WO2017016020A1 - 电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法及其装置 - Google Patents

电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法及其装置 Download PDF

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WO2017016020A1
WO2017016020A1 PCT/CN2015/088387 CN2015088387W WO2017016020A1 WO 2017016020 A1 WO2017016020 A1 WO 2017016020A1 CN 2015088387 W CN2015088387 W CN 2015088387W WO 2017016020 A1 WO2017016020 A1 WO 2017016020A1
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transient stability
synthesis
power
analysis
power grid
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French (fr)
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贾宏杰
赵帅
房大中
曾沅
孔祥玉
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Tianjin University
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Tianjin University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies
    • H02J3/0014—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies for preventing or reducing power oscillations in networks
    • H02J3/00144—Arrangements for handling faults or abnormalities, e.g. emergencies or contingencies for preventing or reducing power oscillations in networks using phasor measuring units [PMU]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2103/00—Details of circuit arrangements for mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J2103/30—Simulating, planning, modelling, reliability check or computer assisted design [CAD] of electric power networks
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/70—Smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the energy generation sector
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/22—Flexible AC transmission systems [FACTS] or power factor or reactive power compensating or correcting units
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S40/00—Systems for electrical power generation, transmission, distribution or end-user application management characterised by the use of communication or information technologies, or communication or information technology specific aspects supporting them
    • Y04S40/20—Information technology specific aspects, e.g. CAD, simulation, modelling, system security

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of power systems, in particular to a method and a device for simulating on-line analysis of transient stability of a power system, and particularly to a method and a device for online analysis of transient stability of a large power grid based on a wide-area measurement system.
  • the WAMS-based online transient stability analysis method generally uses the generator power angle data measured by the phase angle measurement unit (PMU) to judge the stability of the power system.
  • PMU phase angle measurement unit
  • analysis methods mainly include trajectory phase plane analysis based on transient energy function (TEF) and power-power angle curve analysis based on equal area law.
  • TEF transient energy function
  • This kind of analysis method has a small amount of calculation, and does not need offline data and power system model parameters. It can realize the stability of power system based on WAMS online, so it has good engineering application prospects.
  • the prior art adopts the homology equivalent method to equivalence and simplification of the external network, but the online dynamic equivalent process requires trajectory information of a long time window, and the calculation process is complicated, and the accuracy of the stability analysis is stable. It is affected by the homology equivalent method and the power system instability mode.
  • the invention provides a partition synthesis method and device for online analysis of power system transient stability.
  • the invention is implemented based on wide-area measurement system data, is not limited by power network structure, power system model and parameters, and has a simple calculation process.
  • the calculation results are highly accurate, as described below:
  • a partition synthesis method for on-line analysis of power system transient stability comprising the following steps:
  • the regional power grid transient stability analysis feature quantity is obtained based on the wide area measurement system through the regional power grid dispatch control center;
  • the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system eigenvectors are synthesized by the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system partition-synthesis theorem.
  • the dynamic response data includes: a power angle, a rotational speed, an angular acceleration, a rotor inertia constant, an electromagnetic power, and a mechanical power of the generator.
  • the feature quantity of the regional power grid transient stability analysis is:
  • the characteristics of the regional power grid transient stability analysis further include:
  • the sum vector of the angular sum of the inertia centers of all generators, the angular velocity sum, the angular acceleration and the composition In the regional power grid, the sum vector of the angular sum of the inertia centers of all generators, the angular velocity sum, the angular acceleration and the composition.
  • the feature quantity of the whole network transient stability analysis is:
  • the whole network inertial center motion feature vector is equal to the synthesis of the inertial center motion feature vector of each regional power grid.
  • step of synthesizing the eigenvectors of the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system of the whole network by using the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system partition-synthesis theorem is specifically:
  • the eigenvectors of the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system of the whole network are synthesized.
  • a zone synthesis device for online analysis of transient stability of a power system comprising:
  • the first obtaining module is configured to acquire the characteristic value of the regional power grid transient stability analysis based on the wide area measurement system according to the dynamic response data of the n k generator set in the actual running time of the power system;
  • a transmission module configured to transmit a transient stability analysis feature quantity of each regional power grid to a network-wide dispatching control center of the actual power grid;
  • a second acquiring module configured to acquire a feature quantity of the whole network transient stability analysis
  • the synthesis module is used to synthesize the eigenvectors of the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system of the whole network through the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system partition-synthesis theorem
  • the synthesis module includes:
  • the synthesis sub-module is used for synthesizing the feature vectors of the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system of the whole network through the whole network transient stability analysis feature quantity and the sum vector.
