WO2016163483A1 - 蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔、蓄電デバイス用容器及び蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔、蓄電デバイス用容器及び蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016163483A1 WO2016163483A1 PCT/JP2016/061449 JP2016061449W WO2016163483A1 WO 2016163483 A1 WO2016163483 A1 WO 2016163483A1 JP 2016061449 W JP2016061449 W JP 2016061449W WO 2016163483 A1 WO2016163483 A1 WO 2016163483A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- oxide layer
- chromium oxide
- steel foil
- storage device
- hydrated chromium
- Prior art date
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- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 301
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- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 82
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 191
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 187
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 110
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Images
Classifications
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a steel foil for a power storage device container, a container for a power storage device, and a power storage device.
- Secondary batteries such as nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and lithium ion batteries are widely used in electronic devices and electronic parts, especially mobile phones, notebook personal computers, video cameras, artificial satellites, electric or hybrid vehicles, etc. ing.
- a secondary battery using a strong alkaline electrolyte such as a nickel-cadmium battery or a nickel-hydrogen battery uses a case made of a nickel-plated cold-rolled steel sheet or a plastic case.
- non-aqueous electrolyte batteries such as lithium-ion batteries are used in a state where the non-aqueous electrolyte contained in the aluminum pouch is wrapped in a plastic case, nickel-plated steel plate, or stainless steel plate case. Yes.
- Stainless steel foil is a material that satisfies these required characteristics.
- the stainless steel foil is a foil obtained by thinning stainless steel to a thickness of 200 ⁇ m or less. Since the tensile strength and Vickers hardness of these metal foils are generally 2 to 10 times higher than that of plastic or aluminum and are high in strength, they are promising as thin-wall materials for secondary battery containers.
- stainless steel foil is inferior in corrosion resistance in an electrolytic solution, and when used in a battery casing and lead wire, it may be corroded by a nonaqueous electrolytic solution. Therefore, as a measure to cover the weak point of corrosion resistance of the metal foil, an acid-modified polyolefin resin layer having a corrosion-causing substance barrier property was laminated on a chromium-based surface treatment such as trivalent chromium treatment and chromate treatment.
- a metal foil is disclosed (Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-62596
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-357494
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and maintains an adhesive force with a resin layer even in a non-aqueous electrolyte and has good corrosion resistance, a steel foil for a power storage device container, a container for a power storage device, and a power storage device It is an issue to provide.
- the steel foil for an electricity storage device container of the present invention can be used not only for a container filled with a non-aqueous electrolyte such as a secondary battery and a capacitor, but also for other electronic products.
- the steel foil for electrical storage device containers may be called "steel foil for containers.”
- the present invention is as follows. [1] A steel foil, a metal chromium layer laminated on the steel foil, and a hydrated chromium oxide layer laminated on the metal chromium layer are provided. Fe concentration at a depth of 10 nm from the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer is less than 10% by mass; In the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer, the area ratio occupied by the portion where the arithmetic average roughness Ra within a 1 ⁇ m visual field is 10 nm or more is less than 20%, The steel foil for electrical storage device containers whose arithmetic mean roughness Ra in a 1 micrometer visual field of the site
- the present invention it is possible to provide a steel foil for an electricity storage device container, an electricity storage device container, and an electricity storage device that maintain good adhesion with a resin layer even in a non-aqueous electrolyte and have good corrosion resistance.
- FIG. 1A is an SEM photograph of a hydrated chromium oxide layer before cold rolling, and is a photograph at a magnification of 1000 times.
- FIG. 1B is a SEM photograph of the hydrated chromium oxide layer before cold rolling, and is a photograph at a magnification of 10,000 times.
- FIG. 2A is a SEM photograph of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C103, which is a photograph at a magnification of 1000 times.
- FIG. 2B is a SEM photograph of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C103, and is a photograph at a magnification of 10,000 times.
- FIG. 1A is an SEM photograph of a hydrated chromium oxide layer before cold rolling, and is a photograph at a magnification of 1000 times.
- FIG. 1B is a SEM photograph of the hydrated chromium oxide layer before cold rolling, and is a photograph at a magnification of 10,000 times.
- FIG. 3A is a SEM photograph of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil 1 and a photograph at a magnification of 1000 times.
- FIG. 3B is a SEM photograph of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil 1 and a photograph at a magnification of 10,000 times.
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of depth analysis of constituent elements of the hydrated chromium oxide layer before cold rolling.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the results of depth analysis of the constituent elements of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C103.
- FIG. 6 is a graph showing the results of depth analysis of the constituent elements of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil 1.
- FIG. 7A is an SEM photograph of a hydrated chromium oxide layer of steel foil C105, which is a photograph at a magnification of 1000 times.
- FIG. 7B is a SEM photograph of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C105, and is a photograph at a magnification of 10,000 times.
- FIG. 8 is a graph showing the results of depth analysis of the constituent elements of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C105.
- FIG. 9 is an SEM photograph taken at 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 90 ⁇ m (1070 ⁇ 963 pixels) from the SEM photograph (magnification 1000 times) of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C103 shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 9 is an SEM photograph taken at 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 90 ⁇ m (1070 ⁇ 963 pixels) from the SEM photograph (magnification 1000 times) of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C103 shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 10 is a graph showing a histogram with respect to luminance in the SEM photograph of FIG.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of obtaining the luminance threshold values of the consolidated part and the non-consolidated part from the enlarged view of the histogram shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is an SEM photograph obtained by binarizing the SEM photograph of FIG. 9 with the luminance threshold values of the consolidated part and the unconsolidated part obtained from the enlarged view of the histogram shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is an SEM photograph taken at 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 90 ⁇ m (1070 ⁇ 963 pixels) from the SEM photograph (magnification 1000 times) of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil 1 shown in FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of obtaining the luminance threshold values of the consolidated part and the non-consolidated part from the enlarged view of the histogram shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 is an SEM photograph obtained by binar
- FIG. 14 is a graph showing a histogram with respect to luminance in the SEM photograph of FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of obtaining the luminance threshold values of the consolidated part and the non-consolidated part from the enlarged view of the histogram shown in FIG.
- FIG. 16 is an SEM photograph obtained by binarizing the SEM photograph of FIG. 9 with the luminance threshold values of the consolidated part and the unconsolidated part obtained from the enlarged view of the histogram shown in FIG.
- FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram showing the surface properties of a steel sheet before cold rolling in which a metal chromium layer and a hydrated chromium oxide layer are laminated.
- FIG. 18 is an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) photograph showing the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer before cold rolling and having a 1 ⁇ m field on one side.
- FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram for explaining the state of the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer when the steel plate in which the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer are laminated is cold-rolled under normal conditions. is there.
- FIG. 20 is a schematic view showing a state in which a polyolefin resin layer is laminated on a hydrated chromium oxide layer of a container steel foil obtained by cold rolling under normal conditions.
- FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram for explaining the state of the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer when the steel plate in which the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer are laminated is cold-rolled under specific conditions. is there.
- FIG. 22 is an AFM (Atomic Force Microscope) photograph showing a surface of a hydrated chromium oxide layer after cold rolling under a specific condition and having a side of 1 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 23 is a schematic view showing a state in which a polyolefin resin layer is laminated on a hydrated chromium oxide layer of a container steel foil obtained by cold rolling under specific conditions.
- the steel foil for power storage device containers constituting the power storage device container is generally one in which a chromium-based surface treatment layer is formed on the surface of the steel foil and a polyolefin resin layer is further laminated.
- the chromium-based surface treatment layer is a surface treatment layer formed by a chromium-based surface treatment such as trivalent chromium treatment or chromate treatment.
- the container for the electricity storage device is always exposed to the non-aqueous electrolyte provided in the electricity storage device.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte contains an organic solvent and a lithium salt, and the organic solvent or the lithium salt may be decomposed by long-term use to generate a corrosion-causing substance such as an acid.
- a corrosion-causing substance such as an acid.
- hydrofluoric acid may be generated as a corrosion-causing substance.
- the corrosion-causing substance is generated in the organic solvent, the metal substrate is attacked, and the polyolefin resin layer may be peeled off.
- a process of forming a chromium-based surface treatment layer on the surface of the steel foil is required, and the manufacturing process may be complicated.
- the polyolefin resin layer is formed on the hydrated chromium oxide layer and then processed into the shape of the electricity storage device container, the polyolefin layer is easily damaged, and the hydrated chromium oxide layer itself is easily damaged. There is a possibility of reducing the corrosion resistance to the liquid.
- a steel plate (hereinafter also referred to as “surface-treated steel plate”) in which a metal chromium layer and a hydrated chromium oxide layer are laminated, and the tension applied in the rolling direction of the steel plate.
- This surface-treated steel sheet is cold-rolled into a steel foil for containers under conditions where the rolling load is set high from the initial rolling pass, and the adhesion force to the resin layer can be increased even in non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the present invention succeeded in producing a steel foil for an electricity storage device container that is maintained and excellent in corrosion resistance to a non-aqueous electrolyte, in which a metal chromium layer and a hydrated chromium oxide layer are laminated on a steel foil. Specifically, it is as follows.
- the surface-treated steel sheet before cold rolling has undulations with large undulations in the C cross section (cross section perpendicular to the rolling direction), and the L cross section (cross section parallel to the rolling direction) has a surface texture with few undulations.
