WO2016117873A1 - 리튬 공기 전지 - Google Patents
리튬 공기 전지 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016117873A1 WO2016117873A1 PCT/KR2016/000317 KR2016000317W WO2016117873A1 WO 2016117873 A1 WO2016117873 A1 WO 2016117873A1 KR 2016000317 W KR2016000317 W KR 2016000317W WO 2016117873 A1 WO2016117873 A1 WO 2016117873A1
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- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
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- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a lithium air battery, and more particularly, to a lithium air battery in which the discharge capacity of the battery is increased by increasing the amount of the conductive material used.
- Lithium air batteries have a weight energy density of about 500 Wh / kg or more, which is much higher than current lithium ion batteries (200 Wh / kg) or next-generation lithium ion batteries (300 Wh / kg). Much research is going on with batteries.
- the lithium air battery has a high energy density while having a large overvoltage during charging and a short cycle life.
- Korean Patent Laid-Open Publication No. 10-2013-0001170 discloses a technique using an anode composed of carbon cloth, carbon paper, carbon felt, or an oxygen-selective permeable membrane coated with an electronic conductive material (conductive material). Is starting.
- the conductive material layer is split, so that the coating amount of the conductive material is inevitably limited.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems of the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium air battery that can provide an effect of improving discharge capacity and improving cycle life by using a sufficient amount of conductive material.
- a lithium air battery including an air electrode using oxygen as a cathode active material, a cathode disposed to be spaced apart from the cathode, a separator interposed between the cathode and the anode, and an electrolyte.
- the cathode includes a gas diffusion layer and a first conductive material coating layer for coating a surface of the gas diffusion layer with a first conductive material
- the separation membrane is a second conductive material coating layer for coating the surface of the separation membrane with a second conductive material. It includes.
- the gas diffusion layer of the cathode may include any one selected from the group consisting of carbon cloth, carbon paper, carbon felt, oxygen selective permeable membrane, and a combination thereof.
- the gas diffusion layer of the cathode may further include a porous current collector.
- the negative electrode may be any one selected from the group consisting of lithium metal complexes, lithium metal complexes treated with lithium or organic or inorganic compounds, and mixtures thereof.
- the separator may be any one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene separators, polypropylene separators, glass fiber separators, and combinations thereof.
- the electrolyte may be any one selected from the group consisting of an aqueous electrolyte, a non-aqueous electrolyte, an organic solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, and a mixed form thereof.
- Each of the first conductive material and the second conductive material is independently carbon black, ketjen black, super pea, denka black, acetylene black, activated carbon powder, carbon molecule, carbon nanotube, carbon nanowire, and activated carbon having fine pores. It may be any one selected from the group consisting of mesoporous carbon, graphite, copper powder, silver powder, nickel, aluminum powder, polyphenylene derivatives and mixtures thereof.
- the cathode is Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, Ag, Au, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Mo, W, Zr, Zn, Ce, La metal, oxides of the metals And it may further comprise any one catalyst selected from the group consisting of a mixture thereof.
- the second conductive material coating layer of the separator and the first conductive material coating layer of the air electrode may be arranged to face each other.
- the second conductive material coating layer of the separator and the first conductive material coating layer of the air electrode may directly contact each other.
- the second conductive material of the separator and the first conductive material of the air electrode may be made of different materials from each other.
- the lithium air battery of the present invention provides an improved discharge capacity by using a sufficient amount of conductive material by coating a conductive material on the surface of the positive electrode and the surface of the separator, and also provides an effect of improving cycle life.
- FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing an embodiment of a lithium air battery of the present invention.
- Example 2 is a graph showing the results of measuring the discharge capacity of the coin cells prepared in Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in Test Example 1 of the present invention.
- air is not limited to atmospheric air, and may include a combination of gases including oxygen, or pure oxygen gas.
- gases including oxygen, or pure oxygen gas.
- the broad definition of this term “air” can be applied to all applications, for example air cells, air anodes and the like.
- an air electrode 10 using oxygen as a positive electrode active material a negative electrode 20 spaced apart from the positive electrode, and between the positive electrode and the negative electrode Interposed therebetween and a separator 30 coated with a conductive material, and an electrolyte (not shown).
