WO2017038627A1 - ラジカル発生能及び塩基発生能を有する新規なジアミン化合物及びそれを原料とする新規なイミド系重合体 - Google Patents
ラジカル発生能及び塩基発生能を有する新規なジアミン化合物及びそれを原料とする新規なイミド系重合体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017038627A1 WO2017038627A1 PCT/JP2016/074827 JP2016074827W WO2017038627A1 WO 2017038627 A1 WO2017038627 A1 WO 2017038627A1 JP 2016074827 W JP2016074827 W JP 2016074827W WO 2017038627 A1 WO2017038627 A1 WO 2017038627A1
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- diamine
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- 0 *C(*)(*)C([Al]***c1ccccc1)=O Chemical compound *C(*)(*)C([Al]***c1ccccc1)=O 0.000 description 4
- ATHGLHFVHLALKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)CCCC(C)C(CC1)C(C)(CC2C3)C1C(CC1)C2C3(CC2)C1CC2Oc(ccc(N)c1)c1N Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)C(CC1)C(C)(CC2C3)C1C(CC1)C2C3(CC2)C1CC2Oc(ccc(N)c1)c1N ATHGLHFVHLALKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAJTUWXWXLEOLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(C)CCCC(C)C(CC1)C2(C)C1C1C=CC(CC(CC3)Oc(ccc(N)c4)c4N)C3(C3)C1C3C2 Chemical compound CC(C)CCCC(C)C(CC1)C2(C)C1C1C=CC(CC(CC3)Oc(ccc(N)c4)c4N)C3(C3)C1C3C2 XAJTUWXWXLEOLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRZYNMOMAYJERG-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C(C)(CC2)C1C(CC1)C2C(C)(CC2)C1CC2Oc(ccc(N)c1)c1N Chemical compound CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C(C)(CC2)C1C(CC1)C2C(C)(CC2)C1CC2Oc(ccc(N)c1)c1N LRZYNMOMAYJERG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXWCEMULDKLEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C2(C)C1C1C=CC(CC(CC3)Oc(ccc(N)c4)c4N)C3(C)C1CC2 Chemical compound CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C2(C)C1C1C=CC(CC(CC3)Oc(ccc(N)c4)c4N)C3(C)C1CC2 NXWCEMULDKLEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/135—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms separated by carbocyclic rings or by carbon chains interrupted by carbocyclic rings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel diamine compound having radical generating ability and base generating ability, and an imide polymer used for a liquid crystal aligning agent, a photosensitive resin material, and the like using the diamine compound as a raw material.
- a liquid crystal display element of a method in which liquid crystal molecules aligned perpendicular to the substrate respond by an electric field (also referred to as a vertical alignment (VA) method) is irradiated with ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal molecules in the manufacturing process.
- VA vertical alignment
- a photopolymerizable compound is previously added to the liquid crystal composition, and a polyimide-based vertical alignment film is used, and ultraviolet rays are applied while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal cell.
- PSA Polymer Sustained Alignment
- Patent Document 1 Non-Patent Document 1
- the direction in which liquid crystal molecules incline in response to an electric field is usually controlled by protrusions provided on the substrate, slits provided on display electrodes, or the like.
- the polymer structure in which the tilted direction of the liquid crystal molecules is memorized is formed on the liquid crystal alignment film. Since it is formed, it is said that the response speed of the liquid crystal display element is faster than the method of controlling the tilt direction of the liquid crystal molecules only by the protrusions and slits.
- the solubility of the polymerizable compound added to the liquid crystal is low, and there is a problem that if the addition amount is increased, precipitation occurs at a low temperature, but if the addition amount of the polymerizable compound is reduced, a good alignment state is obtained. Cannot be obtained.
- the unreacted polymerizable compound remaining in the liquid crystal becomes an impurity (contamination) in the liquid crystal, there is a problem that the reliability of the liquid crystal display element is lowered.
- the UV irradiation treatment necessary for the PSA method is large, components in the liquid crystal are decomposed, resulting in a decrease in reliability.
- the response speed of the liquid crystal display element is increased by adding a photopolymerizable compound to the liquid crystal alignment film instead of the liquid crystal composition (SC-PVA liquid crystal display, non-patent document). 2).
- the polymerizable compound reacts efficiently and exhibits the ability to fix alignment by irradiation with ultraviolet rays having a long wavelength without decomposition of components in the liquid crystal. Further, it is necessary that unreacted polymerizable compound does not remain after the irradiation with ultraviolet rays and does not adversely affect the reliability of the liquid crystal display element.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent, particularly a liquid crystal aligning agent for a PSA element having a high response speed, an imide polymer suitably used as a material for a photosensitive resin, and a raw material for the imide polymer. It is to provide a novel diamine compound.
- the present invention has the following gist.
- a diamine compound represented by the following formula (1) (T 1 and T 2 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, —CH 2 O—, —N (CH 3 ) —, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, or —S—, G is a divalent heterocyclic group having two nitrogen atoms, R 1 R 2 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a benzyl group or an alkoxy group, and Q is a group selected from the following: (R each independently represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 3 represents a nitrogen atom or an oxygen atom.
- a novel diamine compound capable of generating radicals and bases by irradiation with ultraviolet rays.
- a novel imide polymer comprising a polyimide precursor obtained by reacting a diamine component containing the novel diamine compound and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and / or a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor Provided.
- the imide polymer of the present invention is used as a liquid crystal aligning agent or a photosensitive resin material.
- the diamine which is the raw material of the imide polymer, generates radicals and bases upon irradiation with ultraviolet rays, and this is a polymerizability used for liquid crystal display elements.
- a tilt angle is efficiently imparted and a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element, particularly a PSA element, having a high response speed can be obtained.
- the imide polymer of the present invention is made from a novel diamine compound (hereinafter also referred to as a specific diamine) represented by the following formula (1), which can generate radicals and bases by irradiation with ultraviolet rays. .
- the specific diamine is a side chain represented by the formula (1a) that generates radicals and bases by irradiation with ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 365 nm, which is general-purpose light, of 250 to 420 nm, preferably 300 to 380 nm.
- 365 nm which is general-purpose light
- UV rays having a wavelength of 365 nm, which is general-purpose light, of 250 to 420 nm, preferably 300 to 380 nm.
- it is also referred to as a specific side chain.
- T 1 , T 2 , G, Ar, R 1 , R 2 , and Q are the same as defined above.
