WO2017104687A1 - セロオリゴ糖の製造方法 - Google Patents
セロオリゴ糖の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017104687A1 WO2017104687A1 PCT/JP2016/087161 JP2016087161W WO2017104687A1 WO 2017104687 A1 WO2017104687 A1 WO 2017104687A1 JP 2016087161 W JP2016087161 W JP 2016087161W WO 2017104687 A1 WO2017104687 A1 WO 2017104687A1
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- reaction temperature
- cellooligosaccharide
- producing
- reaction
- temperature
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- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-ZWSAEMDYSA-N cellotriose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-ZWSAEMDYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 65
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- -1 water vapor activated activated carbon Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 25
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 25
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 24
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 20
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
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- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 13
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-hydroxymethylfurfural Chemical compound OCC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 NOEGNKMFWQHSLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxymethylfurfural Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=O)O1 RJGBSYZFOCAGQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 description 2
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N D-Cellobiose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-CUHNMECISA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000010335 hydrothermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000218631 Coniferophyta Species 0.000 description 1
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- 229920002488 Hemicellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 240000000797 Hibiscus cannabinus Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000758791 Juglandaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005903 acid hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OCIBBXPLUVYKCH-FYTDUCIRSA-N beta-D-cellohexaose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]3[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]4[C@H](O[C@@H](O[C@@H]5[C@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]5O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]4O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]3O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O OCIBBXPLUVYKCH-FYTDUCIRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- OCIBBXPLUVYKCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N cellopentanose Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(OC2C(OC(OC3C(OC(OC4C(OC(OC5C(OC(O)C(O)C5O)CO)C(O)C4O)CO)C(O)C3O)CO)C(O)C2O)CO)C(O)C1O OCIBBXPLUVYKCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000010794 food waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013538 functional additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 229930182470 glycoside Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hypochlorous acid Chemical compound ClO QWPPOHNGKGFGJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013067 intermediate product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000003020 moisturizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002772 monosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
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- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/02—Oxycellulose; Hydrocellulose; Cellulosehydrate, e.g. microcrystalline cellulose
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
- B09B3/45—Steam treatment, e.g. supercritical water gasification or oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H1/00—Processes for the preparation of sugar derivatives
- C07H1/06—Separation; Purification
- C07H1/08—Separation; Purification from natural products
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07H—SUGARS; DERIVATIVES THEREOF; NUCLEOSIDES; NUCLEOTIDES; NUCLEIC ACIDS
- C07H3/00—Compounds containing only hydrogen atoms and saccharide radicals having only carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms
- C07H3/06—Oligosaccharides, i.e. having three to five saccharide radicals attached to each other by glycosidic linkages
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13B—PRODUCTION OF SUCROSE; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- C13B10/00—Production of sugar juices
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C13—SUGAR INDUSTRY
- C13K—SACCHARIDES OBTAINED FROM NATURAL SOURCES OR BY HYDROLYSIS OF NATURALLY OCCURRING DISACCHARIDES, OLIGOSACCHARIDES OR POLYSACCHARIDES
- C13K13/00—Sugars not otherwise provided for in this class
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07B—GENERAL METHODS OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C07B61/00—Other general methods
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a cellooligosaccharide containing an oligomer having a polymerization degree of glucose of 3 to 6 by a hydrolysis reaction of plant biomass using a carbon catalyst.
- Cellooligosaccharides are oligosaccharides polymerized by ⁇ 1,4 bonding of glucose, and have recently been found to have functionality such as moisturizing, stickiness suppression, taste imparting, starch aging reduction, and protein denaturation suppression. Expected to be used in the food and feed fields. In particular, cellooligosaccharides having a degree of polymerization of glucose of 3 or more are expected to increase in terms of the increase in functionality and the provision of new functionality.
- a hydrothermal treatment method Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2011-068578 (US2012 / 232264A1); Patent Document 2, International Publication No. 2011/036955 Pamphlet (US9144785B2)); Patent Document 3, International Publication No. 2012/128055 pamphlet (US9284614B2); Patent Document 4
- hydrothermal treatment method using oxidized water containing hypochlorous acid Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2006-320261; Patent Document 5
- cellooligosaccharide is handled as an intermediate product in the process of decomposing cellulose into glucose, and specific data such as yield is not disclosed.
