WO2017084341A1 - 一种逆导型igbt器件及其制作方法 - Google Patents

一种逆导型igbt器件及其制作方法 Download PDF

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WO2017084341A1
WO2017084341A1 PCT/CN2016/087279 CN2016087279W WO2017084341A1 WO 2017084341 A1 WO2017084341 A1 WO 2017084341A1 CN 2016087279 W CN2016087279 W CN 2016087279W WO 2017084341 A1 WO2017084341 A1 WO 2017084341A1
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electrode layer
cell region
igbt
layer
copper electrode
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French (fr)
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罗海辉
肖海波
刘国友
黄建伟
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株洲中车时代电气股份有限公司
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Priority to US15/762,088 priority Critical patent/US10319595B2/en
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Abstract

一种逆导IGBT器件及其制作方法,该逆导IGBT器件的制作方法包括:提供半导体结构,该半导体结构包括相互分离的IGBT元胞区(210)和快速恢复二极管元胞区(220);在IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层(301);以铜电极层为阻挡层,对半导体结构进行离子注入;在快速恢复二极管元胞区的上表面形成金属电极层(302),金属电极层电连接IGBT元胞区上表面的铜电极层。

Description

一种逆导型IGBT器件及其制作方法
本申请要求于2015年11月19日提交中国专利局、申请号为201510813146.2、发明名称为“一种逆导型IGBT器件及其制作方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体技术领域,更为具体的说,涉及一种逆导型IGBT器件及其制作方法。
背景技术
随着科学技术的不断发展,半导体器件越来越多的应用到人们的工作以及日常生活当中,为人们的工作以及日常生活带来了巨大的便利。
逆导型IGBT(Insulate Gate Bipolar Transistor,绝缘栅双极型晶体管)是一种新型的IGBT器件,它将IGBT元胞结构以及FRD(Fast Recovery Diode,快速恢复二极管)元胞结构集成在同一个芯片上,具有小尺寸、高功率密度、低成本、高可靠性等诸多优点。一种新型的逆导型IGBT器件的俯视图如图1所示,包括独立的IGBT部分101,以及独立的FRD部分102,其中,FRD部分102围绕在IGBT部分101的四周,该结构将IGBT元胞和FRD元胞分离设置,能够有效的消除逆导型IGBT器件的负阻效应。
但是,该结构的逆导型IGBT器件性能有待进一步的提高.
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供一种逆导IGBT器件及其制作方法,以实现提高器件性能的目的。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供的技术方案如下:
一种逆导IGBT器件的制作方法,包括:
基于包括相互分离的IGBT元胞区和快速恢复二极管元胞区的半导体结 构,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层;
以所述铜电极层为阻挡层,对所述半导体结构进行离子注入,所述离子注入用于所述快速恢复二极管元胞区的少子寿命控制;
在所述快速恢复二极管元胞区的上表面形成金属电极层,所述金属电极层电连接所述IGBT元胞区上表面的铜电极层。
优选的,所述铜电极层的厚度为2μm~30μm。
优选的,所述离子注入的离子为Pt、He或H离子。
优选的,所述在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层,包括:
在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成图形化的掩膜层;
在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜金属层;
去除所述掩膜层,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层。
优选的,所述掩膜层为光刻胶掩膜层。
优选的,所述掩膜层的高度大于所述铜电极层的高度。
优选的,所述形成铜电极层之后,进行离子注入之前,还包括:
在所述半导体结构上的IGBT元胞区和快速恢复二极管元胞区之外的区域上形成注入阻挡层。
优选的,所述注入阻挡层为光刻胶层。
优选的,所述进行离子注入之后,还包括:
去除所述注入阻挡层。
优选的,所述金属电极层为铝电极层。
一种逆导IGBT器件,采用上述方法形成的逆导IGBT器件。
相较于现有技术,本发明提供的技术方案至少具有以下优点:
