds to free PSA.
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the second antibody for the target sugar chain, or based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. You may isolate
- the amount of PSA protein in each complex may be measured.
- the above-described anti-PSA antibody is used as a primary antibody, and the labeled antibody is labeled with a labeling substance that can be measured as a secondary antibody.
- a method of measuring the amount of PSA protein in each separated fraction by performing a known Western blotting method using
- Method M (Method without using labeled antibody) 1) A sample derived from a living body, a first antibody having affinity for PSA, a second antibody that specifically binds to free PSA, and the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is the second galactose from the end of the sugar chain First antibody, ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, second antibody, and third antibody are contacted with a third antibody having affinity for ⁇ (2, 3) linked sugar chain to the residue.
- the first complex and the second complex may be separated based on the affinity of the third antibody for the target sugar chain, or may be separated based on the difference in mass between the first complex and the second complex. (For example, electrophoresis etc.).
- the amount of PSA protein in each complex may be measured.
- the above-described anti-PSA antibody is used as a primary antibody, and the labeled antibody is labeled with a labeling substance that can be measured as a secondary antibody.
- a method of measuring the amount of PSA protein in each separated fraction by performing a known Western blotting method using
- ⁇ (2, (3) sugar chain-free PSA sugar chain terminal sialic acid residue is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the sugar chain end.
- the method of measuring the amount of the complex and measuring the amount of ⁇ (2,) 3) sugar chain free PSA based on the result is to remove components other than the complex from the measurement system. In order to achieve this, there is a method of measuring the amount of the complex without carrying out a usual washing operation.
- the methods A, B, E, F, and H to M are preferable.
- the methods B and I are more preferable.
- the methods E, F, L, and M are more preferable.
- the methods B and I are particularly preferred.
- the “ ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA sugar chain terminal sialic acid residue is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain and the affinity to the sugar chain” -After the complex of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the affinity substance is formed by interaction with the substance, the amount of the complex is measured, and ⁇ (2,2 Specific examples of ⁇ 3) Method for measuring sugar chain free PSA amount or ⁇ (2, ⁇ ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA amount and free PSA amount other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA '' Examples thereof include ELISA and RIA.
- the “ ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA sugar chain terminal sialic acid residue is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain and the affinity to the sugar chain” according to the present invention -After generating a complex of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the affinity substance by interaction with the substance, components other than the complex are removed from the system without removing the complex.
- Specific examples of the method of measuring the amount and measuring the amount of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA based on the result include, for example, capillary electrophoresis, surface plasmon resonance, mass spectrometry, lectin microarray, etc. ) And the like.
- the sugars of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA sugar chain are ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- the complex of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and the affinity substance is formed using the interaction between the chain and the affinity substance, components other than the complex are removed from the system.
- Measure the amount of the complex measure the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA based on the result, and release ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain relative to the obtained free PSA amount.
- Example of “Method for Determining Ratio of Type PSA Amount” will be described.
- the method for confirming the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is as described above.
- an affinity substance when used, it may be performed as follows.
- the affinity substance is reacted with ⁇ (2,) 3) sugar chain free PSA standard by the following method.
- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA and affinity substance-complexed fraction are separated from unreacted fraction, and the amount of target sugar chain in each fraction is analyzed with a mass spectrometer To do.
- the capture efficiency can be obtained by calculating the amount of target sugar chain of the complexed fraction / (the amount of target sugar chain of the complexed fraction + the amount of target sugar chain of the unreacted fraction).
- Capillary electrophoresis As a method for determining the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA by capillary electrophoresis and determining the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA, for example, A biological sample containing PSA is contacted and reacted with a labeled anti-PSA antibody obtained by labeling the anti-PSA antibody according to the present invention (preferably an anti-free PSA antibody) with a labeling substance, and [ A labeled anti-PSA antibody- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA] complex and a [labeled anti-PSA antibody-free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA] complex are used as an affinity substance.
- a labeled anti-PSA antibody obtained by labeling the anti-PSA antibody according to the present invention (preferably an anti-free PSA antibody) with a labeling substance
- the amount of the labeling substance derived from the complex 1 and the amount of the labeling substance derived from the complex 2 correspond to the respective peak area values obtained by capillary electrophoresis. You can ask for.
- anti-PSA antibody and the labeling substance of the labeled anti-PSA antibody used in the above method are as described above.
- Examples of the solvent for reacting a biological sample with a labeled anti-PSA antibody include a buffer solution.
- the buffer solution used for this purpose is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used in this field, but usually has a pH value of 5.0 to 10.0, and preferably has a buffering action near neutrality of pH value of 6.5 to 8.5.
- Specific examples include Tris-HCl buffer, MES buffer, HEPES buffer, borate buffer, phosphate buffer, veronal buffer, Good buffer, and the like.
- the buffering agent concentration of these buffers is appropriately selected from the range of usually 5 to 1000 ⁇ mM, preferably 5 to 300 ⁇ mM.
- the buffer further includes a sensitizer, a surfactant, an antiseptic (eg, sodium azide, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, etc.), a stabilizer (eg, albumin, globulin, water-soluble gelatin, surfactant, saccharide, etc.).
- an antiseptic eg, sodium azide, salicylic acid, benzoic acid, etc.
- a stabilizer eg, albumin, globulin, water-soluble gelatin, surfactant, saccharide, etc.
- Activators and other substances used in this field which may inhibit stability with coexisting reagents or do not inhibit antigen-antibody reaction.
- concentration range of these reagents and the like may be appropriately selected from the concentration ranges usually used in the measurement method known per se.
- a buffer solution attached to the kit may be used.
- the concentration of the antibody in the solution containing the labeled anti-PSA antibody may be a concentration that falls within the target concentration range when the sample and the solution containing the labeled anti-PSA antibody are mixed.
- it may be 0.1 to 200 ⁇ M, preferably 0.5 to 50 ⁇ M, more preferably 0.5 to 20 ⁇ M, and still more preferably 0.5 to 10 ⁇ M. That is, the lower limit is 0.1 ⁇ M, preferably 0.5 ⁇ M.
- the upper limit is 200 ⁇ M, preferably 50 ⁇ M, more preferably 20 ⁇ M, and still more preferably 10 ⁇ M.
- the concentration in the reaction solution of the labeled anti-PSA antibody according to the present invention when contacting and reacting the biologically-derived sample with the labeled anti-PSA antibody according to the present invention varies depending on the concentration of PSA in the sample and is not particularly limited. 0.1 to 1000 nM, preferably 0.1 to 500 nM, more preferably 0.5 to 200 nM. That is, the lower limit is 0.1 nM, preferably 0.5 nM. The upper limit is 1000 nM, preferably 500 nM, more preferably 200 nM.
- the pH at the time of reaction between the biological sample and the labeled anti-PSA antibody according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it does not suppress the antigen-antibody reaction, and is usually in the range of 6.0 to 10.0, preferably 6.0 to 8.0.
- the temperature during the reaction is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the antigen-antibody reaction, and it is usually in the range of 10 to 50 ° C., preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- the reaction time varies depending on the antibody according to the present invention used and the reaction conditions such as pH and temperature. Therefore, the reaction time may be 1 to 60 minutes, preferably about 1 to 15 minutes depending on each.
- capillary electrophoresis it is preferable to carry out electrophoresis performed by a capillary chip.
- (Micro) chip capillary electrophoresis is a technique in which a capillary having a cross-sectional diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less is formed on a chip substrate, and electrophoresis is performed in this capillary, and it exists in a sample by applying a voltage in the capillary. In this method, a difference in charge of a substance is separated as a difference in mobility.
- Capillary electrophoresis is classified into capillary zone electrophoresis and capillary gel electrophoresis depending on the electrophoresis solution used, but the method of the present invention can be applied to any of them. Considering the accuracy of separation, capillary gel electrophoresis is preferable among the above.
- the electrophoresis solution used in capillary electrophoresis according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used in this field.
- the pH is 5 to 10, preferably 6 to 8.
- a buffer solution may be mentioned.
- Specific examples of the buffer include Tris-HCl buffer, HEPES buffer, lactate buffer, citrate buffer, acetate buffer, succinate buffer, glycine buffer, phthalate buffer, and phosphate buffer. Solution, triethanolamine buffer solution, borate buffer solution, glycine buffer solution, barbiturate buffer solution, tartaric acid buffer solution, borate buffer solution and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- the buffering agent concentration in these buffers is appropriately selected from the range of usually 10 to 500 ⁇ mM, preferably 10 to 300 ⁇ mM.
- the electrophoresis solution may contain substances for reducing the influence of electroosmotic flow, such as polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, fluorine-containing aromatic hydrocarbons, saccharides, etc. What is necessary is just to set in the range used in a field
- this buffer solution contains, for example, salts such as NaCl, surfactants, preservatives, proteins such as BSA, etc., so long as they do not interfere with the antigen-antibody reaction and the interaction between the sugar chain and the affinity substance. It may be.
- polyethers such as polyethylene oxide (polyethylene glycol) and polypropylene oxide
- polyalkyleneimines such as polyethyleneimine
- polyacrylic acid polyacrylic acid ester
- polymethyl acrylate polymethyl acrylate
- Polyacrylic acid polymers for example, polyamide polymers such as polyacrylamide and polymethacrylamide, for example, polymethacrylic acid polymers such as polymethacrylic acid, polymethacrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, such as polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl oxazolidone Polyvinyl polymers such as pullulan, erucinane, xanthan, dextran, guar gum and the like water soluble hydroxyl polymers such as methyl Buffers for use in water-soluble cellulose compounds such as cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, derivatives thereof, and polymers such as copolymers containing a plurality of monomer units constituting these polymers as electrophoresis solutions for capillary electrophoresis And the like added to.
- polyamide polymers such as polyacrylamide and polymethacrylamide
- polymethacrylic acid polymers such as polymethacrylic
- the above polymers may be added in combination of two or more.
- the molecular weight of the polymer as described above is usually 500 Da to 6000 kDa, preferably 1 to 1000 kDa, more preferably 100 to 1000 kDa.
- the concentration of the polymer may be appropriately selected from the range usually used in this field, and is usually 0.01 to 40% (w / v), preferably 0.01 to 20% (w / v), more preferably 0.1 to 10% (w / v).
- the viscosity of the electrophoresis buffer when the filler is added to the electrophoresis buffer is usually 2 to 1000 centipoise, preferably 5 to 200 centipoise, and more preferably 10 to 100 centipoise.
- the affinity substance may be contained in the electrophoresis solution. However, during the separation by capillary electrophoresis, it is desirable that the affinity substance has a higher concentration than the amount capable of completely binding the ⁇ (2,) 3) sugar chain free PSA and the affinity substance.
- the affinity substance when it is lectin, it is 0.1 mg / mL to 20 mg / mL, preferably 1.0 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL, more preferably 2.0 mg / mL to 5.0 mg / mL.
- the affinity substance is an antibody, it is 0.01 mg / mL to 20 mg / mL, preferably 0.05 mg / mL to 10 mg / mL, more preferably 0.1 mg / mL to 5.0 mg / mL.
- the concentration of MAA in the micro flow path may be 0.1 mg / mL to 20 mg / mL.
- any antibody used in the measurement system is labeled with a charged carrier molecule such as an anionic substance. It is preferable. Specifically, for example, it is preferably labeled with a nucleic acid chain. In this case, the antibody may be labeled with both the charge carrier molecule and the labeling substance for detection described above.
- the nucleic acid chain used for such a purpose has a nucleotide residue consisting of a purine base or pyrimidine base, a pentose which is a sugar moiety, and a phosphate as a basic unit, and the phosphate has a 3 ′ sugar between each nucleotide. It is a chain polynucleotide that is polymerized by being linked by a diester bond between 5′-position carbons, and examples thereof include RNA whose sugar moiety is ribose and / or DNA whose sugar moiety is deoxyribose.
- the nucleic acid strand may be a single strand or a double strand or a plurality of nucleic acid strands.
- the length of the nucleic acid chain used is not particularly limited as long as the object of the present invention can be achieved, and is usually 1 bp to 1000 kbp, preferably 5 bp to 100 kbp, more preferably 10 bp to 50 kbp, and further preferably 50 bp to 2500 bp. is there.
