WO2017084419A1 - 聚酰亚胺纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents

聚酰亚胺纤维及其制备方法 Download PDF

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WO2017084419A1
WO2017084419A1 PCT/CN2016/098426 CN2016098426W WO2017084419A1 WO 2017084419 A1 WO2017084419 A1 WO 2017084419A1 CN 2016098426 W CN2016098426 W CN 2016098426W WO 2017084419 A1 WO2017084419 A1 WO 2017084419A1
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formula
fiber
polyimide fiber
polyamic acid
polyimide
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PCT/CN2016/098426
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English (en)
French (fr)
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邱雪鹏
代学民
李国民
董志鑫
刘芳芳
姬相玲
高连勋
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中国科学院长春应用化学研究所
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Priority to EP16865597.5A priority Critical patent/EP3378976B1/en
Priority to US15/572,464 priority patent/US20180282907A1/en
Publication of WO2017084419A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017084419A1/zh

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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/74Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polycondensates of cyclic compounds, e.g. polyimides, polybenzimidazoles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1003Preparatory processes
    • C08G73/1007Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines
    • C08G73/1028Preparatory processes from tetracarboxylic acids or derivatives and diamines characterised by the process itself, e.g. steps, continuous
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1042Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1057Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain
    • C08G73/1064Polyimides containing other atoms than carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen or oxygen in the main chain containing sulfur
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1067Wholly aromatic polyimides, i.e. having both tetracarboxylic and diamino moieties aromatically bound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/1085Polyimides with diamino moieties or tetracarboxylic segments containing heterocyclic moieties
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/22Polybenzoxazoles
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G75/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing sulfur with or without nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G75/32Polythiazoles; Polythiadiazoles
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/02Preparation of spinning solutions
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D1/00Treatment of filament-forming or like material
    • D01D1/04Melting filament-forming substances
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/02Heat treatment
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/06Wet spinning methods
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01FCHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/78Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from copolycondensation products

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of high performance organic fiber technology, in particular to a polyimide fiber and a preparation method thereof.
  • the diamine and the dianhydride are subjected to a polycondensation reaction to form a polyamic acid solution, and then spun to obtain a polyamic acid fiber.
  • the process is followed by imidization and hot drawing to obtain a polyimide fiber.
  • the one-step method for preparing polyimide fiber has the advantages that the spun raw yarn does not need to be imidized, the process flow is short, and the obtained polyimide fiber has high mechanical properties.
  • the polyimide fiber prepared by the one-step method has the characteristics of high strength and high modulus, it is disadvantageous for the industrial application of the one-step preparation of the polyimide fiber due to the high toxicity of the solvent and the limitation of the polymer structure.
  • the advantage of preparing the polyimide fiber by the two-step method is that it solves the processing problem caused by the insoluble and non-melting of the polyimide, and has many kinds of synthetic raw materials and available solvents, low toxicity, and low solvent residue in the fiber. Suitable for industrial production.
  • the present application provides a polyimide fiber and a preparation method thereof, and the polyimide fiber provided by the invention has high strength and high mold performance, and can be used at a relatively high temperature, which is advantageous for application.
  • the present invention provides a polyimide fiber, which is prepared from a polymer, the polymer comprising a first repeating unit of formula I: -X 1 -Y 1 - Formula I;
  • A is selected from S or O;
  • -X 1 - is selected from one or more of the groups represented by Formula 3 and Formula 4;
  • the polymer further comprises a second repeating unit of formula II: -X 2 -Y 2 - formula II;
  • -G- is selected from -O-, -S-, -CH 2 -,
  • J is selected from O, S or NH
  • the polyimide fiber has a fineness of between 2 dtex and 4 dtex.
  • the polymer has the structure of Formula III, Formula IV, Formula V, Formula VI, Formula VII, Formula VIII, Formula IX, Formula X, Formula XI or Formula XII:
  • the polyamic acid fiber is sequentially subjected to imidization and hot drawing to obtain a polyimide fiber.
  • the diamine compound further comprises one or more of the diamines having the structure of formulas 16-22;
  • J is selected from O, S or NH.
  • the polyamic acid solution has an intrinsic viscosity of between 1.5 dL/g and 3.7 dL/g.
  • the concentration of the polyamic acid solution is from 5 wt% to 35 wt%.
  • the present invention produces a polyimide fiber having a hydroxybenzoxazole or hydroxybenzothiazole structure by a spinning process such as a wet process or a dry spray wet process.
  • the polyimide fiber of the structure of the invention has higher rigidity and can introduce hydrogen bonds to provide molecular chain interaction, thereby affecting the arrangement and crystallinity of molecular chains in the polymer, and imparting more polyimide fibers.
  • Excellent mechanical properties; and the polyimide fiber obtained by the invention has higher glass transition temperature (Tg) and better heat resistance, and is more suitable for application in spacecraft, national defense construction, marine development, Sports equipment, protective equipment, cables, nuclear industry and fire retardant materials.
  • Tg glass transition temperature
  • Figure 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of a finished fiber spun in Example 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a DSC curve of the finished fiber spun in Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is an FT-IR chart of the finished fiber prepared in Example 4 of the present invention.
  • the present invention provides a polyimide fiber prepared from a polymer comprising a first repeating unit of formula I: -X 1 -Y 1 - Formula I; in Formula I, -Y 1 - selected from the group represented by formula 1 or formula 2;
  • A is selected from S or O;
  • -X 1 - is selected from one or more of the groups represented by Formula 3 and Formula 4;
  • the polyimide fiber provided by the invention has the characteristics of high strength and high modulus, excellent mechanical properties, and better heat resistance, and can be used at a relatively high temperature.
  • the polyimide fiber provided by the present invention is prepared from a polymer comprising a first repeating unit represented by Formula I, wherein -Y 1 - is selected from the group represented by Formula 1 or Formula 2, wherein A From S or O.
  • the first repeating unit comprises a hydroxybenzoxazole or a hydroxybenzothiazole structure, which enables the polyimide fiber to have higher rigidity and can introduce a hydrogen bond to provide a molecular chain
  • the interaction affects the alignment and crystallinity of the molecular chains in the polymer, and imparts superior mechanical properties to the polyimide fibers.
  • -X 1 - is selected from one or more of the groups represented by the formula 3 and the formula 4, and the formula 3 has a benzene ring structure, and the formula 4 has a biphenyl structure.
  • t is selected from 0 or 1. When t is 0, two benzene rings are bonded at any position of the 3, 4, 5, and 6 positions by a single bond, preferably at the 3 or 4 position; when t is 1, the two benzene rings are passed through a linking group E. Connected at any of the 3, 4, 5, 6 positions, preferably at the 3 or 4 position. In the present invention, t is preferably 0.
  • -X 1 - is selected from one or more of the groups shown in Formula 3, Formula 4-1, and Formula 4-2.
  • -X 1 - and -Y 1 - are bonded to form a first repeating unit, and -X 1 - may be one kind or plural kinds.
  • -Y 1 - is a group represented by Formula 1
  • -X 1 - may be attached to one end having a hydroxyl group (-OH), or may be attached to the other end having no hydroxyl group, preferably to one end having a hydroxyl group.
  • the first repeating unit has Formula I-1, Formula I-2, Formula I-3, Formula I-4, Formula I-5, Formula I-6, Formula I-7 or Structure of formula I-8:
  • -G- is selected from -O-, -S-, -CH 2 -, It is preferably -O-.
  • J is selected from O, S or NH, preferably from O or S.
  • -X 2 - is selected from one or more of the groups represented by the formula 3 and the formula 4, and the groups represented by the formula 3 and the formula 4 are identical to those described above. No longer.
