WO2016190023A1 - 還元鉄の製造方法 - Google Patents
還元鉄の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016190023A1 WO2016190023A1 PCT/JP2016/062957 JP2016062957W WO2016190023A1 WO 2016190023 A1 WO2016190023 A1 WO 2016190023A1 JP 2016062957 W JP2016062957 W JP 2016062957W WO 2016190023 A1 WO2016190023 A1 WO 2016190023A1
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- mass
- agglomerate
- iron
- reducing agent
- carbonaceous reducing
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- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 156
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 213
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 129
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 80
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 28
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 70
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 38
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 22
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 13
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 7
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 4
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004484 Briquette Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001609030 Brosme brosme Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002261 Corn starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthracen-1-ylmethanolate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=C3C(C[O-])=CC=CC3=CC2=C1 RHZUVFJBSILHOK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003830 anthracite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008120 corn starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001873 dinitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004993 emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000000540 fraction c Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007561 laser diffraction method Methods 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007885 magnetic separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006148 magnetic separator Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 natural ore Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940063896 nitrogen 60 % Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011946 reduction process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004448 titration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0046—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes making metallised agglomerates or iron oxide
- C21B13/0053—On a massing grate
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/006—Starting from ores containing non ferrous metallic oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/10—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in hearth-type furnaces
- C21B13/105—Rotary hearth-type furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/12—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes in electric furnaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
- C22B1/242—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders
- C22B1/244—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic
- C22B1/245—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating with binders organic with carbonaceous material for the production of coked agglomerates
Definitions
- the present invention provides an agglomerate by heating an agglomerate comprising an iron oxide source such as iron ore (also referred to as “iron oxide-containing substance”) and a carbonaceous reducing agent containing carbon such as coal.
- an iron oxide source such as iron ore (also referred to as “iron oxide-containing substance”)
- a carbonaceous reducing agent containing carbon such as coal.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing reduced iron by reducing iron oxide therein.
- Patent Document 10 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2014-623211 discloses the use of a carbonaceous reducing agent having an average particle diameter of 40 to 160 ⁇ m and containing 2% by mass or more of particles having a particle diameter of 400 ⁇ m or more.
- Patent Document 11 discloses a first carbonaceous reducing agent having a size of less than 48 mesh and an average particle of the first carbonaceous reducing agent having a size of 3 to 48 mesh.
- An agglomerate comprising a second carbonaceous reducing agent having an average particle size larger than the size is disclosed.
- the first carbonaceous reducing agent is contained in an amount of 65% to 95% of the stoichiometric ratio necessary for converting the iron oxide-containing substance into reduced iron
- the second carbonaceous reducing agent is an iron oxide-containing substance. Is contained in an amount of 20% to 60% of the stoichiometric ratio necessary to make reduced iron.
- the agglomerate disclosed in Patent Document 10 can improve the yield of reduced iron having a large particle size by including a carbonaceous reducing agent having a particle size of 400 ⁇ m or more.
- a carbonaceous reducing agent having a particle diameter of 400 ⁇ m or more it may be difficult to produce an agglomerate before heating.
- Patent Document 11 Since the agglomerate disclosed in Patent Document 11 needs to prepare carbonaceous reducing agents having two types of particle diameters, it is necessary to prepare two pulverizing facilities for the carbonaceous reducing agent. This has a demerit that the cost of the production equipment is increased.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above situation, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing reduced iron with high productivity.
- the method for producing reduced iron according to the present invention comprises a step of agglomerating a mixture containing an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous reducing agent, and agglomeration by heating the agglomerate. Reducing iron oxide in the product to produce reduced iron, and the mass ratio of the amount of oxygen contained in the iron oxide in the agglomerate is O FeO, and the total fixation contained in the agglomerate When the mass ratio of the carbon amount is C fix and the mass ratio of particles having a particle diameter of 105 ⁇ m or less with respect to the total mass of the particles constituting the carbonaceous reducing agent is X under105 , the following formula (I) is satisfied.