- Examples of the method for binding the nucleic acid chain and the antibody according to the present invention include known methods disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Nos. 42147779 and 48602093.
- the functional group of each of the antibody and the nucleic acid chain is directly or linker [for example, sulfosuccinimidyl 4- (p-maleimidophenyl) butyrate (Sulfo-SMPB), sulfosuccinimidyl 4- (N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane- 1-carboxylate (Sulfo-SMCC), N- ( ⁇ -maleimidocaproyloxy) succinimide (EMCS), etc.] may be used.
- linker for example, sulfosuccinimidyl 4- (p-maleimidophenyl) butyrate (Sulfo-SMPB), sulfosuccinimidyl 4- (N-maleimidomethyl) cyclohexane- 1-carboxylate (Sulfo-SMCC), N- ( ⁇ -maleimidocaproyloxy) succinimide (EMCS), etc.
- the antibody according to the present invention and the reactive functional group-introduced nucleic acid chain may be combined by the method described in Japanese Patent No. 42147779.
- a method for introducing a reactive functional group into a nucleic acid chain a method known per se can be mentioned.
- PCR is performed using a PCR primer having a reactive functional group introduced at the 5 ′ end, and a nucleic acid having a reactive functional group introduced at the 5 ′ end as a PCR product.
- Reactive functional groups may be introduced at the ends of nucleic acids by methods such as molecular cloning, molecular cloning, laboratory manuals, second editions, J. Sambrook, E. F. Frisch, T. Maniatis, cold springs, harbors, laboratory presses, etc. it can.
- Samples to be subjected to capillary electrophoresis, solutions for dissolving antibodies, etc. include, for example, Tris buffer, BisTris buffer, Good buffer, HEPES buffer, glycine buffer, borate buffer, phosphate buffer, veronal Examples include a buffer solution and a MOPS buffer solution. Further, the concentration of the buffer in these buffers is appropriately selected from the range of usually 10 to 500 ⁇ mM, preferably 10 to 300 ⁇ mM.
- the pH is not particularly limited as long as it does not interfere with the antigen-antibody reaction and the reaction between the sugar chain and the affinity substance, but it is usually preferably in the range of 5-9.
- the solution may contain, for example, sugars, salts such as NaCl, surfactants, preservatives, proteins, etc., as long as they do not interfere with the antigen-antibody reaction and the reaction between the sugar chain and the affinity substance. .
- a method for introducing a sample (a solution containing a [labeled anti-PSA antibody-free PSA] complex) in capillary electrophoresis according to the present invention may be any method usually used in this field, and is not particularly limited. Examples thereof include a suction method, a pressurizing method, and an electrical introduction method, and among them, the pressurizing method is preferable.
- the amount of sample introduced varies depending on conditions such as the inner diameter and length of the capillary, the type of detector and the sensitivity.
- the sample may be concentrated by known isotachophoresis (ITP), and then the concentrate may be directly introduced into capillary electrophoresis (CE).
- ITP isotachophoresis
- CE capillary electrophoresis
- capillary electrophoresis may be in accordance with a method known per se.
- capillary electrophoresis it may be carried out according to the method described in J. Chromatogr. 593 253-258 (1992), Anal. Chem. 64 1926-1932 (1992), WO2007 / 027495 and the like.
- the voltage at the time of electrophoresis in electrophoresis according to the present invention varies depending on the electrophoresis solution, the apparatus used, and the like, it may be appropriately set from the range normally used in this field.
- capillary electrophoresis When capillary electrophoresis is performed with an automatic analyzer, capillary electrophoresis may be performed according to the method described in the instruction manual under the conditions described in the instruction manual attached to the apparatus.
- a labeled first antibody using MAA as an affinity substance and an anti-free PSA antibody labeled with a fluorescent substance as a labeled anti-PSA antibody is used.
- a second antibody labeled with anti-PSA antibody with DNA microchip capillary electrophoresis using lectin affinity is performed, and PSA is separated based on the degree of affinity of lectin for PSA sugar chain, The method of measuring with a fluorescence detector is shown below.
- a biological sample containing PSA is reacted with a test solution containing 0.001 to 10 ⁇ M, preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ M, of a fluorescently labeled anti-free PSA antibody.
- a sample derived from a living body used for capillary electrophoresis may be a sample collected from a living body, or a sample prepared by desalting a sample collected from a living body or performing various purification steps.
- the obtained reaction solution usually 2 to 50 ⁇ L of a test solution containing 0.001 to 10 ⁇ M, preferably 0.01 to 1 ⁇ M of a DNA-labeled anti-PSA antibody, a buffer for electrophoresis, and an internal standard substance (for example, fluorescent substance: HiLyte647 (AnaSpec) Etc.) is introduced into a capillary having an inner diameter of 5 to 500 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 100 ⁇ m and a length of 1 to 10 cm by a pressurization method at 1 to 10 psi for 30 to 60 seconds.
- the reaction is carried out at a temperature of 20 to 40 ° C. for 5 seconds to 30 minutes, preferably 10 seconds to 15 minutes.
- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA peak (including [fluorescent labeled anti-free PSA antibody]-[ ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA]-[DNA labeled anti-PSA antibody] complex ) And other free PSA peaks ([fluorescent labeled anti-free PSA antibody]-[free PSA other than ⁇ (2, (3) sugar chain free PSA)]-[DNA labeled anti-PSA antibody] Can be distinguished from the migration position. Therefore, the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in the sample is defined as the peak area. Further, the sum of the peak area of the obtained ⁇ (2,) 3) sugar chain free PSA and the peak area of free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is defined as the amount of free PSA.
- the amount of free PSA and the amount of ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA can be measured and determined at the same time in the same specimen.
- the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount is the ratio of the obtained peak area (peak area of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA / free PSA amount). It is obtained by seeking.
- Capillary electrophoresis may be performed using a commercially available fully automatic measuring device.
- Mutus Wako i30 manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. can be mentioned.
- PSA when PSA in a sample and a fluorescently labeled anti-free PSA antibody are reacted in a liquid phase, PSA binds to the fluorescently labeled anti-free PSA antibody, and [fluorescently labeled anti-free PSA antibody-free PSA]. To form a complex.
- a solution (sample A for electrophoresis) containing this [fluorescence-labeled anti-free PSA antibody-free PSA] complex is transferred to a predetermined well (immune reaction solution well) on a dedicated chip of a fully automatic fluorescence immunoassay device Mutus Wako® i30. Dispense into. Next, running buffer 2 (R2 well) (containing MAA), running buffer 3 (R3 well), running buffer 4 (R4 well), DNA labeled antibody solution (C1 well) and fluorescent solution (FD well) Dispense into predetermined wells on the dedicated chip.
- FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of a dedicated chip (microchip) is schematically shown in FIG. 1
- the waste well is used as a waste reservoir (drain well) when introducing R2, R3, R4, C1 and the sample A for electrophoresis into the analysis channel.
- the complex 1 and complex 2 and the free DNA-labeled anti-PSA antibody further move toward the anode due to the charge of the anion. Since the unreacted fluorescence-labeled anti-free PSA antibody is not bound to the DNA-labeled PSA antibody and is not charged, it does not move further in the anode direction.
- complex 1 interacts with MAA contained in the zone, but complex 2 does not interact with MAA.
- complex 1 migrates later than complex 2, the appearance position of the fluorescence peak derived from the fluorescently labeled anti-PSA antibody to be detected differs between complex 1 and complex 2. Therefore, the peak of the complex 1 and the peak of the complex 2 can be known from the position of the peak.
- the PSA amount of each peak can be obtained by determining the peak area of each peak.
- the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount is the ratio of the obtained peak area (peak area of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA / free PSA amount). It is obtained by seeking.
- examples of the method for obtaining the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA include the following methods, but are not limited thereto.
- complex 1 [fluorescent labeled anti-free PSA Antibody]-[ ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA]-[DNA-labeled anti-PSA antibody] is determined (measurement value 2).
- the ratio of measured value 1 to measured value 2 obtained (measured value 1 / measured value 2) is obtained, and the obtained ratio is defined as the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in this method.
- the surface plasmon resonance method analyzes the interaction between biomolecules using the optical phenomenon of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) that occurs when surface plasmons are excited at the metal / liquid interface. It is an intermolecular interaction analysis system.
- the surface plasmon resonance method uses a surface plasmon resonance spectrometer to detect a small amount of mass change that occurs on the sensor chip surface as a result of binding and dissociation between two molecules as an SPR signal. Since interactions between biomolecules are monitored in real time, kinetic information can be obtained that the binding / dissociation between biomolecules is fast / slow.
- Biacore As a typical analysis system of the surface plasmon resonance method, there is a Biacore TM method.
- the Biacore method is generally simply called Biacore.
- the term “Biacore” may refer to a Biacore device used in a Biacore analysis system.
- the measurement by the surface plasmon resonance method may be performed under the optimum conditions for the measurement according to the attached instruction manual.
- an anti-PSA antibody is immobilized on the surface of the sensor chip.
- the detection light is applied from the back side of the sensor chip so as to be totally reflected at the interface between the gold thin film and the glass of the sensor chip, a part of the reflected light has a reduced reflection intensity.
- the angle at which this dark portion of light appears depends on the refractive index of the solvent on the sensor chip surface.
- the mass of the molecule immobilized on the gold thin film surface increases and the refractive index of the solvent changes. To do. At this time, the position of the dark portion of the reflected light is shifted according to the change in mass. Conversely, when molecules dissociate, the dark part returns from the shifted position.
- the shifting angle represents a change in mass of the surface of the sensor chip. In the surface plasmon resonance method, the bond / dissociation between molecules is monitored from this angle change. Based on the obtained results, first, the amount of free PSA in a biological sample can be measured.
- a solution containing an affinity substance is caused to flow from the flow path of the surface plasmon resonance spectrometer to the surface of the sensor chip.
- the PSA of the “anti-PSA antibody PSA complex” formed on the gold thin film surface binds to the affinity substance flowing through the flow path, the refractive index of the solvent changes in the same way. Monitor. Based on the obtained results, the amount of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA in a biological sample can be measured.
- Examples of methods for measuring the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA in a biological sample by surface plasmon resonance include the following methods.
- one or more reference solutions prepared in advance using ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard and having a known ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to free PSA The measurement is performed by the surface plasmon resonance method, and each sensorgram is obtained. Next, measurement is performed in the same manner using the test sample, and a sensorgram is obtained. By comparing the sensorgram obtained using the reference solution with the sensorgram obtained using the test sample, the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA was compared with the free PSA content of the test sample. Determine the ratio.
- the reference solution to be used is such that the ratio of the ⁇ (2, (3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount serves as an index when subsequently determining Pca. For example, a reference solution having a ratio of 25%, 45%, or 50% may be used.
- Examples of the method for obtaining the capture efficiency of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount in the surface plasmon resonance method include the following methods, but are not limited thereto.
- the affinity substance is immobilized on the surface of the sensor chip.
- a sample containing an ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA standard with a known concentration is flowed from the flow path of the surface plasmon resonance spectrometer to the surface of the sensor chip.
- measurement by the surface plasmon resonance method is performed to obtain a sensorgram.
- the peak value of the sensorgram is determined (measurement value 1).
- a sample containing the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard at the same concentration as that used to obtain the measured value 1 was immobilized with the anti-PSA antibody from the channel of the surface plasmon resonance spectrometer. Flow over the surface of the sensor chip. During the above, measurement by the surface plasmon resonance method is performed to obtain a sensorgram. The peak value of the sensorgram is determined (measurement value 2).
- the anti-PSA antibody used for obtaining the measurement value 2 should have sufficient specificity and affinity with the antigen in consideration of the dissociation constant and the like. Must be selected.
- the ratio of measured value 1 to measured value 2 obtained (measured value 1 / measured value 2) is obtained, and the obtained ratio is defined as the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in this method.
- Microarray method The lectin microarray method developed by the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Glycomedical Engineering Research Center, etc. can also be used for the determination method of the present invention.
- a lectin array is an array in which lectins, which are proteins having a property of binding to several tens of sugar chains having different specificities, are arranged in a spot shape on a slide glass and immobilized.
