WO2016204266A1 - 高分子フィルム及びそれを用いた癒着防止材 - Google Patents
高分子フィルム及びそれを用いた癒着防止材 Download PDFInfo
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- A61L31/00—Materials for other surgical articles, e.g. stents, stent-grafts, shunts, surgical drapes, guide wires, materials for adhesion prevention, occluding devices, surgical gloves, tissue fixation devices
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- C09D167/00—Coating compositions based on polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polymer film and an adhesion preventing material using the same.
- biodegradable film a film made of a biodegradable polymer such as polylactic acid, polylactone, or a copolymer containing a block made of such a polymer is known.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 report a nanometer-sized film made of a biodegradable polymer that can be adhered to a living tissue.
- Patent Documents 3 and 4 describe films using a block copolymer that is biodegradable, hydrophilic, and biocompatible.
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are highly hydrophobic, it is considered that the affinity for the surface of a living body in a wet environment is weak.
- it because it uses a copolymer that is crystalline and has a high glass transition point, it is difficult to deform even a thin film, and cannot sufficiently follow the movement of the living body, or cannot handle a living tissue having fine irregularities.
- the films of Patent Documents 3 and 4 have not been studied for the film thickness necessary for having high adhesion to living tissue, and have sufficient characteristics to be used as an adhesion preventing material. It is unknown whether it has or not.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polymer film that can cope with a movement of a living body and fine unevenness and has excellent adhesion to a living tissue.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- the branched polyalkylene glycol has 3 or more terminal hydroxyl groups per molecule,
- the weight ratio of the branched polyalkylene glycol to the total mass of the block copolymer is 1 to 30%
- a value obtained by dividing the average molecular weight of the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid contained in the block copolymer by the number X of terminal hydroxyl groups present per molecule of the branched polyalkylene glycol is 10,000 to 30,000
- the block copolymer has the formula (I): [Wherein, m is an integer of 0 to 4, n, o, p, q and r are each independently an integer of 36 to 126, and v, w, x, y and z are respectively It is independently an integer from 91 to 376] Or formula (II): [Wherein, s is an integer of 81 to 126, and t is an integer of 220 to 377]
- the polymer film according to any one of (1) to (6) which has a Young's modulus of 20 MPa to 700 MPa.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows.
- (11) A polymer film comprising a block copolymer having a structure in which a branched polyalkylene glycol and a polyhydroxyalkanoic acid are bonded, and the film thickness is in the range of 10 to 1000 nm.
- the branched polyalkylene glycol has 3 or more terminal hydroxyl groups per molecule, and the mass ratio of the branched polyalkylene glycol to the total mass of the block copolymer is 1 to 30%.
- the block copolymer has the formula (I): [Wherein, m is an integer of 0 to 4, n, o, p, q and r are each independently an integer of 36 to 126, and v, w, x, y and z are respectively It is independently an integer from 91 to 376] Or formula (II): [Wherein, s is an integer of 81 to 126, and t is an integer of 220 to 377]
- the polymer film according to any one of (11) to (15) which is represented by: (17) The polymer film according to any one of (11) to (16), wherein Young's modulus is 20 MPa or more and 700 MPa or less.
- the polymer film of the present invention is excellent in adherence to living tissue and the ability to follow movement and fine irregularities of a living body, and is useful as an adhesion prevention material, wound closure material, hemostatic material, medical device fixing material, etc. It is.
- This specification includes the contents described in the specification, claims, and drawings of Japanese Patent Application No. 2015-123855, which is the basis of the priority of the present application.
- the polymer film of the present invention includes a block copolymer having a structure in which a branched polyalkylene glycol and a polyhydroxyalkanoic acid are bonded.
- the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid is preferably bonded to the end of the polyalkylene glycol chain in the branched polyalkylene glycol.
- Branched polyalkylene glycol has three or more terminal hydroxyl groups per molecule.
- the above-mentioned block copolymer is added to the entire mass (in the case where a water-soluble thin film layer as described later is laminated, the mass of only the polymer film excluding it). On the other hand, it is preferably 90% by mass or more, particularly 95% by mass or more.
- the “film” is a concept including a structure having a two-dimensional expanse, for example, a sheet, a plate, a discontinuous film, and the like.
- the film may have micropores and may be a porous film.
- the material having “biocompatibility” or “biocompatibility” refers to a material that causes little or no irritation or adverse effect on living tissue. More specifically, the material does not generate or elute substances harmful to the living tissue, and the living tissue in contact with the material judges the material as a foreign substance and protects against inflammation and blood coagulation. It means something that shows no reaction.
- the polymer film of the present invention preferably has biocompatibility.
- the branched polyalkylene glycol has X terminal hydroxyl groups per molecule, and the number X is 3 or more, preferably 4 or more.
- the structure of the branched polyalkylene glycol is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable that the branched polyalkylene glycol has a structure in which polyalkylene glycol, particularly linear polyalkylene glycol is bonded to at least a part of the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol.
- the polyhydric alcohol has 3 or more, more preferably 4 or more hydroxyl groups.
- polyhydric alcohol examples include glycerin, polyglycerin (especially those which are dimer to hexamer of glycerin) and pentaerythritol, and glucose, fructose, xylose, galactose, mannose, erythrose, arabinose, sucrose, maltose lactose, Examples include sugars such as trehalose and cellobiose. These polyhydric alcohols are particularly preferred because of their biocompatibility.
