WO2016194398A1 - 焼結体および切削工具 - Google Patents
焼結体および切削工具 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016194398A1 WO2016194398A1 PCT/JP2016/052127 JP2016052127W WO2016194398A1 WO 2016194398 A1 WO2016194398 A1 WO 2016194398A1 JP 2016052127 W JP2016052127 W JP 2016052127W WO 2016194398 A1 WO2016194398 A1 WO 2016194398A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sintered body
- zro
- cubic
- oxide
- zro2
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims description 32
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 162
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoyttriooxy)yttrium Chemical compound O=[Y]O[Y]=O SIWVEOZUMHYXCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021480 group 4 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021478 group 5 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021476 group 6 element Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000449 hafnium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium(4+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Hf+4] WIHZLLGSGQNAGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 2
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- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 35
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- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 4
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- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxozirconium;dihydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.Cl.[Zr]=O CMOAHYOGLLEOGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 150000003746 yttrium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium(III) oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Y+3].[Y+3] RUDFQVOCFDJEEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003754 zirconium Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-thiazole-5-sulfonyl chloride Chemical compound S1C(S(Cl)(=O)=O)=C(C)N=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 NGDQQLAVJWUYSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia Natural products N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper;5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin-22,24-diide Chemical compound [Cu+2].C1=CC(C(=C2C=CC([N-]2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC(N=2)=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C2=CC=C3[N-]2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=NC1=C3C1=CC=CC=C1 RKTYLMNFRDHKIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010884 ion-beam technique Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitric acid;oxozirconium Chemical compound [Zr]=O.O[N+]([O-])=O.O[N+]([O-])=O UJVRJBAUJYZFIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sintered body and a cutting tool including the sintered body.
- cBN cubic boron nitride
- a sintered body obtained by sintering this with a binder such as ZrO 2 or Al 2 O 3 is a tool such as a cutting tool.
- Patent Document 1 International Publication No. 2008/087940
- Patent Document 2 International Publication No. 2011/059020
- Patent Document 3 International Publication No. 2012/029440
- Patent Document 4 International Publication No. 2012 / No. 057184
- the present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a sintered body having both high toughness and good wear resistance.
- a sintered body includes a first material that is cubic boron nitride, a second material that is an oxide of zirconium, and a third material that is an oxide of aluminum.
- second material comprises a cubic ZrO 2 and ZrO
- third material comprises ⁇ -type Al 2 O 3, (110) plane of the ⁇ -type Al 2 O 3, the standing-cubic ZrO 2
- I al (110), I zro2 (111), and I zro (111) are expressed as I al (110), I zro2 (111), and I zro (111), respectively, 0.9 ⁇ I zro2 (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 30 and 0.3 ⁇ I zro (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 3 It satisfies.
- a sintered body includes a first material that is cubic boron nitride, a second material that is an oxide of zirconium, and a third material that is an oxide of aluminum.
- a is, the second material comprises a cubic ZrO 2 and ZrO, third material comprises ⁇ -type Al 2 O 3, (110) plane of the ⁇ -type Al 2 O 3, upstanding side
- I al (110), I zro2 (111), and I zro (111) are represented as I al (110), I zro2 (111), and I zro (111), respectively, 0.9 ⁇ I zro2 (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 30 and 0.3 ⁇ I zro (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 3 It satisfies.
- This sintered body has both high toughness and good wear resistance.
- I al (110), I zro2 (111), and I zro (111) are 1.1 ⁇ I zro2 (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 10 and 1 ⁇ I zro (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 2.5 It is preferable to satisfy. Thereby, both higher toughness and good wear resistance are achieved.
- the cubic ZrO 2 preferably includes partially stabilized ZrO 2 . Thereby, the above characteristics can be sufficiently obtained.
- the cubic ZrO 2 is preferably a solid solution of Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 . Thereby, the above characteristics can be sufficiently obtained.
- the sintered body preferably includes 20 to 80% by volume of the first material. Thereby, both sufficiently high toughness and good wear resistance are achieved.
- the sintered body preferably contains 30 to 60% by volume of the first material. Thereby, both sufficiently high toughness and good wear resistance are achieved.
- the sintered body further includes a fourth material, and the fourth material is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and hafnium oxide.
- the fourth material is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and hafnium oxide.
- the sintered body further includes a fifth material, and the fifth material is at least one selected from the group consisting of Group 4 elements, Group 5 elements, Group 6 elements, Al, and Si in the periodic table. And at least one compound comprising at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen and boron. This also improves the sinterability and improves the strength of the sintered body.
- One aspect of the present invention also relates to a cutting tool including any one of the above sintered bodies.
- the sintered body of the present embodiment has been completed based on such knowledge, and includes a first material that is cubic boron nitride, a second material that is an oxide of zirconium, and an oxide of aluminum.
- a third material wherein the second material includes cubic ZrO 2 and ZrO, the third material includes ⁇ -type Al 2 O 3 , and the ⁇ -type Al 2 O 3.
