WO2017073162A1 - 接合部評価方法 - Google Patents
接合部評価方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017073162A1 WO2017073162A1 PCT/JP2016/075719 JP2016075719W WO2017073162A1 WO 2017073162 A1 WO2017073162 A1 WO 2017073162A1 JP 2016075719 W JP2016075719 W JP 2016075719W WO 2017073162 A1 WO2017073162 A1 WO 2017073162A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/22—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating capacitance
- G01N27/24—Investigating the presence of flaws
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance
- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
- G01N27/20—Investigating the presence of flaws
- G01N27/205—Investigating the presence of flaws in insulating materials
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a joint evaluation method.
- the composite material is a member formed by combining a resin material with a reinforcing material such as carbon fiber.
- Some structures have a joint structure in which structural members are joined together.
- a fastening member such as a bolt and a nut, or an adhesive is used.
- the inspection of the bonding state is conventionally performed by a non-destructive technique using ultrasonic waves.
- Adhesive bonds the adherends by anchor effect (physical bond) or chemical bond.
- the adhesive strength joint strength
- the adhesive strength may be extremely reduced due to surface contamination or the like.
- a state in which the chemical adhesive strength of the adhesive is weakened due to such surface contamination is referred to as a kissing bond.
- Kissing bonds cannot be detected by non-destructive techniques using ultrasonic waves because the adhesive strength is not physically reduced due to the presence of voids or the like. Kissing bonds can be detected by a technique using a laser, but the adhesion interface is destroyed by the laser. Therefore, the product inspection cannot be performed by the technique using a laser.
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for inspecting a kissing bond by a non-destructive method and evaluating a bonding state of a bonding portion.
- the joint evaluation method of the present invention employs the following means.
- the present invention relates to a method for evaluating the bonding state of the bonded portion of a composite material having a bonded portion in which an adherend and another bonded material are bonded with an adhesive as a medium, and an AC signal is applied to the bonded portion. And changing the frequency to measure current and voltage, deriving an evaluation value related to a predetermined electrical characteristic from the current value and voltage value obtained by the measurement, and setting the evaluation value to the predetermined value set in advance Compared with the standard regarding the electrical characteristics of the above, there is provided a joint evaluation method for evaluating the joint state of the joint according to the amount of deviation of the evaluation value from the standard.
- the predetermined electrical characteristic may be a dielectric constant, a polarizability, a capacitance, an AC resistance, or a phase difference.
- the present inventors have found that it is possible to detect a kissing bond by an electrical method and evaluate the bonding state of the bonded portion.
- the bonding state of the bonding portion (chemical state of the bonding interface) is reflected in an evaluation value related to predetermined electrical characteristics obtained by changing the frequency.
- a standard normal value
- the current and the voltage may be measured while applying a predetermined pressure to the bonding interface of the joint.
- the pressure is greater than 1 kPa and 100 MPa or less.
- the adhesion state between the bonding interfaces changes.
- the evaluation value relating to the predetermined electrical characteristics varies greatly depending on the chemical state of the adhesive interface. Since the product may be damaged if the applied pressure is too large, the pressure is preferably 100 MPa or less.
- the electrode When applying pressure to the bonding interface, the electrode is brought into electrical contact with both ends of the bonding interface, and the current and the voltage are measured.
- ⁇ Electric current can be passed through the joint by bringing the electrode into electrical contact with the adhesive interface.
- the current and voltage are measured by changing the frequency without applying a predetermined pressure to the bonding interface of the joint, and the dielectric constant and polarizability are determined from the current value and voltage value obtained by the measurement.
- a first evaluation value relating to either one of the capacitances is derived, the first evaluation value is compared with the reference, and the bonding state of the bonding portion is first evaluated according to the amount of deviation, and
- the current and voltage are measured by changing the frequency while applying a predetermined pressure to the bonding interface of the joint, and a second evaluation value regarding the AC resistance is derived from the current value and the voltage value obtained by the measurement.
- the evaluation value of 2 is compared with the reference, the joint state of the joint portion is secondly evaluated according to the amount of deviation, and the evaluation results of the first evaluation and the second evaluation are correlated to join the joint portion. Overall evaluation of the condition It may be.
- the bonding state can be evaluated with high accuracy.
- the present invention by using an electrical method, it is possible to inspect the kissing bond in a non-destructive manner and evaluate the bonding state of the bonding portion.
- the evaluation target evaluated by the joint evaluation method according to the present embodiment has a joint portion in which an adherend and another adherend are joined together using an adhesive as a medium.