- a method for industrially efficiently producing an oligomer having a polymerization degree of glucose of 3 to 6 has not been established.
- a desired product slightly contained in a hydrolysis reaction solution mainly composed of glucose is purified. And it was only manufactured. From the above, it is desired to establish a production method capable of obtaining cellooligosaccharides containing oligomers having a polymerization degree of glucose of 3 (cellotriose) to 6 which are not currently industrially produced in high yield.
- JP 2009-189293 A JP 2011-068578 A (US2012 / 232264A1) International Publication No. 2011/036955 Pamphlet (US9144785B2) International Publication No. 2012/128055 (US9284614B2) JP 2006-320261 A
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a cellooligosaccharide containing an oligomer having a polymerization degree of glucose of 3 to 6 in a method for hydrolyzing plant biomass using a carbon catalyst.
- the present inventors controlled the rate of temperature rise, the rate of cooling, the reaction temperature, and the reaction time to cause a hydrothermal reaction so that the degree of polymerization of glucose is 3 to 3. It has been found that cellooligosaccharides containing 6 oligomers can be produced, and the present invention has been completed.
- the present invention relates to the following methods for producing cellooligosaccharides [1] to [9].
- [1] The temperature time in the range of 170 to 230 ° C. in the graph showing the relationship between the reaction temperature (vertical axis) and the reaction time (horizontal axis) for the reaction of heat hydrolysis in the presence of plant biomass, carbon catalyst and water.
- the maximum reaction temperature (X) and the maximum reaction temperature holding time (Y) are expressed by the following formulas (1) to (3): (In the formula, X represents the maximum reaction temperature (° C.), and Y represents the retention time (minute) at the maximum reaction temperature.) 2.
- cellooligosaccharide containing an oligomer having a polymerization degree of glucose of 3 to 6 can be produced from plant biomass using a carbon catalyst.
- FIG. 2 is a graph schematically showing the temperature transition of a hydrolysis reaction with a maximum reaction temperature of less than 230 ° C., where the horizontal axis represents time (minutes) and the vertical axis represents temperature (° C.), in the range of 170 to 230 ° C.
- the temperature-time product (° C / min) is shown by shading.
- FIG. 5 is a graph schematically showing a temperature transition of a hydrolysis reaction in which the maximum reaction temperature exceeds 230 ° C., the horizontal axis indicates time (minutes), the vertical axis indicates temperature (° C.), and ranges from 170 to 230 ° C.
- the temperature-time product (° C / min) is shown by shading.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing results (results of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12) according to the present invention in which the reaction temperature was changed using steam activated activated carbon (BA50, SD50) and drug activated activated carbon (Zn60). .
- Biomass generally refers to “renewable organism-derived organic resources excluding fossil resources”, but “plant biomass” used in the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as solid substrate).
- plant biomass used in the present invention (hereinafter sometimes referred to as solid substrate).
- Plant biomass can be used either purified or unpurified. As refined treatment, after subjecting it to alkaline steaming, alkaline sulfite steaming, neutral sulfite steaming, alkaline sodium sulfide steaming, ammonia steaming, etc., solid-liquid separation and washing with water, The thing containing a cellulose is mentioned. Further, cellulose prepared industrially may be used. Plant biomass may contain ash such as silicon, aluminum, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium derived from raw materials as impurities.
- Plant biomass may be dry or wet, and may be crystalline or non-crystalline.
- the plant biomass is desirably pulverized prior to the reaction.
- the contact property with the solid catalyst is increased by the pulverization, and the hydrolysis reaction is promoted.
- the shape and size of the plant biomass is preferably suitable for pulverization. Examples of such shapes and sizes include powders having a particle size of 20 to 1000 ⁇ m.
- Solid catalyst is not particularly limited as long as it can catalyze the hydrolysis of plant biomass, but is representative of ⁇ -1,4 glycosidic bonds between glucose forming the main component cellulose.
