WO2017030149A1 - オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔 - Google Patents
オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017030149A1 WO2017030149A1 PCT/JP2016/074027 JP2016074027W WO2017030149A1 WO 2017030149 A1 WO2017030149 A1 WO 2017030149A1 JP 2016074027 W JP2016074027 W JP 2016074027W WO 2017030149 A1 WO2017030149 A1 WO 2017030149A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- stainless steel
- steel foil
- orientation
- austenitic stainless
- plate thickness
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 150
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 58
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 42
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001887 electron backscatter diffraction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005121 nitriding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000682 scanning probe acoustic microscopy Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 general SUS304 Chemical compound 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002087 whitening effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012935 Averaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003486 chemical etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010894 electron beam technology Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940068105 nitrogen 99.9 % Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920006284 nylon film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005672 polyolefin resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002436 steel type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013585 weight reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
- C21D9/48—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals deep-drawing sheets
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- B21B1/40—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling foils which present special problems, e.g. because of thinness
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- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
- C21D8/0405—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing of ferrous alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/0447—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the heat treatment
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- C22C—ALLOYS
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an austenitic stainless steel foil.
- the present invention relates to an austenitic stainless steel foil having good formability even though the plate thickness is extremely thin.
- a foil made of stainless steel (stainless steel foil) having higher strength and rigidity than aluminum has attracted attention.
- stainless steel has a higher specific gravity than aluminum
- a stainless steel foil having an extremely thin plate thickness (for example, 60 ⁇ m or less) is required to be applied to a battery case required for downsized and lightweight electronic devices. Is done.
- a stainless steel foil that has a high workability while having a plate thickness of 60 ⁇ m or less, and can be uniformly formed even when formed into a square can shape, for example. It has been.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a stainless steel foil having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m or less. When it becomes an ultra-thin stainless steel foil, a void accompanied by a crack occurs in the rolling direction from the etching end face. Patent Document 1 discloses an invention in which the number of inclusions of 5 ⁇ m or more is limited in order to solve this problem.
- Patent Documents 2 to 4 are examples in which stainless steel foil is applied to a battery case.
- Patent Document 2 presses a stainless steel foil having a thickness of 20 to 100 ⁇ m
- Patent Document 3 presses a stainless steel foil having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m
- Patent Document 4 presses a stainless steel foil having a thickness of 40 to 150 ⁇ m. Examples of battery exterior materials are disclosed.
- ultra-thin stainless steel foil is not annealed after rolling, as it is for springs used in HDD (Hard Disk Drive) head suspensions.
- punching or etching is performed after heat treatment for improving the proof stress.
- the technique of Patent Literature 1 solves the technical problem that occurs during such etching processing.
- the battery case is formed by pressing an extremely thin stainless steel foil.
- press molding is divided into deep drawing molding and stretch molding.
- Deep drawing as typified by cylindrical deep drawing, undergoes deformation that undergoes tensile deformation in the inflow direction of the material and compression deformation in the width direction perpendicular to the inflow direction.
- the stretch forming is a forming in which biaxial tensile deformation occurs in a plane perpendicular to the sheet thickness direction of the foil (hereinafter also referred to as a rolling surface).
- a stainless steel foil that is processed to be stretched in any direction within the rolling surface has a rather good stretch formability in any direction, rather than showing a good stretch formability in a specific direction, that is, It is desired that the anisotropy is small and good stretch formability is exhibited.
- the present inventors have intensively studied.
- a conventional annealing process for example, bright annealing
- the stainless steel foil is formed. It has been found that the crystal grains become coarser and the orientation of these crystal grains accumulates in a specific crystal orientation. As the accumulation of crystal grain orientations in such a specific crystal orientation proceeds, the anisotropy of deformation with respect to stretch forming increases, making it difficult to uniformly form the stainless steel foil, and reducing the forming depth. it was thought.
- Patent Document 2 describes an example in which a stainless steel foil having a thickness of 20 to 100 ⁇ m is pressed and applied to a battery case.
- Patent Document 2 there is no problem recognition regarding the accumulation of crystal orientations. For this reason, the annealing temperature is high, the crystal orientation is accumulated, and the stainless steel foil of Patent Document 2 is considered to have a large deformation anisotropy with respect to the stretch forming.
- Patent Document 3 also describes an application example of a stainless steel foil having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m to a battery case.
