WO2016163375A1 - 通信システム - Google Patents
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- WO2016163375A1 WO2016163375A1 PCT/JP2016/061190 JP2016061190W WO2016163375A1 WO 2016163375 A1 WO2016163375 A1 WO 2016163375A1 JP 2016061190 W JP2016061190 W JP 2016061190W WO 2016163375 A1 WO2016163375 A1 WO 2016163375A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B17/00—Monitoring; Testing
- H04B17/10—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters
- H04B17/11—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration
- H04B17/12—Monitoring; Testing of transmitters for calibration of transmit antennas, e.g. of the amplitude or phase
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2605—Array of radiating elements provided with a feedback control over the element weights, e.g. adaptive arrays
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/267—Phased-array testing or checking devices
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
- H04B7/0621—Feedback content
- H04B7/0634—Antenna weights or vector/matrix coefficients
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/10—Polarisation diversity; Directional diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/0001—Arrangements for dividing the transmission path
- H04L5/0014—Three-dimensional division
- H04L5/0023—Time-frequency-space
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
- H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
- H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
- H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W16/00—Network planning, e.g. coverage or traffic planning tools; Network deployment, e.g. resource partitioning or cells structures
- H04W16/24—Cell structures
- H04W16/28—Cell structures using beam steering
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
- H04W72/20—Control channels or signalling for resource management
- H04W72/23—Control channels or signalling for resource management in the downlink direction of a wireless link, i.e. towards a terminal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a communication system that performs wireless communication between a communication terminal device such as a mobile terminal device and a base station device.
- LTE Long Term Evolution
- SAE System Architecture Evolution
- OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
- SC-FDMA Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access
- W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
- Non-Patent Document 1 (Chapter 5), 3GPP determination items related to the frame configuration in the LTE system will be described with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a radio frame used in an LTE communication system.
- one radio frame (Radio frame) is 10 ms.
- the radio frame is divided into ten equally sized subframes.
- the subframe is divided into two equally sized slots.
- a downlink synchronization signal (Downlink Synchronization Signal) is included in the first and sixth subframes for each radio frame.
- the synchronization signal includes a first synchronization signal (Primary Synchronization Signal: P-SS) and a second synchronization signal (Secondary Synchronization Signal: S-SS).
- Non-Patent Document 1 (Chapter 5) describes the decision items regarding the channel configuration in the LTE system in 3GPP. It is assumed that the same channel configuration as that of the non-CSG cell is used in a CSG (Closed Subscriber Group) cell.
- a physical broadcast channel (Physical Broadcast Channel: PBCH) is a communication terminal device such as a base station device (hereinafter simply referred to as “base station”) to a mobile terminal device (hereinafter also simply referred to as “mobile terminal”). It is a channel for downlink transmission to (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as “communication terminal”).
- a BCH transport block (transport block) is mapped to four subframes in a 40 ms interval. There is no obvious signaling of 40ms timing.
- the physical control format indicator channel (Physical Control Format Indicator Channel: PCFICH) is a channel for downlink transmission from the base station to the communication terminal.
- the PCFICH notifies the communication terminal of the number of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) symbols used for PDCCHs.
- PCFICH is transmitted for each subframe.
- the physical downlink control channel (Physical Downlink Control Channel: PDCCH) is a channel for downlink transmission from the base station to the communication terminal.
- the PDCCH includes resource allocation (allocation) information of a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH), which is one of transport channels described later, and a paging channel (Paging channel: PCH, one of transport channels described later). ) Resource allocation (allocation) information and HARQ (Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest) information related to DL-SCH.
- the PDCCH carries an uplink scheduling grant (Uplink Scheduling Grant).
- the PDCCH carries Ack (Acknowledgement) / Nack (Negative Acknowledgment) which is a response signal for uplink transmission.
- the PDCCH is also called an L1 / L2 control signal.
- a physical downlink shared channel is a channel for downlink transmission from a base station to a communication terminal.
- a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) that is a transport channel and PCH that is a transport channel are mapped.
- the physical multicast channel (Physical Multicast Channel: PMCH) is a channel for downlink transmission from the base station to the communication terminal.
- a multicast channel (Multicast Channel: MCH) that is a transport channel is mapped to the PMCH.
- a physical uplink control channel (Physical Uplink Control Channel: PUCCH) is a channel for uplink transmission from a communication terminal to a base station.
- the PUCCH carries Ack / Nack which is a response signal (response signal) for downlink transmission.
- the PUCCH carries a CQI (Channel Quality Indicator) report.
- CQI is quality information indicating the quality of received data or channel quality.
- the PUCCH carries a scheduling request (SR).
- SR scheduling request
- the physical uplink shared channel (Physical Uplink Shared Channel: PUSCH) is a channel for uplink transmission from the communication terminal to the base station.
- An uplink shared channel (Uplink Shared Channel: UL-SCH), which is one of the transport channels, is mapped to the PUSCH.
- a physical HARQ indicator channel (Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel: PHICH) is a channel for downlink transmission from the base station to the communication terminal. PHICH carries Ack / Nack which is a response signal for uplink transmission.
- a physical random access channel (Physical Random Access Channel: PRACH) is a channel for uplink transmission from a communication terminal to a base station. The PRACH carries a random access preamble.
- the downlink reference signal (Reference Signal: RS) is a symbol known as an LTE communication system.
- the following five types of downlink reference signals are defined.
- Cell specific reference signal Cell-specific Reference Signal: CRS
- MBSFN reference signal MBSFN Reference Signal
- UE specific reference signal UE-specific Reference Signal: Signal demodulation reference signal (Demodulation Reference Signal: DM-RS)
- Position determination reference signal Position determination reference signal
- PRS Position determination reference signal
- CSI-RS Channel State Information Reference Signal
- RSRP reference signal received power
- Non-Patent Document 1 (Chapter 5) will be described.
- a broadcast channel (Broadcast Channel: BCH) is broadcast to the entire coverage of the base station (cell).
- the BCH is mapped to the physical broadcast channel (PBCH).
- PBCH physical broadcast channel
- HARQ Hybrid ARQ
- DL-SCH downlink shared channel
- the DL-SCH can be broadcast to the entire coverage of the base station (cell).
- DL-SCH supports dynamic or semi-static resource allocation. Quasi-static resource allocation is also referred to as persistent scheduling.
- the DL-SCH supports discontinuous reception (DRX) of the communication terminal in order to reduce the power consumption of the communication terminal.
- the DL-SCH is mapped to the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH).
- the paging channel supports DRX of the communication terminal in order to enable low power consumption of the communication terminal.
- the PCH is required to be broadcast to the entire coverage of the base station (cell).
- the PCH is mapped to a physical resource such as a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) that can be dynamically used for traffic.
- PDSCH physical downlink shared channel
- a multicast channel (Multicast Channel: MCH) is used for broadcasting to the entire coverage of a base station (cell).
- the MCH supports SFN combining of MBMS (Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service) services (MTCH and MCCH) in multi-cell transmission.
- MTCH and MCCH Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
- the MCH supports quasi-static resource allocation.
- MCH is mapped to PMCH.
- HARQ Hybrid ARQ
- PUSCH physical uplink shared channel
- Random Access Channel is limited to control information. RACH is at risk of collision.
- the RACH is mapped to a physical random access channel (PRACH).
- PRACH physical random access channel
- HARQ is a technique for improving the communication quality of a transmission path by a combination of an automatic repeat request (Automatic Repeat reQuest: ARQ) and error correction (Forward Error Correction).
- ARQ Automatic Repeat reQuest
- error correction Forward Error Correction
- HARQ has an advantage that error correction functions effectively by retransmission even for a transmission path whose communication quality changes. In particular, further quality improvement can be obtained by combining the initial transmission reception result and the retransmission reception result upon retransmission.
- BCCH Broadcast Control Channel
- BCH Broadcast Control Channel
- DL-SCH downlink shared channel
- the paging control channel (Paging Control Channel: PCCH) is a downlink channel for transmitting changes in paging information (Paging Information) and system information (System Information).
- PCCH is used when the network does not know the cell location of the communication terminal.
- the PCCH that is a logical channel is mapped to a paging channel (PCH) that is a transport channel.
- PCH paging channel
- the common control channel (Common Control Channel: CCCH) is a channel for transmission control information between the communication terminal and the base station. CCCH is used when the communication terminal does not have an RRC connection with the network.
- CCCH is mapped to a downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) that is a transport channel.
- DL-SCH downlink shared channel
- UL-SCH uplink shared channel
- the multicast control channel (Multicast Control Channel: MCCH) is a downlink channel for one-to-many transmission. MCCH is used for transmission of MBMS control information for one or several MTCHs from a network to a communication terminal. MCCH is used only for communication terminals receiving MBMS.
- the MCCH is mapped to a multicast channel (MCH) that is a transport channel.
- the dedicated control channel (Dedicated Control Channel: DCCH) is a channel for transmitting individual control information between the communication terminal and the network on a one-to-one basis.
- the DCCH is used when the communication terminal is an RRC connection.
- the DCCH is mapped to the uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) in the uplink, and is mapped to the downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) in the downlink.
- the dedicated traffic channel (Dedicated Traffic Channel: DTCH) is a channel for one-to-one communication to individual communication terminals for transmitting user information.
- DTCH exists for both uplink and downlink.
- the DTCH is mapped to the uplink shared channel (UL-SCH) in the uplink, and is mapped to the downlink shared channel (DL-SCH) in the downlink.
- UL-SCH uplink shared channel
- DL-SCH downlink shared channel
- a multicast traffic channel is a downlink channel for transmitting traffic data from a network to a communication terminal.
- MTCH is a channel used only for communication terminals receiving MBMS.
- the MTCH is mapped to a multicast channel (MCH).
- CGI is a Cell Global Identifier.
- ECGI is an E-UTRAN cell global identifier (E-UTRAN Cell Global Identifier).
- LTE Long Term Evolution Advanced
- UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunication System
- a CSG (Closed Subscriber Group) cell is a cell in which an operator identifies an available subscriber (hereinafter, may be referred to as a “specific subscriber cell”).
- the identified subscribers are allowed to access one or more cells of the PLMN (Public Land Mobile Mobile Network).
- PLMN Public Land Mobile Mobile Network
- One or more cells to which the identified subscribers are allowed access are called “CSG cells (CSG cell (s))”.
- CSG cell (s) Public Land Mobile Mobile Network
- PLMN Public Land Mobile Mobile Network
- the CSG cell is a part of the PLMN that broadcasts a unique CSG identity (CSG identity: CSG ID; CSG-ID) and “TRUE” via CSG indication (CSG indication).
- CSG identity CSG ID; CSG-ID
- CSG indication CSG indication
- the CSG-ID is broadcast by the CSG cell or cell. There are a plurality of CSG-IDs in an LTE communication system. The CSG-ID is then used by the communication terminal (UE) to facilitate access of CSG related members.
- UE communication terminal
- the location tracking of communication terminals is performed in units of one or more cells.
- the position tracking is performed to track the position of the communication terminal and call the communication terminal even in the standby state, in other words, to enable the communication terminal to receive a call.
- This area for tracking the location of the communication terminal is called a tracking area.
- Non-Patent Document 2 discloses three different modes of access to HeNB and HNB. Specifically, an open access mode (Open access mode), a closed access mode (Closed access mode), and a hybrid access mode (Hybrid access mode) are disclosed.
- Open access mode Open access mode
- closed access mode closed access mode
- Hybrid access mode Hybrid access mode
- Each mode has the following characteristics.
- the HeNB and HNB are operated as normal cells of a normal operator.
- the closed access mode the HeNB and HNB are operated as CSG cells.
- This CSG cell is a CSG cell accessible only to CSG members.
- the hybrid access mode the HeNB and HNB are operated as CSG cells in which non-CSG members are also allowed to access at the same time.
- a hybrid access mode cell (also referred to as a hybrid cell) is a cell that supports both an open access mode and a closed access mode.
- PCI range reserved by the network for use in the CSG cell among all physical cell identities (PCI) (see non-patent document 1, chapter 10.5.1.1). Dividing the PCI range may be referred to as PCI split.
- Information on the PCI split (also referred to as PCI split information) is notified from the base station to the communication terminals being served by the system information. Being served by a base station means that the base station is a serving cell.
- Non-Patent Document 3 discloses a basic operation of a communication terminal using PCI split.
- a communication terminal that does not have PCI split information needs to perform cell search using all PCIs, for example, using all 504 codes.
- a communication terminal having PCI split information can perform a cell search using the PCI split information.
- LTE-A Long Term Evolution Advanced
- Release 10 the Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A) standard is being developed as Release 10 (see Non-Patent Document 4 and Non-Patent Document 5).
- LTE-A is based on the LTE wireless communication system, and is configured by adding several new technologies.
- CC component carriers
- transmission bandwidths up to 100 MHz
- CA Carrier aggregation
- the UE When CA is configured, the UE has a network (NW) and only one RRC connection (RRC connection). In the RRC connection, one serving cell provides NAS mobility information and security input. This cell is referred to as a primary cell (PCell).
- a carrier corresponding to PCell is a downlink primary component carrier (Downlink Primary Component Carrier: DL PCC).
- the carrier corresponding to the PCell in the uplink is an uplink primary component carrier (Uplink Primary Component Carrier: UL PCC).
- a secondary cell (Secondary Cell: SCell) is configured to form a set of a PCell and a serving cell.
- the carrier corresponding to the SCell in the downlink is a downlink secondary component carrier (Downlink Secondary Component Carrier: DL SCC).
- the carrier corresponding to the SCell in the uplink is an uplink secondary component carrier (Uplink Secondary Component Carrier: UL SCC).
- a set of serving cells composed of one PCell and one or more SCells is configured for one UE.
- Non-Patent Document 6 describes CoMP being studied for LTE-A in 3GPP.
- the amount of mobile network traffic is increasing and the communication speed is increasing.
- LTE and LTE-A start full-scale operation, it is expected that the communication speed will be further increased and the traffic volume will increase.
- 3GPP is working on the formulation of the 12th release standard.
- use of a small eNB is considered in order to cope with a huge amount of traffic in the future.
- a technology for increasing frequency utilization efficiency and increasing communication capacity by installing a large number of small eNBs and configuring a large number of small cells has been studied.
- 5G fifth-generation wireless access system aimed at starting service after 2020 for mobile communication that is becoming more sophisticated is being studied.
- 5G requirements are compiled by an organization called METIS (see Non-Patent Document 9).
- the system capacity is 1000 times
- the data transmission speed is 100 times
- the data processing delay is 1/10 (1/10)
- the number of simultaneous connections of communication terminals is 100 times that of the LTE system. Realizing further reduction in power consumption and cost reduction of the apparatus is mentioned as a requirement.
- a multi-element antenna that enables spatial multiplexing to increase the data transmission capacity by using the frequency in a wide band and to increase the data transmission speed by increasing the frequency utilization efficiency Technologies such as MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Output) and beam forming using the above are being studied.
- MIMO Multiple Input Multiple ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ Output
- beam forming using the above are being studied.
- the phase and output of each antenna element constituting the multi-element antenna are set and adjusted, so the phase and output setting accuracy of each antenna element affects performance. . Therefore, in order to improve the setting accuracy of the phase and output of each antenna element, calibration of the multi-element antenna is performed.
- an element electric field vector rotation method (see Non-Patent Document 10) and a relative calibration (see Non-Patent Document 11) are being studied. Further, as a calibration execution method, a self-calibration method (see Non-Patent Document 12), an OTA (over-the-air) method (see Non-Patent Document 13), and the like have been studied.
- REV method element electric field vector rotation method
- OTA over-the-air
- the first point is as follows. If the phase difference and amplitude difference between the antenna elements are not matched, (a) the beam directivity cannot be controlled in the desired direction, (b) equivalent isotropic radiated power (abbreviation: EIRP) There are problems such as a decrease in gain expressed by the above, (c) an increase in sidelobe power, and an increase in interference with other users. In particular, accuracy is required in the case of MIMO transmission that controls a null point.
- the second point is as follows.
- the phase difference and amplitude difference between the antenna elements need to eliminate variations in temperature change and aging change.
- it becomes wideband communication and the frequency bandwidth increases there is a problem that the amount of change in temperature change and aging change is greatly affected by amplifiers and filters.
- the amplifier and the filter are not installed in a room where temperature management is performed indoors and are connected to the antenna by extending to the outdoors with a cable, but instead of an active phased array antenna (Active Phased Array Antenna: APAA) ), It is considered that the amplifier is installed outdoors. In this case, the temperature change becomes large, and calibration during operation is also important.
- Active Phased Array Antenna Active Phased Array Antenna: APAA
- the communication system of the present invention is a communication system including a base station apparatus and a communication terminal apparatus that transmit and receive signals using a multi-element antenna including a plurality of antenna elements, the base station apparatus and the communication
- At least one of the terminal devices includes a calibration unit that calibrates the phase and amplitude of the beam formed by the antenna element when the signal is transmitted and received, and the calibration unit includes the plurality of antenna elements.
