WO2017061108A1 - Evacuation device and life support system for enclosed spaces - Google Patents

Evacuation device and life support system for enclosed spaces Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017061108A1
WO2017061108A1 PCT/JP2016/004474 JP2016004474W WO2017061108A1 WO 2017061108 A1 WO2017061108 A1 WO 2017061108A1 JP 2016004474 W JP2016004474 W JP 2016004474W WO 2017061108 A1 WO2017061108 A1 WO 2017061108A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carbon dioxide
oxygen
shelter
life support
evacuation
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PCT/JP2016/004474
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
矢野　昭彦
美津夫 小口
角田　隆志
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株式会社ライフル
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Priority to JP2017544193A priority Critical patent/JP6842773B2/en
Publication of WO2017061108A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017061108A1/en

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H9/00—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate
    • E04H9/14—Buildings, groups of buildings or shelters adapted to withstand or provide protection against abnormal external influences, e.g. war-like action, earthquake or extreme climate against other dangerous influences, e.g. tornadoes, floods
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an emergency evacuation device and a life support system for a sealed space that can be installed adjacent to a building of an existing building.
  • Patent Document 1 a tsunami that can solve the problems that elderly people and sick people evacuate, and that it is difficult for a large number of evacuees to evacuate to the same evacuation site in a short time
  • a structure having a watertight evacuation space for accommodating evacuees evacuating from a tsunami is provided on the ground, and an entrance to and from the evacuation space is provided at a position close to the ground and the entrance is made watertight.
  • a capsule composed of a container and a door is formed from a fire and smoke resistant material.
  • a door lock that can be locked and unlocked on the inside and outside of the door is provided inside the compartment.
  • a switch is provided, a front ventilation fan, a rear ventilation fan, and an outside air intake are provided before and after the container, a suction fan and a discharge fan are provided before and after the carbon dioxide adsorber, a door switch is provided on the door, and a seat switch is provided on the seat.
  • Patent Document 1 is an evacuation tower having a staircase, and is designed on the assumption that it accommodates a large number of people, for example, 100 to 500 people. Therefore, it is costly and complicated in structure, and is used for home use and small size. However, there is a problem that the feasibility is low.
  • Patent Document 2 presupposes a capsule that accommodates one person, similarly, it is difficult to save the number of family members.
  • both Patent Documents 1 and 2 are based on the assumption that an AC power source is used as a power source, there is a possibility that the device will not function in the case of loss of all AC power sources.
  • the present invention includes a steel shelter body and a steel fire door provided on the shelter body, and resists water pressure at least at a depth of 5 m.
  • An oxygen supply device that supplies oxygen to the internal space of the gas generator, a carbon dioxide removal device that adsorbs carbon dioxide in the internal space of the shelter body, an oxygen concentration meter that measures the concentration of oxygen, and a carbon dioxide that measures the concentration of carbon dioxide
  • the evacuation device is characterized by providing a life support environment that can survive for at least 12 hours.
  • the water depth is preferably 10 m, more preferably 15 m, and even more preferably 20 m instead of 5 m.
  • Examples of the evacuation device include a semi-underground shelter, an underground shelter, an evacuation capsule, and a floating evacuation device (having a structure that can float on the water surface).
  • the survival time can be 12 hours or more, for example, at least 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours or more.
  • the carbon dioxide removing device may be a cartridge including a sheet-like member impregnated or coated with a carbon dioxide adsorbent, or a container enclosing the carbon dioxide adsorbent.
  • a sheet-like member impregnated or coated with a carbon dioxide adsorbent is preferably attached to the inner wall of the shelter body.
  • the oxygen supply device is preferably an oxygen can.
  • the oxygen supply device is an oxygen can
  • the apparatus is provided with a pipe for detachably attaching a plurality of oxygen cans, a solenoid valve provided in the pipe, and a controller. It is preferable to discharge into the internal space.
  • a pipe having a structure similar to a pipe having a mounting port for mounting the oxygen can and a mounting port are provided, and the cartridge can be detachably mounted to the mounting port of the pipe.
  • the present invention includes a sealed space having an entrance and exit, and in a sealed state, an oxygen supply device that supplies oxygen to the internal space of the shelter body, and a carbon dioxide removal device that adsorbs carbon dioxide in the internal space of the shelter body.
  • an oxygen supply device that supplies oxygen to the internal space of the shelter body
  • a carbon dioxide removal device that adsorbs carbon dioxide in the internal space of the shelter body.
  • the life support environment here means that the ratio of oxygen in the air in the internal space is lower than a predetermined lower limit of oxygen concentration due to the breathing of the tsunami evacuees housed in the internal space during submergence or fire.
  • air pollution is prevented so that the ratio of carbon dioxide does not become higher than a predetermined upper limit value of carbon dioxide concentration.
  • a structure having a watertight inner space for accommodating evacuees evacuating from a tsunami is provided on the ground, and an entrance to and from the internal space is provided at a position close to the ground, and the entrance can be closed watertight
  • a door is provided, and during the watertight time, due to the breathing of the tsunami evacuees accommodated in the internal space, the proportion of oxygen in the air in the internal space is not lower than a predetermined lower limit of oxygen concentration, and It is preferable to adjust so that the ratio of carbon dioxide does not become higher than a predetermined upper limit value of carbon dioxide concentration.
  • the oxygen concentration lower limit is 18% of the safety limit for oxygen in the air
  • the carbon dioxide concentration upper limit is 0.5% of the occupational health long-term safety limit for the carbon dioxide concentration.
  • Life support equipment that maintains a life support environment may be built into the wall of the shelter, packaged and placed inside the shelter, or manufactured and sold as a single system.
  • the shelter body includes an iron plate and a concrete surface on at least one surface of the iron plate, the iron plate protrudes into the ground, generates heat conduction, and dissipates heat in the shelter into the ground.
  • the interior space is a watertight space, evacuees are safe even if the evacuation device is submerged. By making the internal space small, it is possible to overcome various administrative regulations. Since the life support device is provided in the internal space, the effect that life can be maintained for at least 48 hours or more can also be obtained. It can be used as an evacuation site for disasters such as typhoons, typhoons, storm surges, storms, earthquakes, and fires.
  • disasters such as typhoons, typhoons, storm surges, storms, earthquakes, and fires.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of a site where a semi-underground evacuation shelter 1 as an evacuation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is installed.
  • FIG. (A) is a top view of the semi-underground type evacuation shelter 1 as an evacuation device of Embodiment 1 of this invention
  • (b) is a front view which similarly shows an internal structure.
  • (c) Semi-underground evacuation shelter of Embodiment 1 of the present invention 1 is a rear view of FIG. It is a block diagram of the life support apparatus 6.
  • FIG. It is a periphery layout including an oxygen can.
  • It is a perspective view of another embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • It is a perspective view of another embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • a semi-underground evacuation shelter 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as a shelter 1) as an example of an evacuation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a shelter body 3 that is used by being fixed to a concrete foundation 2. It is the shelter 1 provided, Comprising: The reinforcement of the surrounding concrete of the shelter 1, the reinforcement of the concrete foundation 2, and the reinforcement of the solid foundation 501 of the house 500 are connected. This prevents settlement due to the liquefaction phenomenon at the seismic intensity 7 of the assumed Nankai Trough earthquake.
  • the thickness of the concrete foundation 2 is 150 mm.
  • a parking lot 502 is provided in the site, and a section of the automobile 503 is provided.
  • the shelter 1 is provided in the garden 504, and a fence 505 is appropriately provided around the garden.
  • the shelter body 3 is a reinforced concrete structure, and slopes 3 a are provided on both sides of the shelter body 3.
  • the slope 3a is provided with residual soil, and the surface is covered with concrete.
  • the shelter body 3 is reinforced with a plurality of H-shaped steel materials 3b.
  • An opening 4 is provided on the ground, and a double-structure fireproof steel door 5 that opens and closes the opening 4 is provided to withstand a tsunami pressure.
  • the life support device 6 is installed on the wall surface.
  • the life support device 6 is provided with a controller 600 for life support control.
  • An oxygen can 7 and a carbon dioxide removing device 8 are provided.
  • the internal space 9 has a cylindrical structure, the internal space 9 is partitioned by a floor plate 3c, has a second floor structure, and is provided with an opening 3d so that it can go back and forth.
  • a protective wall 11 having an H-shaped steel material 11a connected to the back surface is provided in the opening 4 so as to be freely attached and detached.
  • the earthen reinforced concrete 12 is provided on the ground surface, and the thickness is exemplified as 150 mm.
  • Two pairs of vertical wall surfaces (wall surfaces in contact with the slope 3a) on both sides of the reinforced concrete of the shelter body 3 are provided, and two iron plates 3f (see FIG. 3 (b)) are inserted and fixed in the grooves of the H-shaped steel material 3b. It is.
  • the protective wall 11 is an iron plate, an H-type steel material 11a is fixed on the back surface, and the outer surface has a waterproof paint finish.
  • An arc-shaped protrusion 3 e protrudes on the back side of the shelter 1.
  • the shelter main body 3 may include a wall having a triple structure in which an iron plate is sandwiched between concrete.
  • the shelter body 3 has a double structure, the outer region has a reinforced concrete 3g, and the inner region has a cylindrical structure with an iron plate 3h.
  • the protective wall 11 and the iron plate 3f have a thickness of 9 mm
  • the steel door 5 has a thickness of 75 mm.
  • the length of the shelter 1 is 6430 mm (the length of the shelter body 3 is 1550 mm, the length of the slope 3a is 2515 mm), the height is 1550 mm, the width is 1600 mm, and the protruding lengths of the protruding portions 3e are 360 mm and 700 mm.
  • the thickness of the reinforced concrete on the wall of the shelter body 3, the thickness of the interstitial reinforced concrete 12 is 150 mm, the angle of the slope 3a is 30 degrees, the inner diameter of the internal space 9 is 1400 mm, the height is 2800 mm (1F height 1400 mm, underground height 1370 mm, The thickness of the floor board 3c is 30 mm). Up to four adults can be accommodated in the internal space 9. When the capacity is increased, expansion and expansion are possible.
  • the fireproof steel door 5 is made strong enough to have water tightness and impact resistance. Inside is sand for fire protection.
  • the shelter 1 is designed so that the fire-proof steel door 5 can withstand a water pressure of 200 kN / m 2 at a water depth of 20 meters. It can also withstand typhoons and tornadoes.
  • the fireproof steel door 5 has a double door structure to withstand crashing performance and impact of impacts caused by tsunami, and has a tension rod installed from the inside to improve impact resistance.
  • the fireproof steel door 5 is preferably provided with an automatic locking mechanism because it is difficult for the elderly and children to lock.
  • the automatic locking mechanism may be a general mechanical or electric type.
  • FIG. 4 shows the life support device 6 that adjusts the polluted air in which carbon dioxide increases and oxygen decreases due to human breathing.
  • Various methods are known for removing carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide).
  • carbon dioxide carbon dioxide
  • the physical adsorption method will be described. Since the air in the shelter 1 is circulated, it is considered that there is almost no possibility that only carbon dioxide stays in the floor.
  • the life support device 6 includes an oxygen concentration meter 60, a carbon dioxide concentration meter 61, a thermometer 62, a pressure gauge 63, a door lock sensor 64, a storage battery 65, an electromagnetic valve 66, a fan 67, and an indoor lamp 68.
  • the controller 600 of the life support apparatus 6 that controls life support control will be described with reference to FIG.
  • a CPU 601, a RAM 602, a ROM 603, a counter 604, a timer 605, an audio control unit 606, an input unit 607, a monitor 608, and an input / output interface 609 are connected to each other via a bus 610.
  • the input / output interface 609 receives an oxygen concentration meter 60, a carbon dioxide concentration meter 61, a thermometer 62, a pressure gauge 63, a door lock sensor 64, a storage battery 65, and an output signal indicating the detection result, and an electromagnetic valve 66.
  • a fan 67, a room lamp 68, and the like are connected, and the CPU 601 performs an initial setting or an input signal to perform a predetermined calculation and the like, and a control signal is output thereto.
  • the CPU 601 generates a control signal to be output to each unit and outputs a control signal to execute life support control.
  • the RAM 602 temporarily reads and writes data such as life support control.
  • the ROM 603 stores a program such as life support control in a read-only manner.
  • CPU601 produces
  • it can be implemented by hardware control such as LSI logic instead of program control.
  • the counter 604 functions as a counting unit or the like, and after power-on, sets the initial value of the counter 604 to “0” and increments it with reference to various input signals.
  • the timer 605 performs arithmetic processing related to time and the like.
  • the audio control unit 606 is composed of a sound source IC, an amplifier, and the like, and controls driving of the speaker and the like.
  • the monitor 608 is composed of a liquid crystal display panel or the like, and is disposed adjacent to the controller 600.
  • the monitor 608 displays various messages and symbols related to life support control, external appearance, and the like.
  • Other types of monitors such as a liquid crystal display panel, LED, and CRT may be used.
  • a fiberscope or the like is used to show an external state.
  • the door lock sensor 64 When the shelter body 3 is submerged in a tsunami, or a person is evacuated to the shelter 1 such as when the shelter 1 is locked, and the steel door 5 is locked by a locking device (not shown), the door lock sensor 64 is turned on. The life support device 6 operates automatically.
  • oxygen is supplied from a previously installed oxygen can 7 in a pulse manner. Since the oxygen can 7 varies depending on conditions such as the number of people accommodated, children, and adults, a capacity for staying in the shelter 1 for at least 48 hours is secured.
  • the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations necessary to maintain safe and secure living in the shelter 1 can be determined by signals from the indoor oxygen meter 60 and the carbon dioxide meter 61.
  • the provided electromagnetic valve 66 is controlled so that the oxygen concentration can be adjusted by injecting an appropriate amount of oxygen from the oxygen can 7.
  • the carbon dioxide concentration is adjusted mainly automatically or, in some cases, manually, so that the rotational speed of the fan 67 can be adjusted.
  • the oxygen concentration inside the target value shelter is 18 to 21%
  • the carbon dioxide concentration is 0.04 to 0.5%.