  • -X 2 - and -X 1 - may be the same or different.
  • -X 2 - and -Y 2 - are bonded to form a second repeating unit, and -X 2 - may be one kind or plural kinds.
  • the second repeating unit has the structure of Formula II-1, Formula II-2, Formula II-3 or Formula II-4:
  • the polymer preferably has the structure of Formula III, Formula IV, Formula V, Formula VI, Formula VII, Formula VIII, Formula IX, Formula X, Formula XI or Formula XII:
  • n, m, l and k are all degrees of polymerization.
  • the polyimide fiber has a fineness between 2 dtex and 4 dtex. Breaking strength of polyimide fiber provided by embodiments of the present invention It may be 2.3 GPa to 4.5 GPa; the modulus may be 105 GPa to 212 GPa; and the elongation at break may be 2.1% to 3.4%. In the present invention, the polyimide fiber may have a glass transition temperature of from 310 ° C to 320 ° C.
  • the dianhydride compound includes one or more of dianhydrides having the structures of Formula 14 and Formula 15;
  • the present invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength high-modulus polyimide fiber, which can be divided into four processes: a spinning solution. Preparation, spinning of polyamic acid fibers, imidization of polyamic acid fibers, and hot drawing of polyimide fibers.
  • a diamine compound and a dianhydride compound are added to a solvent, and the reaction is carried out for a certain period of time to obtain a polyamic acid solution, that is, a pale yellow viscous polyamic acid spinning solution, and the solution can be directly used as a spinning slurry after filtration. .
  • the diamine compound includes a diamine having a structure of Formula 12 or Formula 13.
  • A is selected from S or O; the amino group at both ends may be at any position of the 3, 4, 5, and 6 positions of the benzene ring.
  • the diamine compound may include 6-amino-2-(2-hydroxy-4-aminophenyl)benzoxazole, 5-amino-2-(2-hydroxy-4-aminobenzene)benzone Oxazole, 5-amino-2-(2-hydroxy-5-aminophenyl)benzoxazole, 5-amino-2-(2-hydroxy-4-aminophenyl)benzothiazole and 2,5-di(5 One or more of -amino-2-benzoxazole)-1,4-benzenediol; the structural formula is of formula 12-1, formula 12-2, formula 12-3, formula 12-4, 13-1:
  • the source of the diamine having the structure of Formula 12 or Formula 13 is not particularly limited, and may be a commercially available product or may be obtained by itself.
  • the diamine compound preferably further comprises one or more of the diamines having the structure of the formula 16 to 22, more preferably further comprising one of the diamines having the structure of the formula 16 to 19 or A variety; formulas 16 to 22 are as follows:
  • -G- is selected from -O-, -S-, -CH 2 -, It is preferably -O-.
  • J is selected from O, S or NH, preferably from O or S.
  • the diamine compound further comprises 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether or p-phenylenediamine; the structural formula is:
  • the diamine compound comprises 5-amino-2-(2-hydroxy-4-aminophenyl)benzoxazole and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether. In another embodiment of the invention, the diamine compound comprises 5-amino-2-(2-hydroxy-5-aminophenyl)benzoxazole and p-phenylenediamine. In the present invention, the diamine compound comprises 2,5-bis(5-amino-2-benzoxazole)-1,4-benzenediol and p-phenylenediamine.
  • the diamine compound comprises 5-amino-2-(2-hydroxy-4-aminophenyl)benzoxazole and p-phenylenediamine. Further, the ratio of the amount of the various diamine compounds in the present invention is not particularly limited.
  • the dianhydride compound includes one or more of dianhydrides having a structure of Formula 14 and Formula 15.
  • the dianhydride represented by Formula 14 is pyromellitic dianhydride.
  • t is selected from 0 or 1.
  • two benzene rings are bonded at any position of the 3, 4, 5, and 6 positions by a single bond, preferably at the 3 or 4 position; when t is 1, the two benzene rings are passed through a linking group E. Connected at any of the 3, 4, 5, 6 positions, preferably at the 3 or 4 position.
  • t is preferably 0.
  • the dianhydride compound comprises 4,4'-biphenyl dianhydride and the structural formula is:
  • the dianhydride compound comprises pyromellitic dianhydride. In another embodiment of the invention, the dianhydride compound comprises pyromellitic dianhydride and 4,4'-biphenyl dianhydride. In another embodiment of the invention, the dianhydride compound comprises 4,4'-biphenyl dianhydride and 3,4'-biphenyl dianhydride.
  • the dianhydride compound and the diamine compound are subjected to polymerization to prepare a polyamic acid spinning solution.
  • the molar ratio of the dianhydride compound to the diamine compound is preferably 1: (0.8 to 1.5), more preferably 1: (0.9 to 1.2).
  • the precursor polyamic acid solution is preferably polymerized at -10 ° C to 50 ° C, that is, the temperature of the polymerization reaction is preferably -10 ° C to 50 ° C, more preferably -5 ° C to 40 ° C.
  • a dianhydride and a diamine monomer are polymerized in a solvent to prepare a precursor polyamic acid solution.
  • the solvent used is usually a mixture of one or more of the polar aprotic solvents, preferably from N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide and One or more of N-methylpyrrolidone.
  • the amount of the solvent used in the present invention is not particularly limited; the concentration of the polyamic acid solution is preferably from 5% by weight to 35% by weight, more preferably from 10% by weight to 30% by weight.
  • the polyamic acid solution has an intrinsic viscosity of between 1.5 dL/g and 3.7 dL/g.
  • the present invention carries out a spinning process of a polyamic acid fiber.
  • the spinning solution prepared above is filtered, vacuum defoamed, and then spun by a spinning process such as dry spray wet, wet or dry molding to obtain a polyamic acid fiber.
  • the invention preferably adopts a dry spray wet process or a wet spinning process, wherein the dry spray wet spinning process comprises: filtering the spinning solution prepared above, vacuum defoaming, and spraying from the spinneret by a metering pump
  • the wire hole is extruded, passes through a section of air, enters the coagulation bath, and then passes through a water washing tank, and is dried by a hot roll or hot gas to obtain a polyamic acid fiber.
  • the pore diameter of the spinneret is preferably from ⁇ 0.04 mm to ⁇ 0.4 mm, more preferably from ⁇ 0.05 mm to ⁇ 0.3 mm; the number of holes may be from 10 to 10,000 pores, preferably from 100 to 8,000 pores.
  • the spray ratio is preferably 1.1 to 7.0 times, more preferably 1.5 to 6.0 times, and the extrusion speed may be 5 m/min to 100 m/min, preferably 10 m/min to 80 m/min.
  • the extruded fine fluid may pass through an air layer having a height of 3 mm to 100 mm and then enter a coagulation bath; the height of the air layer is preferably 10 mm to 80 mm.
  • the coagulation bath used in the present invention may be an aqueous alcohol solution such as a mixture of any one of methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, butanol, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone with water, or N,N-dimethylformamide. a mixture of one of N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and water.
  • the ratio of the solvent to the water in the coagulation bath may be conventionally used; in one embodiment of the invention, the coagulation bath is formed of N,N-dimethylacetamide and water, and the volume ratio of the two is 1:5.
  • the dry ambient atmosphere may be air, nitrogen, argon or other inert gas, and the invention is not particularly limited.
  • the wet spinning process comprises: filtering the spinning solution prepared above, vacuum defoaming, extruding from a spinning hole on a spinneret by a metering pump, forming a coagulation bath, and then passing through a water washing tank, and passing through the heat.