- a correction value of the phase and amplitude of the beam in each antenna element is obtained so that the phase and amplitude of the beam are the same, and the calibration is performed based on the obtained correction value.
- the communication system includes the base station device and the communication terminal device.
- the base station apparatus and the communication terminal apparatus transmit and receive signals using a multi-element antenna composed of a plurality of antenna elements.
- At least one of the base station device and the communication terminal device includes a calibration unit.
- the calibration unit calibrates the phase and amplitude of the beam formed by the antenna element when transmitting and receiving signals.
- the calibration unit obtains correction values of the beam phase and amplitude at each antenna element so that the beam phases and amplitudes are the same among the plurality of antenna elements, and performs calibration based on the obtained correction values. .
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing a configuration of a radio frame used in an LTE communication system.
- 1 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of an LTE communication system 200 discussed in 3GPP.
- FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the mobile terminal 202 shown in FIG. 2 which is a communication terminal which concerns on this invention.
- It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the base station 203 shown in FIG. 2 which is a base station which concerns on this invention.
- 3 is a flowchart illustrating an outline from a cell search to a standby operation performed by a communication terminal (UE) in an LTE communication system.
- UE communication terminal
- 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a PHY processing unit 901, a control unit 9411, and n antenna elements 909, 922,.
- 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a PHY processing unit 901, a control unit 9411, and n antenna elements 909, 922,.
- 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a PHY processing unit 901, a control unit 9411, and n antenna elements 909, 922,.
- 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a PHY processing unit 901, a control unit 9411, and n antenna elements 909, 922,.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of a PHY processing unit 901, a control unit 9411, and n antenna elements 909, 922,. It is a block diagram which shows the other example of a structure of PHY process part 901A, the control part 9412, and n antenna element 909,922, ..., 935. It is a block diagram which shows the other example of a structure of PHY process part 901A, the control part 9412, and n antenna element 909,922, ..., 935. It is a block diagram which shows the other example of a structure of PHY process part 901A, the control part 9412, and n antenna element 909,922, ..., 935.
- 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure related to calibration processing in the communication system according to the fourth embodiment.
- 15 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure related to calibration processing in the communication system according to the first modification of the fourth embodiment.
- 16 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure related to calibration processing in the communication system according to the second modification of the fourth embodiment.
- 22 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure related to a calibration process in a communication system according to a third modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sequence related to calibration in the communication system according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram showing another example of a sequence related to calibration in the communication system according to the fifth embodiment. It is a figure which shows an example of a structure of a sub-frame at the time of mapping cal-RS to a physical downlink shared channel area
- FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating an example of a subframe configuration when cal-RS of each antenna group is mapped to a physical downlink shared channel region in the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 44 is a diagram illustrating an example of a subframe configuration when cal-RS is mapped to a part on the frequency axis of the physical downlink shared channel region in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating another example of a subframe configuration when cal-RS is mapped to a portion of the physical downlink shared channel region on the frequency axis in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 90 is a diagram illustrating an example of a subframe configuration when cal-RS of each antenna group is mapped to a part on the frequency axis of the physical downlink shared channel region in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of an LTE communication system 200 discussed in 3GPP.
- the radio access network is referred to as E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) 201.
- a mobile terminal device hereinafter referred to as “user equipment (UE)”
- UE user equipment
- base station E-UTRAN NodeB: eNB
- signals are transmitted and received by wireless communication.
- the “communication terminal device” includes not only a mobile terminal device such as a movable mobile phone terminal device but also a non-moving device such as a sensor.
- the “communication terminal device” may be simply referred to as “communication terminal”.
- Control protocols for the mobile terminal 202 such as RRC (Radio Resource Control) and user planes such as PDCP (Packet Data Convergence Protocol), RLC (Radio Link Control), MAC (Medium Access Control), PHY (Physical Layer)
- RRC Radio Resource Control
- PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
- RLC Radio Link Control
- MAC Medium Access Control
- PHY Physical Layer
- a control protocol RRC (Radio Resource Control) between the mobile terminal 202 and the base station 203 performs broadcast, paging, RRC connection management (RRC connection management), and the like. As states of the base station 203 and the mobile terminal 202 in RRC, there are RRC_IDLE and RRC_CONNECTED.
- RRC_IDLE PLMN (Public Land Mobile Mobile Network) selection, system information (System Information: SI) notification, paging, cell re-selection, mobility, and the like are performed.
- RRC_CONNECTED the mobile terminal has an RRC connection and can send and receive data to and from the network.
- handover Handover: HO
- measurement of neighbor cells neighborhbour cells
- the base station 203 is classified into an eNB 207 and a Home-eNB 206.
- the communication system 200 includes an eNB group 203-1 including a plurality of eNBs 207 and a Home-eNB group 203-2 including a plurality of Home-eNBs 206.
- a system composed of EPC (Evolved Packet Core) as a core network and E-UTRAN 201 as a radio access network is referred to as EPS (Evolved Packet System).
- EPS Evolved Packet System
- the EPC that is the core network and the E-UTRAN 201 that is the radio access network may be collectively referred to as “network”.
- the eNB 207 includes a mobility management entity (Mobility Management Entity: MME), an S-GW (Serving Management Gateway), or an MME / S-GW unit including the MME and S-GW (hereinafter, also referred to as “MME unit”) 204.
- MME mobility management entity
- S-GW Serving Management Gateway
- MME / S-GW unit including the MME and S-GW
- the control information is communicated between the eNB 207 and the MME unit 204 through the S1 interface.
- a plurality of MME units 204 may be connected to one eNB 207.
- the eNBs 207 are connected by the X2 interface, and control information is communicated between the eNBs 207.
- the Home-eNB 206 is connected to the MME unit 204 via the S1 interface, and control information is communicated between the Home-eNB 206 and the MME unit 204.
- a plurality of Home-eNBs 206 are connected to one MME unit 204.
- the Home-eNB 206 is connected to the MME unit 204 via a HeNBGW (Home-eNB GateWay) 205.
- the Home-eNB 206 and the HeNBGW 205 are connected via the S1 interface, and the HeNBGW 205 and the MME unit 204 are connected via the S1 interface.
- One or more Home-eNBs 206 are connected to one HeNBGW 205, and information is communicated through the S1 interface.
- the HeNBGW 205 is connected to one or a plurality of MME units 204, and information is communicated through the S1 interface.
- the MME unit 204 and the HeNBGW 205 are higher-level devices, specifically higher-level nodes, and control the connection between the eNB 207 and Home-eNB 206, which are base stations, and the mobile terminal (UE) 202.
- the MME unit 204 constitutes an EPC that is a core network.
- the base station 203 and the HeNBGW 205 constitute an E-UTRAN 201.
- the X2 interface between Home-eNB 206 is supported. That is, the Home-eNB 206 is connected by the X2 interface, and control information is communicated between the Home-eNB 206. From the MME unit 204, the HeNBGW 205 appears as a Home-eNB 206. From the Home-eNB 206, the HeNBGW 205 appears as the MME unit 204.
- the interface between the Home-eNB 206 and the MME unit 204 is an S1 interface. The same.
- the base station 203 may configure one cell or a plurality of cells. Each cell has a predetermined range as a coverage that is a range in which communication with the mobile terminal 202 is possible, and performs wireless communication with the mobile terminal 202 within the coverage. When one base station 203 forms a plurality of cells, each cell is configured to be able to communicate with the mobile terminal 202.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the mobile terminal 202 shown in FIG. 2, which is a communication terminal according to the present invention.
- the transmission process of the mobile terminal 202 shown in FIG. 3 will be described.
- control data from the protocol processing unit 301 and user data from the application unit 302 are stored in the transmission data buffer unit 303.
- the data stored in the transmission data buffer unit 303 is transferred to the encoder unit 304 and subjected to encoding processing such as error correction.
- the data encoded by the encoder unit 304 is modulated by the modulation unit 305.
- the modulated data is converted into a baseband signal, and then output to the frequency conversion unit 306, where it is converted into a radio transmission frequency.
- a transmission signal is transmitted from the antenna 307 to the base station 203.
- the reception process of the mobile terminal 202 is executed as follows.
- a radio signal from the base station 203 is received by the antenna 307.
- the received signal is converted from a radio reception frequency to a baseband signal by the frequency converter 306, and demodulated by the demodulator 308.
- the demodulated data is transferred to the decoder unit 309 and subjected to decoding processing such as error correction.
- control data is passed to the protocol processing unit 301, and user data is passed to the application unit 302.
- a series of processing of the mobile terminal 202 is controlled by the control unit 310. Therefore, although not shown in FIG. 3, the control unit 310 is connected to the units 301 to 309.
- FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the base station 203 shown in FIG. 2, which is a base station according to the present invention.
- the transmission process of the base station 203 shown in FIG. 4 will be described.
- the EPC communication unit 401 transmits and receives data between the base station 203 and the EPC (such as the MME unit 204) and the HeNBGW 205.
- the other base station communication unit 402 transmits / receives data to / from other base stations.
- the EPC communication unit 401 and the other base station communication unit 402 exchange information with the protocol processing unit 403, respectively. Control data from the protocol processing unit 403 and user data and control data from the EPC communication unit 401 and the other base station communication unit 402 are stored in the transmission data buffer unit 404.
- the data stored in the transmission data buffer unit 404 is passed to the encoder unit 405 and subjected to encoding processing such as error correction. There may exist data directly output from the transmission data buffer unit 404 to the modulation unit 406 without performing the encoding process.
- the encoded data is subjected to modulation processing by the modulation unit 406.
- the modulated data is converted into a baseband signal and then output to the frequency conversion unit 407 where it is converted into a radio transmission frequency. Thereafter, a transmission signal is transmitted from the antenna 408 to one or a plurality of mobile terminals 202.
- the reception processing of the base station 203 is executed as follows. Radio signals from one or more mobile terminals 202 are received by an antenna 408. The received signal is converted from a radio reception frequency to a baseband signal by the frequency conversion unit 407, and demodulated by the demodulation unit 409. The demodulated data is transferred to the decoder unit 410 and subjected to decoding processing such as error correction. Of the decoded data, control data is passed to the protocol processing unit 403 or EPC communication unit 401 and other base station communication unit 402, and user data is passed to the EPC communication unit 401 and other base station communication unit 402. A series of processing of the base station 203 is controlled by the control unit 411. Therefore, although not shown in FIG. 4, the control unit 411 is connected to the units 401 to 410.
- FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the MME according to the present invention.
- FIG. 5 shows the configuration of the MME 204a included in the MME unit 204 shown in FIG.
- the PDN GW communication unit 501 transmits and receives data between the MME 204a and the PDN GW.
- the base station communication unit 502 performs data transmission / reception between the MME 204a and the base station 203 using the S1 interface.
- the data received from the PDN GW is user data
- the user data is passed from the PDN GW communication unit 501 to the base station communication unit 502 via the user plane communication unit 503 and to one or more base stations 203.
- Sent When the data received from the base station 203 is user data, the user data is passed from the base station communication unit 502 to the PDN GW communication unit 501 via the user plane communication unit 503 and transmitted to the PDN GW.
- control data is passed from the PDN GW communication unit 501 to the control plane control unit 505.
- control data is transferred from the base station communication unit 502 to the control plane control unit 505.
- the HeNBGW communication unit 504 is provided when the HeNBGW 205 exists, and performs data transmission / reception through an interface (IF) between the MME 204a and the HeNBGW 205 depending on the information type.
- the control data received from the HeNBGW communication unit 504 is passed from the HeNBGW communication unit 504 to the control plane control unit 505.
- the processing result in the control plane control unit 505 is transmitted to the PDN GW via the PDN GW communication unit 501.
- the result processed by the control plane control unit 505 is transmitted to one or more base stations 203 via the S1 interface via the base station communication unit 502, and to one or more HeNBGWs 205 via the HeNBGW communication unit 504. Sent.
- the control plane control unit 505 includes a NAS security unit 505-1, an SAE bearer control unit 505-2, an idle state mobility management unit 505-3, and the like, and performs overall processing for the control plane.
- the NAS security unit 505-1 performs security of a NAS (Non-Access Stratum) message.
- the SAE bearer control unit 505-2 performs management of SAE (System Architecture) Evolution bearers and the like.
- the idle state mobility management unit 505-3 performs mobility management in a standby state (idle state; also referred to as LTE-IDLE state or simply idle), generation and control of a paging signal in the standby state,
- the tracking area of one or a plurality of mobile terminals 202 is added, deleted, updated, searched, and tracking area list is managed.
- the MME 204a distributes the paging signal to one or a plurality of base stations 203. Further, the MME 204a performs mobility control (Mobility control) in a standby state (Idle State). The MME 204a manages a tracking area list when the mobile terminal is in a standby state and in an active state (Active State). The MME 204a starts a paging protocol by transmitting a paging message to a cell belonging to a tracking area (tracking area: TrackingTrackArea) where the UE is registered.
- the idle state mobility management unit 505-3 may perform CSG management, CSG-ID management, and white list management of the Home-eNB 206 connected to the MME 204a.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an outline from a cell search to a standby operation performed by a communication terminal (UE) in an LTE communication system.
- the communication terminal uses the first synchronization signal (P-SS) and the second synchronization signal (S-SS) transmitted from the neighboring base stations in step ST601, and performs slot timing, frame Synchronize timing.
- P-SS first synchronization signal
- S-SS second synchronization signal
- the P-SS and S-SS are collectively referred to as a synchronization signal (SS).
- SS synchronization signal
- a synchronization code corresponding to one-to-one is assigned to the PCI assigned to each cell.
- 504 patterns are under consideration. Synchronization is performed using the 504 PCIs, and the PCI of the synchronized cell is detected (specified).
- a cell-specific reference signal that is a reference signal (reference signal: RS) transmitted from the base station to each cell is detected for the synchronized cell.
- Measure the received power of RS Reference Signal Received Power: RSRP.
- RS Reference Signal Received Power
- RS Reference Signal
- a code corresponding to PCI one to one is used. By correlating with that code, it can be separated from other cells.
- deriving the RS code of the cell from the PCI specified in step ST1 it becomes possible to detect the RS and measure the received power of the RS.
- a cell having the best RS reception quality for example, a cell having the highest RS reception power, that is, the best cell is selected from one or more cells detected in step ST602.
- step ST604 the PBCH of the best cell is received and the BCCH that is broadcast information is obtained.
- MIB Master Information Block
- the MIB is obtained by receiving the PBCH and obtaining the BCCH.
- MIB information includes, for example, DL (downlink) system bandwidth (also referred to as transmission bandwidth configuration (dl-bandwidth)), the number of transmission antennas, SFN (system frame number), and the like.
- SIB1 includes information related to access to the cell, information related to cell selection, and scheduling information of other SIBs (SIBk; an integer of k ⁇ 2).
- SIB1 includes a tracking area code (TrackingTrackArea Code: TAC).
- the communication terminal compares the TAC of SIB1 received in step ST605 with the TAC portion of the tracking area identifier (Tracking Area Identity: TAI) in the tracking area list already held by the communication terminal.
- the tracking area list is also referred to as a TAI list (TAI list).
- TAI is identification information for identifying a tracking area, and is composed of MCC (Mobile Country Code), MNC (Mobile Network Code), and TAC (Tracking Area Code).
- MCC Mobile Country Code
- MNC Mobile Network Code
- TAC Track Area Code
- MCC Mobile Country Code
- MNC Mobile Network Code
- TAC Track Area Code
- step ST606 If, as a result of the comparison in step ST606, the TAC received in step ST605 is the same as the TAC included in the tracking area list, the communication terminal enters a standby operation in the cell. In comparison, if the TAC received in step ST605 is not included in the tracking area list, the communication terminal passes through the cell to a core network (Core Network, EPC) including MME and the like, and TAU (Tracking Area Update). Request tracking area change to do
- EPC Core Network, EPC
- MME Mobile Management Entity
- TAU Track Area Update
- a device that constitutes a core network performs tracking based on the identification number (UE-ID, etc.) of the communication terminal sent from the communication terminal together with the TAU request signal. Update the area list.
- the core network side device transmits the updated tracking area list to the communication terminal.
- the communication terminal rewrites (updates) the TAC list held by the communication terminal based on the received tracking area list. Thereafter, the communication terminal enters a standby operation in the cell.
- a cell configured by an eNB has a relatively wide range of coverage.
- a cell is configured to cover a certain area with a relatively wide range of coverage of a plurality of cells configured by a plurality of eNBs.
- the cell configured by the eNB has a coverage that is narrower than the coverage of the cell configured by the conventional eNB. Therefore, in the same way as in the past, in order to cover a certain area, a larger number of eNBs having a smaller cell size are required as compared with the conventional eNB.
- a cell having a relatively large coverage such as a cell configured by a conventional eNB
- a macro cell an eNB that configures the macro cell
- a cell having a relatively small coverage such as a small cell
- an eNB configuring the small cell is referred to as a “small eNB”.
- the macro eNB may be a “wide area base station” described in Non-Patent Document 7, for example.
- the small eNB may be, for example, a low power node, a local area node, a hot spot, or the like.