  • the pressure adjusting unit 10 including a check valve for releasing the gas pressure inside the shelter body 3 is provided.
  • the carbon dioxide removal device 8 reduces the carbon dioxide. Since the storage battery 65 is full due to a solar power generation panel or the like, the storage battery 65 can drive the electromagnetic valve 66, the fan 67, and the room light 68.
  • monitors 608 there are multiple monitors 608 (two in this case). By looking at the monitor 608 in the middle of the night, it is possible to check external conditions and various information such as oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and pressure.
  • the shelter body 3 has communication functions such as a mobile phone, a satellite phone, and a transceiver, and can also be equipped with a simple toilet, AED, disaster prevention supplies, and the like.
  • the life support device 6 When the door is locked when the life support device 6 is combined with a shelter or an enclosed space, the life support device 6 automatically operates when the door lock sensor 64 is turned on.
  • the indoor lamp 68 can be turned on by manually opening and closing a switch for the indoor lamp provided in the input unit 607.
  • the life support device 6 is turned on by the door lock sensor 64, but a human sensor (not shown) in addition to the door lock sensor 64 so that the interior of the shelter 1 is not darkened immediately before the steel door 5 is closed.
  • the sequence in which the life support device 6 is turned on after the room lighting is turned on may be provided.
  • the oxygen concentration meter 60 for measuring the oxygen concentration in the internal space 9 is automatically turned on when the door lock sensor 64 is turned on, and the measured value is below the set concentration. Then it is opened and oxygen is blown out in pulses. If necessary, a switch (not shown) on the input unit 607 can be manually opened and closed to open or close.
  • the oxygen concentration meter 60 is a known measuring device, and emits an alarm sound when the oxygen in the internal space 9 falls below the minimum oxygen concentration necessary for the evacuees to survive.
  • the cylinder of the carbon dioxide removing device 8 is filled with granular carbon dioxide adsorbent, and the front and rear of the cylinder are covered with a metal mesh to prevent the adsorbent in the cylinder from flowing out.
  • a fan 67 that rotates by the driving force of the motor is provided outside the wire mesh, and the air in the shelter 1 can be forcibly sent to the carbon dioxide adsorbent.
  • oxygen is pulsed and constantly compared with the measured value with the oximeter, so there is no excessive supply, so there is no need to use an air cylinder.
  • the electromagnetic valve 66 of the oxygen can 7 is automatically opened when the oxygen concentration falls below 18% of the safety limit, and oxygen is supplied into the internal space 9.
  • the switch (not shown) can be manually opened and closed to open and close the electromagnetic valve 66 as necessary to stop or restart the oxygen ejection.
  • the fan 67 of the carbon dioxide removing device 8 automatically rotates, and carbon dioxide contained in carbon dioxide and smoke emitted by the evacuee's breath is sucked into the chamber. Then, it is adsorbed by an adsorbent (not shown) in the device, and clean air is sent into the internal space 9 by the rotation of the fan 67.
  • the storage battery 65 has a capacity capable of continuously operating the life support device 6 for at least about 48 hours. This is because after 48 hours, the tsunami will catch or the fire will stop and you can move to another evacuation site.
  • the storage battery 65 has a positive electrode connected to the controller 600 and a negative electrode grounded.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example of an oxygen adding device for adding oxygen using the oxygen can 7.
  • the oxygenator is arranged on the wall surface.
  • a plurality of oxygen cans 7 are attached to the attachment port 14 of the pipe 13.
  • the oxygen gas is compressed to a high pressure and placed in the oxygen can 7.
  • An electromagnetic valve 66 is disposed in the pipe 13, and the electromagnetic valve 66 is connected to the controller 600.
  • the time it takes for the shelter 1 to settle after being submerged in a tsunami or engulfed in a fiery fire is assumed to be 48 hours. In the case of accommodating four adults, it is assumed that 6.72 Kg of oxygen is required in 48 hours, and about 8 Kg of carbon dioxide gas is emitted.
  • the life support device 6 automatically adjusts the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration. Oxygen is preferably ejected from the oxygen can 7 in a pulsed manner.
  • an oxygen can 7 with high-pressure oxygen sealed with screws.
  • Main specifications are 98cc internal capacity, 300g weight, 1 liter / min average jet flow, 18 liter gas volume, size 3.8cm in diameter, 24cm in height, and 5 liter / min air jet volume It is.
  • a male screw is cut at the top, and the screw can be attached to and detached from the mounting port 14 of the pipe 13 by turning the screw.
  • Four adults need 262 oxygen in 48 hours.
  • Four adults generate about 4,100 L of carbon dioxide in 48 hours.
  • a carbon dioxide removing device 8 that adsorbs carbon dioxide is provided.
  • a pressure adjustment mechanism including a pressure adjustment valve or a pressure relief valve.
  • the solenoid valve 66 When the oxygen concentration meter 60 falls below the set value of the oxygen concentration, the solenoid valve 66 is turned on and oxygen is supplied in a pulse manner. For the elderly and children, it is easy to operate and includes manual elements for safety. It is also necessary to consider the amount of heat generated from the human body. Assuming that the heating value of one person is 100 J / s, in the inner volume of the shelter 1, a temperature increase of about 64 ° C. per person can be considered. Not only people but also room lights generate heat. Since the time for opening the pressure reducing valve may be short, the effect of releasing heat to the outside may be limited. By providing the shelter body 3 with a structure for releasing heat, the problem of temperature rise due to heat in the shelter can be solved.
  • the absorption method is a chemical absorption method: a method of separating and recovering carbon dioxide using an alkaline solution such as amine that reacts and absorbs carbon dioxide.
  • Solid heat absorption method Solid carbon that absorbs only carbon dioxide absorbs carbon dioxide Separation and recovery method. Lithium silicate or zinc oxide is used for the solid.
  • the physical absorption method there is a method in which carbon dioxide is physically absorbed by a liquid having increased solubility such as methanol and polyethylene glycol at high pressure, and separated and recovered. Compared with the chemical absorption method, the amount of heat required is small, and the degree of deterioration of the absorbent due to the influence of sulfur oxides contained in the exhaust gas is also small.
  • carbon dioxide is selectively adsorbed on an adsorbent such as zeolite, activated carbon, and alumina, and separated and recovered. Furthermore, the method of selectively separating and recovering carbon dioxide by changing the pressure is called the PSA method, and the method of changing the temperature is called the TSA method. A method combining both of these is called the PTSA method.
  • it is adsorbed by artificial or natural zeolite.
  • zeolite When zeolite is used, the adsorbed carbon dioxide gas can be discharged and regenerated by adsorbing carbon dioxide gas at room temperature and heating or decompressing, and the zeolite can be used repeatedly.
  • the problem is where the carbon dioxide gas adsorbed and desorbed is discharged, but by providing a plurality of cartridges filled with zeolite, the carbon dioxide gas can be treated continuously.
  • the carbon dioxide adsorption performance of commercially available zeolite is about 45 milligrams per gram of zeolite. According to theoretical calculations, about 22 kilograms of zeolite is required to adsorb carbon dioxide per person per day, but the required amount of zeolite can be reduced by devising the operation method of the carbon dioxide removal device. It is. Since the inside of the shelter 1 is a sealed space, use safe materials and materials that do not emit extra gas.
  • lithium hydroxide In addition to the regenerative carbon dioxide removal device, lithium hydroxide can be used.
  • a carbon dioxide adsorption canister (lithium hydroxide can), it is a disposable reaction vessel that uses lithium hydroxide to absorb carbon dioxide through a chemical reaction.
  • lithium hydroxide can adsorb 0.45 liters of carbon dioxide. According to theoretical calculations, about 1,200 grams of lithium hydroxide is sufficient to adsorb carbon dioxide per person per day.
  • a disposable type is basically used, but a regenerative type can also be implemented.
  • a filter for example, a non-woven fabric is formed into a pleated shape, and a carbon dioxide adsorbing material that has been liquefied and soaked is applied or sprayed thereon, and then dried, which is accommodated in a container to form a cartridge. Is. Enclose it in a pack to prevent it from being exposed to the outside air. Open and use when using.
  • the raw material of carbon dioxide adsorbent is powder, but in order to adsorb carbon dioxide efficiently, for example, lithium hydroxide powder is dissolved in water on a non-woven filter and sprayed with spray, for example, shaped into a pleated shape. It is possible to do.
  • a cartridge structure with a fan may be used.
  • a carbon dioxide adsorption sheet may be attached to the wall surface. Even a battery-type fan may circulate air.
  • the life support device 6 may be mobile, or may be temporarily fixed or fixed somewhere on the wall. If it is made movable here, it is usually parallel to the wall, but for the convenience of insertion, it is structured to be attached and detached in a horizontal position.
  • the oxygen concentration meter 60 is installed in a place where measurement is easy. A program for comparing oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration with reference values is stored. The place where oxygen and carbon dioxide are measured becomes a point, and it should be installed in a place where work by elderly people and children is easy. Training and maintenance are appropriate and necessary every few months, for example, once every three months. Since 262 oxygen cans are required in 48 hours, if used for training or maintenance, refill as appropriate. The smaller the oxygen can 7, the cheaper the unit price. If you are a younger generation, you can change it yourself.
  • the power source is the storage battery 65, but a dry battery may be used as the power source as appropriate.
  • the pressure adjusting unit 10 includes a pipe that communicates with the internal space 9 and penetrates the shelter body 3 and a check valve disposed in the pipe. Since it is assumed that the amount of gas in the room increases and the pressure in the room also increases, it is necessary to reduce the pressure in the room. Therefore, the outer wall surface of the shelter body 3 has a predetermined depth (for example, 2 to 3 cm) and a predetermined diameter (for example, For example, a concave portion is formed at 2 to 3 centimeters, and the air in the internal space 9 is allowed to escape into the soil by opening the concave portion. Thereby, the internal pressure that is increased by the release of oxygen is reduced, and the pressure increase in the internal space 9 can be adjusted by the pressure adjusting unit 10 including the pressure reducing valve.
  • a life support device 6 for purifying polluted air in which carbon dioxide has increased due to human breathing and oxygen has decreased is shown.
  • the carbon dioxide removing device 8 removes carbon dioxide by adsorbing carbon dioxide to the adsorbent. Oxygen is supplied from the oxygen can 7 and diffused into the internal space 9.
  • the life support device 6 If the life support device 6 is driven and operated, it is possible to maintain the air in the internal space 9 within a range in which the evacuees can normally breathe.
  • carbon dioxide removal device 8 carbon dioxide gas is removed from the contaminated air, and the carbon dioxide concentration after the removal can be analytically determined.
  • both the vertical and horizontal outer circumferences are dug down to a size larger than the external dimension of the semi-underground evacuation shelter main body 3.
  • the depth is not constant because of the relationship between the concrete foundation 2 and earth pressure.
  • the concrete foundation 2 is constructed. At this time, after connecting the reinforcing bar of the concrete foundation 2 and the solid foundation 501 of the house 500 with the reinforcing bar, the concrete is placed.
  • the concrete material ordinary Portland cement is used. When it is necessary to shorten the construction schedule, use early-strength concrete to shorten the setting time. It is basically on-site construction. Surface protective concrete is placed on the concrete foundation 2.
  • the concrete material may be normal Portland cement.
  • the concrete foundation 2 is preferably placed in the ground with a winged steel pipe pile like a screw pile in order to increase the strength. Thereby, it is possible not only to support the shelter 1 but also to prevent it from falling down.
  • the shelter body 3 After the concrete has hardened.
  • concrete is laid after reinforcing bars are constructed.
  • the shelter body 3 has a double structure, and a columnar structure is constructed with reinforced concrete 3g in the outer region and iron plate 3h in the inner region.
  • the iron plate 3f was welded so as to resist the water pressure.
  • Two pairs of H-shaped steel materials 3b are connected to a reinforcing bar on the side adjacent to the slope 3a of the shelter body 3 with a gap between them, concrete is placed, and half of the H-shaped steel material 3b is embedded and fixed.
  • An iron plate 3f is inserted and fixed in a groove formed by a pair of H-shaped steel materials 3b.
  • the shelter body 3 is on-site construction, but may be precast concrete manufactured at the factory. Since these parts are heavy, they are carried by a truck crane. It is installed according to the entrance anchor anchor buried in the foundation concrete 2 in advance. After installation, tighten with nuts. When tightening the nuts, use a torque wrench so that all the nuts are uniform.
  • a life support device 6 and a controller 600 are arranged.
  • the water pressure resistance is 2 atm (equivalent to a water depth of 20 m), and it has life support functions such as oxygen assuming that the shelter is submerged. For example, even 4 adults can maintain life in the shelter for at least 48 hours. it can.
  • an evacuee opens the fire-proof steel door 5 of the shelter 1 and turns the door lock handle to lock the shelter 1. Sealed.
  • the tsunami or fire is blocked by the protective wall 11 forming the outside of the shelter 1, and the high heat and smoke are also blocked by the fire-proof steel door 5, and the evacuees are isolated and protected from the fire, heat and smoke, You can keep your body safe.
  • the door can be locked and unlocked from both the inside and outside handles, the safety when the evacuees are rescued or escaped from the shelter 1 is further improved.
  • the fire-proof steel door 5 is preferably provided with an automatic locking mechanism because it is difficult for elderly people and children to lock.
  • the automatic locking mechanism may be a general mechanical or electric type.
  • the life support device 6 When the refugee enters the shelter 1, the life support device 6 is automatically activated after the indoor light 68 is turned on by the human sensor installed in the shelter 1.
  • the solenoid valve 66 of the oxygen can 7 is manually opened and repetitively opened and closed after the initial automatic operation, even when the oxygen is exhausted, the oxygen amount shortage is notified from the result of measuring the oxygen amount by the oxygen concentration meter 60. Therefore, an emergency oxygen can can be ejected as needed and refilled into the container, so that life safety can be maintained.
  • the supply of oxygen from the oxygen can is automatically and electrically performed simultaneously with the closing of the door, so it is safe without forgetting the lighting and supply operations. is there. Automatically adjust oxygen concentration and reduce carbon dioxide. It can be used at all times, not just in an emergency.