- the evanescent field refers to a state in which weak light oozes from the substrate (slide glass) interface. After the fluorescently labeled glycoprotein interacts with the lectin microarray, the slide glass is irradiated with excitation light to generate an evanescent field.
- the excitation light reaches about 100 nm to 200 nm from the interface, and the sugar chain bound to the lectin also exists from 100 nm to 200 nm from the interface, so that only the sugar chain bound to the lectin array can emit light.
- the fluorescence of the lectin array can be detected without performing a washing operation. After allowing the glycoprotein to interact with the lectin microarray without fluorescent labeling, the antibody against the core protein of the glycoprotein may be reacted with the fluorescently labeled fluorescent antibody, and then fluorescence may be detected by the same method as described above.
- Measurement with a lectin microarray may be carried out according to the protocol described in, for example, MICROARRAY METHODS AND PROTOCOLS (CRC Press), edit by Robert S. Matson, “Chapter 9: Lectin Microarrays”, Masao Yamada, p.141, 2009.
- the amount of ⁇ (2, A3) sugar chain free PSA according to the present invention is measured, and the ratio of the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA is determined. For example, the following may be performed.
- the lectin which is an affinity substance according to the present invention, and the sugar chain of PSA other than the sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain
- a microarray on which a plurality of lectins having affinity are immobilized is prepared.
- the target microarray may be prepared according to the method described in, for example, Kuno A. et al., Nat Methods. 2005 Nov, vol. 2, No. 11, pp. 851-856.
- a commercially available microarray manufactured by LecChip TM Glyco Technica may be used.
- Pre-treated biological sample and fluorescent labeled anti-free PSA antibody are dropped onto the microarray and allowed to react as necessary.
- [Fluorescent labeled anti-free PSA antibody- ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA -Lectin] complex is dropped onto the microarray and allowed to react as necessary.
- fluorescence derived from the fluorescence-labeled anti-free PSA antibody is measured using an evanescent wave excitation fluorescence scanner.
- the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar in the sample is converted into a quantitative value based on the measured value. Obtain the amount of free PSA.
- the ratio of the amount of ⁇ (2,) 3) sugar chain free PSA measured by the microarray method to the amount of free PSA obtained separately is determined.
- the method for measuring the amount of free PSA is as described above in “(1) Method for measuring the amount of free PSA”.
- Examples of the method for obtaining the capture efficiency of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount in the lectin microarray method include the following methods, but are not limited thereto.
- the concentration of sialic acid residues at the terminal sialic acid residues of PSA is fixed on a lectin microarray on which a lectin having affinity for a sugar chain in which ⁇ (2, 3) is linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain is immobilized.
- a sample containing ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard is contacted and reacted with the solid phase.
- the unreacted fraction including the washed fraction
- the ⁇ (2, (3) sugar chain free PSA concentration remaining in the fraction is measured by a known PSA measurement method.
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in this method can be determined from the following equation. [Concentration of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard used for measurement-concentration of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in unreacted fraction (including washing fraction)] / Measurement Concentration of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard provided
- ELISA As a method for determining the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount by ELISA and determining the ratio of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount, for example, the following [Method 1] And [Method 2].
- [Method 1] An affinity substance is immobilized on a solid phase. A sample containing PSA is contacted and reacted with the solid phase. After washing the solid phase, a labeled anti-PSA antibody labeled with a labeling substance capable of detecting an anti-PSA antibody (which may be an anti-free PSA antibody) is brought into contact with and reacted with the solid phase.
- the amount of the labeled substance is measured by a measuring method corresponding to the labeled substance of the labeled anti-PSA antibody. Based on the obtained measurement results, a quantitative value was converted by a conventional method using the results obtained by measuring in advance using ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA standard with a known concentration, and ⁇ (2, 3) Obtain the amount of free sugar chain PSA. Separately, the amount of free PSA is determined by measuring the amount of free PSA in the sample. The ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the obtained free PSA amount is determined.
- examples of the method for obtaining the capture efficiency of the amount of ⁇ (2,) 3) sugar chain free PSA include the following methods, but are not limited thereto.
- a sample containing an ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard with a known concentration is brought into contact with and reacted with the solid phase to which the affinity substance is immobilized.
- the unreacted fraction including the washed fraction
- the ⁇ (2, (3) sugar chain free PSA concentration remaining in the fraction is measured by a known PSA measurement method.
- the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in this method can be determined from the following equation. [Concentration of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard used for measurement-concentration of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in unreacted fraction (including washing fraction)] / Measurement Concentration of supplied ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard [Method 2] An antibody that specifically binds to free PSA is immobilized on a solid phase. A sample containing PSA is contacted and reacted with the solid phase. After washing the solid phase, a labeled affinity substance labeled with a labeling substance capable of detecting the affinity substance is brought into contact with and reacted with the solid phase.
- the labeled substance is measured by a method corresponding to the labeled substance of the labeled affinity substance. Based on the obtained measurement results, a quantitative value was converted by a conventional method using the results obtained by measuring in advance using ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA standard with a known concentration, and ⁇ (2, 3) Obtain the amount of free sugar chain PSA. Separately, the amount of free PSA is determined by measuring the amount of free PSA in the sample. The ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the obtained free PSA amount is determined.
- the structure of a sugar chain of a component in a sample can be analyzed using a mass spectrometer.
- the structure of the sugar chain of PSA in a sample is analyzed using a mass spectrometer, the amount of free PSA in the sample, the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA, and ⁇ ( 2, 3) The amount of free PSA other than sugar chain free PSA can be measured. Then, the ratio of the ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the obtained free PSA amount is determined.
- the amount of free PSA may be determined using a mass spectrometer.
- the total amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA obtained using a mass spectrometer and the amount of free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA can be used as the free PSA amount. Good.
- the ratio is higher than 40%, preferably higher than 43.2%, it is determined that the subject is Pca (Pca positive) or has a high probability.
- the ratio is higher than 47%, preferably higher than 50%, it is determined that the subject is Pca and its malignancy is high.
- “high malignancy of Pca” corresponds to a case classified as a so-called Gleason score of 4 + 3 or more.
- the determination method of the present invention is applied to a patient who is difficult to determine whether it is Pca from the serum PSA value in a conventional clinical test, for example, a patient whose total PSA value is more than zero to 50 ⁇ ng / mL. , More detailed Pca can be determined.
- the “value exceeding 0” indicates the total PSA value when the total PSA is measured. Therefore, if the total PSA value cannot be measured, it does not fall under “value exceeding zero”.
- one or more standard solutions prepared in advance using ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA standard and having a known ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to free PSA content Using this, the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is measured.
- a reference solution having a ratio of ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount of, for example, 25%, 40%, and 50% is used as the reference solution.
- the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is measured in the same manner as described above.
- the measurement result obtained using the reference sample is compared with the measurement result obtained using the test sample.
- the measurement result obtained using the test sample is the measurement result obtained using the 25% reference solution. If the value is lower than the measurement result obtained using a 40% reference solution, it is determined as Pca negative.
- the measurement result obtained using the test sample is higher than the measurement result obtained using the 40% reference solution, it is determined to be Pca or to have a high probability.
- the measurement result obtained using the test sample is higher than the measurement result obtained using the 40% reference solution but lower than the measurement result obtained using the 50% reference solution. For example, it is Pca or its probability is high, but it is determined that its malignancy is low. If the measurement result obtained using the test sample is higher than the measurement result obtained using the 50% reference solution, it is determined to be Pca and its malignancy is high.
- the biological sample according to the present invention includes, for example, blood, plasma, serum, semen, bladder wash, urine, tissue extract, prostate tissue section, prostate tissue biopsy sample, etc. And the like. Among them, serum, plasma and the like are preferable.
- the Pca determination kit according to the present invention includes an affinity substance as a constituent element.
- affinity substance and its constituent elements are as described in the description of the method for determining prostate cancer of the present invention. Moreover, a preferable embodiment such as the concentration of these reagents may be appropriately selected from a concentration range usually used in this field.
- the kit may further contain an anti-PSA antibody according to the present invention as a constituent requirement.
- the reagents included in these kits include reagents usually used in this field, such as buffers, reaction accelerators, sugars, proteins, salts, stabilizers such as surfactants, preservatives, and the like.
- reagents usually used in this field such as buffers, reaction accelerators, sugars, proteins, salts, stabilizers such as surfactants, preservatives, and the like.
- a reagent that does not inhibit the stability of the coexisting reagent or the like and does not inhibit the reaction between the ⁇ (2,) 3) sugar chain free PSA and the affinity substance may be contained.
- the concentration may be appropriately selected from the concentration range usually used in this field.
- kit of the present invention may contain instructions for use in the Pca determination method of the present invention.
- the “instructions” are the instruction manuals, package inserts, pamphlets (leaflets), etc. of the kits in which the features, principles, operation procedures, judgment procedures, etc. of the method are substantially described in text or diagrams. Means.
- Example 1 Measurement of PSA separation and determination of ratio (1) Preparation of sample and test solution 1) Preparation of DNA-labeled anti-PSA antibody A PSA antibody Fab ′ fragment to which DNA was bound was prepared according to the procedure shown in FIG.
- a 250 bp DNA fragment having an NH 2 group introduced at the 5 ′ end was purified by a conventional method (purified end aminated DNA), and then the NH 2 group introduced into this DNA fragment and sulfosuccinimidyl.
- 4- (p-maleimidophenyl) butyrate (Sulfo-SMPB) linker (linker having succinimide group and maleimide group, manufactured by Pierce) reacted with succinimide group by a conventional method, followed by gel filtration treatment, unreacted The linker was removed to obtain a 250 bp DNA fragment to which the linker was bound.
- Anti-PSA prepared according to a conventional method using the obtained linker-binding 250 bp DNA fragment and the anti-human PSA mouse monoclonal antibody PSA10 (Anti PSA monoclonal antibody clone No. PSA10, manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd. (own product)).
- the antibody PSA10 Fab ′ fragment was reacted.
- the obtained reaction product was purified using a DEAE column to prepare an anti-PSA antibody PSA10 Fab ′ fragment to which a 250 bp DNA fragment was bound (hereinafter abbreviated as “DNA-labeled anti-PSA antibody”).
- the anti-human PSA mouse monoclonal antibody (Anti-PSA monoclonal antibody-clone No. PSA10) used is an antibody having affinity for human PSA and binds to both bound PSA and free PSA. That is, the antibody binds to both ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and free PSA other than ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA.
- Anti PSA monoclonal antibody PSA12 that recognizes an epitope of PSA different from PSA10 and specifically binds only to free PSA was processed by a conventional method to obtain an anti-PSA antibody PSA12 Fab ′ fragment.
- HiLyte647 manufactured by AnaSpec
- HiLyte647-labeled anti-free PSA antibody PSA12 Fab ′ fragment (hereinafter abbreviated as “fluorescent-labeled anti-free PSA antibody”).
- microchip capillary electrophoresis Electrophoresis (microchip capillary electrophoresis) Using a fully automatic fluorescence immunoassay device Mutus Wako i30 (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), microchip capillary electrophoresis was performed according to the procedure shown below according to the instruction manual of the device.
- r free PSA Preparation of sample A for electrophoresis Recombinant free PSA (hereinafter referred to as “r free PSA”) according to the method disclosed in 2. Materials and methods (2.7 Forced expression of FLAG-tag-fused S2, 3PSA) of Non-Patent Document 6. ”[Recombinant ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA (hereinafter abbreviated as“ r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA ”)] and Recombinant ⁇ (2, 6) Sugar chain free PSA (hereinafter abbreviated as “r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA”).
- the final concentration of the fluorescence-labeled anti-free PSA antibody in this reaction solution is 100 nM.
- reaction solution containing the [fluorescently labeled anti-free PSA antibody-r free PSA] complex obtained by the above reaction ie, [fluorescently labeled anti-free PSA antibody-r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA
- the complex and [fluorescent-labeled anti-free PSA antibody-r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA] complex) (10 ⁇ L) were used as electrophoresis sample A.
- Running buffer 2 (containing MAA) A 75 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) containing 4.5% (w / v) polyethylene glycol (PEG8000), 3% (w / v) glycerol, 10 mM NaCl, 0.01% BSA was prepared. To this, MAA (manufactured by VECTOR) was added and mixed to a final concentration of 4 mg / mL to prepare electrophoresis buffer 2.
