WO2016184400A1 - 一种新的18α-甘草次酸衍生物及其医药用途 - Google Patents

一种新的18α-甘草次酸衍生物及其医药用途 Download PDF

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WO2016184400A1
WO2016184400A1 PCT/CN2016/082646 CN2016082646W WO2016184400A1 WO 2016184400 A1 WO2016184400 A1 WO 2016184400A1 CN 2016082646 W CN2016082646 W CN 2016082646W WO 2016184400 A1 WO2016184400 A1 WO 2016184400A1
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glycyrrhetinic acid
choline salt
ray powder
powder diffraction
crystal form
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PCT/CN2016/082646
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French (fr)
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张喜全
张爱明
徐宏江
董平
周浩
田心
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正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司
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Priority to CN201680028986.0A priority Critical patent/CN107531745B/zh
Publication of WO2016184400A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016184400A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07JSTEROIDS
    • C07J63/00Steroids in which the cyclopenta(a)hydrophenanthrene skeleton has been modified by expansion of only one ring by one or two atoms
    • C07J63/008Expansion of ring D by one atom, e.g. D homo steroids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P1/00Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system
    • A61P1/16Drugs for disorders of the alimentary tract or the digestive system for liver or gallbladder disorders, e.g. hepatoprotective agents, cholagogues, litholytics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • A61P31/12Antivirals
    • A61P31/14Antivirals for RNA viruses

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of medicine, in particular to a novel 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid derivative and its medical use.
  • Glycyrrhizin is an effective active ingredient extracted from licorice, which has many pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic reaction and anti-biooxidation.
  • glycyrrhizic acid is hydrolyzed by gastric acid or decomposed into glycyrrhetinic acid by ⁇ -glucuronidase in the liver, and then 3-form-glycyrrhetic acid and a small amount of 3-dehydroglycyrrhetic acid are produced in the liver and intestine to produce drug activity.
  • glycyrrhizic drugs is essentially the effect of glycyrrhetinic acid (Hao Fei, Glycyrrhizic Acid Research Progress abroad, Chinese Pharmacy, 2001, 12(8): 500-501).
  • Glycyrrhizic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid saponin. Due to the difference in the configuration of the 18-position chiral carbon atom of the triterpenoid saponin, glycyrrhizic acid has a pair of epimers, namely 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhizic acid and 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhizic acid. After hydrolysis, the corresponding 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid and 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid can be produced.
  • 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid is superior to 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid in the treatment of hepatitis and drug liver damage and the side effect is also weaker than 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid.
  • the side effects of glycyrrhetinic acid drugs are mainly adrenal cortical hormone-like adverse reactions such as sodium retention, hypertension, and low potassium alkaline poisoning.
  • Renal 11 ⁇ -OHSD 2 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase
  • invertase is a biological enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of cortisol to inactive cortisone. If the invertase is inhibited, it increases the binding amount of cortisol and mineralocorticoid receptors in the body, eventually leading to adrenal cortical hormone-like adverse reactions, elevated blood pressure and decreased blood potassium.
  • the glycyrrhizic acid compound of 18 ⁇ configuration also inhibited the activity of 11 ⁇ -OHSD 2 (Yu Jin, Lou Yijia, ⁇ -glycyrrhizin inhibited the inhibition of renal 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, Zhejiang Medical, 2005, 27 (4): 263-265), this class of drugs can also induce adrenal cortical hormone-like adverse reactions (Chu Ruiqi, Wang Yongmei, analysis of adverse reactions of three glycyrrhizic acid injections, Chinese Journal of Dermatology and Venereology, 2006, 20 (1 ): 33-34).
  • 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid Although the side effects of 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid are less than 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid, its clinical application is still greatly limited. Therefore, how to improve and select 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid to promote its clinical application is a technical problem to be solved.
  • the 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid derivative of the present invention is a 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid choline salt, which can be produced by the following method:
  • Step 1 adding 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhizic acid compound to anhydrous alkyl alcohol or aromatic alcohol, adding a dehydrating agent, heating under reflux, cooling, crystallizing solid, filtering, refining with ethanol/water, and drying to obtain 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinate Compound.
  • the 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhizic acid compound may be selected from the group consisting of 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhizic acid and 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhizinate, and the 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhizinate may be exemplified by potassium, sodium, ammonium, calcium and magnesium salts.
  • the dehydrating agent may be an acid chloride or a concentrated sulfuric acid, wherein the acid chloride may be oxalyl chloride, acetyl chloride or sulfuryl chloride, and the sulfonyl chloride may be methanesulfonyl chloride, benzenesulfonyl chloride or p-toluenesulfonyl chloride.
  • the reaction is carried out in a solvent, or the alcohol participating in the reaction is used as a solvent, and the reaction solvent is a solvent capable of dissolving the 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhizic acid compound, such as N,N-dimethyl group.
