WO2016159341A1 - 摩擦材料 - Google Patents
摩擦材料 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016159341A1 WO2016159341A1 PCT/JP2016/060904 JP2016060904W WO2016159341A1 WO 2016159341 A1 WO2016159341 A1 WO 2016159341A1 JP 2016060904 W JP2016060904 W JP 2016060904W WO 2016159341 A1 WO2016159341 A1 WO 2016159341A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- mass
- friction material
- matrix
- friction
- less
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum disulfide Chemical compound S=[Mo]=S CWQXQMHSOZUFJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052982 molybdenum disulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten disulfide Chemical compound S=[W]=S ITRNXVSDJBHYNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910001634 calcium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- 150000004763 sulfides Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 3
- -1 oxides Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 43
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 16
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001159 Fisher's combined probability test Methods 0.000 description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910006501 ZrSiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007660 shear property test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K3/00—Materials not provided for elsewhere
- C09K3/14—Anti-slip materials; Abrasives
- C09K3/149—Antislip compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0005—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with at least one oxide and at least one of carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0207—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy
- C22C33/0228—Using a mixture of prealloyed powders or a master alloy comprising other non-metallic compounds or more than 5% of graphite
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
- F16D69/02—Composition of linings ; Methods of manufacturing
- F16D69/027—Compositions based on metals or inorganic oxides
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a friction material.
- ⁇ Friction materials with a high coefficient of friction are required due to the demand for smaller and lighter clutches and brakes.
- a friction material having a high friction coefficient a friction material containing copper as a metal component is known.
- a friction material in which Cu contained in a matrix is a main component and at least one selected from Sn, Zn, Ni, Fe and Co is added for example, see Patent Document 1).
- a friction material mainly composed of copper has high ductility. Therefore, when braking by a member such as a brake using such a friction material or intermittent interruption of engine drive transmission by a member such as a clutch, or when the braking or intermittent time is long, frictional heat is generated. High temperature tends to cause plastic flow of the friction material. When plastic flow occurs, there is a problem that the friction coefficient of the friction material decreases. In order to solve such a problem, it is known to produce a friction material through a process of sintering at a low temperature to suppress the occurrence of plastic flow of the friction material.
- the friction material mainly composed of copper flows into the river or the sea due to the above-mentioned braking or intermittent wear, and the copper that falls off the friction member flows into the river or sea.
- the present invention has been made in view of the background circumstances as described above, and is a friction material using a raw material powder having a low environmental load, and is joined by sintering with a friction member made of the friction material.
- One object is to provide a friction material having excellent adhesion to the intended member and a high coefficient of friction.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide a friction material having a high friction coefficient even when the temperature becomes high.
- the inventor conducted various studies on the friction material. As a result, the present inventor has excellent adhesion with a member intended to be joined by sintering with a friction member such as a metal back plate by devising the composition of the matrix in the friction material, and It has been clarified that a friction material having a high friction coefficient can be obtained even when the friction material becomes high temperature, for example, even in the above-described braking or intermittent state, and the present invention has been achieved.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) 40% by mass or more and 80% by mass or less of at least one matrix selected from the group consisting of metals, alloys, metal compounds and intermetallic compounds, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, At least one solid particle selected from the group consisting of carbide, nitride, oxide and sulfide of at least one element selected from the group consisting of W, Al, Mg and Si; And at least one lubricant selected from the group consisting of graphite, molybdenum disulfide, tungsten disulfide, boron nitride, and calcium fluoride, and a friction material comprising: As an element, Fe is 20% by mass to 50% by mass and 0.05% by mass to 5.0% by mass with respect to the total amount of the matrix.
- the friction material If, comprising at least a 40% or more 75 wt% or less of Ni, to the total amount of the matrix, the content of Cu as an element is not more than 15 wt%, the friction material.
- the ratio [(Fe + P) / Ni] of the content of Fe and P as elements to the content of Ni as elements in the matrix is 0.2 or more and 1.2 or less, (1) Friction material.
- the friction material according to (1) or (2), wherein the content of Cu as an element is 10% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the matrix.