- the small eNB is a pico eNB that constitutes a pico cell, a femto eNB that constitutes a femto cell, a HeNB, an RRH (Remote Radio Unit), an RRU (Remote Radio Unit), an RRE (Remote Radio Equipment), or an RN (Relay Node). There may be.
- the small eNB may be a “local area base station (Local (Base Station)” or “Home base station (Home Base Station)” described in Non-Patent Document 7.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating a concept of a cell configuration when a macro eNB and a small eNB coexist.
- a macro cell configured by a macro eNB has a relatively wide range of coverage 701.
- a small cell configured by a small eNB has a coverage 702 having a smaller range than a coverage 701 of a macro eNB (macro cell).
- the coverage of a cell configured by a certain eNB may be included in the coverage of a cell configured by another eNB.
- the small cell coverage 702 configured by the small eNB is included in the macro cell coverage 701 configured by the macro eNB. May be.
- a plurality of, for example, two small cell coverages 702 may be included in one macro cell coverage 701.
- a mobile terminal (UE) 703 is included in, for example, a small cell coverage 702 and performs communication via the small cell.
- the macro cell coverage 701 configured by the macro eNB and the small cell coverage 702 configured by the small eNB overlap in a complicated manner. Cases arise.
- a plurality of small cell coverages 702 configured by a plurality of small eNBs are configured in one macro cell coverage 701 configured by one macro eNB. Sometimes it happens.
- phase difference and amplitude difference between the antenna elements must be free from variations in temperature change and secular change.
- temperature change and secular change since it becomes wideband communication and the frequency bandwidth increases, there is a problem that the amount of change in temperature change and aging change is greatly affected by amplifiers and filters.
- a method for accurately performing calibration for matching beam phase differences and amplitude differences between a plurality of antenna elements constituting a multi-element antenna is disclosed.
- FIG. 8 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the communication device in the communication system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the communication device may be a base station or a mobile terminal. That is, the communication system of the present embodiment is configured to include a base station and a mobile terminal, and at least one of the base station and the mobile terminal is realized by the communication apparatus illustrated in FIG.
- the communication apparatus includes a PHY (Physical layer) processing unit 801, a plurality of antenna elements 802 to 805, and a control unit 806.
- the plurality of antenna elements 802 to 805 are n (n is a natural number) antennas of the first antenna element 802, the second antenna element 803, the third antenna element 804,. Elements 802 to 805 are provided.
- the first antenna element 801 to the n-th antenna element 805 are connected to the PHY processing unit 801.
- the first to n-th antenna elements 801 to 805 constitute a multi-element antenna.
- the PHY processing unit 801 performs each process of transmission signal generation, mapping, reception signal extraction, and demapping in accordance with instructions given from the control unit 806.
- the control unit 806 performs timing control related to transmission / reception, time / frequency / code resource allocation control, transmission power control, and control of the phase and amplitude value to the antenna element.
- the PHY processing unit 801 corresponds to a calibration unit that calibrates the phase and amplitude of beams formed by the antenna elements 802 to 805 when transmitting and receiving signals.
- the PHY processing unit 801 obtains correction values of beam phases and amplitudes in the respective antenna elements 802 to 805 so that the beam phases and amplitudes are the same among the plurality of antenna elements 802 to 805, and the obtained correction values. Perform calibration based on
- the control unit 806 determines whether it is necessary to perform calibration. When determining that calibration is necessary, the control unit 806 determines the timing, frequency, and transmission power for executing calibration, and notifies the PHY processing unit 801 of the timing.
- the PHY processing unit 801 performs calibration as follows. In accordance with an instruction given from the control unit 806, the PHY processing unit 801 performs mapping of a calibration RS (hereinafter also referred to as “cal-RS”) and setting of a transmission power value, and uses a predetermined antenna element, A signal is transmitted at a predetermined timing.
- cal-RS calibration RS
- the PHY processing unit 801 receives the transmitted signal by a predetermined antenna element in accordance with an instruction given from the control unit 806.
- the PHY processing unit 801 performs demapping processing of the calibration RS on the received signal, calculates propagation characteristics from the value obtained by the demapping processing, and notifies the control unit 806 of the propagation characteristics.
- the control unit 806 analyzes the relative value between the antenna elements 802 to 805 or analyzes the difference from the ideal value of the propagation characteristic measured in advance in a anechoic chamber or the like before shipment, and the analysis value Alternatively, the phase and amplitude correction values of the antenna elements 802 to 805 are calculated from the difference values and notified to the PHY processing unit 801.
- the PHY processing unit 801 sets a correction value given from the control unit 806 so that an offset is added to subsequent signals.
- whether the calibration needs to be performed is determined by the control unit 806 by periodically executing each process in the control unit 806 and the PHY processing unit 801 periodically (periodically). It may be determined based on the difference between the phase and amplitude correction value results of the antenna elements 802 to 805 and the currently set value.
- the communication device When the communication device is a base station, the communication device may start calibration according to an instruction from a host maintenance management device. Thereby, for example, in the host maintenance management apparatus, it is possible to prevent a state in which calibration is performed simultaneously at a plurality of base stations that overlap in the cell coverage of the base station (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “calibration state”), The occurrence of service stop areas can be avoided.
- a base station that is a communication device receives a notification from a neighboring base station whether it is in a calibration state, and when the neighboring base station is not in a calibration state, the base station performs calibration. You may make it start. Conversely, the base station may notify the neighboring base stations whether or not the own station is in a calibration state for the neighboring base stations.
- a temperature sensor may be provided in the base station, and the base station may start calibration when the temperature change exceeds a predetermined value.
- a transmission power amplifier, a phase shifter, and a filter that separates and extracts a required frequency have temperature characteristics, and variations occur in the transmission power amplifier, the phase shifter, and the required frequency.
- the communication device may start calibration according to a request from the opposite device.
- the opposite device When the communication device is a base station and the opposite device is a base station or a repeater, the opposite device has a carrier-to-noise ratio (abbreviation: CNR) or signal at the appropriate directivity during normal operation. Know or learn the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (abbreviation: SNR). Therefore, for example, when the CNR or SNR becomes equal to or less than a predetermined value due to temperature change and secular change, the opposite apparatus may instruct the communication apparatus to start calibration.
- CNR carrier-to-noise ratio
- SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
- a mobile terminal for calibration when there is a mobile terminal at a specific position at any time or a mobile terminal that has moved to a specific position is used as a calibration mobile terminal, The communication device may be instructed to start calibration.
- the mobile terminal transmits quality information such as received power and SNR together with GPS (Global Positioning System) position information collected using the MDT (Minimum Drive Test) function or the like to the EPC (Evolved Packet Packet Core). Based on the received quality information, a difference from normal operation may be detected, and when there is a difference, an instruction to start calibration may be sent from the EPC to the base station.
- GPS Global Positioning System
- MDT Minimum Drive Test
- EPC Evolved Packet Packet Core
- the calibration execution timing may be set, for example, as a timing at which the data used for communication with the opposite device is not transmitted in the transmission system, and the phase and amplitude correction values of the transmission system are set.
- the correction value of the phase and amplitude of the reception system may be set as the timing at which data for communication with the opposite apparatus is not received.
- TDD Time Division Duplex
- the frequency for executing the calibration may be limited to a certain part, that is, subbanded. This enables normal communication (service) with uncalibrated resources. Also, when it is known that transmission power amplifiers, phase shifters, filters, etc. do not vary greatly with temperature, calibration is not required between calibrated subbands, and performance is guaranteed by interpolation. it can.
- the performance can be guaranteed by the calibration in the subband.
- control unit 806 when various distances are set between the antenna elements, some grouping is performed according to the distance, and a group of antenna elements that are relatively close to a group of relatively far antenna elements. If the transmission power is made larger than that, the SNR is improved, which is effective. At this time, some antenna elements may belong to a plurality of groups.
- control unit 806 it is also effective to prevent the control unit 806 from performing correction when the calibration value measured at the time of shipment, such as an anechoic chamber, and a value significantly different from the past correction value are recorded. For example, when a large track passes in front of the eyes, calibration can be normally performed by performing calibration next time without performing calibration for that time.
- the correction value exceeds the change allowable value, which is the maximum value allowed to be changed
- multipath detection and separation are performed.
- it is also effective to perform calibration with the value within the allowable value. For example, this is effective when a large signboard is installed nearby and a multipath occurs regularly.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 are block diagrams illustrating an example of the configuration of the PHY processing unit 901, the control unit 9411, and the n antenna elements 909, 922,. 9 and 10 are connected at the position of the boundary line BL1.
- the PHY processing unit 901 includes a plurality of encoder units, a plurality of modulation units, a plurality of switching units, a plurality of demodulation units, a plurality of decoder units, and a control unit 9411.
- the PHY processing unit 901 corresponds to a calibration unit.
- the plurality of encoder units are n (n is a natural number) encoder units of a first encoder unit 902, a second encoder unit 915,..., And an nth encoder unit 928.
- the plurality of modulation units are n (n is a natural number) modulation units of a first modulation unit 907, a second modulation unit 920,.
- the plurality of switching units are n (n is a natural number) switching units of a first switching unit 908, a second switching unit 921, ..., an n-th switching unit 934.
- the plurality of demodulation units are n (n is a natural number) demodulation units of a first demodulation unit 910, a second demodulation unit 923, ..., an n-th demodulation unit 936.
- the plurality of decoder units are n (n is a natural number) decoder units including a first decoder unit 911, a second decoder unit 924,.
- a plurality of antenna elements specifically a first antenna element 909, a second antenna element 922,... Corresponding to the plurality of encoder sections 902, 915, 928 and the plurality of decoder sections 911, 924, 937, respectively.
- -The n-th antenna element 935 (n is a natural number) antenna elements are provided.
- the first encoder unit 902 includes a first transmission data generation unit 903, a first calibration RS mapping unit 904, a first transmission power setting unit 905, and a first transmission correction processing unit 9061.
- the first decoder unit 911 includes a first reception correction processing unit 9121, a first calibration RS extraction unit 913, and a first response characteristic calculation unit 914.
- the second encoder unit 915 includes a second transmission data generation unit 916, a second calibration RS mapping unit 917, a second transmission power setting unit 918, and a second transmission correction processing unit 9191.
- the second decoder unit 924 includes a second reception correction processing unit 9251, a second calibration RS extraction unit 926, and a second response characteristic calculation unit 927.
- the n-th encoder unit 928 includes an n-th transmission data generation unit 929, an n-th calibration RS mapping unit 930, an n-th transmission power setting unit 931, and an n-th transmission correction processing unit 9321.
- the n-th decoder unit 937 includes an n-th reception correction processing unit 9381, an n-th calibration RS extraction unit 939, and an n-th response characteristic calculation unit 940.
- the first encoder unit 902, the first modulation unit 907, the first switching unit 908, and the first antenna element 909 constitute a first transmission system.
- the second encoder unit 915, the second modulation unit 920, the second switching unit 921 and the second antenna element 922 constitute a second transmission system.
- the n-th encoder unit 928, the n-th modulation unit 933, the n-th switching unit 934, and the n-th antenna element 935 constitute an n-th transmission system.
- the first antenna element 909, the first switching unit 908, the first demodulation unit 910, and the first decoder unit 911 constitute a first reception system.
- the second antenna element 922, the second switching unit 921, the second demodulation unit 923, and the second decoder unit 924 constitute a second reception system.
- the nth antenna element 935, the nth switching unit 934, the nth demodulation unit 936, and the nth decoder unit 937 constitute an nth reception system.
- FIG. 9 and 10 show an example of relative calibration in the TDD method.
- response characteristics in the second reception system to the nth reception system are calculated by transmission from the first transmission system and reception from the second reception system to the nth reception system.
- the PHY processing unit 901 When the control unit 9411 determines to execute calibration, the PHY processing unit 901 performs the following processing in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 9411.
- the first transmission data generation unit 903 generates transmission data and gives it to the first calibration RS mapping unit 904.
- the first calibration RS mapping unit 904 performs mapping (insertion) of cal-RS to be transmitted at the timing and frequency instructed from the control unit 9411 with respect to the transmission data given from the first transmission data generation unit 903. Do.
- the first calibration RS mapping unit 904 gives the transmission data obtained by mapping the cal-RS to the first transmission power setting unit 905.
- the first transmission power setting unit 905 includes a transmission antenna element (hereinafter also referred to as “transmission antenna”) and a reception antenna element as necessary in order to reach accuracy of a correction value determined in advance by calibration. A transmission power value corresponding to the distance to the terminal (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “reception antenna”) is set.
- the first transmission power setting unit 905 gives the set transmission power value to the first transmission correction processing unit 9061.
- the first transmission correction processing unit 9061 gives the signal to be transmitted to the first modulation unit 907 with the currently set phase and amplitude correction values.
- the first modulation unit 907 performs modulation such as OFDM on the signal given from the first transmission correction processing unit 9061.
- the first modulation unit 907 gives the modulated signal to the first switching unit 908.
- the first switching unit 908 switches transmission / reception of TDD.
- the first switching unit 908 gives the modulated signal given from the first modulation unit 907 to the first antenna element 909.
- the first antenna element 909 transmits the modulated signal given from the first modulation unit 907.
- the signal transmitted by the first antenna element 909 is received by the nth antenna element 935 from the second antenna element 922.
- the second switching unit 922 to the nth switching unit 934 are connected so that they can be received from the second reception system to the nth reception system.
- the signal received by the n-th antenna element 935 from the second antenna element 922 is demodulated to OFDM or the like by the second demodulator 923 to the n-th demodulator 936.
- the signal demodulated by the n-th demodulation unit 936 from the second demodulation unit 923 is provided to the n-th reception correction processing unit 9381 from the second reception correction processing unit 9251.
- the second reception correction processing unit 9251 to the n-th reception correction processing unit 9381 are provided from the second calibration RS extraction unit 926 to the n-th calibration RS extraction unit 939 with the phase and amplitude that are currently set. .
- the nth calibration RS extraction unit 939 extracts the cal-RS unit and supplies the cal-RS unit to the nth response characteristic calculation unit 940 from the second response characteristic calculation unit 927.
- the second response characteristic calculation unit 927 to the nth response characteristic calculation unit 940 calculate the propagation characteristic based on the variation of the known signal using the fact that the transmitted cal-RS is known.
- the second response characteristic calculation unit 927 to the nth response characteristic calculation unit 940 notify the control unit 9411 of the calculated propagation characteristics.
- the control unit 9411 calculates the correction value so that the phase and amplitude of the second antenna element 922 are the same with respect to the second antenna element 922, for example. At this time, the correction value is calculated in consideration of the distance from the second antenna element 922 to the n-th antenna element 935.
- control unit 9411 sets the calculated correction value from the second reception correction processing unit 9251 to the nth reception correction processing unit 9381, the control unit 9411 changes the phase and amplitude of the reception signal from the second antenna element 922 to the nth antenna element 935. Can be matched.
- the correction value for the first reception correction processing unit 9121 can also be calculated. And the phase and amplitude of the first receiving system can also be matched.
- the side lobe may be reduced by changing the average received power for each antenna element with a tapered antenna element.
- the amplitude value of the received signal can be set to a desired value by comparing it with a desired amplitude value when operating normally, such as before shipment.
- 11 and 12 are block diagrams showing an example of the configuration of the PHY processing unit 901, the control unit 9411, and the n antenna elements 909, 922, ..., 935. 11 and 12 are connected at the position of the boundary line BL2. 11 and 12 is the same as the configuration of FIGS. 9 and 10 described above, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same parts, and the common description is omitted.
- FIGS. 11 and 12 show an example in which, following the reception system calibration shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the transmission system is calibrated at the time of relative calibration in the TDD scheme using the same configuration.
- the PHY processing unit 901 When the control unit 9411 determines to execute calibration, the PHY processing unit 901 performs the following processing in accordance with an instruction from the control unit 9411.
- the first transmission data generation unit 903 generates transmission data and gives it to the first calibration RS mapping unit 904.
- the first calibration RS mapping unit 904 performs mapping (insertion) of cal-RS to be transmitted at the timing and frequency instructed from the control unit 9411 with respect to the transmission data given from the first transmission data generation unit 903. Do.
- the first calibration RS mapping unit 904 gives the transmission data obtained by mapping the cal-RS to the first transmission power setting unit 905.
- the first transmission power setting unit 905 sets a transmission power value corresponding to the distance between the transmission antenna and the reception antenna as necessary, in order to reach the accuracy of the correction value determined in advance by calibration.
- the first transmission power setting unit 905 gives the set transmission power value to the first transmission correction processing unit 9061.
- the first transmission correction processing unit 9061 gives the signal to be transmitted to the first modulation unit 907 with the currently set phase and amplitude correction values.
- the first modulation unit 907 performs modulation such as OFDM on the signal given from the first transmission correction processing unit 9061.
- the first modulation unit 907 gives the modulated signal to the first switching unit 908.
- the first switching unit 908 switches transmission / reception of TDD.
- the first switching unit 908 gives the modulated signal given from the first modulation unit 907 to the first antenna element 909.
- the first antenna element 909 transmits the modulated signal given from the first modulation unit 907.
