Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
  • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
  • C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds
  • C07C41/30—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds by increasing the number of carbon atoms, e.g. by oligomerisation
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C249/00—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton
  • C07C249/02—Preparation of compounds containing nitrogen atoms doubly-bound to a carbon skeleton of compounds containing imino groups
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C253/00—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles
  • C07C253/18—Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reaction of ammonia or amines with compounds containing carbon-to-carbon multiple bonds other than in six-membered aromatic rings
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07C41/00—Preparation of ethers; Preparation of compounds having groups, groups or groups
  • C07C41/01—Preparation of ethers
  • C07C41/18—Preparation of ethers by reactions not forming ether-oxygen bonds

Definitions

• the present disclosure relates to synthetic methods and compounds formed using such disclosed synthetic methods.
• Methods of converting a fluonnated vinyl ether to a saturated partially fluorinated ether comprising: reacting the fluorinated vinyl ether with an amine, ammonia, or combination thereof to form the saturated partially fluorinated ether.
• a conductive trace that "comprises” silver may be a conductive trace that "consists of silver or that "consists essentially of silver.
• compositions, apparatus, system, method or the like means that the components of the composition, apparatus, system, method or the like are limited to the enumerated components and any other components that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s) of the composition, apparatus, system, method or the like.
• each group is present more than once in a formula described herein, each group is
• each R 1 group is independently selected.
• subgroups contained within these groups are also independently selected.
• room temperature refers to a temperature of about 20 °C to about 25 °C or about 22 °C to about 25 °C.
• Ammonolysis can be described as a particular type of solvolysis reaction, which is a special type of nucleophilic substitution (SNI) or elimination where the nucleophile is an ammonia molecule. Ammonolysis can produce simple protonated compounds, amines, other compounds or combinations thereof.
• SNI nucleophilic substitution
• Ammonolysis can produce simple protonated compounds, amines, other compounds or combinations thereof.
• fluorinated can refer to any compound that includes one or more than one fluorine (F) atoms bonded to a carbon.
• Fluorinated compounds can include partially fluorinated compounds and perfiuorinated compounds.
• Perfiuorinated means that all hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms.
• perfluoromethyl denotes an -CF 3 group
• partially fluorinated means that at least one but not all hydrogen atoms are replaced by fluorine atoms.
• a -CFH2 group or a -CF2H group are examples of partially fluorinated methyl residues.
• the fluorinated compounds can include any functionalities and can represent virtually any classes of compounds.
• the fluorinated compounds can be described by the functionality(ies) that they may include, for example, the fluorinated compounds can include olefin compounds or olefin containing compounds, or ether containing compounds, for example.
• a compound can be described by more than one class, for example a compound could be both an olefin containing compound and an ether containing compound.
• fluorinated compounds to be converted herein can include any additional atoms, structures, or groups.
• the fluorinated compounds converted herein are fluorinated alkyl compounds that contain one or more than one functionality, such as those functionalities described herein.
• Olefin containing compounds can refer to any compound that includes at least one carbon-carbon double bond. Olefin containing compounds can also be referred to as unsaturated compounds. Olefin containing compounds can include one or more than one carbon- carbon double bond.
• ether containing compounds can refer to any compound that includes at least one oxygen atom interposed between two carbon atoms (R-O-R). Ether containing compounds can include one or more than one R-O-R group. In some embodiments, ether containing compounds could be vinyl ether containing compounds. As used herein, "vinyl ether” means a moiety in a compound having two carbon atoms bonded to each other by a carbon— carbon double bond, and at least one ether oxygen bonded to one of said double -bonded carbons atoms.
• fluorinated compounds to be converted herein can include fluorinated olefin compounds, for example.
• fluorinated olefin compounds can be linear, branched, cyclic or combinations thereof.
• a linear olefin is one that includes only a single chain of carbon (or other atoms), whereas a branched olefin is one that includes at least one pendant carbon group.
• linear or branched fluorinated olefins can be converted herein.
• the linear or branched fluorinated olefins can also include one or more ether groups.
• the linear or branched fluorinated olefins can be perfiuorinated linear or branched olefins.
• fluorinated linear olefin containing compounds can include from four (4) to twelve (12) carbon atoms, from four (4) to eight (8) carbon atoms, or from four (4) to six (6) carbon atoms.
• fluorinated branched olefin containing compounds can include from four (4) to twelve (12) carbon atoms, from four (4) to ten (10) carbon atoms, or from four (4) to eight (8) carbon atoms.
• fluorinated branched olefin containing compounds can include (PPVE-2) (l-[l-[difluoro[(l,2,2- trifluoroethenyl)oxy]methyl]-l,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy]- l, 1,2,2,3,3, 3-heptafluoro propane) or similar compounds.
