WO2017006988A1 - Unité de régulation et système de traitement des eaux usées - Google Patents

Unité de régulation et système de traitement des eaux usées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2017006988A1
WO2017006988A1 PCT/JP2016/070115 JP2016070115W WO2017006988A1 WO 2017006988 A1 WO2017006988 A1 WO 2017006988A1 JP 2016070115 W JP2016070115 W JP 2016070115W WO 2017006988 A1 WO2017006988 A1 WO 2017006988A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
membrane
air volume
air
value
differential pressure
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PCT/JP2016/070115
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
理 山中
卓巳 小原
直樹 川本
英明 小峰
正彦 堤
浩嗣 山本
昌大 木下
永江　信也
佑子 都築
Original Assignee
株式会社東芝
株式会社クボタ
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Priority claimed from JP2016041615A external-priority patent/JP6659404B2/ja
Application filed by 株式会社東芝, 株式会社クボタ filed Critical 株式会社東芝
Publication of WO2017006988A1 publication Critical patent/WO2017006988A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention relate to a wastewater treatment control device and a wastewater treatment system.
  • Dirty water flowing through the sewer pipe is supplied to the aeration tank through the screen, the sand basin, and the first sedimentation basin.
  • Organic substances in sewage are decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by heterotrophic bacteria that are a kind of microorganisms contained in activated sludge in the aeration tank.
  • the ammonia component in the sewage is decomposed into nitric acid and water by nitrifying bacteria (nitrite bacteria and nitrate bacteria) which are a kind of microorganisms contained in the activated sludge in the aeration tank. Through these degradation reactions, heterotrophic bacteria and nitrifying bacteria each grow.
  • the treated water after organic substances and ammonia in the sewage are decomposed and removed is separated from the activated sludge by a separation membrane placed in the aeration tank. Solid components in the activated sludge cannot pass through the separation membrane, and only treated water passes through the separation membrane. The treated water that has passed through the separation membrane is discharged from the aeration tank.
  • TMP Trans Membrane Pressure
  • the membrane differential pressure required to obtain the same treated water discharge flow rate gradually increases.
  • an aeration unit for air-cleaning the separation membrane is provided in the aeration tank below the separation membrane.
  • the amount of air supplied from the air diffuser is adjusted by PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control based on the difference value between the target value of the membrane differential pressure and the actual measurement value. Note that the target value of the membrane differential pressure is set to a value that increases linearly with the passage of time.
  • the membrane differential pressure has a small change at the initial stage of use of the separation membrane, and tends to increase rapidly when the membrane differential pressure exceeds a predetermined value (for example, 10 [kPa]). For this reason, if the target value of the membrane differential pressure is set to a value that increases linearly with the passage of time, the actual membrane differential pressure may deviate greatly from the target value. If the difference between the actual membrane pressure difference and the target value is large, there is a possibility that the amount of air supplied to the separation membrane cannot be calculated appropriately.
  • a predetermined value for example, 10 [kPa]
  • the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wastewater treatment control device and a wastewater treatment system capable of reducing the difference between the actual membrane differential pressure of the separation membrane and the target value of the membrane differential pressure.
  • the wastewater treatment control apparatus of the embodiment has a target value acquisition unit, a predicted value acquisition unit, and an air volume control unit.
  • the target value acquisition unit is based on at least one of the initial value of the membrane differential pressure and membrane filtration resistance of the separation membrane that filters activated sludge, and the target value of the membrane differential pressure and membrane filtration resistance after the measurement of the initial value Get at least one of
  • the predicted value acquisition unit acquires at least one of the predicted value of the membrane differential pressure and the membrane filtration resistance after the measurement value is measured based on the measured value related to the clogging of the separation membrane.
  • the air volume control unit is configured to control the amount of air supplied from the aeration unit toward the separation membrane based on the target value acquired by the target value acquisition unit and the predicted value acquired by the predicted value acquisition unit. Control airflow.
  • the figure which shows the process implemented in the aeration tank 400 of 1st Embodiment. 1 is a block diagram of a sewage treatment system 10 according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a sewage treatment system 10 as a wastewater treatment system according to the first embodiment.
  • the sewage treatment system 10 includes a screen 100, a sand basin 200, an initial sedimentation basin 300, an aeration tank 400, and a treatment water tank 500.
  • the screen 100 removes large garbage (hair, toilet paper, etc.), pebbles, etc. from the sewage flowing into the sewage treatment system 10. Sewage discharged through the screen 100 flows into the sand basin 200.
  • the earth and sand that could not be removed by the screen 100 and the floating matter having a specific gravity larger than that of water are submerged in the bottom of the sand basin 200. Sediment or the like that sinks to the bottom of the sand basin 200 is removed by a dust remover.
  • the sewage discharged from the sand basin 200 without being removed by the dust remover first flows into the sedimentation basin 300.
  • Sediment that could not be removed by the sedimentation basin 200 such as sludge, having a specific gravity greater than that of water, is first submerged in the bottom of the sedimentation basin 300.
  • the sludge or the like that first sinks to the bottom of the sedimentation basin 300 is collected and removed by a scraper.
  • the sewage discharged from the sedimentation basin 300 without being removed by the scraper first flows into the aeration tank 400.
  • Air is blown into the activated sludge in the aeration tank 400.
  • organic matter and ammonia in the sewage are decomposed and removed.