  • FIG. 6 shows an evacuation device 201 according to another embodiment 2. Since it is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, the description is cited and mainly the differences are described.
  • the evacuation device 201 includes a cylindrical triple structure wall 203 and a fireproof steel door 205.
  • the wall body 203 has a triple structure in which concrete or reinforced concrete 203b is disposed between the front and back surfaces of the iron plate 203a.
  • the iron plate 203a continuously protrudes downward into the ground, and the lower end of the iron plate 203a has a structure that can be embedded in the ground. When it rises, it functions as a temperature lowering device (thermal ground) by releasing the heat accumulated in the internal space through the iron plate 203a into the ground by the temperature gradient.
  • the cylindrical shape may be a square shape.
  • FIG. 7 shows an evacuation device 301 according to another embodiment 3. Since it is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, the description is cited and mainly the differences are described.
  • This evacuation device 301 has a protruding iron plate 303a formed in a comb-teeth shape, and the other structure is the same as that of the evacuation device 201, and the effect is also the same.
  • FIG. 8 shows an evacuation device 401 according to another embodiment 4. Since it is basically the same as those of the first and second embodiments, the description is cited and the differences are mainly described.
  • This evacuation device 401 is obtained by additionally installing a column 403c on the side wall in the second embodiment, and has an effect of preventing the evacuation device 401 from sinking or rising against a liquefaction phenomenon.
  • This support column 403c is obtained by providing a through hole in the wall body 403 in advance, and connecting a support column 403c composed of a pipe pile, an iron plate, a short pipe, etc., to the 403b by welding or the like.
  • a pile driving machine is put into the internal space of the evacuation device 401, a column 403c is put into a through hole from the inside, and the pile driving machine is shot into the ground. If the pile driver is large, the ceiling plate can be separated, the pile driver can be removed after construction, and the iron plate can be welded to the main body.
  • the life support system for a sealed space according to the present invention is not limited to a semi-underground shelter, but can be applied to an evacuation device such as an underground shelter and a capsule structure (including a system that floats on the water surface in the event of a disaster).
  • a concrete cap may be provided on the outer surface of the ground portion to improve fire resistance and heat resistance against fire.
  • the concrete thickness is preferably 25 to 40 mm.
  • metal heat sinks such as aluminum with high heat conductivity
  • Evacuation shelters for home use equipped with life support devices can be provided at low cost and with a short construction period, and a safe and secure environment against tsunamis, fires, tornadoes, etc. can be provided. Especially in coastal areas, its industrial utility value is great.

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Abstract

The purpose of the invention is to provide a compact, residential-use shelter and to save human life. Another purpose is to provide a life support device that functions in the case of a total loss of alternating current power supply. A life support device 6 comprises an oxygen concentration meter 60, a carbon dioxide concentration meter 61, a thermometer 62, a pressure gauge 63, a door lock sensor 64, a storage battery 65, a solenoid valve 66, a fan 67, and an indoor light 68. The life support device can, for example, sustain life inside a shelter for at least 12 hours even for four adults because the shelter has life support functions, such as oxygen, that anticipate the shelter being submerged.

Description

避難装置及び密閉空間用生命維持システムEvacuation device and life support system for enclosed space
　本発明は、既設建築物の建物に隣接して設置可能な防災用避難用の避難装置及び密閉空間用生命維持システムに関する。 The present invention relates to an emergency evacuation device and a life support system for a sealed space that can be installed adjacent to a building of an existing building.
　特許文献１の発明によれば、老人や病人が避難するときに困難が生じたり、また、多数の避難者が同一の避難場所に短時間で避難するのが困難であるという課題を解決できる津波避難タワーを提供するため、津波から避難する避難者を収容する水密可能な避難空間を有する構造体を地上に設け、前記避難空間に出入りする出入口を地面から近い位置に設けると共に前記出入り口を水密に閉鎖可能な開閉扉を設け、水密時間中に、前記避難空間内に収容した津波避難者の呼吸により、前記避難空間内の空気中の酸素の割合が所定の酸素下限値よりも低くならず、かつ、二酸化炭素の割合が所定の二酸化炭素上限値よりも高くならないように、空気の汚染防止を図る発明が提案されている。 According to the invention of Patent Document 1, a tsunami that can solve the problems that elderly people and sick people evacuate, and that it is difficult for a large number of evacuees to evacuate to the same evacuation site in a short time In order to provide an evacuation tower, a structure having a watertight evacuation space for accommodating evacuees evacuating from a tsunami is provided on the ground, and an entrance to and from the evacuation space is provided at a position close to the ground and the entrance is made watertight. By providing a closable open / close door and breathing of the tsunami evacuees accommodated in the evacuation space during the watertight time, the proportion of oxygen in the air in the evacuation space does not become lower than a predetermined oxygen lower limit value, In addition, there has been proposed an invention for preventing air contamination so that the ratio of carbon dioxide does not become higher than a predetermined upper limit value of carbon dioxide.
　特許文献２によれば、猛火時に、カプセル内に避難し、焔、熱、煙、有毒ガス等から人を護るため、耐火耐煙性の素材により、容部とドアからなるカプセルを形成し、ドアに内外で施錠解錠可能なドアロックを設け、容部内に、充電器・バッテリー・室内灯・座席・２つの酸素ボンベ・空気ボンベ・二酸化炭素吸着器・操作盤・冷凍庫・温度センサー・感熱スイッチを設け、容部の前後に前換気扇、後換気扇、外気取入口を設け、二酸化炭素吸着器の前後に吸込用及び放出用のファンを設け、ドアに扉スイッチを設け、座席に座席スイッチを設け、操作盤にレバーと各種のスイッチを設け、扉スイッチ及び座席スイッチの閉成以後、室内灯の点滅、１つの酸素ボンベや空気ボンベの電磁開閉弁の開栓閉栓、前換気扇の作動の開始及び停止を、当初自動によって行い、所定時間以降は手動に行える電気回路を組成する発明が提案されている。 According to Patent Document 2, in order to protect people from fire, heat, smoke, toxic gas, etc., during a fierce fire, a capsule composed of a container and a door is formed from a fire and smoke resistant material. A door lock that can be locked and unlocked on the inside and outside of the door is provided. Inside the compartment, a charger, battery, room light, seat, two oxygen cylinders, air cylinder, carbon dioxide adsorber, operation panel, freezer, temperature sensor, thermal sensor A switch is provided, a front ventilation fan, a rear ventilation fan, and an outside air intake are provided before and after the container, a suction fan and a discharge fan are provided before and after the carbon dioxide adsorber, a door switch is provided on the door, and a seat switch is provided on the seat. Provided with levers and various switches on the operation panel, after the door switch and seat switch are closed, the interior lights blink, the open / close of the electromagnetic open / close valve of one oxygen cylinder and air cylinder, and the start of the operation of the front ventilation fan And stop Done by initially automatic, since the predetermined time has been proposed invention that the composition of the electrical circuit that can be done manually.
特開２０１５－９２０４９号公報Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-92049 特開平８－１４１０９６号公報JP-A-8-141096
　しかしながら、特許文献１は、階段を有する避難タワーであり、大人数、例えば、１００～５００名を収容することを前提に設計されているため、コストがかかり、構造も複雑となり、家庭用や小型のものでは、実現性が低いという問題がある。一方、特許文献２は一人を収容するカプセルを前提としているため、同様に、家族の人数を救命することは困難である。さらに、特許文献１、２ともに電源として交流電源を前提としているため、交流全電源喪失の場合には、機能しなくなるおそれがある。 However, Patent Document 1 is an evacuation tower having a staircase, and is designed on the assumption that it accommodates a large number of people, for example, 100 to 500 people. Therefore, it is costly and complicated in structure, and is used for home use and small size. However, there is a problem that the feasibility is low. On the other hand, since Patent Document 2 presupposes a capsule that accommodates one person, similarly, it is difficult to save the number of family members. Furthermore, since both Patent Documents 1 and 2 are based on the assumption that an AC power source is used as a power source, there is a possibility that the device will not function in the case of loss of all AC power sources.
　上記の諸課題に鑑みて、本発明は、鉄鋼製のシェルター本体と、前記シェルター本体に設けた鉄鋼製の防火扉と、を備え、少なくとも水深５ｍの水圧に耐え、密閉状態において、前記シェルター本体の内部空間に酸素を供給する酸素供給装置と、前記シェルター本体の内部空間の二酸化炭素を吸着する二酸化炭素除去装置と、酸素の濃度を計測する酸素濃度計と、二酸化炭素の濃度を計測する二酸化炭素濃度計と、コントローラと、を設けることにより、酸素供給装置と二酸化炭素除去装置を調整することにより、少なくとも１２時間以上生存できる生命維持環境とすることを特徴とする避難装置である。前記水深は５ｍに代えて、好ましくは１０ｍ、より好ましくは１５ｍ、さらに好ましくは２０ｍである。ここでいう避難装置には半地下式シェルター、地下式シェルター、避難カプセル、浮上式避難装置（水面に浮上できる構造を備えたもの）等が挙げられる。生存時間は、１２時間以上、例えば、少なくとも、２４時間、３６時間、４８時間以上までは可能である。 In view of the above-described problems, the present invention includes a steel shelter body and a steel fire door provided on the shelter body, and resists water pressure at least at a depth of 5 m. An oxygen supply device that supplies oxygen to the internal space of the gas generator, a carbon dioxide removal device that adsorbs carbon dioxide in the internal space of the shelter body, an oxygen concentration meter that measures the concentration of oxygen, and a carbon dioxide that measures the concentration of carbon dioxide By providing a carbon concentration meter and a controller, and adjusting the oxygen supply device and the carbon dioxide removal device, the evacuation device is characterized by providing a life support environment that can survive for at least 12 hours. The water depth is preferably 10 m, more preferably 15 m, and even more preferably 20 m instead of 5 m. Examples of the evacuation device include a semi-underground shelter, an underground shelter, an evacuation capsule, and a floating evacuation device (having a structure that can float on the water surface). The survival time can be 12 hours or more, for example, at least 24 hours, 36 hours, 48 hours or more.
　前記二酸化炭素除去装置は、二酸化炭素吸着剤を含浸あるいは塗布させたシート状部材を備えたカートリッジでも良く、あるいは二酸化炭素吸着剤を封入した容器でも良い。 The carbon dioxide removing device may be a cartridge including a sheet-like member impregnated or coated with a carbon dioxide adsorbent, or a container enclosing the carbon dioxide adsorbent.
　前記二酸化炭素除去装置は、二酸化炭素吸着剤を含浸あるいは塗布させたシート状部材をシェルター本体の内壁に装着したことが好ましい。 In the carbon dioxide removing device, a sheet-like member impregnated or coated with a carbon dioxide adsorbent is preferably attached to the inner wall of the shelter body.
　前記酸素供給装置は、酸素缶が好ましい。また、例えば、生命維持の時間を４８時間とした場合、必要酸素量から判るように、収容人数が多くなると、酸素缶では本数が多くなるので、酸素ボンベを使うことも好ましい。酸素缶と酸素ボンベを併用することも可能である。前記酸素供給装置を酸素缶とする場合、前記酸素缶を脱着自在に複数個装着する配管と、配管に設けた電磁弁と、コントローラを備え、コントローラからの信号により、配管出口から酸素をパルス的に前記内部空間に放出することが好ましい。 The oxygen supply device is preferably an oxygen can. For example, when the life support time is 48 hours, as can be seen from the required oxygen amount, the number of oxygen cans increases as the number of accommodated persons increases. Therefore, it is also preferable to use an oxygen cylinder. It is also possible to use an oxygen can and an oxygen cylinder in combination. In the case where the oxygen supply device is an oxygen can, the apparatus is provided with a pipe for detachably attaching a plurality of oxygen cans, a solenoid valve provided in the pipe, and a controller. It is preferable to discharge into the internal space.
　前記酸素缶を装着する装着口を備える配管と同様な構造の配管及び装着口を備え、当該配管の装着口に前記カートリッジを脱着自在に装着できることが好ましい。 It is preferable that a pipe having a structure similar to a pipe having a mounting port for mounting the oxygen can and a mounting port are provided, and the cartridge can be detachably mounted to the mounting port of the pipe.
　本発明は、出入口を備えた密閉空間を備え、密閉状態において、前記シェルター本体の内部空間に酸素を供給する酸素供給装置と、前記シェルター本体の内部空間の二酸化炭素を吸着する二酸化炭素除去装置と、酸素の濃度を計測する酸素濃度計と、二酸化炭素の濃度を計測する二酸化炭素濃度計と、コントローラと、を設けることにより、酸素供給装置と二酸化炭素除去装置を調整することにより、少なくとも１２時間以上生存できる生命維持環境とすることを特徴とする密閉空間用生命維持システムである。 The present invention includes a sealed space having an entrance and exit, and in a sealed state, an oxygen supply device that supplies oxygen to the internal space of the shelter body, and a carbon dioxide removal device that adsorbs carbon dioxide in the internal space of the shelter body. By adjusting the oxygen supply device and the carbon dioxide removal device by providing an oxygen concentration meter that measures the concentration of oxygen, a carbon dioxide concentration meter that measures the concentration of carbon dioxide, and a controller, at least 12 hours This is a life support system for an enclosed space characterized by a life support environment that can survive as described above.
　ここでいう生命維持環境とは、水没或いは火災中に、前記内部空間内に収容した津波避難者の呼吸により、前記内部空間内の空気中の酸素の割合が所定の酸素濃度下限値よりも低くならず、かつ、二酸化炭素の割合が所定の二酸化炭素濃度上限値よりも高くならない様に、空気の汚染防止を図ったことを特徴とする。 The life support environment here means that the ratio of oxygen in the air in the internal space is lower than a predetermined lower limit of oxygen concentration due to the breathing of the tsunami evacuees housed in the internal space during submergence or fire. In addition, air pollution is prevented so that the ratio of carbon dioxide does not become higher than a predetermined upper limit value of carbon dioxide concentration.