  • the roll or hot gas is ramped to obtain a polyamic acid fiber.
  • the pore diameter of the spinneret is preferably from ⁇ 0.04 mm to ⁇ 0.4 mm, more preferably from ⁇ 0.05 mm to ⁇ 0.3 mm; the number of holes may be from 10 to 12,000 holes, preferably from 100 to 10,000 holes.
  • the spray ratio is preferably 1.1 to 7.0 times, more preferably 1.5 to 6.0 times, and the extrusion speed may be 5 m/min to 100 m/min, preferably 10 m/min to 80 m/min.
  • the coagulation bath used in the present invention is well known to those skilled in the art and may be a mixture of an aqueous alcohol solution such as methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, butanol, acetone and methyl ethyl ketone with water, or may be N. a mixture of one of N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, N-methylpyrrolidone and water.
  • the dry ambient atmosphere may be air, nitrogen, argon or other inert gas, and the invention is not particularly limited.
  • the polyamic acid fiber After the polyamic acid fiber is obtained, it is imidized in the examples of the present invention, and can be processed in a thermal imidization furnace to obtain a polyimide virgin fiber.
  • the imidization is a thermal imidization well known to those skilled in the art, preferably by a gradient heating or isothermal heat treatment furnace.
  • the temperature range of the gradient heating treatment is preferably 50 ° C to 500 ° C, more preferably 60 ° C to 400 ° C; the rate of temperature increase is preferably from 1 ° C / min to 30 ° C / min, more preferably from 2 ° C / min to 20 ° C / min.
  • the temperature of the isothermal treatment is preferably from 300 ° C to 500 ° C, more preferably from 350 ° C to 450 ° C; and the treatment time is preferably from 5 min to 60 min, more preferably from 10 min to 50 min.
  • the imidized ambient atmosphere may be air, nitrogen, argon or other inert gas.
  • the obtained polyimide primary fiber is subjected to hot drawing to obtain a polyimide finished fiber.
  • the heat drawing of the present invention is not particularly limited, and the temperature of the hot drawing is preferably from 30 ° C to 570 ° C, more preferably from 50 ° C to 500 ° C.
  • the draft ratio of the hot drawing may be 1.0 to 6.0 times, preferably 2.0 to 5.0 times.
  • the hot drawn ambient atmosphere can be air, nitrogen, argon or other inert gas, preferably a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the present invention detects its structure and properties. Among them, the present invention analyzes the structure of the finished fiber by a commonly used Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). In addition, the present invention performs scanning electron microscopy analysis and DSC thermal analysis on the spun finished fiber.
  • the test conditions of the DSC thermal analysis include a nitrogen atmosphere, a temperature ranging from room temperature to 400 ° C, and a heating rate of 10 ° C/min. The results show that the polyimide fiber can have a glass transition temperature of 310 ° C to 320 ° C.
  • the invention adopts FAVIMAT single fiber linear density, curl degree and tensile strength tester of Textechno of Germany to test the mechanical properties of the finished fiber, and the test method comprises: testing each fiber at least 10 times, taking an average value; in the test condition, taking The modulus is between 0.2% and 0.4%, using a test form suitable for high-strength high-modulus fibers, Group9 (PBO), and the load in the common parameters (Load Cell) is 210 cN.
  • the gauge length was 20 mm and the nominal linear density (Nominal L.D.) was 3.0 dtex.
  • the test speed was 5.0 mm/min, and the pretension was 2.00 cN/tex.
  • the test speed was 5.0 mm/min
  • the pretension was 1.00 cN/tex
  • the Correction value was 0.000%.
  • the results show that the polyimide fiber provided by the present invention has a maximum strength of 4.5 GPa and a modulus of up to 212 GPa.
  • the present invention polymerizes a specific diamine and dianhydride monomer to form a polyamic acid spinning solution, and then spins it into a polyamic acid fiber, and then thermally imidizes the polyamic acid fiber, and finally
  • the heat drawing gives a polyimide fiber having high strength and high mold properties and having a high use temperature.
  • the invention can adopt the wet method or the dry spray wet spinning process, and the process is simple and easy to continuously produce.
  • polyimide fiber provided by the present application and a method for preparing the same are specifically described below in conjunction with the examples.
  • the above polyamic acid slurry is spin-formed by dry-jet wet spinning method, and the spinning slurry at normal temperature is accurately metered by a metering pump, extruded through a spinning hole, and passed through an air layer to enter N, N-dimethyl