- MAA manufactured by VECTOR
- Running buffer 3 A buffer containing 2% (w / v) polyethylene glycol (PEG 20000), 3% (w / v) glycerol, 0.01% BSA, 125 mM HEPES, 75 mM Tris-HCl (no pH adjustment) was used as running buffer 3 .
- Running buffer 4 The running buffer 4 was 75 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 7.5) containing 2% (w / v) polyethylene glycol (PEG 20000), 3% (w / v) glycerol, and 0.01% BSA.
- DNA labeled antibody solution (containing DNA labeled anti-PSA antibody) Buffer containing 100 nM of the DNA-labeled anti-PSA antibody obtained in (1) 1) above [2% (w / v) polyethylene glycol (PEG20000), 0.5 mM EDTA (2Na), 3% (w / v) glycerol, Contains 50 mM NaCl, 0.01% BSA, 75 mM BisTris (pH 6.0). Was prepared as a DNA-labeled antibody solution. Fluorescent liquid 30nM HiLyte647,20% of (w / v) 50mM containing glycerol BisTris (pH 6.0), was used as the fluorescent solution. The fluorescent solution is used for adjustment such as position confirmation at the detection unit of the measuring device (Mutasu Wako i30).
- Electrophoresis procedure i) Introduction of electrophoresis sample A and electrophoresis sample solution 5.4 ⁇ L of electrophoresis sample A prepared in (2) 1) above is dispensed into a predetermined well (SP well) of a Mutus Wako i30 dedicated microchip. Noted. Subsequently, each test solution prepared in the above (2) 2) was dispensed into each well of the microchip as described below.
- R2 well R2 (FLB) well, R2 (LB) well
- R2 (FLB) well 10.0 ⁇ L of running buffer 2
- R3 well 10.0 ⁇ L of running buffer 3 -R4 well: 5.4 ⁇ L of running buffer 4
- ⁇ C1 well 3.0 ⁇ L of DNA labeled antibody solution
- ⁇ FD well 7.0 ⁇ L of fluorescent solution.
- FIG. 1 A schematic diagram of the microchip used is shown in FIG. 1
- the waste well is used as a waste liquid reservoir (drain well) when the sample solution for each well (R2, R3, R4, C1) and the sample A for electrophoresis are introduced into the analysis channel.
- FIG. 4 schematically shows the flow path in the chip of the used microchip.
- W indicates a waste well.
- the R3 well side is the cathode and the R2 (LB) well side is the anode.
- the arrangement portion of the sample A for electrophoresis and the reagent solution in each well is shown by color-coded into a dot portion and a white portion (portion without a dot).
- PSA was separated and detected by the following method.
- a voltage of 4000 V is applied between the R3 well and R2 (LB) well in FIG. 4 and the DNA labeled anti-PSA antibody in the test solution is added to the sample solution for electrophoresis at 30 ° C.
- ITP isotachophoresis
- the immune reaction time for each labeled antibody for capturing free PSA was about 200 seconds.
- the complex formed here is specifically a complex (complex 1) of [fluorescence-labeled anti-free PSA antibody-r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA-DNA-labeled anti-PSA antibody].
- This is a complex (complex 2) of [fluorescently labeled anti-free PSA antibody-r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA-DNA labeled anti-PSA antibody].
- Detection is performed by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the capillary part 2 cm downstream from the channel cross part of R2 (FLB) and R2 (LB) with a photodiode (Fuji Film Co., Ltd.) over time by 635 nm laser excitation. It was.
- the same method as above was carried out using the same electrophoresis sample A, electrophoresis reagent and measuring device as described above, and PSA was separated and detected. .
- an electrophoretic image obtained by carrying out the same detection using the electrophoresis buffer 2 not containing MAA is also shown in FIG. 5 by a gray line (light line).
- the peak that appears in this detection is shown in FIG. 5 as “Lectin ( ⁇ )”.
- the complex (complex 1) of [fluorescence-labeled anti-free PSA antibody-r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA-DNA-labeled anti-PSA antibody] reacted with MAA does not react with MAA
- the complex of free PSA antibody-r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA -DNA labeled anti-PSA antibody] (complex 2), the appearance of peaks is delayed. That is, the peak of the complex 2 is a peak that appears at the same position as the peak of “Lectin ( ⁇ )”, and the peak of the complex 1 is a peak that appears immediately after the peak of the complex 2.
- the peak area of the fraction of complex 1 obtained and the peak area of the fraction of complex 2 were determined with the analysis software attached to the measuring device.
- free electrophoresis PSA other than complex 1 ( ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount) and complex 2 ( ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA) by capillary electrophoresis this implementation
- ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA can be separated and measured, and the peak area obtained based on the measurement is used to determine ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain release relative to the amount of free PSA. It was found that the ratio of the type PSA amount can be obtained.
- Example 2 Confirmation of capture efficiency (1) Preparation of sample A for electrophoresis containing r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA or r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain-free PSA 2. Materials and methods (2.7 Forced r-free PSA (including r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA) according to the method disclosed in expression of FLAG-tag-fused S2,3PSA) Acquired. From the obtained r-free PSA, r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA were separated and purified.
- Separation and purification is carried out by first using r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar by lectin column chromatography using an ACG lectin column (J-Oil Mills Co., Ltd.), which has high affinity for the sialyl ⁇ 2,3-galactose structure. Chain free PSA and r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA were separated. Subsequently, gel filtration was performed to purify r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA, respectively.
- the obtained r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA were each diluted with PBS (-) (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
- a sample solution was obtained by adjusting the concentration to 1 ng / mL PSA protein.
- 10 ⁇ L of each reaction solution was prepared by adding 7 ⁇ L of pH 7.5 to a 0.5 mL tube and mixing.
- the final concentration of the fluorescently labeled anti-free PSA antibody in the nuclear reaction solution is 100 nM.
- the reaction solution (10 ⁇ L) containing the [fluorescence-labeled anti-free PSA antibody-r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA] complex obtained in the above reaction was released into r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain released.
- Sample A for electrophoresis containing type PSA was obtained.
- the reaction solution (10 ⁇ L) containing the [fluorescent-labeled anti-free PSA antibody-r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA] complex obtained by the above reaction was used as the r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar.
- Sample A for electrophoresis containing free-chain PSA was used.
- Electrophoresis (microchip capillary electrophoresis) Other than using electrophoresis sample A containing r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA prepared in (1) above or electrophoresis sample A containing r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA Is the same as that used in Example 1, using the same electrophoresis reagent, measuring device, etc. as in Example 1, and using the same reagents and measuring device as in Example 1, in the same manner as in Example 1, Electrophoresis was performed.
- FIG. 6 shows the obtained electrophoresis image (electropherogram).
- the vertical axis represents fluorescence intensity
- the horizontal axis represents mobility (sec).
- an electrophorogram obtained by performing the same measurement using the electrophoresis sample A containing r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA and the electrophoresis buffer 2 not containing MAA. Is also shown in FIG. 6 (1) by a black line (a dark line).
- an electrophorogram obtained by performing the same measurement using the electrophoresis sample A containing r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain-free PSA and the electrophoresis buffer 2 not containing MAA. Is also shown in FIG. 6 (2) by a black line (a dark line).
- the sugar chain structure of MAA and ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA with affinity for MAA, that is, the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2 , 3) Since interaction occurs with the bound sugar chain, the migration peak of ⁇ (2, 3) glycan free PSA obtained by measurement using electrophoresis buffer 2 containing MAA is MAA Should appear after the migration peak of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain-free PSA obtained by measurement using the electrophoresis buffer 2 containing no. As is clear from FIG. 6 (1), the migration peak of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA obtained by measurement using the electrophoresis buffer 2 containing MAA is the electrophoresis buffer 2 containing no MAA. It was confirmed that there was a delay from the appearance position of the migration peak of ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA obtained by measurement using.
- the area of the obtained peak was obtained with analysis software attached to the apparatus.
- the peak area of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA obtained by the measurement using running buffer 2 containing MAA was obtained by the measurement using running buffer 2 containing no MAA.
- the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA peak area was almost 100%.
- ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA does not have a sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain.
- the migration peak of ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA obtained by measurement using migration buffer 2 containing MAA was obtained by measurement using migration buffer 2 containing no MAA. It should appear at the same position as the migration peak of ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA.
- the area of the obtained peak was obtained with analysis software attached to the apparatus.
- the peak area of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA obtained by the measurement using running buffer 2 containing MAA was obtained by the measurement using running buffer 2 containing no MAA. It was almost 100% of the peak area of ⁇ (6, 3) sugar chain free PSA.
- this measurement system is based on the interaction between “MAA and the sugar chain in which the terminal sialic acid residue of the sugar chain is ⁇ (2, 3) linked to the second galactose residue from the end of the sugar chain”. It was confirmed that the capture efficiency of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and ⁇ (6, 3) sugar chain free PSA was almost 100%. In other words, it has been clarified that in this measurement system, the amount of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA and the amount of ⁇ (6, 3) sugar chain free PSA can be measured without loss.
- Example 3 Preparation of Sample A for Electrophoresis
- the r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA and r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA prepared in Example 2 were added to PBS (-) Diluted with Yakuhin Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and adjusted to a concentration of 1.5 ng / mL PSA protein.
- dilute the r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA solution with the obtained r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA solution to obtain r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA.
- Sample solutions containing 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% were obtained.
- the content of the r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA is defined as “theoretical value”.
- Reaction solution containing [fluorescence-labeled anti-free PSA antibody-free PSA] complex obtained by the above reaction ie, [fluorescence-labeled anti-free PSA antibody-r ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA]
- the complex and [fluorescent-labeled anti-free PSA antibody-r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA] complex (10 ⁇ L) were used as sample A for electrophoresis.
- the final concentration of the fluorescence-labeled anti-free PSA antibody in this reaction solution is 100 nM.
- microchip capillary electrophoresis A microchip capillary electrophoresis was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrophoresis sample A prepared in (1) above was used, using the same electrophoresis reagent and measuring apparatus as those used in Example 1. Went.
- FIG. 7 (1) shows the ratio (%) of the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA calculated based on the actual measurement value of each sample solution, and ⁇ ( 2, 3) The relationship with the content (theoretical value) of sugar chain free PSA.
- ⁇ indicates the protein concentration of free PSA in each sample solution (fPSA). The protein concentration in each sample used is all 1.5 ng / mL.
- ⁇ indicates the ratio (%) of the amount of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA of each sample solution, calculated based on the actual measurement value.
- FIG. 7 (2) shows the measured peak area ( ⁇ , peak area) of the fraction of complex 1 obtained in (3) above and the measured peak area of the fraction of complex 2 for each sample solution. The relationship between the value ( ⁇ , Peak area) and the theoretical value of the sample solution is shown.
- the peak area of the complex 1 fraction reflects the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA concentration
- the peak area of the complex 2 fraction reflects the ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA concentration.
- the ratio (%) of the amount of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA obtained by the measurement method of this example is expressed as ⁇ (2,2) relative to the actual amount of free PSA. 3) It was confirmed that it almost coincided with the ratio (%) of the amount of sugar chain free PSA.
- Example 4 Comparison of ratios obtained using samples from Pca patients and BPH patients (1) Preparation of sample A for migration 22 prostate cancer (Pca) patients with total PSA value of 10.0 ng / mL or less and non-cancer Serum collected from 24 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) was used as a sample. Histopathological diagnosis of each patient was confirmed by performing prostate biopsy. Table 1 shows the patient background (age, PSA value (total PSA value), histopathological grade and clinical stage).
- reaction solution (10 ⁇ L) containing the [fluorescence-labeled anti-free PSA antibody-free PSA] complex obtained by the above reaction was used as sample A for electrophoresis.
- Example 2 Separation measurement of PSA and determination of ratio Example 1 was carried out using the same electrophoresis sample solution and measuring apparatus as those used in Example 1 except that the electrophoresis sample A prepared in (1) above was used. Microchip capillary electrophoresis was performed in the same manner as described above. Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, the ratio of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount of each sample was determined.
- the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount was compared between Pca patients and BPH patients.