- polyalkylene glycol is bonded to all hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the polyalkylene glycol may not be bonded to some hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol.
- the number of polyalkylene glycol chains is too small, the intermolecular interaction is weakened.
- the number is too large, steric hindrance occurs, and the copolymerization reactivity, film formability, and mechanical properties are considered to be lowered.
- the number of polyalkylene glycol chains bonded to one molecule of polyhydric alcohol is preferably in the range of 3 to 8.
- a branched polyalkylene in which a linear polyalkylene glycol is bonded to 3 to 8 of the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol, whereby 3 to 8 hydroxyl groups at the end of the polyalkylene glycol are present.
- a linear polyalkylene glycol is bonded to 3 to 8 of the hydroxyl groups of the polyhydric alcohol, whereby 3 to 8 hydroxyl groups at the end of the polyalkylene glycol are present.
- it constitutes glycol.
- the average molecular weight of the branched polyalkylene glycol is preferably in the range of 5000 to 30000.
- the mass ratio of the branched polyalkylene glycol block to the total mass of the block copolymer is 1% or more, particularly 5% or more, and 30% or less, particularly 25% or less, specifically It is preferably in the range of 1 to 30%, particularly in the range of 5 to 30%.
- the mass ratio and the average molecular weight of the branched polyalkylene glycol and the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid block copolymer described later in detail with respect to the total mass and the average molecular weight were determined by 1 H-NMR measurement of the block copolymer. It can be calculated from the integral value of the chemical shift signal of protons derived from the chemical structure characteristic of each hydroxyalkanoic acid, the number of hydrogen atoms contained in the repeating unit, and the molecular weight of the repeating unit.
- a chemical shift derived from the four hydrogen atoms of the ethylene group of polyethylene glycol is 3.4 to 3.7 ppm.
- the relative integral of the signal of A is A
- the chemical shift of 1.4 to 1.6 ppm of the signal derived from the three hydrogen atoms of the methyl group of the lactic acid unit is B
- the two integral hydrogens of the methylene group of the glycolic acid unit When the relative integral value of the signal of chemical shift of 4.7 to 4.9 ppm derived from atoms was C, the mass ratio of branched polyethylene glycol and polyhydroxyalkanoic acid to the total mass of the block copolymer was Using unit molecular weights 44, 72, and 58, they are represented by the following formulas 1 and 2, respectively.
- the average molecular weights of the branched polyethylene glycol and polyhydroxyalkanoic acid can be calculated by multiplying the average molecular weight of the block copolymer by the respective mass ratios.
- Mass ratio (%) of branched polyethylene glycol 100 ⁇ (44 ⁇ A / 4) / ((44 ⁇ A / 4) + (72 ⁇ B / 3) + (58 ⁇ C / 2))
- Mass ratio of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (%) 100 ⁇ ((72 ⁇ B / 3) + (58 ⁇ C / 2)) / ((44 ⁇ A / 4) + (72 ⁇ B / 3) + (58 ⁇ C / 2)) ...
- branched polyalkylene glycol examples include those in which polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol is bonded to a polyhydric alcohol.
- the “SUNBRIGHT (registered trademark) ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ PTE” series having a structure in which a polyethylene glycol chain is bonded to the hydroxyl group of pentaerythritol
- the “SUNBRIGHT (registered trademark) GEEO” series hydroxyl group (Having a structure in which polyethylene glycol is bonded to the hydroxyl group of 8 polyglycerols).
- the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid may be a biodegradable polymer of hydroxyalkanoic acid, and may be a homopolymer composed of one kind of hydroxyalkanoic acid monomer or a copolymer composed of two or more kinds of hydroxyalkanoic acid monomers. May be.
- the hydroxyalkanoic acid monomer include lactic acid, 3-hydroxybutyric acid, glycolic acid, and ⁇ -caprolactone.
- the hydroxyalkanoic acid monomer may be either L-form or D-form. In some cases, D-form and L-form may be mixed in the polymer (DL-form), but excellent in physical properties such as mechanical strength. From the point of view, a homopolymer consisting only of D-form or L-form is more preferred. Specifically, poly L-lactic acid or poly D-lactic acid composed of either L-lactic acid or D-lactic acid is most preferable.
- the molecular weight of the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid contained in the block copolymer is too large, the hydrophilicity decreases and the biocompatibility decreases. Decreases, and a film having sufficient strength cannot be obtained. From such a point of view, a value obtained by dividing the average molecular weight of the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid contained in the block copolymer by the number (X) of terminal hydroxyl groups of one molecule of branched polyalkylene glycol, that is, branched chain 1
- the average molecular weight of the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid per book is preferably in the range of 10,000 to 30,000.
- the average molecular weight of the block copolymer contained in the polymer film of the present invention is 40000 or more, 200000 or less, particularly 150,000 or less, specifically in the range of 40,000 to 200000, particularly 40000 or more, as measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). A range of 150,000 is preferable.
- block copolymer examples include those having a structure represented by the following general formula (I) or (II).
- Formula (I) Here, in the formula (I), m is an integer of 0 to 4, n, o, p, q, and r are each independently an integer of 36 to 126, and v, w, x, y And z are each independently an integer of 91 to 376.
- the bond between the branched polyalkylene glycol and the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid can be performed by any method.
