Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
  • A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K39/395—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum
  • A61K39/42—Antibodies; Immunoglobulins; Immune serum, e.g. antilymphocytic serum viral
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P1/00—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
  • A61P1/16—Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P19/00—Drugs for skeletal disorders
  • A61P19/02—Drugs for skeletal disorders for joint disorders, e.g. arthritis, arthrosis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
  • A61P31/14—Antivirals for RNA viruses
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
  • A61P9/10—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system for treating ischaemic or atherosclerotic diseases, e.g. antianginal drugs, coronary vasodilators, drugs for myocardial infarction, retinopathy, cerebrovascula insufficiency, renal arteriosclerosis
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K14/00—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof
  • C07K14/005—Peptides having more than 20 amino acids; Gastrins; Somatostatins; Melanotropins; Derivatives thereof from viruses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
  • C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
  • C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
  • C07K16/1002—Coronaviridae
  • C07K16/1003—Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 [SARS‐CoV‐2 or Covid-19]
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
  • C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
  • C07K16/1036—Retroviridae, e.g. leukemia viruses
  • C07K16/1045—Lentiviridae, e.g. HIV, FIV, SIV
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/08—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses
  • C07K16/10—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against material from viruses from RNA viruses
  • C07K16/1036—Retroviridae, e.g. leukemia viruses
  • C07K16/1045—Lentiviridae, e.g. HIV, FIV, SIV
  • C07K16/1072—Regulatory proteins, e.g. tat, rev, vpt
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K16/00—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies
  • C07K16/40—Immunoglobulins [IGs], e.g. monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies against enzymes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
  • C12N9/0004—Oxidoreductases (1.)
  • C12N9/0069—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, i.e. oxygenases (1.13)
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12Y—ENZYMES
  • C12Y113/00—Oxidoreductases acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) (1.13)
  • C12Y113/11—Oxidoreductases acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen (oxygenases) (1.13) with incorporation of two atoms of oxygen (1.13.11)
  • C12Y113/11031—Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase (1.13.11.31), i.e. lipoxygenase-type-12
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
  • G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
  • G01N33/56983—Viruses
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
  • G01N33/573—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for enzymes or isoenzymes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
  • G01N33/577—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor involving monoclonal antibodies binding reaction mechanisms characterised by the use of monoclonal antibodies; monoclonal antibodies per se are classified with their corresponding antigens
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
  • G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
  • G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
  • G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
  • G01N33/6854—Immunoglobulins
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K39/00—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies
  • A61K2039/505—Medicinal preparations containing antigens or antibodies comprising antibodies
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/20—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin
  • C07K2317/22—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by taxonomic origin from camelids, e.g. camel, llama or dromedary
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/30—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by aspects of specificity or valency
  • C07K2317/34—Identification of a linear epitope shorter than 20 amino acid residues or of a conformational epitope defined by amino acid residues
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/50—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments
  • C07K2317/56—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by immunoglobulin fragments variable (Fv) region, i.e. VH and/or VL
  • C07K2317/569—Single domain, e.g. dAb, sdAb, VHH, VNAR or nanobody®
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07K—PEPTIDES
  • C07K2317/00—Immunoglobulins specific features
  • C07K2317/90—Immunoglobulins specific features characterized by (pharmaco)kinetic aspects or by stability of the immunoglobulin
  • C07K2317/92—Affinity (KD), association rate (Ka), dissociation rate (Kd) or EC50 value
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
  • C12N2760/00011—Details
  • C12N2760/14011—Filoviridae
  • C12N2760/14111—Ebolavirus, e.g. Zaire ebolavirus
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N2760/00—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA ssRNA viruses negative-sense
  • C12N2760/00011—Details
  • C12N2760/14011—Filoviridae
  • C12N2760/14111—Ebolavirus, e.g. Zaire ebolavirus
  • C12N2760/14122—New viral proteins or individual genes, new structural or functional aspects of known viral proteins or genes
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
  • G01N2333/005—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature from viruses
  • G01N2333/08—RNA viruses
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
  • G01N2333/90—Enzymes; Proenzymes
  • G01N2333/902—Oxidoreductases (1.)
  • G01N2333/90241—Oxidoreductases (1.) acting on single donors with incorporation of molecular oxygen, i.e. oxygenases (1.13)
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2333/00—Assays involving biological materials from specific organisms or of a specific nature
  • G01N2333/90—Enzymes; Proenzymes
  • G01N2333/91—Transferases (2.)
  • G01N2333/912—Transferases (2.) transferring phosphorus containing groups, e.g. kinases (2.7)
  • G01N2333/91205—Phosphotransferases in general
  • G01N2333/91245—Nucleotidyltransferases (2.7.7)
  • G01N2333/9125—Nucleotidyltransferases (2.7.7) with a definite EC number (2.7.7.-)
  • G01N2333/9128—RNA-directed DNA polymerases, e.g. RT (2.7.7.49)
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2469/00—Immunoassays for the detection of microorganisms
  • G01N2469/10—Detection of antigens from microorganism in sample from host
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
  • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
  • G01N2469/00—Immunoassays for the detection of microorganisms
  • G01N2469/20—Detection of antibodies in sample from host which are directed against antigens from microorganisms

Definitions

• sdAbs single-domain antibodies
• sdAbs single antigen-binding proteins or as an antigen-binding domain in larger protein or polypeptide
• advantages of sdAbs include: only a single domain is required to bind an antigen with high affinity and with high selectivity; sdAbs can be expressed from a single gene and require no post-translational modification; sdAbs are highly stable to denaturing agents or conditions including heat, pH, and proteases; sdAbs are inexpensive to prepare; and sdAbs can access targets and epitopes not accessible to conventional antibodies.
• compositions and methods to treat or prevent a disease that do not rely on exogenous targeting sequences or chemical compositions in order to enter the cell, and that are effective in targeting only the affected cells in the body.
• the present invention relates to single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), proteins and polypeptides comprising the sdAbs.
• the sdAbs are directed against targets that cause a condition or disease.
• the invention also includes nucleic acids encoding the sdAbs, proteins and polypeptides, and compositions comprising the sdAbs.
