JP2015092049A - Tsunami evacuation tower - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a tsunami evacuation tower capable of solving the problems of causing the difficulty when an aged person and a sick person evacuate, and of being difficult for a large number of evacuees to evacuate to the same evacuation place in a short time.SOLUTION: A structure having a watertight possible evacuation space for accommodating the evacuees evacuating from a tsunami, is provided on the ground, and an entrance for going in and out of the evacuation space is provided in a position near from the ground surface, and an opening-closing door capable of water-tightly closing the entrance is provided, and air pollution is prevented so that a rate of oxygen in air in the evacuation space does not become lower than a predetermined oxygen lower limit value and a rate of carbon dioxide does not become larger than a predetermined carbon dioxide upper limit value by breathing of the tsunami evacuees accommodated in the evacuation space in a watertight time.

Description

The present invention relates to an evacuation site for evacuating from a tsunami. In particular, it relates to an artificial evacuation site for evacuating from a huge tsunami.

From ancient times to the present, huge tsunamis attacked the coastal area of Japan, killing the lives of many people,
It has caused great sorrow and great damage to people. Especially in recent years, the scale of tsunami has been increasing due to the effects of global warming. On the other hand, many proposals have been made regarding evacuation means and evacuation sites for evacuating from the tsunami. The main evacuation means or evacuation methods proposed to date are as follows.
(1) A method of evacuating on a hill, hill or mountain, or evacuating on the roof of a building or the roof of a house. This is a traditional evacuation method that has been handed down.
(2) A method of providing an artificial evacuation site higher than the expected tsunami height. This is a method in which a plurality of support columns are fixed and installed on the installation base, and an evacuation site is provided at the top of the support column. Many evacuation devices using this concept have been proposed.
For example, the inventions described in Patent Documents 1 to 5 belong to this group. In the invention described in Patent Document 1, a plurality of support columns are arranged in a regular polygonal shape on a foundation ground, fixed, and these adjacent support columns are connected by a horizontal connecting material, and an evacuation stage is provided on the top floor. In addition to the above, it is provided with a means for raising and lowering from the ground to the evacuation stage. The invention described in Patent Document 2 is substantially the same as that of Patent Document 1, except that a plurality of support columns are provided in a polygonal cone shape. The invention described in Patent Document 3 is substantially the same as that of Patent Document 1, except that the columns are erected on both sides of the road.
In the invention described in Patent Document 4, the struts are connected by connecting members, and at the same time, each strut is provided with mound-shaped strut protection means on the foundation ground, and each strut is embedded and fixed in the strut protection means. This is different from the invention described in Patent Document 1. In the invention described in Patent Document 5, a cylindrical concrete structure is erected on the installation base instead of the plurality of columns of the invention of Patent Document 1, and an evacuation place is provided on the ceiling portion and the tubular structure. Multiple floors are provided inside the body, spiral stairs are provided inside to connect the floors, and an external stairs is provided on the opposite side of the direction of the tsunami so that it can be moved up and down to the evacuation site. In Patent Document 1
This is different from the invention.
(3) It is a method in which a floating object is levitated by tsunami water and an evacuation place is provided inside the floating object. For example, the invention described in Patent Document 6 is configured such that an evacuation chamber is provided on the upper side of the tsunami shelter body and a buoyancy chamber is provided on the lower side so that the tsunami shelter body floats on the surface of the tsunami water when a tsunami strikes. In addition, it is an evacuation facility in which one end of the connecting rope is connected to the tsunami shelter body and the other end is fixed to the foundation ground so that the tsunami shelter body does not flow out.
The invention described in Patent Document 7 is configured so that a floating support device having an evacuation room can be fixed to and detached from the upper surface of a foundation structure, and when a tsunami higher than the expected height hits the foundation, It is different from the invention described in Patent Document 6 in that it is structured to protect the safety of evacuees by separating from the structure and floating on the water.
(4) Other evacuation methods As other evacuation methods, for example, the invention described in Patent Document 8 is an evacuation device having an underground capsule embedded in the ground, and an external air intake means in the capsule body, This is an evacuation site (evacuation facility) with drainage means, emergency food, water, communication means, bedding, etc., and an evacuation route that communicates with the outside. The evacuation path has a configuration in which a cylinder projecting from the capsule body onto the ground is provided, a staircase is provided inside the cylinder, and a lid that can be opened and closed is provided at the upper end of the cylinder. Further, the invention described in Patent Document 9 forms a digging cave near the ground of the foot of the mountain, provides an evacuation chamber in the interior thereof, a sealed door on the front surface, and a means for discharging water in the evacuation chamber And a device provided with air-conditioning means.

JP-A 2005-32562, evacuation device from emergency such as tsunami and flood, Fujiwara Sangyo Co., Ltd. JP2007-120241, Evacuation Tower, SK Housing Co., Ltd. JP 2008-14131, Tsunami Evacuation Tower, Fujiwara Sangyo Co., Ltd. JP 2010-150916, evacuation device from tsunami, Fujiwara Sangyo Co., Ltd. JP 2006-132280, evacuation equipment from tsunami, Keiji Natsuyama JP 2006-226099, Tsunami Shelter, Masayuki Taguchi Registered July 25, 2012, Utility Model No. 3177707, Kusunori Kawatake JP 2005-315096, evacuation device from emergency such as tsunami and flood, Fujiwara Sangyo Co., Ltd. JP2010-112436, Tsunami Evacuation Device, Mitsuhiro Fujiwara

Mystery of the human body, volume 3, digestive organs / respiratory system, Medi-Is, Inc., issued on March 15, 2005 Supervised by Seiji Kurioka, a dictionary that understands CO2, published by PHP Research Institute, Ltd., published on March 23, 2010 The story of the ground and the architectural structure, Yoshiaki Yoshiaki, Giodo Publishing, Threat of liquefaction, Masanori Hamada, Iwanami Shoten Publishing, published on March 7, 2012 Liquefaction caused by earthquakes and countermeasures, edited by Kanto Geological Survey Association, published by Ohmsha, September 15, 2012

The method belonging to the above-mentioned classification (1) is a method that has been communicated and practiced for a long time, and uses a natural environment or the like, so that the cost is low and convenient. However, it cannot always be adopted anywhere. For example, if you live in a wide beach plain,
You have to use a car to get to the mountains. During a tsunami disaster, evacuation roads are expected to be crowded, and there is a problem with the movement of cars.
Also, in the case of a hill or hill with a relatively low sea level near the coast, a huge tsunami, that is, a tsunami with enormous energy, may push over the highest point of the hill or hill.
Such a tsunami is a problem because if it flows to the opposite side beyond the highest point, the flow velocity of the tsunami increases and it becomes extremely dangerous. Conversely, when the hills and mountains are steep, it is difficult for elderly and sick people to evacuate. As described above, there is a problem in that an evacuation site using the natural environment is not always obtained unlike an artificial evacuation site.

The method belonging to category (2) has a problem in that if the height of the tsunami that hits exceeds the assumed height, the damage caused by the tsunami is inevitable. Further, when the assumed height is increased, for example, 20
If it is more than meters, it is a problem because the stairs of the steel tower must be climbed 20 meters or more, and even normal persons feel a sense of fear and wheelchair users cannot climb.

The method belonging to category (3) has a problem in that it is difficult to construct a floating body that accommodates many people. Even if a large floating body can be constructed, there is a problem because the flow resistance due to tsunami water increases, and the risk of the connection cable being cut and being washed off the ocean increases. Furthermore, since many drifting objects are drifting on the surface of the tsunami, there is a danger of colliding with these drifting objects, which is also a problem in terms of safety.

It is a method that uses an underground capsule or the like in the method (4). For example, in the invention of Patent Document 8, the capsule body is provided in the basement, and a ladder is provided in a narrow vertical hole that connects the capsule body and the outside. Therefore, it is difficult and problematic for many people to evacuate into the capsule in a short time during evacuation. Furthermore, the present invention has a structure in which an outside air intake pipe protrudes from the underground capsule onto the water surface to take in outside air (air). However, the risk of the pipe being damaged by drifting material flowing near the water surface is also a serious problem. Furthermore, when the water surface is higher than the upper end of the pipe, water flows into the pipe from the tip of the pipe, and it becomes impossible to take in outside air (air), which may cause a serious accident.
The invention described in Patent Document 9 is different from that of Patent Document 8 in that the evacuation site is provided at the foot of the mountain, but the air intake is similar to that of Patent Document 8 and has similar problems. Arise.