- examples thereof include a method of polymerizing hydroxyalkanoic acid starting from the terminal hydroxyl group of the polyalkylene glycol chain, and a method of bonding branched polyalkylene glycol and polyhydroxyalkanoic acid by a condensation reaction.
- the block copolymers of the present invention those having a structure in which a linear polyhydroxyalkanoic acid is bonded to the end of a linear polyalkylene glycol chain of a branched polyalkylene glycol are mechanically Strong strength is most preferable.
- the block copolymer of the present invention uses, for example, a cyclic ester intermediate of a hydroxyalkanoic acid such as lactide in the presence of a branched polyalkylene glycol as defined herein using a catalyst such as tin octylate.
- a catalyst such as tin octylate.
- the method of removing moisture and low molecular weight compounds by adjusting the conditions in heating and refluxing in an organic solvent for conducting the polymerization reaction, or the method of suppressing the depolymerization reaction by deactivating the catalyst after completion of the polymerization reaction, etc.
- Any known product for the production of polyhydroxyalkanoic acid can be used.
- the unreacted cyclic ester intermediate can be sublimated and removed.
- the polymer film of the present invention may contain various additives as long as the physical properties are not impaired.
- the amount of the additive is preferably in the range of 0 to 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polymer film.
- the additive include an antioxidant, a weather resistance stabilizer, a heat stabilizer, a lubricant, a crystal nucleating agent, an ultraviolet absorber, and a colorant.
- the polymer film may contain multiple types of additives.
- the polymer film of the present invention may contain particles made of an inorganic or organic compound as long as the physical properties thereof are not impaired, in addition to the above-described additives.
- the amount of the particles is preferably in the range of 0 to 5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the polymer film.
- examples of such particles include particles made of calcium carbonate, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, alumina, barium sulfate, zirconia, and calcium phosphate, and crosslinked polystyrene-based particles and metal nanoparticles. Is mentioned.
- the film thickness of the polymer film of the present invention is 10 nm or more, particularly 50 nm or more, and 1000 nm or less, particularly 500 nm or less, from the viewpoints of flexibility, mechanical strength, shape conformity to the object to be applied, etc. Is preferably in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, particularly in the range of 10 to 500 nm. If it is such a range, a film shape is easy to hold
- the Young's modulus of the polymer film of the present invention is preferably 700 MPa or less, particularly preferably 100 MPa or less.
- the Young's modulus of the polymer film of the present invention is preferably 20 MPa or more, particularly preferably 30 MPa or more.
- the Young's modulus is preferably in the range of 20 to 700 MPa, particularly 30 to 100 MPa.
- the “Young's modulus” referred to in this specification means a value measured by a SIEBIMM (Strain-Induced Elastic Buckling Instability for Mechanical Measurements) method described in detail later.
- the adhesion strength of the polymer film of the present invention is 0.15 N / cm or more, particularly 0.2 N / cm or more, and is 0.75 N / cm or less, particularly 0.35 N / cm or less, Specifically, it is preferably in the range of 0.15 to 0.75 N / cm, particularly preferably in the range of 0.2 to 0.35 N / cm.
- the polymer film having preferable adhesion is preferably highly hydrophilic, for example, having a receding water contact angle of less than 60 °, particularly less than 50 °, particularly less than 40 °.
- a water-soluble thin film layer may be laminated on at least one surface for the purpose of improving the handleability.
- the water-soluble layer material include water-soluble polymers such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, alginic acid, hyaluronic acid, acetyl hyaluronic acid, pullulan, chitin, and chitosan.
- the water-soluble thin film layer may have any structure such as a film, a sheet, a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, and a non-woven fabric.
- Polymer films with such water-soluble thin film layers are used to absorb wound dressings, anti-adhesion materials, hemostatic materials, sealants, adhesives, adhesives such as line / tubes, and drugs via tissues. It is particularly useful for medical uses such as adhesive carriers.
- the polymer film of the present invention can be produced using known techniques such as spin coating, gravure coating, direct lip coating, slot coating, comma coating, ink jet and silk screen printing.
- a base material that supports the polymer film in the production process for example, a glass base material, a metal base material, a plastic base material, and the like can be used. From the viewpoint of economy and surface smoothness, a plastic base material such as a plastic film is used. preferable.
- adhesion promotion treatment for example, in air, nitrogen gas, nitrogen / carbon dioxide mixed gas, corona discharge treatment under other atmosphere, plasma treatment under reduced pressure, flame It is more preferable to perform treatment, ultraviolet treatment or the like.
- the base material may be subjected to an anchoring treatment using an anchoring agent such as a urethane resin, an epoxy resin, or polyethyleneimine.
- an off-line coat in which the raw material is coated after the biaxially stretched film is formed, or a biaxially stretched film is formed is formed. It may be produced by any method of in-line coating in which the raw material polymer is coated.
- heat setting means a step of crystallizing a film by a heat treatment that holds the stretched film at a temperature higher than the stretching temperature and lower than the melting point of the film.
- the solution obtained by dispersing the raw polymer in a solvent can be used for gravure coating, reverse coating, spray coating, kiss coating, comma coating, die coating, knife coating, air knife coating, metal ring bar coating, etc.
- a film can be formed by applying by the above method.
- the off-line coating can form a film at a relatively high speed.
- Drying of the coating film of the raw material polymer can be performed by a hot roll contact method, a heating medium (air or oil etc.) contact method, an infrared heating method, a microwave heating method, or the like.