- the adherend and the other adherend are each composed of a composite material.
- the composite material is formed of a binding material (matrix) and fine particles or a fibrous material.
- the binding material is, for example, an epoxy thermosetting resin or a PEEK thermoplastic resin.
- the fine particles are, for example, silica particles, carbon black, and fullerene.
- the fibrous material is, for example, carbon fiber, glass fiber, or aramid fiber.
- the composite material include carbon fiber reinforced thermosetting resin (CFRP), glass fiber reinforced thermosetting resin (GFRP), and carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic resin (CFRTP).
- the adhesive is an epoxy adhesive, an acrylic adhesive, or a polyurethane adhesive.
- the thickness of the adhesive after curing at the joint is about 0.2 mm to 1 mm.
- the joining portion includes an adhesive interface where the adherend and another adherend are joined (adhered).
- the junction evaluation method applies an AC signal to the junction (step S1), changes the frequency to measure current and voltage (step S2), and obtains the current value and voltage value obtained by the measurement. Then, an evaluation value relating to the predetermined electrical characteristic is derived (step S3), and the evaluation value is compared with a predetermined reference relating to the predetermined electrical characteristic (step S4), and depending on the amount of deviation from the evaluation value reference, bonding is performed. That is, the joining state of the part is evaluated (step S5).
- AC signal is AC current or AC voltage.
- an electrical constant measuring instrument such as an LCR meter and an impedance meter, or an AC power source can be used.
- the frequency is changed in the range of 1 kHz to 100 GHz, preferably 100 MHz to 10 GHz.
- the predetermined electrical characteristics are selected in advance from at least one selected from the group consisting of dielectric constant, polarizability, capacitance (capacitance), AC resistance (impedance), or phase difference.
- ⁇ Set a standard in advance for the selected predetermined electrical characteristics.
- the standard is set in advance using, for example, a composite material specimen having conditions (material, shape, adhesive type, etc. of the adherend and another adherend) according to the actual evaluation target. Specifically, a plurality of composite materials having the same shape having joint portions joined with an adhesive are prepared. An AC signal is applied to the composite material to derive an evaluation value related to predetermined electrical characteristics, and then a kissing bond is inspected by a destructive method. An evaluation value in which no kissing bond is detected or an average of evaluation values in which the detected kissing bond is within an allowable range is set as a reference. The kissing bond can be detected by a test involving destruction such as a technique using a laser. An evaluation value at which no kissing bond is detected means that the kissing bond is below the detection limit.
- the criteria can be applied to the evaluation of composite materials under the same conditions.
- the allowable range of kissing bonds is a range that satisfies the adhesive strength of the joint required for the product.
- confirm the adhesive strength of the joint part of the composite material correlate the adhesive strength with the amount of kissing bond (degree of chemical bonding state), and the range of the amount of kissing bond that can guarantee the required strength It is good to confirm.
- the determined amount of kissing bond is correlated with an evaluation value of predetermined electrical characteristics of the specimen. Thereby, the intensity
- the confirmation of the adhesive strength can be carried out by a tensile test or the like.
- the evaluation value related to the predetermined electrical characteristic is derived by calculation from the current value and voltage value obtained by measurement.
- the evaluation value may be calculated and calculated by a function associated with a device for measuring current and voltage.
- the obtained evaluation value is compared with the standard, and the deviation of the evaluation value from the standard is obtained for each frequency.
- the evaluation of the bonding state of the bonding portion is performed according to the amount of deviation. For example, when the amount of deviation from the reference exceeds a predetermined value, it is evaluated as a bonding failure. For example, even if the evaluation value deviates from the reference value, if the amount of deviation is within a threshold that can ensure the required adhesive strength, it is evaluated that the bonding is good.
- the composite material evaluated as having poor bonding may be reinforced with a fastening member or the like.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a measurement system used in the joint evaluation method according to the first embodiment.
- two plate-like adherends 1 and 2 made of a composite material are joined with an adhesive.
- the predetermined electrical characteristic is a capacitance.
- the capacitance is measured by the capacitance measuring device 3.
- the electrodes 4 and 5 of the capacitance measuring device 3 are connected to the end portions of the adherends 1 and 2 so as to sandwich the joint portion 6 (both ends of the adhesion interface).
- the capacitance meter 3 applies an AC signal to the junction 6 and changes the frequency to measure the current value and voltage value. Based on the current value and the voltage value obtained by the measurement, the capacitance is derived by calculation in the capacitance measuring instrument. The derived capacitance is used as an evaluation value, and the evaluation value is compared with a reference for capacitance.