As explained above, conventional evacuation sites and evacuation facilities have difficulty when elderly people and sick people evacuate, and it is difficult for many evacuees to evacuate to the same shelter in a short time. There are problems such as. The present invention proposes a tsunami evacuation tower using a watertight space as an evacuation space in order to solve the above problems. However, there are also problems when using watertight spaces. The problems and solutions are described below.

(Problem 1)
FIG. 9A is a diagram for explaining human breathing.
Humans live by breathing air (outside air). That is, when a person breathes, the air is taken into the alveoli (lungs) 91 and oxygen in the taken air is taken into the blood of the capillaries 92, and the pulmonary veins 93, the heart 94, the aorta 95, the capillaries. Run to 96. At the same time, the carbon dioxide collected by the capillary 96 is discharged into the alveoli 91 through the vena cava 97, the heart 94, the pulmonary artery 98, and the capillary 92. Oxygen sent to the capillaries 96 is consumed as energy necessary for working the functions of the body (for example, thinking, moving the limbs, etc.) from the food and nutrients stored in the body. Also, carbon dioxide collected from the body tissue (capillary blood vessel 96) is sent from the capillary blood vessel 92 to the alveoli 91 by the valve of the heart 94. The movement of oxygen from the alveoli 91 into the capillaries 92 (gas exchange) and the transfer of carbon dioxide from the capillaries 92 to the alveoli 91 (gas exchange) are diffused through the membrane of the alveoli 91 and the walls of the capillaries 92. Is done. The diffusion phenomenon is a physical phenomenon in which a substance moves from a higher concentration to a lower concentration, and a certain high concentration difference is necessary as a diffusion condition. For this reason, a certain amount of oxygen or carbon dioxide concentration difference is required between the intake air (inhaled by humans) 90a and the outside air, and the exhaled air (human exhaled air) 90b and the outside air.

When the concentration difference is small, humans feel pain and physical condition. Fig. 9 (B) is a table showing the concentration of each component of inhalation (the air that humans inhale) and exhalation (the air exhaled by people), and exhaled air contains about 1% of water vapor. That is, approximately 5% between the exhalation 90b and the inspiration 90a.
There is a concentration difference of about 4% for carbon dioxide.
The lower limit of oxygen concentration and the upper limit of carbon dioxide that people begin to feel pain are as follows.
When the oxygen concentration is low, people feel painful and feel unwell. For example, I feel pain in breathing near the top of Mt. Fuji. The oxygen concentration at the top of Mt. Fuji is about 60 to 70% of the oxygen concentration on the ground. That is, if the oxygen concentration on the ground is 21%, the oxygen concentration at the top of Mt. Fuji is 12.6% to 14.7%. Accordingly, the oxygen concentration (oxygen lower limit value) at which humans begin to feel pain is considered to be around 14%.
Also, if the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeds 3-4%, symptoms such as headache, dizziness, and nausea appear, and if the concentration increases further, the person may lose consciousness and stop breathing (non-) Patent Document 2).
Therefore, it is appropriate to consider the upper limit of carbon dioxide as about 2.5 to 3%.

As a method of solving the problems when using the above watertight space as an evacuation site,
The following methods are possible. That is, the first method is a method in which the volume of the internal space of the watertight structure is widened so that the oxygen concentration and the carbon dioxide concentration do not exceed the lower limit value or the upper limit value. The second method is a method of purifying contaminated air by providing a carbon dioxide removal device and an oxygen supply device. The third method is to provide an opening (window or the like) above the watertight structure and a second watertight door at the opening to make it watertight immediately before the invasion of the tsunami, and shorten the complete watertight time zone. A combination of methods is possible.

(Problem 2)
Evacuees usually want to evacuate early and avoid the tsunami before the tsunami strikes. Therefore, if you know the tsunami information, I would like to prepare for evacuation as soon as possible, escape into the evacuation tower and close the watertight door as soon as possible. However, some evacuees are late in preparation for evacuation and rush to the tsunami immediately before the attack. In this case, if the time to close the watertight door is delayed, the evacuees evacuating to the tsunami evacuation tower will be inconvenienced, and if the closing time is made earlier, the evacuees who rushed in later will be killed. The timing of closing is a problem.

The invention of the present application provides a tsunami evacuation tower that solves the problems of the prior art described above and solves the problems (problems 1 and 2) when using the watertight space as a tsunami evacuation tower at the same time. It is an issue.

The first invention is a tsunami evacuation tower,
A structure having a water-tight evacuation space that accommodates evacuees evacuating from the tsunami is provided on the ground, and an doorway for entering and exiting the evacuation space is provided at a position close to the ground, and an opening / closing door that can close the door in a watertight manner is provided. The ratio of oxygen in the air in the evacuation space does not become lower than a predetermined oxygen lower limit due to the breathing of the tsunami evacuees accommodated in the evacuation space during the watertight time, and the ratio of carbon dioxide It is characterized by preventing air contamination so as not to become larger than a predetermined upper limit value of carbon dioxide.

According to a second invention, in the first invention,
Provide a door opening in a part of the side wall close to the ground of the structure, provide a small chamber communicating with the door opening inside the structure, and provide the doorway on the back side wall of the chamber,
A door for opening and closing the entrance is provided in the entrance opening.

According to a third invention, in the first or second invention,
The predetermined oxygen lower limit is between 12% and 14% of the oxygen in the air, and the predetermined carbon dioxide upper limit is 2.5% to 4% of the carbon dioxide in the air. It is characterized by a value between.

A fourth invention is any one of the first to third inventions,
The pollution prevention is achieved by increasing the space volume of the evacuation space so that the oxygen concentration in the air in the evacuation space does not exceed the lower limit value and the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds the upper limit value in a watertight state. A stirrer that circulates the air in the evacuation space is provided above the space so that there is no air.

In a fifth invention, in any one of the first to fourth inventions,
The pollution preventing means includes means for supplying oxygen to the air in the evacuation space and means for removing carbon dioxide from the air in the space.

According to a sixth invention, in the fifth invention,
The carbon dioxide removing means introduces air containing a large amount of carbon dioxide in the evacuation space into the purified water tank of the carbon dioxide removing device, passes the gas through a circulating water stream, removes carbon dioxide, and contains the carbon dioxide. Is reduced to (0.5 to 1.0)% or less.

In a seventh invention according to any one of the first to sixth inventions,
The structure is a structure made of reinforced concrete having a cylindrical side wall, and is configured such that water leakage and destruction do not occur due to the water pressure of the tsunami that has been pushed in, and further collapse does not occur due to the tsunami pushing or pulling waves, And it is constructed in a location where liquefaction is not performed or where liquefaction measures are taken.

According to an eighth invention, in any one of the first to seventh inventions,
The structure includes emergency evacuation means such as drinking water, food, toilets, and external communication means for maintaining the lives of the refugees in the evacuation space.

According to a ninth invention, in any one of the first to eighth inventions,
The structure is provided with a cylindrical side wall, a ceiling wall and a floor wall at the upper and lower ends of the side wall, the entrance is provided at an appropriate position of the side wall, and the upper side of the ceiling wall of the watertight structure A dome-shaped roof is provided to form an attic space, and a part of the emergency evacuation means can be arranged in the attic space.

A tenth invention is the ninth invention,
A basement is provided below the floor wall of the structure, an entrance to the basement is provided in the floor wall, and lifting means is provided in the basement.

In an eleventh aspect based on any one of the first to tenth aspects,
The structure is characterized in that a pipe-shaped reinforcing member is provided in the central vertical direction so that it can withstand a water pressure of at least 5 atmospheres and can withstand a water flow of 10 to 20 meters / second.

In a twelfth aspect of the present invention based on any one of the first to eleventh aspects,
The outside of the side wall of the structure is provided with an entrance room that protects the watertight door and at the same time facilitates opening and closing the watertight door.

According to a thirteenth aspect of the present invention, in a structure provided with a watertight evacuation space for accommodating evacuees evacuating from a tsunami, a plurality of independent evacuation spaces are provided in the vertical direction in the structure, and each evacuation space is independent of each other. An entrance / exit and a watertight door are provided, and the entrance / exit is provided with elevating means accessible from the outside.

In a fourteenth aspect based on the thirteenth aspect, each evacuation space has a cylindrical side wall, the upper evacuation space has a smaller floor area than the lower evacuation space, and the floor of the lower evacuation space And a means for raising and lowering the upper evacuation space is a staircase provided in contact with a side wall of the lower evacuation space.

A fifteenth invention is characterized in that, in the invention according to any one of the thirteenth and fourteenth inventions, the height of each evacuation space is 3 to 5 meters.