- the matrix further includes, as elements, 0.5% by mass to 3% by mass of Si and 0.5% by mass to 15% by mass of Mn. That friction material.
- the friction material includes one to 20% by mass of at least one friction modifier selected from the group consisting of talc, mica, calcium carbonate, and coke. Friction material.
- the present invention is a friction material using a raw material powder having a low environmental load, and has excellent adhesion to a member intended to be joined by sintering with a friction member made of the friction material, and has a friction coefficient.
- a high friction material can be provided. Further, the present invention can provide a friction material having a high friction coefficient even when the temperature becomes high.
- the friction material of the present embodiment includes a matrix, solid particles (hereinafter referred to as “hard particles”), and a lubricant.
- the matrix of this embodiment is at least one selected from the group consisting of metals, alloys, metal compounds, and intermetallic compounds.
- the friction material of the present embodiment includes the matrix in an amount of 40% by mass to 80% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material.
- the matrix according to the present embodiment is 40% by mass or more, it is possible to prevent the hard particles and the lubricant from falling off during the above-described braking or intermittent operation, and it is possible to suppress a decrease in wear resistance.
- the matrix of the present embodiment is 80% by mass or less, the friction material can be prevented from becoming too dense, and the friction coefficient can be increased.
- the matrix of this embodiment contains at least Fe, P, and Ni as elements.
- the matrix contains Fe
- the friction characteristics of the friction material are improved.
- the matrix contains P
- the sinterability of the friction material is improved.
- the matrix contains Ni
- the mechanical strength of the friction material is improved.
- the matrix contains Fe in an amount of 20% by mass to 50% by mass, P in an amount of 0.05% by mass to 5.0% by mass, and Ni in an amount of 40% by mass to 75% by mass with respect to the total amount of the matrix. .
- the friction material is excellent in its friction characteristics and mechanical strength.
- the content of Fe as an element is 20% by mass or more with respect to the total amount of the matrix, the friction material is appropriately sparse and the friction coefficient is increased.
- the sinterability is improved and the mechanical strength of the friction material can be increased.
- the content of P as an element is 0.05% by mass or more with respect to the total amount of the matrix, it is possible to prevent the sinterability from decreasing and the mechanical strength of the friction material from decreasing.
- the content of P as an element is 5.0% by mass or less, the liquid phase oozes out from the friction material during sintering, and the friction material is prevented from being greatly deformed. If Ni is less than 40% by mass in the entire matrix, the strength of the friction material is reduced. If Ni is more than 75% by mass, the friction material becomes dense and the friction coefficient is reduced.
- the content of Fe as an element is preferably 20% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, more preferably 25% by mass or more and 35% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the matrix.
- the content of P as is preferably 0.1% by mass or more and 2% by mass or less, more preferably 0.15% by mass or more and 1% by mass or less, and the content of Ni as an element is 45% by mass. % To 65% by mass, and more preferably 45% to 55% by mass.
- the content of Cu as an element is 15% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the matrix.
- the content of Cu is 15% by mass or less, even if the temperature of the friction material increases, the friction coefficient is difficult to decrease. This is because the ductility of the friction material is reduced, and plastic flow is less likely to occur due to the heat generated during braking and interruption.
- the Cu content is preferably 10% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the ratio [Fe + P / Ni] of the content of Fe and P as elements to the content of Ni as elements in the matrix is 0.2 or more and 1.2 or less. If the ratio of the content of Fe and P to the content of Ni is 0.2 or more, the friction coefficient tends to increase, and if it is 1.2 or less, the mechanical strength of the friction material is improved. Tend to. From the same viewpoint, the ratio [Fe + P / Ni] is more preferably 0.5 or more and 1 or less, and further preferably 0.5 or more and 0.8 or less.
- the matrix of this embodiment further includes Si and Mn as elements.
- the matrix contains 0.5% to 3% by mass of Si and 0.5% to 15% by mass of Mn as elements with respect to the total amount of the matrix, Fe forms an oxide film. Is preferable. When an oxide film is formed, the wear resistance may be reduced. It is preferable that the Si content with respect to the total amount of the matrix is 0.5% by mass or more because an effect of suppressing the formation of an oxide film can be obtained more effectively and reliably. In addition, the friction coefficient tends to be further increased by increasing the size of the pores in the friction material.