　避難装置において、津波から避難する避難者を収容する水密可能な内部空間を有する構造体を地上に設け、前記内部空間に出入りする出入口を地面から近い位置に設けると共に前記出入口を水密に閉鎖可能な開閉扉を設け、水密時間中に、前記内部空間内に収容した津波避難者の呼吸により、前記内部空間内の空気中の酸素の割合が所定の酸素濃度下限値よりも低くならず、かつ、二酸化炭素の割合が所定の二酸化炭素濃度上限値よりも高くならないように、調整することが好ましい。 In the evacuation device, a structure having a watertight inner space for accommodating evacuees evacuating from a tsunami is provided on the ground, and an entrance to and from the internal space is provided at a position close to the ground, and the entrance can be closed watertight A door is provided, and during the watertight time, due to the breathing of the tsunami evacuees accommodated in the internal space, the proportion of oxygen in the air in the internal space is not lower than a predetermined lower limit of oxygen concentration, and It is preferable to adjust so that the ratio of carbon dioxide does not become higher than a predetermined upper limit value of carbon dioxide concentration.
　酸素濃度下限値は空気中の酸素の割合が安全限界の１８％で、二酸化炭素濃度上限値は前記空気中の二酸化炭素の割合が労働衛生上の長期安全限界の０．５％が例示される。 The oxygen concentration lower limit is 18% of the safety limit for oxygen in the air, and the carbon dioxide concentration upper limit is 0.5% of the occupational health long-term safety limit for the carbon dioxide concentration. .
　生命維持環境を維持する生命維持装置はシェルターの壁に組み込んでも良いし、パッケージ化してシェルター内部に置いても良いし、システム単体での製造販売も可能とする。 Life support equipment that maintains a life support environment may be built into the wall of the shelter, packaged and placed inside the shelter, or manufactured and sold as a single system.
　前記シェルター本体が鉄板と、鉄板の少なくとも一面にコンクリート面を備え、前記鉄板が地中に突出し、熱伝導を生じさせ、シェルター内の熱を地中に放熱する放熱構造を備えることが好ましい。 It is preferable that the shelter body includes an iron plate and a concrete surface on at least one surface of the iron plate, the iron plate protrudes into the ground, generates heat conduction, and dissipates heat in the shelter into the ground.
　内部空間を水密空間としたので、避難装置が水没した状態になっても避難者は大丈夫である。内部空間を小規模とすることで、様々な行政の規制を克服することが可能である。内部空間に生命維持装置を設けたので少なくとも４８時間以上にわたって生命を維持できるという効果も得られる。津波による災害だけでなく、台風、高潮、暴風雨、地震、火災等の災害に対する避難場所としても利用できる。 Since the interior space is a watertight space, evacuees are safe even if the evacuation device is submerged. By making the internal space small, it is possible to overcome various administrative regulations. Since the life support device is provided in the internal space, the effect that life can be maintained for at least 48 hours or more can also be obtained. It can be used as an evacuation site for disasters such as typhoons, typhoons, storm surges, storms, earthquakes, and fires.
本発明実施形態１の避難装置としての半地下式避難シェルター１の設置された敷地の平面図である。1 is a plan view of a site where a semi-underground evacuation shelter 1 as an evacuation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is installed. FIG. （ａ）は本発明実施形態１の避難装置としての半地下式避難シェルター１の平面図、（ｂ）は同じく内部構造を示す正面図である。(A) is a top view of the semi-underground type evacuation shelter 1 as an evacuation device of Embodiment 1 of this invention, (b) is a front view which similarly shows an internal structure. （ａ）本発明実施形態１の避難装置としての半地下式避難シェルター１の正面図、（ｂ）はシェルター本体３の鉄板の正面図、（ｃ）本発明実施形態１の半地下式避難シェルター１の背面図である。(A) Front view of semi-underground evacuation shelter 1 as evacuation device of Embodiment 1 of the present invention, (b) Front view of iron plate of shelter body 3, (c) Semi-underground evacuation shelter of Embodiment 1 of the present invention 1 is a rear view of FIG. 生命維持装置６のブロック図である。It is a block diagram of the life support apparatus 6. FIG. 酸素缶を含む周辺配置図である。It is a periphery layout including an oxygen can. 本発明の別の実施形態２を斜視図である。It is a perspective view of another embodiment 2 of the present invention. 本発明の別の実施形態３を斜視図である。It is a perspective view of another embodiment 3 of the present invention. 本発明の別の実施形態４を斜視図である。It is a perspective view of another embodiment 4 of the present invention.
　本発明の好適な実施形態について図面を参照して説明する。図１～図３に示す通り、本発明実施形態１の避難装置の一例としての半地下式避難シェルター１（以下、単にシェルター１という。）は、コンクリート基礎２に固着して用いるシェルター本体３を備えたシェルター１であって、シェルター１の周囲コンクリートの鉄筋と、コンクリート基礎２の鉄筋と、住宅５００のベタ基礎５０１の鉄筋を連結させるものである。これにより、想定されている南海トラフ大地震の震度７での液状化現象による沈下を防止する。ここでの例示としては、土地４０坪、１F床面積１５坪、２F床面積１５坪、延べ床面積３０坪を挙げて説明する。コンクリート基礎２の厚みは、１５０ｍｍである。住宅５００の他、敷地内には、駐車場５０２を設け自動車５０３の区画を設けてある。また、庭５０４にシェルター１を設け、周囲には、適宜、フェンス５０５を設けてある。 Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, a semi-underground evacuation shelter 1 (hereinafter simply referred to as a shelter 1) as an example of an evacuation device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention includes a shelter body 3 that is used by being fixed to a concrete foundation 2. It is the shelter 1 provided, Comprising: The reinforcement of the surrounding concrete of the shelter 1, the reinforcement of the concrete foundation 2, and the reinforcement of the solid foundation 501 of the house 500 are connected. This prevents settlement due to the liquefaction phenomenon at the seismic intensity 7 of the assumed Nankai Trough earthquake. As an example here, land 40 tsubo, 1F floor area 15 tsubo, 2F floor area 15 tsubo, and total floor area 30 tsubo will be described. The thickness of the concrete foundation 2 is 150 mm. In addition to the house 500, a parking lot 502 is provided in the site, and a section of the automobile 503 is provided. In addition, the shelter 1 is provided in the garden 504, and a fence 505 is appropriately provided around the garden.
　シェルター本体３は鉄筋コンクリート製の構造体であり、シェルター本体３の外部両側にスロープ３ａを設けている。スロープ３ａには残土が設けられ、表面をコンクリートで被覆してある。シェルター本体３は複数本のＨ型鋼材３ｂで補強してある。地上部に開口部４を設け、開口部４を開閉する二重構造の防火鉄鋼製扉５を設け、津波の圧力に耐える構造としている。生命維持装置６を壁面に設置してある。生命維持装置６は、生命維持制御するためのコントローラ６００を設けている。酸素缶７、二酸化炭素除去装置８を備えている。内部空間９を円柱構造とし、内部空間９は床板３ｃで仕切られており、２階構造となっており、行き来ができるように開口３ｄを設けている。裏面にＨ型鋼材１１ａを連結した防護壁１１を開口部４に脱着自在に設けている。土間鉄筋コンクリート１２を地表部に設けてあり、厚みは１５０ｍｍが例示される。シェルター本体３の鉄筋コンクリートの両側の壁面（スロープ３ａと接する壁面）には垂直方向に二対設け、このＨ型鋼材３ｂの溝に２枚の鉄板３ｆ（図３（ｂ）参照）を挿入し固定してある。防護壁１１は鉄板であり、裏面にＨ型鋼材１１ａが固定してあり、外表面は防水塗装仕上げである。円弧形状の突出部３ｅがシェルター１の背面側に突出している。なお、シェルター本体３は、鉄板をコンクリートで挟持した三重構造の壁体を含むものでもよい。 The shelter body 3 is a reinforced concrete structure, and slopes 3 a are provided on both sides of the shelter body 3. The slope 3a is provided with residual soil, and the surface is covered with concrete. The shelter body 3 is reinforced with a plurality of H-shaped steel materials 3b. An opening 4 is provided on the ground, and a double-structure fireproof steel door 5 that opens and closes the opening 4 is provided to withstand a tsunami pressure. The life support device 6 is installed on the wall surface. The life support device 6 is provided with a controller 600 for life support control. An oxygen can 7 and a carbon dioxide removing device 8 are provided. The internal space 9 has a cylindrical structure, the internal space 9 is partitioned by a floor plate 3c, has a second floor structure, and is provided with an opening 3d so that it can go back and forth. A protective wall 11 having an H-shaped steel material 11a connected to the back surface is provided in the opening 4 so as to be freely attached and detached. The earthen reinforced concrete 12 is provided on the ground surface, and the thickness is exemplified as 150 mm. Two pairs of vertical wall surfaces (wall surfaces in contact with the slope 3a) on both sides of the reinforced concrete of the shelter body 3 are provided, and two iron plates 3f (see FIG. 3 (b)) are inserted and fixed in the grooves of the H-shaped steel material 3b. It is. The protective wall 11 is an iron plate, an H-type steel material 11a is fixed on the back surface, and the outer surface has a waterproof paint finish. An arc-shaped protrusion 3 e protrudes on the back side of the shelter 1. In addition, the shelter main body 3 may include a wall having a triple structure in which an iron plate is sandwiched between concrete.
　シェルター本体３を二重構造とし、外側領域が鉄筋コンクリート３ｇ、内側領域が鉄板３ｈによる円柱構造とする。 The shelter body 3 has a double structure, the outer region has a reinforced concrete 3g, and the inner region has a cylindrical structure with an iron plate 3h.
　ここでの寸法例は、例えば、防護壁１１、鉄板３ｆの厚みは９ｍｍ、鉄鋼製扉５の厚みは７５ｍｍである。シェルター１の長さ６４３０ｍｍ（シェルター本体３の長さ１５５０ｍｍ、スロープ３ａの長さ２５１５ｍｍ）、地上高さ１５５０ｍｍ、横幅１６００ｍｍ、突出部３ｅの突出長さ３６０ｍｍ、７００ｍｍである。シェルター本体３の壁の鉄筋コンクリートの厚さ、土間鉄筋コンクリート１２の厚さは１５０ｍｍ、スロープ３ａの角度は３０度、内部空間９の内径は１４００ｍｍ、高さ２８００ｍｍ（１Ｆ高さ１４００ｍｍ、地下高さ１３７０ｍｍ、床板３ｃの厚み３０ｍｍ）が例示される。内部空間９内に大人４人まで収容可能である。収容人数を多くする際には、拡張や増設が可能である。 Here, for example, the protective wall 11 and the iron plate 3f have a thickness of 9 mm, and the steel door 5 has a thickness of 75 mm. The length of the shelter 1 is 6430 mm (the length of the shelter body 3 is 1550 mm, the length of the slope 3a is 2515 mm), the height is 1550 mm, the width is 1600 mm, and the protruding lengths of the protruding portions 3e are 360 mm and 700 mm. The thickness of the reinforced concrete on the wall of the shelter body 3, the thickness of the interstitial reinforced concrete 12 is 150 mm, the angle of the slope 3a is 30 degrees, the inner diameter of the internal space 9 is 1400 mm, the height is 2800 mm (1F height 1400 mm, underground height 1370 mm, The thickness of the floor board 3c is 30 mm). Up to four adults can be accommodated in the internal space 9. When the capacity is increased, expansion and expansion are possible.
　防火鉄鋼製扉５は、水密性と耐衝撃性能を持った強度とする。内部には防火用に砂を封入してある。シェルター１は、防火鉄鋼製扉５が水深２０メートルで水圧２００ｋＮ/ｍ２に耐えうるように設計される。また、台風・竜巻にも耐えうる。防火鉄鋼製扉５により、耐激突性能、津波による激突物の衝撃に耐えうるために２重扉構造にし、内側から心張棒を設置し、耐衝撃性を高めている。 The fireproof steel door 5 is made strong enough to have water tightness and impact resistance. Inside is sand for fire protection. The shelter 1 is designed so that the fire-proof steel door 5 can withstand a water pressure of 200 kN / m 2 at a water depth of 20 meters. It can also withstand typhoons and tornadoes. The fireproof steel door 5 has a double door structure to withstand crashing performance and impact of impacts caused by tsunami, and has a tension rod installed from the inside to improve impact resistance.
　防火鉄鋼製扉５は、年寄りや子供にはロックしにくいために、自動施錠機構を設けることが好ましい。自動施錠機構は機械式または電気式の一般的なものでよい。 The fireproof steel door 5 is preferably provided with an automatic locking mechanism because it is difficult for the elderly and children to lock. The automatic locking mechanism may be a general mechanical or electric type.
　図４は、人の呼吸によって二酸化炭素が増加し、酸素が減少した汚染空気を調整する生命維持装置６を示す。二酸化炭素（炭酸ガス）の除去手段には種々の方法が公知になっている。ここでは、物理吸着法について説明する。シェルター１内の空気は循環させるため、二酸化炭素だけが床に滞留する可能性はほとんどないと考えられる。 FIG. 4 shows the life support device 6 that adjusts the polluted air in which carbon dioxide increases and oxygen decreases due to human breathing. Various methods are known for removing carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide). Here, the physical adsorption method will be described. Since the air in the shelter 1 is circulated, it is considered that there is almost no possibility that only carbon dioxide stays in the floor.
　生命維持装置６は、酸素濃度計６０、二酸化炭素濃度計６１、温度計６２、圧力計６３、ドアロックセンサ６４、蓄電池６５、電磁弁６６、ファン６７、室内灯６８から構成されている。 The life support device 6 includes an oxygen concentration meter 60, a carbon dioxide concentration meter 61, a thermometer 62, a pressure gauge 63, a door lock sensor 64, a storage battery 65, an electromagnetic valve 66, a fan 67, and an indoor lamp 68.
