WO2016136727A1 - 認知症の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬 - Google Patents
認知症の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016136727A1 WO2016136727A1 PCT/JP2016/055226 JP2016055226W WO2016136727A1 WO 2016136727 A1 WO2016136727 A1 WO 2016136727A1 JP 2016055226 W JP2016055226 W JP 2016055226W WO 2016136727 A1 WO2016136727 A1 WO 2016136727A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- group
- carbon atoms
- atom
- alkyl
- cyano
- Prior art date
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/495—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with two or more nitrogen atoms as the only ring heteroatoms, e.g. piperazine or tetrazines
- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
- A61K31/519—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/40—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil
- A61K31/403—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. sulpiride, succinimide, tolmetin, buflomedil condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. carbazole
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/4164—1,3-Diazoles
- A61K31/4184—1,3-Diazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings, e.g. benzimidazoles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/42—Oxazoles
- A61K31/423—Oxazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
- A61K31/425—Thiazoles
- A61K31/428—Thiazoles condensed with carbocyclic rings
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4355—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having oxygen as a ring hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/4365—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system having sulfur as a ring hetero atom, e.g. ticlopidine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/4353—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems
- A61K31/437—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom ortho- or peri-condensed with heterocyclic ring systems the heterocyclic ring system containing a five-membered ring having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. indolizine, beta-carboline
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P25/00—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
- A61P25/28—Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating neurodegenerative disorders of the central nervous system, e.g. nootropic agents, cognition enhancers, drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a medicament for preventing and / or treating dementia.
- Alzheimer-type dementia which has many patients and is difficult to counter, is a problem.
- Neurofibrillary tangles and increased senile plaques in the brain are thought to cause Alzheimer's dementia.
- the limbic system plays an important role in memory, and in particular, the hippocampus and papillary body are important organs that control memory.
- acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine, and memantine, an NMDA receptor antagonist, have been used clinically for the improvement of symptoms of Alzheimer's dementia. The effect has not been obtained.
- Alzheimer-type dementia include amyloid vaccine AN1792 (Elan Pharmaceutical), HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors atorvastatin (Pfizer) and simvastatin (Merck), and antihistamine dimebon (Dimebon, Pfizer), NSAIDs, tarenflurbil (Mariad), acetylcholinesterase inhibitor phenserine (Phenserine, Axonyx), PPAR ⁇ agonist rosiglitazone (rosiglitazone, GlaxoSmithKline), amyloid ⁇ polymerization inhibitor Tramiprosate (Neurochem), zaliproden (Sanofi), a serotonin 1A receptor agonist, bapineuzumab (Bapineuzumab, an antibody to the N-terminus of ⁇ -amyloid) Clinical trials such as solanezumab (Solanezumab, Eli Lilly), a monoclonal antibody whose epitope is the central part
- LuAE58054 Lilly
- serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonist a serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonist
- Heart failure (Claim 6), stable angina (Claim 8), ischemic reperfusion injury (Claim 10), sickle cell disease (Claim 12), heart failure, skeletal muscle weakness and respiratory failure (Claim) 17), atherosclerosis (Claim 20), Parkinson's disease (Claim 22), diabetes-related leg pain (Claim 27), ALS (Claim 29), asthma (Claim 31) Since the treatment use for the disease is described, it is equivalent to saying that it is effective for Alzheimer's disease as one of the universal effects of the active oxygen producing enzyme inhibitor.
- both the ecdysone receptor EcR and the retinoid X receptor for increasing its sensitivity are stably added to the F11 cell line, which is a fusion cell of rat primary cultured neurons and mouse neuroblastoma.
- a neuronal cell transformed with a plasmid that expresses the N141I mutant of presenilin 2 which is a mutant causing the familial Alzheimer's disease of presenilin 2 which is a catalytic subunit of ⁇ -secretase by addition of ecdysone is prepared.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-201255 the suppression of neuronal cell death is not observed with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor alone, and thus cannot be said to be the effect of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor alone.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-201255 since the description in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-201255 is only a result of examination at the cell level, it is completely unknown whether or not it is possible to prevent or improve neuronal degeneration or reduction in an animal individual.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-201255 it is not possible to confirm that degeneration of a site involved in brain cognitive function or prevention of actual cognitive function can be prevented. It is completely unknown whether dementia can be prevented and / or treated.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a medicament for preventing and / or treating dementia.
- the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease is the pathological findings of excessive accumulation of amyloid senile plaques with amyloid ⁇ peptide (A ⁇ ) as a core protein in the brain, and tau protein, one of the microtubule-binding proteins. Both of the pathological findings in which a large number of neurofibrils having a core protein as a core protein appear are regarded as most important pathologically. Based on this pathological finding, a gene with a Swedish mutation in the gene encoding 695 amino acids of the amyloid ⁇ (A ⁇ ) precursor protein of human Alzheimer's disease and the 301st proline of the human tau protein gene were mutated to leucine.
- a genetically engineered double transgenic mouse that highly expresses both human genes with the mutant gene of (P301L) has been developed.
- This Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mouse has a histopathological image of human senile plaques and human neurofibrillary tangles that never appear in normal mice.
- the present inventors use this Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mouse, which is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor generally considered to be useful for treatment of hyperuricemia.
- the compound represented by the general formula (I) was administered to an Alzheimer's disease model mouse for 1 year after birth and histologically examined, it was surprisingly found that this compound is an Alzheimer's disease model double trans. It was found that the appearance of both senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles was significantly suppressed in the transgenic mice. Based on this finding, the present inventors have completed the present invention by confirming that the above compounds are useful as an active ingredient of a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of dementia.
- the present invention includes the following inventions.
- a compound represented by the following general formula (A), a tautomer, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound or a crystal or solvate thereof as an active ingredient A medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of dementia.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, OR 4 , CO 2 R 5 , S (O) n R 6 , or hydrogen
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, or a C 1-8 alkyl group optionally having a group or atom selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, or a cyano group as a substituent
- Aralkyl groups aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl moiety having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- arylcarbonyl groups aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms
- aralkyl carbon number 6-10 aryl moiety, the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl carbonyl moiety 2-5) carbonyl group represents a or an aryl group having 6 to
- R 8 , R 9 and R 10 represent the same as R 5 described above, and m represents the same as n described above.
- Z 1 is a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom
- R 1 is OR 4
- R 4 may have a group or atom selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, or a cyano group as a substituent.
- (1) a good alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms
- a hydrogen atom or a hydrogen atom.
- R 2 is a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group, a medicament according to any one of the above [A1] ⁇ [A3].
- [A5] The medicament according to [A4] above, wherein R 2 is a cyano group.
- [A6] Z 2 is a carbon atom, Z 3 is a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, a pharmaceutical according to any one of the above [A1] ⁇ [A5].
- L 1 is an alkyl group or a heteroaryl group having a carbon number of 4-9 with 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- L 2 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms
- the pharmaceutical according to any one of.
- L 1 is a phenyl group, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl group, 3-pyridazinyl group, 4-pyridazinyl group, 2-pyrimidinyl group, 4-pyrimidinyl group, or 5-pyrimidinyl group
- L 2 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group, or L 1 and L 2 are bonded to each other, and together with the five-membered ring to which they are bonded, thiazolo [5 , 4-d] pyrimidine, oxazolo [5,4-d] pyrimidine, 7H-pyrrolo [3,2-d] pyrimidine, 9H-purine, thiazolo [4,5-d] pyridazine, oxazolo [4,5-d Pyridazine, 7H-imidazo [4,5-d] pyridazine, thi
- X is a sulfur atom
- Z 2 and Z 3 are both carbon atoms
- L 1 and L 2 are combined to form thiazolo [5,4-d] pyrimidine
- oxazolo [5,4-d ] May form a bicyclic heteroaryl ring selected from pyrimidine, 7H-pyrrolo [3,2-d] pyrimidine, or 9H-purine, and the bicyclic heteroaryl ring is substituted with a hydroxyl group
- the medicament according to any one of the above [A1] to [A10], which may be included.
- a tautomer, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a crystal or solvate thereof use.
- [A14] A method for preventing and / or treating dementia in humans, wherein the method is a general formula (A) according to any one of the above [A1] to [A11] in an effective amount for prevention and / or treatment.
- a method comprising administering to a human a represented compound, a tautomer, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or crystal or solvate thereof of the compound.
- [A15] The above for suppressing the increase in the number of large senile plaques or medium-sized senile plaques or the number of neurons having neurofibrillary tangles and / or for producing a medicament for reducing the number [ A1] to [A11]
- a compound represented by the general formula (I), a tautomer, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a crystal or solvent thereof Use of Japanese products.
- [A16] The medicament, use, or method according to any one of [A1] to [A15] above, wherein the dementia is Alzheimer's dementia.
- a compound represented by the following general formula (I), a tautomer, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound or a crystal or solvate thereof as an active ingredient A medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of dementia.
- R 1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, —OR 4 , —CO 2 R 5 , or —S (O) n R It represents 6, wherein, R 4 is a hydrogen atom, or a halogen atom as a substituent, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, or a group or atom carbon atoms, which may have 1-8 alkyl groups selected from cyano group, Aralkyl groups (aryl moiety has 6 to 10 carbon atoms, alkyl moiety having 1 to 4 carbon atoms), alkyl carbonyl groups having 2 to 9 carbon atoms, arylcarbonyl
- R 2 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, a formyl group, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms, or CO 2 R 7 , where R 7 is the same as R 5 above, R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, CO 2 R 8 , PO 3 H, PO (OH) (OR 9 ), S (O) m R 10 , or a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, nitro as a substituent.
- Y and Z represent CR 12 or a nitrogen atom, wherein R 12 represents the same as R 3 described above.
- R 1 is OR 4, medicament according to the [B1].
- R 4 may have a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, or a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms
- R 1 is an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a phenoxy group which may have a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, or a cyano group.
- R 1 is an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a phenoxy group which may have a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, or a cyano group
- R 2 is A nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group
- X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- Y and Z are both The medicament according to any one of the above [B1] to [B8], which is a nitrogen atom.