  • the invention is a practical method and device for large-area regional stability analysis suitable for wide-area measurement systems.
  • the invention is not limited by network structure, power system model and parameters, and can accurately obtain transient stability of the whole network. Analytical data; the invention does not need to dynamically equivalence and simplification of the regional power grid when judging the stability of the power system, thereby avoiding the calculation error caused by the equivalent method and having high accuracy, and the advantages of the present invention are as follows:
  • the present invention does not need to identify critical clusters, network equivalents or simplifications, and ensures that the transient stability identification calculation process is not implemented.
  • the calculation process of the invention is less, and is not limited by the network structure, the power system model and the parameters, and can realize the transient stability of the online system for analyzing the power system;
  • the invention can effectively improve the calculation speed of the transient stability analysis of the power system and reduce the data storage space, and has good practical engineering application prospects.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a data transfer and online stability analysis architecture based on a partition-synthesis analysis method
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for partition synthesis of online analysis of transient stability of a power system
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a partition synthesis device for online analysis of transient stability of a power system
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view of a synthesis module
  • Figure 5 is a topological structural diagram of a power system example in North China
  • Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the power angle trajectory curve of all generator sets of a power grid example system in North China;
  • Figure 7 (a) is a schematic diagram of the angular radius-projection angular velocity phase plane corresponding to the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Power Grid, the Shanxi Power Grid, and the Hebei South Network;
  • Figure 7(b) is a schematic diagram of the angular radius-projected angular velocity phase plane corresponding to the Inner Mongolia Power Grid and the North China Network.
  • 1 first acquisition module
  • 2 transmission module
  • a partition synthesis method for online analysis of power system transient stability includes the following steps:
  • the power system with n generators is divided into m regional power grids (A 1 , A 2 ... A k ... A m ), and the generators in each regional power grid are defined.
  • the dynamic response data specifically includes: a power angle ⁇ i (rad), a rotational speed ⁇ i (rad/s), and an angular acceleration a i (rad/s 2 ) of the generator i obtained by the phase angle measuring unit in the WAMS. , rotor inertia constant M i (s 2 /rad), electromagnetic power P ei (pu) and mechanical power P mi (pu).
  • the characteristics of regional power grid transient stability analysis are: for regional power grid A k with n k generators, the transient stability feature quantity includes: two-dimensional first-order adjoint system feature vector X k , regional power grid inertia center (COI)
  • the motion eigenvectors C k , X k [R k , ⁇ ⁇ , k , ⁇ s, k ] T ;
  • C k [ ⁇ COI, k , ⁇ COI, k , ⁇ COI, k ] T .
  • power transient stability analysis region feature amount further comprises: an angle with respect to all generators A k grid and the center of inertia of area, and angular velocity, and angular acceleration vector summation consisting of the region of the grid A k
  • R is the angular radius of the whole network power system, which is used to indicate the degree of generator angle swing in the power system;
  • ⁇ ⁇ is the projected angular velocity of the whole network, and the value of ⁇ ⁇ is equal to the derivative of the angular radius R to time t;
  • ⁇ s For the angular acceleration of the whole network, the value of ⁇ s is equal to the derivative of ⁇ ⁇ versus time t;
  • ⁇ COI , ⁇ COI and ⁇ COI represent the angle, angular velocity and acceleration of the inertial center of the whole network, respectively.
  • the parameter calculation process is the same as the area A k calculation method, and only the total number of generators is different, which is not described in detail in the embodiment of the present invention.
  • each region inertial center feature vector C k is synthesized into the whole network inertia center feature vector C.
  • the inertia center synthesis theorem of the whole network is: the whole network inertia center eigenvector C is equivalent to the synthesis of the inertial center motion eigenvector C k of each regional power grid, and satisfies the following formula:
  • M T,k represents the sum of the inertia constants of all generator rotors of the regional power grid A k
  • M T represents the sum of the inertia constants of the rotors of the whole network generator.
  • the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system partition-synthesis theorem is: the motion of the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system of the whole network is the motion X k eigenvector, the sum vector V k and the inertial center relative motion of the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system of each regional power grid.
  • the feature vector D k is synthesized.
  • the method is implemented in steps 101-105 to be free from network structure, power system model and parameters, and can accurately obtain the whole network transient stability analysis data.
  • FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 describe the scheme in Embodiment 1 in detail.
  • the partition synthesis method for online analysis of transient stability of the power system includes the following steps:
  • the power system with n generators is divided into m regional power grids (A 1 , A 2 ... A k ... A m ), and the generators in each regional power grid are defined.
  • M i represents the moment of inertia of the i-th generator.