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing the correlation between C fix ⁇ X under105 / O 2 FeO and iron yield (mass%) in each example and each comparative example, the vertical axis is iron yield (mass%), and the horizontal axis Is C fix ⁇ X under105 / O FeO .
- FIG. 2 is a graph showing the correlation between C fix ⁇ X under105 / O 2 FeO and the powder generation rate (mass%) of each example and each comparative example, and the vertical axis is the powder generation ratio (mass%).
- the horizontal axis is C fix ⁇ X under105 / O FeO .
- FIG. 3 shows the particle size distribution of coal used in Example 3 (A-5), Comparative Example 1 (A-1) and Comparative Example 2 (A-4), and the vertical axis represents frequency (mass%).
- the horizontal axis is the particle diameter ( ⁇ m).
- FIG. 4 is a particle size distribution of coal used in Example 4 (A-7), Comparative Example 3 (A-6) and Comparative Example 4 (B-1), and the vertical axis represents frequency (mass%).
- the horizontal axis is the particle diameter ( ⁇ m).
- FIG. 5 is used in Example 1 (A-2), Example 2 (A-3), Example 7 (B-3), Example 8 (B-4), and Comparative Example 5 (B-2). It is a particle size distribution of coal, a vertical axis
- shaft is frequency (mass%), and a horizontal axis
- shaft is a particle diameter (micrometer).
- the present inventors examined the relationship between the amount of oxygen contained in iron oxide in the agglomerate, the amount of carbonaceous reducing agent in the agglomerate, and the particle size. As a result, if the amount of carbonaceous reductant in the agglomerate is excessive relative to the amount of oxygen contained in the iron oxide in the agglomerate, that is, it contains fixed carbon exceeding the amount of carbon necessary for the reduction of iron oxide. When it does, it became clear that reduced iron does not fully aggregate and the yield of reduced iron falls.
- the method for producing reduced iron according to the present invention includes a step of agglomerating a mixture containing an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous reducing agent (hereinafter also referred to as “agglomeration step”), Heating the agglomerate to reduce iron oxide in the agglomerate to produce reduced iron (hereinafter also referred to as “reduction process”).
- the mass ratio of the amount of oxygen contained in the iron oxide in the agglomerate is O FeO
- the mass ratio of the total fixed carbon content contained in the agglomerate is C fix
- the total amount of particles constituting the carbonaceous reducing agent is
- reduced iron permeate transmits between the particles of a carbonaceous reducing agent, and reduced iron becomes easy to aggregate. Thereby, reduced irons unite and it can raise the recovery rate of coarse reduced iron with a diameter of 3.35 mm or more.
- the left side of the formula (I) is more preferably 45 or less, and further preferably 40 or less.
- the method of setting the left side of the above formula (I) to 51 or less is not particularly limited, and the mass ratio C fix of the total fixed carbon amount contained in the agglomerate may be reduced, or iron oxide in the agglomerate
- the mass ratio O FeO of the oxygen amount contained in the carbonaceous reductant may be increased, or the mass ratio X under105 of the particles having a particle diameter of 105 ⁇ m or less among the particles constituting the carbonaceous reducing agent may be decreased.
- the “mass fraction C fix of the total fixed carbon amount contained in the agglomerate” in the formula (I) is contained in the mass proportion of the fixed carbon amount contained in the carbonaceous reducing agent and, if a binder is contained, the binder. It is calculated by the sum of the mass ratio of the fixed carbon amount.
- regulated by JISM8812 is employ
- the mass ratio of the fixed carbon amount contained in the binder can be calculated by the same method as the fixed carbon amount contained in the carbonaceous reducing agent.
- mass fraction of the amount of oxygen contained in the iron oxide in the agglomerate O FeO represents the mass fraction of the amount of oxygen contained in the iron oxide in the iron oxide-containing substance, and the carbonaceous reducing agent. It is calculated by the sum of the mass ratio of the amount of oxygen contained in the iron oxide in the ash among the components. Since the iron oxide in the agglomerate is contained as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) or hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ), the mass ratio of the amount of oxygen contained in each iron oxide after specifying the content ratio thereof The mass ratio of the amount of oxygen contained in iron oxide is calculated by converting to.