- the drying temperature is preferably in the range of 80 to 180 ° C. for in-line coating and in the range of 60 to 110 ° C. for off-line coating.
- the drying time is preferably 1 to 60 seconds, more preferably 3 to 30 seconds.
- the polymer film of the present invention and the laminated film obtained using the polymer film have flexibility that can be applied to various surfaces such as a flat surface to a high curvature surface, or a surface having irregularities, and are in vivo or Even outside the living body, it can be applied to any tissue in an environment where moisture exists. Therefore, it is particularly useful as an anti-adhesion material for preventing adhesion derived from a skin or organ wound opened by surgery, and as a wound closure or hemostatic material for closing the wound. It can also be used as a fixing material for fixing lines and tubes to the patient's skin, or as an adhesive carrier for transdermal or transmucosal administration of drugs, and for non-medical skin care applications. Can also be applied.
- the obtained polymer was dissolved in chloroform, washed with dilute hydrochloric acid, and then dropped into a large excess of methanol.
- a polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymer having an average molecular weight of 85000 according to the GPC method was obtained.
- the mass ratio of the polyethylene glycol block to the total mass was 25%, and the value obtained by dividing the average molecular weight of the polylactic acid block by 4 which is the number of branched chains was 15938.
- Dichloromethane was used as the solvent during film formation.
- Example 2 A polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymer having an average molecular weight of 131000 according to the GPC method is obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 85 g of DL-lactide and 17 g of dehydrated SUNBRIGHT (registered trademark) PTE-10T are mixed. It was. The mass ratio of the polyethylene glycol block to the total mass was 17%, and the value obtained by dividing the average molecular weight of the polylactic acid block by 4 which is the number of branched chains was 27183. Dichloromethane was used as the solvent during film formation.
- Example 3 The average molecular weight according to the GPC method was the same as in Example 1 except that 85 g of DL-lactide and 15 g of dehydrated SUNBRIGHT (registered trademark) HGEO-50H (8-branched polyethylene glycol derivative, NOF Corporation) were mixed. A polylactic acid-polyethylene glycol block copolymer of 111000 was obtained. The mass ratio of the polyethylene glycol block to the total mass was 13%, and the value obtained by dividing the average molecular weight of the polylactic acid block by 8 which is the number of branched chains was 12071. Dichloromethane was used as the solvent during film formation.
- the average molecular weight by GPC method was 187200 except that 45 g of L-lactide, dehydrated SUNBRIGHT (registered trademark) DKH-20T (polyethylene glycol, manufactured by NOF Corporation) and 20 g of glycolide were mixed.
- a poly (lactic acid / glycolic acid) -polyethylene glycol-poly (lactic acid / glycolic acid) block copolymer was obtained.
- the mass ratio of the polyethylene glycol block to the total mass was 33%, and the value obtained by dividing the average molecular weight of the poly (lactic acid / glycolic acid) block by 2 which is the number of branched chains was 62712.
- Dichloromethane was used as the solvent during film formation.
- the laminated film was immersed in water together with the silicon substrate to dissolve the water-soluble film, the polymer film was peeled off, and the self-supporting property of the polymer film was evaluated.
- the polymer film peeled off in water was scooped up using a wire loop, and then bonded to a pullulan film (thickness of about 10 ⁇ m) produced by a cast method on a polystyrene dish via ethanol and dried.
- the polymer film supported by the obtained pullulan film was used for evaluation of adhesion prevention ability.
- the conditions of the minilab apparatus were a gravure roll rotation speed of 30 rpm and a line speed of 1.3 m / min, and the drying temperature was 80 ° C. for an ethyl acetate solvent and room temperature for a dichloromethane solvent.
- the laminated film was immersed in water to dissolve the water-soluble film, and the polymer film was peeled from the PET film.
- the obtained polymer film was used for measurement of Young's modulus, contact angle, and adhesion.
- Self-supporting property The self-supporting property of the films produced by the spin coating method using the raw material polymers of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 was evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the “self-supporting property” of the film means a property that does not require a support for the film to maintain its shape. More specifically, when the polymer film is suspended in water and allowed to pass for 3 hours at the gas-liquid interface, if the film thickness reduction rate is 10% or less, the polymer film is self-supporting and the polymer film expands. When the film thickness reduction rate was more than 10%, it was evaluated as having no self-supporting property.
- the polymer films obtained using the raw material polymers of Comparative Examples 3 and 4 could not be confirmed as films in water.
- the polymer films obtained using the raw material polymers of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 5 had a film area larger than that at the time of film formation after 3 hours, and the film thickness was greatly reduced. It was inferior to.
- Young's modulus Young's modulus of the polymer film produced by the gravure coating method using the raw material polymers of Examples 1, 2, and 3 and Comparative Example 1 was measured.
- the Young's modulus was measured as follows using a SIEBIMM (Strain-Induced Elastic Buckling Instability for Mechanical Measurements) method.
- a 3 cm square polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) (Sylgard 184 (registered trademark), manufactured by Toray Dow Corning Co., Ltd.) is stretched to 3.6 cm on a 3.6 cm square Teflon (registered trademark) substrate and measured on it.
- the target polymer film was attached.
- the wrinkles were formed in the polymer film using the force when returning to the original shape together with the polymer film to which the PDMS substrate was attached, the wrinkle spacing was measured, and the Young's modulus was calculated according to Equation 3 below. .