  • the transient stability analysis feature quantity includes: an angle of the total generator in the regional power grid A k with respect to the inertial center of the region, an angular velocity sum, an angular acceleration, and a sum vector of the composition, Calculated by the following formula:
  • transient stability analysis feature quantities X k , C k , V k and M T,k of each regional power grid are transmitted to the network-wide dispatching control center of the actual power grid, so as to obtain the full-network transient stability analysis feature quantity.
  • the regional network inertia center feature vector C k is synthesized into the whole network inertia center feature vector C;
  • the whole network inertial center feature vector C is equivalent to the synthesis of the inertial center feature vector C k of each sub-region, and satisfies the following formula:
  • the motion eigenvector X of the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system of the whole network is synthesized by the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system motion X k eigenvectors, the sum vector V k and the inertial center relative motion eigenvector D k of each regional grid, and meets the following non- Linear formula:
  • D k [l k , ⁇ k , ⁇ k ] T , representing the motion eigenvector of the inertial center COI composed of the distance, velocity, and acceleration of the regional inertia center COI k to the inertial center COI of the whole network, calculated by the following formula :
  • the method achieves the limitation of the network structure, the power system model and the parameters through steps 201-206, and can accurately obtain the transient stability analysis data of the whole network.
  • a partition synthesis device for online analysis of power system transient stability see FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, the partition synthesis device includes:
  • the first obtaining module 1 is configured to obtain the required regional power grid transient stability analysis feature quantity based on the wide area measurement system according to the dynamic response data of the n k generator set in the actual running time of the power system. ;
  • the transmission module 2 is configured to transmit the transient stability analysis feature quantity of each regional power grid to the entire network dispatching control center of the actual power grid;
  • the second obtaining module 3 is configured to acquire a feature quantity of the whole network transient stability analysis
  • the synthesis module 4 is configured to synthesize the eigenvectors of the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system of the whole network by using the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system partition-synthesis theorem
  • the dynamic response data includes: a power angle, a rotational speed, an angular acceleration, a rotor inertia constant, an electromagnetic power, and a mechanical power of the generator.
  • the characteristics of the regional power grid transient stability analysis further include:
  • the sum vector of the angular sum of the inertia centers of all generators, the angular velocity sum, the angular acceleration and the composition In the regional power grid, the sum vector of the angular sum of the inertia centers of all generators, the angular velocity sum, the angular acceleration and the composition.
  • the inertial center motion feature vector of the whole network is equal to the synthesis of the motion center vector of the inertia center of each region.
  • the synthesizing module 4 includes:
  • the synthesis sub-module 41 is configured to synthesize the feature vector of the whole-network two-dimensional first-order adjoint system by analyzing the feature quantity and the sum vector through the whole network transient stability analysis.
  • modules and sub-modules can be implemented by a device having a computing function, such as a single-chip microcomputer or a PC.
  • a computing function such as a single-chip microcomputer or a PC.
  • the embodiment of the present invention does not limit the type and type of the device.
  • the device realizes the transient stability of the whole network accurately by the first acquisition module 1, the transmission module 2, the second acquisition module 3 and the synthesis module 4, which are not limited by the network structure, the power system model and the parameters. Sexual analysis data.
  • This example is simulated in North China Power Grid.
  • the network topology is shown in Figure 5.
  • the circle points represent the power system bus nodes, such as bus 1IFB51 and bus 1DFW51;
  • the solid line represents the transmission line, such as the line "1IFB51-1DFW51";
  • the wide-area measurement system data was simulated using an electromechanical transient simulation program with a simulation step size of 0.01 seconds.
  • the dynamic process of the power system is excited by a fault occurring on the inter-regional tie line, and the correctness and effectiveness of the method are verified by calculating the (R, ⁇ ⁇ ) phase plane of the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system.
  • the fault form is: "1IFB51-1DFW51" line is short-circuited at 0s three-phase, and the fault lasts for 0.14s.
  • Figure 6 shows the power angle trajectory of all generator sets after the grid fault. It can be seen from Figure 6 that the power system first appears interval instability after the fault is cleared, that is, the Inner Mongolia power grid is unstable relative to the main network, after Inner Mongolia The interior of the grid area is unstable.
  • the first step According to the geographical location and electrical connection relationship of the actual power grid, the North China Power Grid with 288 generators is divided into four regions (Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Power Grid, Shanxi Power Grid, Hebei South Network, Inner Mongolia Power Grid). The results of the division are shown in Figure 5. Each area is indicated by a dotted line, and the areas are connected by a number of tie lines. For example, between the Inner Mongolia Power Grid and the Beijing-Tianjin-Tang Power Grid, as shown in Figure 5, two transmission lines (line “1IFB51- 1DFW51" is connected to the line "1TGY51-1CPA51").