  • the anhydrous alkyl alcohol is a lower alcohol, it is preferred to directly use the alcohol participating in the reaction as a solvent.
  • the lower alcohol refers to methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, butanol or the like.
  • the pH of the hydrolysis reaction may be from 1 to 4, preferably from 1 to 2.
  • Step 3 reacting 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid with choline in an organic solvent, decolorizing the activated carbon, filtering, and recrystallizing to obtain a compound of the formula (I).
  • the organic solvent is selected from one of an organic solvent capable of dissolving 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid such as anhydrous methanol or absolute ethanol or a mixture thereof.
  • the liver disease according to the present invention refers to damage of liver tissue and liver cells caused by various causes, including alcohol, Acute or chronic liver damage caused by viruses, drugs, high-fat diets, chemical poisons, and human autoimmune abnormalities, especially liver inflammation caused by viruses, and further refers to hepatitis B and/or hepatitis C virus Liver damage.
  • 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid In order to obtain glycyrrhetinic acid compounds with high efficiency and low side effects, the inventors of the present application examined 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid, 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid, 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid, 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt and 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid. Inhibition of 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase by five lysine salts of arginine salts, and found that 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt has the weakest inhibitory effect on 11 ⁇ -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase activity in guinea pig kidneys.
  • 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt can effectively improve the adrenal cortical hormone-like adverse reactions of glycyrrhetinic drugs and reduce the risk of water and sodium retention in patients.
  • the inventors also investigated the effect of 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt on liver function in mice with liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. Using 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid as a control, it was found that 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt can also It effectively protects the liver function of damaged mice, reduces transaminase (AST, ALT), and exhibits a better transaminase effect than 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid at low doses.
  • 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt can also It effectively protects the liver function of damaged mice, reduces transaminase (AST, ALT), and exhibits a better transaminase effect than 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid at low doses.
  • the present invention also provides a 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt type A crystal, wherein the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum is represented by 2 ⁇ values at 4.55°, 14.26°, 15.38°, 15.80°, 17.03°, 17.62°, 19.71°. There are diffraction peaks.
  • the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the A-type crystal is represented by 2 ⁇ values at 4.55°, 8.93°, 9.63°, 11.41°, 12.32°, 13.33°, 14.26°, 15.38°.
  • the 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt type A crystal of the invention is prepared by adding choline to anhydrous ethanol, adding 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid, and stirring and dissolving.
  • the activated carbon was decolorized, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with absolute ethanol.
  • Acetone was added to the filtrate with stirring, crystallized, filtered, and dried to give crystal form A.
  • the present invention also provides a B-type crystal of 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt having an X-ray powder diffraction spectrum having diffraction peaks at 14.15°, 15.29°, 16.92°, 17.52°, and 19.64° as indicated by 2 ⁇ values.
  • the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the B-type crystal is represented by 2 ⁇ values at 4.48°, 9.55°, 11.31°, 14.15°, 15.29°, 15.74°, 16.92°, 17.52°. There are diffraction peaks at 19.10°, 19.64°, 20.49°, 21.55°, 23.76°, 28.01°, and 28.74°.
  • the method for preparing 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt type B crystal of the invention comprises: dissolving 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt A crystal form in absolute ethanol, and evaporating to dryness under reduced pressure to obtain crystal form B.
  • the present invention also provides a C-type crystal of 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt having an X-ray powder diffraction spectrum having diffraction peaks at 14.13°, 14.78°, 17.00°, 19.26°, and 19.40° as indicated by 2 ⁇ values.
  • the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the C-type crystal is represented by 2 ⁇ values at 4.52°, 8.83°, 9.60°, 11.55°, 14.13°, 14.78°, 15.62°, 17.00°. There are diffraction peaks at 19.26°, 19.40°, 22.57°, and 29.95°.
  • the preparation method of the 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt C type crystal of the invention is as follows: the 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt A crystal form is dissolved in anhydrous ethanol, added dropwise to the isopropyl ether under stirring, and filtered, 60 Dry at °C to obtain crystal form C.
  • the X-ray powder diffraction spectrum of the type A crystal, the B type crystal and the C type crystal of the 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt of the present invention should be considered in the error range when expressed by the 2 ⁇ value, and the crystal of the present invention The conditions within the reasonable error range measured are within the scope of the present invention.
  • the reasonable margin of error described is in the range of ⁇ 0.2.
  • Figure 1.18 X-ray powder diffraction pattern of ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt type A crystal
  • Test unit China Pharmaceutical University Analysis and Testing Center
  • choline content: 48 to 50%
  • 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetic acid was added thereto, followed by stirring to dissolve.
  • 1 g of activated carbon was added for decolorization for 10 minutes, filtered, and the filter cake was washed with 10 ml of absolute ethanol.
  • 200 ml of acetone was added to the filtrate under stirring to cause crystallization. Filtration and drying at 60 ° C gave 6.2 g. Form A was obtained, and its XRD pattern is shown in Fig. 1.