- the content of Si as an element is more preferably 1% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less, and further preferably 2% by mass or more and 3% by mass or less, based on the total amount of the matrix, and Mn
- the content of is more preferably 3% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less, and further preferably 5% by mass or more and 8% by mass or less.
- the friction material according to the present embodiment includes, as hard particles, carbide, nitride of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Al, Mg, and Si.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of oxides and sulfides is contained in an amount of 5% by mass to 30% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material, it has a high coefficient of friction and is excellent in wear resistance.
- the content of hard particles is 15% by mass or more with respect to the total amount of the friction material, the wear resistance is improved.
- the content of hard particles is 70% by mass or less, the matrix or lubricant is relatively increased, so that the mechanical strength of the friction material is increased, and squeal and judder occur during braking and intermittent operation as described above. Can be suppressed.
- the content of the hard particles is preferably 10% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less, and more preferably 10% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the friction material.
- the hard particles are at least one selected from the group consisting of carbides, nitrides, oxides and sulfides of at least one element selected from the group consisting of Ti, Zr, W, Al, Mg and Si. And preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of carbides and oxides of these elements.
- Examples of the hard particles of the present embodiment include aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), zirconia (ZrO 2 ), silica (SiO 2 ), zircon sand (ZrSiO 4 ), rutile sand (TiO 2 ), and magnesium oxide (MgO). And tungsten carbide (WC).
- aluminum oxide, zircon sand and silica are preferable because they are more excellent in wear resistance.
- the friction material of this embodiment is a group consisting of graphite (C), molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ), tungsten disulfide (WS 2 ), boron nitride (BN), and calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) as a lubricant. It is preferable to contain at least one selected from 5 mass% to 40 mass% with respect to the total amount of the friction material. Thereby, the squeal and judder which arise at the time of said braking or intermittent can be suppressed.
- C graphite
- MoS 2 molybdenum disulfide
- WS 2 tungsten disulfide
- BN boron nitride
- CaF 2 calcium fluoride
- the lubricant content is 5% by mass or more with respect to the total amount of the friction material, squealing and judder can be suppressed, and if the lubricant content is 40% by mass or less, the friction coefficient is Can be increased.
- the content of the lubricant is more preferably 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and further preferably 15% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less.
- the friction material according to the present embodiment includes a friction modifier in an amount of 1% by mass to 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of the friction material, the friction coefficient during braking and intermittent operation and the mechanical strength of the friction material are included. Can be adjusted more effectively and reliably.
- the content of the friction modifier is more preferably 3% by mass or more and 15% by mass or less, and further preferably 3% by mass or more and 10% by mass or less.
- the friction modifier of this embodiment contains at least one selected from the group consisting of talc (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ), mica, calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), and coke (C), This is preferable because the coefficient of friction during braking and intermittent and the mechanical strength of the friction material can be adjusted more effectively and reliably.
- the composition ratio in the friction material of the present embodiment and the ratio of each element in the matrix can be obtained as follows.
- the surface of the friction material is polished, and the structure of the polished surface can be measured with an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS) or a wavelength dispersive X-ray analyzer (WDS) attached to a scanning electron microscope (SEM). it can.
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray analyzer
- WDS wavelength dispersive X-ray analyzer
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- the structure of the friction material can be enlarged 50 to 2000 times by SEM, and the composition ratio of the friction material can be obtained by EDS.
- the ratio of each element in the matrix can be determined by EDS so that the structure of the friction material is expanded 3000 times to 10000 times by SEM and no hard particles or lubricant is contained.
- the manufacturing method of the friction material of this embodiment is not particularly limited as long as the configuration of the friction material can be achieved.