- the cathode 10 includes a gas diffusion layer 11 and a first conductive material coating layer 10-1 coating the surface of the gas diffusion layer 11 with a first conductive material, and coated with the conductive material.
- the separator 30 includes a separator 31 and a second conductive material coating layer 30-1 coating the surface of the separator 31 with a second conductive material.
- the lithium air battery including the first conductive material coating layer 10-1 and the second conductive material coating layer 30-1, other components of the lithium air battery are known in the art. Things may apply.
- the gas diffusion layer 11 of the cathode 10 is not particularly limited, and may include any one selected from the group consisting of carbon cloth, carbon paper, carbon felt, oxygen selective permeable membrane, and a combination thereof.
- the cathode 10 may be manufactured by attaching a gas diffusion layer 11 such as carbon cloth, carbon paper, carbon felt, or an oxygen selective permeable membrane to the surface of the porous current collector.
- a gas diffusion layer 11 such as carbon cloth, carbon paper, carbon felt, or an oxygen selective permeable membrane to the surface of the porous current collector.
- the present invention is not limited to this method.
- the cathode 10 may further include a current collector (not shown).
- the gas diffusion layer 11 may be formed as follows. For example, a method of dispersing a carbon material or a carbon material and a catalyst in a solvent to push it into a porous three-dimensional current collector, such as nickel foam, a method of binding the active material to the porous current collector using a sonication, sheet the active material It may be produced in the form and attached to the surface of the porous current collector and the like.
- the porous current collector includes a three-dimensional nickel foam, a planar nickel mesh, an aluminum mesh, carbon paper, carbon foam, aluminum foam, and a combination thereof. It may be any one selected from.
- the cathode 10 may further include a catalyst for the oxidation / reduction of oxygen, such catalysts, for example, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, Ag, Au, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Mo, W, Zr, Zn, Ce, La may be any one selected from the group consisting of metals, oxides of the metals and mixtures thereof.
- a catalyst for the oxidation / reduction of oxygen such catalysts, for example, Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, Ag, Au, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Mo, W, Zr, Zn, Ce, La may be any one selected from the group consisting of metals, oxides of the metals and mixtures thereof.
- the catalyst may be supported on a carrier.
- the carrier may be any one selected from the group consisting of oxides, zeolites, clay minerals, carbon, and mixtures thereof.
- the oxide is an oxide such as alumina, silica, zirconium oxide, titanium dioxide, or the like, or Ce, Pr, Sm, Eu, Tb, Tm, Yb, Sb, Bi, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Nb , Mo, W, and a mixture thereof may be an oxide containing any one metal selected from the group consisting of.
- the carbon may be carbon blacks such as ketjen black, acetylene black, lamp black, graphites such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, expanded graphite, activated carbons, carbon fibers, and the like, but is not necessarily limited thereto. Anything that can be used can be used.
- the negative electrode 20 may be formed of a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium, specifically, a group consisting of a lithium metal composite, a lithiated metal-carbon composite, and a mixture thereof, treated with lithium metal, an organic material, or an inorganic compound. It may be composed of any one selected from.
- the negative electrode 20 may optionally further include a current collector (not shown), and the current collector may be used without limitation as is known in the art.
- a current collector such as stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, or carbon paper may be used.
- the current collector may be coated with an oxidation resistant metal or alloy film to prevent oxidation.
- the separator 31 is not particularly limited, but may include any one selected from the group consisting of polyethylene separators, polypropylene separators, glass fiber separators, and combinations thereof.
- the electrolyte is not particularly limited, but any one electrolyte selected from the group consisting of an aqueous electrolyte, a non-aqueous electrolyte, an organic solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, and a mixture thereof may be used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte may include an aprotic solvent.
- an aprotic solvent for example, a carbonate-based, ester-based, ether-based, ketone-based, amine-based or phosphine-based solvent may be used.
- the ether solvent includes acyclic ethers or cyclic ethers.
- the non-cyclic ether is 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, 1,2-dibutoxyethane (1, 2-dibuthoxyethane, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, triethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol diethyl ether consisting of glycol diethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, tetraethylene glycol diethyl ether, dimethyl sulfoxide and dimethyl acetamide (N, N-dimethyl acetamide) It may be one or more compounds selected from the group.