- T 1 and T 2 are preferably a single bond from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis
- G is preferably a piperazine structure from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and availability of raw materials.
- Ar to which carbonyl is bonded is involved in the absorption wavelength of ultraviolet light, a structure having a long conjugate length such as naphthylene or biphenylene is preferable when the wavelength is increased.
- Ar may be substituted with a substituent, and the substituent is preferably an electron-donating organic group such as an alkyl group, a hydroxyl group, an alkoxy group, or an amino group.
- Ar is most preferably a phenylene group from naphthylene and biphenylene in view of the difficulty of synthesis and solubility. If the wavelength of ultraviolet rays is in the range of 250 nm to 380 nm, sufficient characteristics can be obtained, and a phenylene group is most preferable from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and difficulty in synthesis.
- R 1 and R 2 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a benzyl group, or a phenethyl group. In the case of an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, R 1 and R 2 are May be formed.
- Q is preferably any of the following groups that decomposes by ultraviolet rays to generate radicals and bases.
- Each R is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- R 3 is a nitrogen atom and / or an oxygen atom.
- R is preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group, and R 3 is preferably an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom from the viewpoints of availability of raw materials, strength of the generated base and ease of handling.
- Specific examples of the specific amine include the followings from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, high versatility, characteristics, and the like.
- the specific diamine can be a dinitro compound obtained through each step, a mononitro compound having an amino group with a protective group that can be removed in the reduction process, or a diamine, and the nitro group is converted into an amino group by a commonly used reduction reaction. It can be obtained by converting to a group or deprotecting a protecting group.
- a method for synthesizing a specific diamine for example, a method of synthesizing a site where radicals are generated by ultraviolet irradiation, introducing a spacer site, and then binding to dinitrobenzene is shown below.
- the base to be used is not particularly limited, but inorganic bases such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and cesium carbonate, and organic bases such as pyridine, dimethylaminopyridine, trimethylamine, triethylamine and tributylamine are preferable.
- the method for reducing the dinitro compound is not particularly limited. Usually, palladium carbon, platinum oxide, Raney nickel, platinum carbon, rhodium-alumina, platinum sulfide carbon, etc. are used as a catalyst. Ethyl acetate, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, alcohols There is a method of performing reduction with hydrogen gas, hydrazine, hydrogen chloride or the like in a solvent such as. You may use an autoclave etc. as needed.
- the dinitro compound includes an unsaturated bond site in the structure
- the unsaturated bond site may be reduced, resulting in a saturated bond.
- a reduction method using a transition metal such as tin chloride, poisoned palladium carbon, platinum carbon, platinum carbon doped with iron, or the like as a catalyst is preferable.
- the specific diamine can also be obtained from a diaminobenzene derivative protected with a benzyl group or the like by deprotection in the same reduction step.
- a diamine compound represented by the following formula [2] having a side chain for vertically aligning liquid crystals in addition to a specific diamine (hereinafter referred to as vertical alignment) It can also be used as a raw material.
- X represents a structure represented by the following formula [II-1] or [II-2]
- n represents an integer of 1 to 4, and 1 is particularly preferable.
- (X 1 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO— or OCO.
- X 2 represents a single bond or (CH 2 ) b — (b is an integer of 1 to 15.)
- X 3 represents a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is 1 to X 4 represents a divalent cyclic group selected from a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring, and a heterocyclic ring, which are an integer of 15), —O—, —CH 2 O—, —COO—, or OCO— Any one of the cyclic groups is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group
- N represents an integer of 0 to 4.
- X 6 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or 1 to 18 carbon atoms. Represents a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group.
- X 1 is a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O, from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis.
- — Or COO— is preferable, and more preferably a single bond, — (CH 2 ) a — (a is an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or COO—.
- X 2 is preferably a single bond or (CH 2 ) b — (b is an integer of 1 to 10).
- X 3 is preferably a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 15), —O—, —CH 2 O— or COO— from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis. It is preferably a single bond, — (CH 2 ) c — (c is an integer of 1 to 10), —O—, —CH 2 O— or COO—.
- X 4 is preferably an organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a benzene ring, a cyclohexane ring or a steroid skeleton from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- X 5 is preferably a benzene ring or a cyclohexane ring.
- n is preferably 0 to 3, more preferably 0 to 2, from the viewpoint of availability of raw materials and ease of synthesis.
- X 6 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. Particularly preferred is an alkyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 9 carbon atoms.
- the organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton in the present invention has 12 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- the organic group having 12 to 25 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton is to be read as the organic group having 17 to 51 carbon atoms having a steroid skeleton.
- (2-25) to (2-96), (2-145) to (2-168), (2-217) to (2-240), (2-268) to (2-315) , (2-364) to (2-387), (2-436) to (2-483), or (2-603) to (2-615) are preferred.
- Particularly preferred combinations are (2-49) to (2-96), (2-145) to (2-168), (2-217) to (2-240), (2-603) to (2- 606), (2-607) to (2-609), (2-611), (2-612) or (2-624).
- X 7 represents a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, —COO— or OCO— is represented.
- X 8 represents an alkyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- X 7 is preferably a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 O—, —CONH—, —CON (CH 3 ) — or COO—, more preferably a single bond, —O—, —CONH. -Or COO-.
- X 8 is preferably an alkyl group having 8 to 18 carbon atoms.
- diamine represented by the formula [2] it is preferable to use a diamine represented by the following formula [2-1] from the viewpoint that a high and stable vertical alignment of liquid crystal can be obtained.
- X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , X 4 , X 5 , and n in the above formula [2-1] are the same as defined in each of the above formula [II-1], and Preferred embodiments are also the same as defined above for Formula [II-1].
- m is an integer of 1 to 4. Preferably, it is an integer of 1.
- Examples of the diamine represented by the formula [2-1] include structures represented by the following formulas [2a-1] to [2a-31].
- R 1 represents —O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 —, or CH 2 OCO—
- R 2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, carbon A linear or branched alkoxyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxy group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group.
- R 3 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 — or CH 2 —
- 4 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkoxyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, Or a fluorine-containing alkoxyl group).
- R 5 is —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 —, —O — Or NH—
- R 6 represents a fluorine group, a cyano group, a trifluoromethane group, a nitro group, an azo group, a formyl group, an acetyl group, an acetoxy group or a hydroxyl group.
- R 7 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene is a trans isomer).
- R 8 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene is a trans isomer).
- a 4 is a linear or branched alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom, and A 3 is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group or a 1,4-phenylene group.