- R 1 is an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a phenoxy group
- R 2 is a cyano group
- R 3 is a hydroxyl group
- X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- both Y and Z are The medicament according to any one of the above [B1] to [B9], which is a nitrogen atom.
- [B12] A compound represented by the general formula (I) according to any one of the above [B1] to [B10] for the manufacture of a medicament according to any one of the above [B1] to [B11], Use of tautomers, stereoisomers or pharmaceutically acceptable salts of the compounds or crystals or solvates thereof.
- [B13] A compound represented by the general formula (I) according to any one of [B1] to [B11] above for prevention and / or treatment of dementia, a tautomer, stereoisomerism of the compound Or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or crystal or solvate thereof.
- [B14] A method for preventing and / or treating dementia in humans, wherein the method is a general formula (I) according to any one of the above [B1] to [B11] in an effective amount for prevention and / or treatment.
- a method comprising administering to a human a represented compound, a tautomer, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or crystal or solvate thereof of the compound.
- [B15] For suppressing the increase in the number of large senile plaques or medium-sized senile plaques or the number of nerve cells having neurofibrillary tangles and / or for producing a medicament for reducing the number [ B1] to [B11], a compound represented by the general formula (I), a tautomer, stereoisomer, or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the compound, or a crystal or solvent thereof Use of Japanese products.
- the medicament of the present invention can remarkably suppress the appearance of both senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, it is useful as a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of Alzheimer-type dementia.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic diagram showing a drug administration protocol to an Alzheimer disease model mouse.
- the administration method of the Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mouse was designed in consideration of an actual human clinical trial method in which Alzheimer's disease develops and administration of the therapeutic agent is started with a clinically confirmed diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. That is, follow-up is performed until the age of 1 year of age, and from the age of 1 year of age when Alzheimer's disease developed histopathologically, Compound A treatment group was administered 5 mg / kg of Compound A using a stomach tube. It was orally administered every day. In the 0.5% methylcellulose control group, only 0.5% methylcellulose was orally administered every day using a stomach tube for 10 mL (10 mL / kg) per kg of mouse body weight.
- mice were euthanized at the age of 730-745 days after administration for about 1 year, and organ tissue sampling was performed. It is the figure which showed the histopathological image of the central nervous system of Alzheimer's disease (Alzheimer) disease.
- the left figure shows the pathology of human Alzheimer's disease, and the right figure shows the Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mouse.
- Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles which are neuropathologically identical, are caused by changes in senile plaque (Senile Plaque) ⁇ and neurofibrillary tangle, which are neuropathological hallmarks of human Alzheimer's disease Are also observed in Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice (right figure).
- Senile plaques are detected with anti-amyloid ⁇ -protein (1-40) mouse monoclonal antibody (clone No. BA27) and anti-amyloid ⁇ -protein (1-42) mouse monoclonal antibody (clone No. BC05). did. Neurofibrillary tangles were detected with an anti-phosphorylated tau protein (PHF-tau) mouse monoclonal antibody (clone: AT8). It is the figure which showed the scheme of the evaluation method of a drug treatment effect.
- PHF-tau anti-phosphorylated tau protein
- the number of senile plaques was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of amyloid ⁇ protein of A ⁇ 40 and A ⁇ 42 in addition to HE staining.
- the number of neurons that caused neurofibrillary tangle changes was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of AT8 (phosphorylated tau protein). It is the figure which showed the evaluation method of the magnitude
- the evaluation method for the size of senile plaques is: large senile plaques (large SP) with a senile plaque diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more, small senile plaques (small SP) with a diameter of 50 ⁇ m or less, senile plaque diameters of 50 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m
- the senile plaques that were in the middle were classified into medium senile plaques (medium SP), and the number of each was measured.
- FIG. 5 shows the results of HE staining, A ⁇ 40 immunostaining, and A ⁇ 42 immunostaining in the hippocampus of a 0.5% methylcellulose (Placebo) administration control group. The position of senile plaque is indicated by an arrow.
- the size of senile plaques is large senile plaques (large SP) with a senile plaque diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more, small senile plaques (small SP) with a diameter of 50 ⁇ m or less, and the diameter of senile plaques between 50 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m.
- the senile plaques were classified as medium senile plaques (medium SP).
- Compound A large SP indicates the number of large senile plaques in the group administered Compound A
- Control Large SP indicates the number of large senile plaques in the group administered with placebo
- SP in Compound A Is the number of medium-sized senile plaques in the group receiving Compound A
- SP during control is the number of medium-sized senile plaques in the group receiving placebo
- compound A small SP is the small elderly in the group receiving Compound A
- Control small SP indicates the number of small senile plaques in the group administered with placebo, respectively.
- FIG. 4 is a view showing the results of AT8 immunostaining in the amygdala and hypothalamus in the compound A administration group. Left: A weakly enlarged image of the amygdala and hypothalamus. Right: Strongly magnified images of the amygdala and hypothalamus. Nerve cells with AT8 immunostaining positive neurofibrillary tangles are found in the amygdala and hypothalamus, but the number of AT8 immunostaining positive cells in the compound A administration group is smaller than in the control group.
- the alkyl part of the alkyl group or a substituent containing an alkyl part may be linear, branched, cyclic, or a combination thereof.
- an alkyl group represented by L 1 and L 2 are each an alkyl group represented by R 1, an alkyl group substituted with 1-3 halogen atoms represented by R 1, an alkyl group represented by R 4, R 4 An alkyl moiety of the alkylcarbonyl group represented by R 5 , an alkyl group represented by R 5 or R 6 , an alkyl group represented by R 2 , an alkyl group substituted with 1 to 3 halogen atoms represented by R 2 , an alkyl group represented by R 3
- an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms can be used.
- alkyl group or alkyl moiety having 1 to 8 carbon atoms examples include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n- Pentyl group, isopentyl group, 2-methylbutyl group, 1-methylbutyl group, neopentyl group, 1,2-dimethylpropyl group, 1-ethylpropyl group, n-hexyl group, 4-methylpentyl group, 3-methylpentyl group, In addition to n-heptyl group, n-octyl group, and the like, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl group of cyclohexyl, cyclopropylmethyl group, cyclopropylbutyl group and the like are exemplified
- alkenyl group represented by L 1 and L 2 an alkenyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms can be used.
- the alkenyl group may contain one or more double bonds and may be any isomer when geometric isomerism occurs.
- alkenyl groups include vinyl, prop-1-en-1-yl, allyl, isopropenyl, but-1-en-1-yl, but-2-en-1-yl, but -3-en-1-yl group, 2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl group, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yl group, penta-1-en-1-yl group, penta-2 -En-1-yl group, penta-3-en-1-yl group, penta-4-en-1-yl group, 3-methylbut-2-en-1-yl group, 3-methylbut-3-ene -1-yl group, hexa-1-en-1-yl group, hexa-2-en-1-yl group, hexa-3-en-1-yl group, hexa-4-en-1-yl group, Hex-5-en-1-yl group, 2-cyclopropen-1-yl group, 2-cyclobuten-1-yl group, 2 Cyclopenten-1-yl group, 3-
- an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms can be used as the alkoxy group represented by L 1 and L 2 .
- the alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an isopropoxy group, an n-butoxy group, an isobutoxy group, a sec-butoxy group, a tert-butoxy group, an n-pentyloxy group, and an isopentyloxy group.
- the alkyl part of the aralkyl group represented by R 4 , the alkyl part of the aralkyl carboni group represented by R 4 , and the alkyl part of the aralkyl group represented by R 5 or R 6 include an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the alkyl group or alkyl moiety having 1 to 4 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, and tert-butyl group. Although it is mentioned, it is not limited to these.
- halogen atom a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom can be used.
- halogen atom a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom
- it may be a combination of two or more halogen atoms.
- Examples of the alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms represented by R 1 or R 2 include, for example, a fluoromethyl group, a difluoromethyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, a chloromethyl group, and dichloromethyl.
- Group, trichloromethyl group, bromomethyl group, dibromomethyl group, tribromomethyl group, iodomethyl group, diiodomethyl group, triiodomethyl group, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group However, it is not limited to these.
- an alkyl group represented by R 4 may have a specific substituent for a certain functional group
- the functional group is unsubstituted or chemically possible. It means having one or more specific substituents at any position.
- the number and position of the substituents present in the functional group are not particularly limited, and when two or more substituents are present, they may be the same or different.
- an aralkyl group or an aralkyl part of an aralkylcarbonyl group containing an aralkyl moiety means an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted by one or more aryl groups, preferably one An alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms substituted by an aryl group.
- the aryl group or the aryl moiety constituting the aralkyl group, arylcarbonyl group, or aralkylcarbonyl group containing an aryl moiety is a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon having 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Groups can be used. Examples of the aryl group or aryl moiety include a phenyl group, a 1-naphthyl group, a 2-naphthyl group, an anthryl group, a phenanthryl group, and an acenaphthylenyl group.
- aralkyl group examples include benzyl group, 1-naphthylmethyl group, 2-naphthylmethyl group, anthracenylmethyl group, phenanthrenylmethyl group, acenaphthylenylmethyl group, diphenylmethyl group, 1-phenethyl group.
- 2-phenethyl group 1- (1-naphthyl) ethyl group, 1- (2-naphthyl) ethyl group, 2- (1-naphthyl) ethyl group, 2- (2-naphthyl) ethyl group, 3-phenylpropyl Group, 3- (1-naphthyl) propyl group, 3- (2-naphthyl) propyl group, 4-phenylbutyl group, 4- (1-naphthyl) butyl group, 4- (2-naphthyl) butyl group, etc. It can be mentioned, but is not limited to these.
- the aryl group or the aryl moiety may have a substituent.
- substituents include a halogen atom, an oxo group, a thioxo group, a nitro group, a nitroso group, a cyano group, an isocyano group, a cyanato group, a thiocyanato group, an isocyanato group, an isothiocyanato group, and a hydroxy group.