- the cyclic ether may be 1,3-dioxolane, 1,3-dioxolane, 4,5-dimethyl-dioxolane, 4,5-di Ethyl-dioxolane (4,5-diethyl-dioxolane), 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane (4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane), 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane ( 4-ethyl-1,3-dioxolane), tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, 2,5-dimethyl tetrahydrofuran, 2, 5-dimethoxy tetrahydrofuran, 2-ethoxy tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl-1,3-dioxolane dioxolane), 2-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-di
- organic solid electrolytes examples include polyethylene derivatives, polyethylene oxide derivatives, polypropylene oxide derivatives, phosphate ester polymers, polyedgetion lysine, polyester sulfides, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinylidene fluorides, Polymerizers containing ionic dissociating groups and the like can be used.
- Examples of the inorganic solid electrolyte include Li 3 N, LiI, Li 5 NI 2 , Li 3 N-LiI-LiOH, LiSiO 4 , LiSiO 4 -LiI-LiOH, Li 2 SiS 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Nitrides, halides, sulfates and the like of Li, such as Li 4 SiO 4 -LiI-LiOH, Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS 2 , and the like, may be used.
- the electrolyte may include a lithium salt dispersed on the electrolyte.
- the lithium salt those that are generally applicable to lithium air batteries may be used without particular limitation.
- the lithium salt is LiSCN, LiBr, LiI, LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiCH 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiClO 4 , Li (Ph) 4 , LiC (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 , LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (C 2 F 5 SO 2 ) 2 , LiN (SFO 2 ) 2 ), and LiN (CF 3 CF 2 SO 2 ) 2 It may be one compound.
- the electrolyte may optionally further include any one redox mediator selected from the group consisting of LiI, NaI and KI.
- any one redox mediator selected from the group consisting of LiI, NaI and KI.
- overvoltage may be reduced when the lithium air battery is charged.
- the electrolyte may be impregnated in the separator 30 coated with the conductive material, and may be partially absorbed and present in the cathode 10 or the cathode 20 in addition to the separator 30 coated with the conductive material.
- the first conductive material coating the surface of the gas diffusion layer 11 and the second conductive material coating the surface of the separation membrane 31 are not particularly limited, but are independently carbon black, ketjen black, superpie, denka, respectively.
- the first conductive material included in the first conductive material coating layer 10-1 and the second conductive material included in the second conductive material coating layer 30-1 may be formed of different materials. It is preferable to use a conductive material that can improve the reactivity occurring in the cathode 10 as the first conductive material, and the interface between the separator 31 and the cathode 10 as the second conductive material. It is desirable to use a conductive material that can reduce the resistance.
- the method of forming the first conductive material coating layer 10-1 and the second conductive material coating layer 30-1 may be, for example, vacuum filtration using distillation filtration, dipping, screen printing, or thermal evaporation of metals.
- Various thin film manufacturing processes known in the art may be used, such as vacuum electron beam deposition using an electron beam, sputtering deposition or chemical vapor deposition.
- the first conductive material coating layer 10-1 and the second conductive material coating layer 30-1 may be stacked adjacent to each other. That is, the second conductive material coating layer 30-1 of the separator 30 coated with the conductive material and the first conductive material coating layer 10-1 of the cathode 10 may be arranged to face each other. Preferably, the second conductive material coating layer 30-1 of the separator 30 coated with the conductive material and the first conductive material coating layer 10-1 of the cathode 10 may be in direct contact with each other. have.
- the discharge capacity and cycle life of the lithium air battery by using a conductive material having a sufficient amount and thickness. Can improve.
- Super P as a conductive material was coated on carbon paper in an amount of 0.412 mg / cm 2 to prepare an air electrode, and Super P was coated on one side of the PE separator in an amount of 0.626 mg / cm 2 to prepare a separator.
- a lithium metal having a thickness of 150 ⁇ m was prepared as a negative electrode, and 1.0 M LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 was added as a lithium salt to tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), which is an ether solvent, to prepare an electrolyte solution.
