WO2016114197A1 - Électrode de soudage par résistance - Google Patents

Électrode de soudage par résistance Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2016114197A1
WO2016114197A1 PCT/JP2016/050244 JP2016050244W WO2016114197A1 WO 2016114197 A1 WO2016114197 A1 WO 2016114197A1 JP 2016050244 W JP2016050244 W JP 2016050244W WO 2016114197 A1 WO2016114197 A1 WO 2016114197A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
electrode
resistance welding
carbon
welding
mass
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PCT/JP2016/050244
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
修司 上野
信悟 向江
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日本タングステン株式会社
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Filing date
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Application filed by 日本タングステン株式会社 filed Critical 日本タングステン株式会社
Publication of WO2016114197A1 publication Critical patent/WO2016114197A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
    • B23K11/30—Features relating to electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
    • B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape

Definitions

  • the present invention is a resistance welding used for "resistance welding” in which welding is performed by using the electrical resistance of the material itself or the interface of two or more members by energizing two or more members sandwiched between a pair of electrodes.
  • the present invention relates to an electrode.
  • Electrodes Various materials have been proposed for resistance welding electrodes (hereinafter also simply referred to as “electrodes”).
  • Copper alloys such as chromium copper, alumina-dispersed copper and beryllium copper are frequently used as resistance welding electrodes. Copper alloys have extremely low electrical resistivity, high thermal conductivity, and high temperature rise and fall, so that productivity can be increased. (It is also expressed as “work”) and the reaction is not large, and it is widely used as an electrode for resistance welding. Also, many electrodes made of tungsten are used.
  • the material to be welded is aluminum, magnesium, zinc, etc., it has a lower melting point than iron materials, so it is necessary to weld with a large current flowing in a short time. Any material of the electrode will crack on the surface as it is used, but when the material to be welded is aluminum, the reaction between the material to be welded and the electrode is severe, and the electrode and workpiece A phenomenon called “pickup” in which the electrodes are integrated and the electrode lifts the workpiece also occurs. This phenomenon is more likely to occur as the surface state of the electrode becomes rougher, and starts to occur during use.
  • a resistance welding electrode made of a carbon (graphite) material is also used.
  • Carbon is also frequently used because it has a reasonably high electrical resistivity, is heat resistant, does not easily react with aluminum or the like in the air, and is inexpensive. Therefore, when the material to be welded is easily alloyed with copper such as aluminum, it is often used as a resistance welding electrode of carbon (graphite).
  • Carbon and metals such as aluminum, magnesium, titanium, zinc and brass are difficult to react in air. For example, carbon and aluminum hardly react at about 650 ° C. which is the welding temperature of aluminum in air.
  • the life of carbon resistance welding electrodes is almost determined by this consumption phenomenon.
  • the wear phenomenon occurs not only on the working surface of the resistance welding electrode (the portion in contact with the material to be welded) but also on the portion where the temperature rises according to the temperature.
  • the temperature distribution during resistance welding tends to be highest at a part slightly away from the working surface. It is thought that this is because the temperature of the working surface certainly rises, but on the other hand, a part of the heat is transferred to the material to be welded, causing a slight temperature drop. For this reason, as shown in FIG. 2 (2), a portion slightly distant from the working surface is preferentially consumed. This consumption affects the life of the carbon resistance welding electrode.
  • Patent Document 1 describes a coated carbon electrode. There is a statement that it can also be used for resistance welding electrodes. There has been disclosed a technique for suppressing a consumption phenomenon by providing a protective layer of ceramics stable at high temperatures such as carbides and nitrides of Al, Zr, Hf, Ti, and Cr on the surface of carbon serving as a base material. There is a description that the thickness of the protective layer is about 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a technique of providing a film made of pyrolytic carbon on the surface of carbon used for an electrode for resistance welding. It is described that the surface of carbon is heated to a high temperature in a hydrocarbon atmosphere to form a high-purity and high-density surface layer, thereby suppressing the consumption phenomenon by reducing gas permeation. An example of 30 ⁇ m is described for the thickness of the high-density surface layer.
  • Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 described above has solved one major problem when using carbon as a resistance welding electrode.
  • Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2 have a problem that costs and time are required at the time of resistance welding electrode manufacturing and correction processing.
  • carbon is prepared, and the process of processing it into an electrode shape for resistance welding does not require any special cost. Thereafter, there is a large cost in the step of forming a film on the surface. This is because the treatment for forming the coating needs to perform any one of chemical vapor deposition, physical vapor deposition, and thermal decomposition of hydrocarbons. These all require expensive dedicated equipment.
  • the entire resistance welding electrode made of carbon material is made of a material that is unlikely to cause wear, rather than a method of forming a coating only on the surface of resistance welding electrode made of carbon material.
  • a carbon composite material containing carbon as a main component and containing SiC and a B 4 C component is used as an electrode material for resistance welding.
  • the carbon composite preferably has 1.5 to 10% by mass of a B 4 C component and 3 to 20% by mass of an SiC component with respect to the entire carbon composite.
  • This composition By having this composition, it becomes a structure in which a certain amount of SiC and B 4 C are dispersed in the matrix of carbon, and even when the resistance welding electrode surface becomes hot during use, oxidation hardly proceeds to the electrode surface. Form a layer.
  • This layer that is difficult to proceed with oxidation is a layer made of SiO 2 , B 2 O 3, or the like that hardly reacts with metal or oxygen. By forming this layer on the surface of the resistance welding electrode, resistance welding electrode and air Almost no reaction with oxygen inside.
  • the resistance welding electrode of the present invention has a significantly smaller reaction with oxygen in the air than a conventional carbon resistance welding electrode. Therefore, it is possible to extend the life remarkably as compared with the resistance welding electrode made of carbon.
  • mechanical properties are higher than carbon, and mechanical wear and breakage are less likely to occur.
  • the electrode can be easily modified and reused by polishing, so that the welding operator can perform these operations without special equipment. As a result, the cost and time required for the response could be greatly reduced.
  • a carbon composite material having SiC and B 4 C in carbon is used as a resistance welding electrode. Since this carbon composite material has a remarkably small reaction with oxygen in the air even at a high temperature during welding, the above-described consumption phenomenon in which the carbon material surface gradually wears out and retreats can be extremely reduced. Therefore, the service life of the resistance welding electrode can be remarkably extended as compared with carbon.
  • the amount of SiC is desirably 3 to 20% by mass, and the amount of B 4 C is desirably 1.5 to 10% by mass.
  • the carbon composite material can be given sufficient strength and hardness, and SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 are formed on the surface when used as a resistance welding electrode.
  • the consumption phenomenon is extremely difficult to occur.
  • the amount of SiC and B 4 C the total amount is preferably 5% by mass or more, and the balance is carbon. If the total amount is less than 4.5% by mass, it becomes difficult to form a layer in which the oxidation is difficult to proceed due to a temperature rise, and the consumption phenomenon of the carbon composite material is likely to proceed.
  • the porosity is preferably 3% or less.
  • the mass ratio of SiC and B 4 C is 1 ⁇ (SiC mass / B 4 C mass) ⁇ 5 When the degree, the SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 is easily generated, and more preferable.
  • the carbon composite material has the following characteristics that are preferable as an electrode for resistance welding, in addition to the fact that the wear phenomenon hardly occurs.
  • Carbon which has the same machinability as carbon, can be easily cut using a general lathe.