　生命維持制御を司る生命維持装置６のコントローラ６００について図４を参照して説明する。このコントローラ６００は、ＣＰＵ６０１、ＲＡＭ６０２、ＲＯＭ６０３、カウンタ６０４、タイマ６０５、音声制御部６０６、入力部６０７、モニター６０８、入出力インタフェース６０９をバス６１０により相互に接続したものである。入出力インタフェース６０９には、酸素濃度計６０、二酸化炭素濃度計６１、温度計６２、圧力計６３、ドアロックセンサ６４、蓄電池６５、その検出結果を示す出力信号が入力され、また、電磁弁６６，ファン６７、室内灯６８等が接続され、ＣＰＵ６０１が初期設定、或いは入力信号を受けて所定の演算等を行い、それらに対して、制御信号が出力されるようになっている。 The controller 600 of the life support apparatus 6 that controls life support control will be described with reference to FIG. In the controller 600, a CPU 601, a RAM 602, a ROM 603, a counter 604, a timer 605, an audio control unit 606, an input unit 607, a monitor 608, and an input / output interface 609 are connected to each other via a bus 610. The input / output interface 609 receives an oxygen concentration meter 60, a carbon dioxide concentration meter 61, a thermometer 62, a pressure gauge 63, a door lock sensor 64, a storage battery 65, and an output signal indicating the detection result, and an electromagnetic valve 66. , A fan 67, a room lamp 68, and the like are connected, and the CPU 601 performs an initial setting or an input signal to perform a predetermined calculation and the like, and a control signal is output thereto.
　ＣＰＵ６０１は、各部に出力する制御信号を生成し、制御信号を出力することで、生命維持制御を実行する。ＲＡＭ６０２は、生命維持制御などのデータを一時的に読み書きするものである。ＲＯＭ６０３には生命維持制御などのプログラムが読み出し専用で格納されている。ＣＰＵ６０１は、各部に出力する制御信号を生成し、制御信号を出力することで、生命維持制御を実行する。なお、プログラム制御に代えて、ＬＳＩロジック等のハードウェア制御によっても実施が可能である。 The CPU 601 generates a control signal to be output to each unit and outputs a control signal to execute life support control. The RAM 602 temporarily reads and writes data such as life support control. The ROM 603 stores a program such as life support control in a read-only manner. CPU601 produces | generates the control signal output to each part, and performs life support control by outputting a control signal. In addition, it can be implemented by hardware control such as LSI logic instead of program control.
　カウンタ６０４は計数部等として機能するものであり、電源投入後、カウンタ６０４のカウント値の初期値を「０」とし、各種入力信号を参照して、インクリメントするものである。 The counter 604 functions as a counting unit or the like, and after power-on, sets the initial value of the counter 604 to “0” and increments it with reference to various input signals.
　タイマ６０５は時間等に関する演算処理等を行なうものである。 The timer 605 performs arithmetic processing related to time and the like.
　音声制御部６０６は音源ＩＣ及び増幅器等から構成され、スピーカ等の駆動制御を司るものである。 The audio control unit 606 is composed of a sound source IC, an amplifier, and the like, and controls driving of the speaker and the like.
　モニター６０８は、液晶表示盤等からなるものであり、コントローラ６００に隣接して配置されている。モニター６０８は、生命維持制御に関しての各種のメッセージや図柄、外部の様子等を表示するものである。液晶表示盤、ＬＥＤ、ＣＲＴ等、その他の種類のモニターでも良い。なお、外部の様子を示す場合にはファイバースコープ等を利用する。 The monitor 608 is composed of a liquid crystal display panel or the like, and is disposed adjacent to the controller 600. The monitor 608 displays various messages and symbols related to life support control, external appearance, and the like. Other types of monitors such as a liquid crystal display panel, LED, and CRT may be used. Note that a fiberscope or the like is used to show an external state.
　シェルター１内における生命維持制御方法を説明する。 The life support control method in the shelter 1 will be described.
　シェルター本体３が津波で水没する、或いは、猛火に包まれるなど、人がシェルター１に避難し、鉄鋼製扉５がロック装置（図示略）によりロックされると、ドアロックセンサ６４がＯＮとなり、生命維持装置６が自動的に作動する。 When the shelter body 3 is submerged in a tsunami, or a person is evacuated to the shelter 1 such as when the shelter 1 is locked, and the steel door 5 is locked by a locking device (not shown), the door lock sensor 64 is turned on. The life support device 6 operates automatically.
　このシェルター１内の酸素容量では、酸素呼吸が持たないので、事前に搭載してある酸素缶７から酸素供給をパスル式で行う。酸素缶７については、収容人数、子供、大人などの条件によって異なるので、シェルター１内部に最低４８時間、滞在できるための容量を確保してある。 Since the oxygen capacity in the shelter 1 does not have oxygen respiration, oxygen is supplied from a previously installed oxygen can 7 in a pulse manner. Since the oxygen can 7 varies depending on conditions such as the number of people accommodated, children, and adults, a capacity for staying in the shelter 1 for at least 48 hours is secured.
　適切な酸素濃度の確保のため、シェルター１内部の安全・安心な居住性を保つために必要な酸素、二酸化炭素の濃度が室内の酸素濃度計６０、二酸化炭素濃度計６１からの信号で判断できるようにして、適切な基準値でなくなった場合には備え付け電磁弁６６を制御することで、酸素缶７から適宜量の酸素を噴射することで酸素濃度の調整を行うことを可能にしている。また、二酸化炭素の濃度調整も、主として、自動、場合により、手動で、ファン６７の回転数を調整できるようにしてある。ここでの目標値シェルター内部の酸素濃度は１８～２１％、二酸化炭素の濃度は０．０４～０．５％である。 In order to secure an appropriate oxygen concentration, the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations necessary to maintain safe and secure living in the shelter 1 can be determined by signals from the indoor oxygen meter 60 and the carbon dioxide meter 61. In this way, when the reference value is no longer appropriate, the provided electromagnetic valve 66 is controlled so that the oxygen concentration can be adjusted by injecting an appropriate amount of oxygen from the oxygen can 7. Also, the carbon dioxide concentration is adjusted mainly automatically or, in some cases, manually, so that the rotational speed of the fan 67 can be adjusted. Here, the oxygen concentration inside the target value shelter is 18 to 21%, and the carbon dioxide concentration is 0.04 to 0.5%.
　シェルター本体３の内部の気体の圧力を抜く逆止弁を含む圧力調整部１０を備えている。二酸化炭素の増え過ぎを防止するため、二酸化炭素除去装置８で二酸化炭素を減らすようにしてある。太陽光発電パネル等により蓄電池６５が満タンになっているので、その蓄電池６５で、電磁弁６６、ファン６７、室内灯６８を駆動できる。 The pressure adjusting unit 10 including a check valve for releasing the gas pressure inside the shelter body 3 is provided. In order to prevent an excessive increase in carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide removal device 8 reduces the carbon dioxide. Since the storage battery 65 is full due to a solar power generation panel or the like, the storage battery 65 can drive the electromagnetic valve 66, the fan 67, and the room light 68.
　モニター６０８が複数（ここでは２か所）設けている。夜中にモニター６０８を見て、酸素濃度、二酸化炭素濃度、気温、圧力等、外部の様子、各種情報を確認できるようになっている。 There are multiple monitors 608 (two in this case). By looking at the monitor 608 in the middle of the night, it is possible to check external conditions and various information such as oxygen concentration, carbon dioxide concentration, temperature, and pressure.
　シェルター本体３内に携帯電話、衛星電話、トランシーバー等の通信機能を備え、簡易トイレ、ＡＥＤ、防災用品等も備えることが可能である。 The shelter body 3 has communication functions such as a mobile phone, a satellite phone, and a transceiver, and can also be equipped with a simple toilet, AED, disaster prevention supplies, and the like.
　生命維持装置６は、シェルターあるいは密閉空間と組み合わせた場合、ドアがロックされたときに、ドアロックセンサ６４のＯＮにより、自動的に作動する。パッケージ化された生命維持装置の場合は、入力部６０７に設けた室内灯用のスイッチを手動により開閉することによって、室内灯６８を点灯することも可能である。たとえば、生命維持装置６はドアロックセンサ６４によってＯＮ状態になるが、鉄鋼製扉５が閉まる直前はシェルター１内が真っ暗にならないように、ドアロックセンサ６４のほかに人感センサ（図示略）を設けて、まず、室内照明をＯＮにしてから生命維持装置６がＯＮになるシーケンスを設けてもよい。 When the door is locked when the life support device 6 is combined with a shelter or an enclosed space, the life support device 6 automatically operates when the door lock sensor 64 is turned on. In the case of a packaged life support device, the indoor lamp 68 can be turned on by manually opening and closing a switch for the indoor lamp provided in the input unit 607. For example, the life support device 6 is turned on by the door lock sensor 64, but a human sensor (not shown) in addition to the door lock sensor 64 so that the interior of the shelter 1 is not darkened immediately before the steel door 5 is closed. First, the sequence in which the life support device 6 is turned on after the room lighting is turned on may be provided.
　酸素缶７を開口するための電磁弁６６は、ドアロックセンサ６４のＯＮによって、内部空間９内の酸素濃度を計測する酸素濃度計６０が自動的にＯＮになり、その計測値が設定濃度以下になると開栓して酸素をパルスで噴出する。必要に応じて、入力部６０７上のスイッチ（図示略）を手動により開閉成して開栓又は閉栓することも可能である。 As for the electromagnetic valve 66 for opening the oxygen can 7, the oxygen concentration meter 60 for measuring the oxygen concentration in the internal space 9 is automatically turned on when the door lock sensor 64 is turned on, and the measured value is below the set concentration. Then it is opened and oxygen is blown out in pulses. If necessary, a switch (not shown) on the input unit 607 can be manually opened and closed to open or close.
　酸素濃度計６０は、公知の計測器で、内部空間９内の酸素が、避難者が生存するのに必要な最小限度の酸素濃度以下になると警報音を発する。二酸化炭素除去装置８の筒内には顆粒状の二酸化炭素吸着剤を充填してあり、筒の前後は金網によって覆って筒内の吸着剤の脱流を防止している。金網の外部には、モータの駆動力によって回転するファン６７を設け、シェルター１内の空気を二酸化炭素吸着剤まで強制的に送ることができる。 The oxygen concentration meter 60 is a known measuring device, and emits an alarm sound when the oxygen in the internal space 9 falls below the minimum oxygen concentration necessary for the evacuees to survive. The cylinder of the carbon dioxide removing device 8 is filled with granular carbon dioxide adsorbent, and the front and rear of the cylinder are covered with a metal mesh to prevent the adsorbent in the cylinder from flowing out. A fan 67 that rotates by the driving force of the motor is provided outside the wire mesh, and the air in the shelter 1 can be forcibly sent to the carbon dioxide adsorbent.
　酸素濃度計６０が、自動的に計測の結果、シェルター１内の酸素が１８％に低下すると酸素濃度計に組み込まれている警報器が鳴り、酸素不足を報知するとともに電磁弁６６のオープン信号を発生する。 As a result of the automatic measurement by the oxygen concentration meter 60, when the oxygen in the shelter 1 drops to 18%, an alarm device built in the oxygen concentration meter sounds to notify oxygen shortage and to open the solenoid valve 66 open signal. appear.
　室内の酸素濃度が規定値より低くなった場合、酸素をパルス的に噴出し絶えず酸素濃度計との計測値と比較するため、過剰供給にはならないので、空気ボンベは使わなくてもよい。 When the oxygen concentration in the room becomes lower than the specified value, oxygen is pulsed and constantly compared with the measured value with the oximeter, so there is no excessive supply, so there is no need to use an air cylinder.
　ドアロックセンサ６４がＯＮにされると、酸素濃度が安全限界の１８％を切ったときに酸素缶７の電磁弁６６が自動的に開栓され、酸素が内部空間９内に供給される。そして、酸素缶７を節約する事態に対応するために、必要に応じて手動によってスイッチ（図示略）を開閉して電磁弁６６を開閉し、酸素噴出の中止、または再開を行うこともできる。 When the door lock sensor 64 is turned on, the electromagnetic valve 66 of the oxygen can 7 is automatically opened when the oxygen concentration falls below 18% of the safety limit, and oxygen is supplied into the internal space 9. In order to cope with a situation where the oxygen can 7 is saved, the switch (not shown) can be manually opened and closed to open and close the electromagnetic valve 66 as necessary to stop or restart the oxygen ejection.
　ドアロックセンサ６４と共に回路がＯＮすると、二酸化炭素除去装置８のファン６７が自動的に回転し、避難者の呼吸によって出された炭酸ガスや煙に含まれている二酸化炭素は器内に吸いこまれて機器内の吸着剤（図示略）によって吸着され、清浄な空気がファン６７の回転によって内部空間９内に送り出される。 When the circuit is turned on together with the door lock sensor 64, the fan 67 of the carbon dioxide removing device 8 automatically rotates, and carbon dioxide contained in carbon dioxide and smoke emitted by the evacuee's breath is sucked into the chamber. Then, it is adsorbed by an adsorbent (not shown) in the device, and clean air is sent into the internal space 9 by the rotation of the fan 67.
　津波時間或いは火災時間が長引いたり、また避難者の体が大きく酸素の消費量が多いため、後述の酸素濃度計６０の警報によって内部空間９内の酸素が不足するおそれを知った場合には、入力部６０７上のスイッチ（図示略）を押して、回路をＯＦＦとし、緊急用の酸素ボンベの電磁開閉弁を開口すると共にタイマー６０５を作動させ１０秒間づゝ酸素を放出させ、必要に応じてスイッチ（図示略）の押圧を反覆し、酸素の放出を反覆し、補給する。 If the tsunami time or fire time is prolonged, or the body of the refugee is large and consumes a lot of oxygen, if you know that there is a risk that the oxygen in the internal space 9 will be insufficient by the alarm of the oxygen concentration meter 60 described later, Press a switch (not shown) on the input unit 607 to turn off the circuit, open the electromagnetic on-off valve of the emergency oxygen cylinder and operate the timer 605 to release oxygen every 10 seconds. The pressing of (not shown) is repeated, the release of oxygen is reversed and replenished.