  • the treated water in the activated sludge is discharged using a separation membrane. Details of the biochemical treatment performed in the aeration tank 400 will be described later with reference to FIG.
  • the sewage discharged through the separation membrane flows into the treated water tank 500.
  • a disinfectant such as sodium hypochlorite is introduced as necessary.
  • pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli are sterilized.
  • the treated water sterilized in the treated water tank 500 is discharged into a river or the sea. The above is the overall processing flow of the sewage treatment system 10.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a process performed in the aeration tank 400 according to the first embodiment.
  • the sewage discharged from the sedimentation basin 300 first flows into the aeration tank 400 through the flow path 401.
  • activated sludge in which aerobic microorganisms (heterotrophic bacteria, nitrifying bacteria, etc.) are activated is stored.
  • the blower 402 supplies air into the pipe 403.
  • the aeration unit 404 is an aeration apparatus that supplies the air that has passed through the pipe 403 to the activated sludge in the aeration tank 400. Thereby, the bubbles 405 are released into the activated sludge in the aeration tank 400.
  • the flow meter 406 measures the air volume of air supplied from the blower 402.
  • Organic substances in the sewage are decomposed by heterotrophic bacteria in the aeration tank 400.
  • the organic substance is glucose, as shown in the following chemical formula (1), the organic substance (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) is oxygen (O) contained in the air supplied from the aeration unit 404. 2 ) and is decomposed into carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and water (H 2 O).
  • the ammonia component in the sewage is decomposed by nitrifying bacteria (nitrite bacteria and nitrate bacteria) in the aeration tank 400.
  • nitrifying bacteria nitrite bacteria and nitrate bacteria
  • ammonium ions NH 4 +
  • oxygen O 2
  • H + Hydrogen ions
  • water H 2 O
  • the separation membrane 407 is soaked in the sewage in the aeration tank 400.
  • the separation membrane 407 is a porous flat membrane provided with a plurality of permeation channels having an average pore diameter of 0.4 [ ⁇ m], for example.
  • the size of the microorganisms contained in the activated sludge is about 1 [ ⁇ m] (bacteria) to several tens [ ⁇ m] (protozoa, etc.). For this reason, microorganisms contained in the activated sludge cannot pass through the separation membrane 407, and only clear treated water passes through the separation membrane 407.
  • the treated water that has passed through the separation membrane 407 flows through the pipe 409 when the suction pump 408 is driven.
  • the pipe 409 is provided with a pressure gauge 410 and a flow meter 411. Based on the measured value of the pressure gauge 410, the membrane differential pressure of the separation membrane 407 can be calculated.
  • the flow meter 411 measures the flow rate of treated water flowing through the pipe 409.
  • the blower 412 supplies air into the pipe 413.
  • the air diffuser 414 is an air diffuser that supplies air from the pipe 413 toward the separation membrane 407. Thereby, the bubbles 415 are released into the activated sludge in the aeration tank 400.
  • the air diffuser 414 discharges the bubbles 415 toward the separation membrane 407, whereby the surface of the separation membrane 407 is cleaned. Thereby, clogging of the separation membrane 407 is suppressed.
  • the flow meter 416 measures the air volume of air supplied from the blower 412.
  • the separation membrane 407 is cleaned with a chemical solution. Specifically, the inflow sewage into the aeration tank 400 is temporarily stopped. Thereafter, the separation membrane 407 is cleaned by injecting a chemical solution such as sodium hypochlorite or oxalic acid from the downstream side (secondary side) of the separation membrane 407. When the cleaning of the separation membrane 407 is completed, the membrane differential pressure of the separation membrane 407 is restored to near the initial value. The separation membrane 407 cleaned with the chemical solution is used again in the aeration tank 400.
  • a chemical solution such as sodium hypochlorite or oxalic acid
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of the sewage treatment system 10 of the first embodiment.
  • the sewage treatment system 10 includes a control device 450.
  • the control device 450 includes a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing ⁇ Unit) and a memory that stores a program executed by the processor.
  • a processor such as a CPU (Central Processing ⁇ Unit) and a memory that stores a program executed by the processor.
  • the control device 450 implements the functions of the target value acquisition unit 451, the air volume control unit 452, and the predicted value acquisition unit 453 by executing a program stored in the memory.
  • the target value acquisition unit 451, the air volume control unit 452, and the predicted value acquisition unit 453 may be hardware such as LSI (Large Scale Integration) or ASIC (Application Specific Specific Integrated Circuit).
  • the target value acquisition unit 451 calculates the target value TMPref (t) of the membrane differential pressure TMP (t) of the separation membrane 407 as a function of t by solving the differential equation of the following formula (3). Note that t represents time.
  • the blockage index k is a parameter representing the degree of blockage of the separation membrane 407.
  • the occlusion index k is a positive value.
  • the solution of Equation (3) is a function that increases the film differential pressure TMP (t) exponentially.
  • the value of the film differential pressure TMP (t) becomes a function that diverges infinitely in a certain finite time.
  • TMP 0 is an initial value of the membrane differential pressure TMP (t)
  • L is a maintenance cycle
  • TMPlim is an upper limit value of the membrane differential pressure TMP (t).
  • the initial value TMP 0 is measured by the pressure gauge 410.
  • the operator uses the input unit 460 such as a mouse or a keyboard to input the closing index k, the maintenance cycle L, and the upper limit value TMPlim.