- I al (110), I zro2 (111), I zro (111) When expressed as 0.9 ⁇ I zro2 (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 30 and 0.3 ⁇ I zro (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 3 It satisfies.
- Such a sintered body may contain any other component as long as it contains the first material, the second material, and the third material.
- examples of other optional components include, but are not limited to, a fourth material and a fifth material described later.
- such a sintered body can contain inevitable impurities as long as the desired effect is exhibited.
- such a sintered body may include only the first material, the second material, and the third material.
- the first material contained in the sintered body of the present embodiment is cubic boron nitride.
- Such cubic boron nitride preferably has an average particle size of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m. If it is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it tends to agglomerate when mixed with other powders (binding materials such as the second material and the third material) and tends to agglomerate, and if it exceeds 10 ⁇ m, There is a tendency for strength to decrease.
- Such cubic boron nitride is 20 to 80 volume% (20 volume% or more and 80 volume% or less in the sintered body, and when the numerical range is represented by “ ⁇ ” in the present application, the range is the upper limit and lower limit. It is preferable that it is contained in a ratio of If the ratio is less than 20% by volume, the hardness may decrease and the wear resistance may decrease. On the other hand, if the ratio exceeds 80% by volume, the wear resistance and fracture resistance may decrease. A more preferable ratio of cubic boron nitride is 30 to 60% by volume.
- the average particle diameter of cubic boron nitride can be determined as follows. That is, the sintered body is processed by CP (Cross Section Polisher) using an ion beam to form a smooth cross section, and the cross section is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The equivalent circle diameter of cubic boron nitride can be calculated by the valuation process, and can be used as the average particle diameter.
- the content of cubic boron nitride is the area measured by binarization processing using image analysis software of the reflected electron image obtained by measuring the CP processed surface with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and contains the area ratio. It can be regarded as an amount (% by volume).
- the second material included in the sintered body of the present embodiment is an oxide of zirconium, and includes cubic ZrO 2 and ZrO.
- the second material is characterized in that it contains ZrO together with ZrO 2 .
- the detailed mechanism is unknown, by including a specific amount of ZrO as defined by the X-ray diffraction intensity described later, even if ZrO 2 is contained at a high concentration, the wear resistance is not deteriorated. It has succeeded in achieving both good wear resistance and high toughness provided by a high concentration of ZrO 2 .
- the ZrO 2 may contain a small amount of a rare earth oxide such as yttrium oxide including aluminum oxide, calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, and may include what is generally called partially stabilized ZrO 2 .
- the partially stabilized ZrO 2 has a conventionally known meaning. Typically, by dissolving an oxide other than zirconia, oxygen vacancies in the structure are reduced and stabilized. Thus, it refers to ZrO 2 in which cubic crystals and tetragonal crystals are stable or metastable at room temperature. Unless otherwise specified, even if other compounds as described above are dissolved in a small amount, they are expressed as “ZrO 2 ”.
- the cubic ZrO 2 preferably contains the partially stabilized ZrO 2 as described above, and is particularly preferably composed of the partially stabilized ZrO 2 . Thereby, the above characteristics can be sufficiently obtained. Moreover, it is preferable that cubic ZrO 2 has solid solution of Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 as oxides other than zirconia. Thereby, the characteristics as described above can be sufficiently obtained.
- Such a second material usually has an average particle size of 0.01 to 0.1 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter and content of 2nd material can be calculated
- the third material contained in the sintered body of the present embodiment is an oxide of aluminum, and includes ⁇ -type Al 2 O 3 (aluminum oxide whose crystal structure is ⁇ -type). This third material is considered to contribute to the high hardness and high strength of the sintered body.
- Examples of the aluminum oxide include ⁇ -type Al 2 O 3 in addition to ⁇ -type Al 2 O 3 .
- Such a third material usually has an average particle size of 0.1 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter and content of 3rd material can be calculated
- the X-ray diffraction intensities of the (110) plane of ⁇ -type Al 2 O 3 , the (111) plane of cubic ZrO 2 and the (111) plane of ZrO are respectively expressed as I al ( 110), I zro2 (111), I zro (111) 0.9 ⁇ I zro2 (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 30 and 0.3 ⁇ I zro (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 3 It is characterized by satisfying.
- Such X-ray diffraction intensity can be measured with a normal X-ray diffraction apparatus, and the apparatus and measurement conditions are not particularly limited.
- the relationship “0.9 ⁇ I zro2 (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 30” indirectly represents the quantitative ratio of ⁇ -type Al 2 O 3 and cubic ZrO 2 .
- wear resistance deteriorates when ZrO 2 is contained at a high concentration as in Patent Document 2, for example, and the upper limit of I zro2 (111) / I al (110) is 0.60. It was supposed to be about. Therefore, the relationship of “0.9 ⁇ I zro2 (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 30” indicates that the content of ZrO 2 (cubic ZrO 2 ) is extremely high compared to the conventional one. .