　蓄電池６５は生命維持装置６を少なくとも４８時間程度、連続運転可能な容量であることが望ましい。４８時間も経過すれば、津波が引くか、猛火も収まり、他の避難場所に移動できるからである。蓄電池６５は、正極はコントローラ６００に接続され、負極は接地してある。 It is desirable that the storage battery 65 has a capacity capable of continuously operating the life support device 6 for at least about 48 hours. This is because after 48 hours, the tsunami will catch or the fire will stop and you can move to another evacuation site. The storage battery 65 has a positive electrode connected to the controller 600 and a negative electrode grounded.
　図５は酸素缶７を使用した酸素を添加する酸素添加装置の例を示す。酸素添加装置は壁面に配列する。複数の酸素缶７が配管１３の装着口１４に装着されている。酸素ガスは高圧に圧縮されて酸素缶７に入れられている。配管１３に電磁弁６６が配置され、電磁弁６６はコントローラ６００に接続されている。 FIG. 5 shows an example of an oxygen adding device for adding oxygen using the oxygen can 7. The oxygenator is arranged on the wall surface. A plurality of oxygen cans 7 are attached to the attachment port 14 of the pipe 13. The oxygen gas is compressed to a high pressure and placed in the oxygen can 7. An electromagnetic valve 66 is disposed in the pipe 13, and the electromagnetic valve 66 is connected to the controller 600.
　シェルター１が津波で水没、或いは猛火に包まれてから収まるまでの時間を、４８時間と想定している。大人４人を収容する場合、４８時間で酸素６．７２Ｋｇが必要であり、また、炭酸ガスが約８Ｋｇが出ると想定される。生命維持装置６で酸素濃度と二酸化炭素濃度を自動的に調整する。酸素は酸素缶７からパルス的に噴出されることが好ましい。 The time it takes for the shelter 1 to settle after being submerged in a tsunami or engulfed in a fiery fire is assumed to be 48 hours. In the case of accommodating four adults, it is assumed that 6.72 Kg of oxygen is required in 48 hours, and about 8 Kg of carbon dioxide gas is emitted. The life support device 6 automatically adjusts the oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration. Oxygen is preferably ejected from the oxygen can 7 in a pulsed manner.
　ネジ付きの高圧の酸素が封入された酸素缶７を使用する。使用の目安としては、流量調整ダイヤルの最大ダイヤルで4分強、最小ダイヤルで20分間噴射可能である。主な仕様は、内容量が98cc、重量が300g、噴出流量平均が1リットル/min、ガス量が18リットル、サイズは使用状態で直径3.8cm、高さ24cm、空気噴出量は5リットル/minである。上部に雄ネジが切られており、ねじを回すことで配管１３の装着口１４に脱着可能である。大人４人で４８時間で酸素２６２本が必要である。大人４人、４８時間で二酸化炭素約４，１００Ｌを発生する。二酸化炭素を吸着する二酸化炭素除去装置８を備えている。手動でも自動でも、手動と自動と組み合わせでもよい。理論上、４８時間、生命を維持するためには、少なくとも２６２本が必要である。酸素の放出に伴い、内部空間９の空気圧力は約２倍に増加するため、圧力調整バルブあるいは圧力逃がし弁等から構成される圧力調整機構によって所定の圧力を保つことが好ましい。 酸 素 Use an oxygen can 7 with high-pressure oxygen sealed with screws. As a guideline for use, it is possible to spray over 4 minutes with the maximum dial of the flow rate adjustment dial and 20 minutes with the minimum dial. Main specifications are 98cc internal capacity, 300g weight, 1 liter / min average jet flow, 18 liter gas volume, size 3.8cm in diameter, 24cm in height, and 5 liter / min air jet volume It is. A male screw is cut at the top, and the screw can be attached to and detached from the mounting port 14 of the pipe 13 by turning the screw. Four adults need 262 oxygen in 48 hours. Four adults generate about 4,100 L of carbon dioxide in 48 hours. A carbon dioxide removing device 8 that adsorbs carbon dioxide is provided. It may be manual or automatic, or a combination of manual and automatic. Theoretically, at least 262 are needed to sustain life for 48 hours. As the oxygen is released, the air pressure in the internal space 9 increases about twice, so that it is preferable to maintain a predetermined pressure by a pressure adjustment mechanism including a pressure adjustment valve or a pressure relief valve.
　酸素濃度計６０により、酸素濃度の設定値を下回ったら、電磁弁６６をオンとして、パルス式に酸素を供給する。お年寄りや子供のためにも、操作が簡単な自動とするが、安全のため、手動の要素も含む。人体からの発熱量も考慮する必要がある。人間一人の発熱量を100J/sとすると、前記シェルター１の内容積では、人間一人一時間で約６４℃の温度上昇が考えられる。熱源は人だけではなく、室内灯も発熱する。減圧弁を開放する時間は短い場合もあり得るので、熱を外部に逃がす効果が限定されることもあり得る。シェルター本体３に熱を逃がす構造を備えることで、シェルター内の熱による温度上昇の問題は解決可能である。 When the oxygen concentration meter 60 falls below the set value of the oxygen concentration, the solenoid valve 66 is turned on and oxygen is supplied in a pulse manner. For the elderly and children, it is easy to operate and includes manual elements for safety. It is also necessary to consider the amount of heat generated from the human body. Assuming that the heating value of one person is 100 J / s, in the inner volume of the shelter 1, a temperature increase of about 64 ° C. per person can be considered. Not only people but also room lights generate heat. Since the time for opening the pressure reducing valve may be short, the effect of releasing heat to the outside may be limited. By providing the shelter body 3 with a structure for releasing heat, the problem of temperature rise due to heat in the shelter can be solved.
　次に、二酸化炭素の吸着については、１．吸収法、２．物理吸着法、３．膜分離法、４．深冷分離法、５．酸素燃焼法が挙げられる。そのうちでは、吸収法と物理吸着法が適用できる。１．吸収法には、化学吸収法：二酸化炭素を反応吸収するアミンなどのアルカリ性の溶液を用いて、二酸化炭素を分離・回収する手法。吸収した溶液を加熱して二酸化炭素を分離する「再生工程」で消費する熱コストが問題となっている）、固体化学吸収法：二酸化炭素のみを吸収するような固体に、二酸化炭素を吸収させて分離・回収する手法。固体にはリチウムシリケートや酸化亜鉛などを用いる。物理吸収法には、高圧でメタノール、ポリエチレングリコール等の溶解度を上げた液体に二酸化炭素を物理的に吸収させ、分離・回収する手法がある。化学吸収法に比べて必要な熱量が小さく、排気ガス中に含まれる硫黄酸化物の影響による吸収液の劣化程度も小さい。 Next, regarding the adsorption of carbon dioxide, 1. Absorption method, 2. 2. physical adsorption method; 3. Membrane separation method 4. Cryogenic separation method, An oxygen combustion method is mentioned. Among them, the absorption method and the physical adsorption method can be applied. 1. The absorption method is a chemical absorption method: a method of separating and recovering carbon dioxide using an alkaline solution such as amine that reacts and absorbs carbon dioxide. Solid heat absorption method: Solid carbon that absorbs only carbon dioxide absorbs carbon dioxide Separation and recovery method. Lithium silicate or zinc oxide is used for the solid. In the physical absorption method, there is a method in which carbon dioxide is physically absorbed by a liquid having increased solubility such as methanol and polyethylene glycol at high pressure, and separated and recovered. Compared with the chemical absorption method, the amount of heat required is small, and the degree of deterioration of the absorbent due to the influence of sulfur oxides contained in the exhaust gas is also small.
　２．物理吸着法としては、ゼオライト、活性炭、アルミナなどの吸着剤に、二酸化炭素を選択吸着させ、分離・回収する手法である。さらに、圧力を変化させて二酸化炭素を選択的に分離・回収を行う方法をPSA法といい、温度を変化させて行う方法をTSA法という。その双方を組合わせた方式をPTSA法という。ここでは、人工あるいは天然ゼオライトで吸着させる。ゼオライトを使うと、常温で炭酸ガスを吸着して加熱または減圧することによって吸着した炭酸ガスを吐き出して再生することができ、ゼオライトを繰り返して使うことが可能となる。吸着して脱着した炭酸ガスをどこに吐き出させるかが問題であるが、ゼオライトを封入したカートリッジを複数個備えることによって、連続的に炭酸ガスを処理できる。 2. As the physical adsorption method, carbon dioxide is selectively adsorbed on an adsorbent such as zeolite, activated carbon, and alumina, and separated and recovered. Furthermore, the method of selectively separating and recovering carbon dioxide by changing the pressure is called the PSA method, and the method of changing the temperature is called the TSA method. A method combining both of these is called the PTSA method. Here, it is adsorbed by artificial or natural zeolite. When zeolite is used, the adsorbed carbon dioxide gas can be discharged and regenerated by adsorbing carbon dioxide gas at room temperature and heating or decompressing, and the zeolite can be used repeatedly. The problem is where the carbon dioxide gas adsorbed and desorbed is discharged, but by providing a plurality of cartridges filled with zeolite, the carbon dioxide gas can be treated continuously.
　市販のゼオライトの二酸化炭素吸着性能は、ゼオライト１グラムあたり約４５ミリグラムである。理論計算によれば、一人一日あたりの二酸化炭素を吸着するのにゼオライトが約２２キログラム必要となるが、二酸化炭素除去装置の運転方法を工夫することにより、ゼオライトの必要量を減らすことが可能である。シェルター１内は密閉空間なので、使用する材質・素材は安全なもの、余計なガスが出ないものを使うこととする。 The carbon dioxide adsorption performance of commercially available zeolite is about 45 milligrams per gram of zeolite. According to theoretical calculations, about 22 kilograms of zeolite is required to adsorb carbon dioxide per person per day, but the required amount of zeolite can be reduced by devising the operation method of the carbon dioxide removal device. It is. Since the inside of the shelter 1 is a sealed space, use safe materials and materials that do not emit extra gas.
　再生式の吸着剤（ゼオライト）を持つ複数式の二酸化炭素除去装置も使用でき、取り除かれた二酸化炭素はシェルター１外に排出される。 ∙ Multiple carbon dioxide removal devices with regenerative adsorbents (zeolite) can also be used, and the removed carbon dioxide is discharged out of the shelter 1.
　再生式の二酸化炭素除去装置の他に、水酸化リチウムの利用も出来る。 In addition to the regenerative carbon dioxide removal device, lithium hydroxide can be used.
　二酸化炭素吸着キャニスター（水酸化リチウム缶）の場合、水酸化リチウムを使用し化学反応で二酸化炭素を吸収する使い捨ての反応容器である。水酸化リチウム１グラムで０．４５リットルの二酸化炭素を吸着できる。理論計算によれば、一人一日あたりの二酸化炭素を吸着するのに約１，２００グラムの水酸化リチウムがあればよい。本実施形態１では、基本的には、使い捨て型を採用するが、再生型でも実施は可能である。フィルター、例えば、不織布をプリーツ状に形成し、これに、液化して染み込ませてた二酸化炭素吸着材を塗布又は噴射して、これを乾燥させたものを、容器に収容して、カートリッジとしたものである。外気に普段は触れないようにするため、パックに封入しておく。使用する際は開封して使用する。 In the case of a carbon dioxide adsorption canister (lithium hydroxide can), it is a disposable reaction vessel that uses lithium hydroxide to absorb carbon dioxide through a chemical reaction. One gram of lithium hydroxide can adsorb 0.45 liters of carbon dioxide. According to theoretical calculations, about 1,200 grams of lithium hydroxide is sufficient to adsorb carbon dioxide per person per day. In the first embodiment, a disposable type is basically used, but a regenerative type can also be implemented. A filter, for example, a non-woven fabric is formed into a pleated shape, and a carbon dioxide adsorbing material that has been liquefied and soaked is applied or sprayed thereon, and then dried, which is accommodated in a container to form a cartridge. Is. Enclose it in a pack to prevent it from being exposed to the outside air. Open and use when using.
　二酸化炭素吸着剤は、原材料は粉末であるが、効率よく二酸化炭素を吸着させるため、例えば、不織布のフィルターに、水酸化リチウム粉末を水に溶かし、スプレーで吹きつけて、例えば、プリーツ状に整形することが考えられる。ファン付きのカートリッジ構造でもよい。 The raw material of carbon dioxide adsorbent is powder, but in order to adsorb carbon dioxide efficiently, for example, lithium hydroxide powder is dissolved in water on a non-woven filter and sprayed with spray, for example, shaped into a pleated shape. It is possible to do. A cartridge structure with a fan may be used.
　ファン６７で空気を強制循環させない場合には、壁面に二酸化炭素吸着シートを貼り付けてもよい。電池式のファンでも空気を循環させてもよい。 When the air is not forcedly circulated by the fan 67, a carbon dioxide adsorption sheet may be attached to the wall surface. Even a battery-type fan may circulate air.
　酸素缶７と二酸化炭素除去装置８については、交換のアラームがでるようになっている。 For the oxygen can 7 and the carbon dioxide removal device 8, an alarm for replacement is given.
　生命維持装置６は移動式としてもよいし、壁のどこかに仮固定、または、固定してもよい。ここのところを可動式にすれば、通常、壁に対して平行になっているが、差し込みの便宜のため、水平位置にして、脱着する構造である。酸素濃度計６０は計測し易い箇所に設置する。酸素濃度及び二酸化炭素濃度を基準値と比較するプログラムを格納してある。酸素、二酸化炭素を計測する場所はポイントになり、高齢者、子供による作業が容易な箇所に設置しておく。数ヶ月、例えば、３ヶ月に1回は訓練と、メンテナンスを行うことが適宜であるし、必要でもある。酸素缶は４８時間で２６２本必要なため、訓練あるいはメンテナンスで使用した場合は、適宜補充する。酸素缶７は小さいほうが単価が安い。若い世代であれば自分で交換できるので、小容量でよいが、高齢者のいる場合は大容量でもよい。電源は蓄電池６５であるが、適宜、乾電池を電源としてもよい。 The life support device 6 may be mobile, or may be temporarily fixed or fixed somewhere on the wall. If it is made movable here, it is usually parallel to the wall, but for the convenience of insertion, it is structured to be attached and detached in a horizontal position. The oxygen concentration meter 60 is installed in a place where measurement is easy. A program for comparing oxygen concentration and carbon dioxide concentration with reference values is stored. The place where oxygen and carbon dioxide are measured becomes a point, and it should be installed in a place where work by elderly people and children is easy. Training and maintenance are appropriate and necessary every few months, for example, once every three months. Since 262 oxygen cans are required in 48 hours, if used for training or maintenance, refill as appropriate. The smaller the oxygen can 7, the cheaper the unit price. If you are a younger generation, you can change it yourself. The power source is the storage battery 65, but a dry battery may be used as the power source as appropriate.