- TEGDME tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether
- the prepared cathode, the cathode, and the separator impregnated with the electrolyte were accommodated in the battery case such that the Super P coating surface of the separator and the Super P coating surface of the cathode faced each other to manufacture a lithium air battery.
- Super P as a conductive material was coated on carbon paper in an amount of 0.674 mg / cm 2 to prepare an air electrode, and a 150 ⁇ m-thick lithium metal was prepared as a PE separator and a cathode, and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), an ether solvent, was prepared.
- An electrolyte solution was prepared by adding 1.0 M LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 as a lithium salt. The separator was impregnated with electrolyte.
- the prepared cathode, the cathode, and the separator impregnated with the electrolyte were accommodated in the battery case such that the Super P coating surface of the separator and the Super P coating surface of the cathode faced each other to manufacture a lithium air battery.
- Carbon paper was prepared as an air electrode, and Super P was coated on one side of the PE separator in an amount of 0.669 mg / cm 2 to prepare a separator.
- a lithium metal having a thickness of 150 ⁇ m was prepared as a negative electrode, and 1.0 M LiN (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 was added as a lithium salt to tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), which is an ether solvent, to prepare an electrolyte solution.
- TEGDME tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether
- the prepared cathode, the cathode, and the separator impregnated with the electrolyte were accommodated in the battery case such that the Super P coating surface of the separator and the Super P coating surface of the cathode faced each other to manufacture a lithium air battery.
- Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were inserted into a box capable of electrochemical measurement.
- the box was kept at 1 atm oxygen pressure, 25 ° C. constant temperature.
- Discharge capacity was measured by an electrochemical method using the wires of the positive and negative electrodes connected to the outside of the box, each cell was measured for the discharge capacity by flowing a current of 100 mA / g compared to the amount of carbon coated.
- the cells of Comparative Examples 1 and 2 in which the conductive material was coated on only one side of the separator or the cathode showed almost the same discharge capacity, while the conductive material was coated on both sides of the separator and the cathode.
- the battery of Example 1 which contains twice the amount of the conductive material as compared to 2 exhibited almost twice the discharge capacity of the batteries of Comparative Examples 1 and 2. From the above results, it was confirmed that the lithium air battery of the present invention has a very significant discharge capacity per area.
- the present invention relates to a lithium air battery, and the lithium air battery has excellent discharge capacity and cycle life by using a sufficient amount of conductive material by coating a conductive material on the surface of the positive electrode and the surface of the separator.
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- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 산소를 양극 활물질로 사용하는 공기극,상기 양극과 이격되어 배치되는 음극,상기 양극과 음극 사이에 개재되는 분리막, 및전해질을 포함하며,상기 공기극은 가스확산층 및 상기 가스확산층의 표면을 제 1 도전재로 코팅하는 제 1 도전재 코팅층을 포함하고,상기 분리막은 상기 분리막의 표면을 제 2 도전재로 코팅하는 제 2 도전재 코팅층을 포함하는 것인 리튬 공기 전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 공기극의 가스확산층은 카본클로스, 카본페이퍼, 카본 펠트, 산소 선택적 투과성 멤브레인 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나를 포함하는 것인 리튬 공기 전지.
- 제 2 항에 있어서,상기 공기극의 가스확산층은 다공성 집전체를 더 포함하는 것인 리튬 공기 전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 음극은 리튬 금속, 유기물 또는 무기화합물로 처리된 리튬 금속 복합체, 리튬화된 금속-카본 복합체 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나인 것인 리튬 공기 전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 분리막은 폴리에틸렌 분리막, 폴리프로필렌 분리막, 유리섬유 분리막 및 이들의 조합으로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나인 것인 리튬 공기 전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 전해질은 수계 전해질, 비수계 전해질, 유기 고체 전해질, 무기 고체 전해질 및 이들의 혼합 형태로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나인 것인 리튬 공기 전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 제 1 도전재 또는 상기 제 2 도전재는 각각 독립적으로 카본블랙, 케첸블랙, 슈퍼피, 덴카블랙, 아세틸렌 블랙, 활성 탄소 분말, 탄소분자체, 탄소나노튜브, 탄소나노와이어, 미세 기공을 갖고 있는 활성탄, 메조포러스 카본, 그래파이트, 구리분말, 은분말, 니켈, 알루미늄분말, 폴리페닐렌 유도체 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나인 것인 리튬 공기 전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 공기극은 Pt, Pd, Ru, Rh, Ir, Ag, Au, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Co, Cu, Mo, W, Zr, Zn, Ce, La 금속, 상기 금속들의 산화물 및 이들의 혼합물로 이루어진 군에서 선택되는 어느 하나의 촉매를 더 포함하는 것인 리튬 공기 전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 분리막의 제 2 도전재 코팅층과 상기 공기극의 제 1 도전재 코팅층은 서로 마주보게 배열되는 것인 리튬 공기 전지.