- Figure 2 shows a comparison of the evaluation value with the standard.
- the horizontal axis represents frequency and the vertical axis represents capacitance value (standard value).
- the capacitance value (evaluation value) at low frequency is hardly deviated from the reference (reference value), but the evaluation value is deviated from the reference in the high frequency region (10 MHz to 100 MHz).
- the amount of deviation at a high frequency, particularly 100 MHz is large.
- standard is set to 100 exceeds a threshold value, it evaluates that a joining state is unsatisfactory.
- FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of another measurement system used in the joint evaluation method according to the first embodiment.
- two plate-like adherends 11 and 12 made of a composite material are joined with an adhesive.
- the predetermined electrical characteristic is AC resistance.
- An AC power supply 13 is connected in series with an ammeter 14.
- a voltmeter 15 and an ammeter 14 are arranged in parallel.
- the electrodes 16 and 17 of the voltmeter 15 and the ammeter 14 are connected to the end portions of the adherends 11 and 12 so as to sandwich the joint portion 18 (both ends of the adhesion interface).
- An AC signal is applied to the joint 18 using the AC power supply 13.
- the current value and voltage value are measured by changing the frequency.
- the derived AC resistance is used as an evaluation value, the evaluation value is compared with a reference of the AC resistance, and the joining state is evaluated based on the amount of deviation from the reference.
- This embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that current and voltage are measured while applying a predetermined pressure to the joint.
- the description of the same configuration as that of the first embodiment is omitted.
- a mechanical pressing device or pressurizing means such as a Langevin vibrator is used.
- the pressurizing means is arranged on the adherend side or another adherend side, and a predetermined pressure is applied to the joint portion toward the adhesion interface.
- the predetermined pressure is greater than 1 kPa and not greater than 100 MPa.
- a constant pressure may be applied continuously, or may be periodically applied like a sine waveform.
- the predetermined electrical characteristics at least one is selected in advance from the group consisting of dielectric constant, polarizability, capacitance (capacitance), AC resistance (impedance), or phase difference as in the first embodiment.
- the predetermined electrical characteristic is preferably an AC resistance.
- ⁇ Set the standard for the selected predetermined electrical characteristics.
- the reference is set in the same manner as in the first embodiment after applying an AC signal while applying a predetermined pressure to the joint to derive an evaluation value related to a predetermined electrical characteristic.
- the evaluation value related to the predetermined electrical characteristic is derived by calculation from the current value and the voltage value obtained by measuring the joint while applying pressure.
- the evaluation accuracy can be improved. it can.
- FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of a measurement system used in the joint evaluation method according to the second embodiment.
- two plate-shaped adherends 21 and 22 made of a composite material are joined with an adhesive.
- the predetermined electrical characteristic is AC resistance.
- An AC power supply 23 is connected in series with an ammeter 24.
- a voltmeter 25 and an ammeter 24 are arranged in parallel.
- the electrodes 26 and 27 of the voltmeter 25 and the ammeter 24 are connected so as to be in electrical contact with both ends of the joint portion 28 (adhesion interface).
- a pressure member 29 is disposed on the upper part of the joint.
- an AC signal is applied to the joint 28 using the AC power source 23.
- the current value and voltage value are measured by changing the frequency.
- the derived AC resistance is used as an evaluation value, and the evaluation value is compared with a reference of the AC resistance, and a deviation amount of the evaluation value with respect to the reference is obtained for each frequency. Evaluation of the joining state of the joining part 28 is performed according to the amount of deviation as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of another measurement system used in the joint evaluation method according to the second embodiment.
- two plate-shaped adherends 31 and 32 made of a composite material are joined with an adhesive.
- the predetermined electrical characteristic is a capacitance.
- the capacitance is measured by the capacitance measuring instrument 33.
- the electrodes 34 and 35 of the capacitance measuring device 33 are connected so as to be in electrical contact with both ends of the joint portion 36 (adhesion interface).
- a pressure element 37 is disposed on the upper part of the joint.
- the joint state of the joint portion is first evaluated according to the first embodiment, and separately, the joint state is secondly evaluated according to the second embodiment, and the first evaluation and the second evaluation are correlated. And evaluate the joint state comprehensively. In the second evaluation, an electrical characteristic different from the predetermined electrical characteristic selected in the first evaluation is selected.
- the predetermined electrical characteristic is selected from the group consisting of dielectric constant, polarizability, or capacitance. According to the first embodiment, an evaluation value is derived, and the bonding state is first evaluated.
