WO2017030170A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017030170A1 WO2017030170A1 PCT/JP2016/074142 JP2016074142W WO2017030170A1 WO 2017030170 A1 WO2017030170 A1 WO 2017030170A1 JP 2016074142 W JP2016074142 W JP 2016074142W WO 2017030170 A1 WO2017030170 A1 WO 2017030170A1
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- aligning agent
- diamine
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- 0 CNC1=C*(*)C=CC(N)=C1 Chemical compound CNC1=C*(*)C=CC(N)=C1 0.000 description 5
- KYLUHLJIAMFYKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CC1=C)OC1=O Chemical compound CC(CC1=C)OC1=O KYLUHLJIAMFYKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUKUGEISALPAHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N CCCCCC(c(cc(cc1)OCc2cc([N+]([O-])=O)cc([N+]([O-])=O)c2)c1OC)=O Chemical compound CCCCCC(c(cc(cc1)OCc2cc([N+]([O-])=O)cc([N+]([O-])=O)c2)c1OC)=O CUKUGEISALPAHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YHNZLOOOVQYYCP-NSCUHMNNSA-N COC(/C=C/N)=O Chemical compound COC(/C=C/N)=O YHNZLOOOVQYYCP-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element suitable for a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element and the like produced by irradiating ultraviolet rays with voltage applied to liquid crystal molecules.
- a liquid crystal display element of a method in which liquid crystal molecules aligned perpendicular to the substrate respond by an electric field (also referred to as a vertical alignment (VA) method) is irradiated with ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal molecules in the manufacturing process.
- VA vertical alignment
- a photopolymerizable compound is previously added to the liquid crystal composition, and a polyimide-based vertical alignment film is used, and ultraviolet rays are applied while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal cell.
- a PSA (Polymer Sustained Alignment) type element that increases the response speed of liquid crystal is known (see Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1).
- the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules incline in response to an electric field is usually controlled by protrusions provided on the substrate or slits provided on the display electrode, but photopolymerization is performed in the liquid crystal composition.
- the polymer structure in which the tilted direction of the liquid crystal molecules is stored is formed on the liquid crystal alignment film by adding an organic compound and irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal cell. For this reason, it is said that the response speed of the liquid crystal display element is faster than the method of controlling the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules only by the protrusions and slits.
- this PSA type liquid crystal display element the solubility of the polymerizable compound added to the liquid crystal is low, and there is a problem that when the addition amount is increased, precipitation occurs at a low temperature, but it is good when the addition amount of the polymerizable compound is reduced. An orientation state cannot be obtained. Moreover, since the unreacted polymerizable compound remaining in the liquid crystal becomes an impurity (contamination) in the liquid crystal, there is a problem that the reliability of the liquid crystal display element is lowered. In addition, when the UV irradiation treatment necessary for the PSA method is large, components in the liquid crystal are decomposed, resulting in a decrease in reliability.
- the polymerizable compound reacts efficiently and exhibits the ability to fix alignment by irradiation with ultraviolet rays having a long wavelength without decomposition of components in the liquid crystal. Furthermore, it is required that unreacted polymerizable compound does not remain after ultraviolet irradiation and does not adversely affect the reliability of the liquid crystal display element.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal capable of improving the response speed of a liquid crystal display device obtained by reacting a polymerizable compound in a liquid crystal and / or a liquid crystal alignment film without the above-mentioned problems of the prior art.
- An object is to provide an alignment agent, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element.
- a diamine compound having a bond whose triplet state bond dissociation energy barrier calculated by Gaussian 09 is 30 kcal / mol or less (hereinafter also referred to as a specific diamine), preferably any one of the following formulas: At least one polyimide polymer selected from a polyamic acid obtained by reacting a diamine component containing a diamine compound and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyamic acid (hereinafter referred to as “polyamic acid”) , Also referred to as a specific polymer).
- X 1 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO—, and —OCO—. It represents at least one selected from the group.
- X 2 represents a single bond or at least one divalent cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring, and when X 2 is a cyclohexane ring, a 4-chromanone skeleton and a spiro bond It may be connected via.
- X 3 represents a single bond or at least one divalent cyclic group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring.
- any hydrogen atom on the cyclic group is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkyl having 1 to 3 carbon atoms Group, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or a fluorine atom.
- X 4 is at least one selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- X 5 represents a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, or —COO—.
- T represents an alkylene group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R 1 represents —OH, —Ph, —OPh, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, —Ph, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group.
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group.
- R 4 and R 5 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Y represents —CH 2 — or —O—.
- pH represents a phenyl group.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent suitable for the liquid crystal display element of a vertical alignment system with a quick response speed, especially a PSA type liquid crystal display element is provided.
- a liquid crystal display element with sufficiently improved response speed can be produced even when ultraviolet rays having a long wavelength are irradiated.
- the diamine having an acetophenone structure, particularly the diamine represented by the above formula (1) is a light that generates radicals in the molecule.
- the amount of side chains introduced in the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent can be reduced, and a liquid crystal display element with further improved response speed can be realized.
- the aggregation of the polymer and the deterioration of the formation of the coating film in the process of forming the liquid crystal alignment film can be improved.
- the specific diamine used in the specific polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a diamine having a bond whose triplet bond dissociation energy barrier calculated by Gaussian 09 is 30 kcal / mol or less A compound.
- Gaussian 09 is Gaussian 09 (Gaussian 09, Revision D.01, M. J. Frisch, et al, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2013.) which is software for molecular orbital calculation manufactured by Gaussian. . In the present invention, this is used for calculation, and the density functional method (DFT) is used as the calculation method.
- the functional is calculated using B3LYP and the basis function using 6-31G (d).
- the keyword opt is used and the spin multiplicity is 3.
- the target inter-atom is an atom whose bond is dissociated by light irradiation.
- the potential energy curve obtained when the bond length is extended is drawn, and the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value is defined as a “triplet state bond dissociation energy barrier”.
- the acetophenone structure refers to the following structure.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group
- n is an integer of 1 to 3
- R may form a condensed ring structure with an adjacent benzene ring
- ⁇ represents a carbon atom at the ⁇ position with respect to the carbonyl group.
- the interatomic target for which the bond dissociation energy barrier ( ⁇ E) is calculated in the present invention refers to the interatomic point between the carbonyl carbon atom in the acetophenone structure and the carbon atom at the ⁇ position.
- the diamine compound easily generates a radical by dissociating its bond by light irradiation. According to the study of the present inventor, the generation of such a radical has a bond dissociation energy barrier calculated by Gaussian 09 of 30 kcal / mol.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a specific polymer obtained by using the diamine is more preferable as the bond dissociation energy barrier in the triplet state, which is more preferably 25 kcal / mol or less, particularly preferably 20 kcal / mol or less, is smaller. It has been found that the tilt angle of the liquid crystal in the used liquid crystal display element can be easily obtained.
- the lower limit of the bond dissociation energy barrier is usually preferably 5 kcal / mol or more from the viewpoint of the stability of the compound.
- a diamine having an acetophenone structure is preferable, and in such a diamine having an acetophenone structure, the bond between the carbonyl carbon and the ⁇ carbon is dissociated in an excited triplet state by light irradiation.
- a diamine represented by any one of the following formulas is particularly preferable.
- X 1 to X 5 , T, R 1 to R 5 and Y are as defined above.