- E s Young's modulus of measurement sample
- E f Young's modulus of PDMS substrate (1.8 MPa)
- v s Poisson's ratio of measurement sample (0.33)
- v f Poisson's ratio of PDMS substrate (0.5)
- ⁇ wrinkle wavelength
- h film thickness of measurement sample
- the film thickness and Young's modulus measurement results are summarized in Table 2.
- the polymer film made of the polymer of Example 1 in which the mass ratio of the polyethylene glycol block was 25% showed a small Young's modulus compared to the polymer film made of the polymer of Comparative Example 1 having no polyethylene glycol block.
- the polymer film which consists of a polymer of Example 2 and 3 was not able to calculate the Young's modulus by the method employ
- the Young's modulus of the polymer film made of the polymer of Example 1 having a film thickness of 312 nm, which is approximately the same as those, is lower than 64 MPa, and the polymer film has sufficient handling properties. From this, it was estimated that it was 20 MPa or more.
- Table 3 summarizes the measurement results of the polymer films made of the polymers of Examples 1, 2, and 3 and Comparative Example 1 prepared by the gravure coating method.
- the static contact angle was almost the same value for any polymer film, but the receding contact angle was polyethylene for the polymer films comprising the polymers of Examples 1, 2, and 3 containing polyethylene glycol blocks. It was smaller than the polymer film made of the polymer of Comparative Example 1 having no glycol block, and it was found that the wettability was improved.
- Adhesion Test A polymer film having a size of 1 ⁇ 1 cm 2 was attached to the surface of the arm model “Bio Skin” (skin model No. 47, manufactured by Beaulux). After a lapse of 6 hours, various commercially available adhesive tapes were applied thereon, and then peeled at an angle of about 60 °. If the polymer film does not peel, the adhesion strength of the polymer film to the adherend is high. If the polymer film peels together with the adhesive tape, the adhesion strength of the polymer film to the adherend was judged to be low. The test results are “5” for polymer films with a peel rate of 65% or more, and “4” for 35-65%.
- Table 2 shows the results of the adhesion test of the polymer films obtained using the raw materials of Examples 1, 2, and 3 and Comparative Example 1.
- the polymer films made of the polymers of Examples 1, 2, and 3 whose Young's modulus was 100 MPa or less had higher adhesion than the polymer film made of the polymer of Comparative Example 1 whose Young's modulus was more than 100 MPa. Indicated.
Abstract
Description
上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールは、一分子当たり3個以上の末端ヒドロキシル基を有し、
上記ブロック共重合体の全質量に対する上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールの質量比率が1~30%であり、
上記ブロック共重合体中に含まれるポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の平均分子量を上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールの一分子当たりに存在する末端ヒドロキシル基の数Xで除した値が10000~30000であり、
膜厚が10~1000nmの範囲である、高分子フィルム。
(2)上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールは、多価アルコールに直鎖ポリエチレングリコールが結合した構造を有する、(1)記載の高分子フィルム。
(3)上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールが有する末端ヒドロキシル基の数が3~8である、(1)又は(2)記載の高分子フィルム。