- the ratio of ash contained in the carbonaceous reducing agent is a value quantified by the ash content determination method defined in JIS M8812.
- the ratio of iron oxide in the ash content is high frequency inductive coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopic analysis.
- ICP inductive coupled plasma
- the “mass ratio X under105 of particles having a particle diameter of 105 ⁇ m or less among the particles constituting the carbonaceous reducing agent” in the formula (I) is determined by using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Microtrack FRA 9220 manufactured by Leads and Northrup). This is a value obtained by measuring the particle size distribution of the carbonaceous reducing agent and calculating the mass% of the mass of the particle diameter with a volume average particle diameter of 105 ⁇ m or less with respect to the mass of the total particle diameter. In the measurement by the measuring device, the value of the volume ratio is calculated, but the volume ratio is assumed to be equal to the mass ratio.
- an agglomerate is produced by agglomerating a mixture containing the iron oxide-containing substance and the carbonaceous reducing agent.
- the mixture can be obtained by mixing raw material powders such as an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous reducing agent with a mixer.
- raw material powders such as an iron oxide-containing substance and a carbonaceous reducing agent
- One or both of a melting point adjusting agent and a binder may be further mixed into the above mixture.
- the mixer for producing the above mixture may be either a rotating container type or a fixed container type.
- the rotating container type mixer include a rotating cylindrical shape, a double cone shape, and a V shape.
- a fixed container type mixer for example, a mixing tank provided with rotating blades such as a basket inside can be mentioned.
- the agglomerate is produced using an agglomerator that agglomerates the mixture.
- an agglomerating machine for example, a dish granulator, a cylindrical granulator, a twin roll briquette molding machine, or the like can be used.
- the shape of the agglomerate is not particularly limited, and may be a pellet shape, a briquette shape, or the like. Pellet molding, briquette molding or extrusion molding can be used as a method for molding the agglomerate.
- the size of the agglomerate is not particularly limited, but a particle size of 50 mm or less is preferable. More preferably, the particle diameter is 40 mm or less. By using an agglomerate having such a particle size, the granulation efficiency can be increased, and heat can be easily distributed throughout the agglomerate during heating. On the other hand, the size of the agglomerate is preferably 5 mm or more, and more preferably 10 mm or more. By using such a particle size, the agglomerate can be easily handled.
- the iron oxide-containing substance contains iron oxide such as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ), and generates reduced iron by being heated together with the carbonaceous reducing agent in a subsequent heating step.
- O FeO of formula (I) mass ratio of the amount of oxygen contained in iron oxide in the agglomerate
- iron oxide-containing substance iron ore, iron sand, iron-making dust, non-ferrous refining residue, iron-making waste, and the like can be used.
- the iron ore for example, Australian or Indian hematite ore is preferably used.
- the iron oxide-containing substance is preferably pulverized in advance before mixing, and more preferably pulverized so that the average particle size is 10 to 60 ⁇ m.
- the method for pulverizing the iron oxide-containing substance is not particularly limited, and known means such as a vibration mill, a roll crusher, and a ball mill can be employed.
- the carbonaceous reducing agent reduces iron oxide contained in the iron oxide-containing substance, and is added to supply fixed carbon to the agglomerate.
- C fix (mass ratio of the total fixed carbon amount contained in the agglomerate) of the formula (I) can be adjusted by increasing or decreasing the ratio of the carbonaceous reducing agent.
- carbonaceous reducing agent coal, coke, iron-making dust etc. can be used, for example.
- the carbonaceous reducing agent has an atomic molar ratio (O FeO / C fix ) with the oxygen atom O FeO contained in the iron oxide in the agglomerate to the total fixed carbon amount C fix contained in the agglomerate is 0.8. It is preferable to add so that it may become 2 or less.
- the lower limit of the atomic molar ratio O FeO / C fix is preferably 0.9 or more, more preferably 1.0 or more, and further preferably 1.1 or more.