- X 1 is preferably a single bond, —O—, or —CH 2 O—
- X 2 is preferably a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, or a cyclohexane ring via a spiro bond
- X 3 is a single bond
- a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring is preferred
- X 4 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms
- X 5 is preferably a single bond or —O—.
- R 1 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a phenyl group, or a hydroxyl group
- R 2 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, or a phenyl group.
- R 3 is preferably a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, a methoxy group, an ethyl group, an ethoxy group, or a phenyl group
- R 4 and R 5 are a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, and a phenyl group. Or a hydroxyl group is preferred.
- Y is preferably —CH 2 — or —O—.
- Preferred examples of the diamine represented by the above formula are as follows.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , and R 5 are each as defined above.
- diamines represented by the following formula (1) are preferable among the diamines represented by the above formula.
- X 1 to X 4 are as defined above.
- the bond dissociation energy barrier ( ⁇ E) calculated by Gaussian 09 possessed by a specific diamine is as described in Table 1 below.
- Me represents a methyl group.
- the diamine component for obtaining the polyimide polymer polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain other diamine together with the specific diamine.
- examples of such other diamines include diamines having side chains for vertically aligning liquid crystals (also referred to as vertically aligned side chain diamines in the present invention).
- Preferable examples of such vertically aligned side chain diamines include diamines having the following formula [II-1] or [II-2].
- X 1 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or OCO.
- X 2 represents a single bond or (CH 2 ) b — (b is an integer of 1 to 15).
- X 3 represents a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or OCO—.
- X 4 represents a divalent cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, and a heterocyclic ring, and an arbitrary hydrogen atom of these cyclic groups is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- Group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or a fluorine atom, and X 4 may have 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton. It may be a divalent organic group selected from organic groups.
- X 5 represents a divalent cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring and a heterocyclic ring, and an arbitrary hydrogen atom on these cyclic groups is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- n represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- X 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms.
- X 7 represents a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —COO— or OCO— is represented.
- X 8 represents an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- X 7 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —CON (CH 3 ) — or COO—, more preferably a single bond, —O—, —CONH. -Or COO-.
- X 8 is preferably an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the diamine having the above formula [II-1] include diamines represented by the following formula [2-1].
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , and n in the above formula [2-1] are the same as defined in each of the above formula [II-1], and m is 1 to It is an integer of 4. Preferably, it is an integer of 1.
- X 1 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O, from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis.
- -Or COO- is preferred, and more preferred is a single bond,-(CH 2 ) a- (a is an integer of 1 to 10), -O-, -CH 2 O- or COO-.
- X 2 is preferably a single bond or (CH 2 ) b — (b is an integer of 1 to 10).
- X 3 is preferably a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O— or COO— from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or COO— is preferable.
- X 4 is preferably an organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a steroid skeleton from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- X 5 is preferably a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.
- n is preferably 0 to 3 and more preferably 0 to 2 in view of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis.
- X 6 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred is an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- (2-25) to (2-96), (2-145) to (2-168), (2-217) to (2-240), (2-268) to (2-315) , (2-364) to (2-387), (2-436) to (2-483), or (2-603) to (2-615) are preferred.
- Particularly preferred combinations are (2-49) to (2-96), (2-145) to (2-168), (2-217) to (2-240), (2-603) to (2- 606), (2-607) to (2-609), (2-611), (2-612) or (2-624).
- vertically aligned side chain diamine examples include structures represented by the formulas [2a-1] to [2a-31] described in paragraphs 0042 to 0051 of Patent Document 2.
- formulas [2a-1] to [2a-31] preferred are formula [2a-1] to formula [2a-6], formula [2a-9] to formula [2a-13] or formula [2a-22] to [2a-31].
- vertically aligned side chain diamine having the formula [II-2] include diamines represented by the following formulas [2b-1] to [2b-10].
- a 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group).
- a 1 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 —, —O—, —CO— or NH—.
- a 2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the diamine component for obtaining the polyimide polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is a diamine having a photoreactive side chain represented by the following formula [3] in addition to the specific diamine (the present invention). Then, it may also be referred to as a photoreactive side chain diamine).
- R 8 represents a single bond, —CH 2 —, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, —CH 2 O—, —N.
- (CH 3 ) —, —CON (CH 3 ) —, or —N (CH 3 ) CO— is represented.
- R 9 represents a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted by a fluorine atom, and —CH 2 — of the alkylene group is optionally represented by —CF 2 — or —CH ⁇ CH—.
- R 10 represents a methacryl group, an acryl group, a vinyl group, an allyl group, a coumarin group, a styryl group, or a cinnamoyl group.
- R 8 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —NHCO, or —CONH—.
- R 9 can be formed by a common organic synthetic method, but from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Specific examples of the divalent carbocycle or heterocycle for replacing any —CH 2 — in R 9 include the following.
- R 10 is preferably a methacryl group, an acryl group, or a vinyl group from the viewpoint of photoreactivity.
- the amount of the photoreactive side chain is preferably within a range in which the response speed of the liquid crystal can be increased by reacting with ultraviolet irradiation to form a covalent bond. In order to further increase the response speed of the liquid crystal It is preferable that it is as many as possible within a range that does not affect other characteristics.
- the bonding position of the two amino groups (—NH 2 ) in the formula (3) is not limited. Specifically, with respect to the linking group of the side chain, 2, 3 position, 2, 4 position, 2, 5 position, 2, 6 position, 3, 4 position on the benzene ring, 3, 4 position, 5 positions. Among these, from the viewpoint of reactivity when synthesizing a polyamic acid, positions 2, 4, 2, 5, or 3, 5 are preferable. Considering the ease in synthesizing the diamine, the positions 2, 4 or 3, 5 are more preferable.
- photoreactive side chain diamine examples include the following.
- X 9 and X 10 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —NHCO—, or —NH—, a linking group, and Y is a carbon atom which may be substituted with a fluorine atom. Represents an alkylene group of ⁇ 20.
- Examples of the photoreactive side chain diamine include a diamine having a group causing a photodimerization reaction represented by the following formula and a group causing a photopolymerization reaction in the side chain.
- Y 1 represents —CH 2 —, —O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, or —CO—.
- Y 2 is an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a divalent carbocycle or a heterocycle, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkylene group, divalent carbocycle or heterocycle are fluorine atoms or organic It may be substituted with a group.
- Y 2 when the following groups are not adjacent to each other, —CH 2 — may be substituted with these groups; —O—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —NHCONH—, —CO—.
- Y 3 represents —CH 2 —, —O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —CO—, or a single bond.
- Y 4 represents a cinnamoyl group.
- Y 5 is a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms, a divalent carbocycle or a heterocycle, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkylene group, divalent carbocycle or heterocycle are fluorine atoms Alternatively, it may be substituted with an organic group.
- —CH 2 — may be substituted with these groups; —O—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —NHCONH—, —CO—.
- Y 6 represents a photopolymerizable group which is an acrylic group or a methacryl group.
- the said photoreactive side chain type diamine can be used 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- the polyimide polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention produces a polyamic acid by (condensation) polymerization of a diamine component containing a specific diamine and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, and imidizes the polyamic acid. It is obtained by manufacturing polyimide.
- a diamine component in addition to the specific amine, a vertical side chain diamine, a photoreactive side chain diamine, and / or the other diamine described above can be used.