- the stainless steel foil having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m is relatively thick, the workability is high, but the effect of increasing the battery capacity by reducing the case thickness is small.
- Patent Document 4 describes an example in which a stainless steel foil having a thickness of 40 to 150 ⁇ m is applied to a battery exterior material.
- the technique of Patent Document 4 suppresses generation of work-induced martensite during press working by nitriding the surface layer of a stainless steel foil.
- the press workability is improved because the surface unevenness formed by the processing-induced martensite transformation is suppressed and the surface smoothness is maintained.
- Patent Document 4 since the plate thickness of most examples is 100 ⁇ m, as described above, the effect of increasing the battery capacity by reducing the thickness cannot be expected. Moreover, although the example with a plate
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and is an austenitic stainless steel having high stretch formability and low deformation anisotropy with respect to stretch forming even if it is an ultrathin stainless steel foil having a thickness of 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the purpose is to provide a foil.
- the lower limit of the sheet thickness is not particularly limited, but the realistic limit value of the sheet thickness of the foil after rolling is about 5 ⁇ m. Therefore, the thickness of the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention is approximately 5 ⁇ m. The thickness is 5 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the present inventors have intensively studied and obtained the following knowledge.
- A In the austenitic stainless steel, the ratio of crystal grains oriented (accumulated) in a specific orientation is set to a specific range or less, that is, in the austenitic stainless steel, while reducing the dislocation density. By making the orientation of the crystal grains random, the anisotropy of deformation with respect to stretch forming is reduced, and the forming depth can be increased.
- A In order to reduce the dislocation density and randomize the crystal grain orientation, a large amount of dislocations that become nucleation sites during recrystallization and a strong reduction during rolling are introduced, and then annealing is performed to reduce the dislocation density.
- the number of crystal grains in the plate thickness direction is ensured to be 3 or more, thereby ensuring plastic deformability (for example, good stretch formability). Further, the lower limit of the number of crystal grains in the plate thickness direction may be determined according to the plate thickness.
- D) In order to suppress cutting (cracking) due to surface hardening, it is important to suppress nitriding of the surface layer as much as possible.
- E) By securing three or more crystal grains in the plate thickness direction and further by setting the nitrogen concentration of the surface layer to 1.0% by mass or less, resistance to electrolyte can be secured. That is, in order to improve the electrolytic solution resistance, it is important to suppress the rough surface of the stainless steel foil surface at the corner portion after press working and to maintain the adhesiveness with the resin film.
- An austenitic stainless steel foil having a plate thickness of 5 ⁇ m or more and 60 ⁇ m or less, The recrystallization rate of the stainless steel foil is 90% or more and 100% or less,
- the stainless steel foil has a crystal orientation area ratio within 10 ° from the ⁇ 112 ⁇ ⁇ 111> orientation and an orientation difference from the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 112> orientation within 10 ° within the measurement field of view.
- An austenitic system characterized in that the sum of the area ratio of the crystal orientation and the area ratio of the crystal orientation where the difference in orientation from the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001> orientation is within 10 ° is 20% or less Stainless steel foil.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to (1) wherein the plate thickness is 5 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to (1) or (2) which has three or more crystal grains in the plate thickness direction.
- an austenitic stainless steel foil having high stretch formability and low deformation anisotropy even with an ultrathin stainless steel foil having a plate thickness of 60 ⁇ m or less. It can.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention is suitable for a battery case or the like such as a lithium ion battery that is aimed at reduction in size and weight.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is made of austenitic stainless steel, but the austenitic stainless steel preferably has the composition range shown below.
- the composition range is mass%, C: 0.080% or less, Si: 2.0% or less, Mn: 2.0% or less, P: 0.045% or less, S: 0.030% or less, Ni : 5.0% to 11.0%, Cr: 15.0% to 20.0%, Mo: 0.30% or less, N: 0.05% or less, Cu: 0.50% or more. It contains 50% or less, and the balance consists of Fe and inevitable impurities.
- a commercially available austenitic stainless steel may be used as the austenitic stainless steel.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention has a plate thickness of 5 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the plate thickness is defined to be 60 ⁇ m or less.