The effects of the present invention are summarized in FIG. Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
According to the first to sixth inventions, since the evacuation space is a watertight space, there is an effect that the refugee is safe even if the evacuation tower is submerged.
Moreover, since the entrance / exit of the evacuation space is provided at a position close to the ground, it is not necessary to climb to a high place, and an effect can be obtained that even an elderly person, a child, or a sick person can evacuate easily and quickly. Furthermore, it is possible to make the evacuation space a large-scale structure, and it is possible to evacuate a large number of evacuees to the same evacuation site for a long time by providing means for preventing air pollution inside the evacuation space. An effect is also obtained.

According to a seventh invention, the structure is a structure made of reinforced concrete, the shape of the side wall of the structure is cylindrical, a vertical reinforcing member is provided at the center of the structure, and the structure Since it was constructed in a location where the body is not liquefied or a location where liquefaction measures have been taken, it is possible to prevent the evacuation tower from collapsing or tilting due to the force of the tsunami.

According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, drinking water, food, toilets, and communication means with the outside are always provided as emergency means, so that the effect of preventing confusion during or immediately after evacuation can be obtained.

According to 9th invention, the effect that the drinking water at the time of emergency evacuation, a power supply, etc. can be ensured in an attic space is also acquired.

According to the eleventh invention, the structure can withstand a water pressure of at least 5 atm.
Since it is configured to withstand a water flow of 20 meters / second, it is possible to prevent water leakage and destruction by the water pressure of the tsunami.

According to the thirteenth invention, a plurality of watertight evacuation spaces are provided, and lift means capable of accessing each evacuation space are provided separately, so that an evacuee who evacuates earlier can evacuate more safely and The effect is that the evacuees who rushed in just before the attack can also evacuate.

The ground part of the front view of the evacuation tower is shown. The ground part of the rear view of the evacuation tower is shown. Shows a vertical section of the evacuation tower The horizontal sectional view of the 1st floor part is shown. A horizontal section of the basement is shown. The structural example of a watertight door is shown. An explanatory view of a prevention cover is shown. The structural example of a purification apparatus is shown. (A) shows a system diagram of exhalation. (B) shows a component table of exhaled breath. The watertight structure which solved the problem 2 is shown. The features and effects of the present invention will be described.

Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.
The first feature of this embodiment is that the evacuation site is an internal space of the watertight structure.
That is, the advantages of using the watertight structure as a tsunami evacuation site are as follows.
1) There is no restriction on the installation location, and it can be constructed in a place close to the house or work place, or in a place where evacuees can easily evacuate.
2) Since the entrance of the watertight structure can be provided at a position close to the ground, elderly people and sick people can easily evacuate.
3) There is no limit to the number of people that can be accommodated, and many evacuees can evacuate.
4) It is a low-rise building, is strong against earthquakes, and can be constructed in places where liquefaction is likely to occur. In addition, it has never passed to construct on the good ground.

On the other hand, a disadvantage of using a watertight structure as a tsunami evacuation site is that, since the evacuation site is a sealed space, if a large number of people evacuate, the internal air is contaminated by human respiration. That is, oxygen in the air in the sealed space decreases, carbon dioxide increases, and symptoms such as headache, nausea, and mental instability may occur.

The second feature of the present embodiment is that the evacuation site is a cylindrical body having a circular cross section.
That is, by making the cross section of the cylindrical body circular, the strength is increased with respect to a roll earthquake and it is difficult to break. In addition, even when the tsunami current hits the tubular body, the cross section is circular, so the resistance to ocean current is small and it is difficult to roll over.

<Example 1>
Hereinafter, Example 1 of the present invention will be described in detail. First, when selecting a construction site, a site suitable for evacuation of evacuees must be selected. For example,
There are various selection criteria, such as a place 100 meters away from the coast is good for evacuating time for refugees on the coast, and a place where cars can be used to evacuate sick people and the elderly.
Furthermore, it must be examined whether or not it is a place where liquefaction easily occurs. However, huge tsunamis are caused by huge earthquakes, and liquefaction is often caused by huge earthquakes. Liquefaction occurred frequently even after the Great East Japan Earthquake, and the accidents are expanding. When the liquefaction phenomenon occurs, even buildings made of reinforced concrete have fallen or collapsed, causing a major accident.

Therefore, considering the convenience of evacuees, select multiple candidate sites,
It is appropriate to consider liquefaction. Many methods have already been known for liquefaction generation mechanisms, liquefaction generation conditions, and liquefaction countermeasures (Non-Patent Document 3).
To non-patent document 5). Therefore, when it is determined that liquefaction will occur, it is sufficient to examine and decide which countermeasure is to be used. In the following description, it is assumed that liquefaction measures have already been taken.

FIG. 1 is a front view of the tsunami evacuation tower 11 as seen from the land side showing the ground portion. The front faces in the opposite direction of the sea side to prevent the tsunami from hitting directly. In front of the evacuation tower 11, an entrance (entrance) of a small chamber (hereinafter referred to as an entrance room) 109 is provided. A watertight door 13 is provided on the back wall of the entrance room 109, and the four walls around the entrance room 109 are configured to be watertight. An entrance door 110 is attached in front of the entrance room 109. An illumination lamp 14 is installed above the entrance room 109 to illuminate the entrance.
A reception antenna 15 for a mobile phone is attached to both sides. A monitoring window 16 is provided at the center of the dome-shaped roof 12, and a monitoring camera 17 is attached to the lower side thereof. As will be described later, the watertight door 13 includes a frame body 61 and a door body 62, and elastic members 61a and 62a are bonded to the contact surfaces of both. The door body 62 is provided with a handle 13a for opening and closing the door 13 and a small window 13b.
FIG. 2 shows a rear view seen from the sea side. In FIG. 2, the illuminating lamp 18 is for reporting the location of the evacuation tower 11 to the refugee. The monitoring window 19 is for monitoring the situation on the beach, the situation of evacuees evacuating from the beach, and the like. Furthermore, the surveillance camera 20 is a telescope camera, in order to inform the refugees of the situation on the beach and the situation of the tsunami in the bay. Instead, it is more desirable to build a steel tower on the beach and install a telephoto camera on the steel tower to report tsunami and beach conditions.

FIG. 3 shows a vertical sectional view of the evacuation tower 11. The wall 21 of the cylindrical part of the evacuation tower 11, the wall of the entrance room 109, and the wall 12 of the dome part are made of reinforced concrete and are designed so as not to be destroyed by water pressure of 5 to 10 atmospheres. Moreover, the heat insulating material 21a is affixed inside the inner wall, upper part, and bottom part of the cylindrical part 21, and it is devised so that dew etc. may not arise in an inner wall, maintaining internal temperature. Further, the pipe is reinforced with a reinforcing pipe member 24 from the bottom to the ceiling wall of the dome 12. Note that a booster 15 a connected to the receiving antenna 15 and a cable is installed at an appropriate position inside the wall of the cylindrical portion 21, so that the mobile phone can be easily used inside the evacuation tower 11. Therefore, it is possible to know not only a confirmation phone call with an acquaintance or the like but also a tsunami situation with a mobile phone.
A water storage tank 25 and a large storage battery 26 are arranged in the attic space 12 a of the dome 12.
By providing the water storage tank 25 in the attic space 12a, drinking water and washing water can be secured even when electricity cannot be used. The large battery 26 always charges electricity from the outside by wiring, and when a tsunami strikes, the room light and illumination lamp in the evacuation tower, the monitor installed in the room, etc. can be used even if the wiring is cut off. Further, the large battery 26 is connected to the attic space 12a.
It becomes easy to manage by arranging it. An inspection opening 28 is provided on the floor of the attic space 12a. The opening 28 is provided with a lid 28a and a ladder 28b that can be freely opened and closed.

If the construction site of the evacuation tower is likely to be liquefied due to an earthquake, it is necessary to take measures against liquefaction. FIG. 3 shows an example of countermeasures against liquefaction. There are two ways to combat liquefaction: improving the ground and strengthening the foundation structure. In this embodiment, measures are taken when the liquefied area is wide and relatively shallow. A hatched portion 29 indicates the ground, a region 35 indicated by a large number of points is a liquefied layer, and a crossed hatched portion 33 on the lower side is an impermeable layer. In order to make the basement 30, it is necessary to excavate a sand layer deeper than the groundwater level 31. For this purpose, a mountain retaining wall 32 is provided, and a drainage operation of a portion 35 surrounded by the mountain retaining wall 32 and the impermeable layer 33 is performed. Measures for liquefaction are being taken.