• the invention includes the use of the compositions, sdAbs, proteins or polypeptides for prophylactic, therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
• the invention also includes the use of monoclonal antibodies directed towards the sdAbs of the invention.
• the present invention is directed to sdAbs used to treat or prevent a condition or disease.
• One embodiment is directed to an anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase single domain antibody (sdAb).
• HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sdAb comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:27.
• the invention also includes a method of treating a disease, preventing development of a disease, or preventing recurrence of a disease in a subject using an anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sdAb by administration of effective amount of the anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sdAb to a subject in need thereof.
• the subject can be a mammal, such as a human.
• the anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sdAb can be administered in combination with one or more compounds such as, for example, a protease inhibitor.
• Administration of an effective amount of the anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sdAb to a subject in need thereof can be by intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, oral administration, rectal administration, enteral administration, parenteral administration, intraocular administration, subcutaneous administration, transdermal administration, administered as eye drops, administered as nasal spray, administered by inhalation or nebulization, topical
• the invention is directed to an isolated polypeptide having the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:27.
• the invention includes an antibody directed toward the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:27.
• the invention includes a method of measuring the levels of an anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sdAb in a sample from a subject, the method comprising the steps of: a) generating a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against one or more domains of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:27; b) obtaining a sample from the subject; c) performing a quantitative immunoassay with the mouse monoclonal antibody and the sample to determine the amount of sdAb in a subject; thus measuring the amount of sdAb in the subject.
• the quantitative immunoassay comprises an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), specific analyte labeling and recapture assay (SALRA), liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, or a combination thereof.
• ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
• SALRA specific analyte labeling and recapture assay
• liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
• fluorescence-activated cell sorting or a combination thereof.
• Another embodiment of the invention is directed to an anti-Ebola VP24 sdAb.
• the anti-Ebola VP 24 sdAb comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:55.
• the invention also includes a method of treating a disease, preventing development of a disease, or preventing recurrence of a disease in a subject using an anti- Ebola VP24 sdAb by administration of effective amount of the anti-Ebola VP24 sdAb to a subject in need thereof.
• the subject can be a mammal, such as a human.
• the anti-Ebola VP24 sdAb can be administered in combination with one or more compounds such as, for example, a protease inhibitor.
• Administration of an effective amount of the anti-Ebola VP24 sdAb to a subject in need thereof can be by intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, oral administration, rectal administration, enteral administration, parenteral administration, intraocular administration, subcutaneous administration, transdermal administration, administered as eye drops, administered as nasal spray, administered by inhalation or nebulization, topical administration, and administered as an implantable drug.
• the invention is directed to an isolated polypeptide having the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:55.
• the invention includes an antibody directed toward the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:55.
• the invention includes a method of measuring the levels of an anti-Ebola VP24 sdAb in a sample from a subject, the method comprising the steps of: a) generating a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against one or more domains of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:55; b) obtaining a sample from the subject; c) performing a quantitative immunoassay with the mouse monoclonal antibody and the sample to determine the amount of sdAb in a subject; thus measuring the amount of sdAb in the subject.
• the quantitative immunoassay with the mouse monoclonal antibody and the sample to determine the amount of sdAb in a subject.
• immunoassay comprises an ELISA, SALRA, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, or a combination thereof.
• Yet another embodiment of the invention is directed to an anti-arachidonate 12- lipoxygenase (ALOX12) sdAb.
• the anti-ALOX12 sdAb comprises the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, or SEQ ID NO: 52.
• the invention also includes a method of treating a disease, preventing development of a disease, or preventing recurrence of a disease in a subject using an anti-ALOX12 sdAb by administration of effective amount of the anti-ALOX12 sdAb to a subject in need thereof.
• the subject can be a mammal, such as a human.
• the anti-ALOX12 sdAb can be administered in combination with one or more compounds.
• Administration of an effective amount of the anti-ALOX12 sdAb to a subject in need thereof can be by intravenous administration, intramuscular administration, oral administration, rectal administration, enteral
• parenteral administration parenteral administration, intraocular administration, subcutaneous administration, transdermal administration, administered as eye drops, administered as nasal spray, administered by inhalation or nebulization, topical administration, and administered as an implantable drug.
• the invention is directed to an isolated polypeptide having the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, or SEQ ID NO:52.
• the invention includes an antibody directed toward the polypeptide of SEQ ID NO:49, SEQ ID NO:50, SEQ ID NO:51, or SEQ ID NO:52.
• the invention includes a method of measuring the levels of an anti-HIV-1 reverse transcriptase sdAb in a sample from a subject, the method comprising the steps of: a) generating a mouse monoclonal antibody directed against one or more domains of a polypeptide comprising the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO:27; b) obtaining a sample from the subject; c) performing a quantitative immunoassay with the mouse monoclonal antibody and the sample to determine the amount of sdAb in a subject; thus measuring the amount of sdAb in the subject.
• the quantitative immunoassay comprises an ELISA, SALRA, liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, or a combination thereof.
• Figures 1 and 2 depict the results of an ELISA using HIV1-9 anti-HIV-1 RT sdAb (SEQ ID NO:27);
• Figures 3 and 4 depict the results of an ELISA using a dilution series of HIV1-9 anti-HIV-1 RT sdAb (SEQ ID NO:27);
• Figures 5 through 8 depict the results of an ELISA using VP24-5 anti-Ebola VP24 sdAb (SEQ ID NO:55);
• Figures 9 and 10 depict the results of an ELISA using a dilution series of VP24-5 anti-Ebola VP24 sdAb (SEQ ID NO:55).
• antigenic determinant refers to the epitope on the antigen recognized by the antigen-binding molecule (such as an sdAb or polypeptide of the invention) and more in particular by the antigen-binding site of the antigen-binding molecule.
• antigenic determinant and “epitope” may also be used interchangeably.
• An amino acid sequence that can bind to, that has affinity for and/or that has specificity for a specific antigenic determinant, epitope, antigen or protein is said to be "against” or “directed against” the antigenic determinant, epitope, antigen or protein.
• the sdAbs, polypeptides and proteins described herein can contain so-called "conservative" amino acid substitutions, which can generally be described as amino acid substitutions in which an amino acid residue is replaced with another amino acid residue of similar chemical structure and which has little or essentially no influence on the function, activity or other biological properties of the polypeptide.