  • the target value acquisition unit 451 calculates the parameter A in Expression (3) based on Expression (5) below.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the relationship between the film differential pressure and time in the first embodiment.
  • the initial value TMP 0 is the membrane differential pressure at the timing (T 0 ) immediately after the separation membrane 407 is washed with the chemical solution.
  • the maintenance cycle L is a cycle in which the separation membrane 407 is maintained (chemical solution cleaning). Specifically, the maintenance cycle L is the time from the timing (T 0 ) immediately after the chemical cleaning of the separation membrane 407 to the next chemical cleaning timing (Tlim).
  • the maintenance cycle L is set to 30 days, for example.
  • the upper limit value TMPlim is set to 20 [kPa], for example.
  • the pressure gauge 410 measures the initial value TMP 0 of the membrane differential pressure at the timing (T 0 ) when the filtration operation after the separation membrane 407 is washed with the chemical solution is resumed.
  • the pressure gauge 410 transmits the measured initial value TMP 0 to the target value acquisition unit 451 of the control device 450.
  • the operator inputs the closing index k, the maintenance cycle L, and the upper limit value TMPlim using the input unit 460 such as a mouse or a keyboard.
  • the input unit 460 transmits the input blocking index k, the maintenance cycle L, and the upper limit value TMPlim to the target value acquisition unit 451 of the control device 450.
  • the target value acquisition unit 451 calculates the parameter A using Equation (4) or Equation (5) based on the received initial value TMP 0 , blockage index k, maintenance cycle L, and upper limit value TMPlim.
  • the target value acquisition unit 451 calculates the target value TMPref (t) of the membrane differential pressure TMP (t) of the separation membrane 407 by solving the differential equation of Formula (3) using the calculated parameter A and the blockage index k. calculate.
  • the target value acquisition unit 451 uses the parameter A and the blocking index k based on Lp smaller than the maintenance cycle L and membrane pressure TMPmax smaller than the upper limit value TMPlim instead of the maintenance cycle L and the upper limit value TMPlim. May be calculated simultaneously.
  • the target value acquisition unit 451 may calculate TMPmax (10 [kPa]) instead of the upper limit value TMPlim (20 [kPa]). Further, the target value acquisition unit 451 may set a time Lp (20 days) until the membrane differential pressure TMP (t) reaches 10 [kPa] instead of the maintenance cycle L (30 days). As a result, the optimum parameter A and the blockage index k can be calculated simultaneously using the equations (3) to (5). On the other hand, in this method, it is difficult to obtain analytical solutions such as Equations (4) and (5), and therefore parameter A and blockage index k are calculated by numerical search.
  • the value of k can be searched for by the following procedure.
  • the target value acquisition unit 451 solves the simultaneous equations of Equation (5) for the combination of (L and TMPlim) and the combination of (Lp and TMPmax).
  • a search method an appropriate search algorithm such as a Newton method can be used.
  • a method such as finding k that satisfies ⁇ A2
  • k setting method when a prediction model of formulas (9) and (10) to be described later is constructed, k that most closely matches the past actual data is obtained by searching, and the value is calculated by formula. It can also be adopted as k of the target curve of the target value acquisition unit 451 of (3) to (5).
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 calculates the predicted value TMPhat (t) of the membrane differential pressure TMP (t) of the separation membrane 407 as a function of t by solving the following mathematical formula (6).
  • the flux J (t) is the amount of treated water that passes through the separation membrane 407 per unit area per unit time at time t.
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 calculates the flux J (t) by dividing the flow rate Q 1 (t) measured by the flow meter 411 by the membrane area Ma of the separation membrane 407.
  • Equation (6) is obtained by eliminating R (t) from the following equations (7) and (8) and defining the coefficient of TMP (t) k as Am (t).
  • ⁇ is the viscosity coefficient
  • J (t) is the flux
  • R (t) is the membrane filtration resistance
  • f (X) is the membrane filtration resistance. It is a factor to make.
  • f (X) is proportional to the flux J (t) or proportional to the water quality concentration c ⁇ flux J (t).
  • Expression (9) is an expression in which the parameter A in Expression (3) is replaced with the parameter Am (t).
  • the parameters Am (t) included in the prediction models of Equation (6) and Equation (9) are, as shown in Equation (10), coefficient a 1 , coefficient a 2 , flux X 1 (t), and air volume X. 2 Calculated based on (t).
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 uses the aforementioned flux J (t) as the flux X 1 (t). Further, the predicted value acquisition unit 453 uses the air volume Q 2 (t) received from the flow meter 416 as the air volume X 2 (t).
  • X 2 (t) is the air volume supplied from the blower 412, but X 2 (t) may be the air magnification of the air supplied from the blower 412.
  • the air magnification means the ratio of the amount of air sent to the aeration tank 400 to the amount of sewage flowing into the aeration tank 400.
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 solves the differential equation of Equation (6) using the calculated parameter Am (t), the flux J (t), and the blockage index k, whereby the membrane pressure difference TMP ( The predicted value TMPhat (t) of t) is calculated.
  • the air volume control unit 452 controls the air volume of the blower 412 based on the target value TMPref (t) calculated by the target value acquisition unit 451 and the predicted value TMPhat (t) calculated by the predicted value acquisition unit 453. . This point will be described in detail below.
  • the air volume control unit 452 calculates a difference E (t) between the target value TMPref (t) and the predicted value TMPhat (t) based on Expression (11).