- Sulfanyl group carboxy group, sulfanylcarbonyl group, oxalo group, mesooxalo group, thiocarboxy group, dithiocarboxy group, carbamoyl group, thiocarbamoyl group, sulfo group, sulfamoyl group, sulfino group, sulfinamoyl group, sulfeno group, sulfenamoyl group, Phosphono group, hydroxyphosphonyl group, hydrocarbon group, heterocyclic group, hydrocarbon-oxy group, heterocyclic-oxy group, hydrocarbon-sulfanyl group, heterocyclic-sulfanyl group, acyl group, amino group, hydrazino group, hydrazono Group, dia Zenyl group, ureido group, thioureido group, guanidino group, carbamoimidoyl group (amidino group), azido group,
- the heteroaryl group having 4 to 9 carbon atoms represented by each of L 1 and L 2 includes at least a hetero atom selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, and a nitrogen atom as a ring atom.
- a monocyclic or condensed polycyclic heteroaryl group containing one can be used. When two or more ring-constituting heteroatoms are contained, they may be the same or different.
- Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl groups include 2-furyl group, 3-furyl group, 2-thienyl group, 3-thienyl group, 1-pyrrolyl group, 2-pyrrolyl group, 3-pyrrolyl group, 2-oxazolyl group.
- Examples of the condensed polycyclic heteroaryl group include 2-benzofuranyl group, 3-benzofuranyl group, 4-benzofuranyl group, 5-benzofuranyl group, 6-benzofuranyl group, 7-benzofuranyl group, 1-isobenzofuranyl group, 4-isobenzofuranyl group, 5-isobenzofuranyl group, 2-benzo [b] thienyl group, 3-benzo [b] thienyl group, 4-benzo [b] thienyl group, 5-benzo [b] thienyl Group, 6-benzo [b] thienyl group, 7-benzo [b] thienyl group, 1-benzo [c] thienyl group, 4-benzo [c] thienyl group, 5-benzo [c] thienyl group, 1-indolyl Group, 1-indolyl group, 2-indolyl group, 3-indolyl group, 4-indolyl group, 5-ind
- R 1 is preferably OR 4 , and in this case, R 4 is composed of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, or a cyano group. More preferably, it is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms which may have a substituent selected from the group, or R 4 is an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, and a cyano group, or R 1 is a phenoxy group. Is more preferable.
- R 1 is preferably a methoxy group or a phenoxy group.
- R 1 is preferably an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R 1 is particularly preferably an isobutoxy group.
- R 2 is preferably a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or CO 2 R 7 , and R 2 is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or a carboxyl group. Is more preferable. R 2 is particularly preferably a cyano group.
- Z 2 is preferably a carbon atom, and in this case, L 1 is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or a heteroaryl group having 4 to 9 carbon atoms. L 1 is more preferably a methyl group or a 4-pyridyl group.
- X is a sulfur atom or a nitrogen atom.
- Z 3 is preferably a carbon atom and L 2 is preferably a carboxyl group, and when X is a nitrogen atom, Z 3 may be —NH—. preferable.
- L 1 and L 2 are bonded to each other, and together with the 5-membered ring to which they are bonded, a bicyclic hetero It is preferable to form an aryl ring.
- the ring formed by bonding L 1 and L 2 to each other (excluding the 5-membered ring to which they are bonded) is preferably a 6-membered ring, and more preferably contains 1 or 2 heteroatoms. . More preferred is the case containing two nitrogen atoms, and particularly preferred is the case where a bicyclic heteroaryl ring in the above general formula (I) is formed.
- R 1 is preferably OR 4 , and in this case, R 4 has a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, or a cyano group. More preferably, it is an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or R 4 is an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms which may have a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, and a cyano group, or R 1 is a phenoxy group. Is more preferable.
- R 2 is preferably a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or CO 2 R 7 , and R 2 is a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or a carboxyl group. Is more preferable. R 2 is particularly preferably a cyano group.
- R 3 is preferably a hydrogen atom, amino group, hydroxyl group, halogen atom, or CO 2 R 8 , and R 3 is a hydrogen atom, amino group, hydroxyl group, halogen atom, or carboxyl. More preferably, it is a group.
- X is preferably an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- Y and Z are preferably nitrogen atoms.
- R 1 may have a substituent selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a nitro group, or a cyano group, or an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a phenoxy group
- R 2 is a nitro group, a cyano group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, or a carboxyl group
- X is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom.
- R 1 is an alkoxy group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a phenoxy group
- R 2 is a cyano group
- R 3 is a hydroxyl group
- X is Most preferred is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom
- both Y and Z are nitrogen atoms.
- a salt form substance may be used in addition to a free form compound represented by the general formula (A) or the general formula (I).
- the type of salt is not particularly limited, and any salt can be used as long as it is physiologically acceptable.
- the salt include alkali metal salts with sodium, potassium, etc .; alkaline earth metal salts with calcium, magnesium, etc .; organic amine salts with methylamine, ethylamine, diethanolamine, etc., or hydrochlorides, sulfates, nitrates And the like, and organic acid salts such as p-toluenesulfonate, maleate, and tartrate, but are not limited thereto.
- any solvate of the compound represented by the general formula (A) or the general formula (I) or a salt thereof may be used.
- the kind of solvent which forms a solvate is not specifically limited, For example, water (namely, hydrate), ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, etc. can be illustrated.
- the compound represented by formula (A) or formula (I) may exist as an isomer such as an optical isomer, a diastereoisomer, or a tautomer depending on the type of substituent.
- any mixture of isomers can be used as the active ingredient of the medicament of the present invention.
- a crystalline substance having an arbitrary property, an amorphous substance, or an arbitrary mixture of a crystalline substance and an amorphous substance can be used.
- the method for obtaining the compound represented by the general formula (A) or the general formula (I) is not particularly limited.
- International Publication WO2003 / 42185, International Publication WO2005 / 121153, International Publication WO2007 / 4688, Patent No. 3600832 According to the methods disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3797725, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2005-41802, Japanese Patent No. 2725886, Japanese Patent No. 2706037, Japanese Patent No. 3202607, etc., it can be synthesized from readily available starting compounds.
- the entire disclosure of the above patent publication is incorporated herein by reference.
- the medicament of the present invention can be used as a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of dementia.
- prevention and / or treatment of dementia includes preventing progression of dementia that has already developed.
- dementia to which the medicament of the present invention is applied include Alzheimer type dementia.
- the medicament of the present invention includes senile dementia, mild cognitive impairment, mild cognitive impairment, age-related memory impairment (AAMI), senile dementia, AIDS dementia, Pick's disease, Down syndrome related dementia, brain It can also be applied to dementia selected from the group consisting of vascular dementia, memory impairment due to aging, learning impairment, hippocampal degeneration, cognitive impairment, and microinfarct dementia.
- the provision target of the medicine of the present invention is not limited to these, and for an early patient or a patient before onset diagnosed by a skilled doctor as suspected of having dementia or having the possibility of developing dementia. Even can be applied.
- the medicament of the present invention is generally provided in the form of a pharmaceutical composition using one or more additives for pharmaceutical preparations generally used in the art.
- pharmaceutical compositions for oral administration such as capsules, tablets, syrups, powders, granules, fine granules, or solutions, injections or drops for intravenous administration, intramuscular or subcutaneous administration
- the present invention is not limited to these forms.
- the pharmaceutical of the present invention can be prepared by a method well known to those skilled in the art by appropriately selecting additives for formulation according to the form of the pharmaceutical composition.
- the administration method and timing of the medicament of the present invention are not particularly limited, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose of prevention or treatment, the severity of dementia, and the like.
- the dosage of the medicament of the present invention is appropriately selected in consideration of various factors such as the age, weight, constitution, and symptoms of the patient and the presence or absence of administration of a medicament containing other ingredients as an active ingredient. be able to.
- Example 1 Materials and Methods 5- (7-Hydroxythiazolo [5,4-d] pyrimidin-2-yl) -2-phenoxy-benzonitrile (patented) as a compound having a strong inhibitory effect on xanthine oxidoreductase
- the compound described in claim 1 of No. 4914210 was 2- (3-cyano-4-phenoxyphenyl) -4-hydroxythiazolo [5.4-d] pyrimidine: hereinafter referred to as compound A).
- Compound A concentration adjustment and dosage / administration method were performed as follows. As a base, 0.5% methylcellulose was prepared. To adjust the compound A administration drug, a 10-fold concentration stock solution was once prepared when compound A was dissolved in 0.5% methylcellulose as a solvent in order to avoid measurement errors and a decrease in drug efficacy of a minute amount of drug. That is, after compound A was ground in a smoked mortar, a small amount of 0.5% methylcellulose was added and suspended. Thereafter, a small amount of 0.5% methylcellulose was gradually added to completely suspend and dissolve.
- the concentration at which 5 mg of Compound A is suspended and dissolved in 10 mL of 0.5% methylcellulose, i.e., 5 mg of Compound A mg / 10 mL) of a test solution was prepared, and 5 mg (5 mg / kg) of Compound A per kg of mouse body weight was orally administered once a day.
- a placebo only 0.5% methylcellulose as a solvent was orally administered once a day in an amount of 10 mL (10 mL / kg) per 1 kg body weight of a mouse, that is, an equivalent volume of a solvent of a drug-administered mouse.
- the volume was accurately measured with a plastic syringe, and a gastric sonde for mice was directly connected to the plastic syringe, which was reliably administered orally and transesophageally.
- Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mouse (purchased from Taconic Farms, Inc., Hudson, NY, USA).
- the Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mouse is bred under SPF (specific pathogen free) and can survive for about 2 years.
- organs such as cerebrum, cerebellum, brain stem, spinal cord, etc. were embedded in paraffin and sliced with a microtome.
- the treatment of the organ tissue was performed by the following six steps of organ tissue fixation, dehydration, deethanol, paraffin infiltration, paraffin embedding, and paraffin section preparation.
- Organ tissues were fixed by infiltration with 4% paraformaldehyde / 0.1 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.3). 2) The organ tissue was dehydrated by washing 3 times with phosphate buffered saline (PBS). After washing overnight with running tap water, 70% ethanol for 12 hours at room temperature, 80% ethanol for 12 hours at room temperature, 90% ethanol for 12 hours at room temperature, 99.5% ethanol for 12 hours at room temperature, once more The tissue was infiltrated with 99.5% ethanol for 12 hours at room temperature, 100% ethanol for 12 hours at room temperature, and absolute ethanol for 12 hours at room temperature to completely replace the water in the organ tissue with ethanol.