- a carbon material having an activity of hydrolyzing a glycoside bond is preferred.
- Examples of the carbon material include activated carbon, carbon black, graphite, and air-oxidized wood powder. These carbon materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the shape of the carbon material is preferably porous and / or fine particles in terms of improving reactivity by expanding the contact area with the substrate, and in terms of promoting acid hydrolysis by expressing acid sites.
- a carbon material having a functional group such as a phenolic hydroxyl group, a carboxyl group, a sulfo group, or a phosphate group on its surface is preferred.
- Porous carbon materials with functional groups on the surface include woody materials such as coconut husk, eucalyptus, bamboo, pine, walnuts, bagasse, coke, phenol, etc. using gas such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, air, etc.
- woody materials such as coconut husk, eucalyptus, bamboo, pine, walnuts, bagasse, coke, phenol, etc. using gas such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, air, etc.
- Examples include activated carbon prepared by a treatment method (physical method) and a high-temperature treatment method (chemical method) using a chemical such as alkali or zinc chloride.
- the carbon material which heat-processed the wood material and activated carbon uniformly in air presence (air-oxidized) is also mentioned.
- [Crushing plant biomass] Cellulose, which is the main component of plant biomass, exhibits crystallinity by binding two or more cellulose molecules by hydrogen bonding.
- cellulose having such crystallinity can be used as a raw material as it is, but it is preferable to use cellulose that has been subjected to a crystallinity reduction treatment to reduce crystallinity.
- Cellulose with reduced crystallinity may be partially reduced in crystallinity or completely or almost completely lost.
- the crystallinity reduction process which can cut
- Examples of a method for physically breaking hydrogen bonds between cellulose molecules include pulverization.
- the pulverizing means is not particularly limited as long as it has a function capable of being pulverized.
- the pulverizing apparatus may be either dry or wet, and the pulverizing system of the apparatus may be batch or continuous.
- the crushing force of the apparatus can be any of impact, compression, shear, friction and the like.
- Equipment used for pulverization includes rolling ball mills such as pot mills, tube mills, conical mills, vibration ball mills such as circular vibration type vibration mills, swivel type vibration mills, centrifugal mills, stirring tank mills, annular mills, flow type mills, tower type Stirrer mills such as pulverizers, swirl type jet mills, impingement type jet mills, fluidized bed type jet mills, wet type jet mills and other jet pulverizers, rough mills (crushers), shear mills such as ong mills, and mortars , Impact mills such as colloid mills, stone mills, hammer mills, cage mills, pin mills, disintegrators, screen mills, turbo mills, centrifugal classification mills, and other types of mills that employ rotation and revolving motions.
- An example is a planetary ball mill.
- the reaction of hydrolyzing plant biomass using a carbon catalyst is a reaction between a solid substrate and a solid catalyst. Since the contact between the substrate and the catalyst becomes rate-limiting, as a method for improving the reactivity, the solid substrate and the solid catalyst are preliminarily used. It is effective to mix and perform simultaneous grinding.
- the simultaneous pulverization treatment can also serve as a pretreatment for reducing the crystallinity of the substrate in addition to the mixing. From this point of view, the pulverizer used is preferably a rolling ball mill, a vibrating ball mill, a stirring mill, or a planetary ball mill used for pretreatment for reducing the crystallinity of the substrate, and is classified as a pot mill or a stirring mill classified as a rolling ball mill.
- a stirred tank mill and a planetary ball mill are more preferable. Furthermore, since a tendency of higher reactivity is observed in the raw material having a larger bulk density obtained by simultaneous pulverization of the solid catalyst and the solid substrate, a compressive force that causes the pulverized solid catalyst and the pulverized solid substrate to bite in. It is more preferable to use a rolling ball mill, a stirring mill, or a planetary ball mill to which is strongly applied.
- the raw material obtained by simultaneously pulverizing the solid substrate and the catalyst individually pulverized is the average particle diameter after pulverization (cumulative median diameter (median diameter)):
- the particle diameter (D50) at the point of 50% is 1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 1 to 20 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of further improving the reactivity.