- the sintered body of the present embodiment contains a very high content of ZrO 2 and a high content of ZrO as compared with the conventional sintered body. It is shown that.
- I zro2 (111) / I al (110) When I zro2 (111) / I al (110) is less than 0.9, sufficient toughness cannot be improved, and when it exceeds 30, the hardness of the sintered body is lowered. Further, when I zro (111) / I al (110) is less than 0.3, the sintering is insufficient and the fracture resistance is lowered, and when it exceeds 3, the hardness of the sintered body is lowered. .
- the above two relationships are more preferably 1.1 ⁇ I zro2 (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 10 and 1 ⁇ I zro (111) / I al (110) ⁇ 2.5 It is.
- volume% The reason why the content of ZrO 2 and the content of ZrO in the sintered body is not simply defined by “volume%” or “mass%” but expressed by the ratio of the X-ray diffraction intensity as described above is “volume% This is because it is difficult to clearly distinguish between ZrO 2 and ZrO in a structure image such as a secondary electron image or a reflected electron image for obtaining “or“% by mass ”.
- the sintered body of the present embodiment can further include a fourth material in addition to the first material, the second material, and the third material.
- a fourth material is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, cerium oxide, yttrium oxide, and hafnium oxide.
- Such a fourth material preferably has an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m. If it is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, it tends to agglomerate when mixed with other powders, so that it tends to cause sintering failure. If it exceeds 5 ⁇ m, the strength tends to decrease due to grain growth during sintering.
- such a fourth material is preferably contained in the sintered body at a ratio of 5 to 50% by volume. If the ratio is less than 5% by volume, the strength of the sintered body may not be sufficiently improved. Moreover, when the ratio exceeds 50 volume%, the ratio of high hardness cBN may fall and the hardness of a sintered compact may fall. A more desirable ratio of the fourth material is 10% to 30% by volume.
- the average particle diameter and content of the fourth material can be obtained by the same method as that for the first material.
- the sintered body of the present embodiment can further include a fifth material in addition to the first material, the second material, and the third material.
- the fifth material may be included in the sintered body together with the fourth material.
- Such fifth materials include Group 4 elements of the periodic table (Ti, Zr, Hf, etc.), Group 5 elements (V, Nb, Ta, etc.), Group 6 elements (Cr, Mo, W, etc.), Al, and It is preferably at least one compound consisting of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Si and at least one element selected from the group consisting of carbon, nitrogen, and boron.
- the sintered body contains such a fifth material, the sinterability is improved and the strength of the sintered body is further improved.
- the above compounds include, for example, TiC, TiN, TiB 2 , TiCrN, ZrC, ZrN, ZrB 2 , AlCrN, AlN, AlB 2 , SiC, Si 3 N 4 , HfC, HfN, VC, VN, NbC , TaC, CrC, CrN, Cr 2 N, MoC, WC and the like.
- the fifth material can be constituted by one kind of these compounds alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
- Such a fifth material preferably has an average particle diameter of 0.05 to 5 ⁇ m. If it is less than 0.05 ⁇ m, it tends to agglomerate when mixed with other powders, so that it tends to cause sintering failure. If it exceeds 5 ⁇ m, the strength of the sintered body tends to decrease.
- such a fifth material is preferably contained in the sintered body at a ratio of 5 to 50% by volume. If the ratio is less than 5% by volume, the strength of the sintered body may not be sufficiently improved. Moreover, when the ratio exceeds 50 volume%, the ratio of high hardness cBN may fall and the hardness of a sintered compact may fall. A more desirable ratio of the fifth material is 10 to 30% by volume.
- the average particle diameter and content of the fifth material can be obtained by the same method as that for the first material.
- the sintered body of the present embodiment can be suitably used for a cutting tool or the like.
- Cutting tools include, for example, drills, end mills, drill tip changeable cutting tips, end mill tip replacement cutting tips, milling tip replacement cutting tips, turning tip replacement cutting tips, metal saws, gear cutting tools, Reamers, taps, cutting tools, etc. can be mentioned.
- the entire cutting tool may be composed of the sintered body of the present embodiment, or only a part (for example, a blade edge portion) may be composed of the sintered body of the present embodiment. Moreover, such a cutting tool may have a coating film formed on the surface thereof.
- the sintered body of the present embodiment can be manufactured by adopting a conventionally known manufacturing method except that the second material (precursor thereof) is prepared as follows.
- the first material, the second material (precursor thereof) prepared as follows, the third material, and other components as necessary (for example, sintering aid, fourth material, fifth material) Etc.) is mixed with a bead mill, a ball mill or the like.
- the sintered body can be obtained by sintering at a temperature of 1300 to 1700 ° C. and a pressure of 10 MPa to 7 GPa for 10 to 60 minutes.
- the pressure is particularly preferably 4 to 7 GPa.
- the sintering method is not particularly limited, spark plasma sintering (SPS), hot press, ultra-high pressure press, or the like can be used.
- the second material (precursor thereof) can be obtained by the following neutralization coprecipitation method or sol-gel method.