- the plate thickness is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 40 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 25 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the plate thickness is not particularly limited, but a plate thickness of 5 ⁇ m may be set as the lower limit in consideration of the limit of the manufacturing technique. Even if the plate thickness is 5 ⁇ m, the effect of the present invention can be enjoyed.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention needs to have good stretch formability (plastic deformability). Specifically, since the structure after rolling is processed, lattice defects such as dislocations are accumulated, so that even if the crystal grains are fine, the dislocation density is high and hardened. For this reason, it is necessary to appropriately control the heat treatment conditions according to the material to recrystallize the structure to obtain a low dislocation density. In other words, since the recrystallized structure is formed by using the dislocation density as a driving force, it is possible to reduce the dislocation density in the recrystallized grains and suppress the coarsening of the recrystallized structure. Performance).
- An example of a method for measuring the dislocation density is an etch pit method, but quantitative measurement is difficult because it is affected by measurement conditions.
- the dislocation density can be directly measured by microscopic observation, the variation is large due to the observation visual field. Therefore, the present inventors have found that it is possible to grasp whether proper heat treatment has been performed by measuring the recrystallization rate, which is a characteristic value reflecting the dislocation density.
- the recrystallization rate can be calculated by (area of recrystallized crystal) / (observation area).
- the “area of the recrystallized crystal” can be obtained by observing an arbitrary cross section of the austenitic stainless steel foil with an optical microscope.
- the half width of the diffraction peak of the (220) plane obtained by X-ray analysis of the steel foil may be obtained and calculated. If the half width is 0.20 deg. Or less, the recrystallization rate is 90% or more. If it is 0.15 deg. Or less, the recrystallization rate is 95% or more. If it is 0.10 deg. Or less, the recrystallization rate is 100%. Can do.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention may have a recrystallization rate of 90% or more. If the recrystallization rate is 90% or more, the dislocation density is sufficiently low, and formability can be ensured. Preferably, the recrystallization rate is 95% or more. The recrystallization rate may be 100% as long as the texture described below satisfies the provisions of the present invention. That is, the entire austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention may be recrystallized.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention has a characteristic texture by further controlling the recrystallization process while keeping the recrystallization rate within the above range.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention has an area ratio of crystal orientation in which the orientation difference (deviation) from the ⁇ 112 ⁇ ⁇ 111> orientation is within 10 ° within the measurement field of view, and ⁇ 110 ⁇
- the total area ratio of crystal orientations whose orientation difference from ⁇ 112> orientation is within 10 ° and the area ratio of crystal orientations whose orientation difference from ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001> orientation is within 10 ° is 20%. It has the following texture.
- ⁇ 112 ⁇ , ⁇ 110 ⁇ , ⁇ 110 ⁇ planes indicate planes parallel to the rolling surface, and ⁇ 111>, ⁇ 112>, and ⁇ 001> directions are parallel to the rolling direction. Is shown. Further, the above three orientations are configured as an orientation group including crystallographically equivalent orientations.
- the ⁇ 112 ⁇ ⁇ 111> orientation is a so-called Copper orientation
- the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 112> orientation is a so-called Brass orientation
- the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001> orientation is a so-called Goss orientation. It is an azimuth.
- These three orientations are energetically superior orientations and are known as orientations that are preferentially accumulated (orientated) preferentially in the recrystallized texture of austenitic stainless steel.
- the proportion of crystal grains in which the orientation difference from these three orientations is oriented within 10 ° is small, and the orientation of the crystal grains in the structure is relatively random. Nevertheless, as described above, since the dislocation density is high, the moldability is poor. Therefore, the recovery of the structure and recrystallization are advanced by annealing treatment to lower the dislocation density. At this time, coarsening of crystal grains (grain growth) proceeds through recrystallization, and the proportion of crystal grains accumulated in the above three orientations, which are energy-dominant orientations, increases.
- the crystal grains are aligned in a specific orientation.
- the stainless steel foil when subjected to press working such as stretch forming, it shows good formability in an orientation that favors deformation (an orientation that tends to slip), but an orientation that is disadvantageous to deformation (an orientation that is unlikely to slip) Then, moldability may deteriorate.
- an orientation that shows sufficient elongation (deformation) when subjected to an overhang forming process that is stretched in any direction of the rolling surface, there is an orientation that shows sufficient elongation (deformation), while an orientation that is disadvantageous for deformation is the starting point. Breaking or the like may occur (deterioration of plastic deformability), and a desired forming depth may not be obtained. That is, anisotropy of deformation with respect to stretch forming occurs.
- the orientation of crystal grains in the texture after annealing and recrystallization is random.