FIG. 4 shows an example of a plan view seen from the top of the first floor portion. In FIG. 4, an entrance door 110 is provided in front of the cylindrical partial wall 21, and a small chamber 109 is provided inside thereof. Komuro 10
9 is provided with an entrance 40 to the evacuation space 41. A watertight door 13 including a watertight door body 62 and a fixing frame 61 is provided at the entrance 40. Accordingly, the outer portion of the small chamber 109 (the central portion of the structure 11) serves as an evacuation space.
An opening 42 is provided in the vicinity of the entrance 40 of the floor 41 on the first floor, a slope 42a that leads to the basement through the opening 42 is provided, and a stairway 43 that leads from the basement to the first floor is provided on the opposite side position. In the center, four sets of tables and chairs 45 are arranged.
Further, a toilet set 46 is disposed at both ends. In addition, a chaise lounge 47 in which a large number of people sit at the same time is arranged in an appropriate empty space. Further, the storage rack 48 is also disposed in an empty space, and a monitor 48 a that reflects the state of the coast and the like is disposed on the shelf 48.

FIG. 5 is an example of a plan view of the basement viewed from above. A cooking room 51 is provided in the basement,
Boiling hot water and simple cooking are possible. All heat sources are electricity and no gas is used. In addition, a large number of beds 52 are prepared for tired persons and sick people.
Toilets 54 and 55 are provided near the slope 42 a and the stairs 43. A mat is spread in the central space 56.

FIG. 6 shows a configuration example of a conventional watertight door 13 and will be briefly described. The watertight door 13 includes a frame body 61 and a door body 62, and the frame body 61 is fixed so that the watertight state of the opening 40 provided in the back wall of the entrance room 109 of the evacuation tower 11 is maintained. An elastic rubber member or the like is affixed to the watertight portion 61 a of the frame body 61, while a watertight member (elastic material such as a rubber material) is also attached to the watertight portion 62 a of the door body 62. The frame body 61 and the door body 62 are connected by a pair of hinges 63 and 63. Furthermore, the hinge 63 is a water pressure absorbing hinge, and not only can withstand a large water pressure, but also has a structure in which the door body 62 comes into close contact with the frame body 61 as the water pressure increases, and the water tightness is increased.
A handle 64 and a handle 65 for fixed pressure contact are provided inside the door body 62.
On the upper side, a monitoring window 66 fixed in a watertight manner is provided. On the other hand, an L-shaped fixing piece 67 is provided at the left end of the frame body 61. When closing the door 62 to make it watertight,
First, the handle 64 is held and rotated until the watertight part 62a contacts the watertight part 61a. next,
When the handle 65 is turned, a wedge-shaped claw 68 is formed from the right end by a link mechanism (not shown).
Pops out and engages with the fixed piece 67 to generate a strong contact pressure between the watertight portions 61a and 62a,
Watertight state is maintained.

FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a cover 70 for preventing the watertightness from being damaged by fouling the watertight portion 61a of the frame 61 or the like when the refugee or a wheelchair of the refugee enters the inside of the evacuation tower 11. It is. 7A is a plan view and FIG. 7B is a side view. The cover 70 is integrally formed by bending a cover part 71 passing above the watertight part 61a and support parts 72 and 73 inclined forward and backward. Shafts 74 a and 74 b are fixed to the inner end of the support portion 73, the shaft 74 a can be rotated in the front-rear direction (arrow A direction) while being fitted to a detachable bearing 75, and the shaft 74 b is a bearing 76.
Is supported by rotation. Further, the bearing 76 is rotatably supported by bearings 77 and 77. The bearings 75 and 77 are fixed to the first floor of the evacuation tower 11. Since it is comprised as mentioned above, when closing the watertight door body 13, it operates as follows. That is,
First, the cover 70 is first rotated in the direction of arrow A to stand the cover 70 in the vertical direction.
Next, it is rotated in the direction of arrow B and laid sideways and leans against the inner wall of the evacuation tower 11. Therefore, the cover 70 can be returned to the use state and used only when necessary.

In the following, the rate of change in the air pollution situation will be examined and the necessity of pollution countermeasures will be explained. As shown in FIG. 9B, the amount of oxygen (O2) component in fresh (intake) air is 21%, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 0.03%, and the amount of nitrogen (N2) is The components of the air to be discharged are 16% oxygen, 4% carbon dioxide, and 79% nitrogen.
Therefore, the amount of oxygen decreased by respiration is 5%, the amount of carbon dioxide increasing is 4%, and the amount of nitrogen is 0 (zero). The amount of air that one person inhales and exhales is 500 L (liter) per hour. That is, humans exhale 20L of carbon dioxide gas per hour,
Consumes 25 L of oxygen.
Accordingly, when one person breathes through one cubic meter of air, the components in the air one hour later have an oxygen concentration of 18.5% and a carbon dioxide gas concentration of 2%.
In general, if the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds 4 to 6%, it causes hypercapnia, causes abnormal sensations such as headache and dizziness, and if the oxygen concentration is 16.38% (oxygen concentration at an altitude difference of 2000 m) or less, acid I begin to feel missing. Therefore, in the above case, an abnormal sensation begins to occur. A case in which one person breathes 1 cubic meter of air for 1 hour may be considered as a reference indicating air pollution.

This paper describes the prevention of air pollution by expanding the evacuation space. Increasing the evacuation space slows the increase in the average concentration of carbon dioxide and slows down the average concentration of oxygen.
However, since carbon dioxide has a higher specific gravity than other components (oxygen and nitrogen), it tends to accumulate in the lower part. Therefore, if the mixture is circulated with stirring, the air contamination rate decreases, which helps to prevent air contamination. However, when the evacuation space is enlarged, it is difficult to sufficiently stir the internal air. Therefore, it is necessary to use it together with the operation of the contaminated air purification device.

FIG. 8 shows a polluted air purifier 80 in which carbon dioxide has increased and oxygen has decreased due to human breathing. Various methods are known for removing carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide).
Here, an apparatus for removing carbon dioxide by dissolving in water will be described. FIG. 8A shows an explanatory diagram of the device 80. Since carbon dioxide has a higher specific gravity than nitrogen and oxygen, the concentration in the vicinity of the lower floor becomes large. Accordingly, the contaminated air intake 81 is provided near the basement and the floors of the first floor, connected by the blower pipe, and connected to the suction port side of the blower C. The compressed contaminated air passes through the pipe 82 and rises while passing through the purified water tank 85. The purified water tank 85 is filled with a filler (not shown) that enhances gas-liquid contact. on the other hand,
The carbon dioxide gas in the purified water tank is compressed to a high pressure by the pressure valves 83 and 84 and the pump 88,
It flows into the water storage tank 87 while being dissolved in water. Since the inside of the water storage tank 87 is at a low pressure, the carbon dioxide gas that has flowed into the water storage tank 87 floats while being separated from the water, and is released into the atmosphere from the upper opening 89. Therefore, much carbon dioxide in the contaminated air is removed. However, since oxygen and nitrogen in polluted air are difficult to dissolve in water, it passes through the pressure valve 84 as it is, flows toward the mixer 86, and the oxygen amount lost by human breathing in the mixer 86. Is added. Note that oxygen is supplied after being depressurized by a pressure reducing valve from an oxygen cylinder or a cylinder containing nitrogen (both not shown). The oxygen-added air is returned as cleaned air from the basement of the evacuation tower 11 and the ceiling on the first floor to the inside.

Although the carbon dioxide gas is removed from the contaminated air by the above steps, it is difficult to find analytically the carbon dioxide gas concentration after the removal. For this reason, it is better to obtain it experimentally. If the carbon dioxide concentration can be removed to 1% (%) or less, the contaminated air purifying device 80 is an effective means, and the evacuable time of the evacuees is greatly extended.

The approximate relationship between the size of the tsunami evacuation tower and the number of people who can evacuate to the tsunami evacuation tower is described below. If the inner radius of the side wall of the tsunami evacuation tower is 10 (m), the inner floor area is approximately 314 (m2). When the effective magnification of the floor area is 0.8, the effective floor area is approximately 250 (m2). If the required floor area per evacuee is 2 (m2), this tsunami evacuation tower can evacuate approximately 125 evacuees. If the effective height of the ceiling of the evacuation tower is 5 (m), the volume per person is 10 (m3). Therefore, this tsunami evacuation tower is a time when 125 evacuees can evacuate for 10 hours by simple calculation. This is a numerical value when the air in the evacuation tower is completely agitated.
However, even if it is not possible to completely stir, if the contaminated air is purified by the purification device 80,
It seems that evacuation will be possible for a time close to this or longer.
If the inner radius is 15 (m), about 500 evacuees can evacuate.