- the above-described processing may be performed in the order of the second transmission system, the third transmission system,..., The n-th transmission system, or some processes may be performed simultaneously by a plurality of transmission systems. By performing a part of the processing simultaneously with a plurality of transmission systems, the time required for calibration can be shortened.
- the second transmission system the second transmission system + the third transmission system,..., The second transmission system + the third transmission system +.
- Transmission systems for performing the above may be added sequentially.
- the signal transmitted by the first antenna element 909 is received by the nth antenna element 935 from the second antenna element 922.
- the second switching unit 922 to the nth switching unit 934 are connected so that they can be received from the second reception system to the nth reception system.
- the signal received by the n-th antenna element 935 from the second antenna element 922 is demodulated to OFDM or the like by the second demodulator 923 to the n-th demodulator 936.
- the signal demodulated by the n-th demodulation unit 936 from the second demodulation unit 923 is provided to the n-th reception correction processing unit 9381 from the second reception correction processing unit 9251.
- the second reception correction processing unit 9251 to the n-th reception correction processing unit 9381 are provided from the second calibration RS extraction unit 926 to the n-th calibration RS extraction unit 939 with the phase and amplitude that are currently set. .
- the nth calibration RS extraction unit 939 extracts the cal-RS unit and supplies the cal-RS unit to the nth response characteristic calculation unit 940 from the second response characteristic calculation unit 927.
- the second response characteristic calculation unit 927 to the nth response characteristic calculation unit 940 calculate the propagation characteristic based on the variation of the known signal using the fact that the transmitted cal-RS is known.
- the second response characteristic calculation unit 927 to the nth response characteristic calculation unit 940 notify the control unit 9411 of the calculated propagation characteristics.
- the control unit 9411 uses the reception system including the first antenna element 909 as a reference, and the second to n-th transmission signals transmitted from the second antenna element 922 via the n-th antenna element 935 have the same phase.
- the correction value is calculated as follows. At this time, the correction value is calculated in consideration of the distance from the first antenna element 909 to the n-th antenna element 935 (phase rotation and amplitude attenuation by the distance).
- control unit 9411 When the control unit 9411 adds the calculated correction value to the current correction value and sets the correction value from the second transmission correction processing unit 9191 to the n-th transmission correction processing unit 9321, the control unit 9411 performs the second antenna element 922 to the n-th antenna element 935.
- the phase and amplitude of the transmitted signal can be matched.
- the phase and amplitude of the first transmission system can also be matched.
- the side lobe may be reduced by changing the average transmission power for each antenna element with a tapered antenna element.
- the amplitude value of the transmission signal can be set to a desired value by comparing with a known amplitude value that is already known.
- 13 and 14 are block diagrams showing another example of the configuration of the PHY processing unit 901A, the control unit 9412, and the n antenna elements 909, 922,. 13 and 14 are connected at the position of the boundary line BL3.
- the PHY processing unit 901A includes a plurality of encoder units, a plurality of modulation units, a plurality of switching units, a plurality of demodulation units, a plurality of decoder units, and a control unit 9412.
- the PHY processing unit 901A corresponds to a calibration unit.
- the plurality of encoder units are n (n is a natural number) encoder units including a first encoder unit 902A, a second encoder unit 915A,..., And an nth encoder unit 928A.
- the plurality of modulation units are n (n is a natural number) modulation units of a first modulation unit 907, a second modulation unit 920,.
- the plurality of switching units are n (n is a natural number) switching units of a first switching unit 908, a second switching unit 921, ..., an n-th switching unit 934.
- the plurality of demodulation units are n (n is a natural number) demodulation units of a first demodulation unit 910, a second demodulation unit 923, ..., an n-th demodulation unit 936.
- the plurality of decoder units are n (n is a natural number) decoder units including a first decoder unit 911A, a second decoder unit 924A,..., And an n-th decoder unit 937A.
- a plurality of antenna elements specifically a first antenna element 909, a second antenna element 922,... Corresponding to the plurality of encoder sections 902A, 915A, 928A and the plurality of decoder sections 911A, 924A, 937A, respectively.
- -The n-th antenna element 935 (n is a natural number) antenna elements are provided.
- the first encoder unit 902A includes a first transmission data generation unit 903, a first calibration RS mapping unit 904, a first transmission power setting unit 905, and a first transmission phase rotation unit 9062.
- the first decoder unit 911A includes a first reception phase rotation unit 9122, a first calibration RS extraction unit 913, and a first response characteristic calculation unit 914.
- the second encoder unit 915A includes a second transmission data generation unit 916, a second calibration RS mapping unit 917, a second transmission power setting unit 918, and a second transmission phase rotation unit 9192.
- the second decoder unit 924A includes a second reception phase rotation unit 9252, a second calibration RS extraction unit 926, and a second response characteristic calculation unit 927.
- the nth encoder unit 928A includes an nth transmission data generation unit 929, an nth calibration RS mapping unit 930, an nth transmission power setting unit 931, and an nth transmission phase rotation unit 9322.
- the n-th decoder unit 937A includes an n-th reception phase rotation unit 9382, an n-th calibration RS extraction unit 939, and an n-th response characteristic calculation unit 940.
- the first encoder unit 902A, the first modulation unit 907, the first switching unit 908, and the first antenna element 909 form a first transmission system.
- Second encoder section 915A, second modulation section 920, second switching section 921 and second antenna element 922 constitute a second transmission system.
- the n-th encoder unit 928A, the n-th modulation unit 933, the n-th switching unit 934, and the n-th antenna element 935 constitute an n-th transmission system.
- the first antenna element 909, the first switching unit 908, the first demodulation unit 910, and the first decoder unit 911A constitute a first reception system.
- the second antenna element 922, the second switching unit 921, the second demodulation unit 923, and the second decoder unit 924A constitute a second reception system.
- the nth antenna element 935, the nth switch 934, the nth demodulator 936, and the nth decoder 937A constitute an nth reception system.
- 13 and 14 include the same configuration as that of FIG. 9 and FIG. 10 described above, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same parts, and the common description is omitted. 13 and 14 show examples of the REV method in the TDD method.
- the phase is sequentially rotated by the second reception phase rotation unit 9252 to the nth reception phase rotation unit 9382 while the first transmission system transmits and receives from the second reception system to the nth reception system.
- the control unit 9412 obtains the phase at which the received power is maximized.
- FIG. 15 and 16 are block diagrams showing another example of the configuration of the PHY processing unit 901A, the control unit 9412, and the n antenna elements 909, 922, ..., 935.
- FIG. 15 and FIG. 16 are connected at the position of the boundary line BL4.
- 15 and FIG. 16 are the same as the configurations of FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 described above, and therefore, the same reference numerals are given to the same parts, and common descriptions are omitted.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 show an example in which the transmission system is calibrated during the REV method in the TDD system using the same configuration following the reception system calibration in FIGS. 13 and 14.
- FIGS. 15 and 16 show an example in which the phase is sequentially rotated by the second transmission phase rotation unit 9192 to the nth transmission phase rotation unit 9322, and the phase at which the transmission power is maximized is obtained by the control unit 9412.
- the mobile terminal can perform random access while avoiding the timing of calibration (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “calibration timing”). It is possible to avoid simultaneously performing calibration in the peripheral repeater and the peripheral cell. Or you may notify to a surrounding repeater and a surrounding cell with a wire communication. Or you may notify to a surrounding mobile terminal via a surrounding repeater and a surrounding cell with a wire communication.
- RRC_IDLE existing in the area by broadcast information that the calibration is not normally performed.
- RRC Radio Resource Control
- State 1 Calibration not executed.
- State 2 During calibration.
- State 3 Calibration failure.
- State 4 A state in which calibration is started after a certain time.
- State 5 Calibration is normally completed.
- RRC_IDLE mobile terminal existing in the area as broadcast information.
- RRC messages such as an RRC connection setup (RRC connection setup) message and an RRC connection reconfiguration (RRC connection reconfiguration) message.
- RRC connection setup an RRC connection setup
- RRC connection reconfiguration RRC connection reconfiguration
- RRC Radio Resource Control
- the PHY processing unit which is a calibration unit, causes the beam phase and amplitude at each antenna element to be the same between the plurality of antenna elements.
- the correction value is obtained, and calibration is performed based on the obtained correction value.
- calibration can be performed with high accuracy, so that the beam phase difference and amplitude difference between the plurality of antenna elements constituting the multi-element antenna can be matched. Therefore, a communication system capable of performing communication with a relatively high throughput can be realized.
- Embodiment 2 the method that can improve the throughput by combining the phase difference and the amplitude difference between the antenna elements of the multi-element antenna has been described.
- the second embodiment if the cal-RS mapping for each antenna element necessary for calibration varies in time, it takes much time to transmit the same number of cal-RSs. A method for solving the problem is disclosed.
- This is a method of arranging cal-RSs in the same subframe in an antenna element that transmits a calibration reference signal (cal-RS).
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of mapping in the transmission data of the first antenna element.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating an example of mapping in transmission data from the second antenna element to the n-th antenna element. 17 and 18, the horizontal axis represents time t, and the vertical axis represents frequency f. In FIG. 17 and FIG. 18, the resource block is denoted by reference numeral “1306”.
- the first antenna element transmits the cal-RS 1302 in a concentrated manner in the leading slot 1303 and subframe 1304, and transmits the normal OFDM symbol 1301 in the other cases.
- the transmission data in the same time zone is set to null 1307 as shown in FIG. That is, from the second antenna element to the n-th antenna element, the transmission data of the slot 1308 and the subframe 1309 in the time zone in which the cal-RS 1302 is transmitted by the first antenna element is set to the null 1307, and the normal OFDM symbol 1305 is otherwise set. Sending.
- the slot refers to a time corresponding to 7 OFDM symbols
- the subframe refers to a time corresponding to 14 OFDM symbols, but it may be a minimum slot allocated to a specific user unit.
- the cal-RS 1302 is arranged in a specific time zone, so that calibration is possible in this time zone, and the time required for calibration can be shortened.
- the first antenna element transmits the cal-RS 1302 using the second OFDM symbol and the third OFDM symbol, but using the fourth OFDM symbol and the fifth OFDM symbol in the same slot or the same subframe, It is also effective to transmit cal-RSs of other antenna elements.
- the cal-RS may be the same signal for all antenna elements.
- the SNR can be increased and the calibration accuracy can be improved. Also, since nothing is transmitted from other antenna elements, interference can be reduced and the accuracy of calibration can be improved.
- the method of transmitting cal-RS in a specific frequency region is effective when the SNR is sufficiently good.
- a plurality of antenna elements can be calibrated simultaneously, so that the time required for calibration can be shortened.
- the same signal as the first antenna element may be mapped from the second antenna element to the nth antenna element instead of null.
- FIG. 19 is a diagram illustrating an example of mapping in the transmission data of the first antenna element and received power for each frequency.
- FIG. 19A is a diagram illustrating an example of mapping in transmission data of the first antenna element
- FIG. 19B is a diagram illustrating an example of reception power for each frequency in transmission data of the first antenna element. is there.
- the first antenna element transmits the cal-RS 1402 concentrated on the first slot 1403 and the subframe 1404, and otherwise transmits the normal OFDM symbol 1401. is doing.
- the response characteristic for each frequency can be calculated. Therefore, fluctuations in amplitude and phase for each frequency can be detected. A variation in received power is calculated from the detected amplitude and phase. As shown in FIG. 19, when the variation of the received power P for each OFDM symbol 1401 is large, it can be determined that there is frequency selective multipath fading.
- a scatterer generated in the vicinity moves far away in a predetermined time, so it is effective to detect amplitude and phase fluctuations for each frequency again after a certain amount of time has passed.
- it may be set by calculating from a correction value and phase rotation in a nearby band. It is also effective to perform interpolation such as linear interpolation.
- the presence of a multipath when the presence of a multipath is detected, it is effective to separate the main wave and the delayed wave, such as calculating a delay profile, and perform calibration using only the main wave. As a result, the influence of multipath can be removed, and appropriate calibration can be performed.
- the PHY processing unit as the calibration unit arranges the cal-RS in the same subframe when transmitting the cal-RS from each of the plurality of antenna elements.
- calibration of all antenna elements can be performed in the same time zone, and thus the time required for calibration can be shortened.
- Embodiment 3 FIG. In the second embodiment, a method has been described in which the time required for calibration can be shortened by concentrating the cal-RS mapping for each antenna element necessary for calibration in terms of time. However, transmission may overlap with other CHs or other RSs, and there is a problem that such a regulation is not in the current standard and cannot be avoided. Embodiment 3 discloses a method for solving the above-mentioned problem by providing a new mapping method.
- FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating another example of mapping in the transmission data of the first antenna element.
- FIG. 21 is a diagram illustrating another example of mapping in transmission data from the second antenna element to the n-th antenna element.
- FIGS. 20 and 21 show examples of mapping of downlink transmission bits in which calibration slots, subframes, or resource blocks 1504 and 1508 are provided.
- the first antenna element has a special mapping in which a part of CRS 1503 is not transmitted in a subframe in which cal-RS 1502 is transmitted. In other cases, a normal OFDM symbol 1501 is transmitted.
- the second to n-th antenna elements have special mapping in which CRS 1507 is not partially transmitted in a subframe in which null 1506 is transmitted. In other cases, a normal OFDM symbol 1505 is transmitted.
- FIG. 22 is a diagram showing still another example of mapping in the transmission data of the first antenna element.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating still another example of mapping in transmission data of the second antenna element.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating still another example of mapping in the transmission data of the third antenna element.
- FIG. 25 is a diagram illustrating still another example of mapping in the transmission data of the fourth antenna element.
- resource blocks are denoted by reference numerals “1604”, “1608”, “1612”, “1616”, respectively, and normal OFDM symbols are denoted by reference numerals “1601”, “1605”, “ 1609 “and” 1613 ".
- positions where cal-RSs 1602, 1606, 1610, and 1614 can be arranged in advance may be defined and limited to timings that do not overlap with CRS 1603, 1607, 1611, and 1615.
- the cal-RS can be arranged only in the first to third OFDM symbols or the fourth and fifth OFDM symbols of each slot.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram illustrating still another example of mapping of transmission data in transmission data of the first antenna element.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating still another example of mapping in transmission data from the second antenna element to the n-th antenna element.
- resource blocks are denoted by reference numerals “1704” and “1708”, respectively, and normal OFDM symbols are denoted by reference numerals “1701” and “1705”, respectively.
- null is indicated by reference numeral “1706”.
- cal-RS 1702 may be mapped to a position that does not overlap with the mapping position of CRS 1703 and 1707. Thereby, collision can be avoided.
- the cal-RS when the cal-RS overlaps with another CH or another RS, the cal-RS may be preferentially arranged.
- the PHY processing unit as the calibration unit arranges the cal-RS at a position where no other reference signal and physical channel of the subframe are arranged. This prevents the timing at which cal-RS is transmitted from overlapping with the timing at which other reference signals and physical channels are transmitted, so that cal-RS collides with other reference signals and physical channels. You can avoid that.
- Embodiment 4 FIG. In the third embodiment, it has been disclosed that a calibration subframe is provided and a calibration RS (cal-RS) is transmitted in the subframe.
- the base station may not transmit another channel (abbreviation: CH) or another RS in the subframe.
- Calibration subframes that do not transmit other CHs or other RSs are designated as calibration-dedicated subframes.
- the base station transmits some physical CH or RS that is not used for calibration every subframe. Therefore, there is a problem that the calibration-dedicated subframe cannot be configured unless any measures are taken. In the present embodiment, a method for solving such a problem is disclosed.
- the base station sets a subframe without data to be transmitted as a calibration-specific subframe.
- a subframe without data to be scheduled may be set as a calibration-specific subframe.
- the base station sets one or a plurality of subframes among the subframes with no data to be transmitted or scheduled as a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- One or more subframes may be determined according to the need for a calibration-only subframe.
- the base station determines a radio link for setting a calibration-specific subframe. For example, when there is no data to be scheduled in a DL subframe, the DL subframe is set as a calibration-dedicated subframe. Alternatively, when there is no data to be scheduled in the UL subframe, the UL subframe may be set as a calibration-dedicated subframe. Alternatively, if there is no data to be scheduled in both the DL subframe and the UL subframe at the timing of the subframe, at least one of the DL and UL subframes may be set as a calibration-dedicated subframe. Good.
- the base station may determine a wireless link for calibration in advance. For example, DL is determined in advance. In this case, when there is no data to be scheduled in the DL subframe, the DL subframe is set as a calibration-dedicated subframe. Even if there is no data to be scheduled in the UL subframe, the UL subframe is not set as a calibration-dedicated subframe. Do not use UL to set the calibration-specific subframe.
- the radio link to be calibrated is set to DL, it is possible to eliminate the influence of UL interference from the UE.
- a base station that supports TDD sets a radio link to be calibrated to DL, so that a UE being served by a cell having an antenna to be calibrated and a UE being served by another cell or another base station It is possible to execute calibration without being affected by interference caused by uplink transmission transmitted from.