本发明中的逆导IGBT器件的制作方法,通过离子注入对FRD元胞区进行少子寿命控制,从而提高器件的性能。并且,在IGBT元胞区形成铜电极层,由于该铜电极层作为IGBT元胞区的金属电极的同时,还能够作为离子注入过程中的阻挡层,保护IGBT元胞区的半导体结构不受离子注入的影响,从而实现了在对FRD元胞区进行少子寿命控制的同时,不影响IGBT元胞区的少子寿命,进一步提高器件的性能。并且,采用铜金属层作为IGBT金属电极,进一步增加了器件的稳定性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据提供的附图获得其他的附图。
图1是现有技术的逆导型IGBT结构俯视图;
图2是本发明的逆导IGBT器件的制作方法流程示意图;
图3是本发明实施例一的逆导IGBT器件的制作方法流程示意图;
图4是本发明实施例一的半导体结构的立体图和部分放大剖面图;
图5是本发明实施例二的逆导IGBT器件的剖面图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
如背景技术所述,现有的逆导型IGBT器件性能有待进一步的提高。
发明人发现,现有结构的逆导IGBT器件,在一个半导体结构内包含了IGBT部分和FRD部分,且IGBT部分和FRD部分分别位于不同的位置,而FRD部分的少子寿命直接影响FRD的载流子的复合特性。为使FRD部分的性能得到提升,需要对FRD部分进行少子寿命控制。但是,通过辐照或离子注入等手段控制载流子的少子寿命的同时,也会影响IGBT部分载流子的少子寿命,从而导致IGBT导通压降过大,影响IGBT的性能。
发明人经过分析后认为,可以采用离子注入的方式对逆导IGBT器件FRD部分进行少子寿命控制。其中,通过在IGBT区域设置阻挡层,避免IGBT区域的少子寿命收到影响。然而,采用该方式的工艺复杂度高,工艺成本也大大增加。
而发明人通过对现有逆导型IGBT器件的制作工艺进行分析研究后发现,现有IGBT区域的上表面的设置有金属电极层,如果采用较厚的铜层作为该金 属电极层,可以作为阻挡层阻止离子注入工艺中的离子进入IGBT区域,从而在原有工艺步骤的基础上实现对逆导IGBT器件FRD部分进行少子寿命控制,而不影响IGBT区域的少子寿命。
基于此,本发明提出一种逆导IGBT器件的制作方法,如图2所示,包括:
步骤S101:基于包括相互分离的IGBT元胞区和快速恢复二极管元胞区的半导体结构,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层;
步骤S102:以所述铜电极层为阻挡层,对所述半导体结构进行离子注入,所述离子注入用于所述FRD元胞区的少子寿命控制;
步骤S103:在所述FRD元胞区的上表面形成金属电极层,所述金属电极层电连接所述IGBT元胞区上表面的铜电极层。
具体的,所述IGBT元胞区包含有IGBT的各个功能区,包括源区、集电区、栅区、体区、漂移区等本领域熟知的IGBT功能区,所述FRD元胞区包含有FRD的本领域熟知的功能区。只是,所述IGBT元胞区和所述FRD元胞区不包括位于半导体结构上表面的金属电极。
在步骤S101中,所述铜电极层包括形成于所述半导体结构上表面的发射极电极层和栅电极层,所述形成铜电极层的方法可以包括传统大马士革工艺或者中国专利公开号为CN103165524A的制备工艺等
在步骤S102中,所述铜电极层为IGBT元胞区的阻挡层,用于阻挡离子注入对IGBT元胞区的影响。
在步骤S103中,在所述FRD元胞区的上表面形成的金属电极层,可以为铝、铜、银等金属,用于作为FRD元胞区上的电极层,所述电极层可以通过直接接触、引线接触等方式实现与所述IGBT元胞区上表面的铜电极层的电连接。
本发明中的逆导IGBT器件的制作方法,通过离子注入对FRD元胞区进行少子寿命控制,从而提高了器件的性能。同时,在IGBT元胞区形成铜电极层,由于该铜电极层作为IGBT元胞区的金属电极的同时,还能够作为离子注入过程中的阻挡层,保护IGBT元胞区的半导体结构不受离子注入的影响,从而实现了在对FRD元胞区进行少子寿命控制的同时,不影响IGBT元胞区的少子寿命,进一步提高器件的性能。并且,采用铜金属层作为IGBT金属电极, 进一步增加了器件的稳定性。
以上是本发明的中心思想,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例一
本实施例提供一种逆导IGBT器件的制作方法,请参考图3所示的本实施例半导体结构的掺杂方法流程示意图,包括:
步骤S201:基于包括相互分离的IGBT元胞区和快速恢复二极管元胞区的半导体结构,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层;
步骤S202:在所述半导体结构上的IGBT元胞区和FRD元胞区之外的区域上形成注入阻挡层;
步骤S203:以所述铜电极层为阻挡层,对所述半导体结构进行离子注入,所述离子注入用于所述FRD元胞区的少子寿命控制;
步骤S204:去除所述注入阻挡层;
步骤S205:在所述FRD元胞区的上表面形成金属电极层,所述金属电极层电连接所述IGBT元胞区上表面的铜电极层。
具体的,在步骤S201中,所述半导体结构包括相互分离的IGBT元胞区和FRD元胞区,其中,所述FRD元胞区围绕所述IGBT元胞区的侧面;具体的,所述半导体结构为已经形成了IGBT器件在半导体基底及外延层上的各功能区和IGBT的栅区,以及FRD器件在半导体基底及外延层上的各功能区。
具体的,所述半导体结构的立体图和部分区域的剖面图如图4所示,包括IGBT元胞区210和围绕所述IGBT元胞区的FRD元胞区220;其中,沿图中Y轴线的剖面可以看出,IGBT元胞区210包括栅区211,源区212、体区213、漂移区214以及集电区215。
在本实施例中,所述IGBT元胞的集电区为P型,所述FRD元胞的集电区为N型。
并且,在本实施例中,所述半导体结构还包括围绕所述FRD元胞区的终端区230。
在本实施例中,所述铜电极层的厚度为2μm~30μm,更优选的,可以为5μm~30μm,具体的,所述铜电极层的厚度为15μm。
在本实施例中,步骤S201中,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层可以分为以下步骤:
步骤S2011:在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成图形化的掩膜层;