- SS indicates a surface-treated steel sheet
- SSA indicates a steel sheet
- MCL indicates a metal chromium layer
- HCOL indicates a hydrated chromium oxide layer
- RD indicates a rolling direction.
- the surface is rough (for example, the arithmetic average roughness Ra is about 14.7 ⁇ m).
- FIG. 17 SS indicates a surface-treated steel sheet
- SSA indicates a steel sheet
- MCL indicates a metal chromium layer
- HCOL indicates a hydrated chromium oxide layer
- RD indicates a rolling direction.
- the surface is rough (for example, the arithmetic average roughness Ra is about 14.7 ⁇ m).
- FIG. 18 shows the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer before cold rolling, and shows an AFM (atomic force microscope) photograph with one side of 1 ⁇ m field.
- AFM atomic force microscope
- the recesses on the surface-treated steel sheet surface shrink in the plate width direction, so that the recess depth becomes deep, and the rolling load in the initial rolling pass is small, so that the recesses are stretched in an unreduced state. That is, in the concave portion on the surface-treated steel sheet surface, the metal chromium layer is stretched in a non-pressed state, so that it is largely cracked and cannot follow the steel sheet (ground iron), and the exposed area of the steel foil on which the steel sheet is rolled increases. Since the hydrated chromium oxide layer is also stretched in a non-pressed state, the hydrated chromium oxide layer is not consolidated and is not filled in the gap between the metal chromium layers (see (2) in FIG. 19).
- SS indicates a surface-treated steel sheet
- SSA indicates a steel sheet
- SSF indicates a steel foil
- MCL indicates a metal chromium layer
- HCOL indicates a hydrated chromium oxide layer
- RO indicates a rolling roll.
- RD indicates the rolling direction.
- the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer are both separated at wide intervals, and the exposed area of the steel foil (ground iron) is also large. Thus, there are many regions where the barrier property is low (that is, rough regions).
- the polyolefin resin layer is formed on the hydrated chromium oxide layer, the resin adhesion strength per unit area is reduced (see FIG. 20).
- both the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer are divided at a wide interval, so that a gap with the resin layer is easily formed, and the amount of the intruding liquid of the non-aqueous electrolyte increases.
- SF represents a steel foil for containers
- SSF represents a steel foil
- MCL represents a metal chromium layer
- HCOL represents a hydrated chromium oxide layer
- RL represents a polyolefin resin layer.
- the surface-treated steel sheet having the above surface properties under the condition that the tension applied in the rolling direction of the steel sheet is relaxed and the rolling load is set higher than the initial rolling pass see (2) in FIG. 21.
- the surface-treated steel sheet is rolled so as to extend in the sheet width direction due to relaxation of the tension in the rolling direction of the steel sheet.
- the initial rolling load is large, in combination with the relaxation of the tension in the rolling direction of the steel sheet, shrinkage in the sheet width direction is further suppressed, and the surface-treated steel sheet is rolled so as to extend in the sheet width direction.
- the surface-treated steel sheet surface having waviness in the sheet width direction is extended so as to spread in the sheet width direction, and the entire metal chromium layer and hydrated chromium oxide layer are rolled, and the rolling force Will be added evenly over the entire surface. That is, in any of the convex and concave portions on the surface-treated steel sheet surface, the metal chrome layer is finely cracked by the rolling and stretching, and follows the steel sheet (ground iron), so that the exposed area of the steel foil on which the steel sheet is rolled becomes small. .
- the hydrated chromium oxide layer fills the gaps between the finely cracked metal chromium layers by rolling and stretching, and is consolidated by rolling to form a micro smooth surface (see (1) in FIG. 21). In FIG.
- SS indicates a surface-treated steel sheet
- SSA indicates a steel sheet
- SSF indicates a steel foil
- MCL indicates a metal chromium layer
- HCOL indicates a hydrated chromium oxide layer
- RO indicates a rolling roll.
- RD indicates the rolling direction.
- FIG. 22 shows the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer after cold rolling under specific conditions, and shows an AFM (atomic force microscope) photograph with one side of 1 ⁇ m field of view.
- AFM atomic force microscope
- the steel foil for containers obtained by cold rolling under the above specific conditions has many regions in which the hydrated chromium oxide layer is consolidated, fine and dense, and continuously forms a smooth surface. It becomes a state.
- the metal chromium layer is finely cracked, the hydrated chromium oxide layer is filled in the gap between the metal chromium layers, so there is little exposure of the steel foil (ground iron), and the barrier property and repairability are high. It becomes.
- the polyolefin resin layer is formed on the hydrated chromium oxide layer, the resin adhesion strength per unit area is increased (see FIG. 23).
- SF represents a steel foil for containers
- SSF represents a steel foil
- MCL represents a metal chromium layer
- HCOL represents a hydrated chromium oxide layer
- RL represents a polyolefin resin layer.
- the inventors of the steel foil for an electricity storage device container in which the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer are laminated the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer is smooth, and the steel foil (ground iron) It has been found that if the steel foil for containers has a low Fe concentration at a depth of 10 nm from the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer so that the exposure is reduced, the corrosion resistance to the non-aqueous electrolyte is improved.
- the steel foil for an electricity storage device container of the present embodiment includes a steel foil, a metal chromium layer laminated on the steel foil, and a hydrated chromium oxide layer laminated on the metal chromium layer, and is hydrated.
- the total thickness of the steel foil, the metal chromium layer, and the hydrated chromium oxide layer is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- a polyolefin resin layer may be formed on the hydrated chromium oxide layer.
- the steel foil for an electricity storage device container of the present embodiment has an Fe concentration at a depth from the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer to 10 nm of less than 10% by mass, and therefore can improve the corrosion resistance against the non-aqueous electrolyte. Further, the area ratio occupied by the portion where the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the 1 ⁇ m visual field is 10 nm or more is less than 20%, and the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the 1 ⁇ m visual field is less than 10 nm on the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer.
- Arithmetic average roughness Ra within a 1 ⁇ m visual field of the part is 3 nm or less, and the adhesion to the resin layer can be maintained even in the non-aqueous electrolyte, and the corrosion resistance to the non-aqueous electrolyte can be improved. Also, since the surface roughness is relatively small, when the polyolefin resin layer is formed on the hydrated chromium oxide layer and then processed into the shape of the electricity storage device container, the polyolefin layer is damaged, and the hydrated chromium oxide layer itself Breakage is prevented and the corrosion resistance against the non-aqueous electrolyte can be improved.
- the consolidated hydrated chromium oxide layer in the steel foil for the electricity storage device container of the present embodiment is in a state where the hydrated chromium oxide is filled in the gap between the finely cracked metal chromium layers by reduction and stretching.
- the metal chrome layer is laminated.
- the consolidated hydrated chromium oxide layer is in a state where there are many regions that become smoothed surfaces consolidated by reduction.
- the consolidated hydrated chromium oxide layer is finely cracked, but the hydrated chromium oxide is filled in the gap between the metal chromium layers, so there is less exposure of the steel foil, barrier properties, and repair The state becomes high.
- the resin adhesion strength per unit area is increased, and the formation of a smooth surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer forms a gap with the polyolefin resin layer.
- the corrosion resistance against the nonaqueous electrolytic solution should be improved.
- the base material is steel foil.
- the base material provided with the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer is rolled without breaking. This is because it was necessary to use a steel plate having a relatively high strength as a base material to obtain a steel foil obtained by rolling the steel plate.
- the adhesion amount of the metal chromium layer formed on the steel foil is preferably in the range of 30 to 170 mg / m 2 , more preferably in the range of 50 to 170 mg / m 2 , and still more preferably in the range of 85 to 120 mg / m 2 . If the metal chromium layer is less than 30 mg / m 2 , it may be difficult to sufficiently cover the steel foil surface and ensure corrosion resistance against the non-aqueous electrolyte. Moreover, when a metal chromium layer exceeds 170 mg / m ⁇ 2 >, the effect of ensuring favorable corrosion resistance will be saturated, and an economical demerit may generate
- the hydrated chromium oxide layer is provided on the metal chromium layer.
- the adhesion amount of the hydrated chromium oxide layer is preferably in the range of 5 to 21 mg / m 2 in terms of chromium, more preferably in the range of 6 to 21 mg / m 2 , and further preferably in the range of 9 to 14 mg / m 2 .
- the hydrated chromium oxide layer is important for ensuring good adhesion to the polyolefin resin layer when the polyolefin resin layer is formed thereon. When the amount of hydrated chromium oxide is less than 5 mg / m 2 in terms of chromium, the adhesion with the polyolefin resin layer may be lowered, which is not preferable.
- the amount of hydrated chromium oxide is more than 21 mg / m 2 in terms of chromium, the effect of ensuring good corrosion resistance is saturated and economic disadvantages occur, and the coating becomes thick and the appearance deteriorates. The problem may occur.
- the presence of the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer and the measuring method of the stacking order will be described in Examples described later.
- the distribution of Cr concentration and O concentration is obtained by glow discharge emission analysis while etching from the surface of the steel foil for containers by argon sputtering. Thereby, the presence and stacking order of the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer can be confirmed.
- FIG. 6 shows the result of the depth analysis of the structural element of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil 1.
- FIG. 6 shows the result of the depth analysis of the structural element of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil 1.