- the particle size of the raw material to be pulverized is large, it is preferable to perform a preliminary pulverization process before the pulverization in order to efficiently perform the pulverization.
- Preliminary pulverization processes include, for example, coarse pulverizers such as shredders, jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, cone crushers, hammer crushers, roll crushers, and roll mills, stamp mills, edge runners, cutting / shear mills, rod mills, self-pulverizing machines and It can be carried out using a medium pulverizer such as a roller mill.
- coarse pulverizers such as shredders, jaw crushers, gyratory crushers, cone crushers, hammer crushers, roll crushers, and roll mills
- stamp mills stamp mills, edge runners, cutting / shear mills, rod mills, self-pulverizing machines and It can be carried out using a medium pulverizer such as a roller mill.
- the processing time of a raw material will not be specifically limited if the raw material after a process is pulverized uniformly.
- the ratio of the solid catalyst to the solid substrate is not particularly limited in both cases where the substrate is separately pulverized and when the substrate and the catalyst are simultaneously pulverized, but the hydrolysis efficiency during the reaction, the substrate after the reaction, From the viewpoints of residue reduction and product sugar recovery, the solid catalyst is preferably 1 to 100 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the solid substrate.
- the conditions for the hydrolysis reaction to achieve the object of the present invention are as follows.
- the hydrolysis reaction can be carried out at a temperature of 170 to 230 ° C. Unless the effect of the present invention is impaired, the maximum temperature may exceed 230 ° C.
- An area in the range of 170 to 230 ° C. (hereinafter referred to as “temperature-time product at 170 to 230 ° C.”) in the graph (see FIGS. 1 and 2) in which the vertical axis represents the reaction temperature and the horizontal axis represents time is 80.
- a cellooligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of glucose of 3 to 6 can be efficiently obtained when the temperature is ⁇ 365 ° C. ⁇ min.
- the temperature-time product of 170 to 230 ° C. can be obtained by integrating the reaction temperature with time in the range of 170 to 230 ° C., but the heating rate when heating and the cooling rate when cooling In the case of a reaction pattern in which is constant, a temperature-time product can be obtained by the following equation by approximating a trapezoid. When the maximum reaction temperature exceeds 230 ° C., the “maximum reaction temperature” in the above equation is calculated as 230 ° C. (see FIG. 2).
- the hydrolysis reaction is preferably carried out under the condition that the maximum reaction temperature (X) and the maximum reaction temperature holding time (Y) satisfy the relationship represented by the following formulas (1) to (3).
- X represents the maximum reaction temperature (° C.)
- Y represents the retention time (minute) at the maximum reaction temperature.
- the maximum reaction temperature (X) of hydrolysis and the retention time (Y) of the maximum reaction temperature are in the above ranges, decomposition from cellulose to cellooligosaccharide proceeds, and at the same time, decomposition from cellooligosaccharide to glucose and from glucose to 5 -It is preferable because excessive decomposition into hydroxymethylfurfural and the like is suppressed.
- the maximum reaction temperature for hydrolysis is preferably 180 to 200 ° C, more preferably 180 to 190 ° C.
- the rate of temperature rise when heating up to the reaction temperature and the rate of temperature drop when cooling after the completion of heating at the reaction temperature can be performed at a rate in the range of 0.1 to 30 ° C./min, for example. It is more suitable to carry out in the range of 0.2 to 20 ° C./min.
- the temperature is slower than 0.1 ° C./min, the hydrolysis reaction proceeds excessively in the temperature raising process or the cooling process, and when it is faster than 30 ° C./min, the equipment cost is increased due to the increase in equipment capacity.
- the amount of water in the hydrolysis is an amount capable of at least hydrolyzing the cellulose, and considering the fluidity and agitation of the reaction mixture, the mass ratio with respect to the cellulose is preferably in the range of 1 to 500. Can range from 2 to 200.
- Hydrolysis is affected by pH.
- the hydrolysis reaction is preferably performed under the condition of pH 4-7. When the pH is lower than 4, decomposition from cellooligosaccharide to glucose tends to proceed, and when the pH is higher than 7, hydrolysis is inhibited. Therefore, in order to increase the yield of cellooligosaccharide, the pH at the start of the reaction is appropriately adjusted within the above range.