  • the spinneret has 200 holes, the pore diameter is ⁇ 0.15 mm, the spray ratio is 4.8 times, the spinning speed is 50 m/min, and the air layer height It is 10mm.
  • the obtained nascent fibers were washed with water and then dried by hot nitrogen gas to obtain a polyamic acid fiber.
  • the obtained polyamic acid fiber was treated in a gradient heating sub-imidation furnace under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a polyimide virgin fiber.
  • the thermal imidization temperature is 50 to 400 ° C
  • the temperature increase rate is 5 ° C / min.
  • the obtained polyimide virgin fiber was drawn 1.5 times at 500 ° C under a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a polyimide finished fiber.

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Abstract

一种聚酰亚胺纤维及其制备方法,该方法先将二酐化合物和二胺化合物在溶剂中进行聚合反应,得到聚酰胺酸溶液;所述二胺化合物包括具有式(12)或式(13)结构的二胺;其中,A为S或O;所述二酐化合物包括具有式(14)和式(15)结构的二酐中的一种或多种;t为0或1;再将所述聚酰胺酸溶液进行纺丝,得到聚酰胺酸纤维;将所述聚酰胺酸纤维依次进行酰亚胺化和热牵伸,得到聚酰亚胺纤维;具有上述结构的聚酰亚胺纤维具有更高的刚性,并能引入氢键以提供分子链间相互作用,从而影响聚合物中分子链的排列、结晶性,赋予聚酰亚胺纤维更优异的力学性能;所得到的聚酰亚胺纤维具有更高的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和更好的耐热性。

Description

[根据细则37.2由ISA制定的发明名称] 聚酰亚胺纤维及其制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及高性能有机纤维技术领域,尤其涉及一种聚酰亚胺纤维及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚酰亚胺纤维是高性能有机合成纤维中的一种,具有高强度、高模量、耐高温、耐低温、阻燃、耐化学腐蚀和耐辐照等许多优异的性能,在航空航天、国防军工、新型建材和环保防火等领域中发挥着越来越重要的作用。现有的聚酰亚胺纤维的制备方法主要包括一步法和两步法两种,一步法是指采用聚酰亚胺溶液直接进行纺丝,纺制的纤维经初步拉伸后有一定的强度,去除溶剂后,进行热拉伸和热处理,得到聚酰亚胺纤维;两步法是先将二胺和二酐进行缩聚反应,生成聚酰胺酸溶液,然后经纺丝得到聚酰胺酸纤维,再经酰亚胺化和热牵伸等工艺处理,最后得到聚酰亚胺纤维。
其中,一步法制备聚酰亚胺纤维的优点在于:纺制的原丝无需再进行亚胺化,工艺流程短,所获得的聚酰亚胺纤维具有较高的力学性能。虽然一步法制备的聚酰亚胺纤维具有高强度和高模量的特点,但是由于溶剂的高毒性以及聚合物结构的限制,不利于工业化应用一步法制备聚酰亚胺纤维。而两步法制备聚酰亚胺纤维的优点在于:解决了聚酰亚胺不溶、不熔带来的加工性难题,合成原料和可用溶剂种类多、毒性小,且纤维中的溶剂残留量低,适于工业化生产。
随着科学技术的发展,目前越来越需要高强度和高模量的聚酰亚胺纤维。因此,如何通过两步法制备高强度和高模量的聚酰亚胺纤维已成为国内外研发的主要方向。比如,黄森彪等(e-Polymers,2012,no.086)通过两步法共聚得到联苯型含苯并噁唑结构的聚酰亚胺纤维,其可纺性较好,最高强度为0.73GPa,初始模量为39.5GPa。但是,现有两步法制备聚酰亚胺纤维的技术在改善纤维强度和模量方面仍存在一定不足。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本申请提供一种聚酰亚胺纤维及其制备方法,本发明提供的聚酰亚胺纤维具有高强高模性能,且可在较高温度下使用,利于应用。
本发明提供一种聚酰亚胺纤维,由聚合物制得,所述聚合物包括式I所示的第一重复单元:-X1-Y1-式I;
式I中,-Y1-选自式1或式2所示的基团;
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000001
其中,A选自S或O;-X1-选自式3和式4所示的基团中的一种或多种;
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000002
式4中,E选自S、O、C(CF3)2、C(CH3)2、C=O、C=S、
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000004
t选自0或1。
优选地,所述聚合物还包括式II所示的第二重复单元:-X2-Y2-式II;
式II中,-Y2-选自式5~11所示的基团中的一种或多种;
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000005
其中,-G-选自-O-、-S-、-CH2-、
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000006
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000007
J选自O、S或NH;
-X2-和-X1-独立地选自式3和式4所示的基团中的一种或多种。
优选地,-Y2-选自式5~8所示的基团中的任一种。
优选地,所述聚酰亚胺纤维的纤度在2dtex~4dtex之间。
优选地,所述聚合物具有式III、式IV、式V、式VI、式VII、式VIII、式IX、式X、式XI或式XII结构:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000009
其中,n、m、l和k均为聚合度。
本发明提供一种聚酰亚胺纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将二酐化合物和二胺化合物在溶剂中进行聚合反应,得到聚酰胺酸溶液;所述二胺化合物包括具有式12或式13结构的二胺;其中,A选自S或O;
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000010
所述二酐化合物包括具有式14和式15结构的二酐中的一种或多种;
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000011
式15中,E选自S、O、C(CF3)2、C(CH3)2、C=O、C=S、
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000013
中的任一种;t选自0或1;
B)将所述聚酰胺酸溶液进行纺丝,得到聚酰胺酸纤维;
C)将所述聚酰胺酸纤维依次进行酰亚胺化和热牵伸,得到聚酰亚胺纤维。
优选地,所述二胺化合物还包括具有式16~22结构的二胺中的一种或多种;
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000014
其中,-G-选自-O-、-S-、-CH2-、
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000015
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000016
J选自O、S或NH。
优选地,所述聚合反应的温度为-10℃~50℃。
优选地,所述聚酰胺酸溶液的特征粘度在1.5dL/g~3.7dL/g之间。
优选地,所述聚酰胺酸溶液的浓度为5wt%~35wt%。
优选地,所述二酐化合物与二胺化合物的摩尔比为1:(0.8~1.5)。
与现有技术相比,本发明通过湿法或干喷湿法等纺丝工艺制成含羟基苯并噁唑或羟基苯并噻唑结构的聚酰亚胺纤维。本发明这种结构的聚酰亚胺纤维具有更高的刚性,并能引入氢键以提供分子链间相互作用,从而影响聚合物中分子链的排列、结晶性,赋予聚酰亚胺纤维更优异的力学性能;并且,本发明所得到的聚酰亚胺纤维具有更高的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)和更好的耐热性,更适于应用在航天器、国防建设、海洋开发、体育器材、防护用具、电缆、核工业及防火阻燃材料等方面。此外,本发明引入羟基,使纤维表面 活性基团增加,也更适合应用于纤维增强复合材料领域。实验结果表明,本发明提供的聚酰亚胺纤维的最高强度为4.5GPa,模量最高为212GPa。
另外,本发明制备聚酰亚胺纤维的生产工艺稳定。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例1纺制的成品纤维的扫描电镜图;
图2为本发明实施例2纺制的成品纤维的DSC曲线;
图3为本发明实施例3制备的成品纤维的FT-IR图;
图4为本发明实施例4制备的成品纤维的FT-IR图;
图5为本发明实施例7制备的成品纤维的FT-IR图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种聚酰亚胺纤维,由聚合物制得,所述聚合物包括式I所示的第一重复单元:-X1-Y1-式I;式I中,-Y1-选自式1或式2所示基团;
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000017
其中,A选自S或O;-X1-选自式3和式4所示的基团中的一种或多种;
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000018
式4中,E选自S、O、C(CF3)2、C(CH3)2、C=O、C=S、
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000020
中的任一种;t选自0或1。
本发明提供的聚酰亚胺纤维具有高强度和高模量的特点,力学性能优异,并且耐热性更好,可在较高温度下使用。
本发明提供的聚酰亚胺纤维由包括式I所示的第一重复单元的聚合物制得,式I中,-Y1-选自式1或式2所示的基团,其中的A选自S或O。在本发明中,所述第一重复单元包含羟基苯并噁唑或羟基苯并噻唑结构,这种结构能使聚酰亚胺纤维具有更高的刚性,并能引入氢键以提供分子链间相互作用,从而影响聚合物中分子链的排列、结晶性,赋予聚酰亚胺纤维更优异的力学性能。