  • the carbon composite material has substantially the same workability. For this reason, the “business operator who performs welding”, which was cited as a problem, can also be easily processed.
  • the electrical resistivity of the carbon composite material suitable for resistance welding electrodes is about 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 to 5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ ⁇ cm), which is about the same as that of carbon.
  • the thermal conductivity is somewhat inferior to carbon, but sufficiently high, it can be used almost as it is in a process that currently uses carbon as a resistance welding electrode. 3.
  • This carbon composite material can be obtained by a known method.
  • SiC and B 4 C powders are added to raw coke serving as a carbon source, pulverized and mixed, press-molded, and fired at about 1200 ° C. in an inert atmosphere to obtain a carbon molded product.
  • This molded product is heat-treated at a high temperature in an inert atmosphere in a graphite furnace to obtain a carbon composite material.
  • the method is not limited as long as the carbon composite material having the same composition is obtained.
  • the obtained carbon composite material is cut out or cut into a required shape to obtain a desired resistance welding electrode shape.
  • the resistance welding electrode of the present invention is obtained.
  • the performance of the electrode will be described in detail by way of examples.
  • Example 1 Example used for spot welding electrode This is an example of welding using a round bar-shaped resistance welding electrode of the present invention, with two aluminum plates having a thickness of 0.7 mm as the material to be welded 3. .
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a spot welder and electrodes. The end surface of the electrode 1 of the round bar is the working surface 11 that directly contacts the workpiece 3.
  • Sample 1 to sample 5 and comparative samples 11 to 13 were subjected to spot welding with continuous spotting using the electrode 1 having the same shape under the conditions shown in Table 1. And the formed nugget diameter was measured and the electrode life was calculated
  • Sample 1 Electrode for resistance welding of 3 mass% SiC-2 mass% B 4 C-balance carbon of the present invention
  • Sample 2 Electrode for resistance welding of 3 mass% SiC-3 mass% B 4 C-balance carbon of the present invention
  • Sample 3 Electrode for resistance welding of 9 mass% SiC-5 mass% B 4 C-balance carbon of the present invention
  • Sample 4 Electrode for resistance welding of 11 mass% SiC-7 mass% B 4 C-balance carbon of the present invention
  • Sample 5 14 wt% SiC-3 wt% B 4 C—balance carbon resistance welding electrode comparison sample 21 of the present invention: resistance welding electrode comparison sample made of carbon (almost pure graphite) 22: resistance of chromium copper Welding electrode comparison sample 23: Tungsten resistance welding electrode
  • the electrode 5 for resistance welding according to the present invention was considered to have a life when the working surface was consumed and the nugget diameter could not be secured. This is because the working surface was normally worn and consumed due to contact with the workpiece and pressurization because it was used for repeated spot welding. No pick-up phenomenon was seen at the stage when it was judged to be a life. Further, when the samples 1 to 5 after use were investigated, the outer diameter was hardly changed.
  • the comparative sample 21 made of almost pure graphite was thinned at a part slightly away from the electrode working surface, and thus its life was reached.
  • the working surface was slightly worn, and the diameter of the side surface was reduced to 90% before use and became thinner. This is because the surface of carbon reacts with oxygen in the air at a high temperature during welding and is released as carbon dioxide. The risk of breakage increased as part of it became thinner. Further, since the diameter of the side surface is reduced, the same dimension cannot be obtained even if the working surface is ground.
  • Comparative Samples 22 and 23 made of chromium copper and tungsten the pick-up phenomenon due to the reaction with aluminum occurred at an early stage. It is considered that this phenomenon occurred because copper and tungsten are relatively easy to react with aluminum at a high temperature during welding.
  • Example 2 Example Used for Seam Welding Electrode Two plated steel sheets (plating layer: zinc, magnesium alloy) with a square plate thickness of 0.8 mm were used as the material to be welded 3 and two of them were stacked. Seam welding was performed linearly on part of the overlapped surface. The welding conditions are as shown in Table 3.