- a 2 is an oxygen atom or COO- * (where a bond with “*” is bonded to A 3 ), and A 1 is an oxygen atom or COO— * (where “*” is a bond)
- the hand binds to (CH 2 ) a 2 ).
- a 1 is an integer of 0 or 1
- a 2 is an integer of 2 to 10
- a 3 is an integer of 0 or 1.
- Examples of the diamine represented by the formula [II-2] include diamines represented by the following formulas [2b-1] to [2b-10].
- a 1 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group).
- a 1 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 —, —O—, —CO— or NH—.
- a 2 represents a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a linear or branched fluorine-containing alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the imide-based polymer of the present invention comprises a specific diamine and, if necessary, a diamine having a side chain for vertically aligning liquid crystals, a diamine component containing the other diamine, and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component. Manufactured by polycondensation.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydride component examples include pyromellitic acid, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2,4,6. , 8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3,5-tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid-1,4,2,3-dianhydride, etc.
- International Publication WO2015 / 033921A1 published 2015.3.12
- the diamines described in 0065 can be used.
- Tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the specific diamine is preferably 10 to 100 mol%, more preferably 20 to 60 mol, in the diamine component used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid. %, Particularly preferably 30 to 50 mol%.
- the vertically aligned side chain diamine is preferably 5 to 50 mol% of the diamine component, more preferably 10 to 40 mol%, particularly preferably 15 to 30 mol% of the diamine component.
- a known synthesis method can be used.
- a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component are reacted in an organic solvent.
- the reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is advantageous in that it proceeds relatively easily in an organic solvent and no by-products are generated.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as the generated polyamic acid is soluble. Furthermore, even if it is an organic solvent in which a polyamic acid does not melt
- organic solvent used in the above reaction examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N-methylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and N-ethyl-2.
- -Pyrrolidone 2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, N-methylcaprolactam, dimethylsulfoxide, tetramethylurea, pyridine, dimethylsulfone, hexamethyl Sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, dipentene, ethyl amyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, Tilcerosolve acetate, butylcellosolve acetate, ethylcellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol
- the method of reacting a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component in an organic solvent is to stir a solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component as it is or an organic solvent.
- Dispersing or dissolving in a solution adding a diamine component to a solution obtained by dispersing or dissolving a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component in an organic solvent, alternating tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and diamine component Any of the methods of adding to In addition, when the diamine component or tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is composed of a plurality of types of compounds, they may be reacted in a premixed state, may be individually reacted sequentially, or may be further reacted individually. The body may be mixed and reacted to form a high molecular weight body.
- the temperature at which the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component are reacted is, for example, in the range of ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably ⁇ 5 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the total concentration of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is preferably 1 to 50% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 30% by mass with respect to the reaction solution.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component to the total number of moles of the diamine component can be selected according to the molecular weight of the polyamic acid to be obtained. Similar to the usual polycondensation reaction, the closer the molar ratio is to 1.0, the higher the molecular weight of the polyamic acid produced, and 0.8 to 1.2 if it shows a preferred range.
- the temperature at which the polyamic acid is thermally imidized in the solution is 100 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., and is preferably carried out while removing water generated by the imidation reaction from the system.
- Catalytic imidation of polyamic acid can be carried out by adding a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride to a polyamic acid solution and stirring at -20 to 250 ° C, preferably 0 to 180 ° C.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol of the amido acid group. Is double.
- Examples of the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Among them, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- Examples of the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like. Among them, use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains an imide polymer having a structure represented by the above formula (1) in the side chain.
- the content of the imide polymer is preferably 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably. Is 3 to 15% by mass, particularly preferably 3 to 10% by mass.
- the molecular weight of the imide polymer possessed by the liquid crystal aligning agent is determined by considering the strength of the liquid crystal aligning film obtained by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent, the workability during coating film formation, and the uniformity of the coating film.
- the weight average molecular weight measured by the Permeation Chromatography method is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited.
- combination of said polyamic acid can be mentioned. Among them, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, etc. are dissolved. From the viewpoint of sex. Of course, two or more kinds of mixed solvents may be used.
- a solvent which improves the uniformity and smoothness of a coating film in the solvent with the high solubility of the component of a liquid crystal aligning agent.
- a solvent for example, those described in paragraph 0094 of International Publication No. WO2015 / 033921A1 (Published 2015.3.12) can be used.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain a polymerizable compound having a photopolymerizable or photocrosslinkable group at two or more terminals as required.
- a polymerizable compound is a compound having two or more terminals having photopolymerization or photocrosslinking groups.
- the polymerizable compound having a photopolymerizable group is a compound having a functional group that causes polymerization upon irradiation with light.
- the compound having a photocrosslinking group is at least one selected from a polymer of a polymerizable compound, a polyimide precursor, and a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor by irradiating light. It is a compound having a functional group capable of reacting with the polymer and crosslinking with these polymers.
- a compound having a photocrosslinkable group also reacts with a compound having a photocrosslinkable group.
- the content thereof is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the imide polymer.
- a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element such as an SC-PVA liquid crystal display
- side chains for vertically aligning the liquid crystal and photoreactive side chains are formed.
- the response speed can be remarkably improved as compared with the case of using the polymer having the polymerizable compound or the polymerizable compound alone, and the response speed can be sufficiently improved even with a small addition amount of the polymerizable compound.
- Examples of the group that undergoes photopolymerization or photocrosslinking include monovalent groups represented by the following formula (IV).
- R 12 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Z 1 is a divalent group optionally substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- Z 2 represents a monovalent aromatic ring or heterocyclic ring optionally substituted by an alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms or an alkoxyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- the polymerizable compound examples include a compound having a photopolymerizable group at each of two ends represented by the following formula (V), a terminal having a photopolymerizable group represented by the following formula (VI), and light.
- examples thereof include a compound having a terminal having a cross-linking group and a compound having a photo-crosslinking group at each of two terminals represented by the following formula (VII).
- R 12, Z 1 and Z 2 are as defined in the R 12, Z 1 and Z 2 in the formula (IV), Q 1 is a divalent organic It is a group.
- Q 1 has a ring structure such as a phenylene group (—C 6 H 4 —), a biphenylene group (—C 6 H 4 —C 6 H 4 —), a cyclohexylene group (—C 6 H 10 —), and the like. Preferably it is. This is because the interaction with the liquid crystal tends to increase.
- V examples include a polymerizable compound represented by the following formula (4).