  • each region extracts the dynamic response data of the n k gensets monitored by the wide area measurement system at the actual time t of the power system, wherein the final generator power angle trajectory dynamic response data is shown in FIG. 6 .
  • the third step is to calculate the transient stability analysis feature quantity required in the area based on the wide area measurement system in the regional dispatch control center, and the calculation result is shown in Fig. 7(a) and Fig. 7(b). Further, the transient stability analysis feature quantity of each area is transmitted to the entire network dispatching control center of the actual power grid, and the feature quantity of the whole network transient stability analysis is obtained.
  • the fourth step using the inertia center synthesis theorem to synthesize the inertial center feature vector C k of each region into the whole network inertia center feature vector C, and use the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system partition-synthesis theorem to synthesize the two-dimensional first-order adjoint system feature vector of the whole network.
  • Fig. 7(b) The calculation results synthesized by the partition synthesis method are shown in Fig. 7(b), which is consistent with the dynamic response trajectory calculated by using all the generator data of the whole network, indicating the correctness and effectiveness of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7(a) the Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Power Grid, Shanxi Power Grid and Hebei South Network maintain the stability of their respective phase planes during the fault process, that is, the power angle transient stability;
  • the calculation results of Inner Mongolia Power Grid show that the power system is unstable. From the trajectory, it can be seen that the whole network generator is unstable first, that is, regional instability occurs. After that, the internal stability of the Inner Mongolia power grid is unstable.
  • the stability results of the phase plane analysis of Figures 7(a) and 7(b) are consistent with the generator power angle trajectory motion shown in Figure 6, indicating that the present invention can effectively achieve transient stability analysis.
  • Table 1 shows the calculation time required for the calculation of the combined calculation and the whole network generator data. It can be seen from Table 1 that the whole network calculation requires 0.1004s and the partition synthesis method only needs 0.0524s, and the synthesis algorithm It only requires 0.0062s. Thus, the present invention can effectively improve the calculation efficiency.
  • Table 2 shows the storage space comparisons required for synthetic calculations and network-wide generator data. Among them, considering the whole network calculation method, it is necessary to store ⁇ i , ⁇ i , P mi and P ei of each generator, and the partition calculation only needs to store X k , C k and V k . As can be seen from Table 2, the entire network calculation requires 10.547MB and the partition synthesis method requires only 337.5KB. Thus, the present invention can effectively reduce the space required for storing data.