　圧力調整部１０は、内部空間９と連通し、シェルター本体３を貫通する配管と、配管に配置される逆止弁とを備えている。室内のガス量が増大し、室内圧力も増大すると想定されるので、室内の減圧が必要である、そのため、シェルター本体３の外壁面を所定深さ（例えば、２～３センチ）、所定径（例えば、２～３センチ）で凹部を形成し、この凹部に開口することで、内部空間９の空気を土中に逃がすようにしてある。これにより、酸素の放出により高まる内部の圧力を減圧するようにしてあり、内部空間９での圧力増大に対しては、減圧弁を含む圧力調整部１０で調整できる。 The pressure adjusting unit 10 includes a pipe that communicates with the internal space 9 and penetrates the shelter body 3 and a check valve disposed in the pipe. Since it is assumed that the amount of gas in the room increases and the pressure in the room also increases, it is necessary to reduce the pressure in the room. Therefore, the outer wall surface of the shelter body 3 has a predetermined depth (for example, 2 to 3 cm) and a predetermined diameter (for example, For example, a concave portion is formed at 2 to 3 centimeters, and the air in the internal space 9 is allowed to escape into the soil by opening the concave portion. Thereby, the internal pressure that is increased by the release of oxygen is reduced, and the pressure increase in the internal space 9 can be adjusted by the pressure adjusting unit 10 including the pressure reducing valve.
　津波あるいは土石流に襲われた場合、最低、２時間くらいはシェルター本体３に水圧或いは土圧がかかるので、それに耐えるだけの強度は維持されている。また、最低４８時間、耐えられるだけの酸素は備えてある。最低時間は、場所によって、時間が異なるので、対応しておく。 When hit by a tsunami or debris flow, water or earth pressure is applied to the shelter body 3 for at least about 2 hours, so the strength to withstand it is maintained. It also has enough oxygen to withstand for a minimum of 48 hours. The minimum time depends on the location.
　内部空間９内において、人の呼吸によって二酸化炭素が増加し、酸素が減少した汚染空気を浄化する生命維持装置６を示す。二酸化炭素除去装置８は、吸着剤に二酸化炭素を吸着させて二酸化炭素を除去するものである。酸素は酸素缶７から供給され、内部空間９に拡散される。 In the internal space 9, a life support device 6 for purifying polluted air in which carbon dioxide has increased due to human breathing and oxygen has decreased is shown. The carbon dioxide removing device 8 removes carbon dioxide by adsorbing carbon dioxide to the adsorbent. Oxygen is supplied from the oxygen can 7 and diffused into the internal space 9.
　生命維持装置６を駆動運転すれば、内部空間９内の空気を避難者が正常に呼吸できる範囲に維持することは可能である。二酸化炭素除去装置８において、汚染空気から炭酸ガスが除去され、除去された後の炭酸ガス濃度を解析的に求めることもできる。 If the life support device 6 is driven and operated, it is possible to maintain the air in the internal space 9 within a range in which the evacuees can normally breathe. In the carbon dioxide removal device 8, carbon dioxide gas is removed from the contaminated air, and the carbon dioxide concentration after the removal can be analytically determined.
　つぎに避難装置である半地下式避難シェルター本体３の築造工事方法について説明する。本体を設置するにあたって地面に縦横の外周ともに半地下式避難シェルター本体３の外部寸法よりも大きい寸法で掘り下げる。深さは、コンクリート基礎２と土圧の関係があるために一定とはならない。事前調査の場合によっては、土留工事を行う必要となる場合がある。もし必要となれば、土留工事も同時に進める。 Next, a method for constructing the semi-underground evacuation shelter body 3 as an evacuation device will be described. When installing the main body, both the vertical and horizontal outer circumferences are dug down to a size larger than the external dimension of the semi-underground evacuation shelter main body 3. The depth is not constant because of the relationship between the concrete foundation 2 and earth pressure. Depending on the preliminary survey, it may be necessary to perform earth retaining work. If necessary, the earth retaining work will be carried out at the same time.
　人力掘削及び超小型の掘削機を使用して所定の深さまで彫り上げる。掘削作業中は、建物の本体の挙動に注意を払いながら作業を進める。特に掘削深度には、注意を要する。掘削完了後は、エンジン式プレートにて転圧を行い、続いて砕石を敷きならす。砕石の材料は、再生骨材のＪＩＳ規格 RC２５を使用する。砕石の敷均し後は、エンジンプレートにて転圧を行って平坦化を図る。 人 Carved up to a predetermined depth using a human-powered excavator and an ultra-small excavator. During excavation work, proceed with paying attention to the behavior of the building body. Special attention must be paid to the depth of excavation. After excavation is completed, rolling is performed with an engine-type plate, and then crushed stone is laid. The crushed stone material uses recycled aggregate JIS standard RC25. After leveling the crushed stone, the engine plate is pressed to flatten it.
　続いて、コンクリート基礎２の築造を行う。このとき、コンクリート基礎２の鉄筋と、住宅５００のベタ基礎５０１と鉄筋で連結してから、コンクリートを打設する。コンクリート材料は、普通ポルトランドセメントを使用する。工事日程の短縮が必要な場合は、早強コンクリートを使用して硬化時間の短縮を行う。基本的には現場施工である。コンクリート基礎２の上に表面保護コンクリートを打設する。コンクリート材料は、普通ポルトランドセメントでよい。 Next, the concrete foundation 2 is constructed. At this time, after connecting the reinforcing bar of the concrete foundation 2 and the solid foundation 501 of the house 500 with the reinforcing bar, the concrete is placed. As the concrete material, ordinary Portland cement is used. When it is necessary to shorten the construction schedule, use early-strength concrete to shorten the setting time. It is basically on-site construction. Surface protective concrete is placed on the concrete foundation 2. The concrete material may be normal Portland cement.
　コンクリート基礎２はスクリューパイルのような羽つきの鋼管杭を、強度を強くするため、地中に打設することが好ましい。これにより、シェルター１を支持するだけではなく、倒れないようにすることができる。 The concrete foundation 2 is preferably placed in the ground with a winged steel pipe pile like a screw pile in order to increase the strength. Thereby, it is possible not only to support the shelter 1 but also to prevent it from falling down.
　コンクリートが硬化後にシェルター本体３の施工を行う。現場施工の場合には鉄筋を構築してからコンクリートを打設する。シェルター本体３を二重構造とし、外側領域が鉄筋コンクリート３ｇ、内側領域が鉄板３ｈによる円柱構造を築造する。鉄板３ｆは、水圧に対抗できるように溶接を行うものとした。シェルター本体３のスロープ３ａと隣接する側の鉄筋に二対のＨ型鋼材３ｂを間隔を開けて連結し、コンクリートを打設し、Ｈ型鋼材３ｂの半分を埋め込んで固定する。一対のＨ型鋼材３ｂで形成される溝に鉄板３ｆを差し込んで固定する。 ¡Install the shelter body 3 after the concrete has hardened. In the case of on-site construction, concrete is laid after reinforcing bars are constructed. The shelter body 3 has a double structure, and a columnar structure is constructed with reinforced concrete 3g in the outer region and iron plate 3h in the inner region. The iron plate 3f was welded so as to resist the water pressure. Two pairs of H-shaped steel materials 3b are connected to a reinforcing bar on the side adjacent to the slope 3a of the shelter body 3 with a gap between them, concrete is placed, and half of the H-shaped steel material 3b is embedded and fixed. An iron plate 3f is inserted and fixed in a groove formed by a pair of H-shaped steel materials 3b.
　シェルター本体３は現場施工であるが、工場製造のプレキャストコンクリートとしてもよい。この部品は、重量があるのでトラッククレーンにて、搬入する。先行して基礎コンクリート２に埋めてあるエントランス定着アンカーに合わせて据え付ける。据え付け後は、ナットにて締め付けを行う。ナットの締め付け作業は、すべてのナットが均一になるように、トルク式レンチを使用する。 The shelter body 3 is on-site construction, but may be precast concrete manufactured at the factory. Since these parts are heavy, they are carried by a truck crane. It is installed according to the entrance anchor anchor buried in the foundation concrete 2 in advance. After installation, tighten with nuts. When tightening the nuts, use a torque wrench so that all the nuts are uniform.
　次にシェルター本体３の両側に残土とセメントを混ぜあわせた土を積み上げ、表面にコンクリートを打設し、スロープ３ａを築造する。 Next, pile up soil mixed with residual soil and cement on both sides of the shelter body 3, cast concrete on the surface, and build the slope 3a.
　次に開口部４に防火鉄鋼製扉５を取り付ける。 Next, a fire-proof steel door 5 is attached to the opening 4.
　さらに生命維持装置６とコントローラ６００を配置する。 Furthermore, a life support device 6 and a controller 600 are arranged.
　本実施形態１の効果を説明する。 The effect of the first embodiment will be described.
　耐水圧性能が２気圧（水深２０ｍ相当）であり、シェルターが水没した時を想定して酸素等の生命維持機能を持つので、例えば、大人４人でも、少なくとも４８時間はシェルター内で生命を維持できる。 The water pressure resistance is 2 atm (equivalent to a water depth of 20 m), and it has life support functions such as oxygen assuming that the shelter is submerged. For example, even 4 adults can maintain life in the shelter for at least 48 hours. it can.
　本実施形態１によれば、津波に襲われ或いは猛火に包まれた場合、避難者がシェルター１の防火鉄鋼製扉５を開けて入り、ドアロックのハンドルを廻せば施錠されて、シェルター１は密閉される。そして、津波或いは火焔はシェルター１の外側を形成している防護壁１１によって遮断され、また高熱や煙は防火鉄鋼製扉５によっても遮断され、避難者は焔や熱や煙から隔離保護され、身体の安全を守る事が出来る。また、ドアの施錠解錠は内外の両ハンドルの何れからでも操作出来るので避難者をシェルター１内から救出又は脱出させる場合の安全性はより一層向上する。防火鉄鋼製扉５は、年寄りや子供にはロックしにくいために、自動施錠機構を設けることが好ましい。自動施錠機構は機械式または電気式の一般的なものでよい。 According to the first embodiment, when a tsunami hits or is engulfed by a fierce fire, an evacuee opens the fire-proof steel door 5 of the shelter 1 and turns the door lock handle to lock the shelter 1. Sealed. The tsunami or fire is blocked by the protective wall 11 forming the outside of the shelter 1, and the high heat and smoke are also blocked by the fire-proof steel door 5, and the evacuees are isolated and protected from the fire, heat and smoke, You can keep your body safe. Further, since the door can be locked and unlocked from both the inside and outside handles, the safety when the evacuees are rescued or escaped from the shelter 1 is further improved. The fire-proof steel door 5 is preferably provided with an automatic locking mechanism because it is difficult for elderly people and children to lock. The automatic locking mechanism may be a general mechanical or electric type.
　避難者がシェルター１に入ると、シェルター１内部に設置された人感センサによって室内灯６８がＯＮになったあと、生命維持装置６が自動的に起動する。 When the refugee enters the shelter 1, the life support device 6 is automatically activated after the indoor light 68 is turned on by the human sensor installed in the shelter 1.
　避難時に、煙や有毒ガスがシェルター１に侵入しても二酸化炭素除去装置８によって吸収されるので、避難者は安全に居室出来、呼吸困難や気管器障害等を起こすことはない。 During the evacuation, even if smoke or toxic gas enters the shelter 1, it is absorbed by the carbon dioxide removal device 8, so that the refugee can safely stay in the room and will not cause difficulty in breathing or tracheal problems.
　酸素缶７の電磁弁６６を、当初の自動操作以後手動によってスイッチを開成して反覆開閉したため、酸素がなくなった場合でも、酸素濃度計６０による酸素量の計測結果から酸素量不足が報知されるので、緊急用の酸素缶を必要に応じて噴出させて容部内に補充出来るので、生命の安全維持が可能である。また、室内灯６８の点燈は勿論のこと、酸素缶からの酸素の供給もドアの閉止と同時に自動的に電気的におこなわれるので、点燈や供給の操作を忘れたりすることなく安全である。酸素濃度を自動調節し、二酸化炭素を減らす。非常時だけではなく、常時使うことが可能である。 Since the solenoid valve 66 of the oxygen can 7 is manually opened and repetitively opened and closed after the initial automatic operation, even when the oxygen is exhausted, the oxygen amount shortage is notified from the result of measuring the oxygen amount by the oxygen concentration meter 60. Therefore, an emergency oxygen can can be ejected as needed and refilled into the container, so that life safety can be maintained. In addition to the lighting of the interior light 68, the supply of oxygen from the oxygen can is automatically and electrically performed simultaneously with the closing of the door, so it is safe without forgetting the lighting and supply operations. is there. Automatically adjust oxygen concentration and reduce carbon dioxide. It can be used at all times, not just in an emergency.
　別の実施形態２の避難装置２０１を図６に示す。基本的には実施形態１と同様であるので、説明は援用し、主に相違点を説明する。この避難装置２０１は、円筒形の三重構造の壁体２０３と防火鉄鋼製扉２０５とを備えている。この壁体２０３は、鉄板２０３ａの表裏にコンクリート又は鉄筋コンクリート２０３ｂを配置し、挟持した三重構造のものである。鉄板２０３ａが下方に連続的に地中に突出しており、鉄板２０３ａの下端部が地中に埋設可能な構造となっており、地中への固定強度を構造力学的に高めるとともに、内部温度が上昇した場合、温度勾配により、鉄板２０３ａを介して内部空間に蓄積した熱を地中に逃がすことで、温度低下装置（熱アース）として機能する。円筒形は角形であっても構わない。 FIG. 6 shows an evacuation device 201 according to another embodiment 2. Since it is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, the description is cited and mainly the differences are described. The evacuation device 201 includes a cylindrical triple structure wall 203 and a fireproof steel door 205. The wall body 203 has a triple structure in which concrete or reinforced concrete 203b is disposed between the front and back surfaces of the iron plate 203a. The iron plate 203a continuously protrudes downward into the ground, and the lower end of the iron plate 203a has a structure that can be embedded in the ground. When it rises, it functions as a temperature lowering device (thermal ground) by releasing the heat accumulated in the internal space through the iron plate 203a into the ground by the temperature gradient. The cylindrical shape may be a square shape.