(4)上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールの平均分子量が5000~30000の範囲である、(1)~(3)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルム。
(5)上記ブロック共重合体の平均分子量が40000~200000の範囲である、(1)~(4)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルム。
(6)上記ブロック共重合体は、式(I):
又は、式(II):
で表される、(1)~(5)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルム。
(7)ヤング率が20MPa以上700MPa以下である、(1)~(6)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルム。
(8)後退接触角が60°未満である、(1)~(7)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルム。
(9)(1)~(8)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルムの少なくとも片面に水溶性ポリマーからなる水溶性フィルムが積層されている、積層フィルム。
(10)(1)~(8)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルム又は(9)記載の積層フィルムからなる、癒着防止材。
(11)分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールとポリヒドロキシアルカン酸とが結合した構造を有するブロック共重合体、を含む高分子フィルムであり、膜厚が10~1000nmの範囲であり、
上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールは、一分子あたり3個以上の末端ヒドロキシル基を有し、上記ブロック共重合体の全質量に対する上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールの質量比率が1~30%であり、
上記ブロック共重合体中に含まれるポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の平均分子量を上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールが一分子あたりに有する末端ヒドロキシル基の数Xで除した値が10000~30000である、高分子フィルム。
(12)上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールは、多価アルコールに直鎖ポリエチレングリコールが結合した構造を有する、(11)記載の高分子フィルム。
(13)上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールが有する末端ヒドロキシル基の数が3~8である、(11)又は(12)記載の高分子フィルム。
(14)上記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールの平均分子量が5000~30000の範囲である、(11)~(13)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルム。
(15)上記ブロック共重合体の平均分子量が40000~200000の範囲である、(11)~(14)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルム。
(16)上記ブロック共重合体が、式(I):
又は、式(II):
で表される、(11)~(15)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルム。
(17)ヤング率が20MPa以上、700MPa以下である、(11)~(16)のいずれかに記載の高分子フィルム。
(18)後退接触角が60°未満である、(11)~(17)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルム。
(19)(11)~(18)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルムの少なくとも片面に水溶性のポリマーからなる水溶性フィルムを積層して形成された積層フィルム。
(20)(11)~(18)のいずれか記載の高分子フィルム又は(19)記載の積層フィルムを用いた癒着防止材。
本明細書は、本願の優先権の基礎である特願2015-123855号の明細書、特許請求の範囲および図面に記載された内容を包含する。
分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールは、一分子あたりX個の末端ヒドロキシル基を有し、その数Xは3以上、好ましくは4以上である。分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールは、その構造は特に限定されないが、多価アルコールのヒドロキシル基のうち少なくとも一部にポリアルキレングリコール、特に直鎖ポリアルキレングリコールが結合した構造を有するものであることが好ましい。多価アルコールは、ヒドロキシル基を3以上、より好ましくは4以上有する。多価アルコールの具体例としては、グリセリン、ポリグリセリン(特にグリセリンの2~6量体であるもの)及びペンタエリトリトール、並びにグルコース、フルクトース、キシロース、ガラクトース、マンノース、エリトロース、アラビノース、スクロース、マルトースラクトース、トレハロース、セロビオースなどの糖類が挙げられる。これらの多価アルコールは生体適合性を有するため特に好ましい。
分岐型ポリエチレングリコールの質量比率(%)=100×(44×A/4)/((44×A/4)+(72×B/3)+(58×C/2)) …式1
ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の質量比率(%)=100×((72×B/3)+(58×C/2))/((44×A/4)+(72×B/3)+(58×C/2)) …式2
ポリヒドロキシアルカン酸は、生分解可能なヒドロキシアルカン酸のポリマーであればよく、一種類のヒドロキシアルカン酸モノマーからなるホモポリマーであっても、あるいは二種類以上のヒドロキシアルカン酸モノマーからなるコポリマーであってもよい。ヒドロキシアルカン酸モノマーとしては、例えば乳酸や3-ヒドロキシ酪酸、グリコール酸、ε-カプロラクトンが挙げられる。ヒドロキシアルカン酸モノマーはL体又はD体のいずれであってもよく、場合によってはポリマー中にD体とL体が混在していてもよいが(DL体)、機械的強度などの物性に優れる点などからD体又はL体のみからなるホモポリマーがより好ましい。具体的には、L-乳酸又はD-乳酸のいずれかからなるポリL-乳酸又はポリD-乳酸が最も好ましい。