  • the seam welding electrode 30 is a CF-shaped (conical trapezoidal) electrode having a tip width of 3.4 mm and an overall width of 20 mm, and pressurizing the overlapped surface with two outer diameter flat end portions having an outer diameter of 200 mm. Energized.
  • Electrode samples were the resistance welding electrodes of Samples 11 to 16 of the present invention and Comparative Samples 31 to 33 of the materials described below.
  • Sample 11 Electrode for resistance welding of the present invention of 3 mass% SiC-1.5 mass% B 4 C-balance carbon
  • Sample 12 Resistance welding of the present invention of 7 mass% SiC-2 mass% B 4 C-balance carbon
  • Electrode sample 13 7% by mass SiC-4% by mass B 4 C-balance carbon electrode of the present invention for resistance welding 14: 11% by mass SiC-6% by mass B 4 C-balance carbon of the present invention by resistance welding
  • Electrode sample 15 20% by mass SiC-5% by mass B 4 C-balance carbon resistance welding electrode sample 16 of the present invention: 15% by mass SiC-10% by mass B 4 C-balance carbon resistance welding of the present invention
  • Electrode comparison sample 31 Carbon (substantially pure graphite) resistance welding electrode comparison sample 32: Chrome copper resistance welding electrode comparison sample 33: Tungsten resistance welding electrode
  • the electrode life was judged by observing the cross section of the welded portion at each welding distance of 50 m with each electrode.
  • the formed nugget width in the electrode width direction was measured, and the life of the electrode was determined by assuming that the formed nugget diameter was less than 2.4 mm as a poor weld.
  • the electrodes were also observed, and if there were large cracks or large welds with the workpiece and the welded surface was rough, the life was determined there. Also, when the electrode was cracked or chipped and the welded surface was uneven, the life was determined there. Similarly, even when a part of the electrode having a width of 20 mm reaches 19 mm, which is 95% of the part, the life is similarly determined.
  • Comparative Samples 32 and 33 made of chromium copper and tungsten, since welding due to reaction with zinc and magnesium as plating components occurred during 50 m welding, the life was reached at that time. It is considered that this phenomenon occurred because copper and tungsten easily react with metal components used for plating at a high temperature during welding.
  • the example used for the electrode for spot welding and the electrode for seam welding is shown above, but it can be used for other applications where conventional carbon resistance welding electrodes can be used, such as projection welding, thermal caulking, flash butt welding, upset butt welding, etc. It was possible to use.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une électrode de soudage par résistance, destinée à être utilisée dans l'air et moins susceptible de réagir avec le métal qui est le matériau en train d'être soudé et pour laquelle la consommation d'électrode est faible. Un matériau, dans lequel SiC et B4C sont dispersés dans du carbone, est utilisé comme matériau pour l'électrode de soudage par résistance. L'électrode étant beaucoup moins susceptible d'être consommée en raison de la réaction avec l'oxygène dans l'air et étant également moins susceptible de réagir avec le métal dans le matériau en train d'être soudé ou un élément de placage associé, son coût est faible et sa durée de vie en service prolongée. Contrairement aux électrodes au carbone dans lesquelles une couche de prévention de réaction est disposée uniquement sur la surface de l'électrode de soudage par résistance, un recyclage par correction de forme et polissage est également possible.
PCT/JP2016/050244 2015-01-13 2016-01-06 Électrode de soudage par résistance WO2016114197A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2015-004546 2015-01-13
JP2015004546A JP6453653B2 (ja) 2015-01-13 2015-01-13 抵抗溶接用電極

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WO2016114197A1 true WO2016114197A1 (fr) 2016-07-21

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61127864A (ja) * 1984-11-24 1986-06-16 Nippon Tungsten Co Ltd 被覆炭素電極
JPH02280976A (ja) * 1989-04-19 1990-11-16 Ibiden Co Ltd 抵抗溶接用の炭素電極
JPH10152312A (ja) * 1996-11-19 1998-06-09 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 黒鉛の製造法

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61127864A (ja) * 1984-11-24 1986-06-16 Nippon Tungsten Co Ltd 被覆炭素電極
JPH02280976A (ja) * 1989-04-19 1990-11-16 Ibiden Co Ltd 抵抗溶接用の炭素電極
JPH10152312A (ja) * 1996-11-19 1998-06-09 Agency Of Ind Science & Technol 黒鉛の製造法

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JP6453653B2 (ja) 2019-01-16

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