  • the air volume control unit 452 performs PI (Proportional-Integral) control on the blower 412 using the calculated difference E (t). Specifically, the air volume control unit 452 calculates the operation amount u (t) of the blower 412 based on Expression (12). Kp is a proportional gain in PI control. Ki is an integral gain in PI control. Tnow is the current time. Tp is the elapsed time from the current time Tnow. For example, Tp is set to 1 day (24 hours).
  • PI Proportional-Integral
  • the target value TMPref (t) of the membrane differential pressure is indicated by a thick solid line.
  • the actually measured value TPMact (t) of the membrane differential pressure is indicated by a thin solid line.
  • the predicted value TMPhat (t) of the film differential pressure after the current time Tnow is indicated by a broken line.
  • the target value of the membrane differential pressure and the actual measured value of the membrane differential pressure are both equal to TMPnow.
  • a difference E (t) is generated between the target value TMP 1 and the predicted value TMP 2 at time Tnext after Tp has elapsed from the current time Tnow. Therefore, the air volume control unit 452 calculates the operation amount u (t) of the blower 412 based on the difference E (t) between the target value TMPref (t) and the predicted value TMPhat (t). Since the air volume control unit 452 controls the blower 412 using two parameters (proportional gain Kp and integral gain Ki), parameter adjustment can be performed easily and simply.
  • the air volume control unit 452 performs PI control, PID (Proportional-Integral-Derivative) control may be performed. In this case, since the air volume control unit 452 calculates the operation amount u (t) of the blower 412 in consideration of the differential value of the difference E (t), more stable control can be performed.
  • PID Proportional-Integral-Derivative
  • FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the processing of the target value acquisition unit 451 in the first embodiment. This flowchart is executed by the target value acquisition unit 451 when the filtration operation is resumed after the separation membrane 407 is cleaned with the chemical solution.
  • the target value acquisition unit 451 receives the initial value TMP 0 of the membrane differential pressure from the pressure gauge 410 (step S10). Next, the target value acquisition unit 451 determines whether or not the closing index k, the upper limit value TMPlim, and the maintenance cycle L are input by the operator (step S11). The operator inputs these values using the input unit 460.
  • the target value acquisition unit 451 determines the parameter A based on the above-described equation (4) or equation (5). Is calculated (step S12). Thereafter, the target value acquisition unit 451 calculates the target value TMPref (t) of the film differential pressure by solving the differential equation of the above-described mathematical expression (3) (step S13). The target value acquisition unit 451 stores the calculated target value TMPref (t) in the memory in the control device 450, and ends the processing according to this flowchart.
  • FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the processing of the predicted value acquisition unit 453 in the first embodiment.
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 receives the treated water flow rate Q 1 (t) from the flow meter 411 (step S20).
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 receives the air volume Q 2 (t) of the blower 412 from the flow meter 416 (step S21).
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 calculates the flux J (t) by dividing the flow rate Q 1 (t) by the membrane area Ma of the separation membrane 407 (step S22). Thereafter, the predicted value acquisition unit 453 calculates the parameter Am (t) based on the above mathematical formula (10) (step S23).
  • the flux X 1 (t) in Equation (10) is the flux J (t)
  • the air volume X 2 (t) is the air volume Q 2 (t) received in step S21.
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 calculates the predicted value TMPhat (t) of the membrane differential pressure by solving the differential equation of the above formula (6) (step S24).
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 stores the calculated predicted value TMPhat (t) in the memory in the control device 450, and ends the processing according to this flowchart.
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing processing of the air volume control unit 452 in the first embodiment.
  • the air volume control unit 452 reads the target value TMPref (t) calculated by the target value acquisition unit 451 in step S13 of FIG. 5 from the memory in the control device 450 (step S30).
  • the air volume control unit 452 reads the predicted value TMPhat (t) calculated by the predicted value acquisition unit 453 in step S24 of FIG. 6 from the memory in the control device 450 (step S31).
  • the air volume control unit 452 calculates a difference E (t) between the target value TMPref (t) and the predicted value TMPhat (t) based on the above equation (11) (step S32).
  • the air volume control unit 452 calculates the operation amount u (t) of the blower 412 based on the above equation (12) using the calculated difference E (t) (step S33).
  • the air volume control unit 452 controls the air volume of the blower 412 based on the calculated operation amount u (t) (step S34).
  • the air volume control unit 452 ends the process according to this flowchart.
  • the air volume control unit 452 supplies the air supplied from the air diffuser 414 toward the separation membrane 407 based on the difference E (t) between the target value TMPref (t) and the predicted value TMPhat (t). To control the airflow. Thereby, the difference between the actual membrane differential pressure of the separation membrane 407 and the target value TMPref (t) can be reduced, and the amount of air supplied to the separation membrane 407 can be calculated appropriately.
  • the aeration tank 400 may be a biological treatment tank structure for carrying out A2O (Anaerobic Anoxic Oxic) in which a separation membrane 407 is installed.
  • the biological treatment tank has an anaerobic region in which neither oxygen (O 2 ) nor bound oxygen (NO 3 etc.) exists, an anoxic region in which oxygen does not exist but bound oxygen exists, and oxygen exists. You may divide
  • a separation membrane 407 may be installed in a biological treatment tank structure for carrying out an AO (Anaerobic Oxic) method, a circulating nitrification denitrification method, and a flocculant addition method.