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Abstract

一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法及其装置。该方法包括：根据发电机组在电力系统实际运行时刻的动态响应数据，通过区域电网的调度控制中心，基于广域测量系统获取所需的区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量；将各区域电网的暂态稳定分析特征量传输至实际电网的电全网调度控制中心，获取全网暂态稳定分析特征量；通过二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理，合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。该装置包括：第一获取模块（1）、传输模块（2）、第二获取模块（3）以及合成模块（4）。通过这些模块，实现了不受网络结构、电力系统模型和参数的限制，能够准确地获得全网暂态稳定性分析数据。该方法和装置能够有效提高电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的计算速度和降低数据存储空间。

Description

电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法及其装置 技术领域
本发明涉及电力系统领域，尤其涉及一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法及其装置，特别涉及一种基于广域测量系统的大电网暂态稳定在线分析的方法及其装置。
背景技术
基于离线数据的传统数字仿真方法和直接法在电力系统暂态稳定性分析领域已经得到广泛应用，但实际在线应用时，这些方法往往会受到元件模型及参数取值误差的影响。这些误差将会导致离线的数值仿真结果无法正确反映电力系统实际的动态过程。
随着广域测量系统(WAMS)的推广应用，基于WAMS实时测量数据进行电力系统在线暂态稳定分析与控制，受到越来越多关注。基于WAMS的在线暂态稳定分析方法，一般直接利用相角测量单元(PMU)所测量的发电机功角数据来判断电力系统稳定。目前，这类分析方法主要包括基于暂态能量函数(TEF)的轨迹相平面分析法和基于等面积法则的功率-功角曲线分析法。这类分析方法计算量较小，无需离线数据和电力系统模型参数，能够实现基于WAMS在线判断电力系统稳定性，因此具有良好的工程应用前景。
但是，这些分析方法在进行稳定性判别的过程中，均需获得全部发电机组的功角信息。在实际大电力系统中，考虑到WAMS数据采集频率高、数据量大的特点，实时获得全网发电机数据会影响数据传输环节和分析计算的效率。此外，多数局部故障只与相关发电机有关，实时获得的全网数据，必然存在大量冗余信息。
为解决这一问题，现有技术是采用同调等值方法，对外部网络进行等值和简化，但在线动态等值过程需要较长时间窗口的轨迹信息，且计算过程复杂，其稳定分析的精度受到同调等值方法和电力系统失稳模式的影响。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法及其装置，本发明基于广域测量系统数据实现，不受电力系统网络结构、电力系统模型以及参数限制，计算过程简单，计算结果精度较高，详见下文描述：
一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法，所述分区合成方法包括以下步骤：
根据nk台发电机组在电力系统实际运行时刻的动态响应数据，通过区域电网的调度控制中心，基于广域测量系统获取区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量；
将各区域电网的暂态稳定分析特征量传输至实际电网的全网调度控制中心，获取全网暂态稳定分析特征量；
通过二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理，合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。
其中，所述动态响应数据包括：发电机的功角、转速、角加速度、转子惯性常数、电磁功率和机械功率。
所述区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量为：
二维一阶伴随系统特征向量、区域电网惯性中心运动特征向量。
进一步地，所述区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量还包括：
区域电网内，由全部发电机惯性中心的角度和、角速度和、角加速度和组成的求和向量。
所述全网暂态稳定分析特征量为：
二维一阶伴随电力系统特征向量、全网惯性中心运动特征向量。
所述全网惯性中心运动特征向量等于各个区域电网惯性中心运动特征向量的合成。
进一步地，所述通过二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理，合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量的步骤具体为：
通过全网暂态稳定分析特征量、求和向量合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。
一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成装置，所述分区合成装置包括：
第一获取模块，用于根据nk台发电机组在电力系统实际运行时刻的动态响应数据，通过区域电网的调度控制中心，基于广域测量系统获取区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量；
传输模块，用于将各区域电网的暂态稳定分析特征量传输至实际电网的全网调度控制中心；
第二获取模块，用于获取全网暂态稳定分析特征量；
合成模块，用于通过二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理，合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。
所述合成模块包括：
合成子模块，用于通过全网暂态稳定分析特征量、求和向量合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。