- the value was “P ⁇ 0.0001”. Therefore, it was found that the ratio of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount of the Pca patient-derived sample was significantly higher than that of the BPH patient-derived sample.
- the free PSA value in each sample was determined using a Human Circulating Cancer BioMarker Panel 1 selection kit (manufactured by LUMINEX) according to the protocol attached to the kit.
- FIG. 9 (1) shows the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount ( ⁇ (2,3) PSA ratio) obtained in Example 4 in Pca patients. And the results of comparison between BPH patients (same as FIG. 2).
- Fig. 9 The upper diagram shows the result of comparing the total PSA value (total PSA) between Pca patients and BPH patients (Comparative Example 1).
- Fig. 9 The upper diagram shows the results of comparing the ratio of free PSA value to total PSA value (% fPSA) between Pca patients and BPH patients (Comparative Example 2).
- FIG. 9 (1) the P value comparing the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to free PSA is between Pca and BPH patients is “ ⁇ 0.0001”.
- FIG. 9 (1) upper diagram the P value comparing the total PSA value between the Pca patient and the BPH patient.
- the P value 0.0289 (the upper diagram in FIG. 9 (2)).
- the P value was 0.1458 (FIG. 9 (3) upper diagram).
- the method for determining Pca using the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount of the present invention is the conventional total PSA value or free PSA relative to the total PSA value. It was found that the Pca can be determined with higher accuracy than the method using the ratio of the values.
- the determination method of the present invention is superior in sensitivity and specificity of the measurement system as compared with the conventional determination method.
- the determination method of the present invention is a conventional determination method. It was found that it was possible to determine Pca of patients with total PSA values in the gray zone with higher accuracy.
- Embodiment 5 FIG. Cut-off value test (1) Preparation of sample A for electrophoresis Derived from the serum sample used in Example 4 and 43 patients (Pca positive; 26 cases, negative; 17 cases) showing a total PSA value of 10-50 ng / mL Sample A for electrophoresis was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 (1) using a total of 89 serum samples from the above-mentioned serum samples.
- Example 2 Separation measurement of PSA and determination of ratio Example 1 was carried out using the same electrophoresis sample solution and measuring apparatus as those used in Example 1 except that the electrophoresis sample A prepared in (1) above was used. Microchip capillary electrophoresis was performed in the same manner as described above. Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, the ratio of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount of each sample was determined.
- the cut-off value when judging the Pca determination based on the ratio of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount is “43.1%”. (Fig. 10).
- MFI Mean Fluorescence Intensity
- microchip capillary electrophoresis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrophoresis sample A prepared above was used, using the same electrophoresis reagent, measurement device, and the like as used in Example 1. went. Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, the ratio of the ⁇ (2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount of each sample was determined. The results are shown in Table 2.
- MFI indicates the result of measuring the fluorescence intensity (MFI) of each sample by the method of (3) above.
- the cut-off value when determining Pca using the amount of ⁇ (2, ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA defined in Patent Document 3 as an index is 1130 as fluorescence intensity (MFI).
- MFI fluorescence intensity
- the determination method using the cutoff value with the ratio of the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA to the amount of free PSA according to the present invention as an index is more known ⁇ (2, 3) It was found that this is a method that can determine Pca with higher accuracy than the determination method using the cut-off value with the amount of sugar chain free PSA as an index.
- Example 7 Sample Serum collected from 28 prostate cancer (Pca) patients and 28 non-cancer prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) patients whose total PSA value was 20.0 ng / mL or less was used as a sample.
- sample used here is a sample that has been determined to be difficult to determine cancer as a result of determination using the total PSA test, which is a conventional determination marker, and the ratio of free PSA to the total PSA value as an index.
- sample A for electrophoresis was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 (1) did.
- microchip capillary electrophoresis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrophoresis sample A prepared above was used, using the same electrophoresis reagent, measurement device, and the like as used in Example 1. went. Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, the ratio of the ⁇ (2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount of each sample was determined.
- Fig. 11 (1) shows the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount of each sample ( ⁇ (2, 3) PSA ratio ⁇ (%)).
- Comparative Examples 3 and 4 (1) Measurement of total PSA value (Comparative Example 3) Using the same sample as that used in Example 7, Lumipulse Presto PSA (Fujirebio Co., Ltd.), an in vitro diagnostic drug, was used to determine the total PSA value in each sample according to the protocol attached to the kit. Moreover, the significant value test (Manwhitney U-TEST) was performed about the obtained value between the Pca patient and the BPH patient.
- the sensitivity when the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount 40% was the cut-off value in prostate cancer judgment was 85.7%, and the specificity was 46.4% .
- the prostate cancer determination method of the present invention is a normal method In the method, it was confirmed that even a case that is difficult to determine is an excellent determination method with higher sensitivity and specificity of prostate cancer determination than the conventional determination method.
- the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount 40% as a cut-off value, and the determination method of the present invention for determining Pca based on this value It has been found that Pca can be determined with higher accuracy than known methods that perform determination based on the total PSA value and the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA.
- Example 8 Preparation of Sample A for Migration Serum collected from 103 prostate cancer (Pca) patients and 50 non-cancerous persons (those determined not to be prostate cancer, including BPH patients) were used as samples. Histopathological diagnosis of each patient was confirmed by performing prostate biopsy. Table 3 shows the patient background (age, total PSA value).
- Example 2 Separation measurement of PSA and determination of ratio Example 1 was carried out using the same electrophoresis sample solution and measuring apparatus as those used in Example 1 except that the electrophoresis sample A prepared in (1) above was used. Microchip capillary electrophoresis was performed in the same manner as described above. Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, the ratio of the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount of each sample was determined.
- the ratio of ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount was compared between Pca patients and non-cancer patients.
- the value was “P ⁇ 0.0001”. Therefore, it was found that the ratio of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount of the Pca patient-derived sample was significantly higher than that of the non-cancerous sample.
- the determination method of the present invention is superior to the conventional determination method in terms of sensitivity and specificity of the measurement system, and the determination method of the present invention is more accurate than the conventional determination method based on the total PSA amount. It can be seen that this is a high determination method.
- the prostate cancer determination method of the present invention is a conventional method It was confirmed that this is an excellent determination method with higher sensitivity and specificity for determining prostate cancer than the determination method.
- Example 9 and Comparative Example 5 Determination of malignancy of prostate cancer (1) Sample 36 prostate cancer (Pca) patients whose malignancy was determined by post-operative Gleason score (GS) determination, and non-cancer patients (those who were determined not to be prostate cancer). Serum collected from 40 people was used as a sample. Histopathological diagnosis of each patient was confirmed by performing prostate biopsy. Table 4 shows the patient background (age, total PSA value, Gleason score, etc.).
- microchip capillary electrophoresis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrophoresis sample A prepared above was used, using the same electrophoresis reagent, measurement device, and the like as used in Example 1. went. Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, the ratio of the ⁇ (2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount of each sample was determined.
- FIG. 16 (1) is a graph showing the ratio of the ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount of samples derived from non-cancer patients and Pca patients. For Pca patients, the ratio for each postoperative Gleason score (postoperative GS) is shown.
- FIG. 16 (2) is a diagram showing the total PSA amount of samples derived from non-cancer patients and Pca patients. For Pca patients, the ratio for each postoperative GS was shown.
- the “ratio of ⁇ (2,) 3) glycan free PSA amount to free PSA amount” “47.2%” is the cut-off value for determining malignancy, and this cut-off value “47.2%” Using it to determine the malignancy of Pca, it was found that cases with low malignancy could be selected, and that it was highly possible to avoid excessive medical care.
- Example 10 and Comparative Example 6 About the influence of the sugar chain diversity of a foreign sample The structure of 19 kinds of sugar chains of PSA has been identified, and it has been revealed that the sugar chain is extremely rich (Non-Patent Document 4). In addition, it is reported that sugar chains of glycoproteins have diversity depending on race ("Difference in placental alkaline phosphatase molecule based on genetic phenotype", Matsuo Sato, Tokyo Women's Medical University Journal, 60 (8), p.609-619, 1990).
- the PSA values (total PSA values) of the samples are shown in Table 5 below.
- Example 10 PSA separation measurement and ratio determination (Example 10) Sample A for electrophoresis was prepared in the same manner as in Example 4 (1) using the sample of (1) above.
- microchip capillary electrophoresis was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electrophoresis sample A prepared above was used, using the same electrophoresis reagent, measurement device, and the like as used in Example 1. went. Then, in the same manner as in Example 1, the ratio of the ⁇ (2, ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 3) sugar chain free PSA amount to the free PSA amount of each sample was determined.
- FIG. 18 (1) shows the ratio of ⁇ (2,3) sugar chain free PSA amount to free PSA amount ( ⁇ (2,3) PSA ratio), Pca patients (Pca) and non-cancerous.
- the result (Example 10) compared with a person (non-Pca) is shown.
- Fig. 18 (2) shows the result of comparing the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA (fluorescence intensity (MFI)) between Pca patients (Pca) and non-cancer patients (non-Pca) (comparative example). 6).
- MFI fluorescence intensity
- the determination method of the present invention for determining Pca based on this value It was found that Pca can be determined with higher accuracy than the known method of determining based on the amount of ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA. Further, it was found that even when using a foreign sample that is expected to cause a concern such as sugar chain diversity, the determination method of the present invention can be used to determine Pca with high accuracy.
- Example 11 Determination by surface plasmon resonance method
- SPR surface plasmon resonance
- BIACORE TM GE Bio
- the measurement was performed by the following method.
- Chip Sensor Chip CM5 (GE Healthcare UK Ltd.)
- Running buffer HBS-EP buffer (10 mM HEPES, 0.15 M NaCl, 3 mM EDTA, 0.005% Surfactant P 20, pH7.4, manufactured by GE Healthcare UK Ltd.)
- sugar chain free PSA and r ⁇ (2, 6) sugar chain free PSA have a peptide sequence of FLAG tag.
- HBS-EP buffer containing 15 mg / mL of MAA is slowly fed under conditions of a temperature of 20 ° C., a flow rate of 30 ⁇ L / min, a binding time of 2 minutes, and ⁇ (2, 3)
- the interaction between the target sugar chain and MAA was assayed.
- the signal (resonance angle shift) was measured over time.
- the obtained measurement results were analyzed using BIAevaluation (Version 4.1) IV which is Biacore dedicated analysis software to obtain a sensorgram.
- the horizontal axis represents time (s (seconds)), and the vertical axis represents signal intensity (RU, Resonance Unit).
- (1) shows the results obtained using a sample containing 55% ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA
- (2) shows the ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA
- (3) shows the results obtained using a sample containing 25% ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA.
- FIG. 19 shows that the determination method of the present invention is applied to a sensorgram obtained using a sample containing ⁇ (2, 3) sugar chain free PSA in a normal range (25%) corresponding to non-cancer in the present invention.
- the determination method using the cut-off value of the present invention (cut-off value of 40% for Pca determination, cut-off value for 47% determination of malignancy of Pca) can be performed also by the surface plasmon resonance method. It was revealed.
- the method for determining Pca of the present invention can non-invasively and easily determine (diagnose, test) Pca and its malignancy with high accuracy. In particular, it is possible to determine with high diagnostic accuracy whether a patient has a total PSA value in the gray zone, which has been difficult to determine in the past, whether it is Pca or has a high probability.
- the determination result obtained by the determination method of the present invention is an important guideline for setting the subsequent Pca treatment policy. It becomes.