- the hydrolysis atmosphere is not particularly limited. Industrially, it is preferably performed in an air atmosphere, but may be performed in an atmosphere of a gas other than air, for example, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen, or a mixture thereof.
- the cellulose hydrolysis method in the method of the present invention may be either a batch type or a continuous type.
- the batch reaction is performed while stirring the reaction mixture in a closed container such as an autoclave.
- a closed container such as an autoclave.
- the reaction system is heated when the reaction system is heated at the above temperature.
- the reaction can be carried out by pressurizing the inside of the sealed container before or during the reaction.
- the pressure to be applied is, for example, 0.1 to 30 MPa, preferably 1 to 20 MPa, and more preferably 2 to 10 MPa.
- the hydrolysis reaction is preferably completed when the yield of oligosaccharide having a degree of polymerization of glucose 3 (cellotriose) to 6 is between 10 and 80%.
- the timing varies depending on the heating temperature, the type and amount of catalyst used, the amount of water (ratio to cellulose), the type of cellulose, the stirring method and its conditions, etc. These conditions should be determined by preliminary experiments. Can do.
- Solid catalyst and solid substrate In the following examples and comparative examples, BA50 (manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd.) or SD50 (manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd.) or zinc chloride is used as the solid catalyst.
- ZN60 manufactured by Ajinomoto Fine Techno Co., Ltd.
- Avicel crystalline fine cellulose made by Merck
- Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12 Hydrolysis reaction Using the catalyst and substrate described in Table 1, the mixed pulverized raw material was 0.374 g (2.00 mmol in C 6 H 10 O 5 units) and 40 mL of water, The unground substrate was 0.324 g, 0.050 g of catalyst and 40 mL of water, respectively, in a high-pressure reactor (internal volume 100 mL, autoclave manufactured by OM Lab Tech Co., Hastelloy C22), and then stirred at 600 rpm from room temperature. The reaction temperature shown in Table 1 was heated at 10 to 30 ° C./min (average heating rate 11.3 ° C./min).
- FIG. 3 summarizes the results of Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 12, which were carried out using steam activated activated carbon (BA50, SD50) and drug activated activated carbon (Zn60) at different reaction temperatures and holding times.
- the marker “ ⁇ ” indicates that the yield of oligomers having a polymerization degree of glucose of 3 to 6 is 50% or more
- “x” indicates that the yield of oligomers having a polymerization degree of glucose of 3 to 6 is less than 50%.
- reaction temperature 200 ° C. reaction time 3 60% in minutes (Example 1), 190% at 190 ° C, 61% in 15 minutes (Example 2), 190 ° C, 64% in 5 minutes (Example 3), 69% in 180 ° C, 20 minutes (Example 4) It was confirmed that a high yield of 60% or more can be obtained by applying an appropriate reaction time at about 200 ° C. or less.
- a cellooligosaccharide having a polymerization degree of 3 to 6 of glucose which has not been industrially produced by the hydrolysis method of plant biomass using a carbon catalyst until now, can be produced. More highly functional additives can be provided in the feed field.