- Predetermined electrical characteristics are AC resistance. According to the second embodiment, an evaluation value is derived, and the bonding state is secondly evaluated.
- the first evaluation and the second evaluation are correlated so that the joint state of the joint portion can be comprehensively evaluated.
- the amount of deviation in the first evaluation and the amount of deviation in the second evaluation are correlated, and the two can be compared to enable comprehensive evaluation.
- the evaluation can be performed as follows. In the first evaluation, a plurality of threshold values for the deviation amount of the evaluation value are set such as threshold value 1 , threshold value 2 , threshold value 3 , threshold value 4 . Similarly in the second evaluation, a plurality of threshold values are set. If the deviation amounts of each evaluation are both within the threshold value 1 , it is evaluated that the joining state is good.
- the amount of deviation in the first evaluation is between the threshold 3 and the threshold 4
- the amount of deviation in the second evaluation is within the threshold 2
- the amount of deviation in the first evaluation is between the threshold value 3 and the threshold value 4 and the amount of deviation in the second evaluation is a value just below the threshold value 4
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、被着材と別の被着材とが接着剤を媒介として接合された接合部を有する複合材の前記接合部の接合状態を評価する方法であって、前記接合部に交流信号を印加し、周波数を変化させて電流および電圧を測定し、前記測定により得られた電流値および電圧値から、所定の電気特性に関する評価値を導き出し、前記評価値を、予め設定された前記所定の電気特性に関する基準と比較し、前記評価値の前記基準からのズレ量に応じて、前記接合部の接合状態を評価する接合部評価方法を提供する。
上記発明の一態様において、前記所定の電気特性を、誘電率、分極率、静電容量、交流抵抗または位相差とすることができる。
まず、本実施形態に係る接合部評価方法により評価される評価対象について説明する。本実施形態における評価対象は、被着材と別の被着材とが接着剤を媒介として接合された接合部を有する。
図1に、第1実施形態に係る接合部評価方法に用いられる測定系統の概略図を示す。図1では、複合材からなる板状の2つの被着材1,2が接着剤で接合されている。所定の電気特性は静電容量(キャパシタンス)とする。静電容量の測定はキャパシタンス計測器3で行う。キャパシタンス計測器3の電極4,5を、接合部6(接着界面の両端)を挟むように被着材1,2の端部にそれぞれ接続する。
図3に、第1実施形態に係る接合部評価方法に用いられる別の測定系統の概略図を示す。図3では、複合材からなる板状の2つの被着材11,12が接着剤で接合されている。所定の電気特性は交流抵抗とする。交流電源13を電流計14と直列接続させる。電圧計15および電流計14を並列に配置する。電圧計15および電流計14の電極16,17を、接合部18(接着界面の両端)を挟むように被着材11,12の端部にそれぞれ接続する。
本実施形態は、接合部に所定の圧力を加えながら電流および電圧を測定する点が第1実施形態と異なる。第1実施形態と同様の構成については説明を省略する。
図4に、第2実施形態に係る接合部評価方法に用いられる測定系統の概略図を示す。図4では、複合材からなる板状の2つの被着材21,22が接着剤で接合されている。所定の電気特性は交流抵抗とする。交流電源23を電流計24と直列接続させる。電圧計25および電流計24を並列に配置する。電圧計25および電流計24の電極26,27を、接合部28(接着界面)の両端に電気的に接触するよう接続する。接合部上部には圧力子29を配置する。
図5に、第2実施形態に係る接合部評価方法に用いられる別の測定系統の概略図を示す。図5では、複合材からなる板状の2つの被着材31,32が接着剤で接合されている。所定の電気特性は静電容量(キャパシタンス)とする。静電容量の測定はキャパシタンス計測器33で行う。キャパシタンス計測器33の電極34,35を、接合部36(接着界面)の両端に電気的に接触するよう接続する。接合部上部には圧力子37を配置する。
本実施形態は、第1実施形態に従い接合部の接合状態を第1評価するとともに、それとは別に第2実施形態に従い接合部の状態を第2評価し、第1評価と第2評価とを相関させて総合的に接合状態を評価する。第2評価では、第1評価で選択する所定の電気特性とは別の電気特性を選択する。
所定の電気特性を、誘電率、分極率、または静電容量(キャパシタンス)からなる群から少なくとも1つ選択する。第1実施形態に従って、評価値を導き出し、接合状態を第1評価する。
所定の電気特性を交流抵抗とする。第2実施形態に従って、評価値を導き出し、接合状態を第2評価する。
2,12,22,32 (別の)被着材
3,33 キャパシタンス計測器
4,5,16,17,26,27,34,35 電極
6,18,28,36 接合部
13,23 交流電源
14,24 電流計
15,25 電圧計
29,37 圧力子
Claims (6)
- 被着材と別の被着材とが接着剤を媒介として接合された接合部を有する複合材の前記接合部の接合状態を評価する方法であって、