- PBS phosphate buffered saline
- the mouse cerebrum was observed from the bottom to confirm the papillary body.
- the double-edged blade was cut into two single-edged blades.
- the first coronal fracture face was prepared in the central part of the cerebral papillary body of the Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mouse.
- a cerebral coronal split surface having a thickness of about 2 mm was continuously cut out from the papillary coronal split surface in both rostral and caudal directions.
- the first cleavage plane was prepared on a cleavage plane that includes the left and right trigeminal nerves of the bridge and is perpendicular to the long axis of the brainstem.
- a brain stem cerebellar fracture plane with a thickness of about 2 mm was cut continuously in both rostral and caudal directions.
- Histochemical staining and immunohistochemical staining were performed by the following methods. 1) Prior to the histochemistry and immunohistochemical staining of paraffin sections, the following deparaffinization and hydrophilic operations were performed. For deparaffinization, place the paraffin section in the xylene bath 4 times for 5 minutes, and then for the hydrophilic operation, place the deparaffin section in the 100% ethanol bath twice for 5 minutes, in the 95% ethanol bath once for 5 minutes, It was placed once in a 90% ethanol bath for 5 minutes and once in a 80% ethanol bath for 5 minutes. Thereafter, washing with running tap water was performed for 5 minutes.
- hematoxylin and eosin ( ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ HE) staining was performed.
- the sections after HE staining were subjected to the steps of dehydration, penetration, and encapsulation.
- the dehydration step was performed according to the following procedure. 50% ethanol once per minute, 70% ethanol once per minute, 80% ethanol once per minute, 90% ethanol once per minute, 95% ethanol once per minute, 100% ethanol once per minute, 100% ethanol once per minute Ethanol once for 5 minutes.
- xylene was permeated 4 times for 5 minutes.
- encapsulating agent New M ⁇ X; Matsunami Glass Industrial Co., Ltd., Osaka
- cover glass a small amount of encapsulating agent (New M ⁇ X; Matsunami Glass Industrial Co., Ltd., Osaka) was applied to the cover glass, and the tissue section was covered so as not to allow air to enter.
- Amyloid ⁇ protein detection method An amyloid ⁇ protein immunohistochemical staining kit (Code No. 299-56701, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka) was used. For detection of A ⁇ 40 in paraffin sections, an anti-amyloid ⁇ protein (1-40) mouse monoclonal antibody (clone No. BA27) in the kit was used.
- an anti-amyloid ⁇ -protein (1-42) mouse monoclonal antibody (clone No. BC05) in the kit was used. Finally, it was visualized using 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark) as a color former.
- DAB 3,3′-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride
- Phosphorylated tau protein detection method The following primary antibodies were combined with ABC (avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase complex) method.
- ABC anti-phosphorylated tau protein
- clone: AT8, Innogenetics: currently under the name Fujirebio Inc., Tokyo was used.
- the ABC kit used was Vectastain ABC Kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA).
- DAB was visualized as a color former.
- the tissue section was encapsulated with an encapsulating agent as in the HE staining.
- Each stained sample of HE staining, A ⁇ 40 immunostaining, A ⁇ 42 immunostaining, and AT8 immunostaining is dried with the mounting medium, and then the image image analysis software FL (FLVFS-LS Ver. 1.12: Olympus, Tokyo) 3 CCD digital camera system (FX380: The microscope was examined with an optical microscope (BX41: Olympus) equipped with Olympus), and photography and image analysis were performed with the apparatus.
- Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mouse In order to prove that the pathological condition of the Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mouse is neuropathologically identical to that of human Alzheimer's disease, 10 male mice were used as a preliminary experiment. According to immunohistochemical analysis, in Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice, A ⁇ 40 and A ⁇ 42, which are neuropathological diagnostic hallmarks of human Alzheimer's disease, are amyloid senile plaques and phosphorylated tau protein are core proteins. Many neurofibrils appeared in mice over 700 days of age, but no appearance was found in Age-matched normal mice.
- senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice it was possible to easily identify the structure of the senile plaques as with human Alzheimer's disease senile plaques only by routine staining of HE staining.
- Senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles appearing in Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice are the same structure as senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles that are neuropathological hallmarks of human Alzheimer's disease. ( Figure 2).
- Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice A ⁇ 40 and A ⁇ 42 identified by immunostaining are amyloid senile plaques that are core proteins and senile plaques identified by HE staining are the hippocampus (Ammon angle), hippocampus, It was cerebral cortex (especially entorhinal cortex). The most common sites of neurofibrillary tangles in which phosphorylated tau protein is the core protein were the hypothalamus and the amygdala. Based on this neuropathological analysis preliminary experiment, as a method for evaluating the effect of drug treatment, the neuropathologic hallmark of human Alzheimer's disease was used in the cerebral and brain stem / cerebellar planes of Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice. Histochemically and immunohistochemically analyzed quantitatively, focusing on the facets of certain senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (Fig. 3).
- Senile plaques were searched considering two factors: the number of senile plaques and the size of senile plaques (the degree of growth of senile plaques). That is, senile plaques with a diameter of 100 ⁇ m or more are classified as large senile plaques, diameters of 50 ⁇ m or less with small senile plaques, and senile plaques with a diameter between 50 ⁇ m and 100 ⁇ m are classified as medium senile plaques. The number of each was measured (Fig. 4). The number was measured using double blind. That is, in a neuropathological quantitative analysis, only the individual identification number is written on the sample, and when measuring the number of cells in the sample, it is known whether it was in the placebo or compound A administration group It was conducted in a situation where it was not possible.
- the neurofibrillary tangle was evaluated based only on the number of nerve cells having a neurofibrillary tangle change. The number was measured by double blind like the number of senile plaques.
- Quantitative values of the number of appearance of senile plaques and the number of neurons with neurofibrillary tangles were expressed as mean ⁇ standard deviation.
- Statistical analysis for this study was performed using Macintosh software Statview (Ver. 5.0, SAS Institute, Inc., California, USA). Mann-Whitney U test was used for the significant difference test, and it was judged that there was a statistically significant difference with a risk factor P ⁇ 0.05.
- Senile plaque 1 Neuropathological morphological features of senile plaques Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 show the histopathological specimens of the coronal cleavage plane including the hippocampus in the cerebrum of Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice. Senile plaques that did not appear in normal mice up to 700 days of age and over 700 days of age were easily identified by HE staining in the hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice. Senile plaques that appear in Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice have a neuropathological morphological feature that is expressed as a core that is darkly stained with HE staining at the center and lightly stained around the periphery with HE staining.
- senile plaques There were two types of senile plaques, a type of senile plaque composed of a structure having a hallo and a senile plaque composed of only halo stained palely with HE staining. Senile plaques appearing in human Alzheimer's disease and HE staining were identical. Among the senile plaques that appear in Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice on HE staining, the former senile plaques correspond to the classic type senile plaques of senile plaques that appear in human Alzheimer's disease, and the latter senile plaques are human Alzheimer's It was equivalent to diffuse type senile plaques of senile plaques that appeared due to illness.
- Senile plaques identified by HE staining in Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice are either anti-amyloid ⁇ protein_A ⁇ 40 antibody (clone No. BA27) or anti-amyloid ⁇ protein_A ⁇ 42 antibody (clone No. BC05) Or with both antibodies.
- the senile plaques that appeared in the 0.5% methylcellulose administration control group (FIG. 5) and the senile plaques that appeared in the compound A treatment group (FIG. 6) were the same in terms of neuropathology and chromocytosis.
- a ⁇ 40 / A ⁇ 42 immunostaining-positive senile plaques appearing in both groups of Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice are similar to A ⁇ 40 / A ⁇ 42 immunostaining-positive senile plaques appearing in human Alzheimer's disease. Were identical.
- the coronal cleavage plane (hippocampus / hippocampus) of the papillary body was determined based on three consecutive stainings of HE staining, A ⁇ 40 immunostaining, and A ⁇ 42 immunostaining.
- Senile plaques appearing on the cerebral coronal cleavage plane including cerebral cortex including hippocampus, hippocampus, and enteralhinal cortex.
- Compound A (1) Papillary coronal cleavage plane: large senile plaque 21, medium senile plaque 33, small senile plaque, 113. Entorhinal cortex coronal cleavage plane: large senile plaque 16, medium senile plaque 78, small senile plaque 96.
- Entorhinal cortex coronal cleavage plane large senile plaque 13, medium senile plaque 36, small senile plaque 76.
- Entorhinal cortex coronal cleavage plane large senile plaque 21, medium senile plaque 45, small senile plaque, 102.
- the number of large senile plaques per coronal cleavage plane in the Compound A treatment group is 11.1 ⁇ 5.9, the control group is 26.9 ⁇ 12.3, the number of medium-sized senile plaques is 30.9 ⁇ 20.5, the control group is 44.3 ⁇ 14.5, and the size is small
- the number of senile plaques was 104.4 ⁇ 36.8, and the control group was 88.38 ⁇ 35.2.
- Neurofibrillary tangle 1 Neuropathological morphological features of neurofibrillary tangles The histopathological specimens of the coronal cleavage plane including the amygdala and hypothalamus in the cerebrum of Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice are shown in FIGS. Neurofibrillary tangles that do not appear in normal mice up to 700 and older than 700 days are phosphorylated tau, a core protein of neurofibrillary tangles in the hypothalamus and amygdala of Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice It could be easily identified by AT8 immunostaining to identify the protein.
- neurons with AT8 immunostaining positive neurofibrillary tangles appearing in both groups of mice are the same as those with AT8 immunostaining positive neurofibrillary tangles appearing in human Alzheimer's disease. Were identical.
- AT8 immunostaining positive neurofibrillary tangles in Alzheimer's disease model double transgenic mice were difficult to identify by routine staining HE staining.