- the specific diamine is preferably 5 to 60 mol%, more preferably 10 to 50 mol%, particularly preferably 20 to 40 mol%, of the diamine component used for the production of the polyimide polymer.
- the vertically aligned side chain type diamine is preferably used in an amount of 5 to 50 mol%, more preferably 10 to 40 mol% of the diamine component, particularly preferably in the case of a diamine component used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid. 10 to 30 mol%.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component to be reacted with the diamine component is not particularly limited. Specifically, pyromellitic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- pyromellitic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride One kind or a mixture of two or more kinds described in paragraph 0065 of Patent Document 2 such as anhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid-1,4,2,3-dianhydride may be used. it can.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the liquid crystal alignment properties, voltage holding characteristics
- ⁇ Production of polyamic acid> In obtaining a polyamic acid by the reaction of a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, a known production method can be used. In general, a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component are reacted in an organic solvent. The reaction between the diamine component and tetracarboxylic dianhydride is advantageous in that it proceeds relatively easily in an organic solvent and no by-products are generated.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as the generated polyamic acid can be dissolved. Furthermore, even if it is an organic solvent in which a polyamic acid does not melt
- organic solvent used in the reaction examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N-methylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like in the paragraph of Patent Document 2. And the one described in 0084. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination.
- the method of reacting a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component in an organic solvent is to stir a solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component as it is or an organic solvent.
- Dispersing or dissolving in a solution adding a diamine component to a solution obtained by dispersing or dissolving a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component in an organic solvent, alternating tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and diamine component Any of the methods of adding to In addition, when the diamine component or tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is composed of a plurality of types of compounds, they may be reacted in a premixed state, may be individually reacted sequentially, or may be further reacted individually. The body may be mixed and reacted to form a high molecular weight body.
- the temperature at the time of reacting the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is, for example, in the range of ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably ⁇ 5 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the total concentration of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 30% by mass with respect to the reaction solution.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component to the total number of moles of the diamine component in the polymerization reaction can be selected according to the molecular weight of the polyamic acid to be obtained. Similar to the usual polycondensation reaction, the closer the molar ratio is to 1.0, the higher the molecular weight of the polyamic acid produced, and 0.8 to 1.2 if it shows a preferred range.
- the method for synthesizing the polyamic acid used in the present invention is not limited to the above-described method, and in the same manner as the general polyamic acid synthesis method, instead of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a tetracarboxylic acid having a corresponding structure is used.
- the corresponding polyamic acid can be obtained by a known method using a tetracarboxylic acid derivative such as acid or tetracarboxylic acid dihalide.
- Examples of the method for imidizing the polyamic acid to form a polyimide include thermal imidization in which a polyamic acid solution is heated as it is, and catalytic imidization in which a catalyst is added to the polyamic acid solution.
- the imidation ratio from polyamic acid to polyimide is not necessarily 100%.
- the temperature at which the polyamic acid is thermally imidized in the solution is 100 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., and is preferably carried out while removing water generated by the imidation reaction from the system.
- Catalytic imidation of polyamic acid can be carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to a polyamic acid solution and stirring at -20 to 250 ° C, preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol of the amido acid group. Is double.
- Examples of the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. Among them, use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be poured into a poor solvent and precipitated.
- the poor solvent used for precipitation include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, benzene, and water.
- the polymer precipitated in a poor solvent and collected by filtration can be dried by normal temperature or reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating. Further, when the operation of re-dissolving the recovered polymer in an organic solvent and repeating the reprecipitation recovery is repeated 2 to 10 times, impurities in the polymer can be reduced.
- the poor solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of poor solvents selected from these because purification efficiency is further improved.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains the above specific polymer, and the content of the specific polymer is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 3 to 15% by mass, particularly preferably 3 to 10% by mass. It is.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention may contain other polymers other than a specific polymer. At that time, the content of such other polymer in all the components of the polymer is preferably 0.5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 50% by mass.
- the molecular weight of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is GPC (Gel Permeation) in consideration of the strength of the liquid crystal aligning film obtained by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent, workability when forming the coating film, and uniformity of the coating film.
- the weight average molecular weight measured by the Chromatography method is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited.
- combination of said polyamic acid can be mentioned.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide are soluble.
- two or more kinds of mixed solvents may be used.
- a solvent that improves the uniformity and smoothness of the coating film mixed with a solvent in which the components of the liquid crystal aligning agent are highly soluble examples include those described in paragraph 0094 of Patent Document 2, such as isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethyl pentanol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, and butyl cellosolve acetate.
- a plurality of these solvents may be mixed. These solvents are preferably 5 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 60% by mass, based on the total amount of the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain a polymerizable compound having a photopolymerizable or photocrosslinkable group at two or more terminals as required.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer.
- the polymerizable compound is a compound having two or more terminals having a group that undergoes photopolymerization or photocrosslinking.
- the polymerizable compound having a photopolymerizable group is a compound having a functional group that causes polymerization upon irradiation with light.
- the compound having a photocrosslinking group is at least one selected from a polymer of a polymerizable compound, a polyimide precursor, and a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor by irradiating light. It is a compound having a functional group capable of reacting with the polymer and crosslinking with these polymers.
- a compound having a photocrosslinkable group also reacts with a compound having a photocrosslinkable group.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention containing the polymerizable compound in a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element such as an SC-PVA type liquid crystal display By using the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention containing the polymerizable compound in a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element such as an SC-PVA type liquid crystal display, the side chain and the photoreactive property for aligning the liquid crystal vertically are used. Compared to the case of using a polymer having a side chain and this polymerizable compound alone, the response speed can be remarkably improved, and the response speed can be sufficiently improved even with a small amount of the polymerizable compound added. Can do.
- Examples of the group that undergoes photopolymerization or photocrosslinking include four types of monovalent groups represented by the following formula (IV).
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Z 1 is a divalent group optionally substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Z 2 represents a monovalent aromatic ring or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the polymerizable compound examples include a compound having a photopolymerizable group at each of two ends represented by the following formula (V), a terminal having a photopolymerizable group represented by the following formula (VI), and light.
- examples thereof include a compound having a terminal having a cross-linking group and a compound having a photo-crosslinking group at each of two terminals represented by the following formula (VII).
- R 12, Z 1 and Z 2 are the same as R 12, of Z 1 and Z 2 defined in the formula (IV), Q 1 is a divalent organic It is a group.
- Q 1 has a ring structure such as a phenylene group (—C 6 H 4 —), a biphenylene group (—C 6 H 4 —C 6 H 4 —), a cyclohexylene group (—C 6 H 10 —), and the like. Preferably it is. This is because the interaction with the liquid crystal tends to increase.
- V examples include a polymerizable compound represented by the following formula (4).
- V and W are each represented by a single bond or —R 1 O—, and R 1 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably — R 1 is represented by R 1 O—, and R 1 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- V and W may be the same or different, but synthesis is easy when they are the same.
- the photopolymerization or photocrosslinking group is a polymerizable compound having an acrylate group or a methacrylate group instead of an ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone group
- the acrylate group or methacrylate group is a spacer such as an oxyalkylene group.
- the polymerizable compound having a structure bonded to a phenylene group via a can significantly improve the response speed particularly like the polymerizable compound having ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone groups at both ends. .