本发明式1和式2中,两端的单键均可在苯环3,4,5,6位的任一位置。对于式1,本发明优选一端单键在羟基的间位或对位、另一端单键在苯环4位或5位;对于式2,本发明优选两端的单键均在苯环4位。在本发明的实施例中,-Y1-选自式1-1、式1-2、式1-3、式1-4或式2-1所示的基团:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000021
本发明式I中,-X1-选自式3和式4所示的基团中的一种或多种,式3具有一个苯环结构,式4具有联苯结构。式4中,t选自0或1。t为0时,两个苯环通过单键在3,4,5,6位任一位置连接,优选在3位或4位连接;t为1时,两个苯环通过一个连接基团E在3,4,5,6位任一位置连接,优选在3位或4位连接。在本发明中,t优选为0。
本发明式4中,E选自S、O、C(CF3)2、C(CH3)2、C=O、C=S、
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000022
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000023
优选自S、O、C(CF3)2、C=O或C=S。在本发明的实施例中,-X1-选自式3、式4-1和式4-2所示的基团中的一种或多种。
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000024
在本发明中,-X1-和-Y1-连接形成第一重复单元,其中的-X1-可以为一种,也可以为多种。-Y1-为式1所示的基团时,-X1-可以连在有羟基(-OH)的一端,也可以连在没有羟基的另一端,优选连在有羟基的一端。在本发明的实施例中,所述第一重复单元具有式I-1、式I-2、式I-3、式I-4、式I-5、式I-6、式I-7或式I-8结构:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000025
在本发明中,为了进一步改善纤维的性能,所述聚合物优选还包括式II所示的第二重复单元:-X2-Y2-式II;式II中,-Y2-选自式5~11所示的基团中的一种或多种,优选自式5~8所示的基团中的任一种,更优选自式5或式8所示的基团;
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000026
本发明式8中,-G-选自-O-、-S-、-CH2-、
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000027
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000028
优选为-O-。
本发明式9~11中,J选自O、S或NH,优选自O或S。
本发明式II中,-X2-选自式3和式4所示的基团中的一种或多种,式3和式4所示的基团与上文所述的一致,在此不再赘述。在本发明中,-X2-和-X1-可以相同,也可以不同。
在本发明中,-X2-和-Y2-连接形成第二重复单元,其中的-X2-可以为一种,也可以为多种。在本发明的实施例中,所述第二重复单元具有式II-1、式II-2、式II-3或式II-4结构:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000029
在本发明的实施例,所述聚合物优选具有式III、式IV、式V、式VI、式VII、式VIII、式IX、式X、式XI或式XII结构:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000030
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000031
其中,n、m、l和k均为聚合度。
当所述聚合物包括所述第二重复单元时,本申请对所述第一重复单元和第二重复单元的比例没有特殊限制。在本发明的实施例中,所述聚酰亚胺纤维的纤度在2dtex~4dtex之间。本发明实施例提供的聚酰亚胺纤维的断裂强度 可为2.3GPa~4.5GPa;模量可为105GPa~212GPa;断裂伸长率可为2.1%~3.4%。在本发明中,所述聚酰亚胺纤维的玻璃化转变温度可为310℃~320℃。
相应地,本发明提供了一种聚酰亚胺纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
A)将二酐化合物和二胺化合物在溶剂中进行聚合反应,得到聚酰胺酸溶液;所述二胺化合物包括具有式12或式13结构的二胺;其中,A选自S或O;
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000032
所述二酐化合物包括具有式14和式15结构的二酐中的一种或多种;
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000033
式15中,E选自S、O、C(CF3)2、C(CH3)2、C=O、C=S、
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000034
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000035
t选自0或1;
B)将所述聚酰胺酸溶液进行纺丝,得到聚酰胺酸纤维;
C)将所述聚酰胺酸纤维依次进行酰亚胺化和热牵伸,得到聚酰亚胺纤维。
为了克服现有两步法制备的聚酰亚胺纤维在强度和模量方面的不足,本发明提供了一种高强高模聚酰亚胺纤维的制备方法,可分为四个工序:纺丝溶液的制备、聚酰胺酸纤维的纺制、聚酰胺酸纤维的酰亚胺化和聚酰亚胺纤维的热牵伸。
本发明实施例在溶剂中加入二胺化合物和二酐化合物,反应一定时间,得到聚酰胺酸溶液,也就是淡黄色粘稠的聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,溶液过滤后可直接用作纺丝浆液。
在本发明中,所述二胺化合物包括具有式12或式13结构的二胺。式12和式13中,A选自S或O;两端的氨基可在苯环3,4,5,6位任一位置。具体的,所述二胺化合物可包括6-氨基-2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯)苯并噁唑、5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯)苯并噁唑、5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-5-氨基苯)苯并噁唑、5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯)苯并噻唑和2,5-二(5-氨基-2-苯并噁唑)-1,4-苯二酚中的一种或多种;结构式依次为式12-1、式12-2、式12-3、式12-4、式13-1:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000036
本发明对具有式12或式13结构的二胺的来源没有特殊限制,可以采用市售产品,也可以自行制备获得。
为了进一步改善纤维的性能,所述二胺化合物优选还包括具有式16~22结构的二胺中的一种或多种,更优选还包括具有式16~19结构的二胺中的一种或多种;式16~22如下:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000037
式19中,-G-选自-O-、-S-、-CH2-、
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000038
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000039
优选为-O-。
式20~22中,J选自O、S或NH,优选自O或S。
在本发明的实施例中,所述二胺化合物还包括4,4’-二氨基二苯醚或对苯二胺;结构式依次为:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000040
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述二胺化合物包括5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯)苯并噁唑和4,4’-二氨基二苯醚。在本发明的另一个实施例中,所述二胺化合物包括5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-5-氨基苯)苯并噁唑和对苯二胺。在本发明 的另一个实施例中,所述二胺化合物包括2,5-二(5-氨基-2-苯并噁唑)-1,4-苯二酚和对苯二胺。在本发明的另一个实施例中,所述二胺化合物包括5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯)苯并噁唑和对苯二胺。此外,本发明对多种二胺化合物之间的用量比例没有特殊限制。
在本发明中,所述二酐化合物包括具有式14和式15结构的二酐中的一种或多种。其中,式14所示的二酐为均苯四酸二酐。式15中,t选自0或1。t为0时,两个苯环通过单键在3,4,5,6位任一位置连接,优选在3位或4位连接;t为1时,两个苯环通过一个连接基团E在3,4,5,6位任一位置连接,优选在3位或4位连接。在本发明中,t优选为0。
本发明式15中,E选自S、O、C(CF3)2、C(CH3)2、C=O、C=S、
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000041
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000042
优选自S、O、C(CF3)2、C=O或C=S。
在本发明一个实施例中,所述二酐化合物包括4,4’-联苯二酐,结构式为:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000043
在本发明的一个实施例中,所述二酐化合物包括均苯四甲酸二酐。在本发明的另一个实施例中,所述二酐化合物包括均苯四酸二酐和4,4’-联苯二酐。在本发明的另一个实施例中,所述二酐化合物包括4,4’-联苯二酐和3,4’-联苯二酐。
本发明将所述二酐化合物与二胺化合物进行聚合反应,以制备聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液。所述二酐化合物与二胺化合物的摩尔比优选为1:(0.8~1.5),更优选为1:(0.9~1.2)。本发明优选在-10℃~50℃聚合制得前驱体聚酰胺酸溶液,也就是所述聚合反应的温度优选为-10℃~50℃,更优选为-5℃~40℃。
在本发明中,二酐和二胺单体在溶剂中聚合,制得前驱体聚酰胺酸溶液。所用的溶剂通常为极性非质子性溶剂中的一种或多种组成的混合物,优选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种。本发明对所述溶剂的用量没有特殊限制;所述聚酰胺酸溶液的浓度优选为5wt%~35wt%,更优选为10wt%~30wt%。在本发明的实施例中,所述聚酰胺酸溶液的特征粘度在1.5dL/g~3.7dL/g之间。