- uplink transmission there are SR, PRACH, etc. in LTE.
- the calibration accuracy can be further improved.
- a base station that supports FDD sets a radio link for calibration to DL and UL. If there is no data to be scheduled in both the DL subframe and the UL subframe at the timing of the subframe, both the DL subframe and the UL subframe are set as calibration-dedicated subframes. By doing so, it is possible to perform calibration of the transmission system and the reception system of the antenna elements within those subframes, and it is possible to shorten the time required for calibration.
- the base station detects a subframe with no data to be transmitted or scheduled and sets it as a calibration-specific subframe.
- Scheduler For example, it may be applied when the scheduler performs scheduling. It is easy to provide the scheduler with a function for detecting the presence or absence of data to be transmitted or scheduled.
- (2) MAC For example, it may be applied when the MAC schedules. It is easy to provide the MAC with a function for detecting the presence or absence of data to be transmitted or scheduled.
- PHY processing unit For example, it may be applied when detecting a subframe in which there is no data to transmit. It is easy to provide the PHY processing unit with a function for detecting the presence or absence of data to be transmitted.
- RRC Radio Resource Control
- it may be applied when the RRC is performing settings such as DRX.
- RRC recognizes a subframe in which data transmission or scheduling is not performed by DRX. Therefore, it is easy to provide the RRC with a function for detecting the presence or absence of data to be transmitted or scheduled.
- the following four (1) to (4) are disclosed as examples of subjects that set the detected subframe as a calibration-specific subframe.
- Scheduler For example, it may be applied when the presence or absence of data to be transmitted or scheduled by the scheduler, MAC, or RRC is detected.
- the scheduler, MAC, or RRC detects the absence of the data, the scheduler, MAC, or RRC notifies the scheduler that the data is not present.
- the scheduler sets a subframe detected using the information as a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- a MAC may be used instead of the scheduler described in (1) above.
- PHY processing unit For example, it may be applied when the presence or absence of data to be transmitted or scheduled is detected by a scheduler, MAC, PHY processing unit, or RRC.
- a scheduler When the scheduler, MAC, PHY processing unit, or RRC detects the absence of the data, it notifies the PHY processing unit that the data is not present.
- the PHY processing unit sets the subframe detected using the information as a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- RRC Radio Resource Control
- it may be applied when the presence or absence of data to be transmitted or scheduled by RRC is detected.
- the RRC detects that there is no data, the RRC sets the subframe detected using the information as a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- an entity that detects a subframe without data to be transmitted or scheduled and an entity that is set in a calibration-dedicated subframe may be appropriately combined. You may combine according to the structure and required performance of a base station.
- the base station determines which antenna element is to be calibrated.
- the base station determines which antenna element is the calibration transmission antenna element and which antenna element is the calibration reception antenna element.
- the base station maps the calibration RS (cal-RS) of the calibration transmission antenna element to the calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the cal-RSs of a plurality of antenna elements may be mapped to one calibration dedicated subframe.
- the PHY processing unit may map the cal-RS using the information of the calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the subject who has set the calibration dedicated subframe may notify the PHY processing unit of information related to the calibration dedicated subframe.
- the base station transmits the calibration transmission antenna cal-RS in a calibration-specific subframe.
- RS for calibration, it does not have to be dedicated to calibration. You may use for another use. Or you may use existing RS. Examples of the existing RS include CRS, CSI-RS, and SRS (Sounding Reference Signal). What RS is to be used is determined in advance, and the RS may be mapped to a calibration-dedicated subframe. In the existing RS, resources to be sequenced or mapped are already determined. Therefore, it is possible to avoid complication of the communication system without setting a new RS.
- the calibration-dedicated subframe may be used for other purposes.
- RSs used for other purposes may be mapped to calibration-dedicated subframes. The method disclosed in this embodiment can be applied.
- the base station that has transmitted cal-RS from the calibration transmitting antenna element in the calibration-dedicated subframe receives the calibration-dedicated subframe cal-RS in the calibration receiving antenna element.
- the base station derives the calibration value of the antenna element transmission system using the cal-RS reception result for each calibration transmission antenna element.
- the base station may calibrate the antenna element reception system.
- the base station that has transmitted cal-RS from the calibration transmitting antenna element in the calibration-dedicated subframe receives the calibration-dedicated subframe cal-RS in the calibration receiving antenna element.
- the base station derives a calibration value for the antenna element reception system using the reception result of the cal-RS for each calibration reception antenna element.
- FIG. 28 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure related to calibration processing in the communication system according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 28 shows self-calibration at the base station as an example.
- step ST4101 the base station determines to execute calibration.
- the determination index disclosed in the first embodiment may be used for this determination.
- step ST4102 the base station determines whether there is a subframe in which there is no data to be transmitted (hereinafter may be referred to as “non-transmission data subframe”). This determination is performed in units of one subframe, for example. It may be performed in units of a plurality of subframes. If it is determined that there is no non-transmission data subframe, the process proceeds to step ST4103. If it is determined that there is no non-transmission data subframe, the process waits until it is determined that there is no transmission data subframe.
- step ST4103 the base station sets the subframe detected in step ST4102 as a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the base station maps the calibration RS (cal-RS) of the calibration transmission antenna element to the calibration dedicated subframe. At this time, the base station may determine which antenna element is the calibration transmitting antenna element and which antenna element is the calibration receiving antenna element. More specifically, in step ST4104, the base station transmits the calibration transmission antenna cal-RS in a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- cal-RS calibration RS
- Step ST4105 the base station receives the calibration-subframe cal-RS with the calibration receiving antenna element.
- step ST4106 the base station derives a calibration value for the antenna element transmission system using the cal-RS reception result for each calibration transmission antenna element.
- step ST4107 the base station determines whether calibration of all antenna elements has been completed. If it is determined that calibration of all antenna elements has been completed, the mobile terminal makes a transition to step ST4108. If it is determined that calibration of all antenna elements has not been completed, the process returns to step ST4102, and the above-described processing is performed for the antenna elements that have not been calibrated. It may be executed until calibration of the transmission system and reception system of all antenna elements is completed.
- step ST4108 the operation returns to the normal operation.
- normal operation calibration is terminated and a normal communication service is provided to a mobile terminal being served thereby.
- step ST4108 is complete
- the base station can perform calibration of the antenna element. Therefore, it is possible to improve the performance of MIMO and beam forming using a multi-element antenna.
- the base station sets a subframe without data to be transmitted or scheduled as a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- a subframe in which data to be transmitted or scheduled is equal to or less than a predetermined amount of data may be used instead of a subframe having no data to be transmitted or scheduled.
- the predetermined amount of data may be determined in advance or may be set according to the operating environment and the operating state. For example, a predetermined data amount is set according to the ambient temperature. Alternatively, a predetermined data amount may be set depending on the load on the base station. When the data amount is less than or equal to the predetermined data amount, there is data to be transmitted or scheduled. For the handling of the transmission data, it is preferable to apply the method disclosed in the second modification of the fourth embodiment, in which data not to be transmitted is stored and the stored data is transmitted at a timing at which subsequent data transmission is possible. .
- the PHY processing unit which is a calibration unit, selects a subframe in which there is no data to be transmitted or data to be scheduled, and a cal dedicated sub that is a subframe in which a cal-RS is arranged. Set to frame.
- a cal-dedicated subframe can be configured. Therefore, accurate calibration can be realized as described above.
- Embodiment 4 Modification 1 In the fourth embodiment, it is disclosed that a subframe without data to be transmitted or scheduled is set as a calibration-dedicated subframe. However, depending on the system, there are cases where there are subframes to which signals and CHs are mapped regardless of transmission data.
- Examples of signals and CHs that are transmitted regardless of transmission data include a synchronization signal, a notification information transmission CH, and a control CH that are required when the UE performs an initial search.
- a synchronization signal In LTE, SS, PBCH, PDCCH, and the like.
- the base station sets a subframe in which a signal and CH are not mapped regardless of transmission data as a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the base station sets one or a plurality of subframes among the subframes to which the signal and CH are not mapped regardless of transmission data as the calibration-dedicated subframes.
- One or more subframes may be determined according to the need for a calibration-only subframe.
- signals and CHs that are transmitted regardless of transmission data may be applied to signals and CHs for which subframes to be scheduled in advance are determined, signals that are periodically or intermittently scheduled, and CHs.
- signals and CH include SS and PBCH in LTE.
- a subframe in which these signals and CH are not mapped may be set as a calibration-specific subframe.
- the base station When there is no subframe for which there is no data to be transmitted or no data to be scheduled, the base station does not transmit a signal and a CH to be transmitted regardless of the transmission data in the subframe.
- the present invention may be applied to signals and CHs whose subframes scheduled in advance are not determined, or signals and CHs transmitted every subframe.
- These signals and CH include PDCCH, PCFICH, CRS and the like in LTE. Even if the base station does not transmit a signal and a CH transmitted in one or a plurality of subframes out of subframes in which there is no data to be transmitted or no data to be scheduled in the subframe. Good.
- the base station sets a signal to be transmitted regardless of transmission data and a subframe in which the CH is not transmitted in the subframe as a calibration-specific subframe.
- this method may be applied to a signal and CH for which subframes to be scheduled in advance are determined, and a signal and CH that are scheduled periodically or intermittently.
- the present invention is applied to a case where execution of calibration is required at a timing when there is no transmission data. As a result, the calibration timing can be optimized, and the calibration accuracy can be improved.
- the base station When there is a subframe in which there is no data to be transmitted or no data to be scheduled, the base station sets the signal and CH to be transmitted regardless of the transmission data when setting the subframe as a calibration-specific subframe. Transmission may not be performed in the subframe. In this way, when the calibration-dedicated subframe is not set, the signal and CH transmitted regardless of the transmission data can be transmitted in the subframe, and normal operation can be maintained. Become.
- signals and CHs in which subframes to be scheduled in advance are determined, signals and CHs to be scheduled periodically or intermittently, and signals in which subframes to be scheduled in advance are not determined And even when there is a CH and a signal and CH transmitted every subframe, it is possible to set a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- a method for determining a radio link for setting a calibration-dedicated subframe, a method for detecting a signal to be transmitted regardless of transmission data and a subframe to which a CH is not mapped, and a method for setting a calibration-dedicated subframe are described in the fourth embodiment. The method should be applied. Instead of transmission data, a signal and a CH that are transmitted regardless of the transmission data may be used.
- FIG. 29 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure related to a calibration process in the communication system according to the first modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 29 shows self-calibration at the base station as an example.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 29 includes the same steps as the flowchart shown in FIG. 28 described above, and therefore, the same steps are denoted by the same step numbers and common description is omitted.
- step ST4101 determines to execute calibration in step ST4101, and if it is determined in step ST4102 that there is no non-transmission data subframe, the base station waits until it is determined that there is a non-transmission data subframe. If it is determined in step ST4102 that there is a non-transmission data subframe, the process proceeds to step ST4201.
- step ST4201 the base station determines whether SS and PBCH are not transmitted in the subframe detected in step ST4102. If it is determined that SS and PBCH are not transmitted in the detected subframe, the mobile terminal makes a transition to step ST4103. If it is determined that SS and PBCH are transmitted in the detected subframe, the process returns to step ST4102, and waits until it is determined that there is a non-transmission data subframe.
- step ST4103 the base station sets the subframe detected in step ST4102 as a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the mobile terminal makes a transition to step ST4202.
- step ST4202 the base station stops transmission of PDCCH, PCFICH, and CRS in the calibration-specific subframe set in step ST4103. After the process of step ST4202 is complete
- the base station maps the calibration RS (cal-RS) of the calibration transmission antenna element to the calibration dedicated subframe. At this time, the base station may determine which antenna element is the calibration transmitting antenna element and which antenna element is the calibration receiving antenna element.
- cal-RS calibration RS
- step ST4104 the base station transmits a calibration transmission antenna cal-RS in a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the processes of step ST4105 to step ST4108 are performed.
- a subframe for performing calibration of a multi-element antenna can be provided even when there is a subframe to which a signal to be transmitted and a CH are mapped regardless of transmission data. it can.
- the calibration subframe can be set at a necessary timing.
- the base station can perform calibration of the antenna element at a necessary timing, it is possible to further improve the performance of MIMO and beam forming using the multi-element antenna.
- the base station does not transmit the signal and the CH to be transmitted regardless of the transmission data when there is no data to be transmitted or there is no data to be scheduled in the subframe.
- the signal and CH may be muted.
- the transmission power may be zero (0).
- the base station When there is no data to be transmitted or there is a subframe without data to be scheduled, the base station mutes a signal and a CH to be transmitted regardless of the transmission data in the subframe.
- the transmission power of the signal and CH is zero (0), but since mapping is performed, the resource cannot be used for cal-RS. Therefore, although it is not possible to increase the resources for cal-RS, it is only necessary to adjust the transmission power, so that the configuration and control for providing the calibration function can be facilitated.
- the base station when there is no subframe for which there is no data to be transmitted or no data to be scheduled, the base station does not transmit or mute the signal and CH to be transmitted regardless of the transmission data.
- the signal and CH overlapping with the resource for transmitting the cal-RS may not be transmitted or may be muted.
- the cal-RS when cal-RS overlaps with a signal and a CH transmitted regardless of transmission data, the cal-RS may be preferentially mapped to the resource. . In this way, when the amount of resources required for the cal-RS is small, it is possible to transmit a signal and a CH that are transmitted regardless of transmission data, and communication performance when the signal and the CH are necessary. Can be prevented.
- Embodiment 4 Modification 2 In the fourth embodiment, a subframe without transmission data is set as a calibration-specific subframe.
- a subframe without transmission data is set as a calibration-specific subframe.
- the base station controls the data transmission timing so that a calibration-specific subframe can be set at a timing when calibration is required. For example, the base station sets a calibration-specific subframe without transmitting data at a timing that requires calibration.
- the base station stores data that is not transmitted, and transmits the stored data at a timing at which subsequent data transmission is possible.
- the base station detects the timing that requires calibration. For example, the control unit 806 disclosed in the first embodiment may be detected.
- the base station may determine whether or not it is necessary to stop data transmission at a timing when calibration is necessary. As a determination criterion, it may be determined whether there is data to be transmitted at the timing. For example, when there is no data to be transmitted at the timing, it is determined that there is no need to stop data transmission.
- the subject disclosed in Embodiment 4 that detects a subframe without data to be transmitted or scheduled may be used.
- the subject becomes possible by acquiring information related to the timing at which calibration is required from the control unit 806.
- a calibration-specific subframe is set at this timing.
- the method of Embodiment 4 may be applied.
- the base station stops data transmission and sets a calibration-specific subframe.
- the base station may determine the presence or absence of a signal and a CH that are transmitted regardless of transmission data at a timing that requires calibration.
- the method disclosed in the first modification of the fourth embodiment may be applied to the determination and the setting of the calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the timing at which calibration is required may be in time for a subframe in which these signals and CH are not mapped, but there is a possibility that the timing may not occur. In this case, it is preferable to stop transmission of these signals and CH and set a calibration-specific subframe.
- the base station sets a calibration-specific subframe at the timing when calibration is required.
- the base station does not transmit data until calibration is completed. Data transmission may be suspended.
- the base station sets a calibration-specific subframe while not transmitting data.
- the period during which no data is transmitted may be in subframe units or in TTI (Transmission Time Interval) units.
- data transmission may not be performed for a predetermined period including the set calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the predetermined period By setting the predetermined period as short as possible, the delay in data transmission can be reduced.
- transmission of signals and CHs to be transmitted can be restarted early regardless of transmission data, and loss of synchronization and control processing in UEs being served thereby can be minimized.
- the predetermined period may be determined statically in advance, or may be determined semi-statically or dynamically by the base station.
- the base station stores data not to be transmitted and transmits the stored data at a timing at which subsequent data transmission is possible.
- the scheduler or the MAC may store the data that is not transmitted.
- the PHY processing unit may perform this.
- the scheduler, MAC, or PHY processing unit may store data that is not transmitted to an internal or external storage device, and perform processing for extracting stored transmission data by a timing at which subsequent data transmission is possible.
- the base station maps and transmits the calibration transmission antenna cal-RS to the set calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the base station performs calibration using the calibration-dedicated subframe. As this method, the method disclosed in Embodiment 4 may be applied.
- the base station starts data transmission at a timing at which data transmission is possible after the predetermined period ends. Further, the base station starts transmission of a signal and a CH that are transmitted regardless of transmission data after the predetermined period ends. As a result, the base station returns to normal operation.
- FIG. 30 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure related to calibration processing in the communication system according to the second modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 30 shows self-calibration at the base station as an example.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 30 includes the same steps as the flowchart shown in FIG. 28 described above, and therefore the same steps are denoted by the same step numbers and the common description is omitted.
- step ST4301 the base station determines whether or not to perform calibration in step ST4301 after determining execution of calibration in step ST4101. If it is determined that it is time to perform calibration, the mobile terminal makes a transition to step ST4302. If it is determined that it is not time to perform calibration, the process waits until it is determined that it is time to perform calibration.