• fluorinated compounds to be converted herein can include fluorinated ether containing compounds.
• Fluorinated ether containing compounds can include one or more than one ether groups.
• fluorinated ether containing compounds can include one ether groups, two ether groups, or more than two ether groups.
• Fluorinated ether containing compounds can also include one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (e.g., be an olefin containing compound as well), for example.
• the fluorinated ether containing compound including one or more carbon-carbon double bonds could be a vinyl ether containing compound.
• fluorinated ether containing compounds may be perfluorinated ether containing compounds, for example.
• perfluorinated ether olefin containing compounds for example.
• perfluorinated vinyl ether containing compounds for example.
• Specific illustrative examples of perfluorinated vinyl ether containing compounds can include
• PPVE-2 perfluorinated vinyl ether containing compounds that include a second ether group, for example.
• Disclosed methods include reacting the fluorinated compound, for example a fluorinated vinyl ether containing compound, with an amine, ammonia, or combinations thereof to form a saturated partially fluorinated ether compound.
• ammonia can be reacted with the fluorinated compound.
• Ammonia, NH 3 is a gas at room temperature conditions.
• the ammonia can be utilized as a solution of NH3 in water, or an aqueous solution of ammonia.
• the ammonia can be present in solution at amounts (by weight) of not less than 10 %, not less than 20 %, not less than 25 %, or not less than 27 %.
• the ammonia can be present in solution at amounts (by weight) of not greater than 40 %, not greater than 35 % or not greater than 32 %.
• an ammonia solution in water can be a solution that has from about 28 % to about 30 % ammonia by weight in water.
• Ammonia could also be utilized in an alcohol solution.
• examples of possible alcohols can include, for example methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or combinations thereof.
• the amounts of ammonia in an alcohol solution can be the same or similar to the amounts illustrated above for an aqueous solution.
• amines can be reacted with the fluorinated compound.
• Amines have the formula R ⁇ NFb, where R 1 is a carbon containing group with one (1) to ten (10) carbons.
• Amines can also include polyamines such as diamines and triamines. Diamines could also be described as having the R 1 NH2 formula but R 1 itself includes another NH2 group.
• the general formula of a diamine is therefore NH2R 2 NH 2 , where R 2 is a carbon containing group.
• Illustrative diamines can include those with two carbons (e.g., ethylene diamine (H2N(CH2)2NH2), three carbons (e.g., 1,2- diaminopropane (H2NCH2CH(NH2)C3 ⁇ 4), or 1,3-diaminopropane (H2N(CH2)3 H2)), etc.
• Amines can be reacted with a fluorinated compound in water, alcohol, or a combination thereof.
• the amount of ammonia, amine or combination thereof (referred to herein as "ammonia/amine” when considering molar ratios or amounts of moles) reacted with the fluorinated compound can also be described by the molar ratio of the ammonia/amine to the fluorinated compound.
• the moles of ammonia/amine to the amount of moles of fluorinated compound can be not less than 1 moles to 1 moles (1 : 1), not less than 2 moles to 1 moles (2: 1), not less than 4 moles to 1 moles (4: 1), or not less than 5 moles to 1 moles (5: 1).
• the moles of ammonia/amine to the amount of moles of fluorinated compound can be not greater than 10 moles to 1 moles (10: 1), not greater than 8 moles to 1 moles (8: 1), not greater than 5 moles to 1 moles (5 : 1), or not greater than 4 moles to 1 moles (4: 1).
• the ammonia, amine or combinations thereof can be reacted in a solution that contains only water, only alcohol (one or more), only inert solvent(s), or a solution that contains water and one or more alcohols.
• Inert solvents can include non-reactive solvents such as inert fluorinated (either partially fluorinated or perfluorinated) solvents, supercritical liquids or gases, for example supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2), or other such solvents.
• a solution that contains one or more alcohols (and optionally water) can be referred to herein as an alcoholic solution.
• a solution that contains water (and optionally one or more alcohols) can be referred to as an aqueous solution.
• reaction conditions can be controlled and/or modified when carrying out various disclosed methods.
• reaction conditions can include, for example temperature and pressure.
• methods can be carried out at a temperature less than room temperature, e.g., 0 °C or greater.
• methods can be carried out under an increased temperature (e.g. not less than room temperature, about 25 °C), for example.
• reacting a fluorinated compound with an amine, ammonia, or combinations thereof can be carried out at temperatures of not less than 25 °C, not less than 50 °C, not less than 100 °C, or not less than 150 °C, for example.
• reacting a fluorinated compound with an amine, ammonia, or combinations thereof can be carried out at temperatures of not greater than 300 °C, not greater than 250 °C, not greater than 200 °C, not greater than 50 °C, or not greater than 45 °C.
• methods can be carried out under an increased pressure (e.g., greater than atmospheric temperature, about 1 bar), for example.