  • AO Anaerobic Oxic
  • the air volume control unit 452 performs PI control or PID control.
  • the air volume control unit 452 performs rule-based control. Specifically, the air volume control unit 452 controls the air volume of air supplied by the blower 412 in a stepwise manner with reference to the table TB. A change value ⁇ u (t) of the operation amount of the blower 412 is set in the table TB.
  • the air volume control unit 452 needs to reduce the air volume of the blower 412. For this reason, when the predicted value TMPhat (t) is smaller than the target value TMPref (t) of the membrane pressure difference TMP (t), the change value ⁇ u (t) set in the table TB is a negative value.
  • the air volume control unit 452 needs to increase the air volume of the blower 412. For this reason, when the predicted value TMPhat (t) is larger than the target value TMPref (t) of the membrane pressure difference TMP (t), the change value ⁇ u (t) set in the table TB is a positive value.
  • the table TB is set so that the change value ⁇ u (t) of the operation amount of the blower 412 becomes larger as the difference E (t) between the target value TMPref (t) and the predicted value TMPhat (t) is larger.
  • the air volume control unit 452 performs PI control, PID control, or rule-based control.
  • the air volume control unit 452 performs extreme value control.
  • the extreme value control is a control for expressing efficiency, profit, loss, etc. imposed on the system as one evaluation function and maintaining the value of the evaluation function at the maximum or minimum.
  • the air volume control unit 452 performs extreme value control using the evaluation function EV shown in Expression (13).
  • Tnow is the current time
  • Tp is the elapsed time from the current time Tnow.
  • Tp is set to 1 day (24 hours).
  • the evaluation function EV is the sum of squares of prediction errors from the current time Tnow to the time point when Tp has elapsed.
  • the air volume control unit 452 performs extreme value control so as to minimize the evaluation function EV.
  • the extreme value control is control for searching for the optimum operation amount so that the evaluation function is minimized while increasing or decreasing the operation amount (the air volume of the blower 412) in a predetermined cycle. Therefore, the air volume control unit 452 automatically searches for the optimum air volume of the blower 412 while increasing or decreasing the air volume of the blower 412 at a predetermined cycle.
  • the air volume control unit 452 can calculate the evaluation function EV using one integrator. For this reason, the air volume control unit 452 can be realized using a simple controller such as a PLC controller. Even in the case of adopting the present embodiment, the air volume determined by the extreme value control is not maintained at a constant value during a predetermined control period, but the average value during the control period becomes the determined air volume. Thus, the blower 412 can be controlled in a vibration manner with a shorter period.
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 calculates the parameter Am (t) based on the flux X1 (t) and the air volume X2 (t), as shown in Equation (10).
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 uses not only the flux X 1 (t) and the air volume X 2 (t) but also the measured values other than these to further improve the parameter Am (t). Calculate well.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the sewage treatment system 10 of the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, the thermometer 417 is connected to the air volume control unit 452. The thermometer 417 is a sensor for measuring the water temperature Te (t) in the aeration tank 400. The thermometer 417 transmits the measured water temperature Te (t) to the air volume control unit 452.
  • the parameters Am (t) included in the prediction models of the equations (6) and (9) include coefficients a 1 to a 3 , a flux X 1 (t), and an air volume X 2 ( t) and the water temperature X 3 (t).
  • the water temperature X 3 (t) is the water temperature Te (t) in the aeration tank 400 measured by the thermometer 417.
  • the parameter Am (t) can be calculated with high accuracy. For this reason, the difference between the target value TMPref (t) of the membrane differential pressure and the predicted value TMPhat (t) of the membrane differential pressure can be further reduced.
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 may calculate the parameter Am (t) based on Expression (15) in order to calculate the parameter Am (t) more accurately.
  • n is an integer of 4 or more.
  • a 1 ⁇ a n is a coefficient
  • X 1 (t) ⁇ X n (t) is a plurality of measurement values relating to the clogging of the separation membrane 407.
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 generates time series data for a predetermined period from the past operation data of the variable TMP predicted as the variables X 1 (t) to X n (t) that cause clogging of the separation membrane. And apply one of the coefficients a 1 to a by applying one of the least square method, partial least square method, total least square method, generalized least square method, regularized least square method, support vector regression, and fit vector regression n is determined.
  • the plurality of measured values X 1 (t) to X n (t) include various measured values in addition to the flux X 1 (t), the air volume X 2 (t), and the water temperature X 3 (t).
  • the plurality of measured values X 1 (t) to X n (t) are at least one of MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solid) concentration, auxiliary air diffusion amount, coagulant injection amount, circulation pump flow rate, and return pump flow rate. May be included.
  • a plurality of measured values X 1 (t) to X n (t) are the dissolved oxygen concentration of wastewater or treated water, ORP (Oxidation-Reduction Potential), pH, EEM (Excitation Emission Matrix), absorbance, BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TOC (Total Organic Carbon), at least one of ammonia concentration, nitric acid concentration, phosphoric acid concentration, total nitrogen concentration, total phosphorus concentration, soluble COD concentration, and soluble BOD concentration May be included.
  • the plurality of measurement values X 1 (t) to X n (t) may include a composite variable obtained by performing four arithmetic operations on variables representing these measurement values.
  • the predicted value acquisition unit 453 provides various measured values as well as the flux X 1 (t) of the treated water flowing through the pipe 409 and the air volume X 2 (t) of the air supplied by the blower 412.