- V and W are each represented by a single bond or —R 1 O—, and R 1 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably — R 1 is represented by R 1 O—, and R 1 is a linear or branched alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- V and W may be the same or different, but synthesis is easy when they are the same.
- the photopolymerization or photocrosslinking group is a polymerizable compound having an acrylate group or a methacrylate group instead of an ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone group
- the acrylate group or methacrylate group is a spacer such as an oxyalkylene group.
- the polymerizable compound having a structure bonded to a phenylene group via a can significantly improve the response speed particularly like the polymerizable compound having ⁇ -methylene- ⁇ -butyrolactone groups at both ends. .
- a polymerizable compound having a structure in which an acrylate group or a methacrylate group is bonded to a phenylene group through a spacer such as an oxyalkylene group has improved heat stability, and a high temperature, for example, a firing temperature of 200 ° C. or higher. Can withstand enough.
- the production method of the polymerizable compound is not particularly limited, and the production methods described in paragraphs 0076 to 0082 of International Publication WO2015 / 033921A1 (published 2015.3.12) can be used.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent may contain components other than those described above. Examples thereof include compounds that improve the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when a liquid crystal aligning agent is applied, and compounds that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal aligning film and the substrate.
- liquid crystal aligning agent By applying this liquid crystal aligning agent on a substrate and baking it, a liquid crystal alignment film for vertically aligning liquid crystals can be formed.
- the response speed of the liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal aligning film obtained can be made quick.
- the polymerizable compound that may be contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent or is contained in the liquid crystal together with the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the photoreaction becomes highly sensitive, and a tilt angle can be imparted even with a small amount of UV irradiation.
- a cured film obtained by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention to a substrate and then drying and baking as necessary can be used as a liquid crystal aligning film as it is.
- the cured film is rubbed, irradiated with polarized light or light of a specific wavelength, or treated with an ion beam, or a voltage is applied to the liquid crystal display element after filling the liquid crystal as a PSA alignment film It is also possible to irradiate with UV. In particular, it is useful to use as an alignment film for PSA.
- the substrate to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass plate, polycarbonate, poly (meth) acrylate, or the like can be used.
- a substrate on which an ITO electrode or the like for driving liquid crystal is formed from the viewpoint of simplifying the process.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as only one substrate is used.
- a material that reflects light such as aluminum, can also be used.
- the application method of the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, and other printing methods, ink jet methods, spray methods, roll coating methods, dip, roll coater, slit coater, spinner and the like. From the standpoint of productivity, the transfer printing method is widely used industrially, and is preferably used in the present invention.
- the coating film formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent by the above method can be baked to obtain a cured film.
- the drying process after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not necessarily required, but if the time from application to baking is not constant for each substrate, or if baking is not performed immediately after application, the drying process is performed. It is preferable.
- the drying is not particularly limited as long as the solvent is removed to such an extent that the shape of the coating film is not deformed by transporting the substrate or the like.
- a method of drying on a hot plate at a temperature of 40 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 60 ° C. to 100 ° C., for 0.5 minutes to 30 minutes, preferably 1 minute to 5 minutes.
- the firing temperature of the coating film formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not limited, and is, for example, 100 to 350 ° C, preferably 120 to 300 ° C, and more preferably 150 ° C to 250 ° C.
- the firing time is 5 minutes to 240 minutes, preferably 10 minutes to 90 minutes, and more preferably 20 minutes to 90 minutes. Heating can be performed by a generally known method such as a hot plate, a hot air circulating furnace, an infrared furnace, or the like.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by firing is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 100 nm.
- a liquid crystal cell can be produced by a known method after forming a liquid crystal alignment film on a substrate by the above method.
- the liquid crystal display element include two substrates disposed so as to face each other, a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, and a liquid crystal aligning agent provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
- a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal cell having the above-described liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied onto two substrates and baked to form a liquid crystal aligning film, and the two substrates are arranged so that the liquid crystal aligning films face each other.
- a liquid crystal layer composed of liquid crystal is sandwiched between two substrates, that is, a liquid crystal layer is provided in contact with the liquid crystal alignment film, and ultraviolet rays are applied while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer.
- This is a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display device including a liquid crystal cell to be manufactured.
- the liquid crystal alignment film formed of the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is used to irradiate ultraviolet rays while applying voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer to polymerize the polymerizable compound, and the photoreactive property of the polymer.
- the alignment of the liquid crystal is more efficiently fixed, and the liquid crystal display device is remarkably excellent in response speed.
- the substrate used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, but is usually a substrate on which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal is formed.
- a substrate on which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal As a specific example, the thing similar to the board
- a substrate provided with a conventional electrode pattern or protrusion pattern may be used.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention since the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is used, a line of 1 to 10 ⁇ m, for example, is formed on one side substrate. / Slit electrode pattern is formed, and it is possible to operate even in the structure where slit pattern or projection pattern is not formed on the counter substrate.
- the liquid crystal display element of this structure can simplify the process at the time of manufacture and has high transmittance. Can be obtained.
- a high-performance element such as a TFT type element
- an element in which an element such as a transistor is formed between an electrode for driving a liquid crystal and a substrate is used.
- a transmissive liquid crystal display element it is common to use a substrate as described above.
- an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer may be used. Is possible.
- a material such as aluminum that reflects light may be used for the electrode formed on the substrate.
- the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a liquid crystal material used in a conventional vertical alignment method, for example, a negative type such as MLC-6608 or MLC-6609 manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc. Liquid crystal can be used.
- a liquid crystal containing a polymerizable compound represented by the following formula can be used.
- a known method can be used as a method of sandwiching the liquid crystal layer between two substrates. For example, a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, and spacers such as beads are dispersed on the liquid crystal alignment film on one substrate so that the surface on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is on the inside. Then, the other substrate is bonded, and liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure to seal.
- a liquid crystal cell can also be produced by a method in which the other substrate is bonded to each other so as to be inside, and sealing is performed.
- the thickness of the spacer is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the step of producing a liquid crystal cell by irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer includes, for example, applying an electric field between the electrodes installed on the substrate to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer. And applying ultraviolet rays while maintaining this electric field.
- the voltage applied between the electrodes is, for example, 5 to 30 Vp-p, preferably 5 to 20 Vp-p.
- Ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 365 nm, which is general-purpose light, can be used at 250 to 420 nm, preferably 300 to 380 nm.