- austenitic stainless steel it is easy to accumulate in the three orientations ⁇ 112 ⁇ ⁇ 111>, ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 112>, and ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001>.
- the total ratio of the area occupied by the crystal grains that can be judged to be present is 20% or less.
- the orientations of the regions where the orientation differences from the three orientations are not accumulated within 10 ° are crystal orientations that are more difficult to accumulate than the three orientations, and are not accumulated in a specific orientation. That is, with respect to an arbitrary crystal orientation X in which the orientation difference from the three orientations exceeds 10 °, the area ratio of the crystal orientation in which the orientation difference from X is within 10 ° is 20% or less.
- the crystal orientation within the orientation difference of 10 ° from the ⁇ 112 ⁇ ⁇ 111> orientation within the measurement field of view, the crystal orientation within the orientation difference of 10 ° from the ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 112> orientation, and ⁇ 110 ⁇ ⁇ 001>
- the total area ratio occupied by crystal orientations within an orientation difference of 10 ° from the orientation is preferably 15% or less, and more preferably 7% or less.
- the area ratio occupied by crystal orientations within an orientation difference of 10 ° from each of the above orientations is determined by using the electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) method to determine the crystal orientation at each measurement point.
- EBSD electron backscatter diffraction
- the measurement visual field is preferably an area of about 100 ⁇ 100 ⁇ m or more.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention preferably has three or more crystal grains in the plate thickness direction.
- the number of crystal grains in the plate thickness direction is calculated by measuring the crystal grain size in accordance with JIS G 0551 in any cross section in the plate thickness direction, calculating the average crystal grain size, and dividing the plate thickness by the average crystal grain size. The quotient can be used as the number of crystal grains in the plate thickness direction.
- the average crystal grain diameter may be calculated by measuring the crystal grain diameter on a plane orthogonal to the plate thickness direction.
- crystal grains at the center in the width direction of stainless steel foil position of 1/2 width from one end
- the middle of both ends and the center two positions of 1/4 width and 3/4 width from one end
- the number of crystal grains in the plate thickness direction of the stainless steel foil can be evaluated by counting the number of these and arithmetically averaging them.
- the number of crystal grains obtained in this way is 3 or more because the plastic deformability is improved and the stretch formability is improved.
- the number of crystal grains in the plate thickness direction is small, there is a high probability that crystal grains having orientations that do not satisfy the von Mises condition with respect to the deformation direction (crystal grains having inferior deformability) are arranged in the thickness direction. Then, since the crystal grains cannot follow the deformation of the entire foil at the time of press working, it becomes a starting point of breakage.
- the number of crystal grains in the plate thickness direction is preferably determined according to the plate thickness because the plastic deformability can be further secured. Since the deformation resistance increases as the plate thickness increases, the number of crystal grains is preferably increased as the plate thickness increases. Specifically, when the plate thickness is 15 ⁇ m or more, the number of crystal grains in the plate thickness direction is preferably 5 or more, and more preferably 10 or more when the plate thickness is 40 ⁇ m or more. Thereby, the plastic deformability can be further improved. In the case of an austenitic stainless steel foil having a plate thickness of less than 15 ⁇ m, the influence of the plate thickness on the number of crystal grains in the plate thickness direction is negligible.
- the upper limit of the number of crystal grains is not particularly limited. This is because the number of crystal grains in the thickness direction changes depending on the thickness of the austenitic stainless steel foil. If the number of crystal grains is 3 or more, the size of crystal grains (crystal grain size according to JIS G 0051 (hereinafter referred to as “crystal grain size” unless otherwise specified)) is particularly limited. do not do. This is because the multiple slip described above is determined not by the size of crystal grains but by the number of crystal grains in the thickness direction.
- the surface layer of the stainless steel foil is not nitrided.
- the surface layer is not nitrided means that the nitrogen concentration of the surface layer is 1.0 mass% or less.
- the surface layer is a thickness at which the oxygen concentration is half the peak value in the measurement by Auger electron spectroscopy, and the nitrogen concentration is an average concentration in the surface layer.
- the surface layer of the stainless steel foil is nitrided, the surface layer is hardened by nitridation when it is pressed, so it becomes the starting point of cutting, so the press formability decreases. End up.