- the neutralization coprecipitation method is a method including the following step A and step B. Such a method is described, for example, in a paper published in 2013 (J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Power Metallurgy, Vol. 60, No. 10, P428-435).
- Step A Using a zirconium salt, an yttrium salt, and an aluminum salt, the molar ratio as zirconia (ZrO 2 ) and yttria (Y 2 O 3 ) is 98.2: 1.8 to 98.8: 1.2, and And yttria-added zirconia and alumina (Al 2 O 3 ) are mixed at a molar ratio of 50:50 to 90:10 to prepare a mixed solution.
- yttria (Y 2 O 3 ) is exemplified as an oxide solid-dissolved in zirconia (ZrO 2 ), but the oxide is not limited to this.
- Step B Neutralization is performed by adding alkali to the mixed solution obtained in the above step A, and zirconium, yttrium, and aluminum are coprecipitated to obtain a precipitate. After the precipitate is dried, 650 to Y 2 O 3 stabilized ZrO 2 —Al 2 O 3 solid solution powder (precursor of second material) by heat treatment at 750 ° C. for 7 to 12 hours and further calcining at 850 to 950 ° C. for 0.5 to 3 hours ).
- examples of the zirconium salt in Step A include zirconium oxychloride (ZrOCl 2 ) and zirconium oxynitrate (ZrO (NO 3 ) 2 ).
- examples of the yttrium salt include yttrium chloride (YCl 3 ), Examples thereof include yttrium nitrate (Y (NO 3 ) 3 ), and examples of the aluminum salt include aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ).
- nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, etc. can be mentioned as a solvent used as a mixed solution.
- the sol-gel method is a method including the following step X. Such a method is described, for example, in a paper published in 2011 (J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Power Metallurgy, Vol. 58, No. 12, P727-732).
- Step X Sol - to ZrO 2 using a gel method 0.3 ⁇ 1.7mol% Y 2 O 3 ZrO 2 was added (99.7 ⁇ 98.3mol% ZrO 2 -0.3 ⁇ 1.7mol % Y 2 O 3 ) ⁇ 10 to 50 mol% Al 2 O 3 amorphous solid solution powder, and the resulting amorphous solid solution powder is calcined at a temperature equal to or higher than the crystallization temperature to form a crystalline ZrO 2 solid solution.
- a step of preparing a powder (a precursor of the second material).
- the second material (precursor thereof) of the present embodiment can also be obtained by a method other than the above two methods. That is, partially stabilized ZrO 2 and Al 2 O 3 are mixed in a solvent such as ethanol using a pulverizer such as a bead mill or a ball mill to obtain a slurry. Next, the second material (precursor thereof) can be obtained by granulating using this slurry.
- the granulating means is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include melt granulation and spray granulation.
- the granulated product (second material (precursor thereof)) thus obtained can be improved in strength by the following method.
- Sintering is performed in a heat treatment furnace (for example, 1000 ° C. in vacuum for 3 hours).
- a binder for example, PVB (polyvinyl butyral) which is a general binder
- PVB polyvinyl butyral
- the second material (precursor thereof) can be prepared by each method as described above.
- the second material is an oxide of zirconium and contains cubic ZrO 2 and ZrO. It becomes.
- the cubic ZrO 2 can be a solid solution of Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 .
- the content of oxides other than ZrO 2 such as Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 can be identified simultaneously when the content of the second material is confirmed.
- Example 1 [Sintered body No. 1-1 Production] In the following manner, the sintered body No. 1-1 was produced.
- the second material precursor can be prepared by the following method based on a paper published in 2013 (J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Power Metallurgy, Vol. 60, No. 10, P428-435).
- the solid solution powder obtained above was calcined (heat treated) at 700 ° C. in air for 9 hours, and further calcined at 900 ° C. for 1 hour to form a crystalline material as a second material precursor.
- ZrO 2 Al 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 solid solution
- This second material precursor is partially stabilized ZrO 2 in which 15% by volume of Al 2 O 3 is solid-solved with respect to the entire second material precursor.
- the raw material powders prepared above (that is, the first material, the second material precursor, the third material, and the sintering aid) were mixed using a ball mill to obtain a mixture.
- the Nb capsule was filled with the mixture, set in a container of an ultrahigh pressure generator, and sintered at a sintering pressure of 7 GPa and a sintering temperature of 1500 ° C. for 15 minutes to obtain a sintered body.
- the sintered body No. The content of cBN contained in 1-1 and the average particle diameters of the first material, the second material, and the third material were determined as follows. That is, by performing CP processing on the sintered body as described above, and observing the cross section with an SEM, image analysis software (trade name: “WinROOF ver. 6.5.3”, Mitani Corporation) The equivalent-circle diameter (particle diameter) and content of the first material, the second material, and the third material were calculated by binarization processing using a manufactured product. As a result, the content and average particle size of cBN almost coincided with the content and average particle size of raw materials, the average particle size of the second material was 0.05 ⁇ m, and the average particle size of the third material was 0 .3 ⁇ m.