  • the predicted value TMPhat (t) of the membrane differential pressure is calculated using this.
  • the actual membrane differential pressure of the separation membrane 407 can be made closer to the target value TMPref (t), and the amount of air supplied to the separation membrane can be calculated appropriately.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing processing performed in the aeration tank 400 of the fifth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 9, the aeration tank 400 of the present embodiment does not include the blower 412, the pipe 413, the air diffuser 414, and the flow meter 416.
  • the separation membrane 407 is washed with air supplied from the aeration unit 404. Therefore, the predicted value acquisition unit 453 calculates the predicted value TMPhat (t) based on the flow meter 406 instead of the flow meter 416.
  • the air volume control unit 452 controls the air volume of the blower 402 instead of the blower 412.
  • the blower 412, the pipe 413, the aeration unit 414, and the flow meter 416 are not arranged in the aeration tank 400, and air for the aeration unit 404 to clean the separation membrane 407 is used. It was decided to supply. Thereby, cost reduction of the sewage treatment system 10 can be achieved.
  • the air volume control unit 452 performs PI control or PID control.
  • the sewage treatment system 10 newly includes a blower control unit 417 that calculates the operation amount V (t) based on the operation amount u (t) calculated by the air volume control unit 452.
  • the blower control unit 417 (aeration control unit) controls the blower 412.
  • the operation amount of a predetermined air volume is calculated by PI or PID calculation, and the valve and the rotation speed of the blower 412 are operated by another PI control so as to supply the air volume by the calculated air volume operation amount.
  • Cascade control is performed (see, for example, FIG. 10).
  • the operation amount u (t) of the air volume calculated by the air volume control calculation by the PI (D) control of the upper (air volume control unit 452 in FIG. 10) is lower (in FIG. 10).
  • the control target value for the PI (D) control of the blower control unit 417) is maintained at a constant value during the control cycle (Tc_up) of the upper control.
  • increasing the air flow change (dispersion) increases the shearing force applied to the membrane surface, which may be preferable for suppressing fouling. Therefore, in the sixth embodiment, the operation amount u (t) of the air volume is changed in a vibration manner in a cycle shorter than the upper control cycle (Tc_up), and the operation amount V ( Control is performed so that t) coincides with the operation amount u (t) of the air volume calculated by the higher-level PI (D) control.
  • the operation amount V (t) of the air volume is vibrated at a period equal to or higher than the lower control period (Tc_cn), and the amplitude of the vibration is determined according to the load on the blower 412. By performing such control, fouling can be more efficiently suppressed. Details will be described below.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the sewage treatment system 10 of the sixth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 6, the configuration differs from that shown in FIG. 3 in that the sewage treatment system 10 is provided with a blower control unit 417. Since other configurations are the same as those in FIG. 3, the blower control unit 417 will be described. Note that the blower control unit 417 may be provided in the control device 450. The blower control unit 417 controls the blower 412 based on the operation amount u (t) calculated by the air volume control unit 452. A specific operation of the blower control unit 417 will be described with reference to FIG.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining the operation of the blower control unit 417 in the sixth embodiment.
  • T1 represents the control period of the air volume control unit 452
  • a1 represents the manipulated variable u (t).
  • a1 is the operation amount u (t) calculated by the air volume control unit 452 using the above equation (12). That is, the operation amount u (t) is calculated at the control cycle T1. Therefore, the blower control unit 417 calculates an operation amount V (t) in which the operation amount of the average air volume matches the operation amount u (t) during the control period T1 based on the operation amount u (t).
  • the blower control unit 417 manipulates the operation amount V (t) so as to vibrate at a cycle shorter than the control cycle T1 of the air volume control unit 452 and the control cycle T2 of the operation end (valve, rotation speed) of the blower 412. Is calculated.
  • the manipulated variable V (t) is a2 in FIG.
  • FIG. 11 shows a configuration in which control is performed at a constant control cycle T2, the blower control unit 417 may perform control at irregular control cycles.
  • the blower control unit 417 calculates that the manipulated variable V (t) is different in the period equal to or greater than the control period T2 if the manipulated variable of the average air volume matches the manipulated variable u (t) during the control period T1. Alternatively, it may be calculated so that a part thereof is different.
  • the operation amount is not constant within the control period of the air volume control unit 452, is less than the control period of the air volume control unit 452, and the operation end (valve, rotation speed) of the blower 412 that performs air volume control. Control is performed by oscillating at a cycle equal to or greater than the control cycle Tc_cn. Therefore, fouling can be suppressed more efficiently.
  • the air volume control unit 452 performs PI control on the blower 412 using the difference E (t) calculated based on the above equation (11).
  • the air volume control unit 452 controls the blower 412 by operating in a control mode determined according to the absolute value error and the current control mode of the air volume control unit 452.
  • the air volume control unit 452 has a normal control mode and a constant air volume control mode.
  • the normal control mode is a mode in which the blower 412 is controlled with the operation amount u (t) calculated by the above equation (12) as in the first embodiment.
  • the constant air volume control mode is a mode in which the blower 412 is controlled with the operation volume of the air volume fixed. The operation amount used in the constant air volume control mode may be set in advance.