• Conservative amino acid substitutions are well known in the art.
• Conservative substitutions are substitutions in which one amino acid within the following groups (a)-(e) is substituted by another amino acid within the same group: (a) small aliphatic, nonpolar or slightly polar residues: Ala, Ser, Thr, Pro and Gly; (b) polar, negatively charged residues and their (uncharged) amides: Asp, Asn, Glu and Gin; (c) polar, positively charged residues: His, Arg and Lys; (d) large aliphatic, nonpolar residues: Met, Leu, He, Val and Cys; and (e) aromatic residues: Phe, Tyr and Trp.
• a "domain” as used herein generally refers to a globular region of an antibody chain, and in particular to a globular region of a heavy chain antibody, or to a polypeptide that essentially consists of such a globular region.
• the amino acid sequence and structure of an sdAb is typically made up of four framework regions or "FRs,” which are referred to as “Framework region 1" or “FR1”; as “Framework region 2" or”FR2”; as “Framework region 3" or “FR3”; and as “Framework region 4" or “FR4,” respectively.
• the framework regions are interrupted by three
• CDRs complementarity determining regions or "CDRs,” which are referred as “Complementarity Determining Region 1" or “CDR1”; as “Complementarity Determining Region 2" or “CDR2”; and as “Complementarity Determining Region 3" or “CDR3,” respectively.
• the term “humanized sdAb” means an sdAb that has had one or more amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence of the naturally occurring VHH sequence replaced by one or more of the amino acid residues that occur at the corresponding position in a VH domain from a conventional 4-chain antibody from a human. This can be performed by methods that are well known in the art. For example, the FRs of the sdAbs can be replaced by human variable FRs.
• an "isolated" nucleic acid or amino acid has been separated from at least one other component with which it is usually associated, such as its source or medium, another nucleic acid, another protein/polypeptide, another biological component or macromolecule or contaminant, impurity or minor component.
• mammal is defined as an individual belonging to the class Mammalia and includes, without limitation, humans, domestic and farm animals, and zoo, sports, and pet animals, such as cows, horses, sheep, dogs and cats.
• pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is intended to include any and all solvents, dispersion media, coatings, antibacterial and antifungal agents, isotonic and absorption delaying agents, and the like, compatible with pharmaceutical administration. Suitable carriers are described in the most recent edition of Remington' s Pharmaceutical Sciences, a standard reference text in the field. Preferred examples of such carriers or diluents include, but are not limited to, water, saline, Ringer's solutions, dextrose solution, PBS (phosphate -buffered saline), and 5% human serum albumin. Liposomes, cationic lipids and non-aqueous vehicles such as fixed oils may also be used.
• a "quantitative immunoassay” refers to any means of measuring an amount of antigen present in a sample by using an antibody. Methods for performing quantitative immunoassays include, but are not limited to, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), specific analyte labeling and recapture assay (SALRA), liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, and the like.
• ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
• SALRA specific analyte labeling and recapture assay
• liquid chromatography mass spectrometry
• fluorescence-activated cell sorting and the like.
• solution refers to a composition comprising a solvent and a solute, and includes true solutions and suspensions.
• solutions include a solid, liquid or gas dissolved in a liquid and particulates or micelles suspended in a liquid.
• the term "specificity" refers to the number of different types of antigens or antigenic determinants to which a particular antigen-binding molecule or antigen-binding protein molecule can bind.
• the specificity of an antigen-binding protein can be determined based on affinity and/or avidity.
• the affinity represented by the equilibrium constant for the dissociation of an antigen with an antigen-binding protein (KD) is a measure for the binding strength between an antigenic determinant and an antigen-binding site on the antigen-binding protein: the lesser the value of the KD, the stronger the binding strength between an antigenic determinant and the antigen-binding molecule (alternatively, the affinity can also be expressed as the affinity constant (KA), which is 1/KD).
• affinity can be determined depending on the specific antigen of interest.
• Avidity is the measure of the strength of binding between an antigen-binding molecule and the antigen.
• Avidity is related to both the affinity between an antigenic determinant and its antigen binding site on the antigen-binding molecule and the number of pertinent binding sites present on the antigen-binding molecule.
• Specific binding of an antigen-binding protein to an antigen or antigenic determinant can be determined by any known manner, such as, for example, Scatchard analysis and/or competitive binding assays, such as radioimmunoassays (RIA), enzyme immunoassays (EIA) and sandwich competition assays.
• RIA radioimmunoassays
• EIA enzyme immunoassays
• sandwich competition assays sandwich competition assays.
• a "single domain antibody,” “sdAb” or “VHH” can be generally defined as a polypeptide or protein comprising an amino acid sequence that is comprised of four framework regions interrupted by three complementarity determining regions. This is represented as FR1-CDR1-FR2-CDR2-FR3-CDR3-FR4.
• An sdAb of the invention also includes a polypeptide or protein that comprises the sdAb amino acid sequence.
• sdAbs are produced in camelids such as llamas, but can also be synthetically generated using techniques that are well known in the art.
• variable domains present in naturally occurring heavy chain antibodies will also be referred to as "VHH domains,” in order to distinguish them from the heavy chain variable domains that are present in conventional 4-chain antibodies, referred to as “VH domains,” and from the light chain variable domains that are present in conventional 4-chain antibodies, referred to as “VL domains.”
• VHH and sdAb are used interchangeably herein.
• the numbering of the amino acid residues of an sdAb or polypeptide is according to the general numbering for VH domains given by Kabat et al. ("Sequence of proteins of immunological interest," US Public Health Services, NIH Bethesda, MD, Publication No. 91).
• FRl of an sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 1-30
• CDR1 of an sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 31-36
• FR2 of an sdAb comprises the amino acids at positions 36-49
• CDR2 of an sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 50-65
• FR3 of an sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 66-94
• CDR3 of an sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 95-102
• FR4 of an sdAb comprises the amino acid residues at positions 103-113.
• synthetic refers to production by in vitro chemical or enzymatic synthesis.
• target refers to any component, antigen, or moiety that is recognized by the sdAb.
• intracellular target refers to any component, antigen, or moiety present inside a cell.