- the manufacturing method of the friction material of this embodiment is: Step (A): 40% to 80% by weight of metal powder constituting the matrix, 5% to 30% by weight of hard particle powder, 5% to 40% by weight of lubricant powder, and optional components A step of blending 1% by mass to 20% by mass of the friction modifier powder (however, the total of these is 100% by mass); Step (B): a mixing step of mixing the blended raw material powders to prepare a mixture; Step (C): a molding step of molding the obtained mixture into a predetermined friction material shape to obtain a molded body; Step (D): a sintering step of stacking and sintering the molded body obtained in the step (C) and a bonding partner member (for example, a metal back plate) that holds the molded body; Step (E): a polishing step of polishing the surface of the sintered body that has undergone the step (D) to a predetermined size.
- the metal powder an alloy powder, a metal compound powder, or an inter
- the average particle size of the raw material powder used in the step (A) is measured by the Fisher method (Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer (FSSS)) described in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard B330.
- each process of the manufacturing method of the friction material of this embodiment has the following significance.
- the metal powder constituting the matrix is 40% by mass to 80% by mass
- the hard particle powder is 5% by mass to 30% by mass
- the lubricant powder is 5% by mass.
- Each composition can be adjusted by blending 1% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less of the friction modifier powder as necessary.
- an alloy powder, a metal compound powder, or an intermetallic compound powder may be used.
- Fe powder having an average particle diameter of 5 to 150 ⁇ m is 20% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less
- P powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 to 45 ⁇ m is 0.05% by mass or more based on the total amount of the matrix.
- Ni powder having an average particle size of 0.5 to 5.0 ⁇ m may be blended so as to be 40 mass% or more and 75 mass% or less.
- an iron group containing 85% by mass or more of Fe element produced by one or both of the carbonyl iron powder method and the atomizing (spraying) method Use of metal powder is more preferable because the mechanical strength of the friction material is further improved.
- iron-based metal powder produced by the carbonyl iron powder method include carbonyl iron powder composed of Fe element (100% by mass).
- Specific examples of the iron-based metal powder produced by the above atomizing method include phosphorus-containing iron powder composed of 0.3 to 15% by mass of P element and the remaining Fe element. Among these, phosphorus-containing iron powder composed of 0.5 to 10.0% by mass of P element and the remaining Fe element is more preferable.
- the Cu component of the metal powder used for manufacturing the friction material of the present embodiment for example, a metal powder made of Cu may be used.
- the Si component and the Mn component of the metal powder used for manufacturing the friction material of the present embodiment for example, a metal powder made of Si and a metal powder made of Mn may be used.
- a metal powder made of Si and a metal powder made of Mn may be used.
- the other Si component for example, a silicon-based metal powder composed of Si and other metal elements (the Si content is usually 80% by mass or more) may be used. In the present invention, Si is included in the metal.
- silicon-based metal powder containing 80% by mass or more of Si element include metal silicon powder composed of Si element, and ferrosilicon powder composed of 80% by mass or more of Si element and the remaining Fe element. be able to.
- step (B) the average particle diameter of each raw material powder can be adjusted, or a mixed powder having a predetermined composition can be mixed uniformly.
- step (C) the obtained mixture can be formed into a predetermined friction material shape.
- the molded body obtained through the step (C) and a joining partner member are stacked and sintered, so that the molded body Two effects of sintering and adhesion between the molded body and the joining partner member are obtained.
- the compact is densified and mechanical strength is increased by sintering at a temperature in the range of 750 to 1100 ° C. for 0.5 to 2 hours.
- the adhesiveness of a molded object and a joining other party member increases. It is preferable to use an Ar gas atmosphere at the time of sintering and to apply a pressure of 0.1 to 5 MPa to the compact because the wear resistance of the friction material is improved.
- step (E) the size of the sintered body can be adjusted by polishing the sintered body obtained through step (D).
- the friction material of the present embodiment is formed as a means for arbitrarily controlling the rotation or movement of various machines such as machine tools, construction machines, agricultural machines, automobiles, two-wheeled vehicles, railways, airplanes, and ships, so-called clutch or brake. It can be used as a material for members.
- the friction material of the present embodiment can use raw material powder that has a low environmental load, and therefore has a low environmental load. Furthermore, since the friction material of this embodiment is excellent in sinterability, it has excellent adhesion to a mating member such as a metal back plate and has a high coefficient of friction. Further, the friction material of the present embodiment has a high coefficient of friction even when the friction material becomes a high temperature during the above braking or intermittent operation. More specifically, the friction material of the present embodiment has a high friction coefficient equal to or higher than that of a conventional friction material mainly composed of copper.