步骤S2012:在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜金属层;
步骤S2013:去除所述掩膜层,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层。
具体的,在步骤S2011中,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面,形成图形化的光刻胶掩膜层。具体的,采用光刻工艺,通过涂胶、光刻、显影,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成图形化的光刻胶掩膜层。
并且,在本步骤中,所述光刻胶掩膜层的高度大于所述铜电极层的高度。
在步骤S2012中,可以通过电镀工艺,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜金属层。在本实施例中,所述铜电极层的厚度为5μm~30μm,因此,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成5μm~30μm厚的铜金属层。具体的,所述铜电极层的厚度为15μm,可以在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成15μm厚的铜金属层。
本申请其他实施例中,所述形成铜金属层的工艺还可以为溅射、蒸发等工艺。
在步骤S2013中,采用剥离工艺,去除所述掩膜层,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层。具体的,所述掩膜层为光刻掩膜胶,具有该光刻胶掩膜层的部分并不会形成铜金属层,通过剥离工艺,去除所述掩膜层,形成铜电极层。
并且,由于光刻胶掩膜层的高度大于铜金属层的高度,更加易于剥离工艺的进行。
在本申请其他实施例中,步骤S201还可以通过大马士革工艺形成铜电极层,具体步骤不再详述。
接着,执行步骤S202:在所述半导体结构上的IGBT元胞区和FRD元胞区之外的区域上形成注入阻挡层。
具体的,在本实施例中,在所述半导体结构上的IGBT元胞区和FRD元胞区之外的区域上形成光刻胶层,所述光刻胶层的厚度大于30μm,在其他实施例中,所述光刻胶的厚度还可以优选大于50μm。
通过在所述半导体结构上的IGBT元胞区和FRD元胞区之外的区域上形成注入阻挡层,可以保证器件IGBT元胞区和FRD元胞区之外的区域不受离子注入的影响,从而进一步提升器件的性能。
接着,执行步骤S203:以所述铜电极层为阻挡层,对所述半导体结构进行离子注入,所述离子注入用于所述FRD元胞区的少子寿命控制;
具体的,在本步骤中,所述离子注入用于所述FRD元胞区的少子寿命控制,所述离子注入的离子可以为Pt、He或H离子。
由于所述铜电极层为阻挡层,因此,所述离子注入并不影响在IGBT区域的少子寿命,因而,通过提升FRD元胞区的性能,提升了器件的整体性能。
接着,执行步骤S204:去除所述注入阻挡层。
具体的,在本实施例中,所述注入阻挡层为光刻胶层,采用剥离工艺,即可完全消除所述注入阻挡层。
接着,执行步骤S205:在所述FRD元胞区的上表面形成金属电极层,所述金属电极层电连接所述IGBT元胞区上表面的铜电极层;
具体的,在本步骤中,在所述FRD元胞区的上表面形成金属电极层,所述金属电极层可以为铝电极层,所述形成铝电极层的工艺可以为溅射、蒸发等,从而形成完整的FRD,并且,所述铝电极层电连接所述IGBT元胞区上表面的铜电极层,进而形成完整的器件。
在本申请的其他实施例中,所述金属电极层还可以为铜、银、铂等电极层。本实施例中的逆导IGBT器件的制作方法,通过离子注入对FRD元胞区进行少子寿命控制,从而提高了器件的性能。同时,在IGBT元胞区形成铜电极层,由于该铜电极层作为IGBT元胞区的金属电极的同时,还能够作为离子注入过程中的阻挡层,保护IGBT元胞区的半导体结构不受离子注入的影响,从而实现了在对FRD元胞区进行少子寿命控制的同时,不影响IGBT元胞区的少子寿命,进一步提高器件的性能。并且,采用铜金属层作为IGBT金属电极,可以在封装时,将金属引线键合在IGBT区表面的铜层上,而不是FRD区的铝层上, 进一步增加了器件的稳定性。
实施例二
本实施例提供采用上述实施例方法制作的逆导IGBT器件,该器件包括,半导体结构,所述半导体结构包括IGBT元胞区和围绕所述IGBT元胞区的FRD元胞区。其中,如图5所示,所述IGBT元胞区上表面具有铜电极层301,所述铜金属层的厚度为5μm~30μm。所述FRD元胞区上表面具有金属电极层302,且所述金属电极层电连接所述IGBT元胞区上表面的铜电极层。
本实施例中的逆导IGBT器件,通过离子注入对FRD元胞区进行少子寿命控制,从而提高了器件的性能。并且,在IGBT元胞区形成铜电极层,由于该铜电极层作为IGBT元胞区的金属电极的同时,还能够作为离子注入过程中的阻挡层,保护IGBT元胞区的半导体结构不受离子注入的影响,从而实现了在对FRD元胞区进行少子寿命控制的同时,不影响IGBT元胞区的少子寿命,进一步提高器件的性能。并且,采用铜金属层作为IGBT金属电极,进一步增加了器件的稳定性。
需要说明的是,本说明书中的各个实施例均采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似的部分互相参见即可。对于装置类实施例而言,由于其与方法实施例基本相似,所以描述的比较简单,相关之处参见方法实施例的部分说明即可。
最后,还需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括所述要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备中还存在另外的相同要素。
本文中应用了具体个例对本申请的原理及实施方式进行了阐述,以上实施例的说明只是用于帮助理解本申请的方法及其核心思想;同时,对于本领域的 一般技术人员,依据本申请的思想,在具体实施方式及应用范围上均会有改变之处,综上所述,本说明书内容不应理解为对本申请的限制。