- the nitrogen concentration in the above-mentioned range the surface layer can be deformed without causing a cut (crack), so that good press formability can be obtained. Therefore, the nitrogen concentration in the surface layer is preferably 1.0% by mass or less as described above without concentrating nitrogen in the surface layer of the stainless steel foil.
- the lower limit is equivalent to the nitrogen content evaluated for the entire stainless steel foil. That is, in the case of a steel type that does not contain nitrogen, such as general SUS304, the content level of nitrogen as an inevitable impurity becomes the lower limit.
- the nitrogen concentration of the surface layer of the stainless steel foil can be controlled to 1% by mass or less by setting the nitrogen concentration in the annealing atmosphere to 0.1% by volume or less.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention may be made into a laminated austenitic stainless steel foil by laminating (laminating) a resin film on the surface in the same manner as a normal laminated stainless steel foil.
- laminating the resin film By laminating the resin film, the corrosion resistance in the electrolytic solution can be improved, and the applicability to a battery case such as a lithium ion battery can be further enhanced.
- the lamination of the resin film may be performed on both surfaces of the stainless steel foil, or may be performed on either surface.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a technique in which a chromate treatment layer having a thickness of 2 to 200 nm is provided on at least one surface of a stainless steel foil, and a polyolefin-based resin containing a functional group having polarity is laminated on the surface. Yes.
- the resin after heat lamination may be made amorphous, and for this purpose, the cooling rate during heat lamination may be increased.
- the cooling rate in the range of 120 ° C. to 80 ° C. may be 20 ° C./s or more.
- the manufacturing process of the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention is substantially the same as the manufacturing process of a normal stainless steel foil. That is, the stainless steel strip is foil-rolled, then the surface is cleaned, final annealing is performed, and temper rolling (tension leveler) is performed as necessary to produce a stainless steel foil. It should be noted that the foil rolling process may be divided into a plurality of times (multi-stage rolling) according to the thickness of the stainless steel strip used for foil rolling, and intermediate annealing may be performed between the foil rolling processes. However, in order to obtain the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention, as described above, it is important to control the rolling reduction in the final foil rolling and the temperature in the final annealing.
- foil rolling In foil rolling, dislocations that serve as nucleation sites for recrystallization can be introduced into stainless steel by rolling under high pressure. The higher the rolling reduction, the more dislocations introduced. The dislocation density is controlled by the reduction ratio and the annealing treatment performed after rolling. Therefore, when foil rolling is performed twice or more, the final foil rolling, that is, the foil rolling immediately before the final annealing may be performed under high pressure.
- the rolling reduction in foil rolling before final annealing should be 30% or more. From the viewpoint of securing the dislocation density, it is preferably 40% or more, and more preferably 45% or more.
- Reduction ratio (sheet thickness before rolling ⁇ sheet thickness after rolling) / (sheet thickness before rolling)
- the upper limit of the rolling reduction is not particularly limited. However, theoretically, the rolling reduction rate cannot be 100%, so the practical upper limit of the rolling reduction rate is about 95%.
- the lower limit of the rolling reduction depends on the final thickness of the austenitic stainless steel foil, but is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 45% or more if possible.
- the material structure When performing foil rolling in a plurality of times, it is preferable to control the material structure even in intermediate foil rolling and subsequent intermediate annealing. In this case as well, it may be the same as the final foil rolling. That is, the rolling reduction in each foil rolling is preferably 30% or more. However, since the foil rolling immediately before the final annealing is important as described above, it is preferable to set the rolling reduction of the final foil rolling higher than the rolling reduction of the other foil rolling.
- Annealing after foil rolling plays an important role in reducing dislocation density and promoting recrystallization.
- the object is to reduce the dislocation density and advance recrystallization while suppressing grain growth and suppressing accumulation in a specific orientation. .
- the annealing temperature is set to 950 ° C. or higher and 1050 ° C. or lower. At 950 ° C. or lower, the dislocation density does not decrease, and the recrystallization rate becomes low. On the other hand, when the temperature exceeds 1050 ° C., the crystal becomes coarse and the orientation proceeds in any of the three orientations described above, so that good moldability cannot be obtained.
- the lower limit of the annealing temperature is preferably slightly higher than 950 ° C., desirably 960 ° C., more desirably 970 ° C.
- the upper limit of the annealing temperature is preferably slightly lower than 1050 ° C. and preferably 1040 ° C., more preferably 1030 ° C., from the viewpoint of suppressing the accumulation of crystal orientation.