- the upper limit of the atomic molar ratio O FeO / C fix is preferably 1.8 or less, more preferably 1.7 or less.
- the yield of reduced iron is the mass ratio of reduced iron having a diameter of 3.35 mm or more with respect to the total mass of iron contained in the agglomerate, and [(weight of reduced iron having a diameter of 3.35 mm or more / lumb The total mass of iron contained in the composition) ⁇ 100].
- the upper limit of the average particle diameter of the carbonaceous reducing agent is preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 700 ⁇ m or less, and even more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less. When the average particle size is 1000 ⁇ m or less, the reduction of iron oxide contained in the iron oxide-containing substance can be promoted uniformly.
- the lower limit of the average particle diameter is preferably 100 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 150 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 200 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter means 50% volume particle diameter.
- Particles with a carbonaceous reducing agent particle size of 710 ⁇ m or more use the value obtained by measuring the particle size distribution using a standard sieve specified in JIS, and particles with a particle size of less than 710 ⁇ m use a laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer and a value measured with a Microtrac FRA 9220 manufactured by Northrup).
- the average particle size of the carbonaceous reducing agent affects the productivity of reduced iron, but the present inventors have determined that the particle size distribution of the reduced iron is rather than the average particle size of the carbonaceous reducing agent. We found that it affects productivity. In other words, the present inventors, regardless of whether the average particle size of the carbonaceous reducing agent is large or small, does not significantly affect the yield of reduced iron, but rather the carbonaceous reducing agent. It has been found that reducing the proportion of particles of 105 ⁇ m or less contained in the material improves the yield of reduced iron. This is because the carbonaceous reducing agent of particles of 105 ⁇ m or less fills between the particles of the carbonaceous reducing agent, so that the reduced iron is less likely to aggregate to a coarse size of 3.35 mm or more.
- the mass ratio X under105 of particles having a particle diameter of 105 ⁇ m or less with respect to the total mass of the particles constituting the carbonaceous reducing agent is preferably 65% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or less, Preferably it is 25 mass% or less.
- X under105 is preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 3% by mass or more, and further preferably 5% by mass or more.
- the particle size distribution of the carbonaceous reducing agent can be obtained by using the same measurement device as that used to measure the average particle size.
- the mass ratio X 120 to 250 of particles having a particle size of 120 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m with respect to the total mass of the particles constituting the carbonaceous reducing agent is preferably 30% by mass to 80% by mass.
- X 120 to 250 is more preferably 45% by mass or more, and further preferably 50% by mass or more.
- X 120 to 250 is preferably 75% by mass or less.
- the melting point adjusting agent is a component that acts to lower the melting point of gangue in the iron oxide-containing substance and the melting point of ash in the carbonaceous reducing agent.
- the gangue melts upon heating to form molten slag.
- a part of the iron oxide is dissolved in the molten slag and reduced in the molten slag to become metallic iron.
- This metallic iron agglomerates as solid metallic iron in contact with the reduced metallic iron in the solid state.
- a CaO supply material As the melting point adjusting agent, a CaO supply material, a MgO supply material, a SiO 2 supply material, or the like can be used.
- the CaO supply substance one or more selected from the group consisting of CaO (quick lime), Ca (OH) 2 (slaked lime), CaCO 3 (limestone) and CaMg (CO 3 ) 2 (dolomite) can be used.
- the MgO supply material include MgO-containing material extracted from MgO powder, natural ore, seawater, and the like, and MgCO 3 .
- the SiO 2 supply substance include SiO 2 powder and silica sand.
- the melting point adjusting agent is preferably pulverized in advance before mixing.
- the melting point modifier is preferably pulverized so that the average particle size is 5 ⁇ m or more and 90 ⁇ m or less.
- the same pulverization method as that for the iron oxide-containing material can be used.
- Binder for example, a polysaccharide such as starch such as corn starch or wheat flour can be used.
- heating process reduced iron is produced by heating the agglomerate obtained in the agglomeration step.