- the Cr concentration reaches a peak at a depth of about 25 nm from the surface.
- the metallic chromium layer is presumed to be formed near the peak of this Cr concentration.
- the O concentration gradually decreases from the surface to the peak. Since hydrated chromium oxide is a position where Cr and O exist, it is presumed that it is formed from the surface to the position where the Cr concentration reaches a peak.
- the boundary between the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer is not necessarily flat.
- the Fe concentration at a depth of 10 nm from the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer is less than 10% by mass. If the hydrated chromium oxide layer contains a large amount of Fe, Fe becomes a starting point of corrosion, and the corrosion resistance to the non-aqueous electrolyte in the hydrated chromium oxide layer is significantly reduced.
- the Fe concentration is preferably less than 5% by mass.
- the area ratio of the portion where the arithmetic average roughness Ra is 10 nm or more on the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer is less than 20% with respect to the entire surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer.
- the area ratio of the region where the arithmetic average roughness Ra is less than 10 nm accounts for 80% or more of the whole.
- part from which arithmetic mean roughness Ra is less than 10 nm is 3 nm or less.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the part where the arithmetic average roughness Ra is less than 10 nm is an average value when a plurality of parts where the arithmetic average roughness Ra is less than 10 nm are measured.
- the steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to this embodiment has a small area ratio in a region having a large surface roughness and a small surface roughness in a region having a small surface roughness. The damage of the film at the time of laminating and the damage of the hydrated chromium oxide layer itself are suppressed.
- the area ratio of the part where the arithmetic average roughness Ra is 10 nm or more is preferably less than 15%, more preferably less than 7.5%. And the area ratio of the area
- the lower limit of the area ratio of the part where the arithmetic average roughness Ra is 10 nm or more is not particularly limited, but is not 0% from a practical viewpoint. Further, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the portion where the arithmetic average roughness Ra is less than 10 nm is preferably 2.5 or less. On the other hand, the lower limit of the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the portion where the arithmetic average roughness Ra is less than 10 nm is not particularly limited, but is not 0 nm from a practical viewpoint.
- Arithmetic mean roughness Ra is measured in a 1 ⁇ m visual field.
- the 1 ⁇ m visual field means a range occupied by a square of 1 ⁇ m in length and width. If the measurement range of the arithmetic surface roughness is larger than this range, it is not preferable because the surface undulation of the hydrated chromium oxide layer may be measured as the surface roughness.
- Ra the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the 1 ⁇ m field of view
- Nm nanometer.
- Ra arithmetic average roughness Ra
- a probe having a radius of curvature at the micrometer level ( ⁇ m) cannot accurately trace the irregularities at the nm level, and the tip is at the nm level. It is necessary to use a probe having a curvature radius of. Specifically, Ra is measured using a probe whose tip has a radius of curvature of 6 to 15 nm.
- Ra Ra in a minute region
- the measuring device has a probe having a tip having a radius of curvature of 6 to 15 nm.
- a scanning probe microscope Scanning Probe Microscope
- AFM atomic force microscope
- the surface irregularities can be expressed as displacement in the Z axis direction perpendicular to the XY plane. That is, with the atomic force microscope, the unevenness of the sample can be measured as a three-dimensional (X, Y, Z) shape. Therefore, in the atomic force microscope, two-dimensional data (XZ plane and YZ plane) is obtained as a cross-sectional profile. Based on this data, the arithmetic average roughness is obtained in accordance with the method defined in JIS B601. What is necessary is just to calculate Ra. At this time, Ra may be calculated by performing data processing using analysis software attached to the atomic force microscope or commercially available analysis software.
- the obtained measurement data includes noises other than the surface properties of the hydrated chromium oxide layer (for example, shape data due to deflection of the steel foil, macro wrinkles on the surface of the steel foil, etc.). Therefore, this measurement data does not correctly reflect the surface properties of the hydrated chromium oxide layer. Therefore, by removing such noise, it is possible to calculate highly accurate Ra in which the surface properties of the steel foil for containers (hydrated chromium oxide layer) are accurately reflected.
- a known method may be used as a known method may be used. When Ra is calculated, flattening (flatten) processing or the like is exemplified.
- a polynomial (about 0th to 3rd order) is fitted to the cross-sectional curve constituting the cross-sectional profile, and the best-fit polynomial is selected. Then, the cross-section curve is flattened by subtracting the best fitting polynomial from the cross-section curve.
- Ra within a 1 ⁇ m field of view can be measured by measuring the size of the region where Ra is measured by scanning a square region with a side of 1 ⁇ m.
- the total thickness of the steel foil, the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer is more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. This is because a thin container is desired for reducing the size and weight of the battery.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but usually 5 ⁇ m or more is desirable in view of cost or thickness uniformity.
- polyolefin resin layer examples include a resin layer of low density polyethylene, medium density polyethylene, high density polyethylene, linear low density polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, polypropylene, or a mixture of two or more of these.
- the polyolefin resin layer may be a single layer or multiple layers.
- a polyolefin resin layer may be coated with a resin such as polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, or polyimide to form a plurality of layers.
- the preferred thickness range of the polyolefin resin layer is 0.5 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 100 ⁇ m. Even when a resin such as polyolefin, polyester, polyamide, or polyimide is laminated on the polyolefin resin layer, the total thickness of the laminated layers is preferably 0.5 to 200 ⁇ m, more preferably 15 to 100 ⁇ m. If the total thickness is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, the prevention of permeation of corrosion-causing substances contained in the non-aqueous electrolyte may be insufficient, and if it is greater than 200 ⁇ m, the workability may deteriorate. Inappropriate as a member for use, it may be difficult to achieve economic benefits (costs are expensive).
- the tensile strength of the steel foil for an electricity storage device container is desirably 600 to 1200 MPa.
- the tensile strength indicates a value at normal temperature.
- the steel foil for containers may be deformed when used as a power storage device container due to expansion and contraction of the active material accompanying charge / discharge.
- the tensile strength of the steel foil for an electricity storage device container exceeds 1200 MPa, it may be difficult to handle the steel foil for a container.
- the method for manufacturing a steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to the present embodiment includes a step of forming a metal chromium layer and a hydrated chromium oxide layer on a steel plate, and a steel plate (surface-treated steel plate) provided with the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer. ) Is cold rolled to form a steel foil for containers. By passing through such a process, the steel foil for containers which has a specific form (the steel foil for containers provided with the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer) can be manufactured. Moreover, the manufacturing method of the steel foil for electrical storage device containers which concerns on this embodiment may also be equipped with the lamination process of a polyolefin resin layer.
- the steel plate used for manufacturing the steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to the present embodiment is not particularly limited, and any of a hot rolled steel plate, a cold rolled steel plate, and a cold rolled annealed steel plate can be used.
- a hot rolled steel plate it is often difficult to make a hot-rolled steel sheet into a foil having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less by cold rolling, which will be described later, and even if possible, it is inefficient and uneconomical. Therefore, it is preferable to use a cold-rolled steel sheet or a cold-rolled annealed steel sheet for manufacturing the steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to the present embodiment.
- the component composition of the steel plate is not particularly limited. It is not an indispensable requirement to add a large amount of a specific element to a steel sheet for increasing the strength or improving the corrosion resistance. Although so-called high-strength steel can be applied, it is preferable to use a steel plate having a general component composition from the viewpoint of securing the rollability described later.
- An example of the component composition is as follows. In addition,% is the mass%.
- C (C: 0.0001 to 0.1%) C is an element that increases the strength of the steel, but if it is excessively contained, the strength increases excessively and the rollability decreases.
- the steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to the present embodiment is increased in strength by work hardening with a large cumulative rolling rate. Therefore, considering the ease of rolling, the original steel material is preferably soft. . Therefore, the upper limit of the C content is preferably 0.1%. Although it is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the C content, the lower limit of the C content is preferably set to 0.0001% in consideration of refining costs. The C content is more preferably 0.001% to 0.01%.
- Si is an element that increases the strength of the steel. However, if excessively contained, the strength of the steel increases excessively, and the rollability of the steel decreases. Therefore, the upper limit of the Si content is preferably 0.5%. Although the minimum of Si content is not prescribed
- Mn 0.01 to 1%) Mn is an element that increases the strength of the steel. However, if excessively contained, the strength of the steel increases excessively and the rollability decreases. Therefore, the upper limit of the Mn content is preferably 1%. Although it is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the Mn content, it is preferable to set the lower limit of the Mn content to 0.01% in consideration of scouring costs. In order to ensure higher rollability, the Mn content is more preferably 0.01 to 0.5%.
- P is an element that increases the strength of the steel, but if it is excessively contained, the strength of the steel increases excessively and the rollability decreases. Therefore, the upper limit of the P content is preferably 0.05%. Although it is not necessary to specify the lower limit of the P content, it is preferable that the lower limit of the P content is 0.001% in consideration of the scouring cost. In order to ensure higher rollability, the P content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.02%.
- the upper limit of the S content is preferably 0.02%.
- the lower limit of the S content is 0.0001% in consideration of the scouring cost. In order to ensure higher rollability and to obtain superiority in terms of cost, the S content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.01%.
- Al 0.0005-0.2%
- Al is added as a deoxidizing element for steel.