- the time for holding the stainless steel foil at the above-described annealing temperature is 3 seconds or more and 30 seconds or less. If it is less than 3 seconds, the heat treatment becomes insufficient and recrystallization does not proceed sufficiently, and the recrystallization rate specified in the present invention cannot be obtained. On the other hand, if it exceeds 30 seconds, the recrystallized grains become coarse and the orientation proceeds in any of the three orientations described above, and good moldability cannot be obtained.
- the annealing atmosphere is a rare gas atmosphere such as hydrogen or argon so that the surface of the stainless steel foil is not nitrided. Although it is desirable that the annealing atmosphere does not contain nitrogen at all, nitrogen mixed unavoidably from the atmosphere is acceptable to some extent. In order to set the nitrogen concentration of the surface layer to 1.0% by mass or less, the nitrogen concentration in the annealing atmosphere may be 0.1% by volume or less.
- the conditions for intermediate annealing are not particularly defined, but are preferably 950 ° C. or higher and 1050 ° C. or lower. Since the crystal grain boundary is also a core of recrystallization and is preferably introduced before foil rolling, it is desirable to suppress the coarsening of the recrystallized grains by setting the temperature range as described above.
- an austenitic stainless steel foil having a thickness described in Table 1 is obtained by rolling commercially available SUS304 with a foil rolling machine under the rolling conditions described in Table 1. Manufactured.
- the rolling reduction is the rolling reduction in the cold foil rolling process immediately before the final annealing
- the finish annealing temperature is the temperature in the final annealing process to be applied after completion of the rolling process
- the holding time is the time for holding the stainless steel foil at the finishing annealing temperature.
- the annealing atmosphere was 0.1% by volume nitrogen-99.9% by volume hydrogen mixed gas.
- the recrystallization rate was measured by mirror polishing, etching with the cross section in the rolling direction as the observation surface, and observing the area of the recrystallized crystal grains in the range of the total plate thickness x 500 ⁇ m width, and (area of recrystallized crystal) / (observation It was obtained by calculating (Area).
- the texture of the stainless steel foil after finish annealing was measured by EBSD after polishing the surface of the foil by a chemical etching method or CP (Cross-section Polishing) method.
- EBSD EBSD after polishing the surface of the foil by a chemical etching method or CP (Cross-section Polishing) method.
- CP Cross-section Polishing
- the surface nitrogen concentration was measured by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES). Measurement was made from the stainless steel foil surface to a depth of 30 nm, and the average nitrogen concentration up to a depth at which the oxygen concentration was half the peak value was taken as the nitrogen concentration of the surface layer.
- AES Auger electron spectroscopy
- the number of crystal grains in the plate thickness direction is determined by measuring the crystal grain size in accordance with JIS G 0551 after cutting the test piece in the plate thickness direction, polishing the cross section, etching and then observing with a microscope. The diameter was calculated and taken as the quotient when the plate thickness was divided by the average crystal grain size.
- the area ratio of the crystal grains accumulated in each orientation is low, and as a result, when the plate thickness is less than 30 ⁇ m, the forming depth was 4.0 mm or more, and when the plate thickness was 30 ⁇ m or more, the molding depth was 4.5 mm or more.
- Comparative Example 5 in which the plate thickness was 30 ⁇ m or more, the finish annealing temperature was high, so that the recrystallization proceeded sufficiently, and the orientation of the recrystallized crystal grains was accumulated in each orientation while further grain growth. As a result, anisotropy of deformation occurred with respect to the stretch forming, and the forming depth became smaller than 4.5 mm.
- Example 4 and Comparative Example 2 having the same plate thickness were compared, it was confirmed that there was a difference of 0.3 mm or more with respect to the molding depth.
- This difference is very significant as shown below. That is, for example, when the stainless steel foil is applied to a battery case mounted on a small and light electronic device such as a smartphone, the thickness of the battery case is required to be about several mm. In such a situation, if the molding depth is increased by 0.3 mm or more, it corresponds to 10% or more of the thickness of the battery case, which greatly contributes to an increase in battery capacity. Therefore, the effect of the present invention is very large.
- the austenitic stainless steel foil according to the present invention can be applied to battery cases such as lithium ion batteries for small electronic devices.