本发明是一种适用于广域测量系统的大电网区域稳定性分析实用化方法及其装置，本发明不受网络结构、电力系统模型和参数的限制，能够准确地获得全网暂态稳定性分析数据；本发明在判别电力系统稳定性时无需对区域电网进行动态等值和简化，因而规避了等值方法带来的计算误差，具有较高的精确性，本发明的优点如下：
1、本发明无需鉴别临界机群、网络等值或简化，保证了暂态稳定性识别计算过程不受实 际电力系统复杂失稳模式的影响；
2、本发明的计算过程较少、且不受网络结构、电力系统模型和参数的限制，能够实现在线分析电力系统的暂态稳定性；
3、本发明能够有效提高电力系统暂态稳定性分析的计算速度和降低数据存储空间，具备良好的实际工程应用前景。
附图说明
图1为基于分区-合成分析方法的数据传递与在线稳定性分析架构示意图；
图2为一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法的流程图；
图3为一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成装置的结构示意图；
图4为合成模块的示意图；
图5为华北某电网算例系统拓扑结构图；
图6为华北某电网算例系统全部发电机组的功角轨迹曲线示意图；
图7(a)是京津唐电网、山西电网、河北南网对应的角半径-投影角速度相平面的示意图；
图7(b)是内蒙古电网、华北全网对应的角半径-投影角速度相平面的示意图。
附图中，各标号所代表的部件列表如下：
1：第一获取模块；            2：传输模块；
3：第二获取模块；            4：合成模块；
41：合成子模块。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面对本发明实施方式作进一步地详细描述。
实施例1
一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法，参见图1和图2，包括以下步骤：
101：按照实际电网的地理位置和电气接线关系，将具有n台发电机的电力系统划分为m个区域电网(A1,A2…Ak…Am)，并定义各区域电网内发电机数为nk,k＝1,2,…,m。
102：在区域电网Ak内，提取WAMS监测的nk台发电机组在电力系统实际运行时刻t的动态响应数据；
其中，动态响应数据具体包括：由WAMS中的相角测量单元测量获得的发电机i的功角δi(rad)、转速ωi(rad/s)、角加速度ai(rad/s2)、转子惯性常数Mi(s2/rad)、电磁功率Pei(p.u.) 和机械功率Pmi(p.u.)。
103：通过区域电网Ak的调度控制中心，动态响应数据，获取区域电网Ak内基于WAMS所需的暂态稳定分析特征量，并将各个区域电网的暂态稳定分析特征量传输至实际电网的全网调度控制中心，获取全网暂态稳定分析特征量；
其中，区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量为：对于含有nk台发电机的区域电网Ak，暂态稳定特征量包括：二维一阶伴随系统特征向量Xk、区域电网惯性中心(COI)运动特征向量Ck，Xk＝[Rk,ωθ,k,αs,k]T；Ck＝[δCOI,k,ωCOI,k,αCOI,k]T。
其中，Rk为区域电网Ak的角半径，用于表示发电机角摆开程度的大小；ωθ,k为区域电网Ak投影角速度，ωθ,k的值等于角半径Rk对时间t的导数；αs,k为区域电网Ak投影角加速度，αs,k的值等于ωθ,k对时间t的导数；δCOI,k、ωCOI,k和αCOI,k分别表示区域电网Ak惯性中心的角度、角速度和加速度。
此外，区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量还包括：区域电网Ak内全部发电机相对于区域电网Ak惯性中心的角度和、角速度和、角加速度和组成的求和向量
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000001
全网暂态稳定分析特征量为：对于含有n台发电机的电力系统，暂态稳定分析特征量包括：二维一阶伴随系统特征向量X、全网惯性中心特征向量C，X＝[R,ωθ,αs]T；C＝[δCOI,ωCOI,αCOI]T。
其中，R为全网电力系统角半径，用于表示电力系统中发电机角摆开程度的大小；ωθ为全网投影角速度，ωθ的值等于角半径R对时间t的导数；αs为全网投影角加速度，αs的值等于ωθ对时间t的导数；δCOI、ωCOI和αCOI分别表示全网惯性中心的角度、角速度和加速度。而参数计算过程与区域Ak计算方法相同，仅发电机总数不同，本发明实施例对此不做赘述。
通过惯性中心合成定理，将各个区域惯性中心特征向量Ck合成全网惯性中心特征向量C。全网惯性中心合成定理为：全网惯性中心特征向量C等同于各个区域电网惯性中心运动特征向量Ck的合成，且满足如下公式：
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000002
其中，MT,k表示区域电网Ak的全部发电机转子惯性常数之和，MT表示全网发电机转子惯性常数之和。
104：通过二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理，合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量；
二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理为：全网二维一阶伴随系统的运动X是由各区域电网二维一阶伴随系统运动Xk特征向量、求和向量Vk及惯性中心相对运动特征向量Dk合成。
105：判断电力系统实际运行时刻t，是否为电力系统暂态稳定分析的结束时刻tmax，如果是，则流程结束；如果否，令t＝t+Δt，执行步骤101继续提取WAMS数据，其中，Δt代 表广域测量系统的采样周期，结束时刻tmax根据实际应用中的需要进行设定，本发明实施例对此不做赘述。
本方法通过步骤101-步骤105实现了不受网络结构、电力系统模型和参数的限制，能够准确地获得全网暂态稳定性分析数据。
实施例2
结合具体的计算公式，图1、图2对实施例1中的方案进行详细描述，该电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法包括如下步骤：
201：按照实际电网的地理位置和电气接线关系，将具有n台发电机的电力系统划分为m个区域电网(A1,A2…Ak…Am)，并定义各区域电网内发电机数为nk,k＝1,2,…,m；
202：基于能够测量发电机组动态轨迹的PMU，在区域电网Ak中提取WAMS监测的nk台发电机组在电力系统实际运行时刻t的功角δi(rad)、转速ωi(rad/s)、角加速度ai(rad/s2)、转子惯性常数Mi(s2/rad)、电磁功率Pei(p.u.)和机械功率Pmi(p.u.)，i＝1,2,3…nk。