- the heating step it is preferable to charge the agglomerate to 1300 ° C. or more and 1500 ° C. or less by charging the agglomerate into a heating furnace and raising the temperature in the furnace.
- the said heating temperature is 1300 degreeC or more, metallic iron becomes easy to fuse
- heating temperature is 1500 degrees C or less, it can suppress that the temperature of waste gas becomes high and can suppress the cost of waste gas treatment equipment.
- the hearth it is preferable to protect the hearth by placing a floor covering material on the hearth before charging the agglomerate into the heating furnace.
- the floor covering material include carbonaceous materials, refractory ceramics, refractory particles, and materials used for the above-described carbonaceous reducing agent.
- the material constituting the flooring material is preferably one having a particle size of 0.5 mm or more and 3 mm or less. By being 0.5 mm or more, the flooring material can be prevented from flying with the combustion gas of the burner in the furnace. By being 3 mm or less, it becomes difficult for the agglomerate and its melt to sink into the flooring material.
- the moving hearth type heating furnace is a heating furnace in which the hearth moves in the furnace like a belt conveyor, and examples thereof include a rotary hearth furnace and a tunnel furnace.
- Rotating hearth furnaces are designed to have a circular or donut-shaped outer hearth shape, and the start and end points of the hearth are in the same position.
- the iron oxide contained in the agglomerate charged on the hearth is heated and reduced during one round of the furnace to produce reduced iron. Therefore, the rotary hearth furnace is provided with charging means for charging the agglomerate into the furnace on the most upstream side in the rotation direction, and with discharging means on the most downstream side in the rotation direction.
- the discharge means is provided immediately upstream of the charging means.
- a tunnel furnace is a heating furnace in which the hearth moves in the furnace in a linear direction.
- the granular metallic iron obtained in the granulation step is discharged from the furnace together with slag produced as a by-product and floor covering material laid as necessary.
- the granular metallic iron discharged in this manner can be collected using a sieve, a magnetic separator, or the like to recover reduced iron having a desired size. Reduced iron can be manufactured as described above.
- the reduced iron production method of the present invention has high reduced iron productivity.
- the mass ratio O FeO of the amount of oxygen contained in the iron oxide in the agglomerate, and the mass percentage C fix of the total fixed carbon amount contained in the agglomerate Since the mass ratio of particles having a particle diameter of 105 ⁇ m or less and X under105 are contained in an appropriate ratio, the yield of reduced iron can be improved and the productivity of reduced iron can be increased.
- reduced iron becomes easy to osmose
- the mass ratio of particles having a particle size of 120 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less with respect to the total mass of particles constituting the carbonaceous reducing agent is 30% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less, so that oxidation in the iron oxide-containing substance is performed. Iron can be reduced efficiently, and reduced iron tends to aggregate and increase in size.
- Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 A mixture was prepared by blending iron ore (iron oxide-containing substance), coal (carbonaceous reducing agent), limestone (melting point modifier), and wheat flour (binder) at the blending ratio shown in Table 1.
- coal carbonaceous reducing agent
- limestone melting point modifier
- wheat flour binder
- As the coal 11 types (A-1 to A-7 and B-1 to B-4) having different particle size distributions and compositions as shown in Tables 2 and 3 below were used.
- An appropriate amount of water was added to the above mixture, and raw pellets (agglomerated) having a size of ⁇ 19 mm were granulated by a tire type granulator. The raw pellets were dried by heating at 180 ° C. for 1 hour using a dryer to obtain dry pellets.
- charcoal anthracite having a maximum particle size of 2 mm or less was placed on the hearth of the heating furnace, and dried pellets were placed on the charcoal. Then, the inside of the heating furnace is heated at 1450 ° C. for 11.5 minutes while introducing a mixed gas containing 40% by volume of nitrogen gas and 60% by volume of carbon dioxide gas into the heating furnace at a gas flow rate of 220 NL / min. The iron oxide was reduced by this to produce heated pellets. In addition, even if it changed the component and flow volume of the mixed gas introduce
- the above heated pellets were taken out from the heating furnace and subjected to magnetic separation, and then sieved using a sieve having an opening of 3.35 mm, and reduced iron having a diameter of 3.35 mm or more was recovered.