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Abstract
Description
(ア)オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼において、特定の方位に配向している(集積している)結晶粒の割合を特定の範囲以下とすること、すなわち、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼において、転位密度を減少させつつ、当該結晶粒の方位をランダムにすることにより、張出し成形に対する変形の異方性が小さくなり、成形深さを大きくできる。
(イ)転位密度を減少させつつ、結晶粒の方位をランダムにするには、圧延時に強圧下して再結晶時に核生成サイトとなる転位を多く導入し、その後アニールを行って、転位密度を減少させて再結晶させつつ、再結晶した結晶粒を微細な状態に留める必要がある。
(ウ)好ましくは、板厚方向の結晶粒の数を3個以上確保することにより、塑性変形能(たとえば、良好な張出し成形性)が確保される。また、板厚に応じて板厚方向の結晶粒数の下限を決定しても良い。
(エ)表面硬化による切れ(割れ)を抑制するために、表層の窒化を極力抑制することが重要である。
(オ)板厚方向の結晶粒の数を3個以上確保し、さらに表層の窒素濃度を1.0質量%以下とすることにより、耐電解液性も確保できる。つまり、耐電解液性を向上するには、プレス加工後のコーナー部でのステンレス鋼箔表面の肌荒れを抑制し、樹脂皮膜との密着性を保つことが重要である。
(1)板厚が5μm以上60μm以下であるオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔であって、
前記ステンレス鋼箔の再結晶率が90%以上100%以下であり、
前記ステンレス鋼箔は、測定視野内において、{112}<111>方位からの方位差が10°以内である結晶方位の面積率と、{110}<112>方位からの方位差が10°以内である結晶方位の面積率と、{110}<001>方位からの方位差が10°以内である結晶方位の面積率の合計が20%以下である集合組織を有することを特徴とするオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔である。
(2)前記板厚が5μm以上25μm以下であることを特徴とする(1)に記載のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔である。
(3)板厚方向に結晶粒を3個以上有することを特徴とする(1)または(2)に記載のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔である。
(4)表層の窒素濃度が1.0質量%以下であることを特徴とする(1)から(3)のいずれかに記載のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔である。
(5)前記オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔の少なくとも一方の表面に樹脂フィルムが積層されていることを特徴とする(1)から(4)のいずれかに記載のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔である。
(1.オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔)
[ステンレス鋼の材質]
本発明に係るオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔は、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼から構成されていれば、特に制限されないが、オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼は以下に示す組成範囲を有していることが好ましい。当該組成範囲は、質量%で、C:0.080%以下、Si:2.0%以下、Mn:2.0%以下、P:0.045%以下、S:0.030%以下、Ni:5.0%以上11.0%以下、Cr:15.0%以上20.0%以下、Mo:0.30%以下、N:0.05%以下、Cu:0.50%以上2.50%以下を含有し、残部がFeおよび不可避的不純物からなる。上記のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼として、市販のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼を用いても良い。
本発明に係るオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔は、板厚が5~60μmである。当該ステンレス鋼箔を電池ケースに適用した場合の電池容量の増大効果を大きくするために、板厚は60μm以下に規定される。板厚は、好ましくは50μm以下、さらに好ましくは40μm以下、より好ましくは25μm以下である。また、板厚の下限は特に限定しないが、製造技術の限界を考慮すると板厚5μmを下限としてもよい。板厚が5μmであっても、本発明による効果は享受できる。
本発明に係るオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔は、良好な張出し成形性(塑性変形能)を有する必要がある。具体的には、圧延後の組織は加工を受けることにより、転位などの格子欠陥が蓄積しているため、結晶粒は微細であっても転位密度が高く、硬化している。そのため、熱処理条件を材料に応じて適正に制御して、組織を再結晶させ、低転位密度にする必要がある。すなわち、再結晶組織が転位密度を駆動力として形成されるために、再結晶粒内の転位密度を低減しつつ、再結晶組織の粗大化を抑制することで、良好な張出し成形性(塑性変形能)が確保される。