- a polymerizable compound having a structure in which an acrylate group or a methacrylate group is bonded to a phenylene group through a spacer such as an oxyalkylene group has improved heat stability, and a high temperature, for example, a firing temperature of 200 ° C. or higher. Can withstand enough.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent may contain components other than those described above. Examples thereof include compounds that improve the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when a liquid crystal aligning agent is applied, and compounds that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal aligning film and the substrate. Examples of compounds that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants.
- F-top EF301, EF303, EF352 manufactured by Tochem Products
- MegaFuck F171, F173, R-30 manufactured by Dainippon Ink
- Florard FC430, FC431 manufactured by Sumitomo 3M
- Asahi Guard AG710 Surflon S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.) and the like.
- the use ratio of these surfactants is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 1 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. .
- Specific examples of compounds that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include functional silane-containing compounds and epoxy group-containing compounds. Examples thereof include those described in paragraph 0096 of Patent Document 2 such as 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane.
- a phenol compound such as 2,2′-bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-dihydroxymethylphenyl) propane or tetra (methoxymethyl) bisphenol may be added. These compounds are preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent is added with a dielectric or conductive material for the purpose of changing the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant or conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. May be.
- liquid crystal aligning agent By applying this liquid crystal aligning agent on a substrate and baking it, a liquid crystal alignment film for vertically aligning liquid crystals can be formed.
- the photoreaction becomes highly sensitive even in the so-called PSA mode, and a sufficient tilt angle can be imparted even with a small amount of ultraviolet irradiation.
- a cured film obtained by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention to a substrate and then drying and baking as necessary can be used as a liquid crystal aligning film as it is.
- the cured film is rubbed, irradiated with polarized light or light of a specific wavelength, or treated with an ion beam, or a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element after filling the liquid crystal as a PSA alignment film It is also possible to irradiate with UV. In particular, it is useful to use as an alignment film for PSA.
- the substrate used in this case is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate.
- Glass plate polycarbonate, poly (meth) acrylate, polyethersulfone, polyarylate, polyurethane, polysulfone, polyether, polyetherketone ,
- Plastic substrates such as trimethylpentene, polyolefin, polyethylene terephthalate, (meth) acrylonitrile, triacetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, and acetate butyrate cellulose can be used.
- a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving liquid crystal is formed from the viewpoint of simplifying the process.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as the substrate is only on one side, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used.
- the application method of the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, and other printing methods, ink jet methods, spray methods, roll coating methods, dip, roll coater, slit coater, spinner and the like. From the standpoint of productivity, the transfer printing method is widely used industrially, and is preferably used in the present invention.
- the coating film formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent by the above method can be baked to obtain a cured film.
- the drying process after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not necessarily required, but if the time from application to baking is not constant for each substrate, or if baking is not performed immediately after application, the drying process is performed. It is preferable.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is removed to such an extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by transporting the substrate or the like.
- a method of drying on a hot plate at a temperature of 40 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 60 ° C. to 100 ° C., for 0.5 minutes to 30 minutes, preferably 1 minute to 5 minutes.
- the firing temperature of the coating film formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not limited, and is, for example, 100 to 350 ° C, preferably 120 to 300 ° C, and more preferably 150 ° C to 250 ° C.
- the firing time is 5 minutes to 240 minutes, preferably 10 minutes to 90 minutes, and more preferably 20 minutes to 90 minutes. Heating can be performed by a generally known method such as a hot plate, a hot air circulating furnace, an infrared furnace, or the like.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by firing is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 100 nm.
- a liquid crystal cell can be produced by a known method after forming a liquid crystal alignment film on a substrate by the above method.
- the liquid crystal display element include two substrates disposed so as to face each other, a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, and a liquid crystal aligning agent provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
- a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell having the above-described liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied onto two substrates and baked to form a liquid crystal aligning film, and the two substrates are arranged so that the liquid crystal aligning films face each other.
- a liquid crystal layer composed of liquid crystal is sandwiched between two substrates, that is, a liquid crystal layer is provided in contact with the liquid crystal alignment film, and ultraviolet rays are applied while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer.
- This is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell to be manufactured.
- the liquid crystal alignment film formed of the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is used to irradiate ultraviolet rays while applying voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer to polymerize the polymerizable compound, and the photoreactive property of the polymer.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal is more efficiently fixed, and the liquid crystal display device is remarkably excellent in response speed.
- the substrate used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, but is usually a substrate on which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal is formed.
- a substrate on which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal As a specific example, the thing similar to the board
- a substrate provided with a conventional electrode pattern or protrusion pattern may be used.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention since the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is used, a line of 1 to 10 ⁇ m, for example, is formed on one side substrate. / Slit electrode pattern is formed, and it is possible to operate even in the structure where slit pattern or projection pattern is not formed on the counter substrate.
- the liquid crystal display element of this structure can simplify the process at the time of manufacture and has high transmittance. Can be obtained.
- a high-performance element such as a TFT type element
- an element in which an element such as a transistor is formed between an electrode for driving a liquid crystal and a substrate is used.
- a transmissive liquid crystal display element it is common to use a substrate as described above.
- an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer may be used. Is possible.
- a material such as aluminum that reflects light may be used for the electrode formed on the substrate.
- the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a liquid crystal material used in a conventional vertical alignment method, for example, a negative type such as MLC-6608 or MLC-6609 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc. Liquid crystal can be used.
- a liquid crystal containing a polymerizable compound represented by the following formula can be used.
- a known method can be used as a method of sandwiching the liquid crystal layer between two substrates. For example, a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, and spacers such as beads are dispersed on the liquid crystal alignment film on one substrate so that the surface on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is on the inside. Then, the other substrate is bonded, and liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure to seal.
- a liquid crystal cell can also be produced by a method in which the other substrate is bonded to each other so as to be inside, and sealing is performed.
- the thickness of the spacer is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the step of producing a liquid crystal cell by irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer includes, for example, applying an electric field between the electrodes installed on the substrate to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer. And applying ultraviolet rays while maintaining this electric field.
- the voltage applied between the electrodes is, for example, 5 to 30 Vp-p, preferably 5 to 20 Vp-p.
- the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays is, for example, 1 to 60 J / cm 2 , preferably 40 J / cm 2 or less, and the smaller the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays, the lower the reliability caused by the destruction of the members constituting the liquid crystal display element can be suppressed, In addition, the production efficiency is improved by reducing the ultraviolet irradiation time, which is preferable.
- the polymerizable compound when ultraviolet rays are irradiated while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer, the polymerizable compound reacts to form a polymer, and the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted is stored by this polymer.
- the response speed of the obtained liquid crystal display element can be increased.
- a polyimide precursor having a side chain for vertically aligning liquid crystal and a photoreactive side chain when irradiated with ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer, and the polyimide precursor as an imide Since the photoreactive side chains of at least one polymer selected from the polyimide obtained by the reaction or the photoreactive side chains of the polymer react with the polymerizable compound, the liquid crystal display element obtained The response speed can be increased.
- the imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and proton peaks derived from NH groups of amic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 to 10.0 ppm. It calculated
- x is a proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid
- y is a peak integrated value of the reference proton
- ⁇ is the NH of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%). This is the ratio of the number of reference protons to one proton in the group.