- Mass ratio C fix of the total fixed carbon amount in Table 1 is the total mass ratio (%) of fixed carbon contained in the carbonaceous reducing agent and binder in the pellet.
- a value calculated by a fixed carbon mass fraction calculation method defined in JIS M8812 was adopted.
- Oxygen amount in iron oxide O FeO in Table 1 is the mass ratio of the oxygen amount contained in the iron oxide in the iron oxide-containing substance and the oxygen contained in the iron oxide in the ash among the components of the carbonaceous reducing agent. The total mass ratio (%) with the mass ratio of the quantity.
- the mass ratio of the amount of oxygen contained in iron oxide in the iron oxide-containing material is the mass percentage of the amount of oxygen contained in each of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) in the iron oxide-containing material. Calculated by sum. Details of the calculation method will be described later.
- the proportion of ash contained in the carbonaceous reducing agent was quantified by the ash content quantification method defined in JIS M8812.
- “105 ⁇ m or less mass ratio (%) X under105 ” in Table 1 is the mass ratio (%) of particles having a particle diameter of 105 ⁇ m or less with respect to the total mass of particles constituting the carbonaceous reducing agent. This mass ratio was calculated by measuring the particle size distribution of the particles constituting the carbonaceous reducing agent using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring apparatus (Microtrack FRA 9220 manufactured by Leads and Northrup).
- 120 to 250 ⁇ m mass ratio (%) X 120 to 250 is the mass ratio (%) of particles having a particle diameter of 120 to 250 ⁇ m with respect to the total mass of the particles constituting the carbonaceous reducing agent. This mass ratio was calculated by measuring with the laser diffraction particle size distribution analyzer.
- Iron yield in Table 1 is the mass ratio of reduced iron on the sieve to the total mass of iron in the pellets charged in the heating furnace, and is a value calculated by the following equation. The higher the iron yield value, the higher the productivity.
- the “powder generation rate” in Table 1 is the mass ratio of fine iron not remaining on the sieve to the total mass of iron in the pellets charged in the heating furnace, and is a value calculated by the following equation. .
- Powder generation rate (%) ((total mass of iron in pellets charged into heating furnace ⁇ mass of fine iron in reduced iron on sieve) / total mass of iron in pellets charged into heating furnace) ⁇ 100
- FIG. 1 is a graph showing a correlation between C fix ⁇ X under105 / O 2 FeO and iron yield (mass%) in each example and each comparative example
- FIG. 2 shows C fix in each example and each comparative example. It is a graph which shows the correlation with xX under105 / O FeO and a powder generation rate (mass%).
- FIGS. 3 to 5 are graphs of the particle size distribution of coals A-1 to A-7 and B-1 to B-4.
- FIG. 3 shows the particle size distribution of coal having a two-peaked particle size distribution
- FIG. 4 shows the particle size distribution of coal having different average particle diameters but similar shapes of peaks in the particle size distribution.
- FIG. 5 shows the particle size distribution of coal having an average particle size of one mountain shape. As shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, it can be seen that the productivity of reduced iron may be high or low regardless of whether the shape of the particle size distribution is a single or double shape.
- iron oxide-containing substance examples include 62.52% by mass of iron (T.Fe), 1.51% by mass of FeO, 5.98% by mass of SiO 2 , and 0.82% by mass of Al 2 O 3. And a hematite iron ore having a component composition containing 0.10% by mass of CaO and 0.07% by mass of MgO. T. mentioned above.
- Fe and FeO contents values determined by the potassium nichromate titration method were adopted.
- the iron oxide-containing substance is a hematite-based iron ore
- FeO exists as magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) in iron (T.Fe) contained in the iron oxide-containing substance, and other irons are hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) was assumed to exist. Based on this assumption, the mass% of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) and hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) was calculated by the following calculation formula.