　別の実施形態３の避難装置３０１を図７に示す。基本的には実施形態１と同様であるので、説明は援用し、主に相違点を説明する。この避難装置３０１は、突出する鉄板３０３ａが櫛歯形状に形成されているものであり、他は避難装置２０１と同様の構造であり、効果も同様である。 FIG. 7 shows an evacuation device 301 according to another embodiment 3. Since it is basically the same as that of the first embodiment, the description is cited and mainly the differences are described. This evacuation device 301 has a protruding iron plate 303a formed in a comb-teeth shape, and the other structure is the same as that of the evacuation device 201, and the effect is also the same.
　別の実施形態４の避難装置４０１を図８に示す。基本的には実施形態１、２と同様であるので、説明は援用し、主に相違点を説明する。この避難装置４０１は、実施形態２に支柱４０３ｃを側壁に追加設置したもので、液状化現象に対して、避難装置４０１が沈下または浮上を防止する効果がある。この支柱４０３ｃは、予め壁体４０３に貫通穴を設け、この貫通穴にパイプ杭、鉄板、短管等から構成される支柱４０３ｃを溶接等で４０３ｂに接続したものである。工事は、避難装置４０１の内部空間に杭打ち機を入れ、内側から貫通穴に支柱４０３ｃを入れて、杭打ち機で地中に撃ち込むこととする。杭打ち機が大型であれば、天井板を分離式として、工事後、杭打ち機を除去し、鉄板を本体に溶接すればよい。 FIG. 8 shows an evacuation device 401 according to another embodiment 4. Since it is basically the same as those of the first and second embodiments, the description is cited and the differences are mainly described. This evacuation device 401 is obtained by additionally installing a column 403c on the side wall in the second embodiment, and has an effect of preventing the evacuation device 401 from sinking or rising against a liquefaction phenomenon. This support column 403c is obtained by providing a through hole in the wall body 403 in advance, and connecting a support column 403c composed of a pipe pile, an iron plate, a short pipe, etc., to the 403b by welding or the like. In the construction, a pile driving machine is put into the internal space of the evacuation device 401, a column 403c is put into a through hole from the inside, and the pile driving machine is shot into the ground. If the pile driver is large, the ceiling plate can be separated, the pile driver can be removed after construction, and the iron plate can be welded to the main body.
　なお、本発明は、上述の実施の形態に限定されず、本発明の技術的思想を逸脱しない範囲で、様々な改変、置換、欠失等を行うことが出来、改変、均等、置換、欠失等も本発明の技術的範囲に含まれる。例えば、本発明の密閉空間用生命維持システムは、半地下式シェルターに限らず、地下式シェルター、カプセル構造（災害時に水面に浮上する方式を含む）等の避難装置にも適用が可能である。実施形態１～４において、地上部の外面にコンクリートのキャップを設けて火災に対する防火性、耐熱性を向上させることもできる。この場合、コンクリートの厚みは２５～４０ｍｍが好ましい。さらに壁体の内部又は外部に熱伝導率の高いアルミニウム等の金属製の放熱板を設けることで熱を拡散させる構造としてもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications, substitutions, deletions, etc. can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention. Loss and the like are also included in the technical scope of the present invention. For example, the life support system for a sealed space according to the present invention is not limited to a semi-underground shelter, but can be applied to an evacuation device such as an underground shelter and a capsule structure (including a system that floats on the water surface in the event of a disaster). In the first to fourth embodiments, a concrete cap may be provided on the outer surface of the ground portion to improve fire resistance and heat resistance against fire. In this case, the concrete thickness is preferably 25 to 40 mm. Furthermore, it is good also as a structure which diffuses heat by providing metal heat sinks, such as aluminum with high heat conductivity, in the inside or the outside of a wall.
　生命維持装置を備えた家庭用の避難シェルターを安価で工期も短縮して提供でき、津波、火災、竜巻等に対して安心安全な環境を提供できる。特に、沿岸部において、その産業上の利用価値は大である。 家庭 Evacuation shelters for home use equipped with life support devices can be provided at low cost and with a short construction period, and a safe and secure environment against tsunamis, fires, tornadoes, etc. can be provided. Especially in coastal areas, its industrial utility value is great.
１・・・半地下式避難シェルター（避難装置）
２・・・コンクリート基礎
３・・・シェルター本体
３ａ・・・スロープ
３ｂ・・・Ｈ型鋼材
３ｃ・・・床板
３ｄ・・・開口
３ｅ・・・突出部
３ｆ・・・鉄板
３ｇ・・・鉄筋コンクリート
３ｈ・・・鉄板
４・・・開口部
５・・・防火鉄鋼製扉
６・・・生命維持装置
６０・・・酸素濃度計
６１・・・二酸化炭素濃度計
６２・・・温度計
６３・・・圧力計
６４・・・ドアロックセンサ
６５・・・蓄電池
６６・・・電磁弁
６７・・・ファン
６８・・・室内灯
６００・・・コントローラ
６０１・・・ＣＰＵ
６０２・・・ＲＡＭ
６０３・・・ＲＯＭ
６０４・・・カウンタ
６０５・・・タイマ
６０６・・・音声制御部
６０７・・・入力部
６０８・・・モニター
６０９・・・入出力インタフェース
６１０・・・バス
７・・・酸素缶
８・・・二酸化炭素除去装置
９・・・内部空間
１０・・・圧力調整部
１１・・・防護壁
１１ａ・・・Ｈ型鋼材
１２・・・土間鉄筋コンクリート
１３・・・配管
１４・・・装着口
２０１，３０１，４０１・・・避難装置
２０３，３０３，４０３・・・壁体
２０３ａ・・・鉄板
２０３ｂ・・・コンクリート
４０３ｃ・・・支柱
５００・・・住宅
５０１・・・ベタ基礎
５０２・・・駐車場
５０３・・・自動車
５０４・・・庭
５０５・・・フェンス 1 ・ ・ ・ Semi-underground evacuation shelter
2 ... Concrete foundation 3 ... Shelter body 3a ... Slope 3b ... H-type steel 3c ... Floor plate 3d ... Opening 3e ... Projection 3f ... Iron plate 3g ... Reinforced concrete 3h ... Iron plate 4 ... Opening 5 ... Fireproof steel door 6 ... Life support device 60 ... Oxygen concentration meter 61 ... Carbon dioxide concentration meter 62 ... Thermometer 63 ... -Pressure gauge 64 ... Door lock sensor 65 ... Storage battery 66 ... Solenoid valve 67 ... Fan 68 ... Indoor light 600 ... Controller 601 ... CPU
602 ... RAM
603 ... ROM
604 ... Counter 605 ... Timer 606 ... Audio control unit 607 ... Input unit 608 ... Monitor 609 ... I / O interface 610 ... Bus 7 ... Oxygen can 8 ... Carbon dioxide removing device 9 ... internal space 10 ... pressure adjusting part 11 ... protective wall 11a ... H-shaped steel 12 ... soil reinforced concrete 13 ... piping 14 ... mounting ports 201, 301 401 ... Evacuation devices 203, 303, 403 ... Wall body 203a ... Iron plate 203b ... Concrete 403c ... Column 500 ... Housing 501 ... Solid foundation 502 ... Parking lot 503 ... car 504 ... garden 505 ... fence

Claims (7)

  1. 　鉄鋼製のシェルター本体と、
    　前記シェルター本体に設けた鉄鋼製の防火扉と、を備え、
    　少なくとも水深５ｍの水圧に耐え、密閉状態において、前記シェルター本体の内部空間に酸素を供給する酸素供給装置と、前記シェルター本体の内部空間の二酸化炭素を吸着する二酸化炭素除去装置と、酸素の濃度を計測する酸素濃度計と、二酸化炭素の濃度を計測する二酸化炭素濃度計と、コントローラと、を設けることにより、酸素供給装置と二酸化炭素除去装置を調整することにより、少なくとも１２時間以上生存できる生命維持環境とすることを特徴とする避難装置。     A steel shelter body,
    A steel fire door provided on the shelter body,
    An oxygen supply device that withstands water pressure of at least a depth of 5 m and supplies oxygen to the internal space of the shelter body in a sealed state, a carbon dioxide removal device that adsorbs carbon dioxide in the internal space of the shelter body, and an oxygen concentration By providing an oxygen concentration meter to measure, a carbon dioxide concentration meter to measure the concentration of carbon dioxide, and a controller, by adjusting the oxygen supply device and the carbon dioxide removal device, a life support that can survive for at least 12 hours or more An evacuation device characterized by the environment.
  2. 　前記二酸化炭素除去装置は、二酸化炭素吸着剤を含浸あるいは塗布させたシート状部材を備えたカートリッジである請求項１の避難装置。 The evacuation device according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide removing device is a cartridge including a sheet-like member impregnated or coated with a carbon dioxide adsorbent.
  3. 　前記二酸化炭素除去装置は、二酸化炭素吸着剤を含浸あるいは塗布させたシート状部材をシェルター本体の内壁に装着した請求項１の避難装置。 The evacuation device according to claim 1, wherein the carbon dioxide removing device is equipped with a sheet-like member impregnated or coated with a carbon dioxide adsorbent on the inner wall of the shelter body.
  4. 　前記酸素供給装置が酸素缶であり、前記酸素缶を脱着自在に複数個装着する配管と、配管に設けた電磁弁と、コントローラを備え、コントローラからの信号により、配管出口から酸素をパルス的に前記内部空間に放出する請求項１の避難装置。 The oxygen supply device is an oxygen can, and includes a pipe on which a plurality of the oxygen cans are detachably attached, a solenoid valve provided on the pipe, and a controller. The evacuation device according to claim 1, wherein the evacuation device discharges into the internal space.
  5. 　前記酸素缶を装着する装着口を備える配管と同様な構造の配管及び装着口を備え、当該配管の装着口に前記カートリッジを脱着自在に装着できる請求項２の避難装置。 The evacuation apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a piping and a mounting port having a structure similar to a piping having a mounting port for mounting the oxygen can, wherein the cartridge can be detachably mounted to the mounting port of the piping.
  6. 　前記シェルター本体が鉄板を備え、鉄板が地中に突出する放熱構造を備える請求項１の避難装置。 The evacuation device according to claim 1, wherein the shelter body includes an iron plate, and the iron plate includes a heat dissipation structure protruding into the ground.
  7. 　出入口を備えた密閉空間を備え、密閉状態において、前記シェルター本体の内部空間に酸素を供給する酸素供給装置と、前記シェルター本体の内部空間の二酸化炭素を吸着する二酸化炭素除去装置と、酸素の濃度を計測する酸素濃度計と、二酸化炭素の濃度を計測する二酸化炭素濃度計と、コントローラと、を設けることにより、酸素供給装置と二酸化炭素除去装置を調整することにより、少なくとも１２時間以上は生存できる生命維持環境とすることを特徴とする密閉空間用生命維持システム。 An oxygen supply device that includes an enclosed space with an entrance and exit and supplies oxygen to the internal space of the shelter body in a sealed state; a carbon dioxide removal device that adsorbs carbon dioxide in the internal space of the shelter body; and an oxygen concentration By providing an oxygen concentration meter that measures oxygen, a carbon dioxide concentration meter that measures the concentration of carbon dioxide, and a controller, it is possible to survive for at least 12 hours by adjusting the oxygen supply device and the carbon dioxide removal device. A life support system for enclosed spaces characterized by a life support environment.
PCT/JP2016/004474 2015-10-10 2016-10-05 Evacuation device and life support system for enclosed spaces WO2017061108A1 (en)

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JP6418620B1 (en) * 2017-12-25 2018-11-07 株式会社シェルタージャパン Underground shelter
JP2019112921A (en) * 2018-06-12 2019-07-11 株式会社シェルタージャパン Underground shelter
US20220349201A1 (en) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Homeland Security Vertical Flood Escape Structure

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JPH0378563U (en) * 1989-11-30 1991-08-08
WO2013018872A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-02-07 Kuroiwa Kazuo Voluntarily mobile, limited-functionality daily life shelter
JP2014121932A (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-07-03 Hiroisa Koizumi Structure of refuge capsule for earthquake and tsunami and structure for waiting in passenger car
JP5706572B1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2015-04-22 一剛 小島 Tsunami shelter

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US4631872A (en) * 1983-01-12 1986-12-30 Daroga Nader D Nuclear blast and fall-out shelter
JPH0378563U (en) * 1989-11-30 1991-08-08
WO2013018872A1 (en) * 2011-07-29 2013-02-07 Kuroiwa Kazuo Voluntarily mobile, limited-functionality daily life shelter
JP2014121932A (en) * 2012-12-21 2014-07-03 Hiroisa Koizumi Structure of refuge capsule for earthquake and tsunami and structure for waiting in passenger car
JP5706572B1 (en) * 2014-09-30 2015-04-22 一剛 小島 Tsunami shelter

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6418620B1 (en) * 2017-12-25 2018-11-07 株式会社シェルタージャパン Underground shelter
JP2019112851A (en) * 2017-12-25 2019-07-11 株式会社シェルタージャパン Underground shelter
JP2019112921A (en) * 2018-06-12 2019-07-11 株式会社シェルタージャパン Underground shelter
US20220349201A1 (en) * 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Homeland Security Vertical Flood Escape Structure
US11560731B2 (en) * 2021-04-30 2023-01-24 The Government of the United States of America, as represented by the Secretary of Homeland Security Vertical flood escape structure

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