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- Gaussian 09 ⁇ Bond dissociation energy barrier calculated in Gaussian 09> According to Gaussian 09 obtained by Gaussian 09, Revision D.01, MJ Frisch, GW Trucks, HB Schlegel, GE Scuseria, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2013., carbonyl carbon and its ⁇ in DA-1 to DA-4.
- the result of calculating the bond dissociation energy barrier in the excited triplet state of the bond with carbon is as follows.
- DA-1 Bond dissociation energy barrier is 23.7 kcal / mol
- DA-2 Bond dissociation energy barrier is 34.9 kcal / mol
- DA-3 Bond dissociation energy barrier is 81.0 kcal / mol
- DA-4 Bond dissociation energy barrier is 7.4 kcal / mol
- NMP (22.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (A) (3.0 g), and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours.
- 3AMP (1 wt% NMP solution) 3.0g, NMP (2.0g), and BCS (20.0g) were added to this solution, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- NMP (44.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (B) (6.0 g), and the mixture was dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours.
- 6.0 g of 3AMP (1 wt% NMP solution), NMP (4.0 g) and BCS (40.0 g) were added and stirred at room temperature for 5 hours to obtain a liquid crystal aligning agent (B1).
- NMP (44.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (C) (6.0 g) and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours.
- 3AMP (1 mass% NMP solution) 6.0g, NMP (4.0g), and BCS (40.0g) were added to this solution, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (C1) was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- 5.0 g of the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) obtained in Example 1 as a first component and 5.0 g of the liquid crystal aligning agent (C1) obtained as above as a second component are mixed and stirred for 1 hour.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent (A2) was prepared.
- NMP (44.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (C) (6.0 g) and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours.
- 3AMP (1 mass% NMP solution) 6.0g, NMP (4.0g), and BCS (40.0g) were added to this solution, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (E1) was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- NMP (44.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (D) (6.0 g), and the mixture was dissolved by stirring at 50 ° C. for 5 hours.
- 3AMP (1 wt% NMP solution) 6.0g, NMP (4.0g), and BCS (40.0g) were added to this solution, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (D1) was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- NMP (22.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (A) (3.0 g), and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours.
- 3AMP (1 wt% NMP solution) 3.0g, NMP (2.0g), and BCS (20.0g) were added to this solution, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (F1) was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- Table 2 shows the specifications of the liquid crystal aligning agents A1, B1, C1, D1, E1, and F1 manufactured as described above.
- Example 1 Production of liquid crystal cell
- the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) obtained in Synthesis Example 1 was spin-coated on the ITO surface of an ITO electrode substrate on which an ITO electrode pattern having a pixel size of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m and a line / space of 5 ⁇ m was formed, After drying for 90 seconds on this hot plate, baking was performed in a hot air circulation oven at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a liquid crystal alignment film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- the response speed of the obtained liquid crystal cell was measured by the following method. Thereafter, with a DC voltage of 15 V applied to the liquid crystal cell, UV was applied from the outside of the liquid crystal cell through a 365 nm bandpass filter at 10 J / cm 2 . Thereafter, the response speed was measured again, and the response speed before and after UV irradiation was compared. Further, the pretilt angle of the pixel portion of the cell after UV irradiation was measured. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1 (Examples 2 to 3, Comparative Examples 1 to 4)
- the liquid crystal aligning agent (A2), (B2), (E1), (B1), (D1), or (D2) shown in Table 2 is used instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1).
- the response speed was measured before and after UV irradiation, and the pretilt angle was measured. The results are summarized in Table 3.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not only useful as a liquid crystal aligning agent for producing a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element such as a PSA type liquid crystal display or an SC-PVA type liquid crystal display, but also by rubbing treatment or photo-alignment treatment. It can also be suitably used for applications of the liquid crystal alignment film to be produced.
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Abstract
Description
このような垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子では、予め液晶組成物中に光重合性化合物を添加し、かつポリイミド系などの垂直配向膜を用い、液晶セルに電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射することで、液晶の応答速度を速くするPSA(Polymer Sustained Alignment)方式素子が知られている(特許文献1、非特許文献1参照)。