得到聚酰胺酸溶液后,本发明进行聚酰胺酸纤维的纺制工序。本发明实施例将上述制备的纺丝溶液过滤,再真空脱泡,然后采用干喷湿法、湿法或干法成型等纺丝工艺进行纺丝,得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
本发明优选采用干喷湿法或湿法纺丝工艺,其中,干喷湿法纺丝工艺包括:将上述制备的纺丝溶液过滤,真空脱泡,可通过计量泵由喷丝板上的喷丝孔挤出,经过一段空气层,进入凝固浴成型后,再经过水洗槽,经热辊或热气体甬道干燥,最后得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
在干喷湿法工艺中,喷丝板的孔径优选为Φ0.04mm~Φ0.4mm,更优选为Φ0.05mm~Φ0.3mm;孔数可为10~10000孔,优选为100~8000孔。喷拉比优选为1.1~7.0倍,更优选为1.5~6.0倍;挤出速度可为5m/min~100m/min,优选为10m/min~80m/min。挤出后的细流体可经过高度为3mm~100mm空气层,再进入凝固浴成型;所述空气层的高度优选为10mm~80mm。本发明所使用的凝固浴可以为醇水溶液,如甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丁醇、丙酮和丁酮中的任一种与水的混合物,也可以是N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种与水的混合物。所述凝固浴中溶剂与水的比例采用常用的即可;在本发明的一个实施例中,凝固浴由N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和水形成,两者的体积比为1:5。在本发明中,所述干燥的环境气氛可为空气、氮气、氩气或其它惰性气体,本发明没有特殊限制。
而湿法纺丝工艺包括:将上述制备的纺丝溶液过滤,真空脱泡,可通过计量泵由喷丝板上的喷丝孔挤出,进入凝固浴成型后,再经过水洗槽,经热辊或热气体甬道干燥,得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
在湿法工艺中,喷丝板的孔径优选为Φ0.04mm~Φ0.4mm,更优选为Φ0.05mm~Φ0.3mm;孔数可为10~12000孔,优选为100~10000孔。喷拉比优选为1.1~7.0倍,更优选为1.5~6.0倍;挤出速度可为5m/min~100m/min,优选为10m/min~80m/min。本发明所使用的凝固浴为本领域技术人员熟知的,可以为醇水溶液,如甲醇、乙醇、乙二醇、丁醇、丙酮和丁酮中的任一种与水的混合物,也可以是N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜、N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种与水的混合物。所述干燥的环境气氛可为空气、氮气、氩气或其它惰性气体,本发明没有特殊限制。
得到聚酰胺酸纤维后,本发明实施例将其进行酰亚胺化,可在热亚胺化炉中处理得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维。在本发明中,所述酰亚胺化为本领域技术人员熟知的热亚胺化,优选采用梯度升温或恒温热处理炉进行。本发明通过梯度升温热处理进行酰亚胺化时,所述梯度升温热处理的温度范围优选为 50℃~500℃,更优选为60℃~400℃;升温的速度优选为1℃/min~30℃/min,更优选为2℃/min~20℃/min。本发明通过恒温处理进行酰亚胺化时,所述恒温处理的温度优选为300℃~500℃,更优选为350℃~450℃;处理时间优选为5min~60min,更优选为10min~50min。在本发明中,所述酰亚胺化的环境气氛可为空气、氮气、氩气或其它惰性气体。本发明优选在氮气环境下进行聚酰胺酸纤维的酰亚胺化,得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维。
本发明实施例将得到的聚酰亚胺初生纤维进行热牵伸,得到聚酰亚胺成品纤维。本发明对所述热牵伸没有特殊限制,所述热牵伸的温度优选为30℃~570℃,更优选为50℃~500℃。所述热牵伸的牵伸倍率可为1.0~6.0倍,优选为2.0~5.0倍。所述热牵伸的环境气氛可为空气、氮气、氩气或其它惰性气体,优选为氮气环境。
得到聚酰亚胺纤维后,本发明对其进行结构和性能的检测。其中,本发明采用常用的傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)分析成品纤维的结构。另外,本发明对纺制的成品纤维进行扫描电镜分析和DSC热分析,DSC热分析的测试条件包括:氮气氛围、温度范围为室温至400℃、升温速率为10℃/min。结果显示,所述聚酰亚胺纤维的玻璃化转变温度可为310℃~320℃。
本发明采用德国Textechno公司的FAVIMAT单纤维线密度、卷曲度和拉伸强度测试仪,测试成品纤维的力学性能,测试方法包括:每种纤维至少测试10次,取平均值;测试条件中,取形变在0.2%~0.4%之间的模量,采用适合高强高模纤维的测试形式——Group9(PBO),常规参数(Common parameters)中的负载(Load Cell)为210cN。在Favimat纤维测试中,校正长度(Gauge length)为20mm,公称线密度(Nominal L.D.)为3.0dtex。在拉伸强度测试(Tensile test)中,测试速度(Test speed)为5.0mm/min,预张力(Pretension)为2.00cN/tex。在线密度测试(Linear density test)中,测试速度(Test speed)为5.0mm/min,预张力(Pretension)为1.00cN/tex,修正值(Correction value)为0.000%。结果显示,本发明提供的聚酰亚胺纤维的最高强度为4.5GPa,模量最高为212GPa。
综上所述,本发明将特定的二胺和二酐单体聚合制成聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,然后纺丝制成聚酰胺酸纤维,再将聚酰胺酸纤维热亚胺化,最后经热牵伸,得到具有高强高模性能且具有较高使用温度的聚酰亚胺纤维。本发明可采用湿法或干喷湿法纺丝工艺,工艺简洁,易于连续化生产。
为了进一步理解本申请,下面结合实施例对本申请提供的聚酰亚胺纤维及其制备方法进行具体地描述。
实施例1
取241.25g(1.0mol)6-氨基-2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯)苯并噁唑,溶于3500mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌状态下加入294.22g(1.0mol)4,4’-联苯二酐,在30℃下反应24小时,得到淡黄色粘稠的聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,其特征粘度为3.07dL/g,溶液过滤后直接用作纺丝浆液。
将上述的聚酰胺酸浆液采用干喷湿法纺丝技术路线纺丝成型,用计量泵将常温的纺丝浆液精确计量后,由喷丝孔挤出,经过空气层进入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和水(1:2体积比)的凝固浴中,其中,喷丝板为200孔,孔径为Φ0.15mm,喷拉比为4.8倍,纺丝速度为50m/min,空气层高度为10mm。将得到的初生纤维水洗后,经热氮气甬道干燥,得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
将得到的聚酰胺酸纤维在氮气环境下经梯度升温热亚胺化炉处理,得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维。其中,热亚胺化温度为50~400℃,升温速度为5℃/min。将得到的聚酰亚胺初生纤维在氮气环境下,在500℃牵伸1.5倍得聚酰亚胺成品纤维。
按照上文所述的方法,对成品纤维进行测试。参见图1,图1为本发明实施例1纺制的成品纤维的扫描电镜图。成品纤维的断裂强度为3.4GPa,模量为137.4GPa,断裂伸长率为2.8%。本实施例中聚酰亚胺纤维的结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000044
实施例2
取241.25g(1.0mol)5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯)苯并噁唑,溶于3500mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌状态下加入294.22g(1.0mol)4,4’-联苯二酐,在30℃下反应24小时,得到淡黄色粘稠的聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,其特征粘度为2.32dL/g,溶液过滤后直接用作纺丝浆液。
将上述的聚酰胺酸浆液采用干喷湿法纺丝技术路线纺丝成型,用计量泵将常温的纺丝浆液精确计量后,由喷丝孔挤出,经过空气层进入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和水(1:4体积比)的凝固浴中,其中,喷丝板为200孔,孔径为Φ0.18mm,喷拉比为4.0倍,纺丝速度为40m/min,空气层高度为10mm。将得到的初生纤维水洗后,经热氮气甬道干燥,得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
将得到的聚酰胺酸纤维在氮气环境下经梯度升温热亚胺化炉处理,得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维。其中,热亚胺化温度为50~400℃,升温速度为5℃/min。将得到的初生纤维在氮气环境下,在500℃牵伸1.5倍得聚酰亚胺成品纤维。
按照上文所述的方法,对成品纤维进行测试。参见图2,图2为本发明实施例2纺制的成品纤维的DSC曲线。从图2可以看出,纤维的Tg为312.5℃。成品纤维的断裂强度为3.7GPa,模量为130.8GPa,断裂伸长率为2.4%。本实施例中聚酰亚胺纤维的分子结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000045
实施例3
取241.25g(1.0mol)的5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-5-氨基苯)苯并噁唑,溶于3800mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌状态下加入294.22g(1.0mol)4,4’-联苯二酐,在-10℃下反应48小时,得到淡黄色粘稠的聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,其特征粘度为2.78dL/g,溶液过滤后直接用作纺丝浆液。