- Sintered body No. Production of 1-5 Sintered body No. Instead of the second material precursor used in 1-1, commercially available stabilized zirconia (trade name: “TZ-8YS”, manufactured by Tosoh) and partially stabilized zirconia (trade name: “TZ-3Y”) Except for using ZrO 2 powder mixed with 1: 1 of Tosoh) and changing the ratio of the third material. In the same manner as in 1-1, the sintered body No. 1-5 was produced.
- TZ-8YS commercially available stabilized zirconia
- TZ-3Y partially stabilized zirconia
- Composition Centrifugal cast iron (FC250 (dense cast iron) with dense pearlite, dendrite structure, etc.) Shape: Cylindrical (outer diameter ⁇ 85 mm, inner diameter ⁇ 75 mm).
- the sintered body No. 1-1 to sintered body No. 1-4 is a sintered body No. 1 as a comparative example. 1-6 and sintered body No. 1-6. Compared to 1-7, it was confirmed that the maximum flank wear amount was small and the wear resistance was excellent. Moreover, the sintered compact No. which is an Example. 1-1 to sintered body No. 1-4 is a sintered body No. 1 as a comparative example. 1-5 to sintered body No. Compared to 1-7, it was confirmed that the fracture life was long and the fracture resistance was excellent, that is, excellent toughness. Thus, it could be confirmed that the sintered bodies of the examples had both high toughness and good wear resistance.
- Example 2 The sintered body No. 1 of Example 1 was used. 1-1 to sintered body No. Except for replacing the second material precursor used in 1-4 with a second material precursor A (hereinafter referred to as “second material” for convenience in Table 2) produced by the sol-gel method shown below. , All others were sintered body No. 1 of Example 1. 1-1 to sintered body No. In the same manner as in 1-4, the sintered body No. 2-1 to sintered body No. 2-4 were produced.
- second material a second material precursor A
- the second material precursor A is based on a paper published in 2011 (J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Power Metallurgy, Vol. 58, No. 12, P727-732) by the following method (sol- (Gel method).
- the product washed above is dried at 120 ° C. in a vacuum to obtain an intermediate.
- the mixing ratio is 1.5 mol% Y 2 O 3 and 25 mol% Al 2 O 3 with respect to ZrO 2 .
- the intermediate (powder) thus obtained was calcined (heat treated) at 700 ° C. in the air for 9 hours, and further calcined at 900 ° C. for 1 hour to obtain the second material precursor A.
- a crystalline ZrO 2 (Al 2 O 3 , Y 2 O 3 solid solution) powder is obtained.
- the second material precursor A is partially stabilized ZrO 2 in which 15% by volume of Al 2 O 3 is dissolved in the entire second material precursor A.
- the sintered body No. 2-1 to sintered body No. Table 2 shows the result of the same cutting test as in Example 1 using 2-4.
- the sintered body No. 2-1 to sintered body No. 2-4 shows the sintered body No. 2 of Example 1. 1-1 to sintered body No. Similar to 1-4, the maximum flank wear amount is small and the wear resistance is excellent, and the fracture life is long and the fracture resistance is excellent (that is, having excellent toughness). It could be confirmed. Thus, it could be confirmed that each sintered body of Example 2 achieved both high toughness and good wear resistance.
- Example 3 The sintered body No. 1 of Example 1 was used. 1-1, the raw material contents of the first material, the second material precursor, and the third material are shown in Table 3 (in Table 3, for convenience, the second material precursor is “second material”. The sintered body No. 1 of Example 1 is all except that In the same manner as in 1-1, the sintered body No. 3-1 to sintered body No. 3-6 was produced.
- the sintered body No. 3-1 to sintered body No. Table 3 shows the results of the same cutting test as in Example 1 using 3-6.
- the sintered body No. 3-1 to sintered body No. 3-6 is the sintered body No. 3 of Example 1.
- 1-1 to sintered body No. Similar to 1-4 the maximum flank wear amount is small and the wear resistance is excellent, and the fracture life is long and the fracture resistance is excellent (that is, having excellent toughness). It could be confirmed. Thus, it could be confirmed that each sintered body of Example 3 achieved both high toughness and good wear resistance.
- Example 4 The sintered body No. 1 of Example 1 was used.
- the content of the second material precursor (23% by volume) as a raw material of 1-1 is 18% by volume of the second material precursor and 5% by volume of the fourth material and / or the fifth material shown in Table 4. Except for substituting for the sintered body no.
- the sintered body No. 4-1 to sintered body No. 4-12 was produced.
- Composition Centrifugal cast iron (FC250 (dense cast iron) with dense pearlite, dendrite structure, etc.) Shape: Cylindrical (outer diameter ⁇ 80 mm, inner diameter ⁇ 70 mm).
- the sintered body No. 4-1 to sintered body No. 4-12 shows the sintered body No. 4 of Example 1. 1-1 to sintered body No. Similar to 1-4, the maximum flank wear amount is small and the wear resistance is excellent, and the fracture life is long and the fracture resistance is excellent (that is, having excellent toughness). It could be confirmed. Thus, it could be confirmed that each sintered body of Example 4 achieved both high toughness and good wear resistance.