- the irradiation amount is, for example, 1 to 60 J / cm 2 , preferably 40 J / cm 2 or less, and the smaller the ultraviolet irradiation amount, the lowering of reliability caused by the destruction of the members constituting the liquid crystal display element can be suppressed, and It is preferable because the production efficiency is increased by reducing the ultraviolet irradiation time.
- the polymerizable compound when ultraviolet rays are irradiated while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer, the polymerizable compound reacts to form a polymer, and the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted is stored by this polymer.
- the response speed of the obtained liquid crystal display element can be increased.
- a polyimide precursor having a side chain for vertically aligning liquid crystal and a photoreactive side chain when irradiated with ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer, and the polyimide precursor as an imide Since the polyimide obtained by the reaction to photoreactive side chains of at least one selected polymer or the photoreactive side chains of the polymer reacts with the polymerizable compound, the resulting liquid crystal display element The response speed can be increased.
- M2 (15.7 g, 194 mmol) was added dropwise over 4 hours under the condition of 40 ° C. and stirred overnight. Thereafter, insoluble matters were removed by filtration, and after dilution with ethyl acetate (500 g), the organic phase was washed with water (200 g) three times and concentrated to obtain M3.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- BCS Butyl cellosolve
- BODA Bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- CBDA 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetra Carboxylic dianhydride
- PDA p-phenylenediamine 3-AMP: 3-picolylamine 3-AMPDA: 3,5-diamino-N- (pyridin-3-ylmethyl) benzamide
- the imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and proton peaks derived from NH groups of amic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 to 10.0 ppm. It calculated
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid
- y is the peak integrated value of the reference proton
- ⁇ is the proton of the NH group of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%). This is the ratio of the number of reference protons to one.
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- Example 1 BODA (1.30 g, 5.2 mmol), 3AMPDA (0.63 g, 2.6 mmol), DA-1 (2.20 g, 5.2 mmol), and DA-2 (1.98 g, 5.2 mmol) were added to NMP. (22.8 g), dissolved at 60 ° C. for 5 hours, CBDA (1.50 g, 7.7 mmol) and NMP (7.6 g) were added, and reacted at 40 ° C. for 10 hours to obtain a polyamic acid solution.
- NMP (22.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (A) (3.0 g), and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours.
- 3AMP (1 mass% NMP solution) 3.0g, NMP (2.0g), and BCS (20.0g) were added to this solution, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) obtained in Example 1 was spin-coated on the ITO surface of an ITO electrode substrate on which an ITO electrode pattern having a pixel size of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m and a line / space of 5 ⁇ m was formed, After drying for 90 seconds on this hot plate, baking was performed in a hot air circulation oven at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a liquid crystal alignment film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- a liquid crystal cell was prepared by injecting a polymerizable compound-containing liquid crystal MLC-3023 (trade name, manufactured by Merck) into the empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method.
- the response speed of the obtained liquid crystal cell was measured by the following method. Thereafter, with a DC voltage of 15 V applied to the liquid crystal cell, 6 J / cm 2 of UV light was applied from the outside of the liquid crystal cell through a bandpass filter having a wavelength of 365 nm. The illuminance of UV was measured using UV-MO3A manufactured by ORC. Thereafter, for the purpose of deactivating the unreacted polymerizable compound remaining in the liquid crystal cell, UV (UV lamp: FLR40SUV32 /) was used with a UV-FL irradiation apparatus manufactured by Toshiba Lighting & Technology Co., Ltd. in a state where no voltage was applied. A-1) was irradiated for 30 minutes. Thereafter, the response speed was measured again, and the response speed before and after UV irradiation was compared. Further, the pretilt angle of the pixel portion of the cell after UV irradiation was measured. The results are shown in the table.
- a liquid crystal cell was arranged between a pair of polarizing plates in a measuring device configured in the order of a backlight, a set of polarizing plates in a crossed Nicol state, and a light amount detector.
- the ITO electrode pattern in which the line / space was formed was at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the crossed Nicols.
- a rectangular wave having a voltage of ⁇ 7 V and a frequency of 1 kHz is applied to the liquid crystal cell, and the change until the luminance observed by the light amount detector is saturated is captured by an oscilloscope, and the luminance when no voltage is applied is obtained.
- NMP (22.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (B) (3.0 g), and dissolved by stirring at 70 ° C. for 20 hours.
- 3AMP (1 mass% NMP solution) 3.0g, NMP (2.0g), and BCS (20.0g) were added to this solution, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (B1) was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- the response speed and the pretilt angle were measured in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent (B1) was used as the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) containing DA-1 can efficiently impart a tilt angle even when irradiated with ultraviolet rays having a long wavelength of 365 nm. This is presumably because the polymerizable compound contained in the liquid crystal reacted efficiently with radicals generated from DA-1.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent B1 not containing DA-1 the tilt angle could not be imparted and the response speed was hardly improved. This is considered to be because the polymerization of the polymerizable compound hardly proceeded because the ultraviolet ray used for irradiation had a long wavelength.
- Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) (7.11 g, 50.0 mmol) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) (5.01 g, 50.0 mmol) are dissolved in NMP (116.4 g) and degassed with a diaphragm pump for 5 minutes. After performing, azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) (0.82 g, 5.0 mmol) was added and deaeration was performed again for 5 minutes. Thereafter, the mixture was reacted at 60 ° C. for 30 hours to obtain a 1: 1 copolymer of GMA and MMA.
- AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
- This polymer had a number average molecular weight of 6,800 and a weight average molecular weight of 10,800.
- DA-1 (42.3 mg, 0.1 mmol) was added and dissolved in this solution (C) (10.0 g) to obtain a polymethacrylate solution (C1).
- the polymethacrylate solution (C1) obtained above is spin-coated on the ITO surface of the ITO electrode substrate and dried on a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 90 seconds to produce an ITO electrode substrate with a polymethacrylate thin film having a thickness of 100 nm. did.
- the film surface of this substrate was irradiated with 3 J / cm 2 of ultraviolet rays (UV) that passed through a band-pass filter having a wavelength of 313 nm, and baked on a hot plate at 140 ° C. for 5 minutes.
- UV ultraviolet rays
- the obtained substrate was immersed in tetrahydrofuran for 30 seconds and then washed with pure water for 10 seconds to visually determine whether the polymethacrylate on the substrate surface was insoluble. Further, a UV-unirradiated and unfired coated substrate, a UV-irradiated coated substrate, and a fired-coated coated substrate were prepared, respectively, and it was determined whether polymethacrylate was insolubilized by the same method as described above. The evaluation results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 (Comparative Example 2) Except that DA-1 was not added, the same operation as in Example 2 was performed to determine whether the polymethacrylate became insoluble.