将上述的聚酰胺酸浆液采用湿法纺丝技术路线纺丝成型,用计量泵将60℃的纺丝浆液精确计量后,由喷丝孔挤出,进入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和水(1:6体积比)的凝固浴中,其中,喷丝板为100孔,孔径为Φ0.15mm,喷拉比为3.2倍,纺丝速度为50m/min,空气层高度为10mm。初生纤维水洗后经热氮气甬道干燥得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
将得到的聚酰胺酸纤维在氮气环境下经梯度升温热亚胺化炉处理,得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维。其中,热亚胺化温度为50~400℃,升温速度为5℃/min。将得到的初生纤维在氮气环境下,在500℃牵伸1.5倍得聚酰亚胺成品纤维。
按照上文所述的方法,对成品纤维进行测试。参见图3,图3为本发明实施例3制备的成品纤维的FT-IR图。其中,1778cm-1为亚胺环中羰基对称伸缩振动,1712cm-1为亚胺环中羰基非对称伸缩振动,1487cm-1为苯并噁唑环伸缩振动,1250cm-1为苯并噁唑环中C-O非对称伸缩振动。成品纤维的断裂强度为2.5GPa,模量为105GPa,断裂伸长率为2.1%。本实施例中聚酰亚胺纤维的分子结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000046
实施例4
取361.88g(1.5mol)5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-5-氨基苯)苯并噁唑,溶于4500mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌状态下加入163.66g(0.75mol)均苯四酸二酐和220.67g(0.75mol)4,4’-联苯二酐,在-10℃下反应10小时,得到淡黄色粘稠的聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,其特征粘度为2.14dL/g,溶液过滤后直接用作纺丝浆液。
将上述的聚酰胺酸浆液采用干喷湿法纺丝技术路线纺丝成型,用计量泵将常温的纺丝浆液精确计量后,由喷丝孔挤出,经过空气层进入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和水(1:5体积比)的凝固浴中,其中,喷丝板为200孔,孔径为Φ0.18mm,喷拉比为3.6倍,纺丝速度为60m/min,空气层高度为10mm。将得到的初生纤维水洗后,经热氮气甬道干燥,得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
将得到的聚酰胺酸纤维在氮气环境下经梯度升温热亚胺化炉处理,得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维。其中,热亚胺化温度为50~400℃,升温速度为5℃/min。将得到的初生纤维在氮气环境下,在500℃牵伸1.5倍得聚酰亚胺成品纤维。
按照上文所述的方法,对成品纤维进行测试。参见图4,图4为本发明实施例4制备的成品纤维的FT-IR图。其中,1778cm-1为亚胺环中羰基对称伸缩振动,1712cm-1为亚胺环中羰基非对称伸缩振动,1490cm-1为苯并噁唑环伸缩振动,1252cm-1为苯并噁唑环中C-O非对称伸缩振动。成品纤维的断裂强度为4.5GPa,模量为212GPa,断裂伸长率为2.3%。本实施例中聚酰亚胺纤维的分子结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000047
实施例5
取180.94g(0.750mol)5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯)苯并噁唑和150.18g(0.750mol)4,4’-二氨基二苯醚,溶于3500mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌状态下加入441.34g(1.50mol)4,4’-联苯二酐,在-10℃下反应10小时,得到淡黄色粘稠的聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,其特征粘度为1.87dL/g,溶液过滤后直接用作纺丝浆液。
将上述的聚酰胺酸浆液采用干喷湿法纺丝技术路线纺丝成型,用计量泵将常温的纺丝浆液精确计量后,由喷丝孔挤出,经过空气层进入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和水(1:4体积比)的凝固浴中,其中,喷丝板为100孔,孔径为Φ0.15 mm,喷拉比为4.8倍,纺丝速度为50m/min,空气层高度为10mm。将得到的初生纤维水洗后,经热氮气甬道干燥,得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
将得到的聚酰胺酸纤维在氮气环境下经梯度升温热亚胺化炉处理,得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维。其中,热亚胺化温度为50~400℃,升温速度为5℃/min。将得到的初生纤维在氮气环境下,在500℃牵伸1.5倍得聚酰亚胺成品纤维。
按照上文所述的方法,对成品纤维进行测试。纤维的断裂强度为3.1GPa,模量为116.1GPa,断裂伸长率为3.4%。本实施例中聚酰亚胺纤维的结构为:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000048
实施例6
取180.94g(0.750mol)5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-5-氨基苯)苯并噁唑和81.11g(0.750mol)对苯二胺,溶于4500mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,搅拌状态下加入308.93g(1.05mol)4,4’-联苯二酐和98.15g(0.45mol)均苯四甲酸二酐,在40℃下反应24小时,得到淡黄色粘稠的聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,其特征粘度为2.53dL/g,溶液过滤后直接用作纺丝浆液。
将上述的聚酰胺酸浆液采用干喷湿法纺丝技术路线纺丝成型,用计量泵将常温的纺丝浆液精确计量后,由喷丝孔挤出后,经过空气层进入N-甲基吡咯烷酮和水(1:5体积比)的凝固浴中,其中,喷丝板为50孔,孔径为Φ0.12mm,喷拉比为3.6倍,纺丝速度为40m/min,空气层高度为5mm。将得到的初生纤维水洗后,经热氩气甬道干燥,得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
将得到的聚酰胺酸纤维在氩气环境下经梯度升温热亚胺化炉处理,得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维。其中,热亚胺化温度50~400℃,升温速度为10℃/min。将得到的初生纤维在氩气环境下,在530℃牵伸1.2倍得聚酰亚胺成品纤维。
按照上文所述的方法,对成品纤维进行测试。纤维的断裂强度为3.8GPa,模量为155.2GPa,断裂伸长率为2.3%。本实施例中聚酰亚胺纤维的结构为:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000049
实施例7
取385.97g(1.5mol)5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯)苯并噻唑,溶于4700mL N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中,搅拌状态下加入220.67g(0.75mol)4,4’-联苯二酐和163.67g(0.75mol)均苯四甲酸二酐,在30℃下反应12小时,得到淡黄色粘稠的聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,其特征粘度为2.91dL/g,溶液过滤后直接作纺丝浆液。
将上述的聚酰胺酸浆液采用干喷湿法纺丝成型,用计量泵将常温的纺丝浆液精确计量后,由喷丝头挤出,经过空气层进入N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和水(1:5体积比)的凝固浴中。其中,喷丝板为100孔,孔径为Φ0.15mm,纺丝速度为100m/min,喷拉比为5.0倍,空气层高度为60mm。将得到的初生纤维水洗后,经热辊干燥得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
将得到的聚酰胺酸纤维在氮气环境下经梯度升温热处理炉处理,得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维。其中,热亚胺化温度为50~400℃,升温速度为5℃/min。将得到的初生纤维在氮气环境下,在510℃牵伸1.3倍得聚酰亚胺成品纤维。
按照上文所述的方法,对成品纤维进行测试。参见图5,图5为本发明实施例7制备的成品纤维的FT-IR图。其中,1780cm-1为亚胺环中羰基对称伸缩振动,1718cm-1为亚胺环中羰基非对称伸缩振动,1044cm-1为苯并噻唑环伸缩振动,1090cm-1为苯并噻唑环中C-S非对称伸缩振动。成品纤维的断裂强度为3.1GPa,模量为116.8GPa,断裂伸长率为3.2%。本实施例中聚酰亚胺纤维的分子结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000050
实施例8
取374.35g(1.0mol)2,5-二(5-氨基-2-苯并噁唑)-1,4-苯二酚和54.07g(0.50mol)对苯二胺,溶于5300mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中,搅拌状态下加入220.67g(0.75mol)4,4’-联苯二酐和163.67g(0.75mol)均苯四甲酸二酐,在30℃下反应12小时,得到淡黄色粘稠的聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,其特征粘度为2.03dL/g,溶液过滤后直接用作纺丝浆液。
将上述的聚酰胺酸浆液采用干喷湿法纺丝成型,用计量泵将常温的纺丝浆液精确计量后,由喷丝孔挤出,经过空气层进入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和水(1:5体积比)的凝固浴中。其中,喷丝板为200孔,孔径为Φ0.08mm,纺 丝速度为15m/min,喷拉比为2.80倍,空气层高度为20mm。将得到的初生纤维水洗后,经热辊干燥得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
将得到的聚酰胺酸纤维在氮气环境下经梯度升温热亚胺化炉处理,得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维。其中,热亚胺化温度为50~400℃,升温速度为1℃/min。将得到的初生纤维在氮气环境下,在550℃牵伸2.5倍得聚酰亚胺成品纤维。