- step ST4302 the base station determines whether there is transmission data. If it is determined that there is transmission data, the process proceeds to step ST4303. If it is determined that there is no transmission data, the process proceeds to step ST4103.
- step ST4303 the base station stops data transmission at the timing of calibration and stores the transmission data. After the process of step ST4303 is complete
- step ST4103 the base station that has stored the transmission data in step ST4303 detects the non-transmission data subframe at the calibration timing, and sets the detected subframe as a calibration-dedicated subframe. After the process of step ST4103 is complete
- step ST4104 the base station maps and transmits the calibration transmission antenna cal-RS to the set calibration-dedicated subframe, and performs calibration. Since this method is the same as that in FIG. 28, description thereof is omitted.
- step ST4107 After performing the processing of step ST4105 and step ST4106, if it is determined in step ST4107 that the calibration of all antennas has been completed, the process proceeds to step ST4304. If it is determined that the calibration of all antenna elements has not been completed, the process returns to step ST4302 and the above-described processing is performed for the antenna elements that have not been calibrated.
- step ST4304 the base station restarts data transmission including the stored data at a timing at which data transmission is possible. As a result, the base station returns to normal operation. After the process of step ST4304 is complete
- the method of the first modification of the fourth embodiment may be applied. Even when there are signals and CHs to be transmitted regardless of transmission data, a calibration-specific subframe can be set in accordance with the timing at which calibration is required, and calibration can be executed in the subframe. Become.
- the base station stores data that is not transmitted and transmits the stored data at a timing at which subsequent data transmission is possible, but other methods may be used.
- data that is not transmitted may be stored without being stored. Further, data that is not transmitted may be discarded without being stored.
- transmission data having a small allowable delay amount may not be transmitted without being stored.
- data having a small allowable delay amount include audio data and real-time game data.
- retransmission data may not be transmitted without being stored. This is because retransmission is performed, and even if the retransmission data is lost about once, it is unlikely to cause a problem. By doing so, the required storage capacity can be reduced.
- the method of the second modification of the fourth embodiment may be performed.
- the method of the fourth embodiment may be performed.
- transmission data As an example of transmission data that can be held, there is data with a large allowable delay amount. Or it is good also as a case where the value of low QoS or QCI (QoS
- QoS Quality of Service
- Class * Identifier For example, buffered streaming video data and file transfer protocol (abbreviation: FTP) data.
- transmission data that cannot be held is data with a small allowable delay. Or it is good also as a case where the value of high QoS or QCI is small. For example, there are audio data and real-time game data.
- the method of the second modification of the fourth embodiment is performed. In the case of transmission data that cannot be held, the method of the fourth embodiment is performed. However, the present invention is not limited to this. If the priority of performing calibration is higher than that of data transmission, the method of the second modification of the fourth embodiment may be performed. Further, when the data transmission has a higher priority than the calibration, the method of the fourth embodiment may be performed. Similarly, the calibration execution timing can be changed according to the transmission data. As a result, calibration during communication can be executed more flexibly.
- the PHY processing unit which is a calibration unit, controls the timing of transmitting data so that a subframe in which cal-RS is arranged can be set.
- This makes it possible to set a cal-dedicated subframe at a timing that requires calibration. Therefore, a delay in calibration can be prevented, and performance deterioration due to a delay in calibration can be prevented.
- Embodiment 4 Modification 3 Another method for solving the problem of the second modification of the fourth embodiment is disclosed.
- the base station provides data and a subframe that does not transmit a signal or CH unrelated to transmission data.
- a subframe that does not transmit anything is provided.
- a subframe in which nothing is transmitted may be referred to as CBS (Complete Blank Subframe).
- CBS Consumer Blank Subframe
- the base station maps only the RS for calibration to the CBS.
- the following six (1) to (6) are disclosed as examples of parameters for configuring the CBS.
- Offset Represents the start timing. For example, at least one of a start radio frame and a start subframe may be set.
- Period This is the period during which CBS occurs. For example, one or a plurality of subframe numbers may be set.
- Cycle This is the period at which CBS occurs. This is useful when CBS is generated periodically. For example, at least one of the number of radio frames and the number of subframes may be set.
- End timing For example, at least one of the end radio frame and the end subframe may be set. As another method, a period from the start to the end may be set. It is preferable to set at least one of the number of radio frames and the number of subframes.
- the end timing need not be set. In this case, once the CBS is set, the CBS is configured until the cell switch is turned off. For example, this is effective when the calibration is continuously executed until the cell switch is turned off.
- a radio link constituting the CBS may be set in at least one of DL and UL.
- the CBS configuration can be specified. These configurations may be changed.
- the parameters for configuring the CBS may be referred to as CBS setting information.
- the following three (1) to (3) are disclosed as examples of the main body constituting the CBS.
- the base station first configures a CBS.
- the above-described parameters may be set for the CBS configuration.
- the subframe in which the CBS is configured is specified.
- the base station determines to execute calibration, the base station sets a calibration-specific subframe in the CBS.
- the base station may set the CBS according to the timing at which calibration is required. The start timing, end timing, cycle, and period that require calibration may be used for setting the CBS.
- a radio link for performing calibration may be used for CBS setting.
- the base station sets a calibration-specific subframe in the CBS.
- the base station maps and transmits the calibration transmission antenna cal-RS to the set calibration-dedicated subframe. Since other signals or CHs of the cal-RS are not mapped to the CBS, it is possible to configure a calibration-specific subframe. Many resources can be used for calibration.
- the base station stops data transmission.
- the transmission data may be suspended.
- the method disclosed in the second modification of the fourth embodiment may be applied. Further, even when signals and CHs to be transmitted are generated regardless of transmission data, these signals and CHs may be stopped.
- FIG. 31 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a processing procedure related to calibration processing in the communication system according to the third modification of the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 31 shows self-calibration at the base station as an example.
- FIG. 31 shows a case where CBS is set according to the timing at which calibration is required.
- the flowchart shown in FIG. 31 includes the same steps as the flowcharts shown in FIGS. 28 and 30 described above, and therefore, the same steps are denoted by the same step numbers and common description is omitted.
- step ST4401 the base station that has decided to execute calibration in step ST4101 performs CBS setting. At this time, the base station performs CBS setting according to the timing at which calibration is required and the radio link for calibration. After the process of step ST4401 is complete
- step ST4402 the base station determines whether it is CBS timing. If it is determined that the timing is CBS, the mobile terminal makes a transition to step ST4302. If it is determined that it is not the CBS timing, the process of step ST4402 is repeated until the next CBS timing.
- step ST4302 the base station determines whether there is transmission data. If it is determined that there is transmission data, the process proceeds to step ST4303. If it is determined that there is no transmission data, the process proceeds to step ST4403.
- step ST4303 the base station stops data transmission at the timing of calibration and stores the transmission data. After the process of step ST4303 is complete
- step ST4403 the base station that has stored the transmission data in step ST4303 maps and transmits the cal-RS to the CBS at a timing that requires calibration.
- a CBS at a timing that requires calibration may be set in a calibration-specific subframe.
- the cal-RS of the calibration transmission antenna is mapped and transmitted to the set calibration-dedicated subframe.
- step ST4107 After performing the processing of step ST4105 and step ST4106, if it is determined in step ST4107 that the calibration of all antennas has been completed, the process proceeds to step ST4304. If it is determined that the calibration of all antennas has not been completed, the process returns to step ST4302, and the above-described processing is performed for the antenna elements that have not been calibrated.
- step ST4304 the base station resumes data transmission including the stored data at a timing at which subframe data that is not CBS can be transmitted. If the CBS end timing is set, the configuration of the CBS is ended according to the setting. After the process of step ST4304 is complete
- the CBS is configured in advance, so that the calibration dedicated subframe can be easily set.
- the CBS by setting the CBS in accordance with the timing at which calibration is required, calibration can be performed at the required timing.
- the method of the first modification of the fourth embodiment may be applied. Even when there are signals and CHs to be transmitted regardless of transmission data, a calibration-specific subframe can be set in accordance with the timing at which calibration is required, and calibration can be executed in the subframe. Become.
- the CBS is configured and used for calibration.
- the CBS is not limited to calibration, but can be used for other purposes.
- a subframe in which nothing is transmitted may be provided.
- the calibration of the base station is shown.
- the method disclosed in the modification 3 of the embodiment 4 to the embodiment 4 is also applicable to the calibration of the UE. Can be applied.
- the method disclosed in the fourth embodiment to the third modification of the fourth embodiment it is possible to execute the calibration during operation in the UE.
- the method disclosed in the fourth to fourth modifications of the fourth embodiment can be applied not only to OFDM as an access method but also to other access methods.
- By applying the method disclosed in the fourth embodiment to the third modification of the fourth embodiment to another access method it is possible to execute calibration during operation even in a system using another access method. It becomes.
- Embodiment 5 In the third embodiment and the fourth embodiment, it is disclosed that a calibration subframe or a calibration-dedicated subframe is provided. Also, it has been disclosed that the base station does not transmit another CH or another RS in the subframe.
- the base station transmits a demodulation RS and a control CH in each DL subframe.
- a demodulation RS is a signal for the UE to perform synchronization and demodulation.
- the control CH includes information necessary for the UE to receive data.
- the UE If there is a subframe without demodulation RS and control CH, the UE cannot receive data normally in the subframe. Therefore, when the UE does not recognize the timing of the calibration subframe, the UE recognizes that the demodulation RS and the control CH exist in the subframe, and receives the subframe.
- the base station notifies the UE of information related to the calibration signal.
- the base station may notify the UE of information related to the calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the UE makes reception unnecessary at the transmission timing of the calibration-dedicated subframe using the acquired information related to the calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the information related to the calibration-dedicated subframe there is information related to the timing at which the calibration-dedicated subframe is transmitted. For example, there is an indication indicating a subframe in which a calibration-specific subframe is transmitted.
- N may be used as an indication indicating a subframe after the nth subframe. Moreover, the indication which shows whether it continues or not may be sufficient. Further, the indication may indicate the number of consecutive subframes. Information combining these may be used.
- this method is effective as a method of notifying a UE immediately when a subframe without transmission data is detected and a calibration-specific subframe is set in the detected subframe.
- CBS setting information disclosed in the third modification of the fourth embodiment. These parameters are more effective when immediacy is not required for notification to the UE. For example, this is more effective when the timing at which calibration is necessary can be recognized in advance or when the CBS is configured.
- An example of other information related to the calibration-only subframe is a time stamp.
- SFN System ⁇ Frame Number
- the time stamp may be managed by OAM (operation administration and maintenance), or may be obtained using GPS (Global Positioning System).
- a base station notifies UE from the cell which performs calibration.
- the following three (1) to (3) are disclosed as specific examples of the notification method.
- Notification via RRC signaling You may alert
- broadcasting with broadcast information it is possible to notify a large number of UEs all at once.
- notifying UE separately it becomes possible to notify reliably by a resending function.
- the main body that detects a subframe without data to be transmitted or scheduled and the main body that is set in a calibration-dedicated subframe disclosed in the fourth embodiment, the CBS disclosed in the third modification of the fourth embodiment Affinity is high when the subject that constitutes RRC is RRC.
- the information related to the calibration-only subframe is more effective when immediacy is not required for notification to the UE.
- Notification by MAC signaling Notify individual UEs individually.
- the main body that detects a subframe without data to be transmitted or scheduled and the main body that is set in a calibration-dedicated subframe disclosed in the fourth embodiment, the CBS disclosed in the third modification of the fourth embodiment Affinity is high when the subject that constitutes is MAC or scheduler.
- the information regarding the transmission timing of the calibration-dedicated subframe is more effective when immediacy is required for notification to the UE.
- FIG. 32 is a diagram illustrating an example of a sequence related to calibration in the communication system according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 32 shows, as an example, the case of the method disclosed in the fourth embodiment and the first modification of the fourth embodiment for detecting a subframe without data to be transmitted or scheduled and setting it as a calibration-dedicated subframe. ing.
- step ST5101 the base station and the UE are performing normal communication.
- step ST5102 the base station that performs calibration detects a non-transmission data subframe that is a subframe without transmission data.
- step ST5103 the base station sets the detected subframe as a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- step ST5104 the base station notifies the UE of information related to the set calibration-dedicated subframe (hereinafter also referred to as “calibration-dedicated subframe information”).
- Step ST5105 during the calibration-dedicated subframe, the base station maps and transmits the calibration transmission antenna cal-RS to the subframe.
- step ST5106 the base station performs normal operation after completing the transmission of the cal-RS in the calibration-only subframe.
- Step ST5107 the UE stops reception during the calibration dedicated subframe using the acquired calibration dedicated subframe information.
- step ST5108 the UE resumes reception after the end of the calibration-only subframe.
- step ST5109 the base station and the UE perform normal communication after completion of the calibration-dedicated subframe.
- step ST5102 in the base station, the scheduler detects a non-transmission data subframe, and in step ST5103, sets the detected subframe as a calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the scheduler notifies the PHY processing unit of information related to the set calibration-specific subframe.
- the PHY processing unit includes the calibration-specific subframe information as control information in the physical control channel, and notifies the UE in step ST5104. Since the scheduler recognizes the amount of data to be transmitted in the next subframe, the information related to the calibration-dedicated subframe detected and set by the scheduler is stored in the physical control channel of the subframe before the subframe by the PHY processing unit. In addition, it is possible to notify the UE by including it as control information.
- the UE receives the subframe in the calibration-dedicated subframe, even though the demodulation RS and the control CH are not transmitted, and the data is not actually transmitted. Nevertheless, if there is transmission data, it is possible to prevent erroneous reception and erroneous operation. Therefore, the base station can calibrate the multi-element antenna at a necessary timing without causing a malfunction of the UE.
- FIG. 33 is a diagram showing another example of a sequence related to calibration in the communication system of the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 33 as an example, the case of the method of configuring the CBS disclosed in the third modification of the fourth embodiment is shown.
- step ST5201 the base station and the UE are performing normal communication.
- step ST5202 the base station that executes calibration sets CBS according to the calibration timing.
- step ST5203 the base station notifies the UE of the set CBS information (hereinafter also referred to as “CBS information”).
- Step ST5204 the UE that has received the CBS information in Step ST5203 notifies the base station of a CBS information notification response.
- the CBS information notification response in step ST5204 may be omitted.
- step ST5205 the base station that has received the CBS information notification response in step ST5204 transmits the cal-RS in the CBS. Specifically, the base station maps and transmits the calibration transmission antenna cal-RS to the CBS.
- step ST5206 the base station performs a normal operation after the CBS is completed according to the CBS setting.
- step ST5207 the UE that has notified the base station of the CBS information notification response in step ST5204 stops receiving in the CBS. Specifically, the UE stops reception during CBS using the acquired CBS information.
- step ST5208 the UE resumes reception after the end of CBS.
- Step ST5209 the base station and the UE perform normal communication after CBS ends.
- Step ST5202 the base station performs CBS setting by RRC.
- the RRC includes the CBS information in the RRC signaling and notifies the UE in Step ST5203.
- the UE that has received the RRC signaling may perform reception stop control in the CBS using the acquired CBS information by RRC.
- the RRC of the UE may notify the MAC or PHY processing unit of the CBS timing and stop the reception in the subframe. By doing so, control by RRC becomes possible.
- the UE when individually transmitting to a UE being served by the UE, the UE notifies the base station of a CBS information notification response, and when notifying the UE being served by the UE, the UE does not notify the base station of a CBS information notification response. You may do it. By doing in this way, UE can stop reception during CBS.
- the base station can calibrate the multi-element antenna at a necessary timing without causing a malfunction of the UE.
- the UE may communicate with another base station (cell) during the calibration-dedicated subframe. Alternatively, other base stations (cells) may be measured. As a system, the UE operation during the calibration-only subframe may be determined in advance. Alternatively, the base station may determine the operation of the UE during the calibration-dedicated subframe and notify the UE. This notification may be notified together with information related to the calibration-only subframe. By doing in this way, it becomes possible to use this sub-frame for other uses in UE.
- the base station may notify the adjacent base station of information related to the calibration dedicated subframe. X2 signaling may be used for this notification.
- the adjacent base station can recognize the existence of the calibration-dedicated subframe and the resource on the time axis or the frequency axis.
- the adjacent base station can recognize that there is no transmission data and no CH and RS to be transmitted regardless of the transmission data in the calibration-dedicated subframe. Therefore, for example, it is possible to schedule data to UEs being served by the subframe without worrying about interference with adjacent base stations.
- the base station may notify the core network side node of information related to the calibration dedicated subframe.
- the core network side node may notify the base station that needs some special operation of the information related to the calibration-dedicated subframe acquired from the base station while the base station performs the calibration. S1 signaling may be used for these notifications. As a result, it is possible to obtain the same effect as when notifying information related to a calibration-dedicated subframe to an adjacent base station.
- This embodiment may be applied not only in the case of self-calibration but also in the case of performing OTA calibration.
- a calibration signal (cal-RS) is transmitted from the base station, and the calibration value is derived by receiving the signal at the UE. Therefore, by transmitting information on a calibration signal from the base station, the UE can receive the signal and derive a calibration value from the received signal.