- Example 3 (Comparative Example 3) Except for adding DA-2 (38.1 mg, 0.1 mmol) instead of DA-1, the same operation as in Example 2 was performed to determine whether the polymethacrylate was insolubilized.
- Comparative Example 2 it was confirmed that neither DA-1 nor DA-2 was insolubilized in THF in any of Example 2 and Comparative Examples 2, 3 when no DA-1 or DA-2 was added. This indicates that the glycidyl group in the polymer is not cross-linked. Further, in the case of Comparative Example 3 and Example 2 without UV irradiation, it was confirmed that polymethacrylate was not insolubilized only by adding DA-1 or DA-2.
- the lone pair of electrons on the nitrogen atom is delocalized by the benzene ring, and the glycidyl group in the polymer cannot be crosslinked due to weak nucleophilicity of the diamine moiety due to steric hindrance of the side chain. Is shown.
- Example 2 using DA-1 it was confirmed that the polymethacrylate thin film was insolubilized by UV irradiation and subsequent firing. This is presumably because morpholine was generated from DA-1 by UV irradiation, and the glycidyl group contained in polymethacrylate was crosslinked by subsequent heating.
- DA-1 has radical generating ability and base generating ability by light irradiation.
- the imide polymer using the novel diamine compound of the present invention as a raw material is suitable for liquid crystal aligning agents, particularly liquid crystal aligning agents for PSA type liquid crystal display elements, photosensitive resin compositions, high-sensitivity photocuring materials, and resist materials. It can be used widely.
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Abstract
Description
このような垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子では、予め液晶組成物中に光重合性化合物を添加し、かつポリイミド系などの垂直配向膜を用い、液晶セルに電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射することで液晶の応答速度を速くするPSA(Polymer Sustained Alignment)方式の素子(特許文献1、非特許文献1)が知られている。
さらに、光重合性化合物を液晶組成物ではなく、液晶配向膜中に添加することによっても、液晶表示素子の応答速度が速くなることが報告されている(SC-PVA型液晶ディスプレイ、非特許文献2)。
(1)下記式(1)で表されるジアミン化合物。
(2)上記(1)に記載のジアミン化合物を含有するジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを反応させて得られるポリイミド前駆体及びそれをイミド化して得られるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のイミド系重合体。
(特定ジアミン)
本発明のイミド系重合体は、紫外線の照射によりラジカル及び塩基を発生することができる、下記の式(1)で表される新規なジアミン化合物(以下、特定ジアミンともいう。)を原料とする。
また、Arには置換基が置換していても良く、かかる置換基は、アルキル基、ヒドロキシル基、アルコキシ基、アミノ基などの電子供与性の有機基が好ましい。
Arは、ナフチレンやビフェニレンよりも、合成の難易度や溶解性の点から、フェニレン基が最も好ましい。紫外線の波長が250nm~380nmの範囲であれば十分な特性が得られ、原料の入手性や合成難易度の点からフェニレン基が最も好ましい。
原料の入手性、発生する塩基の強さや扱い易さの観点から、Rはメチル基、又はエチル基が好ましく、R3は酸素原子または窒素原子が好ましい。
特定ジアミンは、各ステップを経て得られるジニトロ体、或いは、還元工程で除去可能な保護基を施したアミノ基を有するモノニトロ体、或いは、ジアミンを合成し、通常用いる還元反応にてニトロ基をアミノ基に変換あるいは保護基を脱保護することにより得ることができる。
特定ジアミンの合成法は、例えば、紫外線照射にてラジカルが発生する部位を合成し、スペーサー部位を導入した後、ジニトロベンゼンと結合させる方法を以下に示す。
ジニトロ化合物を還元する方法は、特に制限はなく、通常、パラジウムカーボン、酸化白金、ラネーニッケル、白金カーボン、ロジウム-アルミナ、硫化白金カーボンなどを触媒として用い、酢酸エチル、トルエン、テトラヒドロフラン、ジオキサン、アルコール系などの溶媒中、水素ガス、ヒドラジン、塩化水素などによって還元を行う方法がある。必要に応じてオートクレープなどを用いてもよい。
また、特定ジアミンは、ベンジル基などで保護されたジアミノベンゼン誘導体からも同様に上記還元工程で脱保護することで得ることができる。
本発明のイミド系重合体を液晶配向剤に使用する場合、特定ジアミンに加えて、液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖を有する、下記の式[2]で表されるジアミン化合物(以下、垂直配向側鎖ジアミンともいう。)を原料にすることができる。
X6は、なかでも、炭素数1~18のアルキル基、炭素数1~10のフッ素含有アルキル基、炭素数1~18のアルコキシル基又は炭素数1~10のフッ素含有アルコキシル基が好ましい。より好ましくは、炭素数1~12のアルキル基又は炭素数1~12のアルコキシル基である。特に好ましくは、炭素数1~9のアルキル基又は炭素数1~9のアルコキシル基である。
また、上記WO2011/132751の各表に掲載される(2-605)~(2-629)では、本発明におけるステロイド骨格を有する炭素数17~51の有機基が、ステロイド骨格を有する炭素数12~25の有機基と示されているが、ステロイド骨格を有する炭素数12~25の有機基は、ステロイド骨格を有する炭素数17~51の有機基と読み替えるものとする。
なお、式[2-1]中、mは1~4の整数である。好ましくは、1の整数である。
本発明のイミド系重合体の原料ジアミンとしては、上記したジアミン以外のその他のジアミンをジアミン成分として併用することができる。具体的には、例えば、p-フェニレンジアミン、m-フェニレンジアミン、3,5-ジアミノ安息香酸、4,4’―ジアミノベンゾフェノンなど、国際公開公報WO2015/033921A1(2015.3.12公開)の段落0063に記載されているジアミンが使用できる。