• transmembrane target is a component, antigen, or moiety that is located within the cell membrane.
• extracellular target refers to a component, antigen, or moiety that is located outside of the cell.
• a "therapeutic composition” as used herein means a substance that is intended to have a therapeutic effect such as pharmaceutical compositions, genetic materials, biologies, and other substances.
• Genetic materials include substances intended to have a direct or indirect genetic therapeutic effect such as genetic vectors, genetic regulator elements, genetic structural elements, DNA, RNA and the like.
• Biologies include substances that are living matter or derived from living matter intended to have a therapeutic effect.
• prophylactically effective amount refers to an amount that provides a therapeutic benefit in the treatment, prevention, or management of a disease or an overt symptom of the disease.
• the therapeutically effective amount may treat a disease or condition, a symptom of disease, or a predisposition toward a disease, with the purpose to cure, heal, alleviate, relieve, alter, remedy, ameliorate, improve, or affect the disease, the symptoms of disease, or the predisposition toward disease.
• the specific amount that is therapeutically effective can be readily determined by an ordinary medical practitioner, and may vary depending on factors known in the art, such as, e.g., the type of disease, the patient's history and age, the stage of disease, and the administration of other therapeutic agents.
• the present invention relates to single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) that are directed against viral and intracellular components, as well as to proteins and polypeptides comprising the sdAbs and nucleotides encoding the proteins and polypeptides.
• the invention can also relate to sdAbs that are directed against intercellular, transcellular and extracellular targets or antigens.
• the invention also includes nucleic acids encoding the sdAbs, proteins and polypeptides, and compositions comprising the sdAbs.
• the invention includes the use of the compositions, sdAbs, proteins or polypeptides for prophylactic, therapeutic or diagnostic purposes.
• SdAbs have a number of unique structural characteristics and functional properties which make sdAbs highly advantageous for use as functional antigen-binding domains or proteins. SdAbs functionally bind to an antigen in the absence of a light chain variable domain, and can function as a single, relatively small, functional antigen-binding structural unit, domain or protein. This distinguishes sdAbs from the domains of conventional antibodies, which by themselves do not function as an antigen-binding protein or domain, but need to be combined with conventional antibody fragments such as antigen-binding fragments (Fab) or single chain variable fragments (ScFv) in order to bind an antigen.
• Fab antigen-binding fragments
• ScFv single chain variable fragments
• SdAbs can be obtained using methods that are well known in the art.
• one method for obtaining sdAbs includes (a) immunizing a Camelid with one or more antigens, (b) isolating peripheral lymphocytes from the immunized Camelid, obtaining the total RNA and synthesizing the corresponding complementary DNAs (cDNAs), (c) constructing a library of cDNA fragments encoding VHH domains, (d) transcribing the VHH domain-encoding cDNAs obtained in step (c) to messenger RNA (mRNA) using PCR, converting the mRNA to ribosome display format, and selecting the VHH domain by ribosome display, and (e) expressing the VHH domain in a suitable vector and, optionally purifying the expressed VHH domain.
• mRNA messenger RNA
• Another method of obtaining the sdAbs of the invention is by preparing a nucleic acid encoding an sdAb using techniques for nucleic acid synthesis, followed by expression of the nucleic acid in vivo or in vitro. Additionally, the sdAb, polypeptides and proteins of the invention can be prepared using synthetic or semi- synthetic techniques for preparing proteins, polypeptides or other amino acid sequences.
• the sdAbs of the invention will generally bind to all naturally occurring or synthetic analogs, variants, mutants, alleles, parts and fragments of the target, or at least to those analogs, variants, mutants, alleles, parts and fragments of the target that contain one or more antigenic determinants or epitopes that are essentially the same as the antigenic determinant or epitope to which the sdAbs of the invention bind in the wild-type target.
• the sdAbs of the invention may bind to such analogs, variants, mutants, alleles, parts and fragments with an affinity and/or specificity that is the same as, or that is higher than or lower than the affinity and specificity with which the sdAbs of the invention bind to the wild-type target. It is also contemplated within the scope of the invention that the sdAbs of the invention bind to some analogs, variants, mutants, alleles, parts and fragments of the target but not to others.
• the sdAb of the invention may be humanized, and may be monovalent or multivalent, and/or multispecific.
• the sdAbs of the invention can bind to the phosphorylated form of the target protein as well as the unphosphorylated form of the target protein. sdAbs can be linked to other molecules such as albumin or other macro molecules.
• the sdAbs are multivalent, that is, the sdAb can have two or more proteins or polypeptides which are directed against two or more different epitopes of the target.
• the protein or polypeptide may be directed, for example, against the same epitopes, substantially equivalent epitopes, or different epitopes.
• the different epitopes may be located on the same target, or it could be on two or more different targets.
• sequence of one or more sdAbs of the invention may be connected or joined with one or more linker sequences.
• the linker can be, for example, a protein sequence containing a combination of serines, glycines and alanines.
• the sdAbs of the invention are mainly intended for therapeutic and/or diagnostic use, they are directed against mammalian, preferably human, targets. However, it is possible that the sdAbs described herein are cross-reactive with targets from other species, for example, with targets from one or more other species of primates or other animals (for example, mouse, rat, rabbit, pig or dog), and in particular in animal models for diseases and disorders associated with the disease associated with the targets.
• the invention relates to a nucleic acid that encodes an sdAb of the invention.
• a nucleic acid may be, for example, in the form of a genetic construct.
• the invention relates to host or host cell that expresses or is capable of expressing an sdAb of the invention, and/or that contains a nucleic acid encoding an sdAb of the invention. Sequences of the sdAbs can be used to insert into the genome of any organism to create a genetically modified organism (GMO). Examples include, but are not limited to, plants, bacteria, viruses, and animals. [0049] The invention further relates to methods for preparing or generating the sdAbs, nucleic acids encoding the sdAbs, host cells expressing or capable of expressing such sdAbs, products and compositions containing the sdAbs of the invention.
• GMO genetically modified organism
• the invention further relates to applications and uses of the sdAbs, the nucleic acids encoding the sdAbs, host cells, products and compositions described herein.
• a product or composition may, for example, be a pharmaceutical composition for treatment or prevention of a disease, or a product or composition for diagnostic use.