- the upper limit of the Al content is preferably 0.2%.
- the Al content is more preferably 0.001 to 0.1%.
- the upper limit of the N content is preferably 0.1%.
- the lower limit of the N content is preferably set to 0.0001% in consideration of the refining cost.
- the N content is more preferably 0.0001 to 0.004%, and further preferably 0.001 to 0.01%.
- the steel plate for producing the steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to the present embodiment may further contain Ti and / or Nb as an additional component.
- Ti and / or Nb can fix C and N in the steel as carbides and nitrides to improve the workability of the steel.
- the Ti content is 0.01 to 0.8% and the Nb content is 0.005 to 0.05%.
- the steel plate for producing the steel foil for an electricity storage device container according to the present embodiment further includes one or more elements such as B, Cu, Ni, Sn, and Cr as additional components. You may contain in the range which does not impair the effect of.
- a metal chromium layer is formed on the steel plate surface by a chromium plating process, and then a hydrated chromium oxide layer is formed on the metal chromium layer by an electrolytic chromic acid treatment process.
- a metal chromium layer is formed on the surface of the steel sheet by performing cathodic electrolysis in an aqueous solution containing chromic acid as a main component.
- the electrolytic chromic acid treatment step the steel sheet is subjected to electrolytic chromic acid treatment in a non-sulfuric acid aqueous solution mainly containing one or more of chromic acid, chromate and dichromate.
- the composition of the chromium plating bath is preferably a bath containing 0.75 to 2 mol / l chromic anhydride, 0.05 to 0.4 mol / l halide, 0.01 to 0.1 mol / l sulfuric acid, and Cr 3+.
- the electrolytic chromic acid treatment is preferably performed using a bath containing 0.1 to 2 mol / l of chromic anhydride and an inorganic salt or a water-soluble salt thereof.
- the adhesion amount of the metal chromium layer applied to the steel sheet in the chromium plating step is in the range of 60 to 200 mg / m 2 , more preferably in the range of 100 to 140 mg / m 2 .
- the metal chromium layer on the steel sheet is less than 60 mg / m 2 , when the surface-treated steel sheet is cold-rolled into a steel foil for containers, the surface of the steel foil cannot be sufficiently covered with the metal chromium layer, and non-water It may be difficult to ensure corrosion resistance to the electrolytic solution. If the metal chromium layer on the steel plate exceeds 200 mg / m 2 , the effect of ensuring good corrosion resistance is saturated and economic demerits may occur.
- the adhesion amount of the hydrated chromium oxide layer applied to the steel sheet in the electrolytic chromic acid treatment step is in the range of 7 to 25 mg / m 2 , more preferably in the range of 10 to 16 mg / m 2 . If the hydrated chromium oxide layer on the steel sheet is less than 7 mg / m 2 , the adhesion amount of the hydrated chromium oxide layer after cold rolling the surface-treated steel sheet into a container steel foil may be 6 mg / m 2 or more. It may not be possible. In addition, if the hydrated chromium oxide layer on the steel sheet exceeds 25 mg / m 2 , the effect of ensuring good corrosion resistance is saturated and economical disadvantages occur, and the film becomes thick and the appearance deteriorates. May occur.
- a steel sheet (surface-treated steel sheet) provided with a metal chromium layer and a hydrated chromium oxide layer is cold-rolled to form a foil strip having a thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the Fe concentration at a depth of 10 nm from the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer is less than 10% by mass, and the arithmetic average roughness Ra is 10 nm or more on the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer. Is an area ratio of less than 20%, and the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of less than 10 nm in the 1 ⁇ m visual field. Is obtained.
- the cumulative rolling rate of cold rolling is 15% or more and 80% or less, preferably 15% or more and 30% or less, and more preferably 17% or more and 25% or less.
- the cumulative rolling rate is a percentage of the cumulative reduction amount (the difference between the inlet plate thickness before the first pass and the outlet plate thickness after the final pass) with respect to the inlet plate thickness of the first rolling stand. If the cumulative rolling rate is small, the foil strength may be less than 600 MPa.
- the consolidation of the hydrated chromium oxide layer is insufficient, and the polyolefin layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer themselves are likely to be damaged when processed into the shape of the electricity storage device container, thereby reducing the corrosion resistance against the non-aqueous electrolyte. there is a possibility.
- the Fe concentration at a depth of 10 nm from the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer may be 10% by mass or more.
- the cold rolling is preferably carried out a plurality of rolling passes, specifically about 5 to 30 passes, more preferably about 5 to 25 passes, and further preferably about 10 to 20 passes.
- the rolling load per rolling pass is preferably in the range of about 50 to 60 tons with respect to the material width of about 500 mm.
- the load in the first half of the rolling pass is reduced and the rolling load is gradually increased when work hardening has progressed. It is preferable to perform a plurality of rolling operations continuously with the load applied.
- a tension of about 29.4 to 49 MPa (3 to 5 kg / mm 2 ) is applied in the rolling direction (longitudinal direction) of the steel sheet.
- the tension is 9.8 to 19.6 MPa. It is preferable to apply a weak tension of about (1 to 2 kg / mm 2 ).
- a steel foil for a power storage device container is manufactured by cold rolling a steel plate (surface-treated steel plate) on which a metal chromium layer and a hydrated chromium oxide layer are formed under the above conditions.
- a steel plate surface-treated steel plate
- the steel sheet extends in the rolling direction and contracts in the sheet width direction.
- the portion of the surface of the steel plate that has undulations in the plate width direction is greatly cracked because the metal chrome layer is stretched in a non-pressed state, and cannot follow the steel plate (ground iron), and the steel plate is rolled.
- the exposed area of the steel foil increases.
- the hydrated chromium oxide layer is also stretched in a non-pressed state, the hydrated chromium oxide layer is not consolidated and is divided without being filled in the gap between the metal chromium layers.
- the portion where Fe is exposed on the surface increases, the surface properties of the hydrated chromium oxide layer also deteriorate (Ra increases to a value of 3 nm or more), and the resistance to the electrolytic solution decreases.
- the tension in the rolling direction at the time of rolling is relaxed, and the steel plate surface having waviness in the plate width direction is rolled in the plate width direction by rolling the steel plate so as to extend in the plate width direction.
- the metal chromium layer and the hydrated chromium oxide layer are rolled as a result of spreading so that the rolling force is evenly applied to the entire surface.
- the rolling load is relatively small in the initial rolling pass, and the rolling load is gradually increased when work hardening has progressed, whereas in the present embodiment, a relatively high rolling load is initially set. Apply.
- the crushing in the sheet width direction acts from the first rolling pass, combined with the low tension, the shrinkage in the sheet width direction is suppressed, and the sheet width direction has undulations.
- the steel plate surface is extended so as to spread in the plate width direction, and the entire metal chromium layer and hydrated chromium oxide layer are rolled, so that the rolling force is evenly applied to the entire surface.
- the Fe concentration at a depth of 10 nm from the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer is reduced. it can.
- the area ratio occupied by the portion where the arithmetic average roughness Ra on the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer is 10 nm or more, and the arithmetic operation of the portion where the arithmetic average roughness Ra on the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer is less than 10 nm
- the average roughness Ra can be reduced.
- the surface-treated steel sheet under the above rolling conditions the surface is crushed and the arithmetic average roughness Ra is lowered, and the hydrated chromium oxide layer is consolidated and solidified.
- the damage of the resin layer at the time of laminating the polyolefin resin layer and the damage of the hydrated chromium oxide layer itself are suppressed, and the electrolytic solution performance is improved.
- the area ratio occupied by the area where the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the 1 ⁇ m visual field is 10 nm or more is less than 20%, and the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the 1 ⁇ m visual field is less than 10 nm. Since the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the 1 ⁇ m visual field of the part becomes 3 nm or less, the arithmetic average roughness Ra is reduced as a whole, and the electrolytic solution performance is improved.
- a steel foil for a power storage device container similar to the present embodiment by forming a metal chromium layer and a hydrated chromium oxide layer on the steel foil, but such a steel foil for a power storage device container is rolled. Since the hydrated chromium oxide layer has not undergone the process, the area ratio occupied by the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the 1 ⁇ m visual field is less than 20% and the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the 1 ⁇ m visual field is less than 10 nm. The arithmetic average roughness Ra in the 1 ⁇ m visual field of the part to become does not satisfy 3 nm or less, and the hydrated chromium oxide layer does not become strong.
- a polyolefin resin layer is formed on the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil for an electricity storage device container after cold rolling.
- the polyolefin resin layer may be laminated by a heat laminating method.
- the steel foil for an electricity storage device container thus manufactured is further processed into a container for an electricity storage device through press molding or the like.
- an electrical storage device is manufactured by inserting an electrode in the container for electrical storage devices and injecting organic electrolyte solution.
- a lithium ion secondary battery can be manufactured by using a positive electrode and a negative electrode capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions as electrodes and using an organic electrolyte containing a lithium salt as the organic electrolyte.
- a capacitor can be manufactured by a combination of an electrode made of activated carbon and an organic electrolyte.
- the conditions of the examples are one example of conditions adopted for confirming the feasibility and effects of the present invention, and the present invention is limited to this one example of conditions. Is not to be done.
- the present invention can adopt various conditions as long as the object of the present invention is achieved without departing from the gist of the present invention.