- the AT8 immunostaining-positive neurofibrillary tangle that appears in human Alzheimer's disease is a neuropathologist familiar with human Alzheimer's disease, with HE staining alone, and is one of the neurons that have AT8 immunostaining-positive neurofibrillary tangles. The part is an identifiable structure.
- coronal fractures including the coronal cleavage plane including the hypothalamus and the maximum diameter of the amygdaloid nucleus appear Neurons having AT8 immunostaining positive neurofibrillary tangles appearing on the cleavage plane were counted.
- the individual data is described below.
- the number of neurons with AT8 immunostaining positive neurofibrillary tangle per coronal fracture plane of Compound A treatment group is 77.0 ⁇ 67.1, and per 0.5% methylcellulose administration control group per coronal fracture plane
- the number of neurons with AT8 immunostaining positive neurofibrillary tangles was 209.9 ⁇ 46.0.
- compound A which is a selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidoreductase
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Neurology (AREA)
- Neurosurgery (AREA)
- Hospice & Palliative Care (AREA)
- Psychiatry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
脳の中でも、大脳辺縁系が記憶に重要な役割を担っており、特に海馬と乳頭体は、記憶を司る重要な器官である。
[A1]次の一般式(A)で表される化合物、該化合物の互変異性体、立体異性体、若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩又はそれらの結晶若しくは溶媒和物を有効成分として含有する、認知症の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬。
R1は炭素数1~8のアルキル基、1~3個のハロゲン原子で置換された炭素数1~8のアルキル基、OR4、CO2R5、S(O)nR6、又は水素原子を表し、ここで、R4は水素原子、又は置換基としてハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、若しくはシアノ基から選ばれる基若しくは原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基、アラルキル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10で、アルキル部分の炭素数1~4)、炭素数2~9のアルキルカルボニル基、アリールカルボニル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10)、アラルキルカルボニル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10で、アルキルカルボニル部分の炭素数は2~5)若しくは炭素数6~10のアリール基を表し、R5及びR6は水素原子又は置換基としてハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、若しくはアミノ基から選ばれる基若しくは原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基、アラルキル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10で、アルキル部分の炭素数1~4)、若しくは炭素数6~10のアリール基を表し、nは0~2の整数を表し、
R2は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、ホルミル基、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、1~3個のハロゲン原子で置換された炭素数1~8のアルキル基、又はCO2R7を表し、ここでR7は上記のR5と同じものを表し、
Xは炭素原子、窒素原子、酸素原子、又は硫黄原子を表し、
Z1は炭素原子又は窒素原子を表し、
Z2及びZ3はそれぞれ独立に炭素原子、窒素原子、又はイオウ原子を表し、
L1及びL2は、それぞれ独立に水素原子、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数2~8のアルケニル基、炭素数1~8のアルコキシ基、炭素数6~10のアリール基、又は炭素数4~9のヘテロアリール基を表すか、あるいはL1及びL2が互いに結合して、それらが結合する5員環と一緒になって2環式のヘテロアリール環を形成してもよく、さらに該2環式ヘテロアリール環は、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アミノ基、CO2R8、PO3H、PO(OH)(OR9)、S(O)mR10、又は置換基としてハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、若しくはアミノ基から選ばれる基若しくは原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基若しくはアルキルアミノカルボニル基、(アルキル基の炭素数は1~8)で置換されていてもよく、ここでR8、R9、及びR10は上記のR5と同じものを表し、mは上記nと同じものを表す。)
[A3]R4が炭素数1~8のアルキル基又はフェニル基である、上記[A2]に記載の医薬。
[A4]R2がニトロ基、シアノ基、ハロゲン原子、又はカルボキシル基である、上記[A1]~[A3]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[A5]R2がシアノ基である、上記[A4]に記載の医薬。
[A7]L1が炭素数1~8のアルキル基又は炭素数4~9のヘテロアリール基であり、L2が水素原子又は炭素数1~8のアルキル基である、上記[A1]~[A6]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[A8]L1がフェニル基、2-ピリジル基、3-ピリジル基、4-ピリジル基、3-ピリダジニル基、4-ピリダジニル基、2-ピリミジニル基、4-ピリミジニル基、又は5-ピリミジニル基であり、かつL2が水素原子、メチル基、エチル基、又はプロピル基であるか、あるいはL1及びL2が互いに結合して、それらが結合する5員環と一緒になって、チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン、オキサゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン、7H-ピロロ[3,2-d]ピリミジン、9H-プリン、チアゾロ[4,5-d]ピリダジン、オキサゾロ[4,5-d]ピリダジン、7H-イミダゾ[4,5-d]ピリダジン、チアゾロ[5,4-c]ピリダジン、オキサゾロ[5,4-c]ピリダジン、7H-イミダゾ[4,5-c]ピリダジン、チアゾロ[4,5-d]トリアジン、オキサゾロ[4,5-d]トリアジン、又は7H-イミダゾ[4,5-d]トリアジンから選択される2環式ヘテロアリール環を形成してもよく、さらに該2環式ヘテロアリール環は、水酸基、又は置換基として水酸基を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基で置換されていてもよい、上記[A1]~[A7]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[A9]Xが硫黄原子又は窒素原子である、上記[A1]~「A8」のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[A10]Xが窒素原子であり、Z2が炭素原子であり、L1が4-ピリジル基であり、Z3が窒素原子であり、L2が水素原子である、上記[A1]~[A9]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[A11]Xが硫黄原子であり、Z2とZ3が共に炭素原子であり、L1とL2が一緒になって、チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン 、オキサゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン 、7H-ピロロ[3,2-d]ピリミジン、又は9H-プリンから選択される2環式ヘテロアリール環を形成してもよく、さらに該2環式ヘテロアリール環は、水酸基で置換されていてもよい、上記[A1]~[A10]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[A13]認知症の予防及び/又は治療のための、上記[A1]~[A11]のいずれかに記載の一般式(A)で表される化合物、該化合物の互変異性体、立体異性体、若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩又はそれらの結晶若しくは溶媒和物の使用。
[A14]ヒトにおける認知症を予防及び/又は治療する方法であって、前記方法が予防及び/又は治療有効量の上記[A1]~[A11]のいずれかに記載の一般式(A)で表される化合物、該化合物の互変異性体、立体異性体、若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩又はそれらの結晶若しくは溶媒和物をヒトに投与する工程を含む方法。
[A15]大型老人斑もしくは中型老人斑の数又は神経原繊維変化を有する神経細胞の数の増加を抑制するための、及び/又は該数を減少させるための医薬の製造のための、上記[A1]~[A11]のいずれかに記載の一般式(I)で表される化合物、該化合物の互変異性体、立体異性体、若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩又はそれらの結晶若しくは溶媒和物の使用。
R1は炭素数1~8のアルキル基、1~3個のハロゲン原子で置換された炭素数1~8のアルキル基、-OR4、-CO2R5、又は-S(O)nR6を表し、ここで、R4は水素原子、又は置換基としてハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、若しくはシアノ基から選ばれる基若しくは原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基、アラルキル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10で、アルキル部分の炭素数1~4)、炭素数2~9のアルキルカルボニル基、アリールカルボニル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10)、アラルキルカルボニル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10で、アルキルカルボニル部分の炭素数は2~5)若しくは炭素数6~10のアリール基を表し、R5及びR6はそれぞれ独立に水素原子又は置換基としてハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、若しくはアミノ基から選ばれる基若しくは原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基、アラルキル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10で、アルキル部分の炭素数1~4)、若しくは炭素数6~10のアリール基を表し、nは0~2の整数を表し、
R2は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、ホルミル基、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、1~3個のハロゲン原子で置換された炭素数1~8のアルキル基、又はCO2R7を表し、ここでR7は上記のR5と同じものを表し、
R3は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アミノ基、CO2R8、PO3H、PO(OH)(OR9)、S(O)mR10、又は置換基としてハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、若しくはアミノ基から選ばれる基若しくは原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基若しくはアルキルアミノカルボニル基、(アルキル基の炭素数は1~8)を表し、ここでR8、R9、及びR10は上記のR5と同じものを表し、mは上記nと同じものを表し、
XはNR11、酸素原子、又は硫黄原子を表し、ここで、R11は水素原子又は置換基としてハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、若しくはアミノ基から選ばれる基若しくは原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基を表し、そして、
Y及びZはCR12又は窒素原子を表し、ここで、R12は上記のR3と同じものを表す。)
[B3]R4がハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、若しくはシアノ基からなる群から選択される置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基又は炭素数6~10のアリール基である、上記[B2]に記載の医薬。
[B4]R1がハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、若しくはシアノ基からなる群から選択される置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基又はフェノキシ基である、上記[B1]又は[B2]に記載の医薬。