Claims (11)

  1. 一种逆导IGBT器件的制作方法,其特征在于,包括:
    基于包括相互分离的IGBT元胞区和快速恢复二极管元胞区的半导体结构,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层;
    以所述铜电极层为阻挡层,对所述半导体结构进行离子注入,所述离子注入用于所述快速恢复二极管元胞区的少子寿命控制;
    在所述快速恢复二极管元胞区的上表面形成金属电极层,所述金属电极层电连接所述IGBT元胞区上表面的铜电极层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述铜电极层的厚度为2μm~30μm。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述离子注入的离子为Pt、He或H离子。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层,包括:
    在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成图形化的掩膜层;
    在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜金属层;
    去除所述掩膜层,在所述IGBT元胞区的上表面形成铜电极层。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述掩膜层为光刻胶掩膜层。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的方法,其特征在于,所述掩膜层的高度大于所述铜电极层的高度。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述形成铜电极层之后,进行离子注入之前,还包括:
    在所述半导体结构上的IGBT元胞区和快速恢复二极管元胞区之外的区域上形成注入阻挡层。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述注入阻挡层为光刻胶层。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述进行离子注入之后,还包括:
    去除所述注入阻挡层。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述金属电极层为铝电极层。
  11. 一种逆导IGBT器件,其特征在于,采用权利要求1~10任一权利要求所述的方法形成的逆导IGBT器件。
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CN103715083A (zh) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-09 中国科学院微电子研究所 Frd的制备方法
CN103311245A (zh) * 2013-06-08 2013-09-18 株洲南车时代电气股份有限公司 一种逆导igbt芯片及其制备方法
CN105244274A (zh) * 2015-11-19 2016-01-13 株洲南车时代电气股份有限公司 一种逆导型igbt器件及其制作方法

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CN111211168B (zh) * 2020-01-13 2022-06-10 上海擎茂微电子科技有限公司 一种rc-igbt芯片及其制造方法

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