本発明の高分子フィルムに含有されるブロック共重合体は、その平均分子量が高すぎると高温で溶融した際に粘度が増しフィルム製造が困難になる一方、低すぎると分子間の相互作用が弱くなって製膜性が低下し、十分な強度を有するフィルムを得ることができなくなる。そのような観点から、ブロック共重合体の平均分子量は、ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定した分子量で40000以上、200000以下、特に150000以下、具体的には40000~200000の範囲、特に40000~150000の範囲であることが好ましい。
式(I):
式(II):
本発明の高分子フィルムは、ブロック共重合体に加えて、その物性を損なわない範囲で各種の添加剤を含んでいてもよい。添加剤の量は、高分子フィルムの全質量に対して0~5質量%の範囲であることが好ましい。添加剤としては、例えば、酸化防止剤、耐候安定剤、熱安定化剤、滑剤、結晶核剤、紫外線吸収剤、着色剤などが挙げられる。高分子フィルムには複数種の添加剤が含まれていてもよい。
(実施例1)
窒素気流下において、フラスコにL-ラクチド(ピュラック・バイオ・ケム社製)75gと、脱水済みのSUNBRIGHT(登録商標)PTE-10T(4分岐型ポリエチレングリコール誘導体(ペンタエリトリトールポリエチレングリコール)、日油社製)25gを混合し、140℃に加熱して溶融させ、さらに混合した。次いで、混合物を180℃に加熱し、ジオクタン酸スズ(和光純薬工業社製)8.1mgを添加して反応させて、ブロック共重合体を得た。得られたポリマーをクロロホルムに溶解し、希塩酸で洗浄した後に大過剰のメタノール中へ滴下した。沈殿物として、GPC法による平均分子量が85000であるポリ乳酸-ポリエチレングリコールブロック共重合体を得た。全質量に対するポリエチレングリコールブロックの質量比率は25%であり、ポリ乳酸ブロックの平均分子量を分岐鎖数である4で除した値は15938であった。製膜時の溶媒にはジクロロメタンを用いた。
DL-ラクチド85gと、脱水済みのSUNBRIGHT(登録商標)PTE-10Tを17g混合した以外は実施例1と同様にし、GPC法による平均分子量が131000であるポリ乳酸-ポリエチレングリコールブロック共重合体を得た。全質量に対するポリエチレングリコールブロックの質量比率は17%であり、ポリ乳酸ブロックの平均分子量を分岐鎖数である4で除した値は27183であった。製膜時の溶媒にはジクロロメタンを用いた。
DL-ラクチドを85gと、脱水済みのSUNBRIGHT(登録商標)HGEO-50H(8分岐型ポリエチレングリコール誘導体、日油社製)15gを混合した以外は実施例1と同様にし、GPC法による平均分子量が111000であるポリ乳酸-ポリエチレングリコールブロック共重合体を得た。全質量に対するポリエチレングリコールブロックの質量比率は13%であり、ポリ乳酸ブロックの平均分子量を分岐鎖数である8で除した値は12071であった。製膜時の溶媒にはジクロロメタンを用いた。
ポリDL乳酸(PURAC社製,PURASORB(登録商標)PDL20、標準ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)換算の重量平均分子量565000)を原料ポリマーとして用いた。全質量に対するポリエチレングリコールブロックの質量比率は0%である。製膜時の溶媒には酢酸エチルを用いた。
DL-ラクチド75gと、脱水済みのSUNBRIGHT(登録商標)HGEO-10T(8分岐型ポリエチレングリコール誘導体、日油社製)17gを混合した以外は実施例1と同様にし、GPC法による平均分子量が88400であるポリ乳酸-ポリエチレングリコールブロック共重合体を得た。全質量に対するポリエチレングリコールブロックの質量比率は25%であり、ポリ乳酸ブロックの平均分子量を分岐鎖数である8で除した値は8288であった。製膜時の溶媒にはジクロロメタンを用いた。
L-ラクチド50gと、脱水済みのSUNBRIGHT(登録商標)MEH-20T(非分岐ポリエチレングリコール誘導体(メトキシポリエチレングリコール)、日油社製)50gを混合した以外は実施例1と同様にし、GPC法による平均分子量が83000であるポリ乳酸-ポリエチレングリコールブロック共重合体を得た。全質量に対するポリエチレングリコールブロックの質量比率は50%であり、ポリ乳酸ブロックの平均分子量を分岐鎖数である1で除した値は41500であった。製膜時の溶媒にはジクロロメタンを用いた。
L-ラクチド45gと、脱水済みのSUNBRIGHT(登録商標)MEH-20T(非分岐ポリエチレングリコール誘導体(メトキシポリエチレングリコール)、日油社製)50g、さらにグリコリド(ピュラック・バイオ・ケム社製)15gを混合した以外は実施例1と同様にし、GPC法による平均分子量が84500であるポリ(乳酸/グリコール酸)-ポリエチレングリコールブロック共重合体を得た。全質量に対するポリエチレングリコールブロックの質量比率は50%であり、ポリ乳酸ブロックの平均分子量を分岐鎖数である1で除した値は42250であった。製膜時の溶媒にはジクロロメタンを用いた。
L-ラクチド45gと、脱水済みのSUNBRIGHT(登録商標)DKH-20T(ポリエチレングリコール、日油社製)、さらにグリコリド20gを混合した以外は実施例1と同様にし、GPC法による平均分子量が187200であるポリ(乳酸/グリコール酸)-ポリエチレングリコール-ポリ(乳酸/グリコール酸)ブロック共重合体を得た。全質量に対するポリエチレングリコールブロックの質量比率は33%であり、ポリ(乳酸/グリコール酸)ブロックの平均分子量を分岐鎖数である2で除した値は62712であった。製膜時の溶媒にはジクロロメタンを用いた。
(1)スピンコーティング法
(i)基材
KST World社製のP型シリコンウェーハ(直径100±0.5mm、厚さ525±25μm、酸化膜200nm、結晶の面指数:100)を、40mm×40mmのサイズにカットして使用した。使用の前に、硫酸と過酸化水素水を体積比3:1で混合した溶液にシリコン基板を10分間浸漬した後、脱イオン水(抵抗率18Ωcm)にて洗浄した。
まず、シリコン基板上に2重量%ポリビニルアルコール(PVA)水溶液を用いてスピンコート(4000rpm、20秒、Opticoat(登録商標)MS-A150、ミカサ社製)を行い、水溶性フィルムを形成した。次に、その上に実施例及び比較例に示したポリマーを溶解させた溶液を用いてスピンコート(4000rpm、20秒)を行って所望の厚さの高分子フィルムを形成し、シリコン基板上に水溶性フィルムと高分子フィルムとが積層された積層フィルムを得た。
マイクログラビア印刷装置(康井精機社製、ミニラボ装置)を用い、12cm幅のポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルム(Lumirror(登録商標)タイプT60、東レ社製、厚み25μm)の片面に、2重量%のPVA水溶液を用いて水溶性フィルムを形成した。その上に、実施例及び比較例に示したポリマーを溶解させた溶液を用いて所望の厚さの高分子フィルムを形成し、PETフィルム上に水溶性フィルムと高分子フィルムが積層された積層フィルムを得た。ミニラボ装置の条件は、グラビアロールの回転速度30rpm、ライン速度1.3m/分とし、乾燥温度は、酢酸エチル溶媒の場合は80℃、ジクロロメタン溶媒の場合は室温とした。積層フィルムを水中に浸漬させて水溶性フィルムを溶解させ、PETフィルムから高分子フィルムを剥離した。得られた高分子フィルムを、ヤング率、接触角、及び付着性の測定に用いた。
(1)ブロック共重合体の平均分子量