- Table 1 shows the average particle diameter of each raw material powder.
- the average particle diameter of the raw material powder is measured by the Fisher method (Fisher Sub-Sieve Sizer (FSSS)) described in the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standard B330.
- the prepared raw material powders were weighed so as to have the blending compositions shown in Tables 2 and 3, and mixed with a mixer.
- the resulting mixture was molded into the shape of a brake pad.
- the obtained compact and the back plate on which the surface of the steel plate was copper-plated were superposed and pressure sintered at the sintering temperature and sintering pressure shown in Table 4. At this time, it was sintered for 1 hour in an Ar atmosphere.
- the friction material obtained by sintering was polished to adjust the dimensions, and a sample that was a brake-shaped friction material (friction member) was obtained.
- the matrix composition of the obtained sample was measured by EDX. The results are shown in Tables 5 and 6.
- Test apparatus Inertia friction tester moment of inertia: 12.25 kgm 2 Speed: 42m / s Surface pressure: 980kPa Test piece shape: 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 10 mm Brake start temperature: 350 ° C
- the friction coefficient of the invention product is 0.58 or more in all samples, and has a higher friction coefficient than the comparative product.
- Shear test The shear strength was measured by a method in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard “Automobile parts—brake shoe assembly and disc brake pad—shear test method” (JIS D4422). The shear test was performed at normal temperature (23 ° C.) and 300 ° C.
- the shear strength of the invention is 7 MPa or more for all samples at room temperature and 300 ° C. Further, it can be seen that the shear strength of the inventive product is generally higher than that of the comparative product, and the adhesion between the friction material and the back plate is excellent.
- Test apparatus Inertia friction tester moment of inertia: 12.25 kgm 2 Speed: 42m / s Surface pressure: 2000kPa Test piece shape: 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 10 mm Brake start temperature: 100 ° C or less
- the amount of wear of the inventive product is 0.45 mm or less in all samples, and the amount of wear is generally smaller than that of the comparative product and is excellent in wear resistance.
- the friction material of the present invention uses raw material powder that has a low environmental load, the friction material itself has a low environmental load.
- the friction material of the present invention has excellent adhesion to a mating member such as a back plate for holding a friction member using the friction material, and has a high coefficient of friction.
- the friction material of the present invention has a high coefficient of friction even when the friction material becomes high temperature during braking or intermittent operation. Therefore, industrial applicability is high in such a technical field.
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Abstract
Description