[B5]R2がニトロ基、シアノ基、ハロゲン原子、又はカルボキシル基である、上記[B1]~[B4]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[B6]R3が水素原子、アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、又はカルボキシル基である、上記[B1]~[B5]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[B8]Y及びZが共に窒素原子である、上記[B1]~[B7]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[B9]R1がハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、若しくはシアノ基からなる群から選択される置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基又はフェノキシ基であり、R2がニトロ基、シアノ基、ハロゲン原子、又はカルボキシル基であり、R3が水素原子、アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、又はカルボキシル基であり、Xが酸素原子又は硫黄原子であり、Y及びZが共に窒素原子である、上記[B1]~[B8]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
[B10]R1が炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基又はフェノキシ基であり、R2がシアノ基であり、R3が水酸基であり、Xが酸素原子又は硫黄原子であり、Y及びZが共に窒素原子である、上記[B1]~[B9]のいずれかに記載の医薬。
(ア)5-(7-ヒドロキシオキサゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン-2-イル)-2-メトキシ-ベンゾニトリル
(キ)2-(3-シアノ-4-フェノキシフェニル)チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ク)2-[3-シアノ-4-(3-ピリジルオキシ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ケ)8-[3-シアノ-4-(4-フルオロフェノキシ)フェニル]-9H-プリン
(コ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(2-フルオロフェノキシ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(サ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(3-フルオロフェノキシ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(シ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(4-フルオロフェニルチオ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ス)2-[3-シアノ-4-(2-ヒドロキシフェノキシ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(セ)2-[4-(4-クロロフェニルオキシ)-3-シアノフェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ソ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(2-フルオロフェニルチオ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(タ)2-(3-シアノ-4-フェニルチオフェニル)チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(チ)2-(4-アリルオキシ-3-シアノフェニル)チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ツ)2-(3-シアノ-4-モルホリン-4‐イルフェニル)チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(テ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(4-メチル-1-ピペラジニル)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ト)2-[4-(3-クロロフェニルオキシ)-3-シアノフェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ナ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(チオモルホリン-4-イル)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ニ)2-[4-(2-クロロフェニルオキシ)-3-シアノフェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ヌ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(4-フルオロフェノキシ)フェニル]オキサゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ネ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(3-フルオロフェニルチオ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ノ)2-[4-(2-アミノフェノキシ)-3-シアノフェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ハ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(3-ピリジルオキシ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン 塩酸塩
(ヒ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(4-ヒドロキシフェノキシ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(フ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(2-ヒドロキシカルボニルフェノキシ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン
(ヘ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(2-ヒドロキシフェノキシ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン カリウム塩
(ホ)2-[3-シアノ-4-(4-ヒドロキシフェノキシ)フェニル]チアゾロ[5,4-d]ピリミジン カリウム塩
[B13]認知症の予防及び/又は治療のための、上記[B1]~[B11]のいずれかに記載の一般式(I)で表される化合物、該化合物の互変異性体、立体異性体、若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩又はそれらの結晶若しくは溶媒和物の使用。
[B14]ヒトにおける認知症を予防及び/又は治療する方法であって、前記方法が予防及び/又は治療有効量の上記[B1]~[B11]のいずれかに記載の一般式(I)で表される化合物、該化合物の互変異性体、立体異性体、若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩又はそれらの結晶若しくは溶媒和物をヒトに投与する工程を含む方法。
[B15]大型老人斑もしくは中型老人斑の数又は神経原繊維変化を有する神経細胞の数の増加を抑制するための、及び/又は該数を減少させるための医薬の製造のための、上記[B1]~[B11]のいずれかに記載の一般式(I)で表される化合物、該化合物の互変異性体、立体異性体、若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩又はそれらの結晶若しくは溶媒和物の使用。
また、本発明の医薬は、老人性認知症、軽度認知障害、軽度認識障害、加齢性記憶障害(AAMI)、老年性認知症、AIDS認知症、ピック病、ダウン症候群関連の認知症、脳血管性認知症、加齢による記憶障害、学習障害、海馬変性症、認知機能障害、微小梗塞痴呆症からなる群から選択する認知症に適用することもできる。もっとも、本発明の医薬の提供対象はこれらに限定されることはなく、熟練した医師により認知症の疑いあり又は認知症発症の可能性ありと診断される初期の患者もしくは発症前の患者に対しても適用することができる。
例1
(a)材料及び方法
キサンチン酸化還元酵素を強力に阻害する作用を有する化合物として5-(7-ヒドロキシチアゾロ [5,4-d]ピリミジン-2-イル)-2-フェノキシ-ベンゾニトリル(特許第4914210号の請求項1に記載された化合物である2-(3-シアノ-4-フェノキシフェニル)-4-ヒドロキシチアゾロ[5.4-d]ピリミジン:以下、化合物Aと呼ぶ)を使用した。
基剤として、0.5%メチルセルロースを作製した。化合物A投与薬剤の調整は、微量薬剤の計量誤差と薬効の低下を回避するために、化合物Aを溶剤としての0.5%メチルセルロースに溶解する際に、10倍濃度のstock solutionを一旦作製した。即ち、化合物Aを瑪瑙製の乳鉢にてすりつぶした後、少量の0.5%メチルセルロースを加え、懸濁させた。その後、徐々に少量の0.5%メチルセルロースを加え、完全に懸濁・溶解させた。最終的に10 mLの0.5%メチルセルロースに化合物A 50 mgを懸濁・溶解させ、50 mg 化合物A・0.5%メチルセルロース10 mL(50 mg/10 mL)の10倍濃度のstock solutionを作製した。10倍濃度のstock solution[50 mg化合物A・0.5%メチルセルロース10 mL(50 mg/10 mL)]を1週間毎に作製して冷蔵保存し、投与当日その都度10倍濃度のstock solution を十二分に撹拌しながら10倍希釈し、マウスに投与時にも撹拌した状態で薬剤を胃ゾンデに吸引して、投与濃度にした。
プラセボとしては、溶剤である0.5%メチルセルロースのみをマウス体重1 kg当たり10 mL(10 mL/kg)、すなわち、薬剤投与マウスの溶剤と等容量を1日1回経口投与した。
経口投与の方法は、プラスチックシリンジにて正確に容量を測量し、プラスチックシリンジに直接マウス用胃ゾンデをつなげ、経口・経食道的に確実に投与した。
8匹のマウスに個体体重1 g当たり1 mLのペントバルビタールナトリウム(商品名ネンブタール、大日本住友製薬)を腹腔内注射して全身麻酔を施行した。完全に麻酔下にあることを確認した後、麻酔下にある各個体を二酸化炭素処理により安楽死させ、開腹及び開胸を行った。右心室からの採血後、左心室の大動脈経由により、生理的食塩水にて全身臓器の血液を除去した。その後直ちに、大脳の右前頭葉の一部分、脊髄の一部分、心臓の左右両心室の一部分、右肺の一部分、肝臓の一部分、左右腎臓の一部分、左精巣の各新鮮臓器を採取し、ドライアイスにて瞬間凍結させた。その後、各新鮮臓器と血清を-80℃の超低温フリーザーに保存した。各新鮮臓器の瞬間凍結操作と同時並行操作として、各新鮮臓器として採取した部分を除く残存臓器部分と他の全ての臓器を4 %パラホルムアルデヒド・0.1 Mカコジル酸緩衝液(pH 7.3)にて直ちに浸潤固定した。
2)臓器組織の脱水は、リン酸緩衝生理食塩水(Phosphate buffered saline: PBS)で3回洗浄した。その後、水道水の流水にて一晩洗浄後、70%エタノールにて12時間室温、80%エタノールにて12時間室温、90%エタノールにて12時間室温、99.5%エタノールにて12時間室温、もう一度99.5%エタノールにて12時間室温、100%エタノールにて12時間室温、無水エタノールにて12時間室温にて浸透させ、臓器組織の水分をエタノールに完全に置換した。
4)臓器組織のパラフィン浸透工程は、臓器組織をクロロホルム槽から60℃パラフィン槽に移すことにより実施した。
5)60℃パラフィン槽内にて、2時間4回浸透させることにより、完全にクロロホルムを抜き、臓器組織にパラフィン浸透を完全に実施した。その後、包埋用パラフィンにて、臓器組織をパラフィン内に包埋した。
6)パラフィン切片の作製は、パラフィン包埋された臓器組織のパラフィンブロックを、ミクロトームにて6 μm厚で薄切した。
1)パラフィン切片の組織化学及び免疫組織化学的染色に先立ち、以下の脱パラフィン・親水操作を行った。脱パラフィン操作として、パラフィン切片をキシレン槽内に 5分間 4回入れ、次に親水操作として、脱パラフィン切片を100% エタノール槽内に 5分間 2回、95% エタノール槽内に 5分間1回、90% エタノール槽内に5分間1回、80% エタノール槽内に 5分間1回入れた。その後、水道水の流水にて洗浄を5分間行った。
(1)アミロイドβプロテイン検出方法:
アミロイドβプロテイン免疫組織化学染色キット(Code No.299-56701、和光純薬工業株式会社、大阪)を使用した。パラフィン切片におけるAβ40の検出には、キット内の抗アミロイドβプロテイン(1-40)マウスモノクローナル抗体(クローンNo.BA27)を使用した。Aβ42の検出には、キット内の抗アミロイドβ-プロテイン(1-42)マウスモノクローナル抗体(クローンNo.BC05)を使用した。最終的には、発色剤として、3,3’-diaminobenzidine tetrahydrochloride (DAB; Dako, Glostrup, Denmark)を使用して可視化した。
以下の一次抗体とABC(avidin-biotin-immunoperoxidase complex)法との組み合わせによって施行した。
一次抗体としては、抗リン酸化タウ蛋白(phosphorylated tau protein; PHF-tau) マウスモノクローナル抗体(クローン:AT8、Innogenetics: 現在社名 富士レビオ(Fujirebio)株式会社、東京)を使用した。ABCキットは、Vectastain ABC Kit (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA、米国)を使用した。
最終的には、DABを発色剤として可視化した。封入工程は、HE染色と同様に封入剤にて組織切片を封入した。
1.老人斑
1)老人斑の神経病理学的形態的特徴
アルツハイマー病モデルダブルトランスジェニックマウスの大脳における海馬を含む乳頭体冠状断割面の病理組織標本を図5及び図6に示す。
700日齢までと700日齢を超した正常マウスには出現しない老人斑が、アルツハイマー病モデルダブルトランスジェニックマウスの海馬において、HE染色で容易に同定できた。アルツハイマー病モデルダブルトランスジェニックマウスに出現する老人斑は、神経病理学的形態的特徴として、中心部がHE染色で濃く染色されるcoreと表現される部位が有り、その周辺がHE染色で淡く染色されるhalloを有する構造物からなるタイプの老人斑と、HE染色で淡く染色されるhaloのみからなる老人斑の二種類の老人斑が存在していた。ヒトアルツハイマー病で出現する老人斑とHE染色上は同一であった。HE染色上、アルツハイマー病モデルダブルトランスジェニックマウスに出現する老人斑のうち、前者の老人斑は、ヒトアルツハイマー病で出現する老人斑のclassical type senile plaquesに相当し、後者の老人斑は、ヒトアルツハイマー病で出現する老人斑のdiffuse type senile plaquesに相当するものであった。
アルツハイマー病モデルダブルトランスジェニックマウスにおける老人斑の神経病理組織学的特徴が、ヒトアルツハイマー病の老人斑の神経病理組織学的特徴と同一であり、且つコントロール群と化合物A治療群の両者における老人斑の神経病理組織学的特徴が同一であったことから、老人斑に関しては、老人斑数とその直径の大きさ(成長度合い)の定量的解析結果をもって、化合物Aによるヒトアルツハイマー病抑制の有効性を評価した。