  • the air volume control unit 452 in the seventh embodiment determines a control mode based on the control mode determination table shown in FIG. 12, and operates in the determined control mode.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a specific example of the control mode determination table. As shown in FIG. 12, information on the control mode for each combination of the magnitude of the absolute value error and the current control mode is registered in the control mode determination table. For example, in the control mode determination table shown in FIG. 12, when the absolute value error is greater than or equal to the threshold value TH1 (absolute value error ⁇ TH1) and the current control mode is the normal control mode, switching to the constant air volume control mode is performed. Is represented.
  • the air volume control unit 452 determines its own control mode as the constant air volume control mode, and performs control by switching the control mode. Further, it is shown that the constant air volume control mode is maintained when the absolute value error is equal to or greater than the threshold value TH1 (absolute value error ⁇ TH1) and the current control mode is the constant air volume control mode. That is, in this case, the air volume control unit 452 determines its own control mode as the constant air volume control mode, and performs control while maintaining the control mode.
  • the absolute stationary error is an absolute value error between the target value TMPref (t) obtained from the target value obtaining unit 451 and the predicted value TMPhat (t) obtained from the predicted value obtaining unit 453.
  • the normal variation range of the error around the target value is represented by, for example, standard deviation ⁇
  • X ⁇ (k ′ ⁇ k) is preferable.
  • the operation amount u (t) of the fixed air amount in the constant air amount control mode is set to a value that is somewhat higher, assuming a safe side when the input changes suddenly and a large amount of cleaning air is required. It is preferable.
  • the air volume control unit 452 determines the control mode according to the absolute value error and the current control mode, and performs control in the determined control mode. Therefore, it can respond according to the situation.
  • the constant air volume control is divided into an air volume constant control having a value higher than the set value and an air volume constant control having a value lower than the set value.
  • the air volume control unit 452 may be configured to determine the control mode according to the above conditions. An example will be described. In the control mode determination table shown in FIG. 12, the absolute value error is greater than or equal to the threshold value TH1 (absolute value error ⁇ TH1), the current control mode is the normal control mode, and the absolute value error is the target value TMPref (t).
  • the air flow control unit 452 switches to the air flow constant control mode having a value lower than the set value after separately diagnosing and confirming that the individual sensor of the input variable is not an abnormal value.
  • the absolute value error is greater than or equal to the threshold value TH1 (absolute value error ⁇ TH1)
  • the current control mode is the normal control mode
  • the absolute value error is the target value TMPref (t )
  • the air volume control unit 452 switches to the air volume constant control mode having a value higher than the set value.
  • the blower 412 is controlled, but in many MBR processes, the air volume control (auxiliary aeration control) by the blower 402 for performing biological treatment and the air volume control for cleaning the MBR process film (
  • the operation of the air volume control unit 452 in each of the above embodiments corresponds to the operation of the cleaning aeration control.
  • the main purpose of the cleaning aeration is to clean the membrane, but the cleaning aeration also serves as an oxygen supply for performing the biological treatment, and the supply of oxygen necessary for the biological treatment is often insufficient only with the amount of the cleaning air. Therefore, supplemental aeration compensates for oxygen supply shortage.
  • the purpose is to supply the cleaning air volume that is the minimum necessary from the viewpoint of membrane cleaning.
  • the air volume required for the film cleaning is extremely small, it is sufficient to perform biological treatment with only auxiliary aeration. Oxygen supply may not be possible.
  • the eighth embodiment addresses the above problem.
  • the air volume control unit 452 calculates a difference value of the operation amount of the air volume based on a plurality of control methods, and controls the air volume using any of the calculated difference values.
  • a plurality of control methods there are a normal control method and a density maintenance control method.
  • the normal control method is a method of calculating the operation amount u (t) by the above equation (12) as in the first embodiment.
  • the concentration maintenance control method is a method of calculating the operation amount by the same calculation method as that of auxiliary aeration in order to maintain the DO concentration target value.
  • the amount of oxygen required for biological treatment is usually managed by the dissolved oxygen concentration (DO concentration).
  • DO concentration dissolved oxygen concentration
  • the quality of treated water for example, ammonia concentration may be used for management.
  • the DO concentration is often controlled in terms of the DO concentration necessary to maintain the predetermined ammonia concentration, but in this embodiment, the required oxygen amount is the DO concentration or ammonia concentration. It is assumed that it is managed by some kind of index.
  • the DO concentration is measured by a sensor (not shown).
  • a case where the required acid amount is managed by DO concentration will be described as an example as a method adopted by many processing facilities.
  • the DO concentration target value is given by the operator, and the blower 402 corresponding to the auxiliary aeration is controlled by the PI (D) control or the like.
  • the air volume control unit 452 is in a control mode (DO mode) that maintains the DO concentration, which is a mode different from the normal operation mode (normal control mode). Control mode).
  • DO mode a control mode that maintains the DO concentration
  • normal control mode a mode different from the normal operation mode
  • Control mode This control can be easily realized by normal PI (D) control.
  • the timing for returning from the DO control mode to the normal control mode is also important. This is because, if the cleaning aeration control is controlled for the purpose of supplying the oxygen amount necessary for biological treatment, a rapid increase in the membrane differential pressure is allowed depending on conditions.
  • the air volume control unit 452 calculates the cleaning aeration control in the normal control mode in parallel when operating in the DO control mode, and the operation amount of the air volume calculated thereby is the DO control mode. When the operation amount of the air volume calculated when operating is reduced, the air volume necessary for the original film cleaning can be supplied by returning to the normal control mode.