  • Form A 2.0 g was dissolved in 10 ml of absolute ethanol, added dropwise to 100 ml of isopropyl ether under stirring, filtered, and dried at 60 ° C to obtain Form C, the XRD pattern of which is shown in FIG.
  • Multi-tube vortex mixer Shanghai Qingpu Huxi Instrument Factory.
  • Hydrocortisone Shanghai Jingchun Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd., Aladdin.
  • Ultrapure water Milli-Q.
  • Guinea pig kidney cortex homogenate Zhengda Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. Xingang animal house preparation.
  • 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid ACROS ORGANICS.
  • 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid Synthetic of Zhengda Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.
  • 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt Synthesize from Zhengda Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. (prepared in Example 1).
  • hydrocortisone was weighed, and a standard stock solution having a concentration of 5 mM was prepared with 10% DMSO in methanol, and stored at -20 ° C until use.
  • a certain amount of cortisone was weighed and made up to a standard stock solution with a concentration of 5 mM in 10% DMSO methanol, and stored at -20 ° C until use.
  • Hydrocortisone 60 ⁇ M, prepared in methanol
  • Krebs-Henseleit buffer D-glucose 2.0g, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 0.286g, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.16g, potassium chloride 0.35g, sodium chloride 6.9g, calcium chloride dihydrate 0.373g, sodium bicarbonate 2.1 g, 1L ultrapure water, pH 7.2;
  • NAD 5 mM, pH 7.2 Krebs-Henseleit buffer preparation
  • Reaction stop solution Stabilization of acetonitrile solution (2 ng / mL) stop solution.
  • the method uses diazepam as an internal standard (IS), extracts the analyte and the internal standard by protein precipitation, and uses a reversed-phase column to separate cortisone, hydrocortisone and internal standard, and uses tandem
  • the electrospray ionization MRM positive ion mode of the quadrupole mass spectrometer was used to quantitatively analyze the analyte.
  • Treat the sample add 800 ⁇ L of internal standard solution (stabilization, 2 ng / mL) to the incubator tube; vortex and mix for 5 min; centrifuge the sample for 10 min (4 ° C, 13000 r / min); transfer 80 ⁇ L of the supernatant to the memory tube; Pipette 80 ⁇ L of ultrapure water into the corresponding inner liner; vortex and mix for 5 min; inject 5 ⁇ L for LC-MS/MS analysis.
  • stabilization stabilization, 2 ng / mL
  • 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid ACROS ORGANICS.
  • 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt Synthetic of Zhengda Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd.
  • mice ICR, male, source: Shanghai Xipuer-Beikai Experimental Animal Co., Ltd., certificate number: SCXK (Shanghai) 2013-0016.
  • ICR mice were randomly divided into 5 groups, 16 in the model group, and 8 in each group, namely: model group, 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid low-dose group, 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid high-dose group, 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhizae Low-dose acid choline salt group, high-dose 18 ⁇ -glycyrrhetinic acid choline salt group, high-dose group were administered by 30mg/kg, and low-dose group was administered by 15mg/kg, continuous administration. day. One hour after the last administration, 0.25% CCl 4 0.1 ml/10 g was administered by intragastric administration. Blood was taken 18 h after modeling to determine ALT and AST.
  • Molding agent 0.25% CCl 4 Preparation: 250ul CCl 4 was added dropwise to 99.75ml of olive oil with a 250ul micro-sampler and stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 24h, sealed and protected from light.