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Abstract
Description
「生体由来試料中の遊離型前立腺特異抗原量に対する糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖を有する遊離型PSA量の比率を測定し、その比率が40%より高い場合に前立腺癌であるかその蓋然性が高いと判定する、前立腺癌の判定方法。」
本発明に係る「結合型PSA」とは、一般に「結合型PSA」と呼ばれるPSA、すなわち「α1-アンチキモトリプシンやα2-マクログロブリンなどの結合タンパク質と結合して複合体を形成したPSA」をいう。
本発明のPcaの判定方法は、「生体由来試料(以下、単に「試料」ともいう。)中の遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を測定し、その比率が40%より高い場合に前立腺癌であるかその蓋然性が高いと判定する、前立腺癌の判定方法。」である。
1)試料中の遊離型PSA量を直接測定する方法、又は
2)試料中のα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量をそれぞれ測定し、その総和を遊離型PSA量とする方法
が挙げられる。
遊離型PSA量を直接測定するには、公知の遊離型PSA量を測定する方法で測定すればよい。例えば、抗遊離型PSA抗体、又は抗PSA抗体と抗遊離型PSA抗体を用いた公知の免疫学的測定法等で測定すればよい。
上記方法としては、後記する「α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量、又はα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定する方法」に記載された方法が挙げられる。
・試料中に混在する様々な糖鎖修飾異性体を有する遊離型PSAの中から、標的となる糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖(α2,3型シアリル糖鎖)を有する遊離型PSAを捕捉し、検出(測定)するための効率、又は
・試料中に混在する様々な糖鎖修飾異性体を有する遊離型PSAの中から、標的となる糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖(α2,3型シアリル糖鎖)を有する遊離型PSAを検出(測定)するための効率
をいう。
例えば
1)糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する物質(以下、「アフィニティー物質と略記する。」)を用い、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖と該アフィニティー物質との相互作用を利用してα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量、又はα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定する方法、又は
2)アフィニティー物質を用いずにα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量、又はα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定する方法
が挙げられる。
上記の方法に用いられるアフィニティー物質とは、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する(結合する)物質である。糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に特異的な親和性を有する(特異的に結合する)物質が好ましい。糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する(結合する)が、それ以外の糖鎖(例えば糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 6)結合した糖鎖等)には親和性を有さない(結合しない)物質が特に好ましい。
本発明に係るアフィニティー物質として用いられるレクチンとしては、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する(結合する)レクチンが挙げられる。糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に特異的な親和性を有する(特異的に結合する)レクチンが好ましい。糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する(結合する)が、それ以外の糖鎖(例えば糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 6)結合した糖鎖等)には親和性を有さない(結合しない)レクチンが特に好ましい。
本発明に係るアフィニティー物質として用いられる抗体としては、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に特異的な親和性を有する(結合する)抗体が挙げられる。糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に特異的な親和性を有する(特異的に結合する)抗体が好ましい。糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する(結合する)が、それ以外の糖鎖(例えば糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 6)結合した糖鎖等)には親和性を有さない(結合しない)抗体が特に好ましい。
「α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖とアフィニティ-物質との相互作用によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該アフィニティー物質との複合体を生成させた後、該複合体の量を測定し、その結果に基づいてα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量、又はα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定する方法」が挙げられる。
1)生体由来試料と、標識物質で標識された糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第1抗体と、PSAに親和性を有する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)必要に応じ、上記1)で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、第1複合体の量を測定し、その測定値をもとにα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を求める工程。
1)生体由来試料と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有し、且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体(アフィニティー物質)と、PSAに親和性を有する第2抗体とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第1複合体)と、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)必要に応じ、上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、第1複合体の量を測定し、その測定値をもとにα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を求める工程。
1)生体由来試料と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体(アフィニティー物質)と、PSAに親和性を有する第2抗体と、遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する第3抗体とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と第3抗体の複合体(第1複合体)と、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体と第3抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)必要に応じ、上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、第1複合体の量を測定し、その測定値をもとにα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を求める工程、
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された抗体(標識抗PSA抗体)と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識抗PSA抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、標識抗PSA抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識抗PSA抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、第1複合体の量をα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型とし、第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を遊離型PSA量とする工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体と、PSAに親和性を有する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、第1複合体の量をα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型とし、第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を遊離型PSA量とする工程。
・第1抗体及び第2抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体である。
・第1抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体であり、第2抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体である。
・第1抗体及び第2抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体である。
・第1抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体であり、第2抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体である。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、第1複合体の量をα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型とし、第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を遊離型PSA量とする工程。
・第1抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体であり、第2抗体が糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する抗体である。
・第1抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体であり、第2抗体が糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する抗体である。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有する抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、該抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、該抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、第1複合体の量をα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型とし、第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を遊離型PSA量とする工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有する第1抗体と、遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、第1複合体の量をα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型とし、第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を遊離型PSA量とする工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有する第1抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、第1複合体の量をα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型とし、第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を遊離型PSA量とする工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体と糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第2抗体(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第1複合体)と、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、第1複合体の量をα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型とし、第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を遊離型PSA量とする工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体と、PSAに親和性を有する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第3抗体(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と第3抗体の複合体(第1複合体)と、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記2)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、上記3)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、第1複合体の量をα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型とし、第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を遊離型PSA量とする工程。
・第1抗体及び第2抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体である。
・第1抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体であり、第2抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体である。
・第1抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体であり、第2抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体である。
・第1抗体及び第2抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体である。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有する第1抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第2抗体(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第1複合体)と、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、第1複合体の量をα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型とし、第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を遊離型PSA量とする工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有する第1抗体と、遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第3抗体とを接触させて、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と第3抗体(アフィニティー物質)の複合体(第1複合体)と、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、第1複合体の量をα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型とし、第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を遊離型PSA量とする工程。
上記方法において、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの捕捉効率は80%以上であることが好ましい。
例えば質量分析装置を用いる方法が挙げられる。
また、該方法におけるα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの捕捉効率とは、「試料中に混在する様々な糖鎖修飾異性体を有する遊離型PSAタンパクの中から、標的となる糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖(α2,3型シアリル糖鎖)を有する遊離型PSを捕捉し、検出(測定)するための効率」をいう。
1)比率を測定する方法-1
本発明に係る「生体由来試料中の遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの比率を決定する」方法としては、例えば以下の方法が挙げられる。
比率を測定する別の方法としては、本発明の判定方法に係る「生体由来試料中の遊離型PSA量及びα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を測定し、得られた遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する方法。」があげられる。
(i)「生体由来試料中の遊離型PSA量を測定し、またα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖とアフィニティ-物質(レクチン又は抗体)との相互作用によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該アフィニティー物質との複合体を生成させた後、該複合体の量を測定し、その結果に基づいてα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を測定する方法により、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を測定し、得られた遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する方法。」、
(ii)「α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖とアフィニティ-物質(レクチン又は抗体)との相互作用によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該アフィニティー物質との複合体を生成させた後、該複合体の量を測定し、その結果に基づいてα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定する方法により、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定し、得られたα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量の総和に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する方法。」、又は
(iii)「アフィニティー物質を用いずにα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量、又はα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定する方法によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量、又はα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定し、得られた遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する方法。」
が挙げられる。
(i)’「生体由来試料中の遊離型PSA量を測定し、またα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖とアフィニティ-物質(レクチン又は抗体)との相互作用によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該アフィニティー物質との複合体を生成させた後、該複合体以外の成分を系内から除去せずに該複合体の量を測定し、その結果に基づいてα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を測定する方法する方法によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を測定し、得られた遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する方法。」、又は
(ii)’「α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖とアフィニティ-物質(レクチン又は抗体)との相互作用によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該アフィニティー物質との複合体を生成させた後、該複合体以外の成分を系内から除去せずに該複合体の量を測定し、その結果に基づいてα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定する方法によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定し、得られたα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量の総和に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する方法。」
が、より好ましい。
「α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖と糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチンとの相互作用によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該レクチンとの複合体を生成させた後、該複合体以外の成分を系内から除去せずに該複合体の量を測定し、その結果に基づいてα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定する方法により、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定し、得られたα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量の総和に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する方法。」