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Abstract
Description
特に、グルコースの重合度が3以上のセロオリゴ糖は、上記の機能性の増大、新たな機能性賦与という点でより大きな期待が寄せられている。
以上のことから、現状工業生産されていないグルコースの重合度が3(セロトリオース)~6のオリゴマーを含有するセロオリゴ糖が高収率で得られる製造方法の確立が望まれている。
[1] 植物性バイオマス、炭素触媒及び水を共存させ加熱加水分解する反応を、反応温度(縦軸)と反応時間(横軸)との関係を表すグラフにおける170~230℃の範囲の温度時間積が80~365℃・分の条件で行うことを特徴とする重合度3~6のオリゴマーを含有するセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
[2] 最高反応温度(X)と最高反応温度の保持時間(Y)とが下記の式(1)~(3):
で示される関係を満たす前項1に記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
[3] 前記最高反応温度に加温するときの昇温速度、及び前記最高反応温度から冷却するときの冷却速度が0.1~30℃/分である前項1または2に記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
[4] 炭素触媒が活性炭である前項1~3のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
[5] 炭素触媒が水蒸気賦活活性炭である前項1~4のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
[6] 炭素触媒が空気酸化した水蒸気賦活活性炭及び/または空気酸化した薬剤賦活活性炭である前項1~4のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
[7] 植物性バイオマスと炭素触媒を予め混合して粉砕したものを原料に用いる前項1~6のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
[8] 予め粉砕した植物性バイオマスを原料に用いる前項1~7のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
[9] グルコースの重合度3~6のオリゴ糖の収率が50~80%となる時点で反応を終了する前項1~8のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
バイオマスとは一般的には「再生可能な生物由来の有機性資源で化石資源を除いたもの」を指すが、本発明で使用する「植物性バイオマス」(以下、固体基質ということがある。)は、例えば、稲わら、麦わら、サトウキビわら、籾殻、バガス、広葉樹、竹、針葉樹、ケナフ、家具廃材、建築廃材、古紙、食品残渣等の主にセルロースやヘミセルロースを含むバイオマスである。
植物性バイオマスは、不純物として原料由来の珪素、アルミニウム、カルシウム、マグネシウム、カリウム、ナトリウムなどの灰分を含有してもよい。
固体触媒は、植物性バイオマスの加水分解を触媒できるものであればよく、特に限定されるものではないが、主成分であるセルロースを形成しているグルコース間のβ-1,4グリコシド結合に代表されるグリコシド結合を加水分解する活性を有する炭素材料が好ましい。
植物性バイオマスの主成分であるセルロースは、2本またはそれ以上のセルロース分子が水素結合により結合して結晶性を示す。本発明では、そのような結晶性を有するセルロースをそのまま原料として使用することができるが、結晶性低下処理を施して結晶性を低下させたセルロースを用いることが好ましい。結晶性を低下させたセルロースは、結晶性を部分的に低下させたものでも、完全にまたはほぼ完全に消失させたものでもよい。結晶性低下処理の種類には特に制限はないが、上記水素結合を切断して、1本鎖のセルロース分子を少なくとも部分的に生成できる結晶性低下処理が好ましい。少なくとも部分的に1本鎖のセルロース分子を含むセルロースを原料とすることで、加水分解の効率を大幅に向上することができる。
同時粉砕処理は、混合に加え、基質の結晶性を低下させる前処理を兼ねることができる。その観点から、用いる粉砕装置は、基質の結晶性を低下させる前処理に用いられる、転動ボールミル、振動ボールミル、撹拌ミル、遊星ボールミルが好ましく、転動ボールミルに分類されるポットミル、撹拌ミルに分類される撹拌槽ミル、遊星ボールミルがより好ましい。さらに、固体触媒と固体基質とを同時粉砕処理した嵩密度の大きい原料の方が反応性が高い傾向が認められることから、固体触媒の粉砕物と固体基質の粉砕物とが食い込むような圧縮力が強く加わる転動ボールミル、撹拌ミル、遊星ボールミルを用いることがさらに好ましい。
微粉砕処理する原料の粒径が大きい場合は、微粉砕を効率的に行うために、微粉砕の前に予備的粉砕処理を行うことが好ましい。予備的粉砕処理は、例えば、シュレッダー、ジョークラッシャー、ジャイレトリクラッシャー、コーンクラッシャー、ハンマークラッシャー、ロールクラッシャー、及びロールミルなどの粗粉砕機、スタンプミル、エッジランナ、切断・せん断ミル、ロッドミル、自生粉砕機及びローラミルなどの中粉砕機を用いて実施することができる。原料の処理時間は、処理後原料が均一に微粉化されるのであれば特に限定されない。
植物性バイオマスを基質として、グルコースの重合度が3~6のオリゴマーを含有するセロオリゴ糖を生成する加水分解反応は、基質を触媒と水の存在下、好ましくは加圧状態となる温度で加熱して行う。
加熱によりセルロースはセロオリゴ糖を経て単糖であるグルコースへと分解され、さらに反応が進むと5-ヒドロキシメチルフルフラールなどの過分解物が生成する。したがって、本発明の目的を達成するためには、セルロースがセロオリゴ糖に分解されるが、その後セロオリゴ糖がグルコースへ分解されない条件で加水分解反応を行うことが必要である。