- 제 9 항에 있어서,상기 분리막의 제 2 도전재 코팅층과 상기 공기극의 제 1 도전재 코팅층은 서로 직접적으로 접촉되는 것인 리튬 공기 전지.
- 제 1 항에 있어서,상기 분리막의 제 2 도전재와 상기 공기극의 제 1 도전재는 서로 상이한 물질로 이루어지는 것인 리튬 공기 전지.
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US15/524,758 US20170358834A1 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2016-01-13 | Lithium-air battery |
CN201680003870.1A CN107004813B (zh) | 2015-01-21 | 2016-01-13 | 锂-空气电池 |
JP2017543695A JP6374612B2 (ja) | 2015-01-21 | 2016-01-13 | リチウム空気電池 |
EP16740346.8A EP3206251B1 (en) | 2015-01-21 | 2016-01-13 | Lithium-air battery |
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EP (1) | EP3206251B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP6374612B2 (ko) |
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CN106941180A (zh) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-11 | 上海汉行科技有限公司 | 一种混合电池体系正极 |
CN106941181A (zh) * | 2017-04-21 | 2017-07-11 | 上海汉行科技有限公司 | 一种铝空气电池空气电极 |
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CN108183242B (zh) * | 2017-11-20 | 2021-01-08 | 南京航空航天大学 | 一种锂空气电池及其正极的制备方法 |
CN109904463A (zh) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-18 | 中国科学院大连化学物理研究所 | 一种金属空气电池用空气电极及应用 |
CN109950667B (zh) * | 2017-12-21 | 2022-02-01 | 中南大学 | 一种锂空气电池扩展夹层湿法纺丝制备方法 |
KR102079798B1 (ko) * | 2018-04-13 | 2020-02-20 | 주식회사 삼양사 | 리튬 2차 전지용 전해질 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 2차 전지 |
CN109449543A (zh) * | 2018-10-23 | 2019-03-08 | 清华大学深圳研究生院 | 一种气体负极电池及其制作方法 |
CN109585979B (zh) * | 2018-10-25 | 2021-01-26 | 天能电池集团股份有限公司 | 一次性铅-空气电池 |
JP7249629B2 (ja) * | 2019-03-12 | 2023-03-31 | 学校法人成蹊学園 | リチウム空気電池用空気極、リチウム空気電池、及びリチウム空気電池用空気極の製造方法 |
CN111755647A (zh) * | 2019-03-27 | 2020-10-09 | 中南大学 | 一种锂空气电池复合隔膜的制备方法 |
KR20210067753A (ko) | 2019-11-29 | 2021-06-08 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 금속-공기 전지 |
KR102336961B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-06 | 2021-12-14 | 한국에너지기술연구원 | 공기극 구조와 이를 포함하는 금속-공기 전지 및 이들의 제조방법 |
CN112259910B (zh) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-08-17 | 北京理工大学 | 一种锂金属电池立方孔碳涂层隔膜及其制备方法 |
CN114307952B (zh) * | 2021-12-24 | 2024-10-08 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | 氧气吸脱附材料及其制备方法和全封闭式锂空气电池 |
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EP3206251B1 (en) | 2019-07-10 |
EP3206251A4 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
EP3206251A1 (en) | 2017-08-16 |
JP6374612B2 (ja) | 2018-08-15 |
CN107004813A (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
KR101790840B1 (ko) | 2017-10-26 |
JP2018500751A (ja) | 2018-01-11 |
US20170358834A1 (en) | 2017-12-14 |
KR20160090119A (ko) | 2016-07-29 |
CN107004813B (zh) | 2019-12-10 |
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