本発明は、Gaussian09で算定される3重項状態の結合解離エネルギー障壁が30kcal/mol以下である結合を有するジアミン化合物(以下、特定ジアミンともいう。)、好ましくは、下記のいずれかの式で表されるジアミン化合物を含むジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸及びそれをイミド化させて得られるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種のポリイミド系重合体(以下、特定重合体ともいう。)を含有する液晶配向剤にある。
特に、本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される特定重合体を形成する特定ジアミン中、アセトフェノン構造を有するジアミン、特に、上記式(1)で表されるジアミンは、分子中にラジカルを発生させる光反応性構造と垂直配向性構造とを有することから、液晶配向剤に含有される重合体の有する側鎖の導入量を減らすことができ、応答速度などを一層向上させた液晶表示素子が可能になるとともに、液晶配向膜の形成過程における重合体の凝集や塗布膜の形成の悪化も改善できる。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される特定重合体に使用される特定ジアミンは、Gaussian(ガウシアン)09で算定される3重項状態の結合解離エネルギー障壁が30kcal/mol以下である結合を有するジアミン化合物である。
ここで、Gaussian09は、Gaussian社製の分子軌道計算用ソフトウエアであるGaussian09(Gaussian 09,Revision D.01, M. J. Frisch, et al,Gaussian,Inc.,Wallingford CT, 2013.)である。本発明ではこれを用いて計算し、計算手法は、密度汎関数法(DFT)を用いる。汎関数にはB3LYPを用い、基底関数には6-31G(d)を用いて計算される。対象の分子構造の3重項状態での構造最適化計算には、キーワードoptを用い、スピン多重度は3を用いる。計算で得られた3重項状態の最適化構造から、対象の原子間距離を1.4Åから2.9Åまで0.1Åごとに離した時の部分構造最適化計算を行う(キーワード opt=ModRedundant)。対象の原子間とは、光照射によりその有する結合が解離する原子のことである。結合長を伸ばしていったときに得られたポテンシャルエネルギー曲線を描き、極大値と極小値の差を「3重項状態の結合解離エネルギー障壁」とする。
なお、本発明において、アセトフェノン構造とは以下の構造を指す。式中、Rは、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表し、nは、1~3の整数であり、Rは、隣接するベンゼン環と縮環構造を形成していてもよい。また、αは、カルボニル基に対してα位置にある炭素原子を表す。さらに、本発明で結合解離エネルギー障壁(ΔE)の算出を行った対象の原子間とは、アセトフェノン構造中のカルボニル炭素原子と、そのα位置にある炭素原子との原子間のことを指す。
これにより、本発明によれば、長波長の紫外線を照射した場合であっても、応答速度を十分に向上させた液晶表示素子、特にPSA型液晶表示素子が得られる。
アセトフェノン構造を有するジアミンとしては、特に、下記のいずれかの式で表されるジアミンが好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有されるポリイミド系重合体重合体を得るためのジアミン成分は、特定ジアミンとともに、それ以外の他のジアミンを含有していてもよい。かかる他のジアミンとして、液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖を有するジアミン(本発明では、垂直配向側鎖型ジアミンともいう。)が挙げられる。
かかる垂直配向側鎖型ジアミンの好ましい例は、下記式[II-1]又は式[II-2]を有するジアミンが挙げられる。
上記式[II-1]を有するジアミンとしては、下記の式[2-1]で表されるジアミンが挙げられる。
X6は、なかでも、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシ基又は炭素数1~10のフッ素含有アルコキシ基が好ましい。より好ましくは、炭素数1~12のアルキル基又は炭素数1~12のアルコキシ基である。特に好ましくは、炭素数1~9のアルキル基又は炭素数1~9のアルコキシ基である。
かかる式[2a-1]~[2a-31]のなかでも、好ましいのは、式[2a-1]~式[2a-6]、式[2a-9]~式[2a-13]又は式[2a-22]~式[2a-31]である。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有されるポリイミド系重合体を得るためのジアミン成分は、特定ジアミン以外に、さらに下記の式[3]で表される光反応性の側鎖を有するジアミン(本発明では、光反応性側鎖型ジアミンともいう。)を含有してもよい。
なかでも、R8は、単結合、-O-、-COO-、-NHCO、又は-CONH-が好ましい。R9は、通常の有機合成的手法で形成させることができるが、合成の容易性の観点から、単結合又は、炭素数1~12のアルキレン基が好ましい。
また、R9の任意の-CH2-を置き換える二価の炭素環若しくは複素環は、具体的には以下のものが例示される。
光反応性の側鎖の存在量は、紫外線の照射によって反応し共有結合を形成することにより液晶の応答速度を速めることができる範囲であることが好ましく、液晶の応答速度をより速めるためには、他の特性に影響が出ない範囲で、可能な限り多いことが好ましい。
上記光反応性側鎖型ジアミンは、1種類又は2種類以上を混合して使用できる。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有されるポリイミド系重合体を製造する場合、上記したジアミン以外のその他のジアミンをジアミン成分として併用できる。具体的には、例えば、p-フェニレンジアミン、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸、2,5-ジアミノ安息香酸など、特許文献2の段落0063に記載される1種又は2種以上を混合して使用することもできる。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有されるポリイミド重合体は、特定ジアミンを含有するジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを(縮)重合させてポリアミック酸を製造し、該ポリアミック酸をイミド化してポリイミドを製造することにより得られる。
上記のジアミン成分としては、特定アミンに加え、垂直側鎖型ジアミン、光反応性側鎖型ジアミン、及び/又は上記したその他のジアミンが使用できる。
また、垂直配向側鎖型ジアミンは、ポリアミック酸の合成に用いるジアミン成分に含有セル場合、5~50モル%用いることが好ましく、より好ましくはジアミン成分の10~40モル%であり、特に好ましくは10~30モル%である。
光反応性側鎖型ジアミンを使用する場合、ポリイミド系重合体の合成に用いるジアミン成分の5~50モル%を用いることが好ましく、より好ましくは10~40モル%、特に好ましくは10~20モル%である。
ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分との反応により、ポリアミック酸を得るにあたっては、公知の製造手法を用いることができる。一般的には、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを有機溶媒中で反応させる方法である。ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物との反応は、有機溶媒中で比較的容易に進行し、かつ副生成物が発生しない点で有利である。
上記の重合反応における、ジアミン成分の合計モル数に対するテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分の合計モル数の比率は、得ようとするポリアミック酸の分子量に応じて選択できる。通常の重縮合反応と同様に、このモル比が1.0に近いほど生成するポリアミック酸の分子量は大きくなり、好ましい範囲を示すならば0.8~1.2である。
上記したポリアミック酸をイミド化させてポリイミドとする方法としては、ポリアミック酸の溶液をそのまま加熱する熱イミド化、ポリアミック酸の溶液に触媒を添加する触媒イミド化が挙げられる。なお、ポリアミック酸からポリイミドへのイミド化率は、必ずしも100%である必要はない。
ポリアミック酸の触媒イミド化は、ポリアミック酸の溶液に、塩基性触媒と酸無水物とを添加し、-20~250℃、好ましくは0~180℃で攪拌することにより行うことができる。塩基性触媒の量はアミド酸基の0.5~30モル倍、好ましくは2~20モル倍であり、酸無水物の量はアミド酸基の1~50モル倍、好ましくは3~30モル倍である。塩基性触媒としてはピリジン、トリエチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリオクチルアミンなどを挙げることができ、中でもピリジンは反応を進行させるのに適度な塩基性を持つので好ましい。酸無水物としては、無水酢酸、無水トリメリット酸、無水ピロメリット酸などを挙げることができ、中でも無水酢酸を用いると反応終了後の精製が容易となるので好ましい。触媒イミド化によるイミド化率は、触媒量と反応温度、反応時間を調節することにより制御することができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記の特定重合体を含有するが、特定重合体の含有量は1~20質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは3~15質量%、特に好ましくは3~10質量%である。本発明の液晶配向剤は、特定重合体以外に、他の重合体を含有していてもよい。その際、重合体全成分中におけるかかる他の重合体の含有量は0.5~80質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは20~50質量%である。
液晶配向剤に含有され重合体の分子量は、液晶配向剤を塗布して得られる液晶配向膜の強度及び、塗膜形成時の作業性、塗膜の均一性を考慮した場合、GPC(Gel Permeation Chromatography)法で測定した重量平均分子量で5,000~1,000,000が好ましく、10,000~150,000がより好ましい。
重合性化合物は、光重合又は光架橋する基を有する末端を二つ以上持っている化合物である。ここで、光重合する基を有する重合性化合物とは、光を照射することにより重合を生じさせる官能基を有する化合物である。また、光架橋する基を有する化合物とは、光を照射することにより、重合性化合物の重合体や、ポリイミド前駆体、及び、このポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体と反応してこれらと架橋することができる官能基を有する化合物である。なお、光架橋する基を有する化合物は、光架橋する基を有する化合物同士でも反応する。
なお、下記式(V)~(VII)において、R12、Z1及びZ2は上記式(IV)におけるR12、Z1及びZ2の定義と同じであり、Q1は二価の有機基である。Q1は、フェニレン基(-C6H4-)、ビフェニレン基(-C6H4-C6H4-)、シクロヘキシレン基(-C6H10-)等の環構造を有していることが好ましい。液晶との相互作用が大きくなりやすいためである。
膜厚の均一性や表面平滑性を向上させる化合物としては、フッ素系界面活性剤、シリコーン系界面活性剤、ノ二オン系界面活性剤などが挙げられる。より具体的には、例えば、エフトップEF301、EF303、EF352(トーケムプロダクツ社製)、メガファックF171、F173、R-30(大日本インキ社製)、フロラードFC430、FC431(住友スリーエム社製)、アサヒガードAG710、サーフロンS-382、SC101、SC102、SC103、SC104、SC105、SC106(旭硝子社製)などが挙げられる。これらの界面活性剤の使用割合は、液晶配向剤に含有される重合体の総量100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.01~2質量部、より好ましくは0.01~1質量部である。