- Step foils 1 to 12 and steel foils C103 to C106 A cold-rolled steel sheet having a thickness of 120 ⁇ m and 140 ⁇ m having the composition shown in Table 1 was subjected to degreasing and pickling, followed by plating and electrolytic chromic acid treatment to form a metal chromium layer having an adhesion amount of 60 to 140 mg / m 2. After the formation, a surface-treated steel sheet on which a hydrated chromium oxide layer having an adhesion amount of 7 to 25 mg / m 2 in terms of chromium amount was formed was produced.
- the surface-treated steel sheet was cold-rolled under the conditions shown in Table 2 to produce steel foils 1 to 12 and steel foils C103 to C106 each having a metal chromium layer and a hydrated chromium oxide layer on the steel foil.
- tension indicates the tension applied in the rolling direction during cold rolling.
- the numerical value on the left indicates a value in “MPa”
- the numerical value on the right indicates a value in “kg / mm 2 ”.
- Step foil C101 A steel foil C101 was produced in the same manner as the steel foil 1 except that the hydrated chromium oxide layer was not formed on the cold rolled steel sheet.
- Step foil C102 A steel foil C102 was produced in the same manner as the steel foil 1 except that no metal chromium layer was formed on the cold-rolled steel sheet.
- Step foil C107 A steel foil C107 was produced in the same manner as the steel foil 1 except that the surface-treated steel sheet was not cold-rolled.
- Table 2 shows the types of cold-rolled steel sheets, the total thickness of surface-treated steel sheets, the amount of chromium layer deposited, the amount of hydrated chromium oxide layer deposited, cold rolling in steel foils 1 to 12 and steel foils C101 to C107.
- the conditions, the total thickness of the steel foil, the adhesion amount of the chromium layer after rolling, and the adhesion amount of the hydrated chromium oxide layer after rolling are shown.
- Table 3 also shows the average value of Fe concentration at the depth from the surface (0 nm) to 10 nm of the hydrated chromium oxide layer (hereinafter also referred to as “average Fe concentration at 10 nm depth”), the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer.
- the area ratio occupied by the part where the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the 1 ⁇ m field of view is 10 nm or more (hereinafter also referred to as “area ratio occupied by the part where Ra is 10 nm or more”), 1 ⁇ m within the 1 ⁇ m field on the surface of the hydrated chromium oxide layer
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the part where the arithmetic average roughness Ra in the visual field is less than 10 nm hereinafter also referred to as “Ra of the part where Ra is less than 10 nm”
- the measured values in Tables 2 and 3 were measured according to the following measuring methods.
- Quantification was performed by the following method using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer. First, chromium was counted by the fluorescent X-ray method to measure the total amount of Cr. A total of 9 points were used as the measured samples while cutting out the central portion and both end portions in the width direction and changing the position of the manufactured steel foil in the longitudinal direction. Next, the sample was immersed in a 7.5 normal sodium hydroxide solution at 90 to 100 ° C. for 5 minutes to remove the hydrated chromium oxide layer, and then the chromium count was measured by the fluorescent X-ray method.
- the amount of chromium was measured by a calibration curve, and the amount of hydrated chromium oxide layer deposited in terms of chromium amount was obtained.
- the metal chromium layer is completely removed by polishing or dipping in about 20% hot sulfuric acid solution, and then the chromium count of the iron is measured. From the difference from the chrome count, the amount of metal chromium layer deposited was determined by a calibration curve.
- the Fe concentration was analyzed by glow discharge emission analysis.
- the average Fe concentration in the range of 10 nm from the surface was determined.
- the analyzed positions were three in total, taking three places, the central part and both end parts in the width direction, and changing the position in the longitudinal direction of the manufactured steel foil.
- the glow discharge emission spectroscopic analysis was performed in a discharge range of 4 mm ⁇ using a GD-PROFILER 2 manufactured by HORIBA, Ltd. under a discharge condition of argon (Ar) pressure 600 Pa and 35 W constant power normal mode.
- the secondary electron image has a high roughness, high undulation surface bright, and a low roughness, low undulation surface looks dark. For example, at a magnification of 1000 times, the contrast is sufficient in the range of luminance within the field of view. When the compaction surface and the non-consolidation surface are mixed in the visual field, the compaction surface is dark (blackish) and the non-consolidation surface is bright (whiter).
- Pt deposition of 5 nm or more is performed by fixing it on an aluminum sample stand or the like with carbon tape, and after sufficient energization, SEM observation is performed, and a secondary electron image at a magnification of 1000 is stored as a digital image file.
- focusing is performed at a high magnification of 10000 times or more, and a digital image is acquired with an accuracy that the square area is 90 to 110 ⁇ m on a side at 1000 times and the square area is 900 to 1100 pixels on a side.
- Grayscale BMP file At this time, a higher-definition gradation and the number of pixels may be acquired, and the gradation and the number of pixels may be compressed to the specified range by an average method without arbitrary deterioration by image processing software or the like. .
- FIG. 9 shows an SEM photograph taken at 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 90 ⁇ m (1070 ⁇ 963 pixels) from the SEM photograph (magnification 1000 times) of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C103 shown in FIG. 2A.
- FIG. 13 shows an SEM photograph taken at 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 90 ⁇ m (1070 ⁇ 963 pixels) from the SEM photograph (magnification 1000 times) of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil 1 shown in FIG. 3A.
- each point in the SEM photograph is one of 256-tone values from 0 to 255, with 0 being completely black and 255 being completely white.
- this file is subjected to a filtering process that averages 3 to 9 pixel points around the front, back, left and right at each pixel point. Remove such noise.
- the maximum luminance value is high gradation of 200 to 253 and the minimum luminance value is 5 to 100 in the data after the above-mentioned noise removal. Low tone.
- the brightness and contrast are set so that the maximum luminance and the minimum luminance are within the above-mentioned range. Need to be adjusted. If the maximum and minimum brightness values do not fall within this gradation, adjust the gain and contrast of the first secondary electron image acquisition, and adjust the image so that the maximum and minimum brightness values are in the above-mentioned range. To create an image file.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing a histogram with respect to luminance in the SEM photograph of FIG.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a histogram with respect to luminance in the SEM photograph of FIG.
- the luminance at the boundary between the non-consolidated portion and the consolidated portion is set as a threshold value, and a binarized diagram is created at the top and bottom. What is necessary is just to count the number of pixels.
- the threshold value is the value of the bottom of the peak of the compacted portion
- the luminance is a luminance that intersects the slope of the peak of the consolidated portion on the high luminance side linearly extending to the luminance axis.
- FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of obtaining the luminance threshold values of the consolidated part and the non-consolidated part from the enlarged view of the histogram shown in FIG.
- FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of obtaining the luminance threshold values of the consolidated part and the non-consolidated part from the enlarged view of the histogram shown in FIG.
- FIG. 12 shows an SEM photograph obtained by binarizing the SEM photograph of FIG. 9 with the luminance threshold values of the consolidated part and the non-consolidated part obtained from the enlarged view of the histogram shown in FIG.
- the area ratio of the non-consolidated region (white region) is calculated to be 21.9%.
- FIG. 16 shows an SEM photograph obtained by binarizing the SEM photograph of FIG. 13 with the luminance threshold values of the consolidated part and the unconsolidated part obtained from the enlarged view of the histogram shown in FIG.
- the area ratio of the non-consolidated region (white region) is calculated to be 5.6%.
- the Ra in the 1 ⁇ m field of view is 10 nm or less on the consolidated surface
- the Ra in the 1 ⁇ m field of view is 10 nm or more on the non-consolidated surface is a non-consolidated region (white region) other than the effective consolidated region.
- On the processed SEM photograph displayed as: 1 ⁇ m or more away from the boundary between the consolidated surface and the unconsolidated surface from the black region for the consolidated surface and from the white region for the unconsolidated surface, respectively. It was confirmed by measuring with an AFM (atomic force microscope) at a certain position.
- the area ratio of the manufactured steel foil 1 to steel foil 12 and steel foil C101 to steel foil C107 was measured by the portion having Ra of 10 nm or more.
- Ra at a site where Ra is less than 10 nm was measured by AFM measurement in five different black areas on the SEM photograph, and obtained as an average value. For the different black areas, five large areas in the photograph were selected in order.
- Ra of the manufactured steel foil 1 to steel foil 12 and steel foil C101 to steel foil C106 was measured at a site where Ra was less than 10 nm.
- Ra in the 1 ⁇ m field of view is measured by AFM measurement at 10 or more points where there are no flaws or foreign objects at equal intervals from any place of the sample as much as possible. The ratio is determined with the surface of less than 10 nm as the consolidated surface.
- Ra measurement method by atomic force microscope For measurement of Ra by an atomic force microscope (AFM), an atomic force microscope (Nanoscope 5 manufactured by Bruker AXS) was used.
- the cantilever used was MPP11100 made by the same company, and the radius of curvature of the tip of the probe was 8 nm.
- the non-consolidated surface having an arithmetic surface roughness Ra of 10 nm or more the center of the region that appears white (high brightness) is selected on the SEM photograph, and the compact surface having an arithmetic surface roughness Ra of less than 10 nm appears black on the SEM photograph ( The center of the area (low brightness) was selected.