按照上文所述的方法,对成品纤维进行测试。纤维的断裂强度为4.1GPa,模量为206.1GPa,断裂伸长率为2.1%。本实施例中聚酰亚胺纤维的结构为:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000051
实施例9
取180.94g(0.750mol)5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯)苯并噁唑和81.11g(0.750mol)对苯二胺,溶于5000mL N-甲基吡咯烷酮中,搅拌状态下加入308.93g(1.05mol)4,4’-联苯二酐和132.40g(0.45mol)3,4’-联苯二酐,在-5℃下反应24小时,得到淡黄色粘稠的聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,其特征粘度为2.42dL/g,溶液过滤后直接用作纺丝浆液。
将上述的聚酰胺酸浆液采用干喷湿法纺丝成型,用计量泵将常温的纺丝浆液精确计量后,由喷丝孔挤出,经过空气层进入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和水(1:5体积比)的凝固浴中。其中,喷丝板为200孔,孔径为Φ0.10mm,纺丝速度为4m/min,喷拉比为3.0倍,空气层高度为2mm。将得到的初生纤维水洗后,经热辊干燥得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
将得到的聚酰胺酸纤维在氮气环境下经梯度升温热亚胺化炉处理,得到聚酰亚胺初生纤维。其中,热亚胺化温度为50~400℃,升温速度为10℃/min。将得到的初生纤维在氮气环境下,在500℃牵伸2.1倍得聚酰亚胺成品纤维。
按照上文所述的方法,对成品纤维进行测试。纤维断裂强度为3.70GPa,模量为140.3GPa,断裂伸长率为2.1%。本实施例中聚酰亚胺纤维的结构为:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000052
实施例10
取180.94g(0.75mol)5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-4-氨基苯)苯并噁唑和180.94g(0.750mol)5-氨基-2-(2-羟基-5-氨基苯)苯并噁唑,溶于5000mL N,N-二甲基乙酰胺中,搅拌状态下加入441.34g(1.50mol)4,4’-联苯二酐,在室温反应24小时,得到淡黄色粘稠的聚酰胺酸纺丝溶液,其特征粘度为3.12dL/g,溶液过滤后直接用作纺丝浆液。
将上述的聚酰胺酸浆液采用干喷湿法纺丝技术路线纺丝成型,用计量泵将常温的纺丝浆液精确计量后,由喷丝孔挤出,经过空气层进入N,N-二甲基乙酰胺和水(1:5体积比)的凝固浴中,其中,喷丝板为200孔,孔径为Φ0.18mm,喷拉比为3.8倍,纺丝速度为45m/min,空气层高度为10mm。将得到的初生纤维水洗后,经热氮气甬道干燥得到聚酰胺酸纤维。
将得到的聚酰胺酸纤维在氮气环境下经梯度升温热亚胺化炉处理,得聚酰亚胺初生纤维。其中,热亚胺化温度从为50~400℃,升温速度5℃/min。将得到的初生纤维在氮气环境下,在500℃牵伸1.5倍得聚酰亚胺成品纤维。
按照上文所述的方法,对成品纤维进行测试。纤维断裂强度为3.9GPa,模量为142.6GPa,断裂伸长率为2.4%。本实施例中聚酰亚胺纤维的结构为:
Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-000053

Claims (18)

  1. 一种聚酰亚胺纤维,由聚合物制得,所述聚合物包括式I所示的第一重复单元:
    -X1-Y1-式I;
    式I中,-Y1-选自式1或式2所示的基团;
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100001
    其中,A选自S或O;
    -X1-选自式3和式4所示的基团中的一种或多种;
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100002
    式4中,E选自S、O、C(CF3)2、C(CH3)2、C=O、C=S、
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100003
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100004
    t选自0或1。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的聚酰亚胺纤维,其特征在于,所述聚合物还包括式II所示的第二重复单元:
    -X2-Y2-式II;
    式II中,-Y2-选自式5~11所示的基团中的一种或多种;
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100005
    其中,-G-选自-O-、-S-、-CH2-、
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100006
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100007
    J选自O、S或NH;
    -X2-选自式3和式4所示的基团中的一种或多种,并且-X2-和-X1-可以相同或不同。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的聚酰亚胺纤维,其特征在于,-Y2-选自式5~8所示的基团中的任一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的聚酰亚胺纤维,其特征在于,所述聚合物具有式III、式IV、式V、式VI、式VII、式VIII、式IX、式X、式XI或式XII结构:
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100009
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100010
    其中,n、m、l和k均为聚合度。
  5. 一种聚酰亚胺纤维的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
    A)将二酐化合物和二胺化合物在溶剂中进行聚合反应,得到聚酰胺酸溶液;所述二胺化合物包括具有式12或式13结构的二胺;
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100011
    其中,A选自S或O;
    所述二酐化合物包括具有式14和式15结构的二酐中的一种或多种;
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100012
    式15中,E选自S、O、C(CF3)2、C(CH3)2、C=O、C=S、
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100013
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100014
    t选自0或1;
    B)将所述聚酰胺酸溶液进行纺丝,得到聚酰胺酸纤维;
    C)将所述聚酰胺酸纤维依次进行酰亚胺化和热牵伸,得到聚酰亚胺纤维。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二胺化合物还包括具有式16~22结构的二胺中的一种或多种;
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100015
    其中,-G-选自-O-、-S-、-CH2-、
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100016
    Figure PCTCN2016098426-appb-100017
    J选自O、S或NH。
  7. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚合反应的温度为-10℃~50℃。
  8. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚酰胺酸溶液的特征粘度在1.5dL/g~3.7dL/g之间。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述聚酰胺酸溶液的浓度为5wt%~35wt%。
  10. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述二酐化合物与二胺化合物的摩尔比为1:(0.8~1.5)。
  11. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤A)中的所述溶剂为非质子极性溶剂。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述非质子极性溶剂选自N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、二甲基亚砜和N-甲基吡咯烷酮中的一种或多种。
  13. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纺丝为干喷湿法纺丝,所述干喷湿法纺丝的喷丝板的孔径为Φ0.04mm~Φ0.4mm,孔数为10~10000孔,喷拉比为1.1~7.0倍,挤出速度为5m/min~100m/min。
  14. 根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纺丝为湿法纺丝,所述湿法纺丝的喷丝板的孔径为Φ0.04mm~Φ0.4mm,孔数为10~12000孔,喷拉比为1.1~7.0倍,挤出速度为5m/min~100m/min。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的聚酰亚胺纤维,其特征在于,所述聚酰亚胺纤维的纤度在2dtex~4dtex之间。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的聚酰亚胺纤维,其特征在于,所述聚酰亚胺纤维的断裂强度为2.3GPa~4.5GPa。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的聚酰亚胺纤维,其特征在于,所述聚酰亚胺纤维的模量为105GPa~212GPa。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的聚酰亚胺纤维,其特征在于,所述聚酰亚胺纤维的玻璃化转变温度为290℃~350℃。
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