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Abstract
Description
0.9≦Izro2(111)/Ial(110)≦30、かつ
0.3≦Izro(111)/Ial(110)≦3
を満たすものである。
最初に本発明の実施態様を列記して説明する。
0.9≦Izro2(111)/Ial(110)≦30、かつ
0.3≦Izro(111)/Ial(110)≦3
を満たすものである。この焼結体は、高い靭性と良好な耐摩耗性とを両立したものとなる。
1.1≦Izro2(111)/Ial(110)≦10、かつ
1≦Izro(111)/Ial(110)≦2.5
を満たすことが好ましい。これにより、さらに高い靭性と良好な耐摩耗性とを両立したものとなる。
[本発明の実施形態の詳細]
以下、本発明の実施形態(以下「本実施形態」とも記す)についてさらに詳細に説明する。
従来より、cBNとともに焼結させられて焼結体を構成する結合材として、ZrO2が用いられてきた。このZrO2は焼結体に高い靭性を付与することが知られているため、これを高濃度に含有させることによりさらに高い靭性を得ることが試みられてきた。しかしながら、ZrO2を高濃度に含有すると耐摩耗性が悪化することが問題とされており、このため、高度な耐摩耗性が要求される用途において、ZrO2を高濃度に含有することにより靭性を向上させることはできないと考えられていた。
0.9≦Izro2(111)/Ial(110)≦30、かつ
0.3≦Izro(111)/Ial(110)≦3
を満たすものである。
<第1材料>
本実施形態の焼結体に含まれる第1材料は立方晶窒化硼素である。このような立方晶窒化硼素は、0.1~10μmの平均粒径を有することが好ましい。0.1μm未満の場合、他の粉末(第2材料や第3材料などの結合材)と混合する際、凝集しやすいため焼結不良となる傾向があり、10μmを超えると、焼結体の強度が低下する傾向がある。
本実施形態の焼結体に含まれる第2材料は、ジルコニウムの酸化物であり、立方晶ZrO2とZrOとを含む。このように第2材料は、ZrO2とともにZrOを含む点に特徴がある。その詳細なメカニズムは不明ながら、ZrOを後述のX線回折強度で規定されるような特定量含むことにより、ZrO2を高濃度に含有しても耐摩耗性が悪化することがなく、以って良好な耐摩耗性と高濃度のZrO2によりもたらされる高い靭性とを両立することに成功したものである。
なお、第2材料の平均粒径および含有量は、上記の第1材料と同様の方法により求めることができる。
本実施形態の焼結体に含まれる第3材料は、アルミニウムの酸化物であり、α型Al2O3(結晶構造がα型である酸化アルミニウム)を含む。この第3材料は、焼結体の高硬度および高強度に寄与するものと考えられる。
なお、第3材料の平均粒径および含有量は、上記の第1材料と同様の方法により求めることができる。
本実施形態の焼結体においては、α型Al2O3の(110)面、立方晶ZrO2の(111)面、およびZrOの(111)面のX線回折強度を、それぞれIal(110)、Izro2(111)、Izro(111)として表わす場合、
0.9≦Izro2(111)/Ial(110)≦30、かつ
0.3≦Izro(111)/Ial(110)≦3
を満たすことを特徴とする。
1.1≦Izro2(111)/Ial(110)≦10、かつ
1≦Izro(111)/Ial(110)≦2.5
である。
本実施形態の焼結体は、上記の第1材料、第2材料、および第3材料以外に、さらに第4材料を含むことができる。このような第4材料は、酸化マグネシウム、酸化セリウム、酸化イットリウム、および酸化ハフニウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種であることが好ましい。焼結体がこのような第4材料を含むことにより、焼結性が向上し、焼結体の強度がさらに向上する。
本実施形態の焼結体は、上記の第1材料、第2材料、および第3材料以外に、さらに第5材料を含むことができる。第5材料は、上記の第4材料とともに焼結体中に含まれていても良い。
本実施形態の焼結体は、切削工具などに好適に用いることができる。切削工具としては、たとえばドリル、エンドミル、ドリル用刃先交換型切削チップ、エンドミル用刃先交換型切削チップ、フライス加工用刃先交換型切削チップ、旋削加工用刃先交換型切削チップ、メタルソー、歯切工具、リーマ、タップ、切削バイト等を挙げることができる。
本実施形態の焼結体は、第2材料(の前駆体)を以下のようにして調製することを除き、他は従来公知の製造方法を採用することにより製造することができる。
中和共沈法とは、以下の工程Aおよび工程Bを含む方法である。このような方法は、たとえば2013年に発表された論文(J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Power Metallurgy,Vol.60,No.10,P428-435)に記載されている。