  • ALT alanine aminotransferase
  • AST aspartate aminotransferase

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种新的18α-甘草次酸衍生物及其医药用途。该化合物对11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶抑制弱,能够有效改善甘草次酸类药物的肾上腺皮质激素样类不良反应,降低水钠潴留风险。

Description

一种新的18α-甘草次酸衍生物及其医药用途 技术领域
本发明属于医药技术领域,具体而言涉及一种新的18α-甘草次酸衍生物及其医药用途。
背景技术
甘草酸(Glycyrrhizin,GL)是由甘草中提取的有效活性成分,其具有抗炎、抗变态反应、抗生物氧化等多方面的药理作用。经研究,甘草酸经胃酸水解或经肝中β-葡萄糖醛酸酶分解为甘草次酸,后在肝肠循环中生成3-表-甘草次酸及少量3-脱氢甘草次酸而产生药物活性,因此甘草酸类药物的作用实质上是甘草次酸发挥的效用(郝飞,甘草酸国外研究进展,中国药房,2001,12(8):500-501)。
甘草酸为五环三萜皂苷,由于三萜皂苷母核18位手性碳原子构型的不同,甘草酸存在一对差向异构体,即18α-甘草酸与18β-甘草酸,两者水解后可生成相应的18α-甘草次酸与18β-甘草次酸。现有大量文献报道18α-甘草次酸在治疗肝炎、药物肝损害方面的疗效要优于18β-甘草次酸且副作用也弱于18β-甘草次酸。甘草次酸类药物的副作用主要表现为水钠潴留、高血压、低钾碱性中毒等肾上腺皮质激素样不良反应。
肾上腺皮质激素样不良反应产生的直接原因在于体内皮质醇和盐皮质激素受体的过多结合。肾11β-OHSD2(11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶)是一种催化皮质醇转化为非活性物可的松的生物酶。该转化酶如果被抑制,可增加体内皮质醇和盐皮质激素受体的结合量,最终导致发生肾上腺皮质激素样不良反应,血压升高和血钾降低。构象分析表明,18β构型甘草次酸的D/E环为顺势构型,对肾11β-OHSD2具有较强的抑制作用。18α构型的甘草酸类化合物对11β-OHSD2的活性亦有抑制作用(俞进,楼宜嘉,α-甘草酸对肾11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶的抑制作用,浙江医学,2005,27(4):263-265),该类药物同样会诱发肾上腺皮质激素样不良反应(楚瑞琦,王咏梅,三种甘草酸类注射液不良反应分析,中国皮肤性病学杂志,2006,20(1):33-34)。虽然18α-甘草次酸的副作用小于18β-甘草次酸,但是其临床应用依然受到很大限制。因此,如何对18α-甘草次酸进行改进和选择促进其在临床上的应用是目前亟待解决的技术问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种18α-甘草次酸衍生物,结构如式(Ⅰ)所示:
Figure PCTCN2016082646-appb-000001
本发明的18α-甘草次酸衍生物为18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐,可以通过以下方法来制备:
步骤1,将18α-甘草酸类化合物加入无水烷基醇或芳醇中,加入脱水剂,加热回流,冷却,结晶出固体,过滤,用乙醇/水精制,干燥,得18α-甘草次酸酯化合物。
其中18α-甘草酸类化合物可选自18α-甘草酸、18α-甘草酸盐,其中18α-甘草酸盐可以列举为钾、钠、铵、钙、镁盐。其中脱水剂可以为酰氯或浓硫酸,其中酰氯可以为草酰氯、乙酰氯或磺酰氯等,其中磺酰氯可以为甲磺酰氯、苯磺酰氯或对甲苯磺酰氯等。
合成18α-甘草次酸酯化合物的方法中,反应在溶剂中进行,或以参加反应的醇为溶剂,反应溶剂为能溶解18α-甘草酸类化合物的溶剂,如N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、N-甲基吡咯烷酮、四氢呋喃等。当无水烷基醇为低级醇时,优选的是直接以参加反应的醇为溶剂。所述的低级醇是指甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇、丁醇等。
步骤2,将18α-甘草次酸酯化合物进行水解反应,调节至pH=1~4,析出白色固体,过滤、干燥,得产物18α-甘草次酸;
其中水解反应的pH可以为1-4,优选为1-2。
步骤3,将18α-甘草次酸与胆碱在有机溶剂中反应,活性炭脱色,过滤,重结晶,得式(Ⅰ)化合物。
如步骤3所述的制备方法,有机溶剂选自无水甲醇或无水乙醇等能溶解18α-甘草次酸的有机溶剂中的一种或其混合物。
本发明的目的还在于提供18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐在制备治疗肝病药物中的应用。
本发明所述的肝病是指各类原因引起的肝脏组织及肝脏细胞的损伤,包括酒精、 病毒、药物、高脂饮食、化学毒物、人类自身免疫异常等原因引起的急或慢性肝脏损伤,尤其是指由病毒引起的肝脏炎症,更进一步的是指乙型和/或丙型肝炎病毒引起的肝脏损伤。
为获得高效低副作用的甘草次酸类化合物,本申请发明人考察18β-甘草次酸、18α-甘草次酸、18α-甘草次酸钠、18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐和18α-甘草次酸精氨酸盐五种甘草次酸类化合物对11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶的抑制作用,发现18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐对豚鼠肾11β-羟基类固醇脱氢酶活性的抑制作用最弱,实验结果显示该化合物诱发肾上腺皮质激素样副作用的几率最小。18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐能够有效改善甘草次酸类药物的肾上腺皮质激素样不良反应,降低患者水钠潴留的风险。
发明人又考察了18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐对四氯化碳导致的肝损伤模型小鼠肝脏功能的影响,以18β-甘草次酸为对照,发现18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐同样能够有效保护受损的小鼠肝脏功能,降低转氨酶(AST、ALT),并且在低剂量时,表现出比18β-甘草次酸更优异的降转氨酶效果。