(1)金属、合金、金属化合物および金属間化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のマトリックス40質量%以上80質量%以下と、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al、MgおよびSiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素の炭化物、窒化物、酸化物および硫化物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の固体粒子5質量%以上30質量%以下と、黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン、二硫化タングステン、窒化ホウ素およびフッ化カルシウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の潤滑剤5質量%以上40質量%以下と、を含む摩擦材料であって、前記マトリックスは、元素として、前記マトリックスの全体量に対して、20質量%以上50質量%以下のFeと、0.05質量%以上5.0質量%以下のPと、40質量%以上75質量%以下のNiとを少なくとも含み、前記マトリックスの全体量に対する、元素としてのCuの含有量が15質量%以下である、摩擦材料。
(2)前記マトリックスにおける、元素としてのNiの含有量に対する元素としてのFeとPとの含有量の比[(Fe+P)/Ni]が、0.2以上1.2以下である、(1)の摩擦材料。
(3)元素としての前記Cuの含有量が、前記マトリックスの全体量に対して、10質量%以下である、(1)または(2)の摩擦材料。
(4)前記マトリックスは、元素として、0.5質量%以上3質量%以下のSiと、0.5質量%以上15質量%以下のMnとをさらに含む、(1)~(3)のいずれかの摩擦材料。
(5)前記固体粒子は、酸化アルミニウム、ジルコニア、シリカ、ジルコンサンド、ルチルサンド、酸化マグネシウムおよび炭化タングステンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる、(1)~(4)のいずれかの摩擦材料。
(6)前記摩擦材料は、タルク、マイカ、炭酸カルシウムおよびコークスからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の摩擦調整剤を1質量%以上20質量%以下含む、(1)~(5)のいずれかの摩擦材料。
工程(A):マトリックスを構成する金属粉末40質量%以上80質量%以下と、硬質粒子粉末5質量%以上30質量%以下と、潤滑剤粉末5質量%以上40質量%以下と、任意成分として摩擦調整剤粉末1質量%以上20質量%以下とを配合(ただし、これらの合計は100質量%である)する工程と、
工程(B):配合した原料粉末を混合し、混合物を準備する混合工程と、
工程(C):得られた混合物を所定の摩擦材料の形状に成形して成形体を得る成形工程と、
工程(D):前記工程(C)で得られた成形体と、その成形体を保持する接合相手部材(例えば、金属製の裏板)とを重ねて焼結する焼結工程と、
工程(E):上記工程(D)を経た焼結体の表面を所定の寸法に研磨する研磨工程とを含む。上記金属粉末に代えて、合金粉末、金属化合物粉末、または金属間化合物粉末を用いてもよい。
工程(A)では本実施形態の摩擦材料の原料粉末として、マトリックスを構成する金属粉末40質量%以上80質量%以下と、硬質粒子粉末5質量%以上30質量%以下と、潤滑剤粉末5質量%以上40質量%以下と、必要に応じて、摩擦調整剤粉末1質量%以上20質量%以下とを配合することにより、各組成を調整することができる。上記金属粉末に代えて、合金粉末、金属化合物粉末、または金属間化合物粉末を用いてもよい。
試験装置:慣性式摩擦試験機
慣性モーメント:12.25kgm2
速度:42m/s
面圧:980kPa
試験片形状:25mm×25mm×10mm
ブレーキ開始温度:350℃
せん断強さは、日本工業規格「自動車部品―ブレーキシューアッセンブリ及びディスクブレーキパッド―せん断試験方法」(JISD4422)に準拠する方法で測定した。せん断試験は、常温(23℃)および300℃の温度で行った。
試験装置: 慣性式摩擦試験機
慣性モーメント:12.25kgm2
速度:42m/s
面圧:2000kPa
試験片形状:25mm×25mm×10mm
ブレーキ開始温度:100℃以下
Claims (6)
- 金属、合金、金属化合物および金属間化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種のマトリックス40質量%以上80質量%以下と、Ti、Zr、Hf、V、Nb、Ta、Cr、Mo、W、Al、MgおよびSiからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の元素の炭化物、窒化物、酸化物および硫化物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の固体粒子5質量%以上30質量%以下と、黒鉛、二硫化モリブデン、二硫化タングステン、窒化ホウ素およびフッ化カルシウムからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の潤滑剤5質量%以上40質量%以下と、を含む摩擦材料であって、
前記マトリックスは、元素として、前記マトリックスの全体量に対して、20質量%以上50質量%以下のFeと、0.05質量%以上5.0質量%以下のPと、40質量%以上75質量%以下のNiとを少なくとも含み、
前記マトリックスの全体量に対する、元素としてのCuの含有量が15質量%以下である、摩擦材料。 - 前記マトリックスにおける、元素としてのNiの含有量に対する元素としてのFeとPとの含有量の比[(Fe+P)/Ni]が、0.2以上1.2以下である、請求項1に記載の摩擦材料。
- 元素としての前記Cuの含有量が、前記マトリックスの全体量に対して、10質量%以下である、請求項1または2に記載の摩擦材料。
- 前記マトリックスは、元素として、0.5質量%以上3質量%以下のSiと、0.5質量%以上15質量%以下のMnとをさらに含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材料。
- 前記固体粒子は、酸化アルミニウム、ジルコニア、シリカ、ジルコンサンド、ルチルサンド、酸化マグネシウムおよび炭化タングステンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種からなる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材料。
- 前記摩擦材料は、タルク、マイカ、炭酸カルシウムおよびコークスからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種の摩擦調整剤を1質量%以上20質量%以下含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の摩擦材料。
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