- the iron oxide contains 84.35% by mass of hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ) and 4.87% by mass of magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ), and the mass of oxygen contained in these iron oxides
- the rate (O FeO ) was calculated to be 26.7% by mass.
- Table 2 is included in coals A-1 to A-7 and B-1 to B-4 measured under the following measurement conditions using a laser diffraction particle size distribution measuring device (Microtrack FRA 9220 manufactured by Leads and Northrup). The frequency (% by mass) with respect to each particle size ( ⁇ m). In the laser diffraction method, the particle size distribution is measured by volume%, and it is assumed that volume% is equal to mass%.
- “Fixed carbon (C carbon )”, “volatile matter” and “ash” in Table 3 are the fixed carbon mass fraction calculation method, volatilization, and fixed carbon, volatile matter and distribution, respectively, defined in JIS M 8812. It is the value quantified by the fraction determination method and the ash determination method. Fixed carbon (C carbon ) was calculated by subtracting the mass of ash and volatiles from the whole (100).
- the “amount of oxygen contained in iron oxide in coal” in Table 3 is (ash analysis value) ⁇ (analysis value of Fe 2 O 3 in ash) / 100 / (molecular weight of Fe 2 O 3 ) ⁇ oxygen atomic weight ⁇ 3 Is a value calculated by
- ⁇ Limestone (melting point modifier)> As a melting point adjusting agent, a component composition containing 0.23% by mass of SiO 2 , 57.01% by mass of CaO, 0.16% by mass of Al 2 O 3 , and 0.17% by mass of MgO. Limestone was used. In addition, the component composition of melting
- binder flour having an ingredient composition containing 71.77% by mass of total carbon, 9.32% by mass of fixed carbon, 90.02% by mass of volatile matter, and 0.66% by mass of ash is used. It was.
- component composition of wheat flour was quantified by the same technique as that for the carbonaceous reducing agent.
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Abstract
Description
塊成化工程では、酸化鉄含有物質及び炭素質還元剤を含む混合物を塊成化することにより塊成物を製造する。
塊成物は、上記混合物を塊成化する塊成機を用いて作製される。塊成機としては、例えば、皿形造粒機、円筒形造粒機、双ロール型ブリケット成型機等を用いることができる。塊成物の形状は、特に限定されず、ペレット状、ブリケット状等であればよい。塊成物の成型方法としては、ペレット成型、ブリケット成型又は押し出し成型を用いることができる。