ゾル-ゲル法とは、以下の工程Xを含む方法である。このような方法は、たとえば2011年に発表された論文(J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Power Metallurgy,Vol.58,No.12,P727-732)に記載されている。
本実施形態の第2材料(の前駆体)は、上記の2方法以外の方法によっても得ることができる。すなわち、部分安定化ZrO2とAl2O3とをビーズミルまたはボールミルのような粉砕機を用いてエタノール等の溶媒中で混合しスラリーを得る。次いで、このスラリーを用いて造粒することにより第2材料(の前駆体)を得ることができる。造粒手段は特に限定されず、溶融造粒、噴霧造粒等を挙げることができる。
(1)熱処理炉(たとえば1000℃、真空中、3時間)で焼結する。
(2)造粒物の前駆段階の上記スラリーにバインダー(たとえば一般的バインダーであるPVB(ポリビニルブチラール))を10質量%添加する。
[焼結体No.1-1の作製]
以下のようにして、焼結体No.1-1を作製した。
表1に示したように第2材料前駆体(表1では便宜的に「第2材料」と記す)と第3材料の原料含有量を変化させたことを除き、焼結体No.1-1と同様の作製方法により焼結体No.1-2~焼結体No.1-4を作製した。そして、上記の焼結体No.1-1と同様のX線回折を実施した。その結果を表1に示す。
焼結体No.1-1で用いた第2材料前駆体に代えて、一般に市販されている安定化ジルコニア(商品名:「TZ-8YS」、東ソー製)と部分安定化ジルコニア(商品名:「TZ-3Y」、東ソー製)を1:1で混合したZrO2粉末を使用したこと、および第3材料の比率を変化させたことを除き、焼結体No.1-1と同様にして焼結体No.1-5を作製した。
焼結体No.1-1で用いた第2材料前駆体に代えて、上記の焼結体No.1-5で用いたZrO2粉末を使用したこと、その比率を表1に記載のものとしたこと、第3材料の比率を変化させたこと、および焼結助剤(金属Al)を添加しなかったことを除き、焼結体No.1-1と同様の作製方法により焼結体No.1-6および焼結体No.1-7を作製した。そして、上記の焼結体No.1-1と同様のX線回折を実施した。その結果を表1に示す。
上記で作製した焼結体No.1-1~焼結体No.1-7を用いて、TCGW110208、ネガランド角度15°、ネガランド幅0.12mmの形状の切削工具を作製し、以下の切削条件でマシニングセンタによる高速転削評価を実施した。
切削速度:1000m/min.
送り速度:0.35mm/rev.
切込み:0.3mm
クーラント:湿式(エマルジョン20倍希釈)。
NV5000 α1A/40(DMG森精機株式会社製)。
組成:遠心鋳造鋳鉄(緻密パーライト、デンドライト組織等を有するFC250(ネズミ鋳鉄))
形状:円筒状(外径φ85mm、内径φ75mm)。
4.0km切削後の最大逃げ面摩耗量(μm)を測定するとともに、0.2mm以上のチッピングが発生するまでの欠損寿命を測定した。その結果を表1に示す(前者を「最大逃げ面摩耗量」の項に、後者を「欠損寿命」の項に示す)。
実施例1の焼結体No.1-1~焼結体No.1-4で用いた第2材料前駆体を、以下に示すゾル-ゲル法で製造した第2材料前駆体A(表2中では便宜的に「第2材料」と記す)に置き換えることを除き、他は全て実施例1の焼結体No.1-1~焼結体No.1-4と同様にして、焼結体No.2-1~焼結体No.2-4を作製した。
第2材料前駆体Aは、前述の通り、2011年に発表された論文(J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Power Metallurgy,Vol.58,No.12,P727-732)に基づき下記の方法(ゾル-ゲル法)により作製できる。
実施例1の焼結体No.1-1の第1材料、第2材料前駆体、および第3材料の原料含有量を、表3に示す原料含有量(表3中、便宜的に第2材料前駆体は「第2材料」と記す)に置き換えることを除き、他は全て実施例1の焼結体No.1-1と同様にして、焼結体No.3-1~焼結体No.3-6を作製した。
実施例1の焼結体No.1-1の原料としての第2材料前駆体の含有量(23体積%)を、18体積%の第2材料前駆体と5体積%の表4記載の第4材料および/または第5材料とに置き換えることを除き、他は全て実施例1の焼結体No.1-1と同様にして、焼結体No.4-1~焼結体No.4-12を作製した。
上記で作製した焼結体No.4-1~焼結体No.4-12を用いて、TCGW110208、ネガランド角度15°、ネガランド幅0.12mmの形状の切削工具を作製し、以下の切削条件でマシニングセンタによる高速転削評価を実施した。
切削速度:750m/min.
送り速度:0.25mm/rev.