さらに、液晶配向剤には、上記の他、本発明の効果が損なわれない範囲であれば、液晶配向膜の誘電率や導電性などの電気特性を変化させる目的の誘電体や導電物質を添加してもよい。
上記の方法で液晶配向剤を塗布して形成される塗膜は、焼成して硬化膜とすることができる。液晶配向剤を塗布した後の乾燥の工程は、必ずしも必要とされないが、塗布後から焼成までの時間が基板ごとに一定していない場合、又は塗布後ただちに焼成されない場合には、乾燥工程を行うことが好ましい。この乾燥は、基板の搬送等により塗膜形状が変形しない程度に溶媒が除去されていればよく、その乾燥手段については特に限定されない。例えば、温度40℃~150℃、好ましくは60℃~100℃のホットプレート上で、0.5分~30分、好ましくは1分~5分乾燥させる方法が挙げられる。
また、焼成して得られる液晶配向膜の厚みは特に限定されないが、好ましくは5~300nm、より好ましくは10~100nmである。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記の方法により、基板に液晶配向膜を形成した後、公知の方法で液晶セルを作製できる。液晶表示素子の具体例としては、対向するように配置された2枚の基板と、基板間に設けられた液晶層と、基板と液晶層との間に設けられ本発明の液晶配向剤により形成された上記液晶配向膜とを有する液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。具体的には、本発明の液晶配向剤を2枚の基板上に塗布して焼成することにより液晶配向膜を形成し、この液晶配向膜が対向するように2枚の基板を配置し、この2枚の基板の間に液晶で構成された液晶層を挟持し、すなわち、液晶配向膜に接触させて液晶層を設け、液晶配向膜及び液晶層に電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射することで作製される液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。
透過型の液晶表示素子の場合は、上記の如き基板を用いることが一般的であるが、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な基板も用いることが可能である。その際、基板に形成された電極には、光を反射するアルミニウムの如き材料を用いることもできる。
(酸二無水物)
BODA:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
PMDA:ピロメリット酸二無水物
(ジアミン)
p-PDA:p-フェニレンジアミン
DBA:3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸
3AMPDA:3,5-ジアミノ-N-(ピリジン-3-イルメチル)ベンズアミド
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、DMF:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ、 THF:テトラヒドロフラン
<添加剤>
3AMP:3-ピコリルアミン
<ポリイミドの分子量測定方法>
装置:常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC):センシュー科学社製SSC-7200)、
カラム:Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約9000,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、及び、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学社製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS混合品)1.0mlを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液を日本電子データム社製NMR測定器(JNW-ECA500)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。下記式中、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値であり、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値であり、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミック酸のNH基のプロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
Gaussian 09, Revision D.01,M. J. Frisch, G. W. Trucks, H. B. Schlegel, G. E. Scuseria, Gaussian, Inc., Wallingford CT, 2013.により入手したGaussian09により、DA-1~DA-4における、カルボニル炭素とそのα炭素との結合の励起3重項状態での結合解離エネルギー障壁を算定した結果は次のとおりである。
DA-1:結合解離エネルギー障壁が23.7kcal/mol
DA-2:結合解離エネルギー障壁が34.9kcal/mol
DA-3:結合解離エネルギー障壁が81.0kcal/mol
DA-4:結合解離エネルギー障壁が7.4kcal/mol
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物10(50.00g, 329mmol)、化合物2(82.35g, 329mmol)、及びDMF(250g)を加え、室温で撹拌しながらピロリジン(70.15g, 986mmol)を加えた。その後、100℃で加熱撹拌を行った。反応をHPLC(high performance liquid chromatography)にて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(1.5L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ撹拌を行った。析出した固体をろ過、純水(1L)、2-プロパノール(500g)で順次洗浄し、固体を乾燥し化合物11を得た(得量63.8g、収率50%)。
1H NMR(DMSO-d6, δppm):9.32(1H, brs), 7.04(1H, d), 6.98(1H, dd), 6.83(1H, d), 2.62(2H, s), ),1.99-1.96(2H, m), 1.74-1.70(4H, m), 1.48-0.805(24H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物11(20.00g, 52.0mmol)、トリエチルアミン(5.79g, 57.2mmol)、及びDMF(120g)を加え室温で撹拌を行った。その後、化合物4(10.16g, 54.6mmol)のDMF(40g)溶液を滴下した。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(1L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、分液により水層を除去した後、有機層を純水(500mL)で4回洗浄し、有機層を硫酸マグネシウムで乾燥し、ろ過、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮した。得られたオイル状粗物を2-プロパノール(100g)で加熱撹拌後、室温に冷却し析出した固体をろ過、乾燥し化合物12を得た(得量13.7g、収率48%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物12(10.00g, 30.8mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(2.00g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(200g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し粗物を得た。得られた粗物をメタノール(400g)で洗浄し、固体を乾燥しジアミンDA-1を得た(得量8.01g、収率90%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物8(11.82g, 57.2mmol)、化合物3(20.00g, 52.0mmol)、及びTHF(160g)を加え40℃で撹拌した。その後、水酸化ナトリウム(2.5g)/純水(80g)水溶液を徐々に滴下し、滴下終了後室温で反応を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(1L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、ろ過後、得られた粗物を2-プロパノール(300g)、アセトニトリル(350g)でそれぞれ加熱リパルプ洗浄し、固体を乾燥し化合物9を得た(得量24.6g、収率84%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物9(22.00g, 39.0mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(6.6g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(440g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し粗物を得た。得られた粗物を酢酸エチル(100g)で加熱リパルプ洗浄し、ろ過により得られた固体を乾燥しジアミンDA-2を得た(得量11.9g、収率61%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
窒素置換した4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物3(15.00g, 39.0mmol)、トリエチルアミン(4.74g, 46.8mmol)、及びTHF(100g)を加え反応溶液を10℃に冷却し撹拌を行った。その後、化合物6(9.44g, 41.0mmol)のTHF(40g)溶液を滴下した。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、純水(0.5L)へ反応溶液を注ぎ、しばらく室温で撹拌し析出した固体をろ過、純水、2-プロパノールで順次洗浄後、固体を乾燥し化合物7を得た(得量21.1g、収率94%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
4つ口フラスコ中に、化合物7(18.00g, 31.1mmol)、3wt%Pt/C(含水)(7.2g)、及び1,4-ジオキサン(360g)を加え、窒素置換、続く水素置換を行い室温で撹拌を行った。反応をHPLCにて追跡し、反応終了後、触媒をろ過し、ろ液をエバポレーターで濃縮し粗物を得た。得られた粗物をヘキサン(150g)で洗浄し、固体を乾燥しジアミンDA-3を得た(得量14.9g、収率92%)。
1H NMR(CDCl3, δppm):8.85(1H, d), 8.33(1H, dd), 7.60(1H, dd), 7.98(1H, dd), 7.10(1H, d), 7.05(1H, d), 2.69(2H, s), 2.16(2H, d), 1.77(4H, t), 1.62-1.58(3H, m), 1.47-0.85(21H, m).