203：在区域电网Ak的调度控制中心内，计算区域电网Ak内基于WAMS的所需的暂态稳定分析特征量，包括：二维一阶伴随系统特征向量Xk、COI运动特征向量Ck以及求和向量Vk。
特征向量Xk和Ck分别利用下式进行计算：
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000004
其中，
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000005
Mi代表第i台发电机的转动惯量。
此外，暂态稳定分析特征量还包括：区域电网Ak内全部发电机相对于该区域惯性中心的 角度和、角速度和、角加速度和组成的求和向量，
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000006
由如下公式计算：
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000007
进一步，将各个区域电网的暂态稳定分析特征量Xk、Ck、Vk和MT,k传输至实际电网的全网调度控制中心，以便于获得全网暂态稳定分析特征量。
204：利用惯性中心合成定理，将各个区域电网惯性中心特征向量Ck合成全网惯性中心特征向量C；
全网惯性中心特征向量C等同于各个子区域惯性中心特征向量Ck的合成，且满足如下公式：
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000008
205：利用二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量；
全网二维一阶伴随系统的运动特征向量X是由各区域电网二维一阶伴随系统运动Xk特征向量、求和向量Vk及惯性中心相对运动特征向量Dk合成，并满足如下非线性公式：
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000009
其中，Dk＝[lk,ωk,αk]T，代表区域惯性中心COIk到全网惯性中心COI的距离、速度、和加速度组成的惯性中心COI的运动特征向量，由如下公式计算：
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000010
改写成矩阵形式，即：Dk＝Ck-C。
206：判断电力系统实际运行时刻t是否为电力系统暂态稳定分析的结束时刻tmax，如果是，则过程结束；如果否，令t＝t+Δt，执行步骤201继续提取广域测量系统数据。
本方法通过步骤201-步骤206实现了不受网络结构、电力系统模型和参数的限制，能够准确地获得全网的暂态稳定性分析数据。
实施例3
一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成装置，参见图3和图4，该分区合成装置包括：
第一获取模块1，用于根据nk台发电机组在电力系统实际运行时刻的动态响应数据，通过区域电网的调度控制中心，基于广域测量系统获取所需的区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量；
传输模块2，用于将各区域电网的暂态稳定分析特征量传输至实际电网的全网调度控制中心；
第二获取模块3，用于获取全网暂态稳定分析特征量；
合成模块4，用于通过二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理，合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。
其中，上述动态响应数据包括：发电机的功角、转速、角加速度、转子惯性常数、电磁功率和机械功率。
其中，区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量为：
二维一阶伴随系统特征向量、区域电网惯性中心运动特征向量；
进一步地，区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量还包括：
区域电网内，由全部发电机惯性中心的角度和、角速度和、角加速度和组成的求和向量。
其中，全网暂态稳定分析特征向量为：
二维一阶伴随电力系统特征向量、全网惯性中心运动特征向量。
其中，全网惯性中心运动特征向量等于各个区域电网惯性中心运动特征向量的合成。
进一步地，参见图4，合成模块4包括：
合成子模块41，用于通过全网暂态稳定分析特征量、求和向量合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。
具体实现时，上述模块、子模块均可以通过单片机、PC机等具有运算功能的器件实现，本发明实施例对器件的型号、类型不做限制。
本装置通过上述的第一获取模块1、传输模块2、第二获取模块3和合成模块4，实现了不受网络结构、电力系统模型和参数的限制，能够准确地获得全网的暂态稳定性分析数据。
实施例4
下面结合具体实例来介绍本发明的操作流程和实际效果。本实例在华北电网进行仿真分析，其网络拓扑示意图如图5所示，圆圈点代表电力系统母线节点，如母线1IFB51和母线1DFW51；实线代表输电线路，如线路“1IFB51-1DFW51”；空心箭头代表电力系统潮流流向。广域测量系统数据利用机电暂态仿真程序模拟，仿真步长为0.01秒。本实例通过一个发生在区域间联络线上的故障激发电力系统的动态过程，并通过计算二维一阶伴随系统的(R,ωθ)相平面来验证本方法的正确性和有效性。其故障形式为：“1IFB51-1DFW51”线路在0s三相短路，故障持续0.14s。图6所示为该电网故障后全部发电机组的功角轨迹，从图6中可以看出，电力系统在故障清除后首先出现了区间失稳，即内蒙古电网相对于主网失稳，之后内蒙古电网区域内部失稳。
首先，结合图5至图7(a)、7(b)介绍本发明的计算过程：
第一步：按照实际电网的地理位置和电气接线关系，将具有288台发电机的华北电网划分为4个区域(京津唐电网、山西电网、河北南网、内蒙古电网)。划分结果如图5所示，各区域用虚线标示，区域间由若干联络线连接而成，例如，图5中标示的内蒙古电网与京津唐电网之间通过两条输电线路(线路“1IFB51-1DFW51”和线路“1TGY51-1CPA51”)相连接。
第二步：各个区域提取广域测量系统监测的nk台发电机组在电力系统实际时刻t的动态响应数据，其中，最终的发电机功角轨迹动态响应数据如图6所示。
第三步：在区域调度控制中心中，计算基于广域测量系统的区域内所需的暂态稳定分析特征量，计算结果如图7(a)、7(b)所示。进一步，将各个区域的暂态稳定分析特征量传输至实际电网的全网调度控制中心，获取全网暂态稳定分析特征量。
第四步：利用惯性中心合成定理将各个区域惯性中心特征向量Ck合成全网惯性中心特征向量C，利用二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。