- the area measurement was repeated 5 times. That is, the measurement was performed for each of five regions of an arbitrary consolidated surface or non-consolidated surface on the steel foil for containers. Note that, using the software attached to the atomic force microscope, the measurement data of the five regions obtained were subjected to a flattening process to calculate the arithmetic average roughness Ra in each region. The average value of Ra in each obtained region was defined as the arithmetic average roughness Ra of the compacted surface or non-consolidated surface of the steel foil for containers.
- a polypropylene film having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m was laminated on the hydrated chromium oxide layer.
- a total of nine test pieces cut out of 5 mm ⁇ 40 mm were prepared while changing the position in the longitudinal direction from the center and both ends with respect to the width direction of the steel foil for containers laminated with polypropylene film. It was completely immersed in an electrolyte solution in a polypropylene bottle that can be sealed using and kept at 80 ° C. for 7 days.
- a 180 ° peel test in accordance with JIS K 6854-2 was performed on both test pieces that were not immersed in the electrolyte solution, and the adhesion strength of the polypropylene film was measured. The percentage of decrease was evaluated by dividing the adhesion strength of the immersed test piece by the adhesion strength of the non-immersed test piece to obtain a percentage. The lower the decrease rate, the higher the electrolytic solution resistance.
- the reduction rate of the steel foil C102 in this test is approximately 50%, but it is assumed that the steel foil C102 is better than the steel foil C102 if it is smaller than 30%, and the steel foil C102 is better than the steel foil C102 B, 45%. About 60% is better than steel foil C102 but inferior to "B" B-, about 50-60% is equivalent to steel foil C102 C, more than 60% is more than steel foil C102 It was set as D as a defect.
- the electrolyte used was a lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) diluted to a concentration of 1 mol / L with a 1: 1 mixture of ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
- the shape of the die hole of the die was a rectangular shape with a length of 142 mm ⁇ width of 142 mm and a corner portion diameter of 4 mm, and the punch had a shape of length 140 mm ⁇ width 140 mm and corner portion diameter of 4 mm.
- the pressing condition was a wrinkle pressing force of 6 tons
- the lubricant used was a mixture of Johnson WAX122 and machine oil 1: 1, and the pressing speed was 60 mm / min.
- a laminated steel foil having a length of 200 mm and a width of 200 mm was pressed to a depth of 5 mm with the side on which the polypropylene film was laminated facing the punch.
- a total of 9 points are obtained by changing the position in the longitudinal direction of the test piece having a width of about 5 mm and a length of about 40 mm so as to include a corner portion from the processed member, and changing the position in the longitudinal direction from three places in the center and both ends with respect to the width direction. Cut out. Subsequently, the test piece was completely immersed in the electrolytic solution in a polypropylene bottle that can be sealed using a lid, and the test piece was held at 80 ° C. for 7 days.
- the steel foils 1 to 12 exhibited good electrolytic solution resistance.
- the steel foils C101 to C107 resulted in poor electrolytic solution resistance.
- the steel foils 1 to 12 of the present invention showed good electrolytic solution resistance even at the site processed into the shape of the electricity storage device container.
- the steel foils C101 to C107 were inferior in electrolytic solution resistance even in the parts processed into the shape of the electricity storage device container.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B show SEM photographs of the hydrated chromium oxide layer before cold rolling
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show SEM photographs of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C103
- FIGS. 3A and 3B Shows an SEM photograph of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil 1.
- 1A, 2A, and 3A are photographs at a magnification of 1000 times
- FIGS. 1B, 2B, and 3B are photographs at a magnification of 10000 times.
- FIG. 2A a white portion is present along the rolling direction (RD direction in the figure).
- FIG. 2B is an enlarged photograph of a white portion.
- the steel foil 1 has many portions that appear black as a whole, and it can be seen that the entire surface is flat. This is because when the steel sheet before cold rolling had waviness along the sheet width direction, the tension in the rolling direction during rolling was lowered, so that the steel sheet not only in the rolling direction but also in the sheet width direction due to rolling. As a result, it is considered that the whole was flattened by receiving a rolling load uniformly.
- FIG. 4 shows the results of the depth analysis of the constituent elements of the hydrated chromium oxide layer before cold rolling
- FIG. 5 shows the depth analysis of the constituent elements of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C103.
- a result is shown and the result of the depth analysis of the element of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil 1 is shown in FIG.
- the Fe concentration from the surface to a depth of 10 nm is almost 0%.
- the Fe concentration from the surface to a depth of 10 nm exceeds 5%. This is because the tension in the rolling direction at the time of rolling was increased, so that the wavy valley portion (concave portion) was stretched without being reduced during cold rolling, and the metal chromium layer was divided at this portion, and the hydrated chromium oxide It is considered that the underlying Fe was partially exposed because there was no effect of filling the metal chromium layer dividing portion due to. Thereby, in steel foil C103, it is thought that the electrolyte solution resistance fell.