が、特に好ましい。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された抗体(標識抗PSA抗体)と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識抗PSA抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、標識抗PSA抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識抗PSA抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、その和に対する上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量の比率を求めることにより、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体と、PSAに親和性を有する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、その和に対する上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量の比率を求めることにより、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
・第1抗体及び第2抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体である。
・第1抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体であり、第2抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体である。
・第1抗体及び第2抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体である。
・第1抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体であり、第2抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体である。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、その和に対する上記4)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量の比率を求めることにより、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
・第1抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体であり、第2抗体が糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する抗体である。
・第1抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する標識抗体であり、第2抗体が糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する抗体である。
[方法D]
1)生体由来試料と、標識物質で標識された糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第1抗体と、PSAに親和性を有する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)必要に応じ、上記1)で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、第1複合体の量を測定し、その測定値をもとにα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を求める工程、
4)予め求めた生体由来試料中の遊離型PSA量に対する上記3)で求めたα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有する抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、該抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、該抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、その和に対する上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量の比率を求めることにより、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有する第1抗体と、遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、その和に対する上記4)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量の比率を求めることにより、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有する第1抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチン(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と該レクチンの複合体(第1複合体)と、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、その和に対する上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量の比率を求めることにより、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体と糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第2抗体(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第1複合体)と、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、その和に対する上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量の比率を求めることにより、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
1)生体由来試料と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有し、且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体(アフィニティー物質)と、PSAに親和性を有する第2抗体とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第1複合体)と、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)必要に応じ、上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、第1複合体の量を測定し、その測定値をもとにα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を求める工程、
4)予め求めた生体由来試料中の遊離型PSA量に対する上記3)で求めたα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体と、PSAに親和性を有する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第3抗体(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と第3抗体の複合体(第1複合体)と、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記2)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、上記3)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、その和に対する上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量の比率を求めることにより、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
・第1抗体及び第2抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体である。
・第1抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体であり、第2抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体である。
・第1抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体であり、第2抗体がPSAに親和性を有する抗体である。
・第1抗体及び第2抗体が遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体である。
1)生体由来試料と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有し且つ標識物質で標識された第1抗体(アフィニティー物質)と、PSAに親和性を有する第2抗体と、遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する第3抗体とを接触させて、標識第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と第3抗体の複合体(第1複合体)と、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体と第3抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)必要に応じ、上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)該複合体を構成する標識第1抗体の標識物質に由来するシグナルを測定することにより、第1複合体の量を測定し、その測定値をもとにα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を求める工程、
4)予め求めた生体由来試料中の遊離型PSA量に対する上記3)で求めたα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有する第1抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第2抗体(アフィニティー物質)とを接触させて、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第1複合体)と、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAの複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、その和に対する上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量の比率を求めることにより、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
1)生体由来試料と、PSAに親和性を有する第1抗体と、遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する第2抗体と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3) 結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する第3抗体とを接触させて、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと第2抗体と第3抗体(アフィニティー物質)の複合体(第1複合体)と、第1抗体とα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSAと第2抗体の複合体(第2複合体)を形成させる工程、
2)上記1)の工程で得られた第1複合体と第2複合体とを分離する工程、
3)上記2)の工程で分離した第1複合体の量及び第2複合体の量を測定する工程、
4)上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量と第2複合体の量の和を求め、その和に対する上記3)の工程で得られた第1複合体の量の比率を求めることにより、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する工程。
キャピラリー電気泳動によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を求め、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する方法としては、例えばまずPSAを含有する生体由来試料と、本発明に係る抗PSA抗体(好ましくは抗遊離型PSA抗体)を標識物質で標識した標識抗PSA抗体とを接触・反応させ、得られた反応液中の[標識抗PSA抗体-α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA]複合体と[標識抗PSA抗体-α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA]複合体とを、アフィニティー物質の存在下でキャピラリー電気泳動を実施することにより分離し、[標識抗PSA抗体-α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA]複合体1由来の標識物質の量、及び[標識抗PSA抗体-α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA]複合体2由来の標識物質の量を測定する。試料中の遊離型PSA量は、複合体1と複合体2の標識物質の量の和とする。そして、そして、得られた遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を求める。
[蛍光標識抗遊離型PSA抗体]-[α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA]-[DNA標識抗PSA抗体]
[蛍光標識抗遊離型PSA抗体]-[α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA]-[DNA標識抗PSA抗体]
表面プラズモン共鳴法は、表面プラズモンが金属/液体界面で励起した場合に起こる、いわゆる表面プラズモン共鳴(Surface Plasmon Resonance = SPR)の光学現象を利用して生体分子間の相互作用を解析する分子間相互作用解析システムである。表面プラズモン共鳴法は、表面プラズモン共鳴分光装置を用いて、2分子間の結合と解離にともなってセンサーチップ表面で生じる微量な質量変化をSPR シグナルとして検出する。生体分子間の相互作用をリアルタイムにモニターするので、生体分子間の結合・解離が早い・遅いというカイネティクス情報が得られる。
産業技術総合研究所糖鎖医工学研究センター等の開発したレクチンマイクロアレイ法も、本発明の判定法に用いることが出来る。
[測定に供したα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA標準の濃度-未反応画分(洗浄画分を含む)中のα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの濃度]/測定に供したα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA標準の濃度
ELISAによりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を求め、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する方法としては、例えば以下の[方法1]及び[方法2]が挙げられる。
[方法1]
アフィニティー物質を固相に固定化する。PSAを含有する試料を上記固相と接触・反応させる。固相を洗浄処理した後、抗PSA抗体(抗遊離型PSA抗体でもよい。)を検出可能な標識物質で標識した標識抗PSA抗体を、固相と接触・反応させる。未反応の標識抗PSA抗体を洗浄等により除去した後、標識抗PSA抗体の標識物質に応じた測定方法で標識物質の量を測定する。得られた測定結果をもとに、予め濃度既知のα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA標準を用いて測定を行って得られた結果を用いた常法による定量値換算を行い、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を求める。別途上記した試料中の遊離型PSA量を測定する方法で遊離型PSA量を求める。得られた遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を求める。
[測定に供したα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA標準の濃度-未反応画分(洗浄画分を含む)中のα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの濃度]/測定に供したα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA標準の濃度
[方法2]
遊離型PSAに特異的に結合する抗体を固相に固定化する。PSAを含有する試料を、上記固相と接触・反応させる。固相を洗浄処理した後、アフィニティー物質を検出可能な標識物質で標識した標識アフィニティー物質を、固相と接触・反応させる。未反応の標識アフィニティー物質を洗浄等により除去した後、標識アフィニティー物質の標識物質に応じた方法で標識物質を測定する。得られた測定結果をもとに、予め濃度既知のα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA標準を用いて測定を行って得られた結果を用いた常法による定量値換算を行い、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を求める。別途上記した試料中の遊離型PSA量を測定する方法で遊離型PSA量を求める。得られた遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を求める。
質量分析装置を用いて、試料中の成分の糖鎖の構造を解析することが出来る。本発明の判定方法では、質量分析装置を用いて試料中のPSAの糖鎖の構造を解析し、試料中の遊離型PSA量、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量、及びα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA以外の遊離型PSA量を測定することが出来る。そして、得られた遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を求める。
本発明のPcaの判定方法を実施するには、まず上記した方法により得られた遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定する。そしてその比率が40%より低い場合には、Pcaではない(Pca陰性)、またはその蓋然性は低い、と判定される。
被検試料を用いて得られた測定結果が、25%の基準液を用いて得られた測定結果、及び40%の基準液を用いて得られた測定結果より低い値であれば、Pca陰性と判定される。
本発明に係る生体由来試料としては、例えば血液、血漿、血清、精液、膀胱洗浄物、尿、組織抽出液、前立腺組織切片、前立腺組織生検試料等、あるいはこれらから調製されたもの等が挙げられる。中でも血清、血漿等が好ましいものとして挙げられる。
本発明に係るPca判定用キットは、アフィニティー物質を構成要件として含むものである。
(1)試料及び試液の調製
1)DNA標識抗PSA抗体の調製
図2に示した手順に従って、DNAが結合したPSA抗体Fab’フラグメントを調製した。
Anti PSAモノクローナル抗体 PSA10とは異なるPSAのエピトープを認識し、遊離型PSAのみと特異的に結合する抗ヒトPSAモノクローナル抗体 PSA12(Anti PSAモノクローナル抗体 クローンNo. PSA12、和光純薬工業(株)製(自製品))を常法により処理して、抗PSA抗体PSA12 Fab'フラグメントを得た。得られたフラグメントのアミノ基に、常法により蛍光物質HiLyte647(AnaSpec社製)を導入して、HiLyte647標識抗遊離型PSA抗体PSA12 Fab'フラグメント(以下、「蛍光標識抗遊離型PSA抗体」と略記する。)を得た。
全自動蛍光免疫測定装置ミュータスワコー i30(和光純薬工業(株)製)を用い、装置の取扱説明書に従い、以下に示した手順にてマイクロチップキャピラリー電気泳動を行った。
非特許文献6の2. Materials and methods (2.7 Forced expression of FLAG-tag-fused S2,3PSA)に開示された方法に従ってリコンビナント遊離型PSA(以下、「r 遊離型PSA」と略記する。)[リコンビナントα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA(以下、「r α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA」と略記する。)と、リコンビナントα(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSA(以下、「r α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSA」と略記する。)を含む。]を取得した。取得したr 遊離型PSA溶液中のPSA濃度を測定し、PBS(-)(和光純薬工業(株)製)で希釈して1ng/mL PSAタンパク質濃度となるように調製し、サンプル溶液を得た。得られたサンプル溶液を2μL、上記(1)2)で調製した1μM 蛍光標識抗遊離型PSA抗体を1μL、及び泳動緩衝液1[5% (w/v) ポリエチレングリコール(PEG20000)、3%(w/v) グリセロール、150mM NaCl、0.01% BSA、75mM Tris-HCl、10mM MESを含有する。pH 7.5] 7μLを0.5mLチューブに加えて混合して、10μLの反応液を調製した。
下記の各試液を調製した。
・泳動緩衝液2(MAA含有)
4.5% (w/v) ポリエチレングリコール(PEG8000)、3%(w/v) グリセロール、10mM NaCl、0.01 % BSAを含有する75mM Tris-HClバッファー(pH 7.5)を調製した。これにMAA(VECTOR社製)を終濃度4mg/mLとなるように添加・混合したものを調製し、泳動緩衝液2とした。
・泳動緩衝液3
2% (w/v) ポリエチレングリコール(PEG20000)、3%(w/v) グリセロール、0.01 % BSA、125mM HEPES、75mM Tris-HClを含有するバッファー(pH調製なし)を、泳動緩衝液3とした。
・泳動緩衝液4
2% (w/v) ポリエチレングリコール(PEG20000)、3%(w/v) グリセロール、0.01 % BSAを含有する75mM Tris-HClバッファー(pH 7.5)を、泳動緩衝液4とした。
・DNA標識抗体液(DNA標識抗PSA抗体含有)
上記(1)1)で得られたDNA標識抗PSA抗体 100nMを含有するバッファー[2% (w/v) ポリエチレングリコール(PEG20000)、0.5mM EDTA(2Na)、3%(w/v) グリセロール、50mM NaCl、0.01 % BSA、75mM BisTris(pH 6.0)を含有する。]を調製し、DNA標識抗体液とした。
・蛍光液
30nM HiLyte647、20%(w/v) グリセロールを含有する50mM BisTris(pH 6.0)を、蛍光液とした。蛍光液は測定装置(ミュータスワコー i30)の検出部での位置確認等の調整のために用いられる。
i)泳動用試料A及び泳動用試液の導入
上記(2)1)で調製した泳動用試料A 5.4μLを、ミュータスワコー i30専用マイクロチップの所定ウェル(SPウェル)に分注した。次いで、下記のように該マイクロチップの各ウェルに上記(2)2)で調製した各試液を分注した。
・R2ウェル(R2(FLB)ウェル、R2(LB)ウェル):泳動緩衝液2を10.0μLずつ、
・R3ウェル:泳動緩衝液3を10.0μL、
・R4ウェル:泳動緩衝液4を5.4μL、
・C1ウェル:DNA標識抗体液を3.0μL、
・FDウェル:蛍光液を7.0μL。
使用したマイクロチップのチップ内流路を模式化したものを図4に示す。
図4において、WはWasteウェルを示す。R3ウェル側が陰極、R2(LB)ウェル側が陽極になる。また、図4において、泳動用試料A及び各ウェルの試液の配置部分を点部分と白部分(点のない部分)とに色分けして示す。
得られた電気泳動像(エレクトロフェログラム)を図5に示す。図5において、縦軸は蛍光強度を、横軸は移動度(sec)をそれぞれ示す。
・遊離型PSA量(遊離型PSAの総量)=[複合体1の分画のピーク面積]+[複合体2の分画のピーク面積]
・遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率(%)=[複合体1の分画のピーク面積]/[遊離型PSA量]×100