采用分区合成方法合成的计算结果如图7(b)所示，其与采用全网全部发电机数据计算获得的动态响应轨迹保持一致，表明了本发明的正确性和有效性。此外，从图7(a)可以看出，京津唐电网、山西电网、河北南网在故障过程中均保持了各自相平面的稳定，即功角暂态稳定性；而全网计算结果和内蒙古电网计算结果表明电力系统出现了失稳现象，从轨迹中可以看出全网发电机先失稳，即出现了区域失稳；之后，内蒙古电网内部出现失稳。图7(a)、7(b)相平面分析的稳定性结果与图6所示的发电机功角轨迹运动过程相一致，表明本发明能够有效实现暂态稳定性的分析。
然后，结合表1和表2介绍本发明在计算效率和存储效率方面的特点：
表1华北电网计算效率比较
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000011
表2华北电网存储效率比较
Figure PCTCN2015088387-appb-000012
表1所示为采用合成计算和全网发电机数据分别计算所需的计算时间，从表1中可以看出，全网计算需要0.1004s而采用分区合成方法计算仅需要0.0524s，而合成算法本身仅仅需要0.0062s。由此可见，本发明能够有效地提高计算效率。
表2所示为采用合成计算和全网发电机数据分别需要的存储空间比较。其中，考虑全网计算方法需要存储每一台发电机的δi,ωi,Pmi和Pei，而分区计算仅需要存储Xk,Ck和Vk。从表2中可以看出，全网计算需要10.547MB而采用分区合成方法计算仅需要337.5KB。由此可见，本发明能够有效地降低存储数据所需的空间。
本领域技术人员可以理解附图只是一个优选实施例的示意图，上述本发明实施例序号仅仅为了描述，不代表实施例的优劣。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法，其特征在于，所述分区合成方法包括以下步骤：
    根据nk台发电机组在电力系统实际运行时刻的动态响应数据，通过区域电网的调度控制中心，基于广域测量系统获取区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量；
    将各区域电网的暂态稳定分析特征量传输至实际电网的全网调度控制中心，获取全网暂态稳定分析特征量；
    通过二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理，合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法，其特征在于，所述动态响应数据包括：发电机的功角、转速、角加速度、转子惯性常数、电磁功率和机械功率。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法，其特征在于，所述区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量为：
    二维一阶伴随系统特征向量、区域电网惯性中心运动特征向量。
  4. 根据权利要求1或3所述的一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法，其特征在于，所述区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量还包括：
    区域电网内，由全部发电机惯性中心的角度和、角速度和、角加速度和组成的求和向量。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2或3所述的一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法，其特征在于，所述全网暂态稳定分析特征量为：
    二维一阶伴随电力系统特征向量、全网惯性中心运动特征向量。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法，其特征在于，所述全网惯性中心运动特征向量等于各个区域电网惯性中心运动特征向量的合成。
  7. 根据权利要求4所述的一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法，其特征在于，所述通过二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理，合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量的步骤具体为：
    通过全网暂态稳定分析特征量、求和向量合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。
  8. 一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成装置，其特征在于，所述分区合成装置包括：
    第一获取模块，用于根据nk台发电机组在电力系统实际运行时刻的动态响应数据，通过区域电网的调度控制中心，基于广域测量系统获取区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量；
    传输模块，用于将各区域电网的暂态稳定分析特征量传输至实际电网的全网调度控制中心；
    第二获取模块，用于获取全网暂态稳定分析特征量；
    合成模块，用于通过二维一阶伴随系统分区-合成定理，合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成装置，其特征在于，
    所述动态响应数据包括：发电机的功角、转速、角加速度、转子惯性常数、电磁功率和机械功率；
    所述区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量为：
    二维一阶伴随系统特征向量、区域电网惯性中心运动特征向量；
    所述区域电网暂态稳定分析特征量还包括：
    区域电网内，由全部发电机惯性中心的角度和、角速度和、角加速度和组成的求和向量。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的一种电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成装置，其特征在于，
    所述全网暂态稳定分析特征量为：
    二维一阶伴随电力系统特征向量、全网惯性中心运动特征向量；
    所述全网惯性中心运动特征向量等于各个区域电网惯性中心运动特征向量的合成；
    所述合成模块包括：
    合成子模块，用于通过全网暂态稳定分析特征量、求和向量合成全网二维一阶伴随系统特征向量。
PCT/CN2015/088387 2015-07-28 2015-08-28 电力系统暂态稳定性在线分析的分区合成方法及其装置 Ceased WO2017016020A1 (zh)

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