本发明还提供一种18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐A型晶体,其X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示在4.55°、14.26°、15.38°、15.80°、17.03°、17.62°、19.71°处有衍射峰。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案,其中,所述A型晶体的X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示在4.55°、8.93°、9.63°、11.41°、12.32°、13.33°、14.26°、15.38°、15.80°、17.03°、17.62°、19.71°、21.65°、22.24°、23.83°、28.06°、28.82°、31.01°处有衍射峰。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案,其中,所述A型晶体的X-射线粉末衍射光谱反射角2θ及其对应的相对峰强度如表1所示:
表1 18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐A型晶体X-射线粉末衍射图谱参数
编号 2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io) 编号 2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io)
1 4.55 51 10 17.03 73
2 8.93 14 11 17.62 83
3 9.63 24 12 19.71 100
4 11.41 15 13 21.65 32
5 12.32 15 14 22.24 31
6 13.33 20 15 23.83 43
7 14.26 69 16 28.06 38
8 15.38 48 17 28.82 32
9 15.80 49 18 31.01 31
本发明18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐A型晶体的制备方法为:将胆碱加入无水乙醇中,再加入18α-甘草次酸,搅拌溶解。加入活性炭脱色,过滤,用无水乙醇洗涤滤饼。搅拌下向滤液中加入丙酮,析晶,过滤,干燥,得到晶型A。
本发明还提供一种18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐B型晶体,其X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示在14.15°、15.29°、16.92°、17.52°、19.64°处有衍射峰。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案,其中,所述B型晶体的X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示在4.48°、9.55°、11.31°、14.15°、15.29°、15.74°、16.92°、17.52°、19.10°、19.64°、20.49°、21.55°、23.76°、28.01°、28.74°处有衍射峰。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案,其中,所述B型晶体的X-射线粉末衍射光谱反射角2θ及其对应的相对峰强度如表2所示:
表2 18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐B型晶体X-射线粉末衍射图谱参数
编号 2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io) 编号 2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io)
1 4.48 17 9 19.10 23
2 9.55 22 10 19.64 34
3 11.31 14 11 20.49 23
4 14.15 82 12 21.55 26
5 15.29 44 13 23.76 23
6 15.74 26 14 28.01 23
7 16.92 100 15 28.74 24
8 17.52 56      
本发明18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐B型晶体的制备方法为:将18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐A晶型,溶于无水乙醇中,减压蒸干,得到晶型B。
本发明还提供一种18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐C型晶体,其X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示在14.13°、14.78°、17.00°、19.26°、19.40°处有衍射峰。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案,其中,所述C型晶体的X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示在4.52°、8.83°、9.60°、11.55°、14.13°、14.78°、15.62°、17.00°、19.26°、19.40°、22.57°、29.95°处有衍射峰。
根据本发明一些具体实施方案,其中,所述C型晶体的X-射线粉末衍射光谱反射角2θ及其对应的相对峰强度如表3所示:
表3 18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐C型晶体X-射线粉末衍射图谱参数
编号 2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io) 编号 2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io)
1 4.52 19 7 15.62 24
2 8.83 16 8 17.00 76
3 9.60 16 9 19.26 49
4 11.55 18 10 19.40 52
5 14.13 42 11 22.57 30
6 14.78 100 12 29.95 26
本发明18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐C型晶体的制备方法为:将18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐A晶型,溶于无水乙醇中,搅拌下滴加入异丙醚中,过滤,60℃干燥,得晶型C。
其中可以理解的是,本发明的18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐的A型晶体、B型晶体和C型晶体的X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示时应考虑误差范围,本发明的晶体测得的合理误差范围内的情况均在本发明保护范围之内。