フィルム原料であるブロック共重合体の平均分子量は、以下の条件でゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)を行うことにより測定した。
カラム:Shodex(登録商標) HFIP-G(1本)、HFIP-606M(2本)(いずれもShodex社製)
溶媒:ヘキサフルオロイソプロパノール(5mM トリフルオロ酢酸ナトリウム添加)
流速:0.2mL/min
カラム温度:40℃
試料調製:試料約1mgに溶媒2mLを加え、室温で緩やかに攪拌した後(試料濃度約0.05w/v%)、0.45μmフィルターを用いて濾過を行った。
注入量:0.020mL
標準試料:単分散ポリメチルメタクリレート
検出器:示差屈折率検出器RI(RI-104型、昭和電工社製、感度32)
ブロック共重合体を構成するポリアルキレングリコールブロック及びポリヒドロキシアルカン酸ブロックの質量比率及び平均分子量は、ブロック共重合体の1H-NMR測定を行い、本明細書に記載した方法に従って算出した。
実施例1~3及び比較例1~5の原料ポリマーを用いてスピンコーティング法で作製したフィルムの自己支持性の評価を行った。その結果を表1に示す。ここでフィルムの「自己支持性」とは、フィルムが形状を維持するのに支持体を必要としない性質を意味するものとする。より具体的には、高分子フィルムを水に浮遊させ、気液界面において3時間経過させた際に、膜厚の減少率が10%以下の場合は自己支持性あり、高分子フィルムが膨張し、膜厚の減少率が10%超の場合は自己支持性なしとして評価した。
実施例1、2及び3並びに比較例1の原料ポリマーを用いてグラビアコーティング法により作製したフィルムの膜厚を測定した。測定は、原子間力顕微鏡(ナノスケールハイブリッド顕微鏡VN-8000、キーエンス社製、タッピングモード)にて、高分子フィルムの一領域(100μm×25μm)を観察することにより行った。
実施例1、2及び3並びに比較例1の原料ポリマーを用いてグラビアコーティング法により作製した高分子フィルムのヤング率を測定した。ヤング率はSIEBIMM(Strain-Induced Elastic Buckling Instability for Mechanical Measurements)法を用いて、以下のようにして測定した。
Ef:PDMS基材のヤング率(1.8MPa)
vs:測定サンプルのポアソン比(0.33)
vf:PDMS基材のポアソン比(0.5)
λ :しわの波長
h :測定サンプルの膜厚
シリコン基板に本発明の高分子フィルムを掬い取り、室温にて終夜乾燥させた。その高分子フィルム表面に水滴(4μl)を滴下し、デジタルマイクロスコープ(朝日光学社製、MS-200)で真横から接触角を観察した。水滴滴下30秒後の接触角を静的接触角、水滴の水の蒸発に伴って液滴の界面が後退するときの接触角を後退接触角と定義して、それぞれ測定した。
腕模型「バイオスキン」(肌模型No.47、ビューラックス社製)の表面に、1×1cm2のサイズの高分子フィルムを貼り付けた。6時間経過後に、その上から市販の様々な接着テープを貼り付けた後、約60°の角度で剥離した。高分子フィルムが剥離しなかった場合は高分子フィルムの被着体への付着強度が高い、接着テープと一体となって高分子フィルムが剥離した場合は高分子フィルムの被着体への付着強度が低いと判断した。試験結果は、高分子フィルムの剥離割合が65%以上のものを「5」、35~65%のものを「4」。15~35%のものを「3」、5~15%のものを「2」、5%以下のものを「1」、剥離がみられないものを「0」として評価した。粘着テープの粘着力は、日本工業規格JIS Z 0237に記載の90°引き剥がし試験によって算出された値を用いた。
週齢11-12週の雌性マウス(C57BL6系統、体重22~25g、日本クレア社製)をエーテル麻酔下にて開腹した。側腹部の腹壁をピンセットにて持ち上げ、鋏でΦ1mmの円形に腹膜を欠損させた。水溶性フィルム(プルランフィルム)と高分子フィルムが積層された積層フィルムを創傷部に配置し、生理食塩水にて水溶性フィルムを溶解させて、高分子フィルムを創傷部に貼付けた。溶解操作は、ウエスにより水分を除去しながら行った。比較群として、市販の癒着防止フィルムであるセプラフィルム(登録商標、科研製薬社製)貼付群(陽性対照)及び被覆材未貼付群(陰性対照)を用いた。
スコア1:癒着が無い
スコア2:癒着はあるが重力等で容易に剥離ができる
スコア3:鈍的剥離が必要
スコア4:鋭的剥離が必要
スコア5:剥離の際に組織が欠損する
本明細書中で引用した全ての刊行物、特許および特許出願をそのまま参考として本明細書中にとり入れるものとする。
Claims (10)
- 分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールとポリヒドロキシアルカン酸とが結合した構造を有するブロック共重合体を含み、
前記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールは、一分子当たり3個以上の末端ヒドロキシル基を有し、
前記ブロック共重合体の全質量に対する前記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールの質量比率が1~30%であり、
前記ブロック共重合体中に含まれるポリヒドロキシアルカン酸の平均分子量を前記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールの一分子当たりに存在する末端ヒドロキシル基の数Xで除した値が10000~30000であり、
膜厚が10~1000nmの範囲である、高分子フィルム。 - 前記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールは、多価アルコールに直鎖ポリエチレングリコールが結合した構造を有する、請求項1記載の高分子フィルム。
- 前記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールが有する末端ヒドロキシル基の数が3~8である、請求項1又は2記載の高分子フィルム。
- 前記分岐型ポリアルキレングリコールの平均分子量が5000~30000の範囲である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項記載の高分子フィルム。
- 前記ブロック共重合体の平均分子量が40000~200000の範囲である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項記載の高分子フィルム。
- ヤング率が20MPa以上700MPa以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項記載の高分子フィルム。
- 後退接触角が60°未満である、請求項1~7のいずれか一項記載の高分子フィルム。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項記載の高分子フィルムの少なくとも片面に水溶性ポリマーからなる水溶性フィルムが積層されている、積層フィルム。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項記載の高分子フィルム又は請求項9記載の積層フィルムからなる、癒着防止材。
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