切込み:0.3mm
クーラント:湿式(エマルジョン20倍希釈)。
NV5000 α1A/40(DMG森精機株式会社製)。
組成:遠心鋳造鋳鉄(緻密パーライト、デンドライト組織等を有するFC250(ネズミ鋳鉄))
形状:円筒状(外径φ80mm、内径φ70mm)。
7.0km切削後の最大逃げ面摩耗量(μm)を測定するとともに、0.2mm以上のチッピングが発生するまでの欠損寿命を測定した。その結果を表4に示す(前者を「最大逃げ面摩耗量」の項に、後者を「欠損寿命」の項に示す)。
Claims (9)
- 立方晶窒化硼素である第1材料と、ジルコニウムの酸化物である第2材料と、アルミニウムの酸化物である第3材料とを含む焼結体であって、
前記第2材料は、立方晶ZrO2とZrOとを含み、
前記第3材料は、α型Al2O3を含み、
前記α型Al2O3の(110)面、前記立方晶ZrO2の(111)面、および前記ZrOの(111)面のX線回折強度を、それぞれIal(110)、Izro2(111)、Izro(111)として表わす場合、
0.9≦Izro2(111)/Ial(110)≦30、かつ
0.3≦Izro(111)/Ial(110)≦3
を満たす、焼結体。 - 前記Ial(110)、前記Izro2(111)、および前記Izro(111)は、
1.1≦Izro2(111)/Ial(110)≦10、かつ
1≦Izro(111)/Ial(110)≦2.5
を満たす、請求項1に記載の焼結体。 - 前記立方晶ZrO2は、部分安定化ZrO2を含む、請求項1または請求項2に記載の焼結体。
- 前記立方晶ZrO2は、Al2O3およびY2O3を固溶している、請求項1~請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体。
- 前記焼結体は、20~80体積%の前記第1材料を含む、請求項1~請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体。
- 前記焼結体は、30~60体積%の前記第1材料を含む、請求項1~請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体。
- 前記焼結体は、さらに第4材料を含み、
前記第4材料は、酸化マグネシウム、酸化セリウム、酸化イットリウム、および酸化ハフニウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1~請求項6のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体。 - 前記焼結体は、さらに第5材料を含み、
前記第5材料は、周期表の4族元素、5族元素、6族元素、Al、およびSiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素と、炭素、窒素、および硼素からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素とからなる少なくとも1種の化合物である、請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体。 - 請求項1~請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の焼結体を含む切削工具。
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JP2017501349A JP6619794B2 (ja) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-01-26 | 焼結体および切削工具 |
EP16802837.1A EP3153485B1 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-01-26 | Sintered body and cutting tool |
CN201680002170.0A CN106715360B (zh) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-01-26 | 烧结体和切削工具 |
CA2954661A CA2954661A1 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-01-26 | Sintered compact and cutting tool |
KR1020177002884A KR102558333B1 (ko) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-01-26 | 소결체 및 절삭 공구 |
US15/324,182 US9856175B2 (en) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-01-26 | Sintered compact and cutting tool |
MX2017001061A MX2017001061A (es) | 2015-05-29 | 2016-01-26 | Cuerpo sinterizado y herramienta de corte. |
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JP6755239B2 (ja) * | 2015-04-20 | 2020-09-16 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 焼結体およびそれを含む切削工具 |
CN106795061B (zh) * | 2015-05-29 | 2020-01-21 | 住友电工硬质合金株式会社 | 烧结体及切削工具 |
CN107922274B (zh) | 2016-05-27 | 2021-08-27 | 住友电气工业株式会社 | 烧结材料及包含所述烧结材料的切削工具 |
WO2018074017A1 (ja) | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-26 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 焼結体およびそれを含む切削工具 |
WO2021010478A1 (ja) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-01-21 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 立方晶窒化硼素焼結体 |
US20220080511A1 (en) * | 2020-09-16 | 2022-03-17 | Board Of Trustees Of Michigan State University | Cubic boron nitride inserts, related methods, and related apparatus |
CN113321504A (zh) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-08-31 | 中国有色桂林矿产地质研究院有限公司 | 一种氧化锆增韧氧化铝陶瓷材料及其制备方法和应用 |
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EP3239116A4 (en) * | 2014-12-24 | 2018-07-25 | Tungaloy Corporation | Cubic boron nitride sintered body and coated cubic boron nitride sintered body |
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JP7167914B2 (ja) | 2017-05-26 | 2022-11-09 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 焼結体およびその製造方法 |
JP2022174067A (ja) * | 2017-05-26 | 2022-11-22 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 焼結体 |
JP7452589B2 (ja) | 2017-05-26 | 2024-03-19 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 焼結体 |
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US20170197885A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
EP3153485B1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
US9856175B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 |
JPWO2016194398A1 (ja) | 2018-03-22 |
KR20180015603A (ko) | 2018-02-13 |
MX2017001061A (es) | 2017-05-09 |
CA2954661A1 (en) | 2016-12-08 |
JP6619794B2 (ja) | 2019-12-11 |
CN106715360A (zh) | 2017-05-24 |
KR102558333B1 (ko) | 2023-07-20 |
CN106715360B (zh) | 2020-02-11 |
EP3153485A4 (en) | 2018-04-04 |
EP3153485A1 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
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