通常来说,所述的合理误差范围是在±0.2范围内。
附图说明:
图1.18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐A型晶体X-射线粉末衍射图谱;
图2.18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐B型晶体X-射线粉末衍射图谱;
图3.18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐C型晶体X-射线粉末衍射图谱。
具体实施方式:
发明人结合实施例具体说明本发明。以下实施例仅用于说明本发明的技术内容,并非本发明的全部技术内容。
实施例一 18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐合成及晶型制备
18α-甘草次酸乙酯的合成,结构如式(Ⅱ)所示
将18α-甘草酸二胺2kg加入11L无水乙醇中,滴加1L乙酰氯,滴加完毕,加热回流反应2小时。TLC检测反应完毕。蒸干,加入4L二氯甲烷溶解,用水洗涤, 取二氯甲烷层蒸干,用乙醇/水精制,收率:70%。
结构确证:
(1)MS m/z[M+H]+:499准分子离子峰以及[M++H-H2O]+:481的碎片离子峰,故本品分子量为482。
(2)NMR:
测试单位:中国药科大学分析测试中心
仪器:BRUKER AV-500型核磁共振仪
溶剂:CDCl3内标:TMS
测试温度:303K
测试:13C-NMR谱、1H-NMR谱、DEPT谱、HSQC谱和HMBC谱
Figure PCTCN2016082646-appb-000002
式(Ⅱ)
表4 NMR数据(CDCl3,J in Hz,δppm)
Figure PCTCN2016082646-appb-000003
Figure PCTCN2016082646-appb-000004
解析
由该化合物的质谱可知,其分子量为498.0。13C-NMR显示了32个碳原子信号,δC 199.8、165.6、124.1,表明该化合物可能存在着α,β-不饱和酮的结构;δC 178.2表明该化合物存在着另一羰基碳信号。DEPT谱图发现,该化合物存在着10个-CH2-,8个-CH3,5个
Figure PCTCN2016082646-appb-000005
以及9个季碳信号。在1H-NMR中,显示了特征的烯氢质子 信号δH5.57(1H,s)以及3位氢质子信号δH3.23(1H,dd,J=4.2,11.5);δH4.14(2H,q,J=7.2),1.27(3H,m,overlapped),表明存在着-OCH2CH3;δH0.68(1H,m)为5位的特征质子信号;同时在高场也显示了特征的甲基信号。结合上述的结论,该化合物为甘草次酸乙酯的衍生物。
通过1H-NMR、13C-NMR、HSQC、HMBC等谱对所有的信号进行了归属,结果如上表4所示。
在HMBC谱图中,δH3.23(1H,dd,J=4.2,11.5,H-3)与δC39.0(C-1),15.6(C-24),28.1(C-23)存在着远程相关;δH0.68(1H,m,H-5)与δC17.6(C-6),33.8(C-7),28.1(C-23),15.6(C-24)有远程相关;δH2.26(1H,m,overlapped,H-9)与δC39.0(C-1),43.8(C-8),199.8(C-11),16.5(C-25),18.4(C-26)有远程相关;δH4.14(2H,q,J=7.1)与δC178.2(C-30)有远程相关;特征的甲基信号也显示了远程相关信号,如表4所示。
18α-甘草次酸的合成
取50g 18α-甘草次酸乙酯加入450ml乙醇中,加入16g氢氧化钠,加热回流,反应约2小时。减压蒸干,加入400ml水,搅拌下缓慢加入盐酸调节pH=1~2,析出白色固体,过滤。先50℃干燥5小时,再80℃干燥,得44.3g。收率96.7%。
18α-甘草次酸胆碱的合成
先将6.6g胆碱(含量:48~50%)加入30ml无水乙醇中,再加入18α-甘草次酸,搅拌溶解。加入活性炭1g脱色10分钟,过滤,用10ml无水乙醇洗涤滤饼。搅拌下向滤液中加入200ml丙酮,析晶。过滤,60℃干燥,得6.2g。得到晶型A,其XRD图谱如图1所示。
将2.0g晶型A,溶于10ml无水乙醇中,减压蒸干,得到晶型B,其XRD图谱如图2所示。
将2.0g晶型A,溶于10ml无水乙醇中,搅拌下滴加入100ml异丙醚中,过滤,60℃干燥,得晶型C,其XRD图谱如图3所示。
实施例二 18α-甘草次酸钠的合成
18α-甘草次酸乙酯的合成
将18α-甘草酸二胺2kg加入11L无水乙醇中,滴加1L乙酰氯,滴加完毕,加热回流反应2小时。TLC检测反应完毕。蒸干,加入4L二氯甲烷溶解,用水洗涤,取二氯甲烷层蒸干,用乙醇/水精制,收率:70%。
18α-甘草次酸的合成
取50g 18α-甘草次酸乙酯加入450ml乙醇中,加入16g氢氧化钠,加热回流,反应约2小时。减压蒸干,加入400ml水,搅拌下缓慢加入盐酸调节pH=1~2,析出白色固体,过滤。先50℃干燥5小时,再80℃干燥,得44.3g。收率96.7%。
18α-甘草次酸钠的合成
取18α-甘草次酸10g,加入100ml无水乙醇中,加入1g氢氧化钠,加热至回流,溶液变黄色,冷至室温,过滤,60℃干燥,得4.9g。
实施例三 18α-甘草次酸精氨酸盐的合成
18α-甘草次酸乙酯的合成
将18α-甘草酸二胺2kg加入11L无水乙醇中,滴加1L乙酰氯,滴加完毕,加热回流反应2小时。TLC检测反应完毕。蒸干,加入4L二氯甲烷溶解,用水洗涤,取二氯甲烷层蒸干,用乙醇/水精制,收率:70%。
18α-甘草次酸的合成
取50g 18α-甘草次酸乙酯加入450ml乙醇中,加入16g氢氧化钠,加热回流,反应约2小时。减压蒸干,加入400ml水,搅拌下缓慢加入盐酸调节pH=1~2,析出白色固体,过滤。先50℃干燥5小时,再80℃干燥,得44.3g。收率96.7%。
18α-甘草次酸精氨酸盐的合成
取18α-甘草次酸10g和精氨酸3.6g,加入800ml 80%乙醇中,加热至回流,减压蒸干,加入100ml丙酮搅拌,过滤,60℃干燥,得9.8g。
实施例四 18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐对豚鼠肾11β-OHSD2活性的抑制
4.1仪器、药品及试剂
4.1.1仪器及其生产厂家
AB Qtrap4500系统:AB SCIEX质谱系统公司。
UFLC液相色谱系统:Shimadzu公司。
Shim-pack XR-ODS II液相色谱柱2.2:μm(2.0×75mm):Shimadzu公司。
Eppendorf 5810R离心机:Eppendorf公司。
多管涡流混合器:上海青浦沪西仪器厂。
Elix-milli-Q超纯水机:MilliPORE公司。