本発明のイミド系重合体は、特定ジアミン、及び必要に応じて、液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖を有するジアミン、上記その他のジアミンを含むジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分と、を重縮合させて製造される。
また、上記の垂直配向側鎖ジアミンは、ジアミン成分の5~50モル%であるのが好ましく、より好ましくはジアミン成分の10~40モル%であり、特に好ましくは15~30モル%である。
ポリアミック酸の触媒イミド化は、ポリアミック酸の溶液に、塩基性触媒と酸無水物とを添加し、-20~250℃、好ましくは0~180℃で攪拌することにより行うことができる。塩基性触媒の量はアミド酸基の0.5~30モル倍、好ましくは2~20モル倍であり、酸無水物の量はアミド酸基の1~50モル倍、好ましくは3~30モル倍である。塩基性触媒としてはピリジン、トリエチルアミン、トリメチルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリオクチルアミンなどを挙げることができ、中でもピリジンは反応を進行させるのに適度な塩基性を持つので好ましい。酸無水物としては、無水酢酸、無水トリメリット酸、無水ピロメリット酸などを挙げることができ、中でも無水酢酸を用いると反応終了後の精製が容易となるので好ましい。触媒イミド化によるイミド化率は、触媒量と反応温度、反応時間を調節することにより制御することができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は上記式(1)で表される構造を側鎖に有するイミド系重合体を含有するが、かかるイミド系重合体の含有量は1~20質量%が好ましく、より好ましくは3~15質量%、特に好ましくは3~10質量%である。
液晶配向剤が有するイミド系重合体の分子量は、液晶配向剤を塗布して得られる液晶配向膜の強度及び、塗膜形成時の作業性、塗膜の均一性を考慮した場合、GPC(Gel Permeation Chromatography)法で測定した重量平均分子量で5,000~1,000,000が好ましく、10,000~150,000がより好ましい。
かかる溶媒としては、例えば、国際公開公報WO2015/033921A1(2015.3.12公開)の段落0094に記載されているものが使用できる。
本発明の液晶配向剤には、必要に応じ、2つ以上の末端に光重合又は光架橋する基を有する重合性化合物を含有しても良い。かかる重合性化合物は、光重合又は光架橋する基を有する末端を2つ以上持っている化合物である。ここで、光重合する基を有する重合性化合物とは、光を照射することにより重合を生じさせる官能基を有する化合物である。また、光架橋する基を有する化合物とは、光を照射することにより、重合性化合物の重合体や、ポリイミド前駆体、及び、このポリイミド前駆体をイミド化して得られるポリイミドから選択される少なくとも一種の重合体と反応してこれらと架橋することができる官能基を有する化合物である。なお、光架橋する基を有する化合物は、光架橋する基を有する化合物同士でも反応する。
上記重合性化合物を含有させた液晶配向剤を、SC-PVA型液晶ディスプレイなどの垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子に用いることにより、この液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖及び光反応性の側鎖を有する重合体や、この重合性化合物を単独で用いた場合と比較して、応答速度を顕著に向上させることができ、少ない重合性化合物の添加量でも応答速度を十分に向上させることができる。
上記の方法で液晶配向剤を塗布して形成される塗膜は、焼成して硬化膜とすることができる。液晶配向剤を塗布した後の乾燥の工程は、必ずしも必要とされないが、塗布後から焼成までの時間が基板ごとに一定していない場合、又は塗布後ただちに焼成されない場合には、乾燥工程を行うことが好ましい。この乾燥は、基板の搬送等により塗膜形状が変形しない程度に溶媒が除去されていればよく、その乾燥手段については特に限定されない。例えば、温度40℃~150℃、好ましくは60℃~100℃のホットプレート上で、0.5分~30分、好ましくは1分~5分乾燥させる方法が挙げられる。
また、焼成して得られる液晶配向膜の厚みは特に限定されないが、好ましくは5~300nm、より好ましくは10~100nmである。
本発明の液晶表示素子は、上記の方法により、基板に液晶配向膜を形成した後、公知の方法で液晶セルを作製できる。液晶表示素子の具体例としては、対向するように配置された2枚の基板と、基板間に設けられた液晶層と、基板と液晶層との間に設けられ本発明の液晶配向剤により形成された上記液晶配向膜とを有する液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。具体的には、本発明の液晶配向剤を2枚の基板上に塗布して焼成することにより液晶配向膜を形成し、この液晶配向膜が対向するように2枚の基板を配置し、この2枚の基板の間に液晶で構成された液晶層を挟持し、すなわち、液晶配向膜に接触させて液晶層を設け、液晶配向膜及び液晶層に電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射することで作製される液晶セルを具備する垂直配向方式の液晶表示素子である。
透過型の液晶表示素子の場合は、上記の如き基板を用いることが一般的であるが、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならばシリコンウエハー等の不透明な基板も用いることが可能である。その際、基板に形成された電極には、光を反射するアルミニウムの如き材料を用いることもできる。
「アミンの合成」
この合成で使用した分析装置および分析条件は、下記のとおりである。
(1H-NMRの測定)
装置:Varian NMR System 400NB(400MHz)(Varian製)
測定溶媒:CDCl3(重水素化クロロホルム),DMSO-d6(重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド)
基準物質:TMS(テトラメチルシラン)(δ:0.0ppm,1H),CDCl3(δ:77.0ppm,13C)
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):8.01-7.97(m,2H),7.16-7.11(m,2H),3.55-3.48(m,1H),1.23-1.21(m,6H).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):8.23-8.18(m,2H),7.12-7.08(m,2H),2.02(s,6H).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):7.42-7.39(m,2H),7.06-7.02(m,2H),3.17(t,3H),1.51(s,3H),0.97(s,3H).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):8.62-8.58(m,2H),7.08-7.04(m,2H),3.67(t,4H),2.55(t,4H),1.29(s,6H).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):8.55-8.51(m,2H),6.83-6.80(m,2H),3.68-3.66(m,4H),3.32-3.29(m,4H),3.02-2.99(m,4H),2.56-2.54(m,4H),1.29(s,6H).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):8.73(d,1H),8.57(d,1H),8.29(dd,1H),7.13(d,1H),6.81(d,2H),3.69-3.66(m,4H),3.60-3.57(m,4H),3.49-3.46(m,4H),2.56(t,4H),1.23(s,6H).
1H-NMR(CDCl3,δppm):8.73(d,1H),8.57(d,1H),8.29(dd,1H),7.13(d,1H),6.81(d,2H),3.69-3.66(m,4H),3.60-3.57(m,4H),3.49-3.46(m,4H),2.56(t,4H),1.23(s,6H).