• disclosed methods can be carried out at pressures not greater than 20 bar (e.g., ⁇ 20 bar), or in some embodiments not greater than 5 bar (e.g., ⁇ 5 bar).
• disclosed methods can be carried out at pressures not less than 1 bar (e.g., > 1 bar).
• Disclosed methods can be carried out using known synthesis methods, processes, reaction vessels and other standard equipment. Disclosed methods can be carried out in a batch mode, in a continuous mode (e.g., a flow reactor), or a combination thereof.
• Disclosed methods convert fluorinated compounds, such as fluorinated vinyl ether containing compounds into saturated partially fluorinated ether containing compounds.
• the specific partially fluorinated ether containing compounds produced can depend, at least in part on the specific ammonia or amine reactants utilized, the solution (e.g., aqueous, alcoholic, or combinations thereof) that the reaction takes place in, the reaction conditions, or any combination thereof.
• Scheme 1 represents a specific example of a fluorinated compound and a specific partially fluorinated ether containing compound that could be produced using disclosed methods.
• the particular example illustrated by Scheme 1 includes use of ammonia in aqueous solution with an increased temperature.
• the reaction that is illustrated by Scheme 1 generally decreases the number of carbons in the carbon chain. More specifically, it can be described as converting a - CF2OCFCF2 group in the fluorinated vinyl ether into a hydrogen (H) in the saturated partially fluorinated ethe
• Scheme 2 represents a specific example of a fluorinated compound and a specific partially fluorinated ether containing compound that could be produced using disclosed methods.
• the particular example illustrated by Scheme 2 includes use of a diamine in aqueous solution with an increased temperature. It should be noted that these reagents and conditions are offered merely as an
• Scheme 3 represents a specific example of a fluorinated compound and a specific partially fluorinated ether containing compound that could be produced using disclosed methods.
• the particular example illustrated by Scheme 3 includes use of ammonia in an alcoholic solution.
• the reaction noted in Scheme 3 can be carried out at various temperatures, including for example from 0 °C to 45 °C. It should be noted that these reagents and conditions are offered merely as an example.
• Some illustrative embodiments include methods of converting a fluorinated vinyl ether to a saturated partially fluorinated ether, the method comprising: reacting the fluorinated vinyl ether with an amine, ammonia, or combination thereof to form the saturated partially fluorinated ether.
• such methods refer to the illustrative method immediately above as well as any other methods disclosed in this paragraph.
• the fluorinated vinyl ether comprises 1, l,l,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-( ⁇ 1, 1, 1,2,3, 3-hexafluoro-3-[(trifluoroethenyl)oxy]propan-2- yl ⁇ oxy)propane, which is also known as PPVE-2.
• Such methods wherein the ammonia, amine or combination thereof is present in a molar ratio of from about 1: 1 to about 10: 1 of the moles of the fluorinated vinyl ether.
• Such methods wherein the ammonia, diamine or combination thereof is present in a molar ratio of from about 4: 1 to about 8: 1 of the moles of the fluorinated vinyl ether.
• Such methods wherein the reaction occurs at a temperature from about 0 °C to 250 °C.
• Such methods wherein the reaction occurs at a temperature from about 25 °C to 200 °C.
• Such methods wherein the reaction occurs at a temperature from about 50 °C to 200 °C.
• Such methods wherein the reaction takes place in an aqueous solution.
• Such methods wherein the reaction takes place in a solution that contains water but no alcohol.
• Such methods wherein the fluorinated vinyl ether is reacted with ammonia.
• Such methods wherein the fluorinated vinyl ether is reacted with an amine. Such methods, wherein the fluorinated vinyl ether is reacted with a diamine. Such methods, wherein the saturated partially fluorinated ether has less carbons than the fluorinated vinyl ether. Such methods, wherein the fluorinated vinyl ether comprises a - CF2OCFCF2 group that is converted to a hydrogen (H) in the saturated partially fluorinated ether. Such methods, wherein the reaction occurs in an alcoholic solution. Such methods, wherein the reaction occurs in a solution that contains one or more alcohols but no water.
• Such methods wherein the reaction takes place in a solution comprising methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or combinations thereof.
• Such methods wherein the ammonia, amine or combination thereof is present in a molar ratio of from about 1 : 1 to about 5 : 1 of the moles of the fluorinated vinyl ether.
• Such methods wherein the ammonia, amine or combination thereof is present in a molar ratio of from about 2: 1 to about 4: 1 of the moles of the fluorinated vinyl ether.
• Such methods wherein the reaction occurs at a temperature from about 0 °C to about 50 °C.
• Such methods wherein the reaction occurs at a temperature from about 20 °C to 45 °C.