- cal-RS calibration signal
- the UE may receive a calibration signal instead of stopping reception during the calibration-dedicated subframe in step ST5107.
- the UE derives a calibration value using the received calibration signal.
- the calibration signal may be received by the CBS.
- the UE derives a calibration value using the calibration signal received at the CBS.
- the UE may notify the base station of the derived calibration value. By doing so, the base station can calibrate the transmission antenna by OTA.
- the base station may instruct the UE to transmit a calibration signal.
- the base station may notify the UE of the information related to the calibration signal by including the information of the instruction, or may be notified by including the information of the calibration-dedicated subframe. Or you may notify by another signaling.
- the UE that has received the instruction information transmits, for example, a calibration signal in a subframe derived from the acquired information related to the calibration-specific subframe.
- the base station derives a calibration value by receiving the calibration signal transmitted from the UE in the calibration-only subframe.
- step ST5104 the base station notifies the UE including information indicating an instruction to transmit a calibration signal in the subframe in step ST5104.
- Step ST5107 the UE that has received the information transmits a calibration signal using the calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the base station may receive the calibration-dedicated subframe and the calibration signal.
- the base station derives a calibration value using the received calibration signal.
- step ST5203 the information regarding CBS is notified including information indicating an instruction to transmit a calibration signal in the subframe.
- step ST5207 the UE that has received the information transmits a calibration signal in the calibration-dedicated subframe.
- the base station may receive the calibration-dedicated subframe and the calibration signal.
- the base station derives a calibration value using the received calibration signal. By doing so, the base station can calibrate the receiving antenna by OTA.
- the communication terminal is set not to receive a subframe in which cal-RS is arranged. As a result, malfunction of the communication terminal can be prevented.
- Embodiment 5 Modification 1 In this modification, another method for solving the problem of the fifth embodiment is disclosed.
- the base station sets the UE being served so as not to receive the calibration-dedicated subframe.
- DRX is used for this setting.
- the base station configures DRX so that UEs being served by the UE are not received in a calibration-specific subframe.
- the base station configures DRX so that UEs being served thereby become in-activity in a calibration-specific subframe.
- the base station configures DRX so that the UE being served by the UE is not active in the calibration-specific subframe.
- the base station may not transmit data to UEs being served in the subframe so that a calibration-dedicated subframe can be configured during in-activity of the configured DRX.
- the base station notifies the UE being served thereby of the DRX configuration.
- a notification method determined by a conventional standard can be applied to the notification of the DRX configuration.
- the UE being served thereby does not receive from its own cell during the configured DRX non-operation period. Therefore, the UE does not receive while the base station is performing calibration.
- the UE receives the subframe in the calibration-dedicated subframe, even though the demodulation RS and the control CH are not transmitted, and the data is not actually transmitted. Nevertheless, if there is transmission data, it is possible to prevent erroneous reception and erroneous operation. Therefore, the base station can calibrate the multi-element antenna at a necessary timing without causing a malfunction of the UE.
- the UE since an existing function is used, the UE does not need special processing for calibration. In addition, by using an existing notification method, it is not necessary to specifically notify the UE of signaling for calibration.
- a measurement gap is used as a setting method.
- the base station configures a measurement gap in a calibration-dedicated subframe so that UEs being served thereby do not receive it.
- the base station configures a measurement gap for the UEs being served thereby to include a calibration-only subframe.
- the base station notifies the UEs being served of the measurement gap configuration.
- the notification method determined in the conventional standard can be applied to the notification of the measurement gap configuration.
- a DL measurement gap may be configured.
- a UL measurement gap may be configured.
- the UE being served thereby does not receive from its own cell during the configured measurement gap. Therefore, the UE does not receive while the base station is performing calibration.
- the UE can obtain the same effects as described above.
- the DRX configuration was only for DL, but the measurement gap can be set for UL as well. Therefore, it is effective to use the measurement gap even when the calibration is performed in the UL.
- the method disclosed in the fifth embodiment and the first modification of the fifth embodiment can be applied not only to OFDM as an access method but also to other access methods.
- Embodiment 6 FIG. In the third embodiment, it has been disclosed that the RS for calibration and another CH or another RS are arranged in the same subframe. In this embodiment, a specific example is disclosed.
- the base station uses the physical downlink shared channel region for transmission of cal-RS.
- the base station maps cal-RS to the physical downlink shared channel region.
- a physical downlink shared channel is not mapped to a symbol to which cal-RS is mapped.
- Rate matching and coding may be performed so that the physical downlink shared channel is not mapped with a symbol to which cal-RS is mapped.
- the base station may map the physical downlink shared channel to the physical downlink shared channel region and then replace the symbol mapping cal-RS with cal-RS.
- the base station does not transmit a physical downlink shared channel with a symbol mapping cal-RS.
- the calibration RS and other CHs and other RSs can be arranged in the same subframe, and calibration can be performed during communication.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram illustrating an example of a subframe configuration when cal-RS is mapped to the physical downlink shared channel region.
- the horizontal axis represents time t
- the vertical axis represents frequency f.
- FIG. 34 shows the case of LTE as an example.
- the subframe is indicated by the reference symbol “6001”, and the symbol timing is indicated by the reference symbol “6002”.
- the first three symbols are the PDCCH region 6003 and the subsequent 11 symbols are the PDSCH region 6004.
- the CRS 6005 is mapped over the PDCCH region 6003 and the PDSCH region 6004.
- PDCCH, PCFICH, and the like are mapped to PDCCH region 6003.
- PDSCH is mapped to PDSCH region 6004.
- FIG. 34 shows an example in which the cal-RS is mapped to the PDSCH region 6004.
- the cal-RS 6006 of the first antenna element # 1, the cal-RS 6007 of the second antenna element # 2, the cal-RS 6008 of the third antenna element # 3, and the cal-RS 6009 of the fourth antenna element # 4 are provided.
- Map. PDSCH 6010 is mapped to other symbols.
- the cal-RSs 6006 to 6009 and the PDSCH 6010, PDCCH, and CRS 6005 can be mapped in the same subframe.
- the base station can transmit cal-RSs 6006 to 6009 and PDSCH, PDCCH and CRS 6005 in the same subframe. Therefore, it is possible to execute calibration while performing data communication with the UE.
- the base station may not map the physical downlink shared channel to the slot or subframe to which the cal-RS is mapped.
- the method disclosed in the fourth embodiment and the second modification of the fourth embodiment may be applied.
- the base station may map the cal-RS to subframes other than the subframe to which the paging channel, the broadcast channel, or the physical downlink shared channel to which the random access response is mapped is mapped.
- the base station may not map the physical downlink shared channel over the entire frequency domain at the symbol timing to which the cal-RS is mapped.
- the base station may map the cal-RS to a synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel, or a symbol timing different from other RSs.
- FIG. 35 is a diagram showing another example of a subframe configuration when cal-RS is mapped to a physical downlink shared channel region.
- the horizontal axis represents time t
- the vertical axis represents frequency f.
- FIG. 35 shows the case of LTE as an example.
- the subframe is indicated by the reference symbol “6101”, and the symbol timing is indicated by the reference symbol “6102”.
- the first three symbols are the PDCCH region 6103, and the subsequent 11 symbols are the PDSCH region 6104.
- the CRS 6105 is mapped over the PDCCH region 6103 and the PDSCH region 6104.
- PDCCH, PCFICH, and the like are mapped to PDCCH region 6103.
- FIG. 35 shows an example in which cal-RS is mapped without mapping PDSCH to PDSCH region 6104. Without mapping the PDSCH to the PDSCH region 6104, the cal-RS 6106 of the first antenna element # 1, the cal-RS 6107 of the second antenna element # 2, the cal-RS 6108 of the third antenna element # 3, and the fourth antenna element # 4 cal-RS6109 is mapped.
- the base station maps cal-RSs over all frequency regions at the symbol timing to which cal-RSs 6106 to 6109 are mapped.
- mapping the cal-RSs 6106 to 6109 in the PDSCH region 6104 it is possible to map the cal-RSs 6106 to 6109, the PDCCH, and the CRS 6105 in the same subframe.
- the base station can transmit cal-RSs 6106 to 6109, PDCCH and CRS 6105 in the same subframe. Therefore, since the control channel and the signal used for demodulation and measurement are transmitted, it is possible to execute calibration while performing communication with the UE.
- the base station since the base station does not perform scheduling to the UE using the PDCCH, the UE does not need to receive the PDSCH, and it is possible to reduce the occurrence of malfunction in the UE.
- an MBSFN Multimedia Broadcast multicast service Single Frequency ⁇ Network
- PMCH and PDSCH are mapped to the MBSFN area, but both may be PMCH and PDSCH instead of the above-described PDSCH.
- the calibration RS and other CHs and other RSs can be arranged in the same subframe, and calibration can be performed during communication.
- FIG. 36 is a diagram illustrating an example of a subframe configuration when cal-RS is mapped to the MBSFN region.
- the horizontal axis represents time t
- the vertical axis represents frequency f.
- FIG. 36 shows the case of LTE as an example.
- the MBSFN subframe is indicated by the reference symbol “6201”, and the symbol timing is indicated by the reference symbol “6202”.
- the first two symbols are a non-MBSFN area 6203, and the subsequent 12 symbols are an MBSFN area 6204.
- the CRS 6105 is mapped to the non-MBSFN area 6203.
- PDCCH, PCFICH, and the like are mapped.
- PMCH and PDSCH are mapped to the MBSFN region 6204.
- FIG. 36 shows an example in which cal-RS is mapped without mapping the PMCH to the MBSFN region 6204. Without mapping the PMCH and PDSCH to the MBSFN region 6204, the cal-RS 6106 of the first antenna element # 1, the cal-RS 6107 of the second antenna element # 2, the cal-RS 6108 of the third antenna element # 3, and the fourth antenna Map cal-RS 6109 of element # 4.
- the base station maps cal-RSs over all frequency regions at the symbol timing to which cal-RSs 6106 to 6109 are mapped.
- mapping the cal-RSs 6106 to 6109 in the MBSFN region 6204 it is possible to map the cal-RSs 6106 to 6109, the PDCCH, and the CRS 6105 in the same subframe.
- the base station can transmit cal-RSs 6106 to 6109, PDCCH and CRS 6105 in the same subframe. Therefore, since the control channel and the signal used for demodulation and measurement are transmitted, it is possible to execute calibration while performing communication with the UE.
- the base station since the base station does not perform scheduling to the UE using the PDCCH, the UE does not need to receive the PDSCH, and it is possible to reduce the occurrence of malfunction in the UE.
- the MBSFN RS is not transmitted. Therefore, when PMCH and PDSCH are not mapped in MBSFN region 6204, nothing is mapped in MBSFN region 6204. Therefore, more resources for calibration can be used than in the case of using the above-described PDSCH region.
- the MBSFN subframe is not configured as a subframe to which a synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel, or a paging channel is mapped. Therefore, the base station configures the MBSFN subframe and maps the cal-RS to the MBSFN subframe, thereby mapping the above-described synchronization signal and the physical broadcast channel, and the subframe to which the paging channel is mapped. If there is a process of mapping cal-RS except for, this process can be omitted. As a result, processing at the base station can be simplified.
- ABS Almost Blank Subframe
- ABS is a subframe in which other CHs and RSs of CRS are not mapped.
- CRS other RS orthogonal in the frequency and time domain. Therefore, the RS for calibration and the other RS can be arranged in the same subframe, and calibration can be performed during communication.
- FIG. 37 is a diagram illustrating an example of a subframe configuration when cal-RS is mapped to the ABS area.
- the horizontal axis represents time t
- the vertical axis represents frequency f.
- the case of LTE is shown as an example.
- the ABS region is indicated by reference numeral “6301”, and the symbol timing is indicated by reference numeral “6302”.
- the CRS 6105 is mapped to the ABS area 6301.
- the resources to which the CRS 6105 is not mapped include the cal-RS 6106 of the first antenna element # 1, the cal-RS 6107 of the second antenna element # 2, the cal-RS 6108 of the third antenna element # 3, and the first Map cal-RS 6109 of 4-antenna element # 4.
- the base station maps cal-RSs over all frequency regions at the symbol timing to which cal-RSs 6106 to 6109 are mapped.
- mapping cal-RSs 6106 to 6109 to the ABS region 6301 it is possible to map cal-RSs 6106 to 6109 and CRS 6105 in the same subframe.
- the base station can transmit cal-RSs 6106 to 6109 and CRS 6105 in the same subframe. Therefore, since signals used for demodulation and measurement are transmitted, it is possible to execute calibration while performing communication with the UE.
- PDCCH is not transmitted.
- the UE notified of the ABS configuration from the base station may not receive the ABS.
- the UE does not need to receive the ABS, and it is possible to reduce the occurrence of malfunction in the UE.
- the PDCCH region can also be used as a calibration resource, so that more resources can be used.
- the ABS is not configured in a subframe to which a synchronization signal, a physical broadcast channel, or a paging channel is mapped. Accordingly, the base station configures the ABS and maps the cal-RS to the ABS, so that the base station can map the symbols to which the above-described synchronization signal and the physical broadcast channel are mapped, and the subframe to which the paging channel is mapped. If there is a process of mapping cal-RS except for, this process can be eliminated. As a result, processing at the base station can be simplified.
- the UE that performs calibration does not need to be notified of information regarding cal-RS in particular from the base station.
- Conventional scheduling by PDCCH, MBSFN subframe setting, and ABS setting may be followed. Therefore, the UE does not need to recognize the calibration and does not need a special process for the calibration. Thereby, the process in UE can be simplified.
- the base station may specify information on the cal-RS to the UE.
- the base station may notify the UE of information related to cal-RS.
- the cal-RS information includes a radio frame, a subframe, a resource, and a sequence to which the cal-RS is mapped.
- the resource is, for example, a resource block, a resource element, a resource unit, or the like.
- Notification methods include RRC signaling, MAC signaling, and PDCCH notification.
- the base station notifies the UE of information on the cal-RS.
- the UE can recognize the subframe, resource, and sequence to be calibrated. For example, the UE can determine that there is no PDSCH in the resource to which the cal-RS is mapped in the received subframe.
- the UE can perform processing such as not receiving the resource or discarding the demodulation result of the resource. As a result, the UE can accurately receive the PDSCH resource.
- the base station may notify the UE of information regarding the MBSFN subframe for mapping the cal-RS. This information may be notified in the MBSFN subframe configuration notification. For example, the UE can determine that there is no PMCH or PDSCH in the resource to which the cal-RS is mapped in the MBSFN subframe.
- the UE can perform processing such as not receiving the resource or discarding the demodulation result of the resource. As a result, the UE can accurately receive PMCH or PDSCH resources.
- the base station may notify the UE of information on the ABS that maps the cal-RS. This information may be included in the ABS configuration notification. In this way, it is possible to recognize a subframe in which the UE performs calibration.
- the UE can recognize that the signal is for calibration. Therefore, the UE does not receive the resource or discards the demodulation result of the resource. It is possible to perform the process. This can prevent the UE from receiving the ABS by mistake.
- the base station may notify the adjacent base station of information on the cal-RS, information on the MBSFN subframe to which the cal-RS is mapped, and information on the ABS to which the cal-RS is mapped.
- X2 signaling may be used for this notification.
- adjacent base stations are not aware that cal-RSs are transmitted in normal subframes, MBSFN subframes, and ABSs. If the cal-RS has to be transmitted with high power for calibration, the signal may interfere with an adjacent base station.
- the base station notifies the neighboring base station of information on the cal-RS, information on the MBSFN subframe to which the cal-RS is mapped, and information on the ABS to which the cal-RS is mapped.
- the station can recognize the presence of the cal-RS and resources on the time axis or the frequency axis. Accordingly, for example, the adjacent base station can avoid data scheduling to UEs being served by assuming interference from the base station.
- the base station may notify the core network side node of information on the cal-RS, information on the MBSFN subframe mapping the cal-RS, and information on the ABS mapping the cal-RS.
- the node on the core network side maps the cal-RS information, cal-RS acquired from the base station, to the base station that needs some special operation while the base station performs calibration.
- Information on the MBSFN subframe and information on the ABS mapping the cal-RS may be notified.
- S1 signaling may be used for these notifications.
- the base station notifies the core network side node of information on the cal-RS, information on the MBSFN subframe to which the cal-RS is mapped, and information on the ABS to which the cal-RS is mapped, It is possible to obtain the same effect as that of the above-described embodiment.
- Embodiment 7 FIG.
- the case where the calibration is executed using the calibration RS for each antenna element has been disclosed.
- cal-RS also increases. Therefore, if calibration of all antenna elements is performed, the time for adjusting the phase and amplitude of each antenna element increases. Also, the overhead increases due to an increase in cal-RS. As a result, the downlink physical area that can be used for actual communication is reduced, and there arises a problem that the originally expected communication performance cannot be ensured.
- a method for solving such a problem is disclosed.
- Grouping is performed for each antenna element constituting the multi-element antenna of the base station.