XS105精密天平:Mettler Toledo公司。
PL403天平:Mettler Toledo公司。
4.1.2药品、试剂及来源
可的松:上海晶纯生化科技股份有限公司,阿拉丁。
氢化可的松:上海晶纯生化科技股份有限公司,阿拉丁。
乙腈:Merck公司。
甲醇:Merck公司。
DMSO:J&K公司。
NAD:Sigma公司。
超纯水:Milli-Q公司。
豚鼠肾皮质匀浆:正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司新港动物房制备。
18β-甘草次酸:ACROS ORGANICS公司。
18α-甘草次酸:正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司合成。
18α-甘草次酸钠:正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司合成(实施例2制备)。
18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐:正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司合成(实施例1制备)。
18α-甘草次酸精氨酸盐:正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司合成(实施例3制备)。
4.1.3药物及试剂配制
4.1.3.1标准溶液配制
称取一定量的氢化可的松,用10%DMSO的甲醇配制成浓度为5mM的标准储备液,于-20℃保存备用。称取一定量的可的松,用10%DMSO的甲醇配制成浓度为5mM的标准储备液,于-20℃保存备用。
4.1.3.2药物及试剂配制
氢化可的松:60μM,甲醇配制;
18β-甘草次酸、18α-甘草次酸、18α-甘草次酸钠、18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐和18α-甘草次酸精氨酸盐溶液:2、0.4、0.1、0.02mM,均由DMSO配制;
Krebs-Henseleit缓冲液:D-葡萄糖2.0g,七水合硫酸镁0.286g,磷酸氢二钾0.16g,氯化钾0.35g,氯化钠6.9g,二水氯化钙0.373g,碳酸氢钠2.1g,1L超纯水,pH7.2;
NAD:5mM,pH7.2Krebs-Henseleit缓冲液配制;
反应终止液:安定乙腈溶液(2ng/mL)终止液。
4.1.3.3豚鼠肾皮质匀浆反应体系组成
表5.氢化可的松-NAD反应体系
Figure PCTCN2016082646-appb-000006
4.2试验方法
本方法使用地西泮作为内标物(IS),采用蛋白沉淀法提取待测物和内标物,采用反相色谱柱来分离可的松、氢化可的松和内标物,并使用串联四极杆质谱仪的电喷雾离子化MRM正离子模式对分析物进行定量分析。
4.3实验过程
吸取173μL Krebs-Henseleit缓冲液到1.5mL离心管中;加入1μL氢化可的松溶液(60μM);加入1μL受试化合物(2mM/0.4mM/0.1mM/0.02mM);各组加入20μL NAD溶液(5mM)启动反应,37℃温孵并计时。加入5μL豚鼠肾皮质匀浆;反应60min结束后,立即加入反应终止液终止反应。(注:0点对照加入豚鼠肾皮质匀浆后,在沸水中煮2min灭活蛋白)。
处理样品,加入800μL内标溶液(安定,2ng/mL)至温孵离心管中;涡旋混匀5min;样品离心10min(4℃,13000r/min);转移80μL上清液至内存管中;吸取80μL超纯水至相应的内衬管中;涡旋混匀5min;进样5μL进行LC-MS/MS分析。
4.4实验结果
研究五种甘草次酸化合物在10μM、2μM、0.5μM、0.1μM浓度下对豚鼠肾皮质匀浆底物氢化可的松(300nM)体外转化的影响,详细数据结果见表6:
表6.豚鼠肾皮质匀浆温孵1h结果(抑制率)
Figure PCTCN2016082646-appb-000007
*与18β-甘草次酸样品相比
实验结果表明:与其他四种受试化合物相比,18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐的抑制作用最弱,该化合物产生的肾上腺皮质激素样副作用最低。
实施例五 甘草次酸系列化合物对CCl4小鼠急性肝损伤模型的保护作用
5.1试验材料:
5.1.1受试物:
18β-甘草次酸:ACROS ORGANICS公司。
18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐:正大天晴药业集团股份有限公司合成。
5.1.2试验动物
小鼠:ICR,雄性,来源:上海西普尔-必凯实验动物有限公司,合格证号:SCXK(沪)2013-0016。分组体重:19-22g,造模体重:20-23g。
5.1.3试剂
四氯化碳:国药集团化学试剂有限公司,AR。
橄榄油:国药集团化学试剂有限公司,AR。
ALT:宁波瑞源生物科技有限公司。
AST:宁波瑞源生物科技有限公司。
5.1.4仪器
冷冻高速离心机:thermo公司。
全自动生化仪:德国欧霸XL-300。
85-2型恒温磁力搅拌器:上海司乐仪器有限公司。
XS-204型电子天平:METTLER TOLEDO公司。
5.2试验方法:
ICR小鼠48只,随机分为5组,模型组16只,其他每组8只,即:模型组、18β-甘草次酸低剂量组、18β-甘草次酸高剂量组、18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐低剂量组、18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐高剂量组,高剂量组分别按30mg/kg灌胃给药,低剂量组分别按15mg/kg灌胃给药,连续给药4天。末次给药后1h,灌胃给予0.25%CCl4 0.1ml/10g造模;造模后18h取血测定ALT、AST。
造模剂0.25%CCl4配制:250ul CCl4用250ul的微量进样针逐滴加入99.75ml橄榄油中,并用磁力搅拌器搅拌24h,密封避光。
5.3检测指标及计算方法
检测指标:谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)
计算抑制率(%),计算公式为:
Figure PCTCN2016082646-appb-000008
5.4实验结果
试验结果如表7所示:
表7.血清生化检测结果统计(±s,n=8)
Figure PCTCN2016082646-appb-000009
结果表明:18β-甘草次酸、18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐两个样品对CCl4致小鼠急性肝损伤模型均有保护作用,并且有明显的量效关系。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种18α-甘草次酸衍生物,具有式(Ⅰ)所示的结构:
    Figure PCTCN2016082646-appb-100001
  2. 权利要求1所述式(Ⅰ)化合物在制备治疗肝病药物中的应用。
  3. 权利要求2所述的应用,其中肝病为肝脏组织及肝脏细胞的损伤。
  4. 权利要求2所述的应用,其中肝病包括酒精、病毒、药物、高脂饮食、化学毒物、人类自身免疫异常等原因引起的急或慢性肝脏组织及肝脏细胞的损伤。
  5. 权利要求2所述的应用,其中肝病为乙型和/或丙型肝炎病毒引起的急或慢性肝脏组织及肝脏细胞的损伤。
  6. 一种18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐的A晶型,其特征是X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示在4.55°、14.26°、15.38°、15.80°、17.03°、17.62°、19.71°处有衍射峰。
  7. 权利要求6所述的18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐A晶型,其X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示在4.55°、8.93°、9.63°、11.41°、12.32°、13.33°、14.26°、15.38°、15.80°、17.03°、17.62°、19.71°、21.65°、22.24°、23.83°、28.06°、28.82°、31.01°处有衍射峰。
  8. 权利要求6所述的18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐A晶型,其X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值和相对强度表示为:
    2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io) 2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io) 4.55 51 17.03 73 8.93 14 17.62 83 9.63 24 19.71 100 11.41 15 21.65 32
    12.32 15 22.24 31 13.33 20 23.83 43 14.26 69 28.06 38 15.38 48 28.82 32 15.80 49 31.01 31
                 。
  9. 权利要求6所述的18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐A晶型,其具有如图1所示的X-射线粉末衍射图谱。
  10. 一种18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐的B晶型,其特征是X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示在14.15°、15.29°、16.92°、17.52°、19.64°处有衍射峰。
  11. 权利要求10所述的18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐B晶型,其X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示在4.48°、9.55°、11.31°、14.15°、15.29°、15.74°、16.92°、17.52°、19.10°、19.64°、20.49°、21.55°、23.76°、28.01°、28.74°处有衍射峰。
  12. 权利要求10所述的18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐B晶型,其X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值和相对强度表示为:
    2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io) 2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io) 4.48 17 19.10 23 9.55 22 19.64 34 11.31 14 20.49 23 14.15 82 21.55 26 15.29 44 23.76 23 15.74 26 28.01 23 16.92 100 28.74 24 17.52 56    
                                           。
  13. 权利要求10所述的18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐B晶型,其具有如图2所示的X-射线粉末衍射图谱。
  14. 一种18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐的C晶型,其特征是X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表 示在14.13°、14.78°、17.00°、19.26°、19.40°处有衍射峰。
  15. 权利要求14所述的18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐C晶型,其X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值表示在4.52°、8.83°、9.60°、11.55°、14.13°、14.78°、15.62°、17.00°、19.26°、19.40°、22.57°、29.95°处有衍射峰。
  16. 权利要求14所述的18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐C晶型,其X-射线粉末衍射光谱用2θ值和相对强度表示为:
    2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io) 2θ值(°) 相对强度(I/Io) 4.52 19 15.62 24 8.83 16 17.00 76 9.60 16 19.26 49 11.55 18 19.40 52 14.13 42 22.57 30 14.78 100 29.95 26
                                          。
  17. 权利要求14所述的18α-甘草次酸胆碱盐C晶型,其具有如图3所示的X-射线粉末衍射图谱。
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