化合物A(1): 乳頭体冠状断割面: 大型老人斑21、中型老人斑33、小型老人斑、113。Entorhinal cortex冠状断割面: 大型老人斑16、中型老人斑78、小型老人斑、96。
化合物A(2): 乳頭体冠状断割面: 大型老人斑12、中型老人斑12、小型老人斑、38。Entorhinal cortex冠状断割面: 大型老人斑10、中型老人斑24、小型老人斑、78。
化合物A(3): 乳頭体冠状断割面: 大型老人斑12、中型老人斑25、小型老人斑、106。Entorhinal cortex冠状断割面: 大型老人斑11、中型老人斑31、小型老人斑、110。
化合物A(4): 乳頭体冠状断割面: 大型老人斑5、中型老人斑30、小型老人斑、130。Entorhinal cortex冠状断割面: 大型老人斑2、中型老人斑14、小型老人斑、164。
コントロール(1): 乳頭体冠状断割面: 大型老人斑8、中型老人斑27、小型老人斑、42。Entorhinal cortex冠状断割面: 大型老人斑13、中型老人斑36、小型老人斑、76。
コントロール(2): 乳頭体冠状断割面: 大型老人斑29、中型老人斑37、小型老人斑、108。Entorhinal cortex冠状断割面: 大型老人斑21、中型老人斑45、小型老人斑、102。
コントロール(3): 乳頭体冠状断割面: 大型老人斑40、中型老人斑66、小型老人斑、139。Entorhinal cortex冠状断割面: 大型老人斑42、中型老人斑65、小型老人斑、124。
コントロール(4): 乳頭体冠状断割面: 大型老人斑35、中型老人斑46、小型老人斑、63。Entorhinal cortex冠状断割面: 大型老人斑27、中型老人斑32、小型老人斑、52。
1)神経原線維変化の神経病理学的形態的特徴
アルツハイマー病モデルダブルトランスジェニックマウスの大脳における扁桃核及び視床下部を含む大脳冠状断割面の病理組織標本を図8及び図9に示す。
700日齢までと700日齢を超した正常マウスには出現しない神経原線維変化が、アルツハイマー病モデルダブルトランスジェニックマウスの視床下部と扁桃核において、神経原線維変化のコア蛋白質であるリン酸化タウ蛋白質を同定するAT8免疫染色にて容易に同定できた。0.5%メチルセルロース投与コントロール(対照)群のマウスに出現したAT8免疫染色陽性神経原線維変化を有する神経細胞(図8)と、化合物A投与治療群のマウスに出現したAT8免疫染色陽性神経原線維変化を有する神経細胞(図9)とは、神経病理学的形態的及び染色学的には同一であった。また、両群のマウスに出現したAT8免疫染色陽性神経原線維変化を有する神経細胞は、ヒトアルツハイマー病で出現するAT8免疫染色陽性神経原線維変化を有する神経細胞と神経病理学的形態的及び染色学的に同一であった。
アルツハイマー病モデルダブルトランスジェニックマウスにおけるAT8免疫染色陽性神経原線維変化を有する神経細胞の神経病理組織学的特徴は、ヒトアルツハイマー病のAT8免疫染色陽性神経原線維変化を有する神経細胞の神経病理組織学的特徴と同一であり、且つコントロール群と化合物A治療群の両者におけるAT8免疫染色陽性神経原線維変化を有する神経細胞の神経病理組織学的特徴が同一であった。この結果に基づいて、AT8免疫染色陽性神経原線維変化に関しては、AT8免疫染色陽性神経原線維変化を有する神経細胞の定量的解析結果をもって、化合物Aによるヒトアルツハイマー病抑制の有効性を評価した。
以下に、個別のデータを記載する。
化合物A(1): 視床下部冠状断割面: 149。扁桃核最大径冠状断割面: 103。
化合物A(2): 視床下部冠状断割面: 119。扁桃核最大径冠状断割面: 175。
化合物A(3): 視床下部冠状断割面: 26。扁桃核最大径冠状断割面: 13。
化合物A(4): 視床下部冠状断割面: 13。扁桃核最大径冠状断割面: 18。
コントロール(1): 視床下部冠状断割面: 259。扁桃核最大径冠状断割面: 237。
コントロール(2): 視床下部冠状断割面: 204。扁桃核最大径冠状断割面: 153。
コントロール(3): 視床下部冠状断割面: 283。扁桃核最大径冠状断割面: 198。
コントロール(4): 視床下部冠状断割面: 180。扁桃核最大径冠状断割面: 165。
統計学的に解析した結果、化合物A治療群はコントロール群に比べて、有意にAT8免疫染色陽性神経原線維変化を有する神経細胞の数が減少していた(p= 0.016, Mann‐WhitneyのU検定)(図10)。
Claims (11)
- 次の一般式(I)で表される化合物、該化合物の互変異性体、立体異性体、若しくはその薬学的に許容される塩又はそれらの結晶若しくは溶媒和物を有効成分として含有する、認知症の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬。
R1は炭素数1~8のアルキル基、1~3個のハロゲン原子で置換された炭素数1~8のアルキル基、-OR4、-CO2R5、又は-S(O)nR6を表し、ここで、R4は水素原子、又は置換基としてハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、若しくはシアノ基から選ばれる基若しくは原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基、アラルキル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10で、アルキル部分の炭素数1~4)、炭素数2~9のアルキルカルボニル基、アリールカルボニル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10)、アラルキルカルボニル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10で、アルキルカルボニル部分の炭素数は2~5)若しくは炭素数6~10のアリール基を表し、R5及びR6はそれぞれ独立に水素原子又は置換基としてハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、若しくはアミノ基から選ばれる基若しくは原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基、アラルキル基(アリール部分の炭素数は6~10で、アルキル部分の炭素数1~4)、若しくは炭素数6~10のアリール基を表し、nは0~2の整数を表し、
R2は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、ホルミル基、炭素数1~8のアルキル基、1~3個のハロゲン原子で置換された炭素数1~8のアルキル基、又はCO2R7を表し、ここでR7は上記のR5と同じものを表し、
R3は水素原子、ハロゲン原子、水酸基、アミノ基、CO2R8、PO3H、PO(OH)(OR9)、S(O)mR10、又は置換基としてハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、若しくはアミノ基から選ばれる基若しくは原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基若しくはアルキルアミノカルボニル基、(アルキル基の炭素数は1~8)を表し、ここでR8、R9、及びR10は上記のR5と同じものを表し、mは上記nと同じものを表し、
XはNR11、酸素原子、又は硫黄原子を表し、ここで、R11は水素原子又は置換基としてハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、シアノ基、若しくはアミノ基から選ばれる基若しくは原子を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基を表し、そして、
Y及びZはCR12又は窒素原子を表し、ここで、R12は上記のR3と同じものを表す。) - R1がOR4である、請求項1に記載の医薬。
- R4がハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、若しくはシアノ基からなる群から選択される置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~8のアルキル基又は炭素数6~10のアリール基である、請求項2に記載の医薬。
- R1がハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、若しくはシアノ基からなる群から選択される置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基又はフェノキシ基である、請求項1又は2に記載の医薬。
- R2がニトロ基、シアノ基、ハロゲン原子、又はカルボキシル基である、請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の医薬。
- R3が水素原子、アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、又はカルボキシル基である、請求項1ないし5のいずれか1項に記載の医薬。
- Xが酸素原子又は硫黄原子である、請求項1ないし6のいずれか1項に記載の医薬。
- Y及びZが共に窒素原子である、請求項1ないし7のいずれか1項に記載の医薬。
- R1がハロゲン原子、水酸基、ニトロ基、若しくはシアノ基からなる群から選択される置換基を有していてもよい炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基又はフェノキシ基であり、R2がニトロ基、シアノ基、ハロゲン原子、又はカルボキシル基であり、R3が水素原子、アミノ基、水酸基、ハロゲン原子、又はカルボキシル基であり、Xが酸素原子又は硫黄原子であり、Y及びZが共に窒素原子である、請求項1ないし8のいずれか1項に記載の医薬。
- R1が炭素数1~5のアルコキシ基又はフェノキシ基であり、R2がシアノ基であり、R3が水酸基であり、Xが酸素原子又は硫黄原子であり、Y及びZが共に窒素原子である、請求項1ないし9のいずれか1項に記載の医薬。
- 認知症が、アルツハイマー型認知症である、請求項1ないし10のいずれか1項に記載の医薬。
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2017502378A JP6891108B2 (ja) | 2015-02-24 | 2016-02-23 | 認知症の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬 |
US15/548,550 US10413546B2 (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2016-02-23 | Drug for preventing and/or treating dementia |
CN201680012029.9A CN107427517B (zh) | 2015-02-24 | 2016-02-23 | 用于痴呆症的预防及/或治疗的医药 |
EP16755471.6A EP3263109B1 (en) | 2015-02-24 | 2016-02-23 | Drug for preventing and/or treating dementia |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2015034426 | 2015-02-24 | ||
JP2015-034426 | 2015-02-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2016136727A1 true WO2016136727A1 (ja) | 2016-09-01 |
Family
ID=56788940
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2016/055226 WO2016136727A1 (ja) | 2015-02-24 | 2016-02-23 | 認知症の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US10413546B2 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP3263109B1 (ja) |
JP (2) | JP6891108B2 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN107427517B (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2016136727A1 (ja) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019107412A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-06 | 静岡県公立大学法人 | 固体分散体 |
WO2020009374A1 (ko) * | 2018-07-04 | 2020-01-09 | 고려대학교 세종산학협력단 | 4-치환 옥사졸로퀴놀리논 유도체, 약학적으로 허용되는 이의 염인 화합물 및 이를 유효성분으로 포함하는 천식 또는 아토피 등의 알러지성 질환의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물 |
WO2020246526A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-10 | 日本ケミファ株式会社 | キサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害剤含有腸溶性製剤 |
WO2022124325A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-16 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 細胞内atp増強剤 |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005121153A1 (ja) * | 2004-06-14 | 2005-12-22 | Nippon Chemiphar Co., Ltd. | 縮合ピリミジン誘導体、及びキサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害剤 |
JP2008510827A (ja) * | 2004-08-26 | 2008-04-10 | ワイス | エストロゲン剤としてのプロドラッグ置換ベンゾキサゾール |
JP2010536811A (ja) * | 2007-08-23 | 2010-12-02 | サノフィ−アベンティス | アゾロアリン誘導体、その製造方法、こうした化合物を含む医薬、およびその使用 |
JP2012502966A (ja) * | 2008-09-23 | 2012-02-02 | ウィスタ ラボラトリーズ リミテッド | 凝集したタウ分子に対するリガンド |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK0513379T3 (da) | 1990-11-30 | 1996-09-30 | Teijin Ltd | 2-Arylthiazolderivater og farmaceutisk præparat indeholdende sådanne |
JP2706037B2 (ja) | 1993-04-13 | 1998-01-28 | 帝人株式会社 | シアノ化合物およびその製造方法 |