<Example 2>
FIG. 10 shows an embodiment in which the above (Problem 2) is solved.
In FIG. 10, the watertight structure 100 includes a first floor portion 101 and a second floor portion 102.
The second floor portion 102 has a structure that is placed on the ceiling wall of the first floor portion 101. Both the first floor portion 101 and the second floor portion 102 are provided with watertight doors (not shown), and the entrance 101a as a space for protection.
102a is provided in a protruding shape. The first floor entrance 101b and the second floor entrance 102b are provided on the left side wall of the entrance 101a and the entrance 102a.
Accordingly, each watertight door (not shown) is provided at the boundary between the entrances 101 a and 102 a and the first floor portion 101 and the second floor portion 102. The stairs 104 are steps for accessing the entrance 102b of the second floor portion 102 from the ground, and the entrance 101b of the first floor portion is directly accessed from the ground.
Since Example 2 was configured as described above, evacuees who prepared for evacuation early in the event of a tsunami attacked evacuate early into the evacuation space on the first floor portion 101, and relieved by closing the watertight door early, Evacuate safely. In addition, the evacuees who are evacuated and are evacuated almost simultaneously with the tsunami attack can rush up the stairs 104 and evacuate to the evacuation space on the second floor portion 102.

11 Tsunami Evacuation Tower 12 Dome-shaped Roof 13 Watertight Doors 14 and 18 Illumination Lamp 15 Reception Antennas 16 and 19 Monitoring Window 17 and 20 Monitoring Camera 21 Outer Wall 21a at the Top of the Tube Heat Insulating Material 24 Reinforcement Member 25 Water Storage Tank 26 Large Storage Battery 28 Opening 28b Ladder 29 Ground 30 Basement 31 Groundwater level 32 Mountain wall 33 Impervious layer 35 Impermeable layer 35 Liquefaction layer 40 Entrance 41 First floor surface 42 Opening 42a Slope 43 Stair 45 Table set 46, 54, 55 Toilet 48 Shelf 48a Monitor 51 Kitchen 51 Bed 54,55 Toilet 61 Frame (watertight door)
62 Door (watertight door)
63 Hinge 64 Handle 65 Handle 66 Monitoring window 67 Fixed piece 68 Claw 70 Cover 80 Contaminated air purification device 81 Air intake port 82 Lines 83 and 84 Pressure valve 85 Purified water tank 86 Mixer 87 Water storage tank 88 Pump 89 Carbon dioxide release Exit 109 Small room (entrance room)
110 Entrance door

The first invention is a tsunami evacuation tower,
A structure having a water-tight evacuation space that accommodates evacuees evacuating from the tsunami is provided on the ground, and an doorway for entering and exiting the evacuation space is provided at a position close to the ground, and an opening / closing door that can close the door in a watertight manner is provided. The ratio of oxygen in the air in the evacuation space does not become lower than a predetermined oxygen lower limit due to the breathing of the tsunami evacuees accommodated in the evacuation space during the watertight time, and the ratio of carbon dioxide It is characterized by preventing air contamination so as not to exceed a predetermined upper limit value of carbon dioxide.

According to a second invention, in the first invention,
Entrance to the evacuation space the entrance opening provided in a position close to the ground of the side wall of the structure, a chamber communicating with the entrance opening to the interior of said structure is provided, the entrance opening is provided in the back sidewall of the chamber The door opening is provided with an openable / closable door.

In a seventh invention according to any one of the first to sixth inventions,
The structure is a structure made of reinforced concrete, the shape of the side wall of the structure is a circular cylindrical body or a polygonal cylindrical body, and a vertical reinforcing member is provided at the inner center of the structure and the structure It is constructed in a location where the body is not liquefied or where liquefaction measures are taken.

A ninth invention is the seventh or eighth invention, wherein
The structure includes a side wall of the cylindrical body , a ceiling wall and a floor wall at upper and lower ends of the side wall, a dome-shaped roof is provided above the ceiling wall to form an attic space, and the attic A part of the emergency evacuation means can be arranged in a space.

A twelfth aspect of the present invention is a structure provided with a watertight evacuation space for accommodating evacuees evacuating from a tsunami.
The structure has a structure having a plurality of independent evacuation spaces in the vertical direction, each evacuation space has an independent doorway and a watertight door, is provided with air pollution prevention means, and has an upper floor doorway. Is provided with lifting means accessible from the ground .

In a thirteenth aspect based on the twelfth aspect,
Each evacuation space has a cylindrical side wall, the upper evacuation space has a smaller floor area than the lower evacuation space, and the floor of the upper evacuation space is provided on the roof of the lower evacuation space The raising / lowering means to the upper evacuation space is a staircase provided in contact with the side wall of the lower evacuation space.

In a fourteenth aspect based on the twelfth or thirteenth aspect,
The overall height of each evacuation space is 3 to 5 meters.

The effects of the present invention are summarized in FIG. Hereinafter, the effects of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.
According to the first to sixth inventions, since the evacuation space is a watertight space, there is an effect that the refugee is safe even if the evacuation tower is submerged.
Moreover, since the entrance / exit of the evacuation space is provided at a position close to the ground, it is not necessary to climb to a high place, and an effect can be obtained that even an elderly person, a child, or a sick person can evacuate easily and quickly. Furthermore, it is possible to make the evacuation space a large-scale structure, and it is possible to evacuate a large number of evacuees to the same evacuation site for a long time by providing means for preventing air pollution inside the evacuation space. An effect is also obtained.
These inventions are not only for disasters caused by large tsunamis, but also for disasters such as typhoons, storm surges, and storms.
It can also be used as an evacuation site.
Furthermore, according to the inventions of claims 4 to 6, fresh air in the atmosphere is taken inside the evacuation space.
Because it is not included, due to the radioactive contamination of the atmosphere due to the explosion of the reactor, the explosion accident of the chemical factory
For disasters such as air pollution caused by poisonous gases and odorous gases, and volcanic ash precipitation caused by volcanic eruptions
It can also be used as an evacuation site.

As explained above, conventional evacuation sites and evacuation facilities (hereinafter referred to as “evacuation sites etc.”)
Say. ) Had problems when old people and sick people evacuated, and it was difficult for many evacuees to evacuate to the same evacuation site in a short time.
Furthermore, conventional evacuation sites were able to cope with small-scale or medium-scale tsunamis,
A massive tsunami that hit the Tohoku region on March 11, 2013
It is called a tsunami. ) Cannot be dealt with.
The present invention is to solve the problems described above, the easy location elderly person or the like is evacuated to the interior
A submerged structure having a watertight space is constructed , and a tsunami evacuation tower using the watertight space as an evacuation site is proposed.
However, there are also problems when using watertight spaces. The problems and solutions are described below.

This paper describes the prevention of air pollution by expanding the evacuation space. Increasing the evacuation space slows the increase in the average concentration of carbon dioxide and slows down the average concentration of oxygen.
However, since carbon dioxide has a higher specific gravity than other components (oxygen and nitrogen), it tends to accumulate in the lower part. Therefore, if the mixture is circulated with stirring, the air contamination rate decreases, which helps to prevent air contamination. However, when the evacuation space is enlarged, it is difficult to sufficiently stir the internal air. In addition, evacuees can normalize the air in the evacuation space only by stirring the internal air.
It is impossible to maintain a state of breathing. Therefore, it is necessary to use it together with the operation of the contaminated air purification device.

If the agitation process and the air purification process described above are used in combination, the air in the evacuation space
It is possible to keep the evacuees within the normal breathing range. In the purification step, carbon dioxide is removed from the contaminated air, but it is difficult to analytically determine the concentration of carbon dioxide after the removal. For this reason, it is better to obtain it experimentally. what if,
If the carbon dioxide concentration can be removed to 1% (%) or less, the contaminated air purifier 80 is an effective means, and the evacuable time of the evacuees is greatly extended.

The ground part of the front view of the evacuation tower is shown. The ground part of the rear view of the evacuation tower is shown. Shows a vertical section of the evacuation tower The horizontal sectional view of the 1st floor part is shown. (A) shows the electrical system wiring diagram in an evacuation tower. (B) shows an example of a switchboard. The structural example of a watertight door is shown. An explanatory view of a prevention cover is shown. (A) shows a system diagram of exhalation. (B) shows a component table of exhaled breath. The structural example of a purification apparatus is shown. The structural example of an oxygen addition apparatus is shown. The features and effects of the present invention will be described. The watertight structure which solved the problem 2 is shown.