加水分解反応は170~230℃の温度で実施することができる。本発明の効果を損なわない限り、最高温度は230℃を超えるときがあってもよい。
縦軸に反応温度、横軸に時間を表した図(図1及び図2参照)における170~230℃の範囲の面積(以下、「170~230℃の温度時間積」という。)が、80~365℃・分であるとグルコースの重合度が3~6のセロオリゴ糖を効率よく得ることができる。なかでも80~300℃・分が好ましく、80~250℃・分がより好ましい。
なお、170~230℃の温度時間積は、170~230℃の範囲において、反応温度を時間で積分することにより求めることができるが、加温するときの昇温速度及び冷却するときの冷却速度が一定である反応パターンの場合には、台形に近似して下記式により温度時間積を求めることができる。
なかでも好ましい加水分解の最高反応温度は180~200℃であり、より好ましくは180~190℃の範囲である。
なお、加水分解はpHの影響を受ける。本発明では、pH4~7の条件で加水分解反応を行うことが好ましい。pHが4より低いとセロオリゴ糖からグルコースへの分解が進みやすくなり、pHが7より高いと加水分解が阻害される。したがって、セロオリゴ糖の収率を上げるために反応開始時のpHを上記の範囲に適宜調整しておく。
以下の実施例及び比較例では、固体触媒として水蒸気賦活活性炭であるBA50(味の素ファインテクノ(株)製)若しくはSD50(味の素ファインテクノ(株)製)、または塩化亜鉛による薬剤賦活活性炭であるZN60(味の素ファインテクノ(株)製)を、また固体基質としてはAvicel(Merck社製結晶性微粉セルロース)を、それぞれ直接用いるか、以下の(2)の方法で粉砕処理したものを用いた。
固体基質としてのAvicel(Merck社製結晶性微粉セルロース)10.00gと、固体触媒1.54g(基質と触媒の質量比6.5:1.0)を、容量3600mLのセラミックポットミルの中に直径1.5cmのアルミナ球2000gと共に入れた。このセラミックポットミルを卓上ポットミル回転台(日陶科学(株)製,卓上ポットミル型式ANZ-51S)にセットし、60rpmで48時間ボールミル処理して混合同時粉砕した。得られた原料を、以下、混合粉砕原料と略記する。
表1に記載の触媒と基質を用い、混合粉砕原料は0.374g(C6H10O5単位で2.00mmol)と水40mL、未粉砕基質はそれぞれ0.324gと触媒0.050gと水40mLを、高圧反応器(内容積100mL,オーエムラボテック(株)製オートクレーブ,ハステロイC22製)に入れた後、600rpmで撹拌しながら室温から表1に記載の反応温度まで10~30℃/分(平均昇温速度11.3℃/分)で加熱した。反応最高温度に到達するとその温度で表1に記載の時間保持して後に加熱を止め、反応器を10~30℃/分(平均降温速度16.7℃/分)で風冷し、冷却後、反応液を遠心分離装置により液体と固体に分離して上清サンプルの分析を行った。なお、反応時間が「0分」とは、反応最高温度に到達した瞬間から冷却を行うことを意味する。
固形分を除去した液相サンプルの生成物は、(株)島津製作所製高速液体クロマトグラフ(条件1 カラム:Shodex(登録商標)SH-1011,移動相:水0.5mL/min,50℃,検出:示差屈折率)によりグルコース、セロビオースからセロヘキサオースまでのオリゴ糖を定量分析した。
結果を表1に示す。
Claims (9)
- 植物性バイオマス、炭素触媒及び水を共存させ加熱加水分解する反応を、反応温度(縦軸)と反応時間(横軸)との関係を表すグラフにおける170~230℃の範囲の温度時間積が80~365℃・分の条件で行うことを特徴とする重合度3~6のオリゴマーを含有するセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
- 前記最高反応温度に加温するときの昇温速度、及び前記最高反応温度から冷却するときの冷却速度が0.1~30℃/分である請求項1または2に記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
- 炭素触媒が活性炭である請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
- 炭素触媒が水蒸気賦活活性炭である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
- 炭素触媒が空気酸化した水蒸気賦活活性炭及び/または空気酸化した薬剤賦活活性炭である請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
- 植物性バイオマスと炭素触媒を予め混合して粉砕したものを原料に用いる請求項1~6のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
- 予め粉砕した植物性バイオマスを原料に用いる請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
- グルコースの重合度3~6のオリゴ糖の収率が50~80%となる時点で反応を終了する請求項1~8のいずれかに記載のセロオリゴ糖の製造方法。
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JP2020045305A (ja) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-26 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | セロオリゴ糖の製造方法 |
WO2020255933A1 (ja) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-24 | 昭和電工株式会社 | セロオリゴ糖を含む植物活力剤及びその使用 |