• the sdAbs can be used in a variety of assays, for example ELISA assays and mass spectrometry assays to measure the serum and tissue levels of the sdAbs.
• nucleic acid encoding one or more sdAbs of the invention can be inserted into the genome of an organism to treat or prevent diseases.
• the present invention generally relates to sdAbs, as well as to proteins or polypeptides comprising or essentially consisting of one or more of such sdAbs, that can be used for prophylactic, therapeutic and/or diagnostic purposes.
• compositions detailed in the present invention can be used to treat diseases described herein, and can be used with any dosage and/or formulation described herein or otherwise known, as well as with any route of administration described herein or otherwise known to one of skill in the art.
• the sdAbs of the invention can be used for treatment and prevention of diseases caused by viruses or by aberrant cellular proteins.
• the sdAbs of the present invention can also be used for treatment and prevention of diseases.
• the sdAbs of the invention can be used to target diseases when there is an overexpression of an intracellular molecule. They can also be used to treat viral infections by targeting intracellular viral proteins in infected cells. Blocking production of viral proteins, such as, for example, HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, can block the viral life-cycle.
• the sdAbs of the invention can also target intracellular viral proteins such as Ebola VP24 and thus block Ebola's ability to shut down the host's anti-viral immune response.
• the sdAbs of the invention can be used with one or more compounds.
• the sdAb of the invention can be used with JAK/STAT inhibitors such as, for example, Curcumin, Resveratrol, Cucurbitacin A, B, E, I, Q, Flavopiridol,
• the one or more compounds can increase the therapeutic response and augment the effectiveness of the sdAbs of the invention.
• the effectiveness of the sdAbs can be increased by combining it with peptides, peptidomimetics, and other drugs, such as, for example, but not limited to, cimetidine, atorvastatin, celecoxib, metformin, and cimetidine.
• one or more sdAbs of the invention can be combined, or the sdAbs of the invention can be combined with other sdAbs.
• certain sdAbs of the invention can cross the cell membrane and enter the cell without the aid of additional targeting protein sequences on the sdAb, and without the aid of exogenous compounds that direct the sdAb to bind to the cell surface receptors and cross the cell membrane.
• these sdAbs can target transmembrane or intracellular molecules or antigens.
• These targets can be, for example, proteins,
• the sdAb targets may function as enzymes, structural proteins of the cell, intracellular portions of cell membrane molecules, molecules within the membranes of organelles, any type of RNA molecule, any regions of DNA or chromosome, methylated or unmethylated nucleic acids, partially assembled molecules within the synthesis mechanism of the cell, second messenger molecules, and molecules within cell signaling mechanisms.
• Targets may include all molecules in the cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles, and cell membrane. Molecules destined for secretion or placement in the cell membrane can be targeted within the cytoplasm before leaving the cell.
• the sdAb targets can be in humans, animals, plants, fungi, parasites, protists, bacteria, viruses, prions, prokaryotic cells, and eukaryotic cells.
• Some examples of intercellular and intracellular signaling molecules and protein groups that can be targeted by the sdAbs of the invention are: oncogene products, hormones, cytokines, growth factors, neurotransmitters, kinases (including tyrosine kinase, serine kinase, and threonine kinase), phosphatases, ubiquitin, cyclic nucleotides, cyclases (adenylyl and guanylyl), G proteins, phosphodiesterases, GTPase superfamily, immunoglobulins (antibodies, Fab fragments, binders, sdAbs), immunoglobulin superfamily, inositol phosphate lipids, steroid receptors, calmodulin, CD group (
• HIV is a retrovirus that causes acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in humans. AIDS results in progressive failure of the infected individual's immune system, which results in the development of life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers. The average survival time after infection with HIV is estimated to be 9 to 11 years without treatment
• HIV is transmitted as single-stranded, positive-sense, enveloped RNA virus.
• the viral RNA genome is reverse transcribed into double- stranded DNA by a virally encoded reverse transcriptase (RT) that is transported along with the viral genome in the virus particle.
• RT is an RNA-dependent DNA polymerase and also has RNaseH activity.
• the resulting viral DNA is then imported into the host cell nucleus and integrated into the cellular DNA by a virally encoded integrase and host co-factors. Once integrated, the virus may become latent for months or years. Alternatively, the virus may be transcribed, producing new RNA genomes and viral proteins that are packaged and released from the cell as new virus particles.
• HIV-1 and HIV-2 Two types of HIV have been characterized: HIV-1 and HIV-2. HIV-1 is more virulent, more infective, and is the cause of the majority of HIV infections globally. HIV-2 is largely confined to West Africa.
• Anti-HIV RT sdAbs were developed to target HIV- 1 reverse transcriptase.
• the anti-HIV-1 RT sdAb may successfully treat individuals infected with HIV either alone or in combination with other retroviral agents.
• recombinant HIV-1 reverse transcriptase protein (Creative Biomart, Shirley, NY) (SEQ ID NO: 1) was used to generate sdAbs that are directed against or can bind to an epitope of HIV- 1 RT.