- the Fe concentration from the surface to a depth of 10 nm is less than 5%. This is presumably because the tension in the rolling direction during rolling was lowered, so that the entire hydrated chromium oxide layer was uniformly rolled during cold rolling, and the underlying Fe was not exposed. Thereby, in the steel foil 1, it is thought that the electrolytic solution resistance was improved.
- FIG. 7A and 7B show SEM photographs of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C105
- FIG. 8 shows the results of depth analysis of the constituent elements of the hydrated chromium oxide layer of the steel foil C105.
- 7A is a photograph at a magnification of 1000 times
- FIG. 7B is a photograph at a magnification of 10000 times.
- steel foil C105 In steel foil C105, the tension in the rolling direction is high, the cumulative rolling rate is high, and a very strong rolling load is applied. Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, there are many portions that appear black as a whole. The whole surface became flat. Thus, the steel foil C105 is good in terms of surface roughness. However, as shown in FIG. 8, in the steel foil C105, the Fe concentration from the surface to a depth of 10 nm exceeds 10%. This is probably because a large rolling load was applied during rolling, so that the underlying Fe was entirely exposed. Thereby, in steel foil C105, it is thought that the electrolyte solution resistance fell.
- Steel foil C106 has a very high cumulative rolling rate, so it is still good in terms of surface roughness, but the Fe concentration from the surface to a depth of 10 nm exceeds 10%. Thereby, in steel foil C106, it is thought that the electrolyte solution resistance fell.
- the steel foil C107 is a steel foil that has not been cold-rolled, the hydrated chromium oxide layer is not consolidated and the surface is rough, so the electrolytic solution resistance is considered to have been reduced.
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Abstract
Description
特許文献2:日本国特開2000-357494号公報
[1] 鋼箔と、前記鋼箔上に積層された金属クロム層と、前記金属クロム層上に積層された水和酸化クロム層とが備えられ、
前記水和酸化クロム層の表面から10nmまでの深さにおけるFe濃度が10質量%未満であり、
前記水和酸化クロム層の表面において、1μm視野内の算術平均粗さRaが10nm以上になる部位の占める面積率が20%未満であり、
前記水和酸化クロム層の表面において、1μm視野内の算術平均粗さRaが10nm未満になる部位の1μm視野内の算術平均粗さRaが3nm以下である蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔。
[2] 微細に割れた前記金属クロム層の間隙に水和酸化クロムが充填された状態で、前記金属クロム層上に前記水和酸化クロム層が積層されている、[1]に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔。
[3] 前記鋼箔、前記金属クロム層及び前記水和酸化クロム層の合計厚みが100μm以下である、[1]または[2]に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔。
[4] 前記水和酸化クロム層の表面に付着されたポリオレフィン系樹脂層を有する、[1]~[3]のいずれか1に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔。
[5] [4]に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔からなる蓄電デバイス用容器。
[6] [5]に記載の蓄電デバイス用容器を備えた蓄電デバイス。
また、水和酸化クロム層が圧密化されていないので、表面が粗い状態(例えば、算術平均粗さRaが14.7μm程度の状態)となっている。ここで、図18に、冷間圧延前の水和酸化クロム層の表面を示す、1辺が1μm視野のAFM(原子間力顕微鏡)写真を示す、図18に示すAFM写真では、凸部の高さが高い程白く表示され、凹部の深さが深い程色が濃く表示されており、冷間圧延前の水和酸化クロム層の表面が粗い状態であることが示されている。
なお、図19中、SSは表面処理鋼板を示し、SSAは鋼板を示し、SSFは鋼箔を示し、MCLは金属クロム層を示し、HCOLは水和酸化クロム層を示し、ROは圧延ロールを示し、RDは圧延方向を示す。
なお、図20中、SFは容器用鋼箔を示し、SSFは鋼箔を示し、MCLは金属クロム層を示し、HCOLは水和酸化クロム層を示し、RLはポリオレフィン樹脂層を示す。
つまり、表面処理鋼板表面の凸部及び凹部のいずれでも、金属クロム層が圧下と延伸により微細に割れ、鋼板(地鉄)に追随して、鋼板が圧延された鋼箔の露出面積は小さくなる。水和酸化クロム層は、圧下と延伸により、微細に割れた金属クロム層の間隙に充填されつつ、圧下により圧密化されてミクロに平滑面を形成する(図21の(1)参照)。
なお、図21中、SSは表面処理鋼板を示し、SSAは鋼板を示し、SSFは鋼箔を示し、MCLは金属クロム層を示し、HCOLは水和酸化クロム層を示し、ROは圧延ロールを示し、RDは圧延方向を示す。
なお、図23中、SFは容器用鋼箔を示し、SSFは鋼箔を示し、MCLは金属クロム層を示し、HCOLは水和酸化クロム層を示し、RLはポリオレフィン樹脂層を示す。
このように、本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔は、大きな表面粗さを有する領域の面積率が小さく、かつ小さい表面粗さを有する領域の表面粗さ自体も小さいので、ポリオレフィン樹脂層を積層する際のフィルムの破損、及び水和酸化クロム層自体の破損が抑制される。また、蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔を蓄電デバイス容器に加工した際にも、ポリオレフィン樹脂層及び水和酸化クロム層自体の破損が抑制され、耐電解液性能が高まる。
算術平均粗さRaが10nm以上になる部位の面積率は、好ましくは15%未満、より好ましくは7.5%未満である。そして、算術平均粗さRaが10nm未満になる領域の面積率は、好ましくは85%以上、より好ましく92.5%以上である。
一方で、算術平均粗さRaが10nm以上になる部位の面積率の下限は、特に制限はないが、実施上の現実的な観点から、0%になることはない。
また、算術平均粗さRaが10nm未満になる部位の算術平均粗さRaは、好ましくは2.5以下である。一方で、算術平均粗さRaが10nm未満になる部位の算術平均粗さRaの下限は、特に制限はないが、実施上の現実的な観点から、0nmになることはない。
圧延され、水和酸化クロム層が圧密化された部分の表面性状は、非常に小さい凹凸から構成されるため、1μm視野内の算術平均粗さRa(以下単に「Ra」とも称する)はナノメートル(nm)レベルである。このようなnmレベルのRaを測定するには、先端部がミクロンメートル(μm)レベルの曲率半径である探針では、nmレベルの凹凸を正確にトレースすることができず、先端部がnmレベルの曲率半径である探針を用いる必要がある。具体的には、先端部が6~15nmの曲率半径である探針を用いて、Raを測定する。
したがって、原子間力顕微鏡では、断面プロファイルとして2次元データ(X-Z面およびY-Z面)が得られるため、このデータに基づき、JIS B601に規定されている方法に準じて、算術平均粗さRaを算出すればよい。このとき、原子間力顕微鏡に付属の解析ソフトウェアあるいは市販の解析ソフトウェアを用いてデータ処理を行って、Raを算出してもよい。
C:0.0001~0.1%、
Si:0.001~0.5%、
Mn:0.01~1%、
P:0.001~0.05%、
S:0.0001~0.02%、
Al:0.0005~0.2%、
N:0.0001~0.1%%、及び、
残部:Fe及び不純物。
Cは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、過剰に含有すると強度が上昇しすぎて、圧延性が低下する。本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔は、後に述べるように、大きな累積圧延率の加工硬化によって高強度化するので、圧延の容易さを考慮すると、元の鋼材は軟質であることが好ましい。従って、C含有量の上限を0.1%とするのがよい。C含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精錬コストを考慮して、C含有量の下限は0.0001%とすることが好ましい。なお、C含有量は、より好ましくは0.001%~0.01%である。
Siは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、過剰に含有させると鋼の強度が上昇しすぎて、鋼の圧延性が低下する。従って、Si含有量の上限を0.5%とすることが好ましい。Si含有量の下限は特に規定されないが、精練コストを考慮して、Si含有量の下限を0.001%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、Si含有量は0.001~0.02%がより好ましい。
Mnは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、過剰に含有させると鋼の強度が上昇しすぎて、圧延性が低下する。従って、Mn含有量の上限を1%とすることが好ましい。Mn含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精練コストを考慮して、Mn含有量の下限を0.01%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、Mn含有量は0.01~0.5%とすることがより好ましい。
Pは、鋼の強度を高める元素であるが、過剰に含有させると鋼の強度が上昇しすぎて、圧延性が低下する。従って、P含有量の上限を0.05%とすることが好ましい。P含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精練コストを考慮して、P含有量の下限を0.001%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、P含有量は0.001~0.02%とすることがより好ましい。
Sは、鋼の熱間加工性及び耐食性を低下させる元素であるので、少ないほど好ましい。S含有量の上限を0.02%とすることが好ましい。S含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精練コストを考慮して、S含有量の下限を0.0001%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するため、また、コストの点で優位性を得るためには、S含有量を0.001~0.01%とすることがより好ましい。
Alは、鋼の脱酸元素として添加される。脱酸による効果を得るためには、Alを0.0005%以上含有させることが好ましい。しかしながら、Alを過剰に含有させると鋼の圧延性が低下するので、Al含有量の上限を0.2%とすることが好ましい。より高い圧延性を確保するためには、Al含有量を0.001~0.1%とすることがより好ましい。
Nは、鋼の熱間加工性及び加工性を低下させる元素であるので、少ないほど好ましい。従って、N含有量の上限を0.1%とすることが好ましい。N含有量の下限を特に規定する必要はないが、精錬コストを考慮して、N含有量の下限を0.0001%とすることが好ましい。また、また、コストの点で優位性を得るためには、N含有量を0.0001~0.004%とすることがより好ましく、0.001~0.01%とすることがさらに好ましい。