前記接合部に交流信号を印加し、
周波数を変化させて電流および電圧を測定し、
前記測定により得られた電流値および電圧値から、所定の電気特性に関する評価値を導き出し、
前記評価値を、予め設定された前記所定の電気特性に関する基準と比較し、
前記評価値の前記基準からのズレ量に応じて、前記接合部の接合状態を評価する接合部評価方法。 - 前記所定の電気特性を、誘電率、分極率、静電容量、交流抵抗または位相差とする請求項1に記載の接合部評価方法。
- 前記接合部の接着界面に所定の圧力を加えながら、前記電流および前記電圧を測定する請求項1または請求項2に記載の接合部評価方法。
- 前記圧力を1kPaより大きく100MPa以下とする請求項3に記載の接合部評価方法。
- 電極を前記接着界面の両端部に電気的に接触させ、前記電流および前記電圧を測定する請求項3または請求項4に記載の接合部評価方法。
- 前記接合部の接着界面に所定の圧力を加えずに周波数を変化させて電流および電圧を測定し、前記測定により得られた電流値および電圧値から誘電率、分極率または静電容量のいずれかに関する第1の評価値を導きだし、前記第1の評価値を前記基準と比較して前記ズレ量に応じて前記接合部の接合状態を第1評価するとともに、
前記接合部の接着界面に所定の圧力を加えながら周波数を変化させて電流および電圧を測定し、前記測定により得られた電流値および電圧値から交流抵抗に関する第2の評価値を導きだし、前記第2の評価値を前記基準と比較して前記ズレ量に応じて前記接合部の接合状態を第2評価し、
前記第1評価および前記第2評価の評価結果を相関させて前記接合部の接合状態を総合評価する請求項3から請求項5のいずれかに記載の接合部評価方法。
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US15/578,011 US10578576B2 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-09-01 | Joint evaluation method |
BR112017025789-0A BR112017025789A2 (ja) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-09-01 | Joined part valuation method |
CN201680029906.3A CN107615053A (zh) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-09-01 | 接合部评价方法 |
EP16859399.4A EP3296728B1 (en) | 2015-10-28 | 2016-09-01 | Bonding section evaluation method of composites |
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JP2015211949A JP6758815B2 (ja) | 2015-10-28 | 2015-10-28 | 接合部評価方法 |
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GB2572215A (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2019-09-25 | Short Brothers Ltd | Detection of kiss bonds within composite components |
JP6958863B2 (ja) * | 2018-06-27 | 2021-11-02 | 矢崎総業株式会社 | 電気的接続部の劣化度合診断装置、及び、劣化度合診断方法 |
DE102019134544A1 (de) * | 2019-12-16 | 2021-06-17 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Verfahren und System zur Überprüfung einer Klebverbindung |
JP7530083B2 (ja) | 2020-03-23 | 2024-08-07 | 株式会社クオルテック | ヒーターチップと接合層の評価方法および接合層評価装置 |
US11346816B2 (en) * | 2020-05-01 | 2022-05-31 | The Boeing Company | Apparatuses, systems, and methods for detecting kissing bonds in bonded joints |
JP2022123435A (ja) * | 2021-02-12 | 2022-08-24 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 接合部評価方法及び接合部評価装置 |
JP2024071046A (ja) * | 2022-11-14 | 2024-05-24 | 国立大学法人秋田大学 | 成形品質の評価方法、成形品の検査方法、成形品質の評価装置及び成形品の検査装置 |
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JPH0360384B2 (ja) * | 1984-07-24 | 1991-09-13 | Kansai Denryoku Kk | |
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JPH08122286A (ja) * | 1994-10-01 | 1996-05-17 | Orion Kinzoku Kogyo Kk | 電気抵抗溶接のオンライン非破壊検査装置及び方法 |
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JP2017083300A (ja) | 2017-05-18 |
JP6758815B2 (ja) | 2020-09-23 |
US10578576B2 (en) | 2020-03-03 |
EP3296728A4 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
EP3296728B1 (en) | 2020-07-29 |
US20180292344A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
EP3296728A1 (en) | 2018-03-21 |
CN107615053A (zh) | 2018-01-19 |
BR112017025789A2 (ja) | 2018-08-07 |
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