本発明に係るオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔は、再結晶率を上記の範囲内としつつ、さらに再結晶過程を制御することにより、特徴的な集合組織を有している。具体的には、本発明に係るオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔は、測定視野内において、{112}<111>方位からの方位差(ずれ)が10°以内である結晶方位の面積率と、{110}<112>方位からの方位差が10°以内である結晶方位の面積率と、{110}<001>方位からの方位差が10°以内である結晶方位の面積率との合計が20%以下である集合組織を有している。なお、上記の3つの方位において、{112}、{110}、{110}面は圧延面に平行な面を示し、<111>、<112>、<001>方向は圧延方向に平行な方向を示している。さらに、上記の3つの方位は、結晶学的に等価な方位を含む方位群として構成されている。
本発明に係るオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔は、板厚方向に結晶粒が3個以上存在することが好ましい。板厚方向の結晶粒数は、板厚方向の任意の断面において、結晶粒径をJIS G 0551に準拠して測定して平均結晶粒径を算出し、板厚を平均結晶粒径で割り算し、その商をもって板厚方向の結晶粒数とすることができる。なお、結晶粒が等軸粒である場合は、板厚方向に直交する面において結晶粒径を測定し、平均結晶粒径を算出してもよい。
上述したように、ステンレス鋼箔の表面を窒化した場合、特に板厚が薄くなると、窒化による表層の硬化に起因する種々の問題点が顕在化する。したがって、ステンレス鋼箔の表層は窒化していないことが望ましい。「表層が窒化していない」とは、表層の窒素濃度が1.0質量%以下であることを意味する。ここで、表層とはオージェ電子分光法による測定において、酸素濃度がピーク値の半分となる厚さであり、窒素濃度は、表層における平均の濃度である。
本発明に係るオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔は、通常のラミネートステンレス鋼箔と同様に、その表面に樹脂フィルムを積層(ラミネート)し、ラミネートオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔にしてもよい。樹脂フィルムを積層することにより、電解液中での耐食性を向上させることができ、リチウムイオン電池をはじめとする電池ケースへの適用性をいっそう高めることができる。
次に本発明に係るオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔の製造方法について説明する。
箔圧延において、強圧下圧延を行うことにより、ステンレス鋼中に再結晶の核生成サイトとなる転位を導入することができる。圧下率が高ければ高いほど、導入される転位は増加する。転位密度は、圧下率と、圧延後に施すアニール処理と、で合せて制御される。したがって2回以上の箔圧延を行なう場合は最終の箔圧延、つまり最終アニール直前の箔圧延を強圧下で行うとよい。
圧下率=(圧延前板厚-圧延後板厚)/(圧延前板厚)
箔圧延後のアニール(最終アニール)は、転位密度を減少させ、再結晶を進行させるための重要な役割を担う。本発明に係るオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔に関しては、前述したように、転位密度を減少させ、再結晶を進行させつつ、粒成長を抑制して特定の方位への集積を抑制することを目的としている。
ステンレス鋼箔を上述のアニール温度で保定する時間は、3秒以上30秒以下にする。3秒未満では、熱処理が不十分となり再結晶が十分に進まず、本発明で規定する再結晶率を得られない。一方、30秒を超えると再結晶粒が粗大化するとともに、上述した3つの方位のいずれかに配向が進み、良好な成形性を得ることができない。
アニール雰囲気は、ステンレス鋼箔の表面が窒化しないように、水素またはアルゴンなどの希ガス雰囲気にする。なお、アニール雰囲気中に窒素は全く含まれないことが望ましいが、大気中から不可避で混入する窒素はある程度許容できる。表面層の窒素濃度を1.0質量%以下にするためには、アニール雰囲気中の窒素濃度が0.1体積%以下であればよい。
複数回の箔圧延工程とする場合、中間アニールの条件については特に定めないが、950℃以上1050℃以下が望ましい。結晶粒界も再結晶の核となり、箔圧延前に多く導入されていることが望ましいので、上述の温度範囲とすることで再結晶粒の粗大化を抑制することが望ましい。
Claims (5)
- 板厚が5μm以上60μm以下であるオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔であって、
前記ステンレス鋼箔の再結晶率が90%以上100%以下であり、
前記ステンレス鋼箔は、測定視野内において、{112}<111>方位からの方位差が10°以内である結晶方位の面積率と、{110}<112>方位からの方位差が10°以内である結晶方位の面積率と、{110}<001>方位からの方位差が10°以内である結晶方位の面積率との合計が20%以下である集合組織を有することを特徴とするオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔。 - 前記板厚が5μm以上25μm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔。
- 板厚方向に結晶粒を3個以上有することを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔。
- 表層の窒素濃度が1.0質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔。
- 前記オーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔の少なくとも一方の表面に樹脂フィルムが積層されていることを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載のオーステナイト系ステンレス鋼箔。
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