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
BODA:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
3-AMP:3-ピコリルアミン
3-AMPDA:3,5-ジアミノ-N-(ピリジン-3-イルメチル)ベンズアミド
装置:センシュー科学社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC-7200)、
カラム:Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約9000,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、および、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学社製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS混合品)1.0mlを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液をNMR測定器(JNW-ECA500、日本電子データム社製)にて500MHzのプロトンNMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。なお下記式において、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミック酸のNH基のプロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
BODA(1.30g、5.2mmol)、3AMPDA(0.63g、2.6mmol)、DA-1(2.20g、5.2mmol)、及びDA-2(1.98g、5.2mmol)をNMP(22.8g)中で溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させたのち、CBDA(1.50g、7.7mmol)とNMP(7.6g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
得られたポリイミド粉末(A)(3.0g)にNMP(22.0g)を加え、70℃にて20時間攪拌して溶解させた。この溶液に3AMP(1質量%NMP溶液)3.0g、NMP(2.0g)、BCS(20.0g)を加え、室温で5時間攪拌することにより液晶配向剤(A1)を得た。
実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A1)を用いて下記に示すような手順で液晶セルの作製を行った。実施例1で得られた液晶配向剤(A1)を、画素サイズが100μm×300μmでライン/スペースがそれぞれ5μmのITO電極パターンが形成されているITO電極基板のITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、200℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
また、液晶配向剤(A1)を電極パターンが形成されていないITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで90秒乾燥させた後、200℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
結果を表に示す。
まず、バックライト、クロスニコルの状態にした一組の偏光版、光量検出器の順で構成される測定装置において、一組の偏光版の間に液晶セルを配置した。このときライン/スペースが形成されているITO電極のパターンがクロスニコルに対して45°の角度になるようにした。そして、上記の液晶セルに電圧±7V、周波数1kHzの矩形波を印加し、光量検出器によって観測される輝度が飽和するまでの変化をオシロスコープにて取り込み、電圧を印加していない時の輝度を0%、±7Vの電圧を印加し、飽和した輝度の値を100%として、輝度が10%から90%まで変化するのにかかる時間を応答速度とした。
「プレチルト角の測定」
名菱テクニカ製LCDアナライザーLCA-LUV42Aを使用した。
BODA(1.3g、5.2mmol)、3AMPDA(0.63g、2.6mmol)、PDA(0.56g、5.2mmol)、及びDA-2(1.98g、5.2mmol)をNMP(17.9g)中で溶解し、60℃で5時間反応させたのち、CBDA(1.48g、7.5mmol)とNMP(6.g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。
このポリアミック酸溶液(25g)にNMPを加え6.5質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(4.64g)、およびピリジン(1.44g)を加え、70℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(330ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(B)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は71%であり、数平均分子量は12000、重量平均分子量は32000であった。
液晶配向剤として液晶配向剤(B1)を用いた以外は実施例1と同様の操作を行い応答速度、プレチルト角を測定した。
グリシジルメタクリレート(GMA)(7.11g、50.0mmol)、及びメチルメタクリレート(MMA)(5.01g、50.0mmol)をNMP(116.4g)中に溶解し、ダイアフラムポンプで5分間脱気を行なった後、アゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)(0.82g、5.0mmol)を加え再び5分間脱気を行なった。この後60℃で30時間反応させGMAとMMAの1:1共重合体を得た。このポリマー溶液にブチルセロソルブ(BCS)(86.2g)を加え6質量%のポリメタクリレート溶液(C)を得た。このポリマーの数平均分子量は6800、重量平均分子量は10800であった。
この溶液(C)(10.0g)に対してDA-1(42.3mg、0.1mmol)を添加し溶解させポリメタクリレート溶液(C1)を得た。
上記で得られたポリメタクリレート溶液(C1)をITO電極基板のITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥することで、膜厚100nmのポリメタクリレート薄膜付きのITO電極基板を作製した。
この基板の膜面に対して、波長313nmのバンドパスフィルターを通した紫外線(UV)を3J/cm2照射し、140℃のホットプレートで5分間焼成を行った。続いて得られた基板をテトラヒドロフランに30秒間浸漬した後、純水で10秒間洗浄し、基板表面のポリメタクリレートが不溶化しているかどうかを目視にて判別した。
また、UV未照射および未焼成の塗布基板、UV照射のみの塗布基板、焼成のみの塗布基板をそれぞれ作製し、上記と同様の方法でポリメタクリレートが不溶化するかを判別した。評価結果を表2に示す。
DA-1を添加しなかった以外は実施例2と同様の操作を行いポリメタクリレートが不溶化するかを判別した。
DA-1の代わりにDA-2(38.1mg、0.1mmol)を添加した以外は実施例2と同様の操作を行いポリメタクリレートが不溶化するかを判別した。
また、比較例3や、実施例2のUV照射なしの場合、DA-1又はDA-2を添加しただけではポリメタクリレートは不溶化しないことが確認された。この場合では、窒素原子上の孤立電子対がベンゼン環によって非局在化していることや、側鎖の立体障害などによってジアミン部位の求核性が弱くポリマー中のグリシジル基を架橋させられないことを示している。
Claims (10)
- 請求項1又は2に記載のジアミン化合物を含有するジアミン成分と、テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とを反応させて得られるポリイミド前駆体及びそれをイミド化して得られるポリイミドからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種のイミド系重合体。
- 前記ジアミン成分が、式(1)で表されるジアミン化合物に加えて、下記式[2]で表されるジアミンを含有する請求項3に記載のイミド系重合体。
数8~22のアルキル基又は炭素数6~18のフッ素含有アルキル基を表す。) - 請求項3又は4に記載のイミド系重合体を含有する液晶配向剤。
- 光重合若しくは光架橋する基を有する重合性化合物を含有する請求項5に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項5又は6に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項7に記載の液晶配向膜を備える液晶表示素子。
- PSA方式の素子である請求項8に記載の液晶表示素子。
- 請求項3又は4に記載のイミド系重合体から得られる感光性材料。
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WO2020045549A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-30 | 2020-03-05 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
JPWO2020045549A1 (ja) * | 2018-08-30 | 2021-08-26 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
JP7371634B2 (ja) | 2018-08-30 | 2023-10-31 | 日産化学株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
CN114524772A (zh) * | 2022-02-28 | 2022-05-24 | 中国药科大学 | 一种含杂环串联类化合物及其制备方法与应用 |
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KR20180041750A (ko) | 2018-04-24 |
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CN108349917A (zh) | 2018-07-31 |
CN108349917B (zh) | 2022-03-22 |
TW201722923A (zh) | 2017-07-01 |
JP6881306B2 (ja) | 2021-06-02 |
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