(1)r α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA又はr α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSAを含有する泳動用試料Aの調製
非特許文献6の2. Materials and methods (2.7 Forced expression of FLAG-tag-fused S2,3PSA)に開示された方法に従ってr遊離型PSA(r α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAとr α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSAを含む)を取得した。取得したr遊離型PSAから、r α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAとr α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSAを分離精製した。分離精製の方法は、まずシアリルα2,3-ガラクトース構造に対して高い親和性を示すACGレクチンカラム((株)J-オイルミルズ)を用いたレクチンカラムクロマトグラフィーによりr α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAとr α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSAとを分離した。次いでゲルろ過を行って、r α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA及びr α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSAをそれぞれ精製した。
上記(1)で調製したr α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAを含有する泳動用試料A、又はr α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSAを含有する泳動用試料Aを用いる以外は、実施例1で使用したものと同様の泳動用試液、測定装置等を用い、実施例1と同様の試薬及び測定装置等を用いて、実施例1と同様の方法で、マイクロチップキャピラリー電気泳動を行った。
得られた電気泳動像(エレクトロフェログラム)を図6に示す。図6において、縦軸は蛍光強度を、横軸は移動度(sec)をそれぞれ示す。
(1)泳動用試料Aの調製
実施例2で調製したr α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA及びr α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSAを、それぞれPBS(-)(和光純薬工業(株)製)で希釈して、1.5ng/mL PSAタンパク質濃度となるように調整した。次いで、得られたr α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSA溶液でr α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA溶液を希釈して、r α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAを10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 又は50%含有するサンプル溶液を得た。このr α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの含有率を「理論値」とする。
上記(1)で調製した泳動用試料Aを用いる以外は、実施例1で使用したものと同様の泳動用試液、測定装置等を用い、実施例1と同様の方法で、マイクロチップキャピラリー電気泳動を行った。
得られた電気泳動像(エレクトロフェログラム)をもとに、複合体1([蛍光標識抗遊離型PSA抗体-r α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA]複合体)のピーク面積と複合体2([蛍光標識抗遊離型PSA抗体-r α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSA]複合体)のピーク面積を、装置付属の解析用ソフトで求めた。得られた値を、以下、単に「実測値」と記載する場合がある。
結果を図7に示す。
α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA濃度/遊離型PSA濃度
=複合体1の画分のピーク面積/(複合体1の画分のピーク面積+複合体2の画分のピーク面積)
=2.7/(2.7+24.2)×100=10.0%
となった。すなわち、実測値をもとに算出した遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率は、理論値と殆ど同じになった。
(1)泳動用試料Aの調製
トータルPSA値が10.0 ng/mL以下であった前立腺癌(Pca)患者22名及び非癌である前立腺肥大症(BPH)患者24名から採取した血清を試料として用いた。各患者の組織病理学的診断は前立腺生検を行って確認した。患者の背景(年齢、PSA値(トータルPSA値)、病理組織学的悪性度分類及び臨床病期)を表1に示す。
上記(1)で調製した泳動用試料Aを用いる以外は、実施例1で使用したものと同様の泳動用試液、測定装置等を用い、実施例1と同様の方法で、マイクロチップキャピラリー電気泳動を行った。そして、実施例1と同様の方法で、各試料の、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を求めた。
得られた結果を図8に示す。
(1)試料
実施例4で使用したものと同じ試料を用いた。
体外診断用医薬品であるルミパルスプレストPSA(富士レビオ(株))を用いてキット添付のプロトコルに従って、各試料中のトータルPSA値を求めた(比較例1)。
得られた結果及び、実施例4で得られた結果を図9の上図に併せて示す。
(1)泳動用試料Aの調製
実施例4で使用した血清試料と、トータルPSA値10~50ng/mLを示す患者43名(Pca陽性;26例、陰性;17例)由来の血清試料の、計89名の患者由来の血清試料を用い、実施例4(1)と同様の方法で泳動用試料Aを調製した。
上記(1)で調製した泳動用試料Aを用いる以外は、実施例1で使用したものと同様の泳動用試液、測定装置等を用い、実施例1と同様の方法で、マイクロチップキャピラリー電気泳動を行った。そして、実施例1と同様の方法で、各試料の、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を求めた。
上記(2)で得られた結果をもとに、Relative Operating Characteristic curve(ROC曲線)により解析を行った。結果を図10に示す。
(1)試料
WO2014/057983号パンフレット(特許文献3)には、その実施例2に記載の方法で各試料の蛍光強度(MFI:Mean Fluorescence Intensity)を測定し、その値を各試料のα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量としたこと、Pca判定のためのカットオフ値を「蛍光強度(MFI)=1130」に定めたことが記載されている。しかし、本発明者等が特許文献3の実施例2に記載された方法で、本明細書の実施例4で使用した試料(計46症例)のα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を測定した結果、蛍光強度(MFI)が1130以上であっても、実際には陰性(BPH)の場合があった(偽陽性)。すなわち、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量でPcaを判定すると、偽陽性の判定が生じる可能性があることが示唆された。
上記(1)で選択した5検体の試料を用い、実施例4(1)と同様の方法で泳動用試料Aを調製した。
上記(1)の5検体の試料を用い、特許文献3の実施例2に記載の方法と同様の方法を実施して、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量(蛍光強度(MFI))を測定した。結果を表2に併せて示す。
表2において、「比率」は、各試料の、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を示す。
(1)試料
トータルPSA値が20.0 ng/mL以下であった、前立腺癌(Pca)患者28名及び非癌である前立腺肥大症(BPH)患者28名から採取した血清を、試料として用いた。
上記(1)の試料を用い、実施例4(1)と同様の方法で泳動用試料Aを調製した。
結果を図11に示す。
(1)トータルPSA値の測定(比較例3)
実施例7で使用したものと同じ試料を用い、体外診断用医薬品であるルミパルスプレストPSA(富士レビオ(株))を用いてキット添付のプロトコルに従って、各試料中のトータルPSA値を求めた。また、得られた値について、Pca患者とBPH患者間で有意差検定(Manwhitney U-TEST)を行った。
実施例7で使用したものと同じ試料を用い、特許文献3(WO2014/057983)の実施例2に記載の方法と同様の方法を実施して、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量(蛍光強度(MFI)を測定した。また、得られた値について、Pca患者とBPH患者間で有意差検定(Manwhitney U-TEST)を行った。
1)ROC曲線解析の結果
実施例7及び比較例3,4で得られたROC曲線解析の結果を図11(2)に併せて示す。
図11(1)から明らかな通り、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率(α(2,3) PSA ratio (%))をPca患者とBPH患者間で比較したP値は「P=0.0019」であった。よって、Pca患者由来試料の遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率は、BPH患者由来試料の該比率と比較して有意に高いことが判った。
(1)泳動用試料Aの調製
前立腺癌(Pca)患者103名及び非癌者(前立腺癌ではないと判定された者。BPH患者を含む。)50名から採取した血清を試料として用いた。各患者の組織病理学的診断は前立腺生検を行って確認した。患者の背景(年齢、トータルPSA値)を表3に示す。
上記(1)で調製した泳動用試料Aを用いる以外は、実施例1で使用したものと同様の泳動用試液、測定装置等を用い、実施例1と同様の方法で、マイクロチップキャピラリー電気泳動を行った。そして、実施例1と同様の方法で、各試料の、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を求めた。
上記で得られた値について、Pca患者と非癌者で有意差検定(Manwhitney U-TESTを行った。得られた結果を図13に示す。
図14のROC曲線解析の結果、本発明の遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率でPcaを判定した結果、AUC(曲線下面積=Area Under the Curve)=0.851となった。一方、従来のトータルPS値でPcaを判定した結果、AUC=0.658であった
上記(3)で得られたPca患者由来試料の遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率の結果をもとに、Relative Operating Characteristic curve(ROC曲線、図15)により解析を行った。次に、常法通り、ROC曲線に接する45度の角度をもつ直線を引き、その直線との交点(図15に矢印で示した)、すなわち「感度-(1-特異度)」が最大となる値を求めた。その結果、その値(遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率)は「42.7%」であった。
(1)試料
術後のグリーソンスコア(GS)判定により悪性度を確定した前立腺癌(Pca)患者36名、及び非癌者(前立腺癌ではないと判定された者。BPH患者を含む。)40名から採取した血清を試料として用いた。各患者の組織病理学的診断は前立腺生検を行って確認した。患者の背景(年齢、トータルPSA値、グリーソンスコア等)を表4に示す。
上記(1)の試料を用い、実施例4(1)と同様の方法で泳動用試料Aを調製した。
実施例9で使用したものと同じ試料を用い、体外診断用医薬品であるルミパルスプレストPSA(富士レビオ(株))を用いてキット添付のプロトコルに従って、各試料中のトータルPSA値を求めた。
図16(1)は、非癌者及びPca患者由来試料の遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を示した図である。Pca患者については、術後グリーソンスコア(術後GS)ごとの該比率を示した。
PSAの糖鎖は、計19種類の構造が同定され、非常に多様性に富んでいることが明らかとなっている(非特許文献4)。また、糖タンパク質の糖鎖には、人種による多様性があることが報告されている(「遺伝的表現形に基づく胎盤型アルカリ性ホスファターゼ分子の差異について」、佐藤松男、東京女子医科大学雑誌、60(8)、p.609-619、1990)。
カナダSt. Joseph's Healthcare HamiltonのDr. Pinthusラボから提供された、非日本人であって、トータルPSA値が20.0 ng/mL以下である、Pca患者29名及び非癌者(前立腺癌ではないと判定された者。BPH患者を含む)10名から採取した血清を試料として用いた。
上記(1)の試料を用い、実施例4(1)と同様の方法で泳動用試料Aを調製した。
上記(1)の試料を用い、特許文献3の実施例2に記載の方法と同様の方法を実施して、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量(蛍光強度(MFI))を測定した。
結果を図18に示す。図18において、図18(1)は、遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率(α(2,3)PSA ratio)を、Pca患者(Pca)と非癌者(non-Pca)間で比較した結果(実施例10)を示す。図18(2)は、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量(蛍光強度(MFI))を、Pca患者(Pca)と非癌者(non-Pca)間で比較した結果(比較例6)を示す。
マイクロチップ電気泳動とは異なる測定原理として、表面プラズモン共鳴(SPR)技術を利用し、その代表的な測定装置であるBIACORETM(GEバイオ)を用いたS2,3PSA含有比率測定を下記の方法で行った。
(1)測定機器等
測定機器: Biacore X (GE Healthcare UK Ltd.製)
チップ: Sensor Chip CM5 (GE Healthcare UK Ltd.製)
ランニングバッファー: HBS-EP バッファー(10mM HEPES, 0.15M NaCl, 3mM EDTA, 0.005 % Surfactant P 20, pH7.4, GE Healthcare UK Ltd.製)
実施例2で精製し、調製したr α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA又はr α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSAが、それぞれ1000 ng/mL PSAタンパク質濃度となるように調製した。次いで、得られたr α(2, 6)糖鎖遊離型PSA溶液でr α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA溶液を希釈して、r α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAを25%, 45%, 又は55%含有するサンプル溶液を得た。このr α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの含有率を「理論値」とする。
アミンカップリングキット(GE Healthcare UK Ltd.製)を用いて、抗FLAGタグ抗体(ANTI-FLAG M2 Monoclonal Antibody,シグマ社製)をSensor Chip CM5(CMセンサーチップ、GE Healthcare UK Ltd.製)のセンサーチップ上に固定化した。
以下の測定は、Biacore X (GE Healthcare UK Ltd.製)を用いて行った。
得られたセンサーグラムを図19に示す。
Claims (13)
- 生体由来試料中の遊離型前立腺特異抗原(以下、前立腺特異抗原を「PSA」と記載する。)量に対する糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖を有する遊離型PSA(以下、「α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA」と記載する。)量の比率を決定し、その比率が40%又はそれより高い場合に前立腺癌であるかその蓋然性が高いと判定する、前立腺癌の判定方法。
- 生体由来試料中の遊離型PSA量及びα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を測定し、得られた遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率を決定し、その比率が40%又はそれより高い場合に前立腺癌であるかその蓋然性が高いと判定する、請求項1に記載の判定方法。
- 生体由来試料中のトータルPSA値が0を超える値~50 ng/mLである、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- 生体由来試料中のトータルPSA値が4~10ng/mLである、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を測定する方法が、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖と、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に親和性を有する物質(以下、「アフィニティ-物質」と記載する。)との相互作用を利用して測定する方法である、請求項2に記載の方法。
- α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖と、アフィニティ-物質との相互作用を利用して測定する方法が、 α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖と該アフィニティ-物質との相互作用によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該アフィニティー物質との複合体を生成させた後、該複合体の量を測定し、その結果に基づいてα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を決定する方法である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖と、アフィニティ-物質との相互作用を利用して測定する方法が、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖と該アフィニティ-物質との相互作用によりα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAと該アフィニティー物質との複合体を生成させた後、該複合体以外の成分を系内から除去せずに該複合体の量を測定し、その結果に基づいてα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を決定する方法である、請求項5に記載の方法。
- α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を測定する方法が、α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSAの捕捉効率が80%以上の測定方法である、請求項1,2又は5に記載の方法。
- アフィニティー物質がレクチンである、請求項5に記載の方法。
- レクチンが、糖鎖の末端シアル酸残基が糖鎖の末端から2番目のガラクトース残基にα(2, 3)結合した糖鎖に親和性を有するレクチンである、請求項9に記載の方法。
- レクチンがイヌエンジュレクチン(MAA)である、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 遊離型PSA量に対するα(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量の比率が40%又はそれより高い場合に前立腺癌であるかその蓋然性が高いと判定し、該比率が47%又はそれより高い場合に前立腺癌の悪性度が高い蓋然性が高いと判定する、請求項1又は2に記載の方法。
- α(2, 3)糖鎖遊離型PSA量を測定する方法が、キャピラリー電気泳動法、ビアコア法、質量分析法、又はレクチンマイクロアレイ法である、請求項2に記載の方法。
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WO2022263873A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-22 | Pannon Egyetem | Integrated method for urinary prostate specific antigen n-glycosylation profiling by capillary electrophoresis |
JP2023549573A (ja) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-11-27 | ヤンセン ファーマシューティカルズ,インコーポレーテッド | キャピラリーベースのイムノアッセイシステムを使用する複合糖質の分析方法 |
JP7495578B2 (ja) | 2020-11-30 | 2024-06-04 | ヤンセン ファーマシューティカルズ,インコーポレーテッド | キャピラリーベースのイムノアッセイシステムを使用する複合糖質の分析方法 |
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JPWO2019221279A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-18 | 2021-08-12 | 富士フイルム和光純薬株式会社 | 前立腺癌を判定する方法 |
JP7244883B2 (ja) | 2018-05-18 | 2023-03-23 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 特定の比率を前立腺癌の指標とする方法、前立腺癌の判定を行うためのデータを得る方法、及び、前立腺癌判定用キット |
JP2023549573A (ja) * | 2020-11-30 | 2023-11-27 | ヤンセン ファーマシューティカルズ,インコーポレーテッド | キャピラリーベースのイムノアッセイシステムを使用する複合糖質の分析方法 |
JP7495578B2 (ja) | 2020-11-30 | 2024-06-04 | ヤンセン ファーマシューティカルズ,インコーポレーテッド | キャピラリーベースのイムノアッセイシステムを使用する複合糖質の分析方法 |
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JP7222501B2 (ja) | 2021-03-18 | 2023-02-15 | 国立大学法人弘前大学 | 末端シアル酸残基がα2,3結合でガラクトースに結合した糖鎖に特異的に結合するモノクローナル抗体、及び、末端シアル酸残基がα2,3結合でガラクトースに結合した糖鎖の測定方法 |
US11987643B2 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2024-05-21 | Hirosaki University | Monoclonal antibody that specifically binds to sugar chain in which terminal sialic acid residue is bonded to galactose by alpha 2,3 bond, and measurement method for sugar chain in which terminal sialic acid residue is bonded to galactose by alpha 2,3 bond |
WO2022263873A1 (en) | 2021-06-16 | 2022-12-22 | Pannon Egyetem | Integrated method for urinary prostate specific antigen n-glycosylation profiling by capillary electrophoresis |
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JP6316519B2 (ja) | 2018-04-25 |
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