FIG. 3 shows a vertical sectional view of the evacuation tower 11. The wall 21 of the cylindrical part of the evacuation tower 11, the wall of the entrance room 109, and the wall 12 of the dome part are made of reinforced concrete and are designed so as not to be destroyed by water pressure of 5 to 10 atmospheres. Moreover, the heat insulating material 21a is affixed inside the inner wall, upper part, and bottom part of the cylindrical part 21, and it is devised so that dew etc. may not arise in an inner wall, maintaining internal temperature. Further, the pipe is reinforced with a reinforcing pipe member 24 from the bottom to the ceiling wall of the dome 12. Note that a booster 15 a connected to the receiving antenna 15 and a cable is installed at an appropriate position inside the wall of the cylindrical portion 21, so that the mobile phone can be easily used inside the evacuation tower 11. Therefore, it is possible to know not only a confirmation phone call with an acquaintance or the like but also a tsunami situation with a mobile phone.
In the attic space 12 a of the dome 12, a drinking water storage tank 25 and an oxygen addition device 27 are arranged. By providing the water storage tank 25 in the attic space 12a, drinking water and washing water can be secured even when electricity cannot be used. An inspection opening 28 is provided on the floor of the attic space 12a. The opening 28 is provided with a lid 28a and a ladder 28b that can be freely opened and closed.
Furthermore, a large storage battery 26, a sewage storage tank 71, and a leaked water storage tank 73 are arranged in the basement.
Has been. The storage battery 26 is always charged with electricity from the outside by electrical wiring, and when a tsunami strikes
In addition, when the power line breaks down and the external power supply is cut off,
In addition to the monitor installed in the vehicle, the contaminated air purification device 80 described later can be operated.
Used for. The storage battery 26 is capable of continuously operating the purification device 80 for about 30 to 60 hours.
The amount is desirable. If 30 to 60 hours have passed, the tsunami will pull it to another evacuation site
It is because it can move.

If the construction site of the evacuation tower is likely to be liquefied due to an earthquake, it is necessary to take measures against liquefaction. The liquefaction countermeasures are described in detail in Non-Patent Documents 3 to 5.
Even if it is not liquefied, the basement is firmly secured by the pile 32 as shown in FIG.
It is desirable to fix it to the ground 33. Evacuation tower construction site is a safe place, flat
A place where evacuees can easily evacuate on the land should be selected. When the tsunami finishes
A slightly convex place where no tsunami water remains is preferable.

FIG. 5A shows a wiring diagram of the electrical system in the tsunami evacuation tower, and FIG. 5B shows the switchboard 55.
As shown in FIG. 5 (A), the transmission line is a connection provided at the entrance of the evacuation tower by a lead-in line.
The connection terminal 51 is connected to one side 52 a of the changeover switch 52 and the storage battery 53.
The other side 52b of the changeover switch 52 is an output terminal of the storage battery 53.
53b. The common end 52c of the changeover switch 52 is connected to the contaminated air purifier 80.
It is connected to each device (C, P, O, cooler) and indoor lighting. Output terminal of the storage battery 53
The child 53b is connected to the outdoor indicator lamps (14, 18). Therefore, the electric machine can be
In the case where power is being transmitted, if the changeover switch 52 is connected to one side 52a, the contaminated air purifier
80, electricity flows through the indoor lighting, allowing normal operation. The storage battery 53 is fully charged
In this state, when the changeover switch 52 is connected to the other side 52b, the contaminated air purifier is connected from the storage battery 53.
Electricity flows through the device 80 and the indoor lighting, and normal operation becomes possible. Also, change the selector switch 52 to
When the open side 52c is selected, electricity does not flow through either the contaminated air purifying device 80 or the indoor illumination lamp.
The outdoor indicator lamp is always lit.
Accordingly, when the evacuation tower is not used, the changeover switch 52 is set to the open side 52c and the evacuation is performed.
When using the tower and when power is being supplied from the transmission line, set the changeover switch 52 to one side.
52a. If the power line is cut due to an earthquake or the like and power is not supplied, set the switch 52 to
Electricity charged in the capacitor 53 is used on the other side 52b.
FIG. 5B shows a display surface of the switchboard 55. The switchboard 55 is placed on the back side of the side wall of the entrance room 109
Is done. On the surface of the switchboard 55, a power source changeover switch 52 is disposed.
The operating status of each device is displayed by turning on and off the indicator lamps, and indoor and outdoor indicator lights.
Is displayed, and the state of charge of the storage battery 53 is displayed as “%”. by this,
The operation status of indoor wiring can be grasped at a glance.

Hereinafter, the change rate of the pollution status of the air inside the evacuation tower 11 will be examined, and the necessity of countermeasures against pollution will be described.
Fig. 8 (A) shows the human intake / exhaust system diagram, and Fig. 8 (B) shows the oxygen and dioxide in the intake / exhaust.
The volume ratio of carbon and nitrogen is indicated by “%”.
As shown in FIG. 8B, the amount of oxygen (O2) component in fresh (intake) air is 21%, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 0.03%, and the amount of nitrogen (N2) is 79%,
The components of the discharged air are 16% oxygen, 4% carbon dioxide, and 79% nitrogen.
Therefore, the amount of oxygen decreased by respiration is 5%, the amount of carbon dioxide increasing is 4%, and the amount of nitrogen is 0 (zero). The amount of air that one person inhales and exhales is 500 L (liter) per hour. That is, a person exhales 20 L of carbon dioxide gas per hour and consumes 25 L of oxygen per person.
Accordingly, when one person breathes through one cubic meter of air, the components in the air one hour later have an oxygen concentration of 18.5% and a carbon dioxide gas concentration of 2%.
In general, if the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds 4 to 6%, it causes hypercapnia, causes abnormal sensations such as headache and dizziness, and if the oxygen concentration is 16.38% (oxygen concentration at an altitude difference of 2000 m) or less, acid I begin to feel missing. Therefore, in the above case, an abnormal sensation begins to occur. A case in which one person breathes 1 cubic meter of air for 1 hour may be considered as a reference indicating air pollution.

FIG. 9 shows a polluted air purifying apparatus 80 in which carbon dioxide is increased and oxygen is decreased by human breathing. Various methods are known for removing carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide).
Here, an apparatus for removing carbon dioxide by dissolving in water will be described. FIG. 9A is an explanatory diagram of the device 80. Since carbon dioxide has a higher specific gravity than nitrogen and oxygen, the concentration in the vicinity of the lower floor becomes large. Accordingly, the contaminated air intake 81 is provided near the basement and the floors of the first floor, connected by the blower pipe, and connected to the suction port side of the blower C. The compressed contaminated air passes through the pipe 82 and rises while passing through the purified water tank 85. The purified water tank 85 is filled with a filler (not shown) that enhances gas-liquid contact. on the other hand,
The carbon dioxide gas in the purified water tank is compressed to a high pressure by the pressure valves 83 and 84 and the pump 88,
It flows into the water storage tank 87 while being dissolved in water. Since the inside of the water storage tank 87 is at a low pressure, the carbon dioxide gas that has flowed into the water storage tank 87 floats while being separated from the water, and is released into the atmosphere from the upper opening 89. Therefore, much carbon dioxide in the contaminated air is removed. However, since oxygen and nitrogen in polluted air are difficult to dissolve in water, it passes through the pressure valve 84 as it is, flows toward the mixer 86, and the oxygen amount lost by human breathing in the mixer 86. Is added. Note that oxygen is supplied after being depressurized by a pressure reducing valve from an oxygen cylinder or a cylinder containing nitrogen (both not shown). The oxygen-added air is returned as cleaned air from the basement of the evacuation tower 11 and the ceiling on the first floor to the inside.
The carbon dioxide gas is removed from the contaminated air by the above process.
Analyzing the gas concentration analytically is difficult. For this reason, the experimental requirement is
Good. If the carbon dioxide concentration could be removed below 1 percent (%),
The contaminated air purification device 80 is an effective means, and the evacuation time of evacuees is greatly extended.
Is done.

FIG. 10 shows an example of an oxygen adding apparatus for adding oxygen using an oxygen cylinder.
In FIG. 10, the air from which the carbon dioxide gas has been removed from the pressure valve 84 is removed by a pipe 91.
On the other hand, the oxygen gas decompressed by the pipe 92 flows into the mixer 86.
The purified air mixed by the mixer 86 passes through the pipe 93 and enters the evacuation tower 11.
Refluxed. In general, oxygen gas is compressed to a high pressure (about 120 atmospheres) to generate an oxygen cylinder.
It is put in. In order to mix and add this oxygen, the pressure is reduced to about several atmospheres.
It is necessary to let In the figure, oxygen cylinders 130 and 131 are cut with a high-pressure oxygen cylinder.
A pipe is connected to the replacement valve 129. Reference numeral 130 denotes a spare oxygen cylinder. Switching
On the downstream side of the valve 129, a medium pressure oxygen cylinder 132 (not shown) is connected via a pressure reducing valve 131b.
And a low-pressure oxygen cylinder 133 is connected via a pressure reducing valve 132b.
It is connected. An oxygen gas having a pressure suitable for use is supplied from the pressure reducing valve 133b to the pipe 92.
To the mixer 86. 130a, 131a, 132a, 133
a is an on-off valve, and 131c, 132c, and 133c are pressure gauges. Controller 12
0 detects the pressure of oxygen gas in the pipe 92 and the concentration and flow rate of oxygen gas in the pipe 91
Oxygen gas concentration of the air flowing out of the pipe 93 measured by the vessels 121, 122, 123
Is controlling.