酸化鉄含有物質は、マグネタイト(Fe3O4)、ヘマタイト(Fe2O3)等の酸化鉄を含有し、後の加熱工程で炭素質還元剤とともに加熱されることにより還元鉄を生成する。式(I)のOFeO(塊成物中の酸化鉄に含まれる酸素量の質量率)は、酸化鉄含有物質の割合を増減させることによって調整することができる。このような酸化鉄含有物質としては、鉄鉱石、砂鉄、製鉄ダスト、非鉄精錬残渣、製鉄廃棄物等を用いることができる。上記鉄鉱石としては、例えば、豪州産又はインド産のヘマタイト鉱石を用いることが好ましい。
炭素質還元剤は、酸化鉄含有物質に含まれる酸化鉄を還元するものであり、塊成物に固定炭素を供給するために添加される。式(I)のCfix(塊成物に含まれる全固定炭素量の質量率)は、炭素質還元剤の割合を増減させることによって調整することができる。上記炭素質還元剤としては、例えば、石炭、コークス、製鉄ダスト等を用いることができる。
融点調整剤は、酸化鉄含有物質中の脈石の融点及び炭素質還元剤中の灰分の融点を下げる作用を示す成分である。かかる融点調整剤を配合することにより、加熱時に脈石が溶融して溶融スラグとなる。この溶融スラグに酸化鉄の一部が溶解し、溶融スラグ中で還元されて金属鉄となる。この金属鉄は、固体のまま還元された金属鉄と接触して固体の金属鉄として凝集する。
バインダーとしては、例えば、コーンスターチや小麦粉等の澱粉などの多糖類を用いることができる。
加熱工程では、上記塊成化工程で得られた塊成物を加熱することにより還元鉄を作製する。
上記粒状化工程で得られた粒状金属鉄は、副生したスラグや、必要に応じて敷かれた床敷材等と共に炉内から排出される。このように排出された粒状金属鉄は、篩や磁選機等を用いて選別することにより所望の大きさの還元鉄を回収することができる。以上のようにして還元鉄を製造することができる。
表1に示す配合比率で、鉄鉱石(酸化鉄含有物質)と、石炭(炭素質還元剤)と、石灰石(融点調整剤)と、小麦粉(バインダー)とを配合することにより混合物を作製した。石炭は、後掲の表2及び表3に示すように粒径分布及び組成が異なる11種(A-1~A-7及びB-1~B-4)を用いた。上記混合物に適量の水を加えてタイヤ型造粒機によってφ19mmの大きさの生ペレット(塊成物)を造粒した。この生ペレットを、乾燥機を用いて180℃で1時間加熱することにより乾燥させて、乾燥ペレットを得た。
酸化鉄含有物質としては、62.52質量%の鉄(T.Fe)と、1.51質量%のFeOと、5.98質量%のSiO2と、0.82質量%のAl2O3と、0.10質量%のCaOと、0.07質量%のMgOとを含む成分組成のヘマタイト系鉄鉱石を用いた。上記T.Fe及びFeOの含有量は、ニクロム酸カリウム滴定法で定量した値を採用した。
ヘマタイト(Fe2O3)量=((T.Fe分析値)-(Fe3O4量/Fe3O4分子量×鉄原子量×3))/(鉄原子量×2)×(Fe2O3分子量)
酸化鉄に含まれる酸素量(OFeO)=Fe2O3量×酸素原子量×3+Fe3O4量×酸素原子量×4
炭素質還元剤としては、粒度分布及び組成が異なる11種(A-1~A-7及びB-1~B-4)の石炭を用いた。各石炭の粒度分布及び組成はそれぞれ表2及び表3に示す。
測定方式:レーザー回析/散乱式
測定範囲:0.12~710μm
溶媒:純水
融点調整剤としては、0.23質量%のSiO2と、57.01質量%のCaOと、0.16質量%のAl2O3と、0.17質量%のMgOとを含む成分組成の石灰石を用いた。なお、融点調整剤の成分組成は、上記炭素質還元剤と同一の手法で定量した。
バインダーとしては、71.77質量%の全炭素と、9.32質量%の固定炭素と、90.02質量%の揮発分と、0.66質量%の灰分とを含む成分組成の小麦粉を用いた。なお、小麦粉の成分組成は、上記炭素質還元剤と同一の手法で定量した。
Claims (3)
- 酸化鉄含有物質及び炭素質還元剤を含む混合物を塊成化することにより塊成物を作製する工程と、
前記塊成物を加熱することにより、該塊成物中の酸化鉄を還元して還元鉄を作製する工程とを含み、
前記塊成物中の酸化鉄に含まれる酸素量の質量率をOFeOとし、
前記塊成物に含まれる全固定炭素量の質量率をCfixとし、
前記炭素質還元剤を構成する粒子の全質量に対する、105μm以下の粒子径の粒子の質量率をXunder105とすると、下記の式(I)を満たすことを特徴とする還元鉄の製造方法。
Cfix×Xunder105/OFeO≦51 ・・・(I) - 前記Xunder105が1質量%以上65質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の還元鉄の製造方法。
- 前記炭素質還元剤を構成する粒子の全質量に対する、120μm以上250μm以下の粒子径の粒子の質量率は、30質量%以上80質量%以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の還元鉄の製造方法。
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JP2016222957A (ja) | 2016-12-28 |
US20180209012A1 (en) | 2018-07-26 |
US10683562B2 (en) | 2020-06-16 |
UA119292C2 (uk) | 2019-05-27 |
CN107614710A (zh) | 2018-01-19 |
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