• HIVl-1 (SEQ ID NO:2): 5'- gatgtgcagctggtggagtctgggggaggctcggtgcaggctggagggtc
• HIV 1 -2 (SEQ ID NO : 3) : 5 ' -caggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggaggctcggtgcaggctggaga ctctctgagactctcctgtgcagcctctggaaacactgccagtaggttctccatgggctggtttccgccaggctccagggaaggagcgc gagggggtcgcggctatttctgctggtggtaggcttacatactatgccgactccgtgaagggccgattcaccatctcccgagacaacg ccaagaacacgctgtatctggacatgaaacaacctgaaacctgaggacactgccatgtactactgtgccgcaattagtgaccggatgac tggtcaggct
• HIV1-7 (SEQ ID NO:4): 5'-gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctgga gggtctctcaactctcctgtaaagcctctggatacacctacaatagtagagtcgatatcagatctatgggctggttccgccagtatccag gaaaggagcgcgagggggtcgctactattaatattcgtaatagtgtcacatactatgccgactccgtgaagggccgattcaccatctcc caagacaacgccaagaacacggtgtatctgcaaatgaacgccctgaaacctgaggacactgccatgtactactgtgcgttgtcagaca gattcgcggcgcaggtacctgccaccaggtacc
• HIV 1 - 8 (SEQ ID NO : 5) : 5 ' -caggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg gtctcttcaactctcctgtaaagcctctggatacacctacaatagtagagtcgatatcagatctatgggctggttccgccagtatccagga aggagcgcgagggggtcgctactattaatattcgtaatagtgtcacatactatgccgactccgtgaagggccgattcaccatctccca agacaacgccaagaacacggtgtatctgcaaatgaacgccctgaaacctgaggacactgccatgtcgcggcggcagacaga ttcgcggctgaaacctgagg
• HIV1_28 (SEQ ID N0:7): 5'- aggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg gtctcttcaactctcctgtaaagcctctggatacacctacaatagtagagtcgatatcagatctatgggctggttccgccagtatccagga aggagcgcgagggggtcgctactattaatattcgtaatagtgtcacatactatgccgactccgtgaagggccgattcaccatctccca agacaacgccaagaacacggtgtatctgcaaatgaacgccctgaaacctgaggacactgccatgtactactgtgcgtgtgccatgtactactgtgcgtgccatgtgtg
• HIV1-21 SEQ ID N0:8: 5'- gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg
• HIV1-3 SEQ ID NO: 10: 5'- gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg
• HIV1-5 (SEQ ID N0: 11): 5'- gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg
• HIVl-10 (SEQ ID NO: 12): 5'- gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg
• HIV1_29 (SEQ ID N0: 13): 5'- gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcagtgcaggctggagg
• HIV 1_32 (SEQ ID NO : 14) : 5 ' - gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg
• HIV1-9 (SEQ ID N0: 15): 5'- gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggaggctcggtgcaggctggagg
• HIV1-16 (SEQ ID N0: 16): 5'- caggtgcagctctgtttacagctacacacacaaactgcatgggttggttccgccaggctccagggaaggagcgcg agggggtcgcagttatttatgctgctggtggattaacatactatgccgactccgtgaagggccgattcaccatctcccaggagaatggc aagaacacggtgtacctgacgatgaaccgcctgaaacctgaggacactgccatgtactactgtgcggcaaagcgatggtgtagtagc tggaatcgcggtgaggagtataactactggggccaggacccaggtcactgtctctca-3' [0081] HIV1-16 (SEQ ID N0: 16): 5'- caggtgcagctg
• HIV1-13 (SEQ ID N0: 17): 5'- gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg
• HIV1_35 (SEQ ID N0: 18): 5'- gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg
• HIV1_22 (SEQ ID NO:20): 5'- caggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg
• HIV1-4 (SEQ ID N0:21): 5'- catgtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg gtctcttcaactctcctgtaaagcctctggatacacctacaatagtagagtcgatatcagatctatgggctggttccgccagtatccagga aggagcgcgagggggtcgctactattaatattcgtaatagtgtcacatactatgccgactccgtgaagggccgattcaccatctccca agacaacgccaagaacacggtgtatctgcaaatgaacgccctgaaacctgaggacactgccatgtactactgtgtgtgccatgtactactgtgtgtgccatgtactactgtgtt
• HIV1_23 (SEQ ID NO:23): 5'- gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg
• HIV1_25 (SEQ ID NO:24): 5'- gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggagactcggtgcaggctggagg
• HIVl-1 (SEQ ID NO:25):
• HIV1-2 SEQ ID NO:26:
• HIV1-9 (SEQ ID NO:27):
• HIV1-16 (SEQ ID N0:28):
• HIV1-27 SEQ ID NO:29
• HIV1-30 QVQLVESGGGSVQAGGSLRLSCAASVYSYNTN CMGWFRQAPGKEREGAAVIYAAGGLTYYADSVKGRFTISQENGKNTVYLTMNRLK PEDTAMYYCAAKRWCSSWNRGEEYNYWGQGTQVTVSS
• HIV1-21 SEQ ID NO:31: EVQLVESGGDSVQAGGSLQLSCKASGYTYNSR VDIRSMGWFRQYPGKEREGVATINIRNSVTYYADSVKGRFTISQDNAKNTVYLQMN ALKPEDTAMYYCALSDRFAAQVPARYGIRPSDYNYWGEGTQVTVSS
• HIV1-4 SEQ ID NO:32: HVQLVESGGDSVQAGGSLQLSCKASGYTYNSR
• HIV1-6 SEQ ID NO:33:
• HIV1-7 (SEQ ID NO:34):
• HIV1-8 (SEQ ID NO:35):
• HIVl-11 SEQ ID NO:36
• HIV1-13 (SEQ ID NO:37):
• HIV1-23 SEQ ID NO:38
• HIV1-24 (SEQ ID NO:39):
• HIV1-25 SEQ ID NO:40
• HIV1-31 SEQ ID NO:41:
• HIV1-38 SEQ ID NO:42:
• HIV1-39 SEQ ID NO:43
• mouse monoclonal antibodies can be generated against one or more domains of the anti-HIV- 1 RT sdAbs of the invention.
• the mouse monoclonal antibody can be generated by methods that are known by one of skill in the art, for example, the mouse monoclonal antibody can be produced by a mouse hybridoma.
• the mouse monoclonal antibody can be used in diagnostic assays, for example, the antibody can be used in an immunoassay such as an ELISA or mass spectrometry assay in order to measure the amount of anti-HIV- 1 RT sdAb present in a sample from a patient.
• ALOX12 Arachidonate 12-lipoxygenase
• ALOX12 is also known as platelet-type 12-lipoxygenase, arachidonate oxygen 12-oxidoreductase, Deltal2-lipoxygenase, 12Delta-lipoxygenase, C-12 lipoxygenase, leukotriene A4 synthase, and LTA4 synthase.
• ALOX12 is a lipoxygenase-type enzyme that participates in arachidonic acid metabolism. ALOX12 has been implicated in the
• ALOX12 has also been thought to regulate blood vessel contraction, dilation, pressure, remodeling, and angiogenesis. Inhibition of ALOX12 prevents the development of blood vessel formation and thus ALOX12 is a target for reducing neo- vascularization that promotes atherosclerosis, Steatohepatitis, and other arthritic and cancer diseases. Elevated amounts of ALOX12 may contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease.