11 Tsunami Evacuation Tower 12 Dome-shaped Roof 13 Watertight Doors 14 and 18 Lighting Lamp 15 Reception Antennas 16 and 19 Monitoring Window 17 and 20 Monitoring Camera 21 Tubular Part Outer Wall 21a Heat Insulating Material 24 Reinforcement Member 25 Water Storage Tank 26 Large Storage Battery 27 Oxygenator 28 opening 28b ladder 29 ground 30 basement 32 pile 40 doorway 41 the first floor of the floor 42 shelf 43 stairs 45 table set 46,54,55 toilet 48 shelf 48a monitor 51 connecting terminal 52 change-over switch 55 switchboard 61 frame (watertight doors)
62 Door (watertight door)
63 Hinge 64 Handle 65 Handle 66 Monitoring window 67 Fixed piece 68 Claw 70 Cover 80 Contaminated air purification device 81 Air intake port 82 Lines 83 and 84 Pressure valve 85 Purified water tank 86 Mixer 87 Water storage tank 88 Pump 89 Carbon dioxide release Exit 109 Small room (entrance room)
110 Entrance door
120 controller
129 selector valve
130, 131, 132, 133 oxygen cylinder

The ground part of the front view of the evacuation tower is shown. The ground part of the rear view of the evacuation tower is shown. Shows a vertical section of the evacuation tower The horizontal sectional view of the 1st floor part is shown. (A) shows the electrical system wiring diagram in an evacuation tower. (B) shows an example of a switchboard. The structural example of a watertight door is shown. An explanatory view of a prevention cover is shown. (A) shows a system diagram of exhalation. (B) shows a component table of exhaled breath. The structural example of a purification apparatus is shown. The structural example of an oxygen addition apparatus is shown. The features and effects of the present invention will be described. The watertight structure which solved the problem 2 is shown.

FIG. 3 shows a vertical sectional view of the evacuation tower 11. The wall 21 of the cylindrical part of the evacuation tower 11, the wall of the entrance room 109, and the wall 12 of the dome part are made of reinforced concrete and are designed so as not to be destroyed by water pressure of 5 to 10 atmospheres. Moreover, the heat insulating material 21a is affixed inside the inner wall, upper part, and bottom part of the cylindrical part 21, and it is devised so that dew etc. may not arise in an inner wall, maintaining internal temperature. Further, the pipe is reinforced with a reinforcing pipe member 24 from the bottom to the ceiling wall of the dome 12. Note that a booster 15 a connected to the receiving antenna 15 and a cable is installed at an appropriate position inside the wall of the cylindrical portion 21, so that the mobile phone can be easily used inside the evacuation tower 11. Therefore, it is possible to know not only a confirmation phone call with an acquaintance or the like but also a tsunami situation with a mobile phone.
In the attic space 12 a of the dome 12, a drinking water storage tank 25 and an oxygen addition device 27 are arranged. By providing the water storage tank 25 in the attic space 12a, drinking water and washing water can be secured even when electricity cannot be used. An inspection opening 28 is provided on the floor of the attic space 12a. The opening 28 is provided with a lid 28a and a ladder 28b that can be freely opened and closed.
Furthermore, a large storage battery 26, a sewage storage tank 71, and a leaked water storage tank 73 are arranged in the basement.
Has been. The storage battery 26 is always charged with electricity from the outside by electrical wiring, and when a tsunami strikes
In addition, when the power line breaks down and the external power supply is cut off,
In addition to the monitor installed in the vehicle, the contaminated air purification device 80 described later can be operated.
Used for. The storage battery 26 is capable of continuously operating the purification device 80 for about 30 to 60 hours.
The amount is desirable. If 30 to 60 hours have passed, the tsunami will pull it to another evacuation site
It is because it can move.

If the construction site of the evacuation tower is likely to be liquefied due to an earthquake, it is necessary to take measures against liquefaction. The liquefaction countermeasures are described in detail in Non-Patent Documents 3 to 5.
Even if it is not liquefied, the basement is firmly secured by the pile 32 as shown in FIG.
It is desirable to fix it to the ground 33. Evacuation tower construction site is a safe place, flat
A place where evacuees can easily evacuate on the land should be selected. When the tsunami finishes
A slightly convex place where no tsunami water remains is preferable.

FIG. 5A shows a wiring diagram of the electrical system in the tsunami evacuation tower, and FIG. 5B shows the switchboard 55.
As shown in FIG. 5 (A), the transmission line is a connection provided at the entrance of the evacuation tower by a lead-in line.
The connection terminal 51 is connected to one side 52 a of the changeover switch 52 and the storage battery 53.
The other side 52b of the changeover switch 52 is an output terminal of the storage battery 53.
53b. The common end 52c of the changeover switch 52 is connected to the contaminated air purifier 80.
It is connected to each device (C, P, O, cooler) and indoor lighting. Output terminal of the storage battery 53
The child 53b is connected to the outdoor indicator lamps (14, 18). Therefore, the electric machine can be
In the case where power is being transmitted, if the changeover switch 52 is connected to one side 52a, the contaminated air purifier
80, electricity flows through the indoor lighting, allowing normal operation. The storage battery 53 is fully charged
In this state, when the changeover switch 52 is connected to the other side 52b, the contaminated air purifier is connected from the storage battery 53.
Electricity flows through the device 80 and the indoor lighting, and normal operation becomes possible. Also, change the selector switch 52 to
When the open side 52c is selected, electricity does not flow through either the contaminated air purifying device 80 or the indoor illumination lamp.
The outdoor indicator lamp is always lit.
Accordingly, when the evacuation tower is not used, the changeover switch 52 is set to the open side 52c and the evacuation is performed.
When using the tower and when power is being supplied from the transmission line, set the changeover switch 52 to one side.
52a. If the power line is cut due to an earthquake or the like and power is not supplied, set the switch 52 to
Electricity charged in the capacitor 53 is used on the other side 52b.
FIG. 5B shows a display surface of the switchboard 55. The switchboard 55 is placed on the back side of the side wall of the entrance room 109
Is done. On the surface of the switchboard 55, a power source changeover switch 52 is disposed.
The operating status of each device is displayed by turning on and off the indicator lamps, and indoor and outdoor indicator lights.
Is displayed, and the state of charge of the storage battery 53 is displayed as “%”. by this,
The operation status of indoor wiring can be grasped at a glance.

Hereinafter, the change rate of the pollution status of the air inside the evacuation tower 11 will be examined, and the necessity of countermeasures against pollution will be described.
Fig. 8 (A) shows the human intake / exhaust system diagram, and Fig. 8 (B) shows the oxygen and dioxide in the intake / exhaust.
The volume ratio of carbon and nitrogen is indicated by “%”.
As shown in FIG. 8B, the amount of oxygen (O2) component in fresh (intake) air is 21%, the amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) is 0.03%, and the amount of nitrogen (N2) is 79%,
The components of the discharged air are 16% oxygen, 4% carbon dioxide, and 79% nitrogen.
Therefore, the amount of oxygen decreased by respiration is 5%, the amount of carbon dioxide increasing is 4%, and the amount of nitrogen is 0 (zero). The amount of air that one person inhales and exhales is 500 L (liter) per hour. That is, a person exhales 20 L of carbon dioxide gas per hour and consumes 25 L of oxygen per person.
Accordingly, when one person breathes through one cubic meter of air, the components in the air one hour later have an oxygen concentration of 18.5% and a carbon dioxide gas concentration of 2%.
In general, if the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds 4 to 6%, it causes hypercapnia, causes abnormal sensations such as headache and dizziness, and if the oxygen concentration is 16.38% (oxygen concentration at an altitude difference of 2000 m) or less, acid I begin to feel missing. Therefore, in the above case, an abnormal sensation begins to occur. A case in which one person breathes 1 cubic meter of air for 1 hour may be considered as a reference indicating air pollution.