鋼の残部は、Fe及び不純物である。不純物とは、不可避的に、原材料に含まれる成分、または、製造の過程で混入する成分であって、意図的に鋼板に含有させたものではない成分を指す。
本実施形態に係る蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔を得るために、クロムめっき工程により鋼板表面に金属クロム層を形成し、次いで電解クロム酸処理工程により金属クロム層上に水和酸化クロム層を形成する。クロムめっき工程では、クロム酸を主成分とする水溶液中で陰極電解を行うことで、鋼板表面に金属クロム層を形成する。また、電解クロム酸処理工程では、クロム酸、クロム酸塩および重クロム酸塩のうちの1種または2種以上を主成分とする非硫酸系水溶液中で鋼板に電解クロム酸処理を行う。
金属クロム層及び水和酸化クロム層を備えた鋼板(表面処理鋼板)に冷間圧延を施し、厚さ100μm以下の箔帯とする。この手順を踏むことにより、水和酸化クロム層の表面から10nmまでの深さにおけるFe濃度が10質量%未満であり、水和酸化クロム層の表面において算術平均粗さRaが10nm以上になる部位の占める面積率が20%未満であり、水和酸化クロム層の表面において、1μm視野内の算術平均粗さRaが10nm未満になる部位の算術平均粗さRaが3nm以下である容器用鋼箔が得られる。
本実施形態では、圧延時の圧延方向への張力を緩和して、鋼板を板幅方向にも延ばすように圧延することで、板幅方向にうねりを有している鋼板表面が板幅方向に広がるように延ばされて、金属クロム層及び水和酸化クロム層の全体が圧延されることになり、圧下力が表面全体に均等に加わるようになる。
次に、冷間圧延後の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔の水和酸化クロム層上にポリオレフィン樹脂層を形成する。ポリオレフィン樹脂層は、熱ラミネート法によって積層すればよい。
表1に示す成分組成の板厚120μm、および140μmの冷延鋼板に対して、脱脂及び酸洗の後、めっき処理及び電解クロム酸処理により、付着量60~140mg/m2の金属クロム層を形成させた後、クロム量換算で付着量7~25mg/m2の水和酸化クロム層を形成させた表面処理鋼板を製造した。
冷延鋼板に水和酸化クロム層を形成しなかったこと以外は上記鋼箔1と同様にして、鋼箔C101を製造した。
冷延鋼板に金属クロム層を形成しなかったこと以外は上記鋼箔1と同様にして、鋼箔C102を製造した。
表面処理鋼板に冷間圧延を行わなかった以外は、上記鋼箔1と同様にして、鋼箔C107を製造した。
また、表3に、水和酸化クロム層の表面(0nm)から10nmまでの深さにおけるFe濃度の平均値(以下「深さ10nmの平均Fe濃度」とも表記)、水和酸化クロム層の表面における1μm視野内の算術平均粗さRaが10nm以上になる部位の占める面積率(以下「Ra10nm以上になる部位の占める面積率」とも表記)、水和酸化クロム層の表面における1μm視野内の1μm視野内の算術平均粗さRaが10nm未満になる部位の算術平均粗さRa(以下「Ra10nm未満になる部位のRa」とも表記)、及び耐電解液性を示す。
表2、表3における測定値は、下記の測定方法の通りに測定した。
蛍光X線分析装置を用い、次の方法により定量した。最初に蛍光X線法によってクロム・カウントを計ってCrの総量を計測した。計測した試料は、幅方向に対して中央部と両端部の3か所を切り出して、製造した鋼箔の長手方向の位置をかえながら、合計9点を使用した。次に、試料を90~100℃の7.5規定の水酸化ナトリウム溶液中に5分間浸漬して、水和酸化クロム層を除去してから、蛍光X線法によってクロム・カウントを計り、総量からの差から、検量線によってクロム量を計り、クロム量換算での水和酸化クロム層の付着量を得た。次に、研磨、または約20%の熱硫酸溶液に浸漬などにより金属クロム層を完全に除去してから地鉄のクロム・カウントを計り、地鉄のクロム・カウントと金属クロム層の除去前のクロム・カウントとの差より、検量線によって金属クロム層の付着量を求めた。
アルゴンスパッタリングによって水和酸化クロム層を1μmの深さまでエッチングしつつ、グロー放電発光分析によってFe濃度を分析した。表面から10nmの範囲の平均Fe濃度を求めた。分析した位置は、幅方向に対して中央部と両端部の3か所を取り、製造した鋼箔の長手方向の位置をかえながら、合計9点行った。
なお、グロー放電発光分光分析は、堀場製作所社製GD-PROFILER2を使用し、アルゴン(Ar)圧力600Pa、35W定電力ノーマルモードの放電条件で、4mmφの放電範囲で実施した。
まず、金属クロム層、及び水和酸化クロム層を持つ一般の冷延鋼板を圧延した場合、表面において、ロールが接触し、十分に圧延され、算術平均粗さRaが10nm未満となる面(圧密面)と、ロールとの接触が不十分で十分に圧延されておらず、算術平均粗さRaが10nm以上となる面(非圧密面)が混在すると、走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)において二次電子像を得た場合、圧密面と非圧密面においてコントラストが生じる。これは、それぞれの表面粗さのレベルが有意に異なることに起因する。二次電子像は、高粗度の、起伏の大きい面は明るく、低粗度の、起伏の小さい面は暗く見えるため、例えば、1000倍の倍率において、視野内の輝度の範囲で十分なコントラストが得られる様に調整すると、視野内に圧密面と非圧密面が混在する場合、圧密面は暗く(黒っぽく)、非圧密面は明るく(白っぽく)表示される。
具体的には、製造した鋼箔の疵又は異物の無い領域より、幅方向に対して中央部と両端部の3か所から、長手方向の位置をかえながら、5mm程度のサンプルを9点採取し、カーボンテープでアルミ試料台などに固定して5nm以上のPt蒸着を施し、十分な通電を取った後、SEM観察をし、倍率1000倍の二次電子像をデジタル画像ファイルとして保管する。この際、10000倍以上の高倍率でピントを合わせ、1000倍で一辺が90~110μmの四角形の領域を、その四角形の領域が一辺900~1100画素数となる精度でデジタル画像を取得し、8bitのグレースケールのBMPファイルとする。この際、より高精細な諧調、画素数の図を取得して、画像処理ソフトなどにより、恣意的な劣化の無い、平均的な方法により諧調及び画素数を前記指定範囲に圧縮しても良い。
図9のSEM写真および図13のSEM写真に示すように、SEM写真の中の各点は、完全な黒色を0、完全な白色を255とする、0~255の256諧調の数値のどれかで表わされるが、生データでは、画素単位での細かいノイズがあるので、このファイルに対して、各画素点において前後左右の周囲の3~9画素点の平均値とするフィルター処理を行い、このようなノイズを除去する。
閾値は、便宜的に、圧密部のピークの裾の値とし、便宜的には、圧密部のピークの高輝度側の傾斜を、輝度軸へ直線的に延長して交わった輝度とする。傾斜が明瞭でない場合は、圧密部のピークの輝度側のデータの、ピーク頻度の80%の頻度となる輝度と、ピーク頻度の50%の頻度となる輝度の、両者の間の輝度及び頻度のデータより最小二乗法で直線を求め、輝度軸との交点を求め、四捨五入して閾値とすればよい(図11および図15参照)。図11は、図10に示すヒストグラムの拡大図から、圧密部と非圧密部の輝度閾値を求める方法を説明するための模式図である。図15は、図14に示すヒストグラムの拡大図から、圧密部と非圧密部の輝度閾値を求める方法を説明するための模式図である。
他の例として、図16に、図14に示すヒストグラムの拡大図から求めた圧密部と非圧密部の輝度閾値で、図13のSEM写真を二値化したSEM写真を示す。図13において、非圧密領域(白色領域)の面積率を計算すると、5.6%となる。
SEM写真は、日本電子株式会社製JSM-6500Fにより、5kVの加速電圧で得た。サンプルは白金(Pt)を5nm狙いで蒸着し、導電性を確保した。
原子間力顕微鏡(AFM)によるRaの測定は、原子間力顕微鏡(ブルカーAXS社製ナノスコープ5)を用いた。カンチレバーは同社製のMPP11100を用い、プローブの先端部の曲率半径は8nmとした。
原子間力顕微鏡の測定モードをタッピングモードとし、容器用鋼箔(水和酸化クロム層の表面)が本来有しているRaが反映された測定データを得るために、容器用鋼箔上において、製造した鋼箔の疵のないように見える領域から、一辺が1μmの正方形の領域を幅方向に対して中央部と両端部の3か所から、長手方向の位置をかえながら合計9点を選択し、当該領域に対して測定を行った。ただし、算術表面粗さRa10nm以上の非圧密面としてはSEM写真上で白く見える(輝度の高い)領域の中央を選択し、算術表面粗さRa10nm未満の圧密面としてはSEM写真上で黒く見える(輝度の低い)領域の中央を選択した。領域測定は5回繰り返した。すなわち、容器用鋼箔上の任意の圧密面あるいは非圧密面のそれぞれ5領域について測定を行った。
なお、原子間力顕微鏡に付属のソフトウェアを用いて、得られた5領域の測定データに対してフラテン(flatten)処理を行い、各領域での算術平均粗さRaを算出した。得られた各領域でのRaの平均値を、容器用鋼箔の圧密面、又は非圧密面の算術平均粗さRaとした。
水和酸化クロム層の上に、厚さ30μmのポリプロピレンフィルムをラミネートした。
ポリプロピレンフィルムをラミネートした容器用鋼箔の幅方向に対して中央部と両端部の3か所から、長手方向の位置をかえながら、5mm×40mmの切り出した試験片を合計9点作製し、蓋を用いて密閉できるポリプロピレン製の瓶の中で電解液に完全に浸漬し、80℃で7日間保持した。JIS K 6854-2に準拠した180°ピール試験を、電解液浸漬をしていない試験片とした試験片の両方に実施し、ポリプロピレンフィルムの密着強度を測定した。浸漬した試験片の密着強度を浸漬していない試験片の密着強度で割って百分率にしたものを低下率として評価した。低下率が低いほど耐電解液性が高いことを示す。
鋼箔1~12及び鋼箔C101~107の鋼箔に形成された水和酸化クロム層上に、厚さ30μmのポリプロピレンフィルムをラミネートしてラミネート鋼箔とした。そして、ラミネート鋼箔に対して、蓄電デバイス容器としてよく使用される形状である角筒形状に絞り加工を実施した。ラミネート鋼箔を角筒形状に絞るプレス加工は以下の条件にて実施した。
そして、縦200mm×横200mmのラミネート鋼箔を、ポリプロピレンフィルムをラミネートした面をポンチ側にして、深さ5mmまでプレス加工した。この加工部材から
コーナー部を含むように幅5mm、長さ40mm程度のサイズの試験片を幅方向に対して中央部と両端部の3か所から、長手方向の位置をかえながら、合計9点切出した。
次いで、蓋を用いて密閉できるポリプロピレン製の瓶の中で試験片を電解液に完全に浸漬し、80℃で7日間保持した。試験片を目視して、ポリプロピレンフィルムの浮きの有無を確認し、浮きがないものは加工部の耐電解液性が優れるとしてA、若干浮きがあるものはBとし、浮きがあるものは劣るとしてCとした。電解液は、加工前の耐電解液性の試験と同じものを用いた。
このように鋼箔C105は、表面粗さの点では良好である。しかしながら図8に示すように、鋼箔C105では表面から深さ10nmまでのFe濃度が10%を超えている。これは、圧延時に大きな圧延荷重が加わったため、下地のFeが全体的に露出したためと考えられる。これにより鋼箔C105では、耐電解液性が低下したと考えられる。
Claims (6)
- 鋼箔と、前記鋼箔上に積層された金属クロム層と、前記金属クロム層上に積層された水和酸化クロム層とが備えられ、
前記水和酸化クロム層の表面から10nmまでの深さにおけるFe濃度が10質量%未満であり、
前記水和酸化クロム層の表面において、1μm視野内の算術平均粗さRaが10nm以上になる部位の占める面積率が20%未満であり、
前記水和酸化クロム層の表面において、1μm視野内の算術平均粗さRaが10nm未満になる部位の1μm視野内の算術平均粗さRaが3nm以下である蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔。 - 微細に割れた前記金属クロム層の間隙に水和酸化クロムが充填された状態で、前記金属クロム層上に前記水和酸化クロム層が積層されている、請求項1に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔。
- 前記鋼箔、前記金属クロム層及び前記水和酸化クロム層の合計厚みが100μm以下である、請求項1または2に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔。
- 前記水和酸化クロム層の表面に付着されたポリオレフィン系樹脂層を有する、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔。
- 請求項4に記載の蓄電デバイス容器用鋼箔からなる蓄電デバイス用容器。
- 請求項5に記載の蓄電デバイス用容器を備えた蓄電デバイス。
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TWI594482B (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
CN107534099A (zh) | 2018-01-02 |
US20180138468A1 (en) | 2018-05-17 |
US10741802B2 (en) | 2020-08-11 |
JPWO2016163483A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
CN107534099B (zh) | 2020-11-24 |
JP6127221B2 (ja) | 2017-05-10 |
TW201711246A (zh) | 2017-03-16 |
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