- a method of grouping antenna elements a method of grouping with adjustment results obtained by calibration performed before shipment, before installation and during operation to form a beam with a multi-element antenna, and a multi-element antenna And a grouping method based on the structure.
- amplitude adjustment values and phase adjustment values obtained as adjustment results are stored as calibration values executed in the past, and adjustment values within a predetermined range Group antenna elements.
- the predetermined range is, for example, a range in which the adjustment result of the digital phase shifter used for phase adjustment is ⁇ 1 bit. Therefore, the digital phase shifter adjustment results in the range of ⁇ 1 bit are handled as the same group.
- the multi-element antenna for transmission grouping based on the signal level received by the reception system as a reference for the transmission signal output from each antenna element is possible.
- grouping based on signal levels obtained by receiving transmission signals output from a reference transmission system by each antenna element is possible.
- the reference reception system and the reference transmission system are associated with any antenna element in the multi-element antenna.
- Arbitrary antenna elements are an antenna element arranged at the center of all antenna elements, antenna elements arranged at the four corners of all antenna elements, one antenna element in each of the vertical and horizontal arrays of antenna elements, Or the antenna element etc. which are arrange
- the grouping method based on the structure of the multi-element antenna includes grouping for each antenna element that is equidistant from the reference antenna element, grouping for each antenna element arranged at the same position in the horizontal or vertical direction, and taper shape. Grouping based on the power distribution in the subarray antenna subjected to, and grouping for each of the vertical polarization and horizontal polarization in the configuration of the polarization antenna.
- the tapered subarray antenna has a configuration in which the power distribution is weighted in the multi-element antenna in order to suppress the side rope level of the antenna radiation pattern. Therefore, the main antenna elements which determine the beam shape and are located in the center and have a large transmission output are grouped, and only this main antenna is calibrated. This makes it possible to shorten the adjustment time of the phase and amplitude of the antenna element.
- the vertical antenna and the horizontal antenna can be calibrated simultaneously.
- any one antenna element transmits cal-RS and receives a signal in a reference receiving system
- the obtained calibration result is reflected on all antenna elements in the same group.
- a cal-RS output from a reference transmission system is received by any one of the antenna elements in the group. And the result of the calibration obtained by receiving is reflected in all the antenna elements in the same group.
- FIG. 38 is a diagram illustrating an example of a subframe configuration when the cal-RS of each antenna group is mapped to the physical downlink shared channel region in the seventh embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents time t
- the vertical axis represents frequency f.
- the subframe is indicated by the reference symbol “7101,” the symbol timing is indicated by the reference symbol “7102,” and the CRS is indicated by the reference symbol “7105.”
- the first three symbols are the PDCCH region 7103, and the subsequent 11 symbols are the PDSCH region 7104.
- FIG. 38 shows an example in which the cal-RS is arranged for each antenna group, unlike the example in which the cal-RS is mapped to the LTE physical downlink common channel region disclosed in the sixth embodiment.
- the configuration of the physical downlink channel excluding cal-RS is the same as that shown in FIG.
- FIG. 38 shows an example of mapping the cal-RS for each antenna group without mapping the PDSCH. Without mapping the PDSCH to the PDSCH region 7104, the cal-RS 7106 of the first antenna group # 1, the cal-RS 7107 of the second antenna group # 2, the cal-RS 7108 of the third antenna group # 3, and the fourth antenna group # 4 cal-RS7109 is mapped.
- the base station maps cal-RSs over all frequency regions at the symbol timing in which cal-RSs 7106 to 7109 for each antenna group are mapped.
- the number of cal-RSs is reduced as compared with the case where the cal-RS is used for every antenna element. Thereby, the adjustment time of the phase and amplitude of the antenna element can be reduced. In addition, by reducing the number of cal-RSs, it is possible to prevent deterioration in communication performance due to overhead.
- the adjustment accuracy of the phase and amplitude of the antenna element is reduced, and the phase and amplitude of the antenna element are Adjustments can be simplified. As a result, the time required for calibration can be shortened.
- the PHY processing unit that is a calibration unit divides a plurality of antenna elements into groups, and sets cal-RS for each group.
- an increase in cal-RS can be suppressed. Therefore, an increase in time required for calibration can be suppressed. Further, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the downlink physical area that can be used for actual communication and to secure communication performance.
- Embodiment 8 FIG. In the eighth embodiment, cal-RSs mapped over all frequency regions at symbol timing are partially thinned out and arranged in each antenna element constituting the multi-element antenna in the second, third, and sixth embodiments. Is disclosed.
- FIG. 39 is a diagram illustrating an example of a subframe configuration when cal-RS is mapped to a part on the frequency axis of the physical downlink shared channel region in the eighth embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents time t
- the vertical axis represents frequency f.
- the subframe is indicated by a reference symbol “8101”, the symbol timing is indicated by a reference symbol “8102”, and the CRS is indicated by a reference symbol “8105”.
- the first three symbols are the PDCCH region 8103, and the subsequent 11 symbols are the PDSCH region 8104.
- FIG. 39 is an example in which cal-RS is thinned out on the frequency axis and arranged in the frequency domain of the LTE physical downlink common channel disclosed in Embodiment 6 over the entire frequency domain. .
- the configuration of the physical downlink channel excluding cal-RS is the same as that shown in FIG.
- FIG. 39 shows an example in which mapping is performed by periodically thinning out the cal-RS of the antenna element on the frequency axis without mapping the PDSCH in the PDSCH region 8104. Without mapping PDSCH to PDSCH region 8104, cal-RS 8106 of first antenna element # 1, cal-RS 8107 of second antenna element # 2, cal-RS 8108 of third antenna element # 3, and fourth antenna element # 4 cal-RSs 8109 are mapped by periodically decimating on the frequency axis at the symbol timing.
- the cal-RS for each antenna element may be arranged at a fixed frequency according to the frequency characteristics of each antenna element, instead of the method of periodically decimating and arranging on the frequency axis.
- the number of cal-RSs arranged in the physical downlink common channel region is reduced. This makes it possible to arrange other channels and prevent deterioration of communication performance due to overhead.
- FIG. 40 is a diagram illustrating another example of a subframe configuration when cal-RS is mapped to a part on the frequency axis of the physical downlink shared channel region in the eighth embodiment.
- FIG. 40 shows a case where the cal-RSs of a plurality of antenna elements are arranged within the same symbol timing when the cal-RSs of the antenna elements are periodically thinned and arranged on the frequency axis.
- the horizontal axis represents time t
- the vertical axis represents frequency f.
- the subframe is indicated by the reference symbol “8201”
- the symbol timing is indicated by the reference symbol “8202”
- the CRS is indicated by the reference symbol “8205”.
- the first three symbols are the PDCCH region 8203
- the subsequent 11 symbols are the PDSCH region 8204.
- the cal-RS 8206 of the first antenna element # 1 is periodically arranged on the frequency axis within the same symbol timing.
- antenna elements having the same frequency characteristics are grouped by combining the above-described seventh embodiment and the present embodiment, and any one antenna element in the group is thinned out on the frequency axis.
- Calibration may be executed using cal-RS for each element group.
- FIG. 41 is a diagram illustrating an example of a subframe configuration when the cal-RS of each antenna group is mapped to a part on the frequency axis of the physical downlink shared channel region in the eighth embodiment.
- the horizontal axis represents time t
- the vertical axis represents frequency f.
- the subframe is indicated by a reference symbol “8301”
- the symbol timing is indicated by a reference symbol “8302”
- the CRS is indicated by a reference symbol “8305”.
- the first three symbols are the PDCCH region 8303
- the subsequent 11 symbols are the PDSCH region 8304.
- FIG. 41 shows an example in which cal-RSs thinned out on the frequency axis for each antenna group are arranged in the region of the physical downlink common channel of LTE.
- the cal-RS 8306 of the first antenna group # 1, the cal-RS 8307 of the second antenna group # 1, the cal-RS 8308 of the third antenna group # 3, and the first Cal-RS8309 of 4 antenna group # 4 is arranged by being thinned out on the frequency axis.
- the PHY processing unit that is the calibration unit arranges the cal-RS in a part of the entire frequency region of the subframe.
- the PHY processing unit arranges cal-RSs that are mapped over the entire frequency region while being partially thinned out.
- the unit of resources set for calibration is described as a subframe.
- the unit is not limited to a subframe, and may be a transmission time unit in the system.
- it may be a TTI, slot, or symbol. Further, it may be an integral multiple of the transmission time unit.
- the resource unit for cal-RS is described as a symbol, but it is not limited to a symbol and may be a basic time unit in the system. It may be an integer multiple of the basic time unit. For example, in OFDM, it may be the timing of Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). For example, in LTE, Ts (basic time unit) may be used.
- FFT Fast Fourier Transform
Abstract
Description
図2は、3GPPにおいて議論されているLTE方式の通信システム200の全体的な構成を示すブロック図である。図2について説明する。無線アクセスネットワークは、E-UTRAN(Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network)201と称される。通信端末装置である移動端末装置(以下「移動端末(User Equipment:UE)」という)202は、基地局装置(以下「基地局(E-UTRAN NodeB:eNB)」という)203と無線通信可能であり、無線通信で信号の送受信を行う。
(2)状態2: キャリブレーション中。
(3)状態3:キャリブレーション失敗。
(4)状態4:一定時間後、キャリブレーションを開始する状態。
(5)状態5:キャリブレーションが正常に完了。
実施の形態1では、多素子アンテナのアンテナ素子間の位相差および振幅差を合わせることによって、スループットを向上できる方法について説明した。実施の形態2では、キャリブレーションのために必要となるアンテナ素子毎のcal-RSのマッピングが、時間的にばらつきがあると、同数のcal-RSを送信するときにも、多くの時間を要するという問題を解決する方法を開示する。
実施の形態2では、キャリブレーションのために必要となるアンテナ素子毎のcal-RSのマッピングを時間的に集中させることによって、キャリブレーションに要する時間を短縮できる方法について示した。しかし、他のCHまたは他のRSと送信が重なる場合があり、このような規定は現在の規格になく、回避することができないという問題がある。実施の形態3では、新たなマッピング方法を提供することによって、前述の問題を解決する方法を開示する。
実施の形態3では、キャリブレーション用のサブフレームを設け、該サブフレームでキャリブレーション用のRS(cal-RS)を送信することを開示した。基地局は、該サブフレームで、他のチャネル(略称:CH)、他のRSを送信しないとしてもよい。他のCH、他のRSを送信しないキャリブレーション用サブフレームをキャリブレーション専用サブフレームとする。
例えば、スケジューラがスケジューリングする場合に適用するとよい。スケジューラに、送信またはスケジューリングするデータの有無を検出する機能を設けることは容易である。
例えば、MACがスケジューリングする場合に適用するとよい。MACに、送信またはスケジューリングするデータの有無を検出する機能を設けることは容易である。
例えば、送信するデータが無いサブフレームを検出する場合に適用するとよい。PHY処理部に、送信するデータの有無を検出する機能を設けることは容易である。
例えば、RRCがDRXなどの設定を行っている場合に適用するとよい。RRCは、DRXによって、データの送信またはスケジューリングを行わないサブフレームを認識している。したがって、RRCに、送信またはスケジューリングするデータの有無を検出する機能を設けることは容易である。
例えば、スケジューラ、MAC、またはRRCで送信またはスケジューリングするデータの有無を検出した場合に適用するとよい。スケジューラ、MAC、またはRRCは、該データが無いことを検出した場合、スケジューラに該データが無いことを通知する。スケジューラは、該情報を用いて検出したサブフレームを、キャリブレーション専用サブフレームに設定する。
前述の(1)で記載したスケジューラの代わりにMACとしてもよい。
例えば、スケジューラ、MAC、PHY処理部、またはRRCで送信またはスケジューリングするデータの有無を検出した場合に適用するとよい。スケジューラ、MAC、PHY処理部、またはRRCは、該データが無いことを検出した場合、PHY処理部に該データが無いことを通知する。PHY処理部は、該情報を用いて検出したサブフレームを、キャリブレーション専用サブフレームに設定する。
例えば、RRCで送信またはスケジューリングするデータの有無を検出した場合に適用するとよい。RRCは、該データが無いことを検出した場合、該情報を用いて検出したサブフレームを、キャリブレーション専用サブフレームに設定する。
実施の形態4では、送信またはスケジューリングするデータが無いサブフレームを、キャリブレーション専用サブフレームに設定することを開示した。しかし、システムによっては、送信データに関係なく送信される信号およびCHがマッピングされるサブフレームがある場合も存在する。
実施の形態4では、送信データの無いサブフレームを、キャリブレーション専用サブフレームに設定した。しかし、基地局の傘下に多数のUEが存在する場合、膨大な量のデータを通信している場合、および送信データが無くなるタイミングが、必要なタイミングで生じない場合がある。この場合、送信データが無くなるタイミングを待っていると、キャリブレーションが遅れ、性能の劣化を招くという問題がある。本変形例では、このような問題を解決する方法を開示する。
実施の形態4の変形例2の課題を解決する他の方法を開示する。基地局は、データ、および送信データに無関係な信号またはCHを送信しないサブフレームを設ける。何も送信しないサブフレームを設ける。以下の説明では、何も送信しないサブフレームを、CBS(Complete Blank Subframe)という場合がある。基地局は、CBSに、キャリブレーション用のRSのみをマッピングする。
(1)RRC。
(2)MAC。
(3)PHY処理部。
実施の形態3および実施の形態4では、キャリブレーション用サブフレームまたはキャリブレーション専用サブフレームを設けることを開示した。また、基地局は、該サブフレームで他のCHまたは他のRSを送信しないことを開示した。
本変形例では、実施の形態5の問題を解決する他の方法を開示する。基地局は、傘下のUEに対して、キャリブレーション専用サブフレームを受信しないように設定する。この設定にDRXを用いる。基地局は、キャリブレーション専用サブフレームで、傘下のUEが受信しないようにDRXを構成する。基地局は、キャリブレーション専用サブフレームで、傘下のUEが非動作(in-activity)になるようにDRXを構成する。
実施の形態3では、キャリブレーション用のRSと、他のCHまたは他のRSとを、同一のサブフレーム内に配置することを開示した。本実施の形態では、その具体例を開示する。
実施の形態2,3,6では、アンテナ素子毎にキャリブレーション用のRSを用いてキャリブレーションを実行する場合について開示した。これらの実施の形態では、アンテナ素子の数が増加すると、cal-RSも増加する。したがって、全てのアンテナ素子のキャリブレーションを実行すると、各アンテナ素子の位相および振幅の調整時間が増加することになる。また、cal-RSが増加することによって、オーバーヘッドが増加する。これによって、実際の通信に使用できる下り物理領域が減ってしまい、本来期待する通信性能を確保することができないという問題が発生する。本実施の形態では、このような問題を解決する方法を開示する。
実施の形態8では、実施の形態2,3,6において多素子アンテナを構成する各アンテナ素子に、シンボルタイミングで全ての周波数領域にわたってマッピングされているcal-RSを部分的に間引いて配置する例を開示する。
Claims (8)
- 複数のアンテナ素子で構成される多素子アンテナを用いて、信号の送受信を行う基地局装置と通信端末装置とを備える通信システムであって、
前記基地局装置および前記通信端末装置のうち、少なくとも一方は、前記信号を送受信するときに前記アンテナ素子が形成するビームの位相および振幅のキャリブレーションを行うキャリブレーション部を備え、
前記キャリブレーション部は、前記複数のアンテナ素子間において、前記ビームの位相および振幅が同一になるように、各前記アンテナ素子における前記ビームの位相および振幅の補正値を求め、求めた補正値に基づいて前記キャリブレーションを行うことを特徴とする通信システム。 - 前記キャリブレーション部は、前記複数のアンテナ素子から、それぞれ、前記キャリブレーションのためのキャリブレーション用参照信号を送信するとき、前記キャリブレーション用参照信号を同一のサブフレームに配置することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の通信システム。
- 前記キャリブレーション部は、前記キャリブレーション用参照信号を、前記サブフレームの他の参照信号および物理チャネルが配置されていない位置に配置することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の通信システム。
- 前記キャリブレーション部は、送信するべきデータまたはスケジューリングするべきデータが無いサブフレームを、前記キャリブレーション用参照信号を配置するサブフレームに設定することを特徴とする請求項3に記載の通信システム。
- 前記キャリブレーション部は、前記キャリブレーション用参照信号を配置するサブフレームを設定可能とするように、前記データを送信するタイミングを制御することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の通信システム。
- 前記通信端末装置は、前記キャリブレーション用参照信号が配置されるサブフレームを受信しないように設定されることを特徴とする請求項2から5のいずれか1つに記載の通信システム。
- 前記キャリブレーション部は、前記複数のアンテナ素子をグループに分け、前記グループ毎に前記キャリブレーション用参照信号を設定することを特徴とする請求項2から5のいずれか1つに記載の通信システム。
- 前記キャリブレーション部は、前記キャリブレーション用参照信号を、前記サブフレームの全周波数領域の一部分に配置することを特徴とする請求項2から5のいずれか1つに記載の通信システム。
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