• the present invention provides sdAbs, proteins, and polypeptides that are directed against the ALOX12 protein.
• the anti-ALOX12 sdAbs and polypeptides of the invention can be used for the prevention and/or treatment of diseases and disorders associated with and/or mediated by ALOX12, such as diabetes, adipose cell dysfunction, obesity, atherosclerosis, Steatohepatitis, arthritis and cancer.
• ALOX12 diseases and disorders associated with and/or mediated by ALOX12
• Recombinant human ALOX12 protein was used to generate sdAbs that are directed against or can bind to an epitope of ALOX12.
• recombinant human ALOX12 was expressed in Escherichia coli and used as the target antigen.
• ALOX_21 (SEQ ID NO:45): 5'-gaggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggaggttcggtgcagg ctggagggtctctgaggatctcctgtacagcctctggattcactttttgatgacactgacatgggctggtaccgccagactctaggaaatg ggtgcgagttggtttctcagattagtaatgatggtagtacattctatagagattccgtgaagggccgattcaccatctcctgggaccgcgt caacaacacggtgtatctgcaaatgagcgccctgagacctgaggacacggccatgtattactgcaatatcaacgggtgtaggagacc ctcttcactttttggtggaccg
• ALOX_41 (SEQ ID NO:46): 5'-caggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggaggctcggtgcagg ctggagggtctctgacactgtcctgtgtagcctctggatacggctacagtgccacgtgcatgggctggttccgccaggctccagggaa ggagcgcgagggggtcgcgtctatttcaccttatggtgttagaaccttctatgccgactccgcgaaaggccgattcaccgtctccccgag acaacgccaagaacacgctgtatctgcaaatgaacagcctgaacctgaggacaccctgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgtgt
• ALOX_43 (SEQ ID NO:47): 5'-caggtgcagctggtggagtctgggggaggctcggtgcgg gctggagagtctctgagactctcctgtgtagcctctagatccatctatgtttggtactgcatgggctggttccgccaggctgcagggaag gagcgcgagggggtcggaagtatgttcgttggtggcggtaggacatattatgacgactccgtcaagggccgattcaccatctcccaag acaaggccaagaacacgctgtatctgcaaatggacaacctggcacctgaagacactgccatgtattactgtgcggctgggctgcgggtggcaactggctgagaagcaactggctgctgg
• ALOX_46 (SEQ ID NO:48): 5'-gatgtgcagctggtggagtctgggggaggctcggtgcagg ctggagggtctctgagactctcctgtgcagccactggaaacacctacattagccgctgcatgggctggttccgccagcctccagggaa ggagcgcgaggtggtcgcacgtatttataccgactctggtaatacatactatccccgacgcgtggagggccgattcaccatctcccaa gacaacgccaagaacacgatatatctgcaaatgaacagcctgaacctgacgacaccgccgtgtactactgtgtgctctcagaggccc gtctacaaaaacagcctg
• ALOX_21 (SEQ ID NO:49): EVQLVESGGGSVQAGGSLRISCTAS
• ALOX_41 (SEQ ID NO:50): QVQLVESGGGSVQAGGSLTLSCVAS
• ALOX_43 (SEQ ID NO:51): QVQLVESGGGSVRAGESLRLSCVAS
• ALOX_46 (SEQ ID NO:52): DVQLVESGGGSVQAGGSLRLSCAAT
• mouse monoclonal antibodies can be generated against one or more domains of the anti-ALOX12 sdAbs of the invention.
• the mouse monoclonal antibody can be generated by methods that are known by one of skill in the art, for example, the mouse monoclonal antibody can be produced by a mouse hybridoma.
• the mouse monoclonal antibody can be used in diagnostic assays, for example, the antibody can be used in an immunoassay such as an ELISA or mass spectrometry assay in order to measure the amount of anti-ALOX12 sdAb present in a sample from a patient.
• Ebola also known as Ebola virus disease (EVD) and Ebola hemorrhagic fever (EHF), is a viral hemorrhagic fever of humans and other primates caused by Ebolavirus. The disease has a high risk of death, killing between 25 and 90 percent of those infected, typically six to sixteen days after symptoms appear.
• Ebola interferes with proper functioning of the infected individual's innate immune system. Ebola proteins weaken the immune system' s response to viral infections by interfering with the cells ability to produce and respond to interferon proteins such as interferon- alpha, interferon-beta, and interferon gamma. Ebola's structural proteins, VP24 and VP35, play a key role in this interference. The V24 protein blocks the production of the host cell's antiviral proteins. By inhibiting the host's immune responses, Ebola quickly spreads throughout the body.
• anti-VP24 sdAbs were developed to target Ebola's VP24 protein.
• the anti-VP24 sdAb may successfully treat individuals infected with Ebola either alone or in combination with other retroviral agents.
• recombinant VP24 protein SEQ ID NO:53 was used to generate sdAbs that are directed against or can bind to an epitope of VP24.
• the protein sequence recombinant VP24 protein (SEQ ID NO:53) used for immunization of a camel was:
• VP24_5 As a result of the immunization, one anti-VP24 sdAb, VP24_5 was obtained and screened for binding to VP24.
• the DNA sequence of VP24_5 (SEQ ID. NO:54) is:
• mouse monoclonal antibodies can be generated against one or more domains of the anti-VP24 sdAb of the invention.
• the mouse monoclonal antibody can be generated by methods that are known by one of skill in the art, for example, the mouse monoclonal antibody can be produced by a mouse hybridoma.
• the mouse monoclonal antibody can be used in diagnostic assays, for example, the antibody can be used in an immunoassay such as an ELISA or mass spectrometry assay in order to measure the amount of anti-VP24 sdAb present in a sample from a patient.
• SdAbs were produced from a camel that was immunized with several proteins including ALOX12 (SEQ ID NO:44), VP24 (SEQ ID NO:53), and HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (SEQ ID NO: l).
• phage display library was constructed using the pCDisplay-3M vector (Creative Biogene, Shirley, NY) and M13K07 helper phage (New
• EXAMPLE 2 HIV1-9 (SEQ ID NO:27) SDAB BINDS HIV-1 REVERSE
• the assay buffer contained 10 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 3mM EDTA, 0.05% P20.