BODA(1.20g、4.8mmol)、DA-1(2.36g、4.8mmol)、p-PDA(0.39g、3.6mmol)、及び3AMPDA(0.87g、3.6mmol)をNMP(18.4g)中で溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させた後、CBDA(1.32g、7.1mmol)とNMP(6.1g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液(27g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(4.7g)、及びピリジン(1.5g)を加え、70℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(400ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(A)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は72%であり、数平均分子量は12000、重量平均分子量は53000であった。
得られたポリイミド粉末(A)(3.0g)にNMP(22.0g)を加え、70℃にて20時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に3AMP(1wt%NMP溶液)3.0g、NMP(2.0g)、BCS(20.0g)を加え、室温で5時間攪拌することにより液晶配向剤(A1)を得た。
BODA(1.60、6.4mmol)、DA-2(3.23g、6.4mmol)、3AMPDA(1.16g、4.8mmol)、及びp-PDA(0.52g、4.8mmol)をNMP(25.0g)中で溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させた後、CBDA(1.85g、9.4mmol)とNMP(8.3g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液(38g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(6.6g)、及びピリジン(2.0g)を加え、70℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(500ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(B)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は73%であり、数平均分子量は14000、重量平均分子量は44000であった。
得られたポリイミド粉末(B)(6.0g)にNMP(44.0g)を加え、70℃にて20時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に3AMP(1wt%NMP溶液)6.0g、NMP(4.0g)、BCS(40.0g)を加え、室温で5時間攪拌することにより液晶配向剤(B1)を得た。
BODA(5.00g、20.0mmol)、DBA(6.09g、40.0mmol)、3AMPDA(7.27g、30.0mmol)、及びDA-4(11.42g、30.0mmol)をNMP(136.5g)中で溶解し、60℃で3時間反応させた後、PMDA(4.36g、48.5mmol)とCBDA(11.37g、58.0mmol)とNMP(45.51g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液(180g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(40.0g)、及びピリジン(12.4g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(2300ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(C)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は78%であり、数平均分子量は9000、重量平均分子量は20000であった。
上記実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A1)を第1成分として5.0g、上記で得られた液晶配向剤(C1)を第2成分として5.0gを混合し、1時間撹拌することにより液晶配向剤(A2)を調製した。
BODA(10.01g、40.0mmol)、3AMPDA(4.85g、20.0mmol)、DA-4(13.78g、40.0mmol)、及びDA-5(15.22g、40.0mmol)をNMP(166.2g)中で溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させたのち、CBDA(11.57g、59.0mmol)とNMP(55.42g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液(250g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(45.49g)、およびピリジン(14.3g)を加え、70℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(3300ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(C)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は72%であり、数平均分子量は21000、重量平均分子量は82000であった。
得られたポリイミド粉末(C)(6.0g)にNMP(44.0g)を加え、70℃にて20時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に3AMP(1質量%NMP溶液)6.0g、NMP(4.0g)、BCS(40.0g)を加え、室温で5時間攪拌することにより液晶配向剤(E1)を得た。
BODA(4.00、16.0mmol)、DA-5(6.09g、16.0mmol)、3AMPDA(2.91g、12.0mmol)、及びp-PDA(1.30g、12.0mmol)をNMP(56.5g)中で溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させた後、CBDA(4.59g、23.4mmol)とNMP(18.9g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液(85g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(16.0g)、及びピリジン(5.0g)を加え、70℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(1100ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(D)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は73%であり、数平均分子量は13000、重量平均分子量は39000であった。
得られたポリイミド粉末(D)(6.0g)にNMP(44.0g)を加え、50℃にて5時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に3AMP(1wt%NMP溶液)6.0g、NMP(4.0g)、BCS(40.0g)を加え、室温で5時間攪拌することにより液晶配向剤(D1)を得た。
比較例1で得られた液晶配向剤(D1)を第1成分として5.0g、製造例3で得られた液晶配向剤(C1)を第2成分として5.0gを混合し、1時間撹拌することにより液晶配向剤(D2)を調製した。
BODA(1.20g、4.8mmol)、DA-3(2.49g、4.8mmol)、p-PDA(0.39g、3.6mmol)、及び3AMPDA(0.87g、3.6mmol)をNMP(18.9g)中で溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させた後、CBDA(1.39g、7.1mmol)とNMP(6.3g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液(28g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(4.8g)、及びピリジン(1.5g)を加え、70℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(400ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(F)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は70%であり、数平均分子量は14000、重量平均分子量は41000であった。
得られたポリイミド粉末(A)(3.0g)にNMP(22.0g)を加え、70℃にて20時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に3AMP(1wt%NMP溶液)3.0g、NMP(2.0g)、BCS(20.0g)を加え、室温で5時間攪拌することにより液晶配向剤(F1)を得た。
合成例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A1)を用いて下記に示すような手順で液晶セルの作製を行った。実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A1)を、画素サイズが100μm×300μmでライン/スペースがそれぞれ5μmのITO電極パターンが形成されているITO電極基板のITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、200℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
また、液晶配向剤(A1)を電極パターンが形成されていないITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで90秒乾燥させた後、200℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
得られた液晶セルの応答速度を、下記方法により測定した。その後、この液晶セルに15VのDC電圧を印加した状態で、この液晶セルの外側から365nmのバンドパスフィルターを通したUVを10J/ cm2照射した。その後、再び応答速度を測定し、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。また、UV照射後のセルについて画素部分のプレチルト角を測定した。結果を表2に示す。
バックライト、クロスニコルの状態にした一組の偏光版、光量検出器の順で構成される測定装置を使用し、一組の偏光版の間に液晶セルを配置した。このときライン/スペースが形成されているITO電極のパターンがクロスニコルに対して45°の角度になるようにした。そして、上記の液晶セルに電圧±7V、周波数1kHzの矩形波を印加し、光量検出器によって観測される輝度が飽和するまでの変化をオシロスコープにて取り込み、電圧を印加していない時の輝度を0%、±7Vの電圧を印加し、飽和した輝度の値を100%として、輝度が10%から90%まで変化するのにかかる時間を応答速度とした。
「プレチルト角の測定」
名菱テクニカ製LCDアナライザーLCA-LUV42Aを使用した。
実施例1において、液晶配向剤(A1)の代わりに、表2に示される、液晶配向剤(A2)、(B2)、(E1)、(B1)、(D1)、又は(D2)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様に、操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度、及びプレチルト角の測定を行なった。結果を表3にまとめて示した。
一方、比較例1~4では、チルト角が89.5を超えるものであり、充分なチルト角を発現することはできなかった。
これは、PSAで使用する重合性化合物自体が波長365nmの紫外線をほとんど吸収しないため、光反応を促進する部位を有さない液晶配向膜では重合反応が充分に進行しなかったためであると考えられる。
Claims (11)
- Gaussian09で算定される3重項状態の結合解離エネルギー障壁が30kcal/mol以下である結合を有するジアミン化合物を含むジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを反応させて得られるポリアミック酸及びそれをイミド化させて得られるポリイミドから選ばれる少なくとも1種のポリイミド系重合体を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
- 前記ジアミン化合物が、アセトフェノン構造を有するジアミンであり、該アセトフェノン構造中、カルボニル炭素とそのα炭素との結合の励起3重項状態での結合解離エネルギー障壁が30kcal/mol以下であるジアミン化合物である、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記ジアミン化合物が、下記のいずれかの式で表されるジアミンである請求項2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記ジアミン化合物が、下記式(1)で表されるジアミンである、請求項2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記ジアミン化合物が、式(1)中、X2がシクロヘキサン環であり、かつ4-クロマノン骨格とスピロ結合を介して結合しているジアミン化合物である、請求項3又は4に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記ジアミン化合物が、全ジアミン成分中、5~60モル%含有される請求項1~6のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- さらに、2つ以上の末端に光重合又は光架橋する基を有する重合性化合物を含有する、請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項9の液晶配向膜を備えた液晶表示素子
- 液晶表示素子がPSA方式である請求項10に記載の液晶表示素子。
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