JP3202607B2 (ja) | 1996-08-01 | 2001-08-27 | 帝人株式会社 | 2−(4−アルコキシ−3−シアノフェニル)チアゾール誘導体の製造法 |
JP2003201255A (ja) | 2001-11-05 | 2003-07-18 | Otsuka Pharmaceut Factory Inc | アルツハイマー病予防および治療剤 |
WO2003042185A1 (fr) | 2001-11-16 | 2003-05-22 | Nippon Chemiphar Co.,Ltd. | Inhibiteurs de la xanthine oxydase |
EP1471065B1 (en) | 2002-01-28 | 2008-02-27 | Fuji Yakuhin Co., Ltd. | Novel 1,2,4-triazole compound |
KR20060037373A (ko) | 2003-07-24 | 2006-05-03 | 가부시키가이샤 후지야쿠힝 | 1,2,4-트리아졸 화합물의 제조 방법 및 그 중간체 |
JP2005041802A (ja) | 2003-07-25 | 2005-02-17 | Fujiyakuhin Co Ltd | 1,2,4−トリアゾール化合物の製造方法 |
KR100515320B1 (ko) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-09-15 | 삼성에스디아이 주식회사 | 플라즈마 디스플레이 패널 |
US7067659B2 (en) * | 2004-04-23 | 2006-06-27 | Duke University | Reactive oxygen generating enzyme inhibitor with nitric oxide bioactivity and uses thereof |
JPWO2007004688A1 (ja) | 2005-07-01 | 2009-01-29 | 日本ケミファ株式会社 | キサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害剤 |
EP2560008B1 (en) | 2011-08-18 | 2016-11-30 | Korea Institute of Science and Technology | Pharmaceutical compositions for preventing or treating degenerative brain disease and method of screening the same |
WO2014083327A1 (en) * | 2012-11-27 | 2014-06-05 | Md Pharma Ab | Adenine derivatives suitable for the treatment of (inter alia) muscular dystrophy |
-
2016
- 2016-02-23 JP JP2017502378A patent/JP6891108B2/ja active Active
- 2016-02-23 US US15/548,550 patent/US10413546B2/en active Active
- 2016-02-23 CN CN201680012029.9A patent/CN107427517B/zh active Active
- 2016-02-23 WO PCT/JP2016/055226 patent/WO2016136727A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2016-02-23 EP EP16755471.6A patent/EP3263109B1/en active Active
-
2020
- 2020-11-02 JP JP2020183504A patent/JP2021070703A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005121153A1 (ja) * | 2004-06-14 | 2005-12-22 | Nippon Chemiphar Co., Ltd. | 縮合ピリミジン誘導体、及びキサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害剤 |
JP2008510827A (ja) * | 2004-08-26 | 2008-04-10 | ワイス | エストロゲン剤としてのプロドラッグ置換ベンゾキサゾール |
JP2010536811A (ja) * | 2007-08-23 | 2010-12-02 | サノフィ−アベンティス | アゾロアリン誘導体、その製造方法、こうした化合物を含む医薬、およびその使用 |
JP2012502966A (ja) * | 2008-09-23 | 2012-02-02 | ウィスタ ラボラトリーズ リミテッド | 凝集したタウ分子に対するリガンド |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
ALPAN, AYSE SELCEN ET AL.: "Synthesis, biological activity and molecular modeling studies on 1H-benzimidazole derivatives as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors", BIOORGANIC & MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY, vol. 21, no. 17, 2013, pages 4928 - 4937, XP028690184 * |
HUANG, X. ET AL.: "Effects of oxidative stress- mediated cell death on A production", SOCIETY FOR NEUROSCIENCE ABSTRACTS, vol. 27, no. 2, 2001, pages 1521, XP009505708 * |
SHIROLE, T. ET AL.: "4-Methylesculetin a dual acting inhibitor of acetylcholinest erase and xanthine oxidase", CLINICAL THERAPEUTICS, vol. 35, no. 8, 2013, pages e100 * |
VON DEUTSCH , DANIEL A ET AL.: "Is Xanthine Oxidase a Factor in Alzheimer's Dementia?", FASEB JOURNAL, vol. 18, no. 4-5, 2004, pages A933, 617.6, XP009505710 * |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019107412A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-28 | 2019-06-06 | 静岡県公立大学法人 | 固体分散体 |
CN111405900A (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-07-10 | 静冈县公立大学法人 | 固体分散体 |
JPWO2019107412A1 (ja) * | 2017-11-28 | 2020-11-19 | 静岡県公立大学法人 | 固体分散体 |
US11234984B2 (en) | 2017-11-28 | 2022-02-01 | Shizuoka Prefectural University Corporation | Solid dispersion |
JP7217890B2 (ja) | 2017-11-28 | 2023-02-06 | 静岡県公立大学法人 | 固体分散体 |
CN111405900B (zh) * | 2017-11-28 | 2023-10-10 | 日本化学药品株式会社 | 固体分散体 |
WO2020009374A1 (ko) * | 2018-07-04 | 2020-01-09 | 고려대학교 세종산학협력단 | 4-치환 옥사졸로퀴놀리논 유도체, 약학적으로 허용되는 이의 염인 화합물 및 이를 유효성분으로 포함하는 천식 또는 아토피 등의 알러지성 질환의 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물 |
WO2020246526A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-04 | 2020-12-10 | 日本ケミファ株式会社 | キサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害剤含有腸溶性製剤 |
JPWO2020246526A1 (ja) * | 2019-06-04 | 2021-09-13 | 日本ケミファ株式会社 | キサンチンオキシダーゼ阻害剤含有腸溶性製剤 |
WO2022124325A1 (ja) * | 2020-12-08 | 2022-06-16 | 国立大学法人東京大学 | 細胞内atp増強剤 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP3263109A1 (en) | 2018-01-03 |
CN107427517B (zh) | 2021-11-16 |
CN107427517A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
EP3263109B1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
US20180117047A1 (en) | 2018-05-03 |
JP2021070703A (ja) | 2021-05-06 |
JP6891108B2 (ja) | 2021-06-18 |
EP3263109A4 (en) | 2018-08-22 |
JPWO2016136727A1 (ja) | 2017-11-30 |
US10413546B2 (en) | 2019-09-17 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
JP2021070703A (ja) | 認知症の予防及び/又は治療のための医薬 | |
Panza et al. | Tau‐Centric Targets and Drugs in Clinical Development for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease | |
JP7419486B2 (ja) | τリン酸化を阻害する方法 | |
JP6517827B2 (ja) | イソインドリン組成物および神経変性疾患の治療方法 | |
US20070117835A1 (en) | Methods and compositions for treating Huntington's disease | |
Griciuc et al. | Inactivation of VCP/ter94 suppresses retinal pathology caused by misfolded rhodopsin in Drosophila | |
RU2654910C2 (ru) | Производные бензилиденгуанидина и их терапевтическое применение для лечения заболеваний, связанных с неправильным сворачиванием белков | |
US8609649B2 (en) | Compositions and methods for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and related neurological diseases | |
JP2002515437A (ja) | アミロイド症を調整するためのイオン透過担体を含む組成 | |
WO2012037105A1 (en) | Methods of treating, ameliorating or preventing stress-induced neuronal disorders and diseases | |
WO2014179303A1 (en) | Amyloid precursor protein mrna blockers for treating down syndrome and alzheimer's disease | |
JP6095072B2 (ja) | アミロイド病およびシヌクレイノパチーの処置のためのカフェイン含有化合物および組成物 | |
JP2020519659A (ja) | 神経変性疾患を治療するための組成物 | |
KR20160038637A (ko) | 폐섬유화 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물 | |
JP7285599B2 (ja) | 筋萎縮性側索硬化症治療剤及び治療用組成物 | |
US11974988B2 (en) | Neuroprotective compositions and methods of using the same | |
WO2019193348A1 (en) | Therapy for ophthalmological conditions | |
US20120010264A1 (en) | Novel medicament for treating cognitive impairment | |
JP2019501972A (ja) | Tdp−43タンパク質症の治療のためのタクロリムス | |
US11344539B2 (en) | Therapeutic or prophylactic drug for dementia | |
RU2792562C2 (ru) | Композиции для лечения нейродегенеративных заболеваний | |
KR20160113081A (ko) | 폐섬유화 예방 또는 치료용 약학 조성물 | |
Srabony | Synthesis and Structure-Activity Studies of 3, 4, 5-Trisubstituted-1, 2, 4-Triazoles as Somatostatin Subtype-4-Agonists | |
WO2017190059A1 (en) | Stabilizing proinsulin monomers | |
WO2015199503A1 (ko) | Cx-4945를 유효성분으로 함유하는 퇴행성 뇌질환 예방 및 치료용 약학적 조성물 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16755471 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2017502378 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
REEP | Request for entry into the european phase |
Ref document number: 2016755471 Country of ref document: EP |
|
WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 15548550 Country of ref document: US |