• NMR spectra were obtained on a JEOL ECX 400 spectrometer operating at 400 MHz for 3 ⁇ 4 (TMS), 376 MHz for 19 F (CFC1 3 ) and 100 MHz for 1 C (TMS) at 22 °C. The yields were obtained by the weighed quantity of sample and the determined molar/weight ratio.
• PPVE-2 (42.3 g, 0.1 mol) and a solution of ammonia/water (89.5 g of a 28-30 % solution, 0.74 mol) were added to a steel autoclave (300 mL) equipped with a stir bar.
• the reaction mixture was heated upon intensive mixing at 160 to 165 °C for 12 h. After cooling to room temperature, the gaseous products were removed.
• the liquid residue of the autoclave (bottom layer) was separated and washed with water (3 x 25 mL) to neutral pH, dried over Na 2 S04, and consisted of practically pure C3F7-O-CFH-CF3.
• the yield of C3F7-O-CFH-CF3 (molecular weight 286.0 g/mol) was 50 % (15.3 g, 0.05 mol), confirmed by NMR.
• the amount of PPVE-2 used was (14.4 g, 33 mmol); instead of a solution of ammonia/water, a solution of ammonia in ethanol was used (39.3 g of a 2 M solution in ethanol, 0.1 mol); and the reactor was heated to 45 °C.
• the amount of PPVE-2 used was (29.1 g, 0.07 mol); and instead of a solution of ammonia water, a solution of ethylene diamine in water was used (30 % (w/w), 30.0 g (0.5 mol) of ethylene diamine in 105 mL water,).
• Embodiment 1 fluorinated vinyl ether to a saturated partially fluorinated ether, the method comprising: reacting the fluorinated vinyl ether with an amine, ammonia, or combination thereof to form the saturated partially fluorinated ether.
• Embodiment 2 The method according to embodiment 1, wherein the fluorinated vinyl ether comprises l,l,l,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-( ⁇ l,l,l,2,3,3-hexafluoro-3-[(trifluoroethenyl)oxy]propan-2-yl ⁇ oxy)propane.
• Embodiment 3 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 or 2, wherein the ammonia, amine or combination thereof is present in a molar ratio of from about 1: 1 to about 10: 1 of the moles of the fluorinated vinyl ether.
• Embodiment 4 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 3, wherein the ammonia, diamine or combination thereof is present in a molar ratio of from about 4: 1 to about 8: 1 of the moles of the fluorinated vinyl ether.
• Embodiment 5 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 4, wherein the reaction occurs at a temperature from about 0 °C to 250 °C.
• Embodiment 6 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 5, wherein the reaction occurs at a temperature from about 25 °C to 200 °C.
• Embodiment 7 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 6, wherein the reaction occurs at a temperature from about 50 °C to 200 °C.
• Embodiment 8 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the reaction takes place in an aqueous solution.
• Embodiment 9 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7, wherein the reaction takes place in a solution that contains water but no alcohol.
• Embodiment 10 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 9, wherein the fluorinated vinyl ether is reacted with ammonia.
• Embodiment 11 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 10, wherein the fluorinated vinyl ether is reacted with an amine.
• Embodiment 12 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 11, wherein the fluonnated vinyl ether is reacted with a diamine.
• Embodiment 13 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 12, wherein the saturated partially fluonnated ether has less carbons than the fluorinated vinyl ether.
• Embodiment 14 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 13, wherein the fluorinated vinyl ether comprises a -CF2OCFCF2 group that is converted to a hydrogen (H) in the saturated partially fluorinated ether.
• Embodiment 15 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 14, wherein the reaction occurs in an alcoholic solution.
• Embodiment 16 The method according to any one of embodiments 1 to 7 or 10 to 15, wherein the reaction occurs in a solution that contains one or more alcohols but no water.
• Embodiment 17 The method according to embodiments 1 to 8 or 10 to 16, wherein the reaction takes place in a solution comprising methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or combinations thereof.
• Embodiment 18 The method according to any one of embodiments 15 to 17, wherein the ammonia, amine or combination thereof is present in a molar ratio of from about 1 : 1 to about 5 : 1 of the moles of the fluorinated vinyl ether.
• Embodiment 19 The method according to any one of embodiments 15 to 18, wherein the ammonia, amine or combination thereof is present in a molar ratio of from about 2: 1 to about 4: 1 of the moles of the fluorinated vinyl ether.
• Embodiment 20 The method according to any one of embodiments 15 to 19, wherein the reaction occurs at a temperature from about 0 °C to about 50 °C.
• Embodiment 21 The method according to any one of embodiments 15 to 20, wherein the reaction occurs at a temperature from about 20 °C to 45 °C.
• Embodiment 22 The method according to any one of embodiments 15 to 21, wherein the saturated partially fluorinated ether comprises C3F70CF(CF3)CF20CFHCF2C2Hs,

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