• the regeneration buffer contained lOmM glycine HC1 pH 1.75, and the immobilization buffer contained 10 mM sodium acetate, pH 5.0.
• the flow rate used for capturing the ligand was 5ul/min.
• the flow rate used for kinetics analysis was 30 ul/min.
• the ligands used for the protein binding experiment were HIV1-9 (SEQ ID NO:27) and STAT3-VHH 14 (SEQ ID NO:56).
• the ligands were directly immobilized by amine coupling (EDC/NHS) at a response unit (RU) of 1200 and 550 on flow cell 2 and 4, respectively, of a CM5 sensor chip.
• RU response unit
• the un-occupied sites on the CM5 chip were blocked with 1M ethanol amine.
• the analyte, rHIV-1 SEQ ID NO: l
• Binding of analyte to the ligand was monitored in real time.
• the negative control for the protein binding experiments was an anti-STAT3 sdAb, VHH14 (SEQ ID NO:56):
• Two different samples of the HIV1-9 anti-HIV-1 RT sdAb (SEQ ID NO:27) was assessed at 1 ⁇ g/mL against a checkerboard of coating antigen, 2° antibody and HRP concentrations in an ELISA.
• the coating antigen was recombinant HIV-1 RT (Creative BioMart) (SEQ ID NO: l) at 0.5, 0.025 and 0.125 ⁇ g/mL per well.
• the secondary antibody was a rabbit anti-llama biotinylated diluted at 1 :5,000, and 1 : 10,000, HRP at 1 :25,000 and 1:50,000. Signal-to-noise ratios >20 were seen with several of the concentrations.
• the results of the ELISA are shown in Figures 1 and 2.
• Protein binding experiments were performed as described in Example 2.
• the ligands used for protein binding were VP24-5 (SEQ ID NO:55) and STAT3-VHH 14 (SEQ ID NO: 56).
• the ligands were directly immobilized by amine coupling (EDC/NHS) at a response unit (RU) of 427 and 550 on flow cell 2 and 4, respectively, of a CM5 sensor chip.
• Flow cell 1 was kept blank and used for background subtraction.
• the un-occupied sites on the CM5 chip were blocked with 1M ethanol amine.
• the analytes, VP24 (SEQ ID NO: 53) was flowed over the sensor chip and monitored in real time.
• Two different samples of the VP24-5 anti-Ebola VP24 sdAb (SEQ ID NO:55) was assessed at 1 ⁇ g/mL against a checkerboard of coating antigen, 2° antibody and HRP concentrations in an ELISA.
• the coating antigen was recombinant Ebola VP24 (Creative BioMart) (SEQ ID NO:53) at 0.5, 0.025 and 0.125 ⁇ g/mL per well.
• the secondary antibody was a rabbit anti-llama biotinylated diluted at 1:5,000, and 1: 10,000.
• HRP was used at a dilution of 1: 10,000 and 1 :25,000.
• the results of the ELISA are shown in Figures 5 and 6. The signal-to-noise ratios were low and the analysis was repeated with higher concentrations.
• the ELISA was repeated with 1 and 0.5 ⁇ g/mL VP24-5 anti-Ebola VP24 sdAb (SEQ ID NO:55).
• Recombinant VP24 (SEQ ID NO:53) was used at either 0.5 or 1 ⁇ g/mL per well.
• the secondary antibody was a rabbit anti-llama biotinylated diluted at 1 : 1,000, 1:4,000, 1: 10,000, and 1 : 10,000.
• HRP was used at a dilution of 1 :25,000 and 1:50,000.
• the results of the ELISA are shown in Figures 7 and 8.

Landscapes

• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Immunology (AREA)
• Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Virology (AREA)
• Molecular Biology (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Biochemistry (AREA)
• Hematology (AREA)
• Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
• Urology & Nephrology (AREA)
• Biomedical Technology (AREA)
• Proteomics, Peptides & Aminoacids (AREA)
• Biophysics (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
• Microbiology (AREA)
• Oncology (AREA)
• Biotechnology (AREA)
• Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
• Food Science & Technology (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Pathology (AREA)
• Cell Biology (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• AIDS & HIV (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Tropical Medicine & Parasitology (AREA)
• Communicable Diseases (AREA)
• Zoology (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)

Priority Applications (10)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

Family

ID=58634379

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (14)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (5)

Family Cites Families (56)

• 2016
  • 2016-10-31 TW TW105135273A patent/TWI746473B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2016-11-02 RU RU2019126220A patent/RU2742248C2/ru active
  • 2016-11-02 US US15/342,044 patent/US10369223B2/en active Active
  • 2016-11-02 AU AU2016349876A patent/AU2016349876B2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2016-11-02 CA CA3002239A patent/CA3002239A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2016-11-02 CN CN202110795272.5A patent/CN113512112A/zh not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-11-02 BR BR112018008840-4A patent/BR112018008840B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2016-11-02 KR KR1020187015132A patent/KR20180069064A/ko not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-11-02 CN CN201680063523.8A patent/CN108350064B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2016-11-02 WO PCT/US2016/060134 patent/WO2017079314A2/en not_active Ceased
  • 2016-11-02 JP JP2018543026A patent/JP6918005B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2016-11-02 AR ARP160103341A patent/AR106556A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2016-11-02 RU RU2018120245A patent/RU2741110C2/ru active
  • 2016-11-02 RU RU2019126152A patent/RU2742247C2/ru active
  • 2016-11-02 EP EP16862887.3A patent/EP3371215A4/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 2016-11-02 MX MX2018005154A patent/MX2018005154A/es unknown
  • 2016-11-02 US US15/342,032 patent/US10195277B2/en active Active
• 2018
  • 2018-04-16 IL IL258742A patent/IL258742B/en unknown
• 2019
  • 2019-06-18 US US16/444,380 patent/US11214626B2/en active Active
• 2021
  • 2021-07-20 JP JP2021119218A patent/JP7186266B2/ja active Active
  • 2021-11-22 US US17/532,750 patent/US20220089783A1/en not_active Abandoned

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events