  • FIG. 13 is a flowchart showing the processing of the air volume control unit 452 in the eighth embodiment. It is assumed that the DO target value and the DO measurement value are input to the control device 450 at the start of the processing in FIG.
  • the air volume control unit 452 calculates the operation amount QB1 of the cleaning air volume by the normal control method, and calculates a difference value ⁇ QB1 from the previously determined operation amount of the air volume (step S60).
  • the operation amount QB1 of the cleaning air amount corresponds to the operation amount u calculated by the above equation (12).
  • the air volume control unit 452 calculates the operation amount QB2 of the cleaning air volume by the same method as the auxiliary aeration, and calculates a difference value ⁇ QB2 from the previously determined operation amount of the air volume (step S61).
  • the air volume control unit 452 determines whether or not the blower 412 has the maximum output and the difference value between the DO target value and the DO measurement value is equal to or greater than a threshold value (step S62).
  • a threshold value a threshold value
  • the air volume control unit 452 then adds the calculated ⁇ QB to the previously determined air volume operation amount to determine the current cleaning air volume operation amount (step S64).
  • the air volume control unit 452 controls the blower 412 based on the determined operation amount of the cleaning air volume.
  • step S62 NO
  • the air volume control unit 452 sets ⁇ QB to ⁇ QB1 (step S65). . Thereafter, the air volume control unit 452 executes the process of step S64.
  • step S63 the configuration in which the process of step S63 is executed when the blower 412 has the maximum output and the difference value between the DO target value and the DO measurement value is greater than or equal to the threshold value is shown.
  • step S63 is performed. You may be comprised so that a process may be performed.
  • the air volume control unit 452 that controls the air volume of air, the difference between the actual membrane differential pressure of the separation membrane 407 and the target value TMPref (t) can be reduced.
  • TMP membrane differential pressure may be replaced with membrane filtration resistance.
  • membrane filtration resistance cannot generally be measured directly, it is known that it is represented by the formula (16) as a general formula.
  • Equation (16) TMP is a membrane differential pressure [kPa]
  • ⁇ is a viscosity coefficient [kPa / d]
  • J is a flux [m / d]
  • R is a membrane filtration resistance [1 / m]
  • P is a power constant.
  • the power constant P is usually an adjustment parameter set between 1 and 2.
  • the control device 450 functioning as a flux calculating unit calculates the flux J by dividing the value of the flow meter 411 (the amount of membrane filtered water) by the membrane area. Since continuous measurement is possible, assuming that the viscosity coefficient ⁇ is constant, a value obtained by dividing the membrane differential pressure TMP by the power of the flux J corresponds to the membrane filtration resistance R.
  • the control device 450 functioning as a membrane filtration resistance calculation unit calculates the membrane filtration resistance R based on the measured values of the membrane differential pressure TMP and the flux J.
  • B is a constant.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'invention concerne une unité de régulation du traitement des eaux usées comportant une unité d'acquisition de valeur cible, une unité d'acquisition de valeur prédite, et une unité de régulation du volume d'air. Sur la base d'une valeur initiale au moins de la pression transmembranaire et/ou de la résistance d'un filtre à membrane pour membrane de séparation servant à la filtration des boues activées, l'unité d'acquisition de valeur cible acquiert une valeur cible pour ladite au moins pression transmembranaire et/ou résistance du filtre à membrane après mesure des valeurs initiales. L'unité d'acquisition de valeur prédite acquiert une valeur prédite pour ladite au moins pression transmembranaire et/ou résistance du filtre à membrane après mesure des valeurs initiales en fonction des valeurs mesurées se rapportant à l'encrassement de la membrane de séparation. L'unité de régulation du volume d'air régule le volume d'air de l'air insufflé vers la membrane de séparation à partir d'un diffuseur d'air en fonction de la valeur cible acquise par l'unité d'acquisition de valeur cible et de la valeur prédite acquise par l'unité d'acquisition de valeur prédite.
PCT/JP2016/070115 2015-07-07 2016-07-07 Unité de régulation et système de traitement des eaux usées WO2017006988A1 (fr)

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JP2020199472A (ja) * 2019-06-12 2020-12-17 東芝インフラシステムズ株式会社 膜処理制御システム及び膜処理制御方法
CN113651402A (zh) * 2021-08-31 2021-11-16 哈尔滨天达控制股份有限公司 一种水处理加氯控制方法和装置

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JP2006255534A (ja) * 2005-03-15 2006-09-28 Kobelco Eco-Solutions Co Ltd ろ過膜の洗浄方法
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JP2000300968A (ja) * 1999-04-21 2000-10-31 Hitachi Plant Eng & Constr Co Ltd 膜濾過装置の運転方法
JP2006255534A (ja) * 2005-03-15 2006-09-28 Kobelco Eco-Solutions Co Ltd ろ過膜の洗浄方法
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2020199472A (ja) * 2019-06-12 2020-12-17 東芝インフラシステムズ株式会社 膜処理制御システム及び膜処理制御方法
JP7378972B2 (ja) 2019-06-12 2023-11-14 東芝インフラシステムズ株式会社 膜処理制御システム及び膜処理制御方法
CN113651402A (zh) * 2021-08-31 2021-11-16 哈尔滨天达控制股份有限公司 一种水处理加氯控制方法和装置
CN113651402B (zh) * 2021-08-31 2022-03-08 哈尔滨天达控制股份有限公司 一种水处理加氯控制方法和装置

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