FIG. 9 shows a polluted air purifying apparatus 80 in which carbon dioxide is increased and oxygen is decreased by human breathing. Various methods are known for removing carbon dioxide (carbon dioxide).
Here, an apparatus for removing carbon dioxide by dissolving in water will be described. FIG. 9A is an explanatory diagram of the device 80. Since carbon dioxide has a higher specific gravity than nitrogen and oxygen, the concentration in the vicinity of the lower floor becomes large. Accordingly, the contaminated air intake 81 is provided near the basement and the floors of the first floor, connected by the blower pipe, and connected to the suction port side of the blower C. The compressed contaminated air passes through the pipe 82 and rises while passing through the purified water tank 85. The purified water tank 85 is filled with a filler (not shown) that enhances gas-liquid contact. on the other hand,
The carbon dioxide gas in the purified water tank is compressed to a high pressure by the pressure valves 83 and 84 and the pump 88,
It flows into the water storage tank 87 while being dissolved in water. Since the inside of the water storage tank 87 is at a low pressure, the carbon dioxide gas that has flowed into the water storage tank 87 floats while being separated from the water, and is released into the atmosphere from the upper opening 89. Therefore, much carbon dioxide in the contaminated air is removed. However, since oxygen and nitrogen in polluted air are difficult to dissolve in water, it passes through the pressure valve 84 as it is, flows toward the mixer 86, and the oxygen amount lost by human breathing in the mixer 86. Is added. Note that oxygen is supplied after being depressurized by a pressure reducing valve from an oxygen cylinder or a cylinder containing nitrogen (both not shown). The oxygen-added air is returned as cleaned air from the basement of the evacuation tower 11 and the ceiling on the first floor to the inside.
The carbon dioxide gas is removed from the contaminated air by the above process.
Analyzing the gas concentration analytically is difficult. For this reason, the experimental requirement is
Good. If the carbon dioxide concentration could be removed below 1 percent (%),
The contaminated air purification device 80 is an effective means, and the evacuation time of evacuees is greatly extended.
Is done.

FIG. 10 shows an example of an oxygen adding apparatus for adding oxygen using an oxygen cylinder.
In FIG. 10, the air from which the carbon dioxide gas has been removed from the pressure valve 84 is removed by a pipe 91.
On the other hand, the oxygen gas decompressed by the pipe 92 flows into the mixer 86.
The purified air mixed by the mixer 86 passes through the pipe 93 and enters the evacuation tower 11.
Refluxed. In general, oxygen gas is compressed to a high pressure (about 120 atmospheres) to generate an oxygen cylinder.
It is put in. In order to mix and add this oxygen, the pressure is reduced to about several atmospheres.
It is necessary to let In the figure, oxygen cylinders 130 and 131 are cut with a high-pressure oxygen cylinder.
A pipe is connected to the replacement valve 129. Reference numeral 130 denotes a spare oxygen cylinder. Switching
On the downstream side of the valve 129, a medium pressure oxygen cylinder 132 (not shown) is connected via a pressure reducing valve 131b.
And a low-pressure oxygen cylinder 133 is connected via a pressure reducing valve 132b.
It is connected. An oxygen gas having a pressure suitable for use is supplied from the pressure reducing valve 133b to the pipe 92.
To the mixer 86. 130a, 131a, 132a, 133
a is an on-off valve, and 131c, 132c, and 133c are pressure gauges. Controller 12
0 detects the pressure of oxygen gas in the pipe 92 and the concentration and flow rate of oxygen gas in the pipe 91
Oxygen gas concentration of the air flowing out of the pipe 93 measured by the vessels 121, 122, 123
Is controlling.

11 Tsunami Evacuation Tower 12 Dome-shaped Roof 13 Watertight Doors 14 and 18 Lighting Lamp 15 Reception Antennas 16 and 19 Monitoring Window 17 and 20 Monitoring Camera 21 Tubular Part Outer Wall 21a Heat Insulating Material 24 Reinforcement Member 25 Water Storage Tank 26 Large Storage Battery 27 Oxygenator 28 opening 28b ladder 29 ground 30 basement 32 pile 40 doorway 41 the first floor of the floor 42 shelf 43 stairs 45 table set 46,54,55 toilet 48 shelf 48a monitor 51 connecting terminal 52 change-over switch 55 switchboard 61 frame (watertight doors)
62 Door (watertight door)
63 Hinge 64 Handle 65 Handle 66 Monitoring window 67 Fixed piece 68 Claw 70 Cover 80 Contaminated air purification device 81 Air intake port 82 Lines 83 and 84 Pressure valve 85 Purified water tank 86 Mixer 87 Water storage tank 88 Pump 89 Carbon dioxide release Exit 109 Small room (entrance room)
110 Entrance door
120 controller
129 selector valve
130, 131, 132, 133 oxygen cylinder

Claims (14)

A structure having a watertight evacuation space for accommodating evacuees evacuating from the tsunami is provided on the ground, and an entrance to the evacuation space is provided on the side wall of the structure at a position close to the ground, and the entrance is closed in a watertight manner Providing possible watertight doors, and during the watertight time, the proportion of oxygen in the air in the evacuation space is not lower than the predetermined oxygen lower limit due to the breathing of the tsunami refugees accommodated in the evacuation space, and at the same time A tsunami evacuation tower characterized by preventing air pollution so that the ratio of carbon dioxide does not become larger than a predetermined upper limit of carbon dioxide. An opening for entrance is provided on the side wall of the structure close to the ground, a small chamber communicating with the opening for entrance is provided in the structure, the entrance is provided on the back side wall of the chamber, and the entrance is provided for the entrance opening. The tsunami evacuation tower according to claim 1, further comprising a door that opens and closes. The predetermined oxygen lower limit is between 12% and 14% of the oxygen in the air, and the predetermined carbon dioxide upper limit is 2.5% to 4% of the carbon dioxide in the air. The tsunami evacuation tower according to claim 1, wherein the tsunami evacuation tower is a value between. The pollution prevention is achieved by increasing the space volume of the evacuation space so that the oxygen concentration in the air in the evacuation space does not exceed the lower limit value and the carbon dioxide concentration exceeds the upper limit value in a watertight state. The tsunami evacuation tower according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein a stirrer that circulates the air in the evacuation space in the vertical direction is provided above the evacuation space. The said pollution prevention provided the means to supply oxygen to the air in the said evacuation space, and the means to remove a carbon dioxide from the air in this space, The any one of Claims 1-4 characterized by the above-mentioned. The tsunami evacuation tower described in 1. The carbon dioxide removing means introduces air containing a large amount of carbon dioxide in the evacuation space into the purified water tank of the carbon dioxide removing device, passes the gas through a circulating water stream, removes carbon dioxide, and contains the carbon dioxide. The tsunami evacuation tower according to claim 5, wherein the tsunami evacuation tower is configured so as to be reduced to (0.5 to 1.0)% or less. The structure is a structure made of reinforced concrete, the shape of the side wall of the structure is cylindrical, and a vertical reinforcing member is provided at the inner center of the structure and the structure is not liquefied. The tsunami evacuation tower according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the tsunami evacuation tower is constructed in a location where countermeasures are taken. The emergency evacuation means such as drinking water, food, toilets, and external communication means for maintaining the lives of the refugees is provided in the evacuation space of the structure. The tsunami evacuation tower according to claim 1. The structure includes a cylindrical side wall, a ceiling wall and a floor wall provided at upper and lower ends of the side wall, and a dome-shaped roof provided above the watertight ceiling wall to form an attic space. The tsunami evacuation tower according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein a part of the emergency evacuation means can be arranged in the attic space. The tsunami evacuation tower according to claim 9, wherein a basement is provided below the floor wall of the structure, an entrance to the basement is provided in the floor wall, and an elevator is provided in the basement. . 11. The structure according to claim 1, wherein the structure can withstand a water pressure of at least 5 atmospheres and can withstand a water flow at a speed of 10 to 20 meters / second.
Tsunami evacuation tower described in 1. In a structure with a watertight evacuation space to accommodate evacuees evacuating from the tsunami,
The structure has a structure having a plurality of independent evacuation spaces in the vertical direction, each evacuation space has an independent doorway and a watertight door, and the upper floor doorway is provided with lifting means accessible from the outside. Tsunami evacuation tower characterized by that. Each evacuation space has a cylindrical side wall, the upper evacuation space has a smaller floor area than the lower evacuation space, and the floor of the lower evacuation space is provided on the roof of the upper evacuation space The tsunami evacuation tower according to claim 12, wherein the elevating means to the upper evacuation space is a staircase provided in contact with a side wall of the lower evacuation space. The tsunami evacuation tower according to any one of the twelfth and thirteenth aspects, wherein the height of each evacuation space is 3 to 5 meters.

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