WO2020255934A1 (ja) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-24 | 昭和電工株式会社 | アミノ酸又はその塩とオリゴ糖を含む植物活力剤ならびにその使用 |
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KR20220009448A (ko) | 2019-06-17 | 2022-01-24 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 외생 엘리시터 및 내생 엘리시터를 포함하는 식물 활력제 및 그 사용 |
WO2022202296A1 (ja) | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-29 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 展着剤、肥料組成物、及び農業用薬剤組成物 |
KR20230005373A (ko) | 2020-06-29 | 2023-01-09 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 식물 재배 방법 및 식물활력제 |
TWI840572B (zh) | 2019-06-17 | 2024-05-01 | 日商力森諾科股份有限公司 | 含有纖維寡醣之植物活力劑及其使用 |
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CN113637037A (zh) * | 2021-08-18 | 2021-11-12 | 华南农业大学 | 一种寡聚葡萄糖及其制备方法 |
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- 2016-12-14 US US15/779,986 patent/US20180362669A1/en not_active Abandoned
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JP2020045305A (ja) * | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-26 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | セロオリゴ糖の製造方法 |
JP7191313B2 (ja) | 2018-09-18 | 2022-12-19 | 国立大学法人北海道大学 | セロオリゴ糖の製造方法 |
WO2020255933A1 (ja) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-24 | 昭和電工株式会社 | セロオリゴ糖を含む植物活力剤及びその使用 |
WO2020255934A1 (ja) | 2019-06-17 | 2020-12-24 | 昭和電工株式会社 | アミノ酸又はその塩とオリゴ糖を含む植物活力剤ならびにその使用 |
KR20210151190A (ko) | 2019-06-17 | 2021-12-13 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 아미노산 또는 그 염과 올리고당을 포함하는 식물 활력제 및 그 사용 |
KR20210151932A (ko) | 2019-06-17 | 2021-12-14 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 셀로올리고당을 포함하는 식물 활력제 및 그 사용 |
KR20220009448A (ko) | 2019-06-17 | 2022-01-24 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 외생 엘리시터 및 내생 엘리시터를 포함하는 식물 활력제 및 그 사용 |
TWI840572B (zh) | 2019-06-17 | 2024-05-01 | 日商力森諾科股份有限公司 | 含有纖維寡醣之植物活力劑及其使用 |
WO2021002181A1 (ja) | 2019-07-02 | 2021-01-07 | 日本エイアンドエル株式会社 | 接着剤用共重合体ラテックスおよび接着剤組成物 |
KR20230005373A (ko) | 2020-06-29 | 2023-01-09 | 쇼와 덴코 가부시키가이샤 | 식물 재배 방법 및 식물활력제 |
WO2022202296A1 (ja) | 2021-03-23 | 2022-09-29 | 昭和電工株式会社 | 展着剤、肥料組成物、及び農業用薬剤組成物 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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EP3395824A1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
US20180362669A1 (en) | 2018-12-20 |
JP6779505B2 (ja) | 2020-11-04 |
EP3395824A4 (en) | 2019-09-18 |
CN108350011A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
JPWO